FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gambier, P Anton, SR Kong, N Erturk, A Inman, DJ AF Gambier, P. Anton, S. R. Kong, N. Erturk, A. Inman, D. J. TI Piezoelectric, solar and thermal energy harvesting for hybrid low-power generator systems with thin-film batteries SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE energy harvesting; power scavenging; vibrational energy; thermal energy; solar energy; power conditioning; hybrid systems; multimodal systems; multifunctional structures ID THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS AB The harvesting of ambient energy to power small electronic components has received tremendous attention over the last decade. The research goal in this field is to enable self-powered electronic components for use particularly in wireless sensing and measurement applications. Thermal energy due to temperature gradients, solar energy and ambient vibrations constitute some of the major sources of energy that can be harvested. Researchers have presented several papers focusing on each of these topics separately. This paper aims to develop a hybrid power generator and storage system using these three sources of energy in order to improve both structural multifunctionality and system-level robustness in energy harvesting. A multilayer structure with flexible solar, piezoceramic, thin-film battery and metallic substructure layers is developed (with the overhang dimensions of 93 mm x 25 mm x 1.5 mm in cantilevered configuration). Thermal energy is also used for charging the thin-film battery layers using a 30.5 mm x 33 mm x 4.1 mm generator. Performance results are presented for charging and discharging of the thin-film battery layers using each one of the harvesting methods. It is shown based on the extrapolation of a set of measurements that 1 mA h of a thin-film battery can be charged in 20 min using solar energy (for a solar irradiance level of 223 W m(-2)), in 40 min using thermal energy (for a temperature difference of 31 degrees C) and in 8 h using vibrational energy (for a harmonic base acceleration input of 0.5g at 56.4 Hz). C1 [Erturk, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Inman, D. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kong, N.] Texas Instruments Inc, Manchester, NH 03101 USA. [Anton, S. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gambier, P.] Inst Super Aeronaut & Espace, F-31055 Toulouse, France. RP Erturk, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM alper.erturk@me.gatech.edu RI Erturk, Alper/B-6365-2009 FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F9550-06-1-0326] FX The experiments were conducted in the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures at Virginia Tech. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the grant F9550-06-1-0326 'Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems for Future Air Force Vehicles' monitored by Dr B L Lee. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 37 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 23 IS 1 AR 015101 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/23/1/015101 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 864KZ UT WOS:000298240200012 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, Paul T. TI Attenuated Inheritance of Body Weight by Running in Monozygotic Twins SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE RUNNING; PREVENTION; OBESITY; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; NATIONAL RUNNERS HEALTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MASS INDEX; VIGOROUS EXERCISE; IDENTICAL-TWINS; RISK-FACTORS; FEMALE RUNNERS; FTO GENE AB WILLIAMS, P. T. Attenuated Inheritance of Body Weight by Running in Monozygotic Twins. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 98-103, 2012. Purpose: Genetic factors account for 40%-70% of the population variation in body mass index (BMI), suggesting that genetic predisposition is a major risk factor for excess weight. The purpose of this study was to test whether exercise attenuates the inherited risk for excess body weight. Methods: Survey questionnaires of exercise (usual running distance) and BMI were obtained from a national sample of 582 female and 344 male self-identified monozygotic (MZ) twins. Regression analyses were used to test whether running disparity diminished the inheritance of BMI when adjusted for age, education, cigarette use, and selected dietary variables. Results: The active twins ran between 0 and 10.7 km center dot d(-1) more than their less active twins if female (mean +/- SD = 1.61 +/- 1.50 km center dot d(-1)) and between 0 and 13.7 km center dot d(-1) more if male (1.88 +/- 1.78 km center dot d(-1)). Average BMIs of the less active twins were 22.38 +/- 3.56 and 24.59 +/- 3.08 kg center dot m(-2) in females and males, respectively. Within-twin correlations were significant (P < 0.0001) for usual distance run (females: r = 0.64; males: r = 0.61) and BMI (females: r = 0.67; males: r = 0.71). Greater running differences (Delta km center dot d(-1)) attenuated the effect of the less active twins' BMIs on their active MZ twins' BMI (females: -14.3% per Delta km center dot d(-1), P < 10(-7); males: -7.4% per Delta km center dot d(-1), P = 0.004), such that by 4 Delta km center dot d(-1), the inherited risk was reduced by 58.8% in females and 29.6% in males. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the attenuation of the inherited risk of excess body weight by running, which is remarkable because BMI regulation is assumed to be multifactorial, its genetic inheritance is polygenic, and no single genetic polymorphism currently explains >1% of the BMI variance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ptwilliams@lbl.gov FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL072110]; Institute of Aging [AG032004]; Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Department of Energy) [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL072110) and the Institute of Aging (AG032004) and was conducted at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Department of Energy DE-AC03-76SF00098 to the University of California). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 44 IS 1 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822676e8 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 866JT UT WOS:000298377400013 PM 21659905 ER PT J AU Luo, ZP Song, YG Zhang, SQ Miller, DJ AF Luo, Zhiping Song, Yinggang Zhang, Shaoqing Miller, Dean J. TI Interfacial Microstructure in a B4C/Al Composite Fabricated by Pressureless Infiltration SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBIDE-ALUMINUM COMPOSITES; METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; REINFORCED AL NANOCOMPOSITE; BORON-CARBIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SIC/AL COMPOSITES; PARTICLES; BEHAVIOR; PHASE AB In this work, B4C particulate-reinforced Al composite was fabricated by a pressureless infiltration technique, and its interfacial microstructure was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The B4C phase was unstable in Al melt during the infiltration process, forming AlB10-type AlB24C4 or Al2.1B51C8 as a major reactant phase. The Al matrix was large grains (over 10 mu m), which had no definite orientation relationships (ORs) with the randomly orientated B4C or its reactant particles, except for possible nucleation sites with {011}(B4C) almost parallel to {111}(Al) at a deviation angle of 1.5 deg. Both B4C-Al and reactant-Al interfaces are semicoherent and free of other phases. A comparison was made with the SiC/Al composite fabricated similarly by the pressureless infiltration. It was suggested that the lack of ORs between the Al matrix and reinforced particles, except for possible nucleation sites, is the common feature of the composites prepared by the infiltration method. C1 [Luo, Zhiping] Texas A&M Univ, Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Luo, Zhiping] Texas A&M Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Song, Yinggang; Zhang, Shaoqing] Beijing Inst Aeronaut Mat, Beijing 100095, Peoples R China. [Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Luo, ZP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Microscopy & Imaging Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM luo@mic.tamu.edu RI Luo, Zhiping/C-4435-2014 OI Luo, Zhiping/0000-0002-8264-6424 FU National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials; U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This sample fabrication was supported by the National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials. Some modeling and simulations were performed using Cerius2 program, provided by Dr. Lisa M. Perez through the Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University. Some of the work was carried out in the Electron Microscopy Center, Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-31-109-Eng-38. The authors thank Dr. Mike Pendleton (MIC, TAMU) for assistance in the manuscript preparation. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 43A IS 1 BP 281 EP 293 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0817-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865SF UT WOS:000298329900026 ER PT J AU Madison, J Spowart, JE Rowenhorst, DJ Aagesen, LK Thornton, K Pollock, TM AF Madison, J. Spowart, J. E. Rowenhorst, D. J. Aagesen, L. K. Thornton, K. Pollock, T. M. TI Fluid Flow and Defect Formation in the Three-Dimensional Dendritic Structure of Nickel-Based Single Crystals SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; INTERDENDRITIC LIQUID; FRECKLE FORMATION; SN ALLOYS; PERMEABILITY; SUPERALLOYS; CONVECTION; MACROSEGREGATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; DENSITIES AB Fluid flow within the dendritic structure at the solid-liquid interface in nickel-based superalloys has been studied in two directionally solidified alloy systems. Millimeter-scale, three-dimensional (3D) datasets of dendritic structure have been collected by serial sectioning, and the reconstructed mushy zones have been used as domains for fluid-flow modeling. Flow permeability and the influence of dendritic structure on flow patterns have been investigated. Permeability analyses indicate that the cross flow normal to the withdrawal direction limits the development of flow instabilities. Local Rayleigh numbers calculated using the permeabilities extracted from the 3D dataset are higher than predicted by conventional empirical calculations in the regions of the mushy zone that are prone to the onset of convective instabilities. The ability to measure dendrite surface area in 3D volumes permit improved prediction of permeability as well. C1 [Madison, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Spowart, J. E.] USAF, Res Lab, RXBC, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Rowenhorst, D. J.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Aagesen, L. K.; Thornton, K.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pollock, T. M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Madison, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jdmadis@sandia.gov RI Aagesen, Larry/B-6950-2017; OI Aagesen, Larry/0000-0003-4936-676X; /0000-0002-1227-5293 FU Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; PCC Airfoils, Inc.; AFOSR MEANS-II [FA9550-05-1-0104]; NSF [0746424] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors are grateful for the technical assistance of C. Torbet, UCSB, as well as support from T. Van Vranken and L. Graham of PCC Airfoils, Inc. The authors have also benefited from useful discussions with C. Beckermann, D. Poirier, P. Voorhees, and J. Dvorkin. The authors also thank C. Woodward, D. Trinkle, and Mark Asta for ab initio MD liquidus density calculations. The financial support of the AFOSR MEANS-II Program Grant No. FA9550-05-1-0104 is acknowledged and K. Thornton also acknowledges the support of NSF under Grant No. 0746424. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 43A IS 1 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s11661-011-0823-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 865SF UT WOS:000298329900034 ER PT J AU Cosandey, F Su, D Sina, M Pereira, N Amatucci, GG AF Cosandey, F. Su, D. Sina, M. Pereira, N. Amatucci, G. G. TI Fe valence determination and Li elemental distribution in lithiated FeO0.7F1.3/C nanocomposite battery materials by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) SO MICRON LA English DT Review DE Li-ion battery material; Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS); Iron oxyfluoride; Nanocomposites; Fe valence state; Lithium ID METAL FLUORIDE NANOCOMPOSITES; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; LOSS SPECTROMETRY; CATHODE MATERIALS; ION BATTERIES; QUANTIFICATION; MINERALS; SPECTRA AB Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a powerful technique for studying Li-ion battery materials because the valence state of the transition metal in the electrode and charge transfer during lithiation and delithiation processes can be analyzed by measuring the relative intensity of the transition metal L-3 and L-2 lines. In addition, the Li distribution in the electrode material can be mapped with nanometer scale resolution. Results obtained for FeO0.7F1.3/C nanocomposite positive electrodes are presented. The Fe average valence state as a function of lithiation (discharge) has been measured by EELS and results are compared with average Fe valence obtained from electrochemical data. For the FeO0.7F1.3/C electrode discharged to 1.5V, phase decomposition is observed and valence mapping with sub-nanometer resolution was obtained by STEM/EELS analysis. For the lowest discharge voltage of 0.8V, a surface electrolyte inter-phase (SEI) layer is observed and STEM/EELS results are compared with the Li-K edges obtained for various Li standard compounds (LiF, Li2CO3 and Li2O). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cosandey, F.; Sina, M.; Pereira, N.; Amatucci, G. G.] Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Pereira, N.; Amatucci, G. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Energy Storage Res Grp, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Su, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cosandey, F (reprint author), Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 607 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM cosandey@rci.rutgers.edu RI Su, Dong/A-8233-2013 OI Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683 FU North-eastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), a DOE-BES-EFRC [DE-SC0001294]; DOE, office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research was supported by the North-eastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), a DOE-BES-EFRC funded center under grant number DE-SC0001294. The STEM/EELS research carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by DOE, office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Special thanks also to Rutgers IAMDN for the use of electron microscopy facility. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 100 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-4328 J9 MICRON JI Micron PD JAN PY 2012 VL 43 IS 1 SI SI BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.micron.2011.05.009 PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 869BG UT WOS:000298570100005 PM 21696971 ER PT J AU Hu, SY Henager, CH Li, YL Gao, F Sun, X Khaleel, MA AF Hu, Shenyang Henager, Charles H. Li, Yulan Gao, Fei Sun, Xin Khaleel, Mohammad A. TI Evolution kinetics of interstitial loops in irradiated materials: a phase-field model SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; DISLOCATION LOOPS; SOLUTE DRAG; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; RADIATION-DAMAGE; STAINLESS-STEEL; VOID GROWTH; METALS AB Interstitial loops are one of the principal evolving defects in irradiated materials. The evolution of interstitial loops, including spatial and size distributions, affects both vacancy and interstitial accumulations in the matrix, hence, void formation and volumetric swelling. In this work, a phase-field model describing the growth kinetics of interstitial loops in irradiated materials during aging is developed. The diffusion of vacancies and interstitials and the elastic interaction between interstitial loops and point defects are accounted in the model. The effects of interstitial concentration, chemical potential, and elastic interaction on the growth kinetics and stability of interstitial loops are investigated in two and three dimensions. It is found that the elastic interaction enhances the growth kinetics of interstitial loops. The elastic interaction also affects the stability of a small interstitial loop adjacent to a larger loop. The model predicts linear growth rates for interstitial loops that is in agreement with the previous theoretical predictions and experimental observations. C1 [Hu, Shenyang; Henager, Charles H.; Li, Yulan; Gao, Fei; Sun, Xin; Khaleel, Mohammad A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hu, SY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM shenyang.hu@pnnl.gov RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012; OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749; Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 FU US Department of Energy in Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Radiological and Nuclear Science and Technology Division at PNNL FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) Program in Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No DE-AC05-76RL01830. SH would also like to acknowledge the support by the US Department of Energy's NA22 project 'Property Improvement in CZT via Processing and Modeling Innovations' in PNNL and additional funding from the Radiological and Nuclear Science and Technology Division at PNNL for the completion of this work. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 AR 015011 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/20/1/015011 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 866UE UT WOS:000298409300011 ER PT J AU Zhang, LZ Bartel, T Lusk, MT AF Zhang, Liangzhe Bartel, Timothy Lusk, Mark T. TI A quantitative description of grain boundary kinetics for the cubic-lattice Ising model and its application SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; SURFACE-TENSION; POTTS-MODEL; RECRYSTALLIZATION; SIMULATION; GROWTH; FERROMAGNET; INTERFACE; MOBILITY AB The capillary driving force and grain boundary mobility is numerically derived within a three-dimensional, cubic-lattice setting Ising model. The results explicitly account for the influences of Monte Carlo temperature and a single angle of inclination. The computed driving force and mobility are used to establish the parametric links with a deterministic continuum model that can be informed by experimental data. The calibrated Monte Carlo paradigm, thus endowed with physical time, length and energy scales, is validated and applied to study grain boundary motion for a set of mixed driving forces within a bi-crystal setting. Polycrystalline simulations are subsequently launched to capture texture evolution with bulk energy effect. C1 [Zhang, Liangzhe; Lusk, Mark T.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bartel, Timothy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zhang, LZ (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM liangzhezhang@gmail.com FU Sandia National Laboratories under LDRD [09-0298]; National Science Foundation; National Renewable Energy Laboratories FX The research is supported by Sandia National Laboratories under LDRD contract 09-0298. Sandia National Laboratories are operated by the Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy. We also acknowledge the Golden Energy Computing Organization at the Colorado School of Mines for the use of resources acquired with financial assistance from the National Science Foundation and the National Renewable Energy Laboratories. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 AR 015009 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/20/1/015009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 866UE UT WOS:000298409300009 ER PT J AU Balamotis, MA Tamberg, N Woo, YJ Li, JC Davy, B Kohwi-Shigematsu, T Kohwi, Y AF Balamotis, Michael A. Tamberg, Nele Woo, Young Jae Li, Jingchuan Davy, Brian Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terumi Kohwi, Yoshinori TI Satb1 Ablation Alters Temporal Expression of Immediate Early Genes and Reduces Dendritic Spine Density during Postnatal Brain Development SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREPROENKEPHALIN-KNOCKOUT MICE; PROJECTION NEURON IDENTITY; DEVELOPING CEREBRAL-CORTEX; BINDING PROTEIN SATB1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; NUCLEAR-MATRIX; VISUAL-CORTEX; NULL MUTATION AB Complex behaviors, such as learning and memory, are associated with rapid changes in gene expression of neurons and subsequent formation of new synaptic connections. However, how external signals are processed to drive specific changes in gene expression is largely unknown. We found that the genome organizer protein Satb1 is highly expressed in mature neurons, primarily in the cerebral cortex, dentate hilus, and amygdala. In Satb1-null mice, cortical layer morphology was normal. However, in postnatal Satb1-null cortical pyramidal neurons, we found a substantial decrease in the density of dendritic spines, which play critical roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Further, we found that in the cerebral cortex, Satb1 binds to genomic loci of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) (Fos, Fosb, Egr1, Egr2, Arc, and Bdnf) and other key neuronal genes, many of which have been implicated in synaptic plasticity. Loss of Satb1 resulted in greatly alters timing and expression levels of these IEGs during early postnatal cerebral cortical development and also upon stimulation in cortical organotypic cultures. These data indicate that Satb1 is required for proper temporal dynamics of LEG expression. Based on these findings, we propose that Satb1 plays a critical role in cortical neurons to facilitate neuronal plasticity. C1 [Balamotis, Michael A.; Tamberg, Nele; Woo, Young Jae; Li, Jingchuan; Davy, Brian; Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terumi; Kohwi, Yoshinori] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tamberg, Nele] Univ Tartu, Inst Mol & Cell Biol, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. RP Kohwi, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tkohwi-shigematsu@lbl.gov; ykohwi@lbl.gov OI Woo, Young/0000-0002-9233-5099 FU NIH-RO1 [CA39681, GM63026, NS41128]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by NIH-RO1 (CA39681 and GM63026; to T.K.-S.) and NIH-RO1 (NS41128; to Y.K.) and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 96 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 32 IS 2 BP 333 EP 347 DI 10.1128/MCB.05917-11 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 875HD UT WOS:000299020100009 PM 22064485 ER PT J AU Sessitsch, A Hardoim, P Doring, J Weilharter, A Krause, A Woyke, T Mitter, B Hauberg-Lotte, L Friedrich, F Rahalkar, M Hurek, T Sarkar, A Bodrossy, L van Overbeek, L Brar, D van Elsas, JD Reinhold-Hurek, B AF Sessitsch, A. Hardoim, P. Doering, J. Weilharter, A. Krause, A. Woyke, T. Mitter, B. Hauberg-Lotte, L. Friedrich, F. Rahalkar, M. Hurek, T. Sarkar, A. Bodrossy, L. van Overbeek, L. Brar, D. van Elsas, J. D. Reinhold-Hurek, B. TI Functional Characteristics of an Endophyte Community Colonizing Rice Roots as Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; SP STRAIN BH72; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES; COMPLETE GENOME; RHIZOSPHERE; PLANT; SEQUENCE; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB Roots are the primary site of interaction between plants and microorganisms. To meet food demands in changing climates, improved yields and stress resistance are increasingly important, stimulating efforts to identify factors that affect plant productivity. The role of bacterial endophytes that reside inside plants remains largely unexplored, because analysis of their specific functions is impeded by difficulties in cultivating most prokaryotes. Here, we present the first metagenomic approach to analyze an endophytic bacterial community resident inside roots of rice, one of the most important staple foods. Metagenome sequences were obtained from endophyte cells extracted from roots of field-grown plants. Putative functions were deduced from protein domains or similarity analyses of protein-encoding gene fragments, and allowed insights into the capacities of endophyte cells. This allowed us to predict traits and metabolic processes important for the endophytic lifestyle, suggesting that the endorhizosphere is an exclusive microhabitat requiring numerous adaptations. Prominent features included flagella, plant-polymer-degrading enzymes, protein secretion systems, iron acquisition and storage, quorum sensing, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Surprisingly, endophytes might be involved in the entire nitrogen cycle, as protein domains involved in N2-fixation, denitrification, and nitrification were detected and selected genes expressed. Our data suggest a high potential of the endophyte community for plant-growth promotion, improvement of plant stress resistance, biocontrol against pathogens, and bioremediation, regardless of their culturability. C1 [Doering, J.; Krause, A.; Hauberg-Lotte, L.; Friedrich, F.; Rahalkar, M.; Hurek, T.; Sarkar, A.; Reinhold-Hurek, B.] Univ Bremen, Dept Microbe Plant Interact, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Sessitsch, A.; Weilharter, A.; Mitter, B.; Bodrossy, L.] AIT Austrian Inst Technol GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Tulln, Austria. [Hardoim, P.; van Elsas, J. D.] Univ Groningen, Dept Microbial Ecol, Haren, Netherlands. [Hardoim, P.; van Overbeek, L.] Plant Res Int, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Woyke, T.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy DOE, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Brar, D.] Int Rice Res Ctr IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines. RP Reinhold-Hurek, B (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Dept Microbe Plant Interact, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM breinhold@uni-bremen.de RI Bodrossy, Levente/B-8054-2009; Hardoim, Pablo/M-7048-2013; Bodrossy, Levente/Q-3745-2016; OI Bodrossy, Levente/0000-0001-6940-452X; Hardoim, Pablo/0000-0002-5079-4959; Bodrossy, Levente/0000-0001-6940-452X; Sessitsch, Angela/0000-0003-0137-930X FU FWF (National Science Foundation) [P 21261-B03]; BMBF (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung) [315068]; DOE's Office of Science, Biological, and Environmental Research; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX We thank C. M. Vera Cruz (IRRI) for providing her laboratory equipment during endophyte cell enrichment; J. Brons (University Groningen), B. Nikolic, and M. Furnkranz (both AIT Seibersdorf) for help with endophyte extraction; and E. Prugger (University Bremen) for help with RNA extraction. This work was supported by a grant provided by the FWF (National Science Foundation, grant number P 21261-B03) to A. Sessitsch and partially by a grant awarded by the BMBF (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung) in the framework of GABI-FUTURE (number 315068) to B. Reinhold-Hurek and T. Hurek. The sequencing for the project was provided through the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Community Sequencing Program. This work was performed under the auspices of the DOE's Office of Science, Biological, and Environmental Research Program and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC52-07NA27344; and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-06NA25396. NR 51 TC 109 Z9 115 U1 15 U2 161 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0204 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 865BK UT WOS:000298285500003 PM 21970692 ER PT J AU Hemesath, ER Schreiber, DK Gulsoy, EB Kisielowski, CF Petford-Long, AK Voorhees, PW Lauhon, LJ AF Hemesath, Eric R. Schreiber, Daniel K. Gulsoy, Emine B. Kisielowski, Christian F. Petford-Long, Amanda K. Voorhees, Peter W. Lauhon, Lincoln J. TI Catalyst Incorporation at Defects during Nanowire Growth SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanowire; TEM; grain boundary; impurity; tomography; crystal growth ID DOPANT SEGREGATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; SILICON; SUPERLATTICES; BORON AB Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was used to correlate the structure of planar defects with the prevalence of Au catalyst atom incorporation in Si nanowires. Site-specific high-resolution imaging along orthogonal zone axes, enabled by advances in focused ion beam cross sectioning, reveals substantial incorporation of catalyst atoms at grain boundaries in < 110 > oriented nanowires. In contrast, (111) stacking faults that generate new polytypes in < 112 > oriented nanowires do not show preferential catalyst incorporation. Tomographic reconstruction of the catalyst-nanowire interface is used to suggest criteria for the stability of planar defects that trap impurity atoms in catalyst-mediated nanowires. C1 [Hemesath, Eric R.; Schreiber, Daniel K.; Gulsoy, Emine B.; Petford-Long, Amanda K.; Voorhees, Peter W.; Lauhon, Lincoln J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kisielowski, Christian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Petford-Long, Amanda K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lauhon, LJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1881 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM lauhon@northwestern.edu RI Voorhees, Peter /B-6700-2009; Lauhon, Lincoln/B-7526-2009; Gulsoy, Emine/A-1985-2011; Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014; Lauhon, Lincoln/H-2976-2015 OI Gulsoy, Emine/0000-0002-8182-2473; Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090; Lauhon, Lincoln/0000-0001-6046-3304 FU National Science Foundation [DMI-0507053, DMR-1006069]; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois; Northwestern University; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge support of the National Science Foundation through DMI-0507053 and DMR-1006069. Microscopy in this work was performed, in part, at the EPIC facility of NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. The NUANCE Center is supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. Additional microscopy was performed at NCEM, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1021/nl203259f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100029 PM 22111988 ER PT J AU Maksymovych, P Morozovska, AN Yu, P Eliseev, EA Chu, YH Ramesh, R Baddorf, AP Kalinin, SV AF Maksymovych, Peter Morozovska, Anna N. Yu, Pu Eliseev, Eugene A. Chu, Ying-Hao Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Baddorf, Arthur P. Kalinin, Sergei V. TI Tunable Metallic Conductance in Ferroelectric Nanodomains SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectric; domain wall; MIT; metallic; lead-zirconate; scanning probe microscopy ID THIN-FILMS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DOMAIN-WALLS; ELECTRON-GAS; SRTIO3; INSULATOR; INTERFACE; SURFACE AB Metallic conductance in charged ferroelectric domain walls was predicted more than 40 years ago as the first example of an electronically active homointerface in a nonconductive material. Despite decades of research on oxide interfaces and ferroic systems, the metal-insulator transition induced solely by polarization charges without any additional chemical modification has consistently eluded the experimental realm. Here we show that a localized insulator-metal transition can be repeatedly induced within an insulating ferroelectric lead-zirconate titanate, merely by switching its polarization at the nanoscale. This surprising effect is traced to tilted boundaries of ferroelectric nanodomains, that act as localized homointerfaces within the perovskite lattice, with inherently tunable carrier density. Metallic conductance is unique to nanodomains, while the conductivity of extended domain walls and domain surfaces is thermally activated. Foreseeing future applications, we demonstrate that a continuum of nonvolatile metallic states across decades of conductance can be encoded in the size of ferroelectric nanodomains using electric field. C1 [Maksymovych, Peter; Baddorf, Arthur P.; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Morozovska, Anna N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Morozovska, Anna N.; Eliseev, Eugene A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Yu, Pu; Chu, Ying-Hao; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, Pu; Chu, Ying-Hao; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, Ying-Hao] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. RP Maksymovych, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM maksymovychp@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Yu, Pu/F-1594-2014; Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Maksymovych, Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 FU Division of User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Material synthesis at Berkeley; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH1123] FX Experiments were carried out at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Division of User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. S.V.K. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Material synthesis at Berkeley was partially supported by the SRC-NRI-WINS program as well as by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH1123. NR 35 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 91 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1021/nl203349b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100037 PM 22181709 ER PT J AU Kim, K Artyukhov, VI Regan, W Liu, YY Crommie, MF Yakobson, BI Zettl, A AF Kim, Kwanpyo Artyukhov, Vasilii I. Regan, William Liu, Yuanyue Crommie, M. F. Yakobson, Boris I. Zettl, A. TI Ripping Graphene: Preferred Directions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; crack; tear; crack propagation; graphene edge; grain boundary ID REACTIVE FORCE-FIELD; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANORIBBONS; STRENGTH; FRACTURE; RESONATORS; NANOSCALE; MEMBRANES AB The understanding of crack formation due to applied stress is key to predicting the ultimate mechanical behavior of many solids. Here we present experimental and theoretical studies on cracks or tears in suspended monolayer graphene membranes. Using transmission electron microscopy, we investigate the crystallographic orientations of tears. Edges from mechanically induced ripping exhibit straight lines and are predominantly aligned in the armchair or zigzag directions of the graphene lattice. Electron-beam induced propagation of tears is also observed. Theoretical simulations account for the observed preferred tear directions, attributing the observed effect to an unusual nonmonotonic dependence of graphene edge energy on edge orientation with respect to the lattice. Furthermore, we study the behavior of tears in the vicinity of graphene grain boundaries, where tears surprisingly do not follow but cross grain boundaries. Our study provides significant insights into breakdown mechanisms of graphene in the presence of defective structures such as cracks and grain boundaries. C1 [Artyukhov, Vasilii I.; Liu, Yuanyue; Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Artyukhov, Vasilii I.; Liu, Yuanyue; Yakobson, Boris I.] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kim, Kwanpyo; Regan, William; Crommie, M. F.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Kwanpyo; Regan, William; Crommie, M. F.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Kwanpyo; Regan, William; Crommie, M. F.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yakobson, BI (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, POB 1892, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM biy@rice.edu; azettl@berkeley.edu RI Artyukhov, Vasilii/C-3341-2009; Liu, Yuanyue/C-5763-2008; Kim, Kwanpyo/D-9121-2011; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; OI Artyukhov, Vasilii/0000-0003-0375-5313; Liu, Yuanyue/0000-0002-5880-8649; Kim, Kwanpyo/0000-0001-8497-2330; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Regan, William/0000-0003-0143-9827 FU Office of Energy Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation within the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems [EEC-0832819]; National Science Foundation [0906539]; Office of Naval Research (MURI); Lockheed Martin Corporation (LANCER) FX This research was supported in part by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, which provided for TEM characterizations; by the National Science Foundation within the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems under Grant EEC-0832819, which provided for CVD graphene synthesis; by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0906539, which provided for suspended sample preparation; and by the Office of Naval Research (MURI), which provided for the design of the experiment. W.R acknowledges support through a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Work at Rice was supported by the Office of Naval Research (MURI) and by the Lockheed Martin Corporation (LANCER). NR 35 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1021/nl203547z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100051 PM 22149252 ER PT J AU Pal, BN Ghosh, Y Brovelli, S Laocharoensuk, R Klimov, VI Hollingsworth, JA Htoon, H AF Pal, Bhola N. Ghosh, Yagnaseni Brovelli, Sergio Laocharoensuk, Rawiwan Klimov, Victor I. Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. Htoon, Han TI 'Giant' CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots As Efficient Electroluminescent Materials: Strong Influence of Shell Thickness on Light-Emitting Diode Performance SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Giant nanocrystal quantum dot; core/shell; CdSe/CdS; QD-LED; energy transfer; Auger recombination ID SEMICONDUCTOR-NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRON INJECTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; LAYER; BLINKING; RECOMBINATION; MECHANISM; DEVICES; SOLIDS AB We use a simple device architecture based on a poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PE-DOT:PSS)-coated indium tin oxide anode and a LiF/Al cathode to assess the effects of shell thickness on the properties of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) comprising CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) as the emitting layer. Specifically, we are interested in determining whether LEDs based on thick-shell nanocrystals, so-called "giant" NQDs, afford enhanced performance compared to their counterparts incorporating thin-shell systems. We observe significant improvements in device performance as a function of increasing shell thickness. While the turn-on voltage remains approximately constant for all shell thicknesses (from 4 to 16 CdS monolayers), external quantum efficiency and maximum luminance are found to be about one order of magnitude higher for thicker shell nanocrystals (>= 13 CdS monolayers) compared to thinner shell structures (<9 CdS monolayers). The thickest-shell nanocrystals (16 monolayers of CdS) afforded an external quantum efficiency and luminance of 0.17% and 2000 Cd/m(2), respectively, with a remarkably low turn-on voltage of similar to 3.0 V. C1 [Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Laocharoensuk, Rawiwan; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A.; Htoon, Han] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pal, Bhola N.; Brovelli, Sergio; Klimov, Victor I.; Htoon, Han] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klimov, Victor I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Solar Photophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hollingsworth, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jenn@lanl.gov; htoon@lanl.gov RI Laocharoensuk, Rawiwan/F-5961-2012; Pal, Bhola/D-8835-2013; OI Pal, Bhola/0000-0002-9198-1435; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179; Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896 FU Single Investigator Small Group Research Grant [2009LANL1096]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Office of Science (OS), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences Division of OBES, OS, U.S. DOE FX B.N.P., Y.G., S.B., R.L., and H.H. acknowledge partial support by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program. J.A.H. is partially supported by a Single Investigator Small Group Research Grant (2009LANL1096), Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Office of Science (OS), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). V.I.K. is supported by the Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences Division of OBES, OS, U.S. DOE. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), a U.S. DOE, OBES user facility. The authors are grateful to Donald Werder for his assistance in device fabrication and characterization. NR 44 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 20 U2 209 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1021/nl203620f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100058 PM 22148981 ER PT J AU Widawsky, JR Darancet, P Neaton, JB Venkataraman, L AF Widawsky, Jonathan R. Darancet, Pierre Neaton, Jeffrey B. Venkataraman, Latha TI Simultaneous Determination of Conductance and Thermopower of Single Molecule Junctions SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Molecular thermopower; molecular conductance; density functional theory; single molecule ID ANCHORING GROUPS; THERMOELECTRICITY; HETEROJUNCTIONS; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY; CIRCUITS; LENGTH AB We report the first concurrent determination of conductance (G) and thermopower (S) of single-molecule junctions via direct measurement of electrical and thermoelectric currents using a scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction technique. We explore several amine-Au and pyridine-Au linked molecules that are predicted to conduct through either the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), respectively. We find that the Seebeck coefficient is negative for pyridine-Au linked LUMO-conducting junctions and positive for amine-Au linked HOMO-conducting junctions. Within the accessible temperature gradients (<30 K), we do not observe a strong dependence of the junction Seebeck coefficient on temperature. From histograms of thousands of junctions, we use the most probable Seebeck coefficient to determine a power factor, GS(2), for each junction studied, and find that GS(2) increases with G. Finally, we find that conductance and Seebeck coefficient values are in good quantitative agreement with our self-energy corrected density functional theory calculations. C1 [Darancet, Pierre; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Widawsky, Jonathan R.; Venkataraman, Latha] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. RP Neaton, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbneaton@lbl.gov; lv2117@columbia.edu RI Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135; Venkataraman, Latha/0000-0002-6957-6089 FU EFRC of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0001085]; ACS-PRF; Packard Foundation; Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank M. S. Hybertsen, H. J. Choi, and S. Y. Quek for discussions and S. Berkley for help with measurements. This work was supported in part by the EFRC program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Award No. DE-SC0001085 and the ACS-PRF program. L.V. thanks the Packard Foundation for support. Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry and within the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, and both were supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge NERSC for computing resources. NR 30 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 6 U2 84 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 354 EP 358 DI 10.1021/nl203634m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100062 PM 22128800 ER PT J AU Yang, SY Prendergast, D Neaton, JB AF Yang, Shenyuan Prendergast, David Neaton, Jeffrey B. TI Tuning Semiconductor Band Edge Energies for Solar Photocatalysis via Surface Ligand Passivation SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ligand/semiconductor interface; interface dipole; band edge energy; density functional theory ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; VISIBLE-LIGHT; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; WATER; DEPENDENCE; GROWTH; NANOCLUSTERS; ADSORPTION; MORPHOLOGY AB Semiconductor photocatalysts capable of broadband solar photon absorption may be nonetheless precluded from use in driving water splitting and other solar-to-fuel related reactions due to unfavorable band edge energy alignment. Using first-principles density functional theory and beyond, we calculate the electronic structure of passivated CdSe surfaces and explore the opportunity to tune band edge energies of this and related semiconductors via electrostatic dipoles associated with chemisorbed ligands. We predict substantial shifts in band edge energies originating from both the induced dipole at the ligand/CdSe interface and the intrinsic dipole of the ligand. Building on important induced dipole contributions, we further show that, by changing the size and orientation of the ligand's intrinsic dipole moment via functionalization, we can control the direction and magnitude of the shifts of CdSe electronic levels. Our calculations suggest a general strategy for enabling new active semiconductor photocatalysts with both optimal opto-electronic, and photo- and electrochemical properties. C1 [Yang, Shenyuan; Prendergast, David; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neaton, JB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbneaton@lbl.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015 OI Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed at the Molecular Foundry and within the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, both supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. All calculations were performed on the Nano and Vulcan compute clusters at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and on Franklin at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1021/nl203669k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100067 PM 22192078 ER PT J AU Mullin, SA Stone, GM Teran, AA Hallinan, DT Hexemer, A Balsara, NP AF Mullin, Scott A. Stone, Gregory M. Teran, Alexander A. Hallinan, Daniel T. Hexemer, A. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Current-Induced Formation of Gradient Crystals in Block Copolymer Electrolytes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gradient crystal; block copolymer electrolyte; ionic current; morphological transitions ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; ELECTRIC-FIELD; THIN-FILMS AB Conventional ordered phases such as crystals and liquid crystals have constant domain spacings. In this Letter, we report on the formation of coherently ordered morphologies wherein the domain spacing changes continuously along a specified direction. We have coined the term "gradient crystal" to refer to this structure, a signature of which is a small-angle X-ray scattering pattern that resembles a sundial. Gradient crystals composed of a gyroid morphology form spontaneously when ionic current is driven through a block copolymer electrolyte. We propose that this structure forms because it allows for a continuous change in domain spacing without requiring the introduction of defects. Previous studies have shown that applied electric fields ranging from 1000 to 40 000 V/mm can induce long-range structural order, alignment, and morphological transitions in block copolymers. Gradient crystals form under applied electric fields as low as 2.5 V/mm due to the presence of direct ionic currents that are absent in the aforementioned studies. C1 [Mullin, Scott A.; Stone, Gregory M.; Teran, Alexander A.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mullin, Scott A.; Teran, Alexander A.; Hallinan, Daniel T.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stone, Gregory M.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hexemer, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Hallinan, Daniel/0000-0002-3819-0992 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation; Tyco Electronics Fellowship FX The work of S.M., D.H., and A.T. was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. G.S. was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this work were carried out at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additional support for AT. and S.M. was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and a Tyco Electronics Fellowship, respectively. We acknowledge E. Schaible and C. Wang for beam-line support and M. Tang for instructive conversations. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 464 EP 468 DI 10.1021/nl203826s PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100081 PM 22191995 ER PT J AU Thorkelsson, K Mastroianni, AJ Ercius, P Xu, T AF Thorkelsson, Kari Mastroianni, Alexander J. Ercius, Peter Xu, Ting TI Direct Nanorod Assembly Using Block Copolymer-Based Supramolecules SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanorod assembly; block copolymer-based supramolecule; nanocomposites; nanorods ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; GOLD NANORODS; FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS; POLYMER COMPOSITES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; LENGTH SCALES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS AB Developing routes to control the organization of one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as nanorods, with high precision is critical to generate functional materials since the collective properties depend on their spatial arrangements, interparticle ordering, and macroscopic alignment. We have systematically investigated the coassemblies of nanorods and block copolymer (BCP)-based supramolecules and showed that the energetic contributions from nanorod ligand polymer interactions, polymer chain deformation, and rod rod interactions are comparable and can be tailored to disperse nanorods with control over inter-rod ordering and the alignment of nanorods within BCP microdomains. By varying the supramolecular morphology and chemical nature of the nanorods, two highly sought-after morphologies, that is, nanoscopic networks of nanorods and nanorod arrays parallel to cylindrical BCP microdomains can be obtained. The supramolecular approach can be applied to achieve morphological control in nanorod-containing nanocomposites toward fabrication of optical and electronic nanodevices. C1 [Thorkelsson, Kari; Mastroianni, Alexander J.; Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ercius, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tingxu@berkeley.edu FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors wish to thank J. Baker and P. Alivisatos for helpful assistance with nanorod synthesis; J. Millstone for providing nanorods for initial exploration; M. Boese for assistance in the collection of data for the tomography featured in Figure 3. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. SAXS experiments were carried out at beamline 7.3.3 at the Advanced Light Source. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. TEM tomography was performed at NCEM, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 62 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 131 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 498 EP 504 DI 10.1021/nl2040089 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100087 PM 22188307 ER PT J AU Ruzmetov, D Oleshko, VP Haney, PM Lezec, HJ Karki, K Baloch, KH Agrawal, AK Davydov, AV Krylyuk, S Liu, Y Huang, JY Tanase, M Cumings, J Talin, AA AF Ruzmetov, Dmitry Oleshko, Vladimir P. Haney, Paul M. Lezec, Henri J. Karki, Khim Baloch, Kamal H. Agrawal, Amit K. Davydov, Albert V. Krylyuk, Sergiy Liu, Yang Huang, Jian Y. Tanase, Mihaela Cumings, John Talin, A. Alec TI Electrolyte Stability Determines Scaling Limits for Solid-State 3D Li Ion Batteries SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Lithium ion battery; nanowire; nanobattery; in situ transmission electron microscopy; electrolyte; breakdown; space-charge limited conduction ID THIN-FILM LITHIUM; ARCHITECTURES; SENSOR; MEMS AB Rechargeable, all-solid-state Li ion batteries (LIBs) with high specific capacity and small footprint are highly desirable to power an emerging class of miniature, autonomous microsystems that operate without a hardwire for power or communications. A variety of three-dimensional (3D) LIB architectures that maximize areal energy density has been proposed to address this need. The success of all of these designs depends on an ultrathin, conformal electrolyte layer to electrically isolate the anode and cathode while allowing Li ions to pass through. However, we find that a substantial reduction in the electrolyte thickness, into the nanometer regime, can lead to rapid self-discharge of the battery even when the electrolyte layer is conformal and pinhole free. We demonstrate this by fabricating individual, solid-state nanowire core-multishell LEBs (NWLIBs) and cycling these inside a transmission electron microscope. For nanobatteries with the thinnest electrolyte, approximate to 110 nm, we observe rapid self-discharge, along with void formation at the electrode/electrolyte interface, indicating electrical and chemical breakdown. With electrolyte thickness increased to 180 nm, the self-discharge rate is reduced substantially, and the NWLIBs maintain a potential above 2 V for over 2 h. Analysis of the nanobatteries' electrical characteristics reveals space-charge limited electronic conduction, which effectively shorts the anode and cathode electrodes directly through the electrolyte. Our study illustrates that, at these nanoscale dimensions, the increased electric field can lead to large electronic current in the electrolyte, effectively shorting the battery. The scaling of this phenomenon provides useful guidelines for the future design of 3D LIBs. C1 [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Haney, Paul M.; Lezec, Henri J.; Agrawal, Amit K.; Tanase, Mihaela; Talin, A. Alec] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Davydov, Albert V.; Krylyuk, Sergiy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Agrawal, Amit K.; Krylyuk, Sergiy; Tanase, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Karki, Khim; Baloch, Kamal H.; Cumings, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Yang; Huang, Jian Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM atalin@nist.gov RI Karki, Khim/B-2271-2012; Liu, Yang/C-9576-2012; Cumings, John/A-3595-2012; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Karki, Khim/0000-0002-0999-3964; Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603; Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]; Office of Energy Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DESC0005456]; Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160] FX We thank Todd Brintlinger of NRL for providing the patterned Si3N4 membranes used for the in situ TEM experiments. D.R. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. V.O. acknowledges support by National Institute of Standards and Technology (contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814). K.H.B. was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DESC0005456. K.K. and J.C. were supported by Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0001160. Part of this work was performed at the Sandia-Los Alamos Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), a U.S. DOE, Office of BES user facility. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 10 U2 161 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 12 IS 1 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1021/nl204047z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 874GJ UT WOS:000298943100088 PM 22185512 ER PT J AU Gutes, A Hsia, B Sussman, A Mickelson, W Zettl, A Carraro, C Maboudian, R AF Gutes, Albert Hsia, Ben Sussman, Allen Mickelson, Willi Zettl, Alex Carraro, Carlo Maboudian, Roya TI Graphene decoration with metal nanoparticles: Towards easy integration for sensing applications SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID FILMS; SENSORS; HYBRIDS AB A simple and versatile method for the decoration of CVD grown graphene with metal nanoparticles is presented. The mechanism of nanoparticle formation is galvanic displacement resulting in physically adsorbed clusters. The single layer graphene obtained by this method can be easily transferred. Integration onto a gas sensing transducer is presented as proof of concept. C1 [Gutes, Albert; Hsia, Ben; Carraro, Carlo; Maboudian, Roya] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sussman, Allen; Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gutes, Albert; Sussman, Allen; Mickelson, Willi; Zettl, Alex; Maboudian, Roya] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maboudian, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM maboudia@berkeley.edu RI Gutes, Albert/B-7435-2011; Mickelson, Willi/D-8813-2013; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Mickelson, Willi/0000-0002-6398-6212; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU National Science Foundation (Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems) [EEC-0832819]; Siemens CKI; Office of Naval Research MURI [N00014-09-1-1066]; [CMMI-0825531] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation under Grant# EEC-0832819 (Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems) and CMMI-0825531 and Siemens CKI. AZ acknowledges support from the Office of Naval Research MURI program under Grant N00014-09-1-1066, which provided gas delivery instrumentation. NR 18 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 76 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 2 BP 438 EP 440 DI 10.1039/c1nr11537e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 873AZ UT WOS:000298854300017 PM 22147241 ER PT J AU Morrison, H de Boer, G Feingold, G Harrington, J Shupe, MD Sulia, K AF Morrison, Hugh de Boer, Gijs Feingold, Graham Harrington, Jerry Shupe, Matthew D. Sulia, Kara TI Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Review ID SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-ICE; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BEAUFORT SEA; TEMPERATURE; AEROSOL AB The Arctic region is particularly sensitive to climate change. Mixed-phase clouds, comprising both ice and supercooled liquid water, have a large impact on radiative fluxes in the Arctic. These clouds occur frequently during all seasons in the region, where they often persist for many days at a time. This persistence is remarkable given the inherent instability of ice-liquid mixtures. In recent years it has emerged that feedbacks between numerous local processes, including the formation and growth of ice and cloud droplets, radiative cooling, turbulence, entrainment and surface fluxes of heat and moisture, interact to create a resilient mixed-phase cloud system. As well as the persistent mixed-phase cloud state there is another distinct Arctic state, characterized by radiatively clear conditions. The occurrence of either state seems to be related, in part, to large-scale environmental conditions. We suggest that shifts in the large-scale environment could alter the prevalence of mixed-phase clouds, potentially affecting surface radiative fluxes and the Arctic energy budget. C1 [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [de Boer, Gijs] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Harrington, Jerry; Sulia, Kara] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [de Boer, Gijs; Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Univ Colorado Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Morrison, H (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM morrison@ucar.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; FU NOAA [NA08OAR4310543]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-08ER64574, DE-FG02-05ER63965, DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes [ATM-0425247]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. DOEnergy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE [DE-SC0002037]; NOAA's Climate Goal; NSF ARC [1023366]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0639542, AGS-0951807]; DOE's Office of Science FX Comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript by A. Gettelman, J. Kay and N. Johnson are appreciated. H.M. was partially supported by NOAA grant NA08OAR4310543, U.S. DOE DE-FG02-08ER64574, and the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes, managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. G.B. was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. DOEnergy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Climate and Earth System Modeling Program. G.F. was supported by DOE grant DE-SC0002037 and NOAA's Climate Goal. M.S. was supported by U.S. DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER63965 and NSF ARC 1023366. J.H. and K.S. were supported by NSF grant ATM-0639542 and grant AGS-0951807. J. H. received partial support through U.S. DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER64058. K.S. was also partially supported by an award from the DOE's Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program. We thank D. Fisher (NOAA) for assistance in drafting Fig. 3, and E. Edelson and the LBNL EETD computing team for their help in setting up a project wiki. Data for constructing Fig. 4 were obtained from the SHEBA Atmospheric Surface Flux Group. LBNL is managed by the University of California under U.S. DOE grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 99 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 8 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1038/NGEO1332 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 866WT UT WOS:000298417600009 ER PT J AU Ganne, J De Andrade, V Weinberg, RF Vidal, O Dubacq, B Kagambega, N Naba, S Baratoux, L Jessell, M Allibon, J AF Ganne, J. De Andrade, V. Weinberg, R. F. Vidal, O. Dubacq, B. Kagambega, N. Naba, S. Baratoux, L. Jessell, M. Allibon, J. TI Modern-style plate subduction preserved in the Palaeoproterozoic West African craton SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM EXPERIMENTS; NATURAL PELITIC ASSEMBLAGES; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; SOUTH-AFRICA; TECTONICS; GA; BLUESCHISTS; GRANITOIDS; ECLOGITES; EVOLUTION AB The timing of onset of modern-style plate tectonics is debated. The apparent lack of blueschist metamorphism(1)-a key indicator of modern plate subduction(2)-in rocks aged more than about 1 billion years calls into question the existence of plate tectonics during the Archaean and Palaeoproterozoic eras(3,4). Instead, plate tectonics and subduction could have either not occurred at that time(5), or could have proceeded differently(6) owing to warmer conditions in the early Earth mantle(7). Here we use thermodynamic models(8-10) to investigate the formation conditions of metamorphic minerals in the 2.2-2.0 Gyr old West African metamorphic province. We find a record of blueschist metamorphism in these rocks. We show that minerals such as chlorite and phengite formed at high pressures of 10-12 kbar, low temperatures of 400-450 degrees C and under a geothermal gradient of 10-12 degrees C km(-1). These conditions are typical of modern subduction zones. We therefore suggest that modern-style plate tectonics existed during the Palaeoproterozoic era. We conclude that ancient blueschist metamorphism may exist in other parts of the world, but the identification of these rocks has so far been hampered by methodological problems associated with deciphering their pressure and temperature evolution. C1 [Ganne, J.; Baratoux, L.; Jessell, M.] Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, UR 234, GET, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [De Andrade, V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, SRX Beamline, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [De Andrade, V.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Weinberg, R. F.] Monash Univ, Sch Geosci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Vidal, O.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. [Dubacq, B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Kagambega, N.; Naba, S.] Univ Ouagadougou, Dept Geosci, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso. [Allibon, J.] Univ Lausanne, Dept Mineral & Geochem, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Ganne, J (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, UR 234, GET, 14 Ave Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM jerome.ganne@ird.fr RI vidal, olivier/E-7285-2012; Jessell, Mark/H-5132-2014; Baratoux, Lenka/J-6956-2014 OI jessell, mark/0000-0002-0375-7311; Dubacq, Benoit/0000-0001-6927-0656; weinberg, roberto/0000-0001-9420-8918; FU IRD; INSU-CNRS FX The project was financially supported by IRD and INSU-CNRS. We thank the ID21 beamline staff at the ESRF for providing us with beam time that supported our calculations by in situ measurements. We also acknowledge the team of the AMIRA P934 project for logistic support in Burkina Faso. B. Goscombe, D. Chardon and J.-L. Bouchez are thanked for comments and discussions. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 36 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1038/NGEO1321 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 866WT UT WOS:000298417600019 ER PT J AU Ciais, P Tagliabue, A Cuntz, M Bopp, L Scholze, M Hoffmann, G Lourantou, A Harrison, SP Prentice, IC Kelley, DI Koven, C Piao, SL AF Ciais, P. Tagliabue, A. Cuntz, M. Bopp, L. Scholze, M. Hoffmann, G. Lourantou, A. Harrison, S. P. Prentice, I. C. Kelley, D. I. Koven, C. Piao, S. L. TI Large inert carbon pool in the terrestrial biosphere during the Last Glacial Maximum SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL VEGETATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE-AGE; STORAGE; MODEL; CYCLE; MIDHOLOCENE; CIRCULATION; STOCKS AB During each of the late Pleistocene glacial-interglacial transitions, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rose by almost 100 ppm. The sources of this carbon are unclear, and efforts to identify them are hampered by uncertainties in the magnitude of carbon reservoirs and fluxes under glacial conditions. Here we use oxygen isotope measurements from air trapped in ice cores and ocean carbon-cycle modelling to estimate terrestrial and oceanic gross primary productivity during the Last Glacial Maximum. We find that the rate of gross terrestrial primary production during the Last Glacial Maximum was about 40 +/- 10 Pg C yr(-1), half that of the pre-industrial Holocene. Despite the low levels of photosynthesis, we estimate that the late glacial terrestrial biosphere contained only 330 Pg less carbon than pre-industrial levels. We infer that the area covered by carbon-rich but unproductive biomes such as tundra and cold steppes was significantly larger during the Last Glacial Maximum, consistent with palaeoecological data. Our data also indicate the presence of an inert carbon pool of 2,300 Pg C, about 700 Pg larger than the inert carbon locked in permafrost today. We suggest that the disappearance of this carbon pool at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum may have contributed to the deglacial rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. C1 [Ciais, P.; Tagliabue, A.; Bopp, L.; Hoffmann, G.; Lourantou, A.; Koven, C.] CE Orme Merisiers, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cuntz, M.] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Cuntz, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Scholze, M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Earth Sci, Bristol BS8 1RJ, Avon, England. [Harrison, S. P.; Prentice, I. C.; Kelley, D. I.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Harrison, S. P.; Kelley, D. I.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Prentice, I. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst Climate Change, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Prentice, I. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ciais, P (reprint author), CE Orme Merisiers, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM philippe.ciais@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Scholze, Marko/N-4573-2014; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; OI Tagliabue, Alessandro/0000-0002-3572-3634; Scholze, Marko/0000-0002-3474-5938; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Kelley, Douglas/0000-0003-1413-4969; Harrison, Sandy/0000-0001-5687-1903 FU CEA; CNRS; EU [EVK2-CT-2002-00153]; Programme National d'Etude de la Dynamique du Climat (PNEDC) FX The authors wish to thank J-C. Duplessy for his comments on an early version of the manuscript, and M. H. Woillez for initial discussions about LGM carbon stocks. The PMIP2/MOTIF Data Archive is supported by CEA, CNRS, the EU project MOTIF (EVK2-CT-2002-00153) and the Programme National d'Etude de la Dynamique du Climat (PNEDC). The analyses were carried out using version 08-01-2009 of the database. More information is available at http://pmip2.lsce.ipsl.fr/ and http://motif.lsce.ipsl.fr/. NR 54 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 93 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 5 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 DI 10.1038/NGEO1324 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 866WT UT WOS:000298417600021 ER PT J AU Palomba, S Zhang, S Park, Y Bartal, G Yin, XB Zhang, X AF Palomba, Stefano Zhang, Shuang Park, Yongshik Bartal, Guy Yin, Xiaobo Zhang, Xiang TI Optical negative refraction by four-wave mixing in thin metallic nanostructures SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INDEX; METAMATERIALS; PHASE; SUPERLENS; LIGHT; LENS AB The law of refraction first derived by Snellius and later introduced as the Huygens-Fermat principle(1), states that the incidence and refracted angles of a light wave at the interface of two different materials are related to the ratio of the refractive indices in each medium. Whereas all natural materials have a positive refractive index and therefore exhibit refraction in the positive direction, artificially engineered negative index metamaterials have been shown capable of bending light waves negatively(2-8). Such a negative refractive index is the key to achieving a perfect lens that is capable of imaging well below the diffraction limit(9-11). However, negative index metamaterials are typically lossy, narrow band, and require complicated fabrication processes. Recently, an alternative approach to obtain negative refraction from a very thin nonlinear film has been proposed(12,13) and experimentally demonstrated in the microwave region(14-16). However, such approaches use phase conjugation, which makes optical implementations difficult. Here, we report a simple but different scheme to demonstrate experimentally nonlinear negative refraction at optical frequencies using four-wave mixing in nanostructured metal films. The refractive index can be designed at will by simply tuning the wavelengths of the interacting waves, which could have potential impact on many important applications, such as superlens imaging. C1 [Palomba, Stefano; Zhang, Shuang; Park, Yongshik; Bartal, Guy; Yin, Xiaobo; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Shuang] Univ Birmingham, Dept Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Bartal, Guy] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Yin, Xiaobo; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Palomba, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Yin, Xiaobo/A-4142-2011; zhang, shuang/G-5224-2011; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011 FU US Army Research Office [MURI W911NF-09-1-0539] FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the US Army Research Office (MURI W911NF-09-1-0539). NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 8 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 34 EP 38 DI 10.1038/NMAT3148 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 866TK UT WOS:000298406500017 PM 22037671 ER PT J AU Zavala-Rivera, P Channon, K Nguyen, V Sivaniah, E Kabra, D Friend, RH Nataraj, SK Al-Muhtaseb, SA Hexemer, A Calvo, ME Miguez, H AF Zavala-Rivera, Paul Channon, Kevin Nguyen, Vincent Sivaniah, Easan Kabra, Dinesh Friend, Richard H. Nataraj, S. K. Al-Muhtaseb, Shaheen A. Hexemer, Alexander Calvo, Mauricio E. Miguez, Hernan TI Collective osmotic shock in ordered materials SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER; THIN-FILMS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; MEMBRANES; POLYSTYRENE; FABRICATION; PRECURSORS; FILTRATION AB Osmotic shock in a vesicle or cell is the stress build-up and subsequent rupture of the phospholipid membrane that occurs when a relatively high concentration of salt is unable to cross the membrane and instead an inflow of water alleviates the salt concentration gradient. This is a well-known failure mechanism for cells and vesicles (for example, hypotonic shock) and metal alloys (for example, hydrogen embrittlement)(1-3). We propose the concept of collective osmotic shock, whereby a coordinated explosive fracture resulting from multiplexing the singular effects of osmotic shock at discrete sites within an ordered material results in regular bicontinuous structures. The concept is demonstrated here using self-assembled block copolymer micelles, yet it is applicable to organized heterogeneous materials where a minority component can be selectively degraded and solvated whilst ensconced in a matrix capable of plastic deformation. We discuss the application of these self-supported, perforated multilayer materials in photonics, nanofiltration and optoelectronics. C1 [Kabra, Dinesh; Friend, Richard H.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Optoelect Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Nataraj, S. K.; Al-Muhtaseb, Shaheen A.] Qatar Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Doha, Qatar. [Hexemer, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Calvo, Mauricio E.; Miguez, Hernan] US, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain. RP Zavala-Rivera, P (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Optoelect Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM es10009@cam.ac.uk RI KABRA, DINESH/C-9724-2011; Miguez, Hernan/B-8881-2011; Fan, Yin/G-2594-2011; Calvo, Mauricio/E-6694-2011; Zavala-Rivera, Paul/B-8396-2016 OI Al-Muhtaseb, Shaheen/0000-0002-9240-930X; Sanna Kotrappanavar, Nataraj/0000-0002-5297-0741; S K, Nataraj/0000-0002-1489-8312; Miguez, Hernan/0000-0003-2925-6360; Calvo, Mauricio/0000-0002-1721-7260; Zavala-Rivera, Paul/0000-0002-2390-2344 FU Qatar Foundation (QNRF); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog a (CONACyT); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Consolider HOPE); Government of Andalucia FX We would like to acknowledge S. Vignolini, C. Wang (beamline 11.0.1.2, LBNL), S. Alvarez, C. Lopez and Q. Song, and the insightful comments of U. Steiner and E. J. Kramer. This work was funded by the Qatar Foundation (QNRF), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog a (CONACyT), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Consolider HOPE) and the Government of Andalucia. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 102 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1038/NMAT3179 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 866TK UT WOS:000298406500021 PM 22120413 ER PT J AU Dziarmaga, J Zurek, WH Zwolak, M AF Dziarmaga, Jacek Zurek, Wojciech H. Zwolak, Michael TI Non-local quantum superpositions of topological defects SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS; PHASE-TRANSITION; TRAPPED IONS; DECOHERENCE; STRINGS AB Topological defects, such as monopoles, vortex lines or domain walls, mark locations where disparate choices of a broken-symmetry vacuum elsewhere in the system lead to irreconcilable differences(1,2). They are energetically costly (the energy density in their core reaches that of the prior symmetric vacuum) but topologically stable (the whole manifold would have to be rearranged to get rid of the defect). Here we show how, in a paradigmatic model of a quantum phase transition, a topological defect can be put in a non-local superposition, so that-in a region large compared with the size of its core-the order parameter of the system is 'undecided' by being in a quantum superposition of conflicting choices of the broken symmetry. We dub such a topological Schrodinger-cat state a 'Schrodinger kink', and devise a version of a double-slit experiment suitable for topological defects to describe one possible manifestation of the phenomenon. Coherence detectable in such experiments will be suppressed as a consequence of interaction with the environment. We analyse the environment-induced decoherence and discuss its role in symmetry breaking. C1 [Dziarmaga, Jacek; Zurek, Wojciech H.; Zwolak, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dziarmaga, Jacek] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Dziarmaga, Jacek] Jagiellonian Univ, Ctr Complex Syst Res, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Zwolak, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM whzurek@gmail.com RI Zwolak, Michael/G-2932-2013 OI Zwolak, Michael/0000-0001-6443-7816 FU US Department of Energy through LANL/LDRD; Polish Government [N202 124736] FX This research is supported by the US Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program (W.H.Z. and M.Z.) and by the Polish Government research project N202 124736 (J.D.). NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866YV UT WOS:000298423000014 ER PT J AU Lee, JCT Yuan, S Lal, S Il Joe, Y Gan, Y Smadici, S Finkelstein, K Feng, YJ Rusydi, A Goldbart, PM Cooper, SL Abbamonte, P AF Lee, James C. T. Yuan, Shi Lal, Siddhartha Il Joe, Young Gan, Yu Smadici, Serban Finkelstein, Ken Feng, Yejun Rusydi, Andrivo Goldbart, Paul M. Cooper, S. Lance Abbamonte, Peter TI Two-stage orbital order and dynamical spin frustration in KCuF3 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHYSICS AB The orbital degree of freedom is integral to many exotic phenomena in condensed matter, including colossal magneto-resistance and unconventional superconductivity. The standard model of orbital physics is the Kugel-Khomskii model(1), which first explained the symmetry of orbital and magnetic order in KCuF3 and has since been applied to virtually all orbitally active materials(2). Here we present Raman and X-ray scattering measurements showing that KCuF3 exhibits a previously unidentified structural phase transition at T = 50 K, involving rotations of the CuF6 octahedra. These rotations are quasi-ordered and exhibit glassy hysteresis, but serve to stabilize Neel spin order at T = 39 K. We propose an explanation for these effects by supplementing the Kugel-Khomskii model with a direct, orbital exchange term that is driven by a combination of electron-electron interactions and ligand distortions(3). The effect of this term is to create a near degeneracy that dynamically frustrates the spin subsystem but is lifted at low temperature by subdominant, orbital-lattice interactions. Our results suggest that direct orbital exchange may be crucial for the physics of many orbitally active materials, including manganites, ruthenates and the iron pnictides. C1 [Lee, James C. T.; Yuan, Shi; Lal, Siddhartha; Il Joe, Young; Gan, Yu; Smadici, Serban; Goldbart, Paul M.; Cooper, S. Lance; Abbamonte, Peter] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lee, James C. T.; Yuan, Shi; Lal, Siddhartha; Il Joe, Young; Gan, Yu; Smadici, Serban; Goldbart, Paul M.; Cooper, S. Lance; Abbamonte, Peter] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lal, Siddhartha; Goldbart, Paul M.] Univ Illinois, Inst Condensed Matter Theory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Finkelstein, Ken] Cornell Univ, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Feng, Yejun] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rusydi, Andrivo] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore. RP Cooper, SL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM slcooper@illinois.edu; abbamonte@mrl.illinois.edu RI Lal, Siddhartha/A-1414-2013; Feng, Yejun/A-5417-2009; Rusydi, Andrivo/I-1849-2016 OI Feng, Yejun/0000-0003-3667-056X; FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-06ER46285]; NSLS [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0822838, DMR-0225180]; Department of Science and Technology, Government of India; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We gratefully acknowledge discussions with D. I. Khomskii, M. V. Mostovoy, A. J. Millis, A. K. Sood and H. R. Krishnamurthy. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy through grant DE-FG02-07ER46453, with soft-X-ray studies supported by DE-FG02-06ER46285. The Advanced Photon Source was supported by DE-AC02-06CH11357 and the NSLS by DE-AC02-98CH10886. CHESS and ChemMatCARS are supported by National Science Foundation grants CHE-0822838 and DMR-0225180, respectively. S.L. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, through a Ramanujam Fellowship. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 46 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866YV UT WOS:000298423000017 ER PT J AU Balke, N Winchester, B Ren, W Chu, YH Morozovska, AN Eliseev, EA Huijben, M Vasudevan, RK Maksymovych, P Britson, J Jesse, S Kornev, I Ramesh, R Bellaiche, L Chen, LQ Kalinin, SV AF Balke, Nina Winchester, Benjamin Ren, Wei Chu, Ying Hao Morozovska, Anna N. Eliseev, Eugene A. Huijben, Mark Vasudevan, Rama K. Maksymovych, Petro Britson, Jason Jesse, Stephen Kornev, Igor Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Bellaiche, Laurent Chen, Long Qing Kalinin, Sergei V. TI Enhanced electric conductivity at ferroelectric vortex cores in BiFeO3 SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL BATIO3; IMPROPER FERROELECTRICS; DOMAIN-WALLS; BOUNDARIES; ARRAYS; MOTION; FILMS AB Topological defects in ferroic materials are attracting much attention both as a playground of unique physical phenomena and for potential applications in reconfigurable electronic devices. Here, we explore electronic transport at artificially created ferroelectric vortices in BiFeO3 thin films. The creation of one-dimensional conductive channels activated at voltages as low as 1V is demonstrated. We study the electronic as well as the static and dynamic polarization structure of several topological defects using a combination of first-principles and phase-field modelling. The modelling predicts that the core structure can undergo a reversible transformation into a metastable twist structure, extending charged domain walls segments through the film thickness. The vortex core is therefore a dynamic conductor controlled by the coupled response of polarization and electron-mobile-vacancy subsystems with external bias. This controlled creation of conductive one-dimensional channels suggests a pathway for the design and implementation of integrated oxide electronic devices based on domain patterning. C1 [Balke, Nina; Maksymovych, Petro; Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Winchester, Benjamin; Britson, Jason; Chen, Long Qing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ren, Wei; Bellaiche, Laurent] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Ren, Wei; Bellaiche, Laurent] Univ Arkansas, Inst Nanosci & Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Chu, Ying Hao] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Chu, Ying Hao; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, Ying Hao; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Morozovska, Anna N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine. [Eliseev, Eugene A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Huijben, Mark] Univ Twente, Inst Nanotechnol, Fac Sci & Technol, MESA, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Vasudevan, Rama K.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Kornev, Igor] Ecole Cent Paris, Lab Struct Proprietes & Modelisat Solides, CNRS, UMR 8580, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. RP Balke, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM n2b@ornl.gov; sergei2@ornl.gov RI Ren, Wei/D-2081-2009; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; Balke, Nina/Q-2505-2015; Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Kornev, Igor/H-6918-2016; Vasudevan, Rama/Q-2530-2015 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; Balke, Nina/0000-0001-5865-5892; Maksymovych, Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Vasudevan, Rama/0000-0003-4692-8579 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Division of Scientific User Facilities; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy, Basic Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46417]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [ER-46612]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1066158, DMR-0701558, 0722625]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0384, N00014-08-1-0915, N00014-07-1-0825]; US Department of Defense; National Science Council, Republic of China [NSC-100-2811-M-009-003]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) FX Experiments were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Support was provided by the Division of Scientific User Facilities (N.B.) and by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (S.V.K.) of the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences. B.W., J.B. and L.Q.C. are supported by US Department of Energy, Basic Sciences, under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46417. L.B. thanks mostly support from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract ER-46612. L.B. also thanks the National Science Foundation grants DMR-1066158 and DMR-0701558, and Office of Naval Research grants N00014-11-1-0384, N00014-08-1-0915 and N00014-07-1-0825. Some computations were also made possible thanks to the National Science Foundation grant 0722625 and a challenge grant from the US Department of Defense. Y.H.C. acknowledges the support of the National Science Council, Republic of China, under contract NSC-100-2811-M-009-003. M.H. acknowledges support by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) through a VENI grant. NR 45 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 14 U2 225 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 866YV UT WOS:000298423000021 ER PT J AU Shen, H He, XZ Poovaiah, CR Wuddineh, WA Ma, JY Mann, DGJ Wang, HZ Jackson, L Tang, YH Stewart, CN Chen, F Dixon, RA AF Shen, Hui He, Xianzhi Poovaiah, Charleson R. Wuddineh, Wegi A. Ma, Junying Mann, David G. J. Wang, Huanzhong Jackson, Lisa Tang, Yuhong Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. Chen, Fang Dixon, Richard A. TI Functional characterization of the switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) R2R3-MYB transcription factor PvMYB4 for improvement of lignocellulosic feedstocks SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE bioethanol; cell wall recalcitrance; lignin; MYB transcription factor; transgenic switchgrass ID LIGNIN BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; CELL-WALL FORMATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; DOWN-REGULATION; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES AB The major obstacle for bioenergy production from switchgrass biomass is the low saccharification efficiency caused by cell wall recalcitrance. Saccharification efficiency is negatively correlated with both lignin content and cell wall ester-linked p-coumarate: ferulate (p-CA : FA) ratio. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized an R2R3-MYB transcription factor from switchgrass and evaluated its potential for developing lignocellulosic feedstocks. The switchgrass PvMYB4 cDNAs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, yeast, tobacco and switchgrass for functional characterization. Analyses included determination of phylogenetic relations, in situ hybridization, electrophoretic mobility shift assays to determine binding sites in target promoters, and protoplast transactivation assays to demonstrate domains active on target promoters. PvMYB4 binds to the AC-I, AC-II and AC-III elements of monolignol pathway genes and down-regulates these genes in vivo. Ectopic overexpression of PvMYB4 in transgenic switchgrass resulted in reduced lignin content and ester-linked p-CA : FA ratio, reduced plant stature, increased tillering and an approx. threefold increase in sugar release efficiency from cell wall residues. We describe an alternative strategy for reducing recalcitrance in switchgrass by manipulating the expression of a key transcription factor instead of a lignin biosynthetic gene. PvMYB4-OX transgenic switchgrass lines can be used as potential germplasm for improvement of lignocellulosic feedstocks and provide a platform for further understanding gene regulatory networks underlying switchgrass cell wall recalcitrance. C1 [Shen, Hui; He, Xianzhi; Ma, Junying; Wang, Huanzhong; Jackson, Lisa; Tang, Yuhong; Chen, Fang; Dixon, Richard A.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Poovaiah, Charleson R.; Wuddineh, Wegi A.; Mann, David G. J.; Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shen, Hui; Poovaiah, Charleson R.; Wuddineh, Wegi A.; Ma, Junying; Mann, David G. J.; Jackson, Lisa; Tang, Yuhong; Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.; Chen, Fang; Dixon, Richard A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr BESC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dixon, RA (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM radixon@noble.org RI Poovaiah, Charleson/C-6777-2012; OI Poovaiah, Charleson/0000-0001-7157-5176 FU BioEnergy Science Center, a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center, through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX We thank Dr Jin Nakashima for assistance with cell imaging, Dr Mohamed Bedair for GC-MS analysis, Dr Guifen Li, Jason N. Burris, and Ellen Reeves for assistance with switchgrass tissue culture and transformation, and Drs Qiao Zhao and Cheol-Min Yoo for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the BioEnergy Science Center, a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center, through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. NR 77 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 5 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 193 IS 1 BP 121 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03922.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 865HC UT WOS:000298300800016 PM 21988539 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Hutchens, GJ AF Ramsey, Scott D. Hutchens, Gregory J. TI Approximate Solution and Application of the Survival Probability Diffusion Equation SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; SPHERE AB While stochastic neutron transport theories have been developed in rigorous detail, many applications have historically been investigated using the point-kinetics formulation. In this work we develop a space-dependent model using the diffusion approximation to the Pal-Bell probability generating function equation, resulting in a nonlinear analog of the conventional time-dependent neutron diffusion equation. We investigate a variety of approximate solutions for the time- and space-dependent survival probability in one-dimensional symmetric, one-speed, isotropic, delayed neutron precursor-free systems, and compare them to counterpart point-kinetics results. Following the theoretical developments, we apply the new results in the context of a criticality accident scenario, from which the importance of spatial effects is revealed. C1 [Ramsey, Scott D.; Hutchens, Gregory J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ramsey, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Computat Phys Div, MS F644, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ramsey@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors thank M.M.R. Williams of Imperial College for valuable insight on these topics. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 EI 1943-748X J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 170 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 875WZ UT WOS:000299067200001 ER PT J AU Gu, JQ Singh, R Azad, AK Han, JG Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF Zhang, WL AF Gu, Jianqiang Singh, Ranjan Azad, Abul. K. Han, Jiaguang Taylor, Antoinette J. O'Hara, John F. Zhang, Weili TI An active hybrid plasmonic metamaterial SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; CHANNEL DROP FILTERS; TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS; TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; HOLE ARRAYS; THIN; POLARIZATION; METAL AB We demonstrate an engineered composite film that dynamically switches resonant transmission behavior of terahertz radiation from band-stop to band-pass under appropriate optical pumping. In the absence of pumping, a resonant band-stop behavior is observed arising from metallic split-ring-resonators fabricated on an epitaxial silicon film that was already patterned into a periodic hole-array. Pumping with external infrared light, the silicon film becomes quasi-metallic, damping the planar metamaterial response and enabling a band-pass surface-plasmon resonance through the now conducting hole array. By leveraging two separate types of electromagnetic behaviors simultaneously, this composite chip paves a way for developing unique hybrid planar metamaterials. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Gu, Jianqiang; Han, Jiaguang; Zhang, Weili] Tianjin Univ, Ctr Terahertz Waves, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Gu, Jianqiang; Han, Jiaguang; Zhang, Weili] Tianjin Univ, Coll Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Gu, Jianqiang; Han, Jiaguang; Zhang, Weili] Minist Educ, Key Lab Optoelect Informat & Technol, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Gu, Jianqiang; Singh, Ranjan; O'Hara, John F.; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Singh, Ranjan; Azad, Abul. K.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gu, JQ (reprint author), Tianjin Univ, Ctr Terahertz Waves, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. EM weili.zhang@okstate.edu RI Singh, Ranjan/B-4091-2010; Zhang, Weili/C-5416-2011 OI Singh, Ranjan/0000-0001-8068-7428; Zhang, Weili/0000-0002-8591-0200 FU National Science Foundation of China [61138001, 61028011, 61007034, 61107053]; U.S. National Science Foundation; LDRD; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61138001, 61028011, 61007034, and 61107053) and the U.S. National Science Foundation. The Los Alamos team gratefully acknowledges the LDRD Program and the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies for partially supporting this work. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 18 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 875RA UT WOS:000299050700005 ER PT J AU Sparrowe, D Latini, G Bird, M Stingelin, N AF Sparrowe, David Latini, Gianluca Bird, Matt Stingelin, Natalie TI High permittivity dielectrics for poly(3-alkylthiophene) field-effect transistor devices SO ORGANIC ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE High-k; Permittivity; Dielectric; Organic semiconductor; Surface energy; Dielectric constant ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; PERFORMANCE; INSULATORS; INTERFACES; ROUGHNESS; LAYER AB In an attempt to disentangle the effects of permittivity and surface energy of the gate insulator (expressed by its dielectric constant k and water contact angle, respectively) on the performance of organic field-effect transistors (FETs), we fabricated top-and bottom-gate FET architectures with poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs) of different side-chain lengths, using a range of gate dielectrics. We find that this class of semiconductor, including the short butyl-(C-4-) substituted derivative, is significantly less susceptible to the often detrimental effects that high-k dielectrics can have on the performance of many organic FETs. For bottom gate devices we identify the surface energy of the gate dielectric to predominantly dictate the device mobility. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sparrowe, David] Merck Chem, Southampton, Hants, England. [Sparrowe, David; Latini, Gianluca; Stingelin, Natalie] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London, England. [Sparrowe, David; Latini, Gianluca; Stingelin, Natalie] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London, England. [Bird, Matt] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Stingelin, Natalie] Univ Freiburg, FRIAS, Sch Soft Matter Res, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. RP Sparrowe, D (reprint author), Merck Chem, Chilworth Sci Pk, Southampton, Hants, England. EM david.sparrowe@merckgroup.com RI Bird, Matthew/B-5832-2013; Stingelin, Natalie/D-6745-2016 OI Bird, Matthew/0000-0002-6819-5380; Stingelin, Natalie/0000-0002-1414-4545 FU European Community of the ONE-P [212311]; UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/F056648/2] FX We would like to thank Dr. Alasdair Campbell (Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London) for very helpful discussions and Felix Koch (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH, Zurich) for molecular weight determinations. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 212311 of the ONE-P project. NS likes in addition to acknowledge support from UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/F056648/2. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-1199 J9 ORG ELECTRON JI Org. Electron. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 13 IS 1 BP 173 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.orgel.2011.11.001 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 863GZ UT WOS:000298152100026 ER PT J AU Wilson, KR Smith, JD Kessler, SH Kroll, JH AF Wilson, Kevin R. Smith, Jared D. Kessler, Sean H. Kroll, Jesse H. TI The statistical evolution of multiple generations of oxidation products in the photochemical aging of chemically reduced organic aerosol SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ATMOSPHERE; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; PHASE; MODEL; OH; FILMS AB The heterogeneous reactions of hydroxyl radicals (OH) with squalane and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (BES) particles are used as model systems to examine how distributions of reaction products evolve during the oxidation of chemically reduced organic aerosol. A kinetic model of multigenerational chemistry, which is compared to previously measured (squalane) and new (BES) experimental data, reveals that it is the statistical mixtures of different generations of oxidation products that control the average particle mass and elemental composition during the reaction. The model suggests that more highly oxidized reaction products, although initially formed with low probability, play a large role in the production of gas phase reaction products. In general, these results highlight the importance of considering atmospheric oxidation as a statistical process, further suggesting that the underlying distribution of molecules could play important roles in aerosol formation as well as in the evolution of key physicochemical properties such as volatility and hygroscopicity. C1 [Wilson, Kevin R.; Smith, Jared D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kessler, Sean H.; Kroll, Jesse H.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kroll, Jesse H.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wilson, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM krwilson@lbl.gov FU Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [CHE-1012809] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. JHK and SHK acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-1012809. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1468 EP 1479 DI 10.1039/c1cp22716e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 871RD UT WOS:000298754500019 PM 22158973 ER PT J AU Wang, XX Ma, XL Schwartz, V Clark, JC Overbury, SH Zhao, SQ Xu, XC Song, CS AF Wang, Xiaoxing Ma, Xiaoliang Schwartz, Viviane Clark, Jason C. Overbury, Steven H. Zhao, Shuqi Xu, Xiaochun Song, Chunshan TI A solid molecular basket sorbent for CO2 capture from gas streams with low CO2 concentration under ambient conditions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; MESOPOROUS SILICA; FLUE-GAS; AMINE SORBENT; SIEVE MCM-41; NATURAL-GAS; ZEOLITE 13X; ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; ADSORBENT AB In this paper, a solid molecular basket sorbent, 50 wt% PEI/SBA-15, was studied for CO2 capture from gas streams with low CO2 concentration under ambient conditions. The sorbent was able to effectively and selectively capture CO2 from a gas stream containing 1% CO2 at 75 degrees C, with a breakthrough and saturation capacity of 63.1 and 66.7 mg g(-1), respectively, and a selectivity of 14 for CO2/CO and 185 for CO2/Ar. The sorption performance of the sorbent was influenced greatly by the operating temperature. The CO2-TPD study showed that the sorbent could be regenerated under mild conditions (50-110 degrees C) and was stable in the cyclic operations for at least 20 cycles. Furthermore, the possibility for CO2 capture from air using the PEI/SBA-15 sorbent was studied by FTIR and proved by TPD. A capacity of 22.5 mg g(-1) was attained at 75 degrees C via a TPD method using a simulated air with 400 ppmv CO2 in N-2. C1 [Wang, Xiaoxing; Ma, Xiaoliang; Zhao, Shuqi; Xu, Xiaochun; Song, Chunshan] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, Clean Fuels & Catalysis Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wang, Xiaoxing; Ma, Xiaoliang; Zhao, Shuqi; Xu, Xiaochun; Song, Chunshan] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schwartz, Viviane; Clark, Jason C.; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, XX (reprint author), Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, Clean Fuels & Catalysis Program, 209 Acad Projects Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM xxwang@psu.edu; csong@psu.edu RI Song, Chunshan/B-3524-2008; Wang, Xiaoxing/A-5365-2010; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016 OI Song, Chunshan/0000-0003-2344-9911; Wang, Xiaoxing/0000-0002-1561-3016; Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961 FU US Office of Naval Research (ONR); US Department of Energy through National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL); Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; Donald Hoffman and John Heinzel of US ONR; Wayne Surdoval, Travis Schultz, Andrew O'Palko of US DOE, NETL FX The present research is supported in part by the US Office of Naval Research (ONR) and by US Department of Energy through National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The authors wish to thank all of the above government agencies and the support and encouragement from Donald Hoffman and John Heinzel of US ONR, and Wayne Surdoval, Travis Schultz, Andrew O'Palko of US DOE, NETL. NR 54 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 60 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2012 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1485 EP 1492 DI 10.1039/c1cp23366a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 871RD UT WOS:000298754500021 PM 22159175 ER PT J AU Li, ZR Keasling, JD Niyogi, KK AF Li, Zhirong Keasling, Jay D. Niyogi, Krishna K. TI Overlapping Photoprotective Function of Vitamin E and Carotenoids in Chlamydomonas SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; XANTHOPHYLL-DEFICIENT MUTANT; VIOLAXANTHIN DE-EPOXIDASE; HOMOGENTISATE PHYTYLTRANSFERASE; PHOTOOXIDATIVE STRESS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HIGH LIGHT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Tocopherols (vitamin E) and carotenoids are the two most abundant groups of lipid-soluble antioxidants in the chloroplast. Carotenoids are well known for their roles in protecting against photooxidative stress, whereas the photoprotective functions of tocopherols have only recently been examined experimentally. In addition, little is known about the functional overlap of carotenoids and tocopherols in vivo. To investigate this possible overlap, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains were engineered to overproduce tocopherols by chloroplast transformation with non-codon-optimized and codon-optimized versions of the homogentisate phytyltransferase vitamin E2 (VTE2) from Synechocystis and by nuclear transformation with VTE2 from C. reinhardtii, which resulted in 1.6-fold, 5-fold to 10-fold, and more than 10-fold increases in total tocopherol content, respectively. To test if tocopherol overproduction can compensate for carotenoid deficiency in terms of antioxidant function, the nuclear VTE2 gene from C. reinhardtii was overexpressed in the npq1 lor1 double mutant, which lacks zeaxanthin and lutein. Following transfer to high light, the npq1 lor1 strains that overaccumulated tocopherols showed increased resistance for up to 2 d and higher efficiency of photosystem II, and they were also much more resistant to other oxidative stresses. These results suggest an overlapping functions of tocopherols and carotenoids in protection against photooxidative stress. C1 [Li, Zhirong; Niyogi, Krishna K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Zhirong; Niyogi, Krishna K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Zhirong; Keasling, Jay D.; Niyogi, Krishna K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Niyogi, KK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM niyogi@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU National Institutes of Health [R01GM58799]; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. R01GM58799 to K.K.N.) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant to J.D.K.). NR 74 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 158 IS 1 BP 313 EP 323 DI 10.1104/pp.111.181230 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 870IL UT WOS:000298662500027 PM 22080601 ER PT J AU Punshon, T Hirschi, K Yang, J Lanzirotti, A Lai, B Guerinot, ML AF Punshon, Tracy Hirschi, Kendal Yang, Jian Lanzirotti, Antonio Lai, Barry Guerinot, Mary Lou TI The Role of CAX1 and CAX3 in Elemental Distribution and Abundance in Arabidopsis Seed SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED MICROTOMOGRAPHY; VACUOLAR TRANSPORTERS; ION HOMEOSTASIS; PLANT; CALCIUM; GRAIN; RICE; IRON; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB The ability to alter nutrient partitioning within plants cells is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a family of endomembrane cation exchangers (CAXs) transports Ca2+ and other cations. However, experiments have not focused on how the distribution and partitioning of calcium (Ca) and other elements within seeds are altered by perturbed CAX activity. Here, we investigate Ca distribution and abundance in Arabidopsis seed from cax1 and cax3 loss-of-function lines and lines expressing deregulated CAX1 using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microscopy. We conducted 7- to 10-mu m resolution in vivo x-ray microtomography on dry mature seed and 0.2-mu m resolution x-ray microscopy on embryos from lines overexpressing deregulated CAX1 (35S-sCAX1) and cax1cax3 double mutants only. Tomograms showed an increased concentration of Ca in both the seed coat and the embryo in cax1, cax3, and cax1cax3 lines compared with the wild type. High-resolution elemental images of the mutants showed that perturbed CAX activity altered Ca partitioning within cells, reducing Ca partitioning into organelles and/or increasing Ca in the cytosol and abolishing tissue-level Ca gradients. In comparison with traditional volume-averaged metal analysis, which confirmed subtle changes in seed elemental composition, the collection of spatially resolved data at varying resolutions provides insight into the impact of altered CAX activity on seed metal distribution and indicates a cell type-specific function of CAX1 and CAX3 in partitioning Ca into organelles. This work highlights a powerful technology for inferring transport function and quantifying nutrient changes. C1 [Punshon, Tracy; Guerinot, Mary Lou] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hirschi, Kendal; Yang, Jian] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Agr Res Serv,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lai, Barry] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Punshon, T (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM tracy.punshon@dartmouth.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42 ES007373-17]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-06ER15809]; Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-62650-6001]; Department of Agriculture [2005-34402-16401]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Energy, Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division [DE-FC09-96-SR18546]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Superfund Research Program (grant no. P42 ES007373-17 to T. P. and M. L. G.), by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (grant no. DE-FG02-06ER15809 to M. L. G.), by the Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (cooperative agreement no. 58-62650-6001 to K. H.), and by the Department of Agriculture (grant no. CSRESS#2005-34402-16401, Designing Foods for Health). Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357). Beamline X26A at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, is supported by the Department of Energy, Geosciences (grant no. DE-FG02-92ER14244 to the University of Chicago) and Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division (grant no. DE-FC09-96-SR18546 to the University of Kentucky). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the Department of Energy (contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886). NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 158 IS 1 BP 352 EP 362 DI 10.1104/pp.111.184812 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 870IL UT WOS:000298662500030 PM 22086421 ER PT J AU Garcia, HE Burr, TL Coles, GA Edmunds, TA Garrett, AJ Gorensek, MB Hamm, LL Krebs, JF Kress, RL Lamberti, VE Schoenwald, DA Tzanos, CP Ward, RC AF Garcia, Humberto E. Burr, Tom L. Coles, Garill A. Edmunds, Thomas A. Garrett, Alfred J. Gorensek, Maximilian B. Hamm, Luther L. Krebs, John F. Kress, Reid L. Lamberti, Vincent E. Schoenwald, David A. Tzanos, Constantine P. Ward, Richard C. TI Integration of facility modeling capabilities for nuclear nonproliferation analysis SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Nuclear nonproliferation; Facility modeling; Integrated model; Inverse problem ID REACTOR; SCIENCE; LIBRARY; BURNUP; FUEL AB Developing automated methods for data collection and analysis that can facilitate nuclear nonproliferation assessment is an important research area with significant consequences for the effective global deployment of nuclear energy. Facility modeling that can integrate and interpret observations collected from monitored facilities in order to ascertain their functional details will be a critical element of these methods. Although improvements are continually sought, existing facility modeling tools can characterize all aspects of reactor operations and the majority of nuclear fuel cycle processing steps, and include algorithms for data processing and interpretation. Assessing nonproliferation status is challenging because observations can come from many sources, including local and remote sensors that monitor facility operations, as well as open sources that provide specific business information about the monitored facilities, and can be of many different types. Although many current facility models are capable of analyzing large amounts of information, they have not been integrated in an analyst-friendly manner. This paper addresses some of these facility modeling capabilities and illustrates how they could be integrated and utilized for nonproliferation analysis. The inverse problem of inferring facility conditions based on collected observations is described, along with a proposed architecture and computer framework for utilizing facility modeling tools. After considering a representative sampling of key facility modeling capabilities, the proposed integration framework is illustrated with several examples. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garrett, Alfred J.; Gorensek, Maximilian B.; Hamm, Luther L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Natl & Homeland Secur Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Garcia, Humberto E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Burr, Tom L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Coles, Garill A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Edmunds, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Syst & Decis Sci Sect, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Krebs, John F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schoenwald, David A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tzanos, Constantine P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ward, Richard C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gorensek, MB (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Natl & Homeland Secur Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM maximilian.gorensek@srnl.doe.gov RI Gorensek, Maximilian/B-5298-2012; OI Gorensek, Maximilian/0000-0002-4322-9062 FU U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Nonproliferation Research Development; UChicago Argonne, LLC for the DOE-SC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Battelle Energy Alliance for the DOE's Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) [DE-AC07-051D14517]; Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC for the DOE-NNSA [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the DOE-NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; UT-Battelle, LLC for the DOE-SC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Battelle for the DOE's Office of Science (DOE-SC) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the DOE-NNSA [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC [DE-A C09-08SR22470]; Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, LLC for the DOE-NNSA [DE-AC05-000R22800] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Nonproliferation Research & Development under direction from Col. David LaGraffe, Ph.D., Acting Portfolio Manager for Simulation, Algorithms, and Modeling (SAM), and Dr. Sandra Thompson, SAM Technical Advisor. Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC for the DOE-SC under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. Idaho National Laboratory is operated by the Battelle Energy Alliance for the DOE's Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) under contract number DE-AC07-051D14517. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC for the DOE-NNSA under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the DOE-NNSA under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is operated by UT-Battelle, LLC for the DOE-SC under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the DOE's Office of Science (DOE-SC) under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Sandia National Laboratories is operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the DOE-NNSA under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Savannah River National Laboratory is operated for the DOE's Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC under contract number DE-A C09-08SR22470. The Y-12 National Security Complex is operated by Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, LLC for the DOE-NNSA under contract DE-AC05-000R22800. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 BP 96 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2011.07.007 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 867MJ UT WOS:000298458200015 ER PT J AU Bortot, S Cammi, A Artioli, C AF Bortot, S. Cammi, A. Artioli, C. TI Dynamic performance assessment of MOX and metallic fuel core options for a Gen-IV LFR demonstrator SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Dynamics; LFR DEMO; Metallic fuel; MOX fuel; Stability; Transient response AB A preliminary study concerning the responses of a Generation IV (GEN-IV) Lead Fast Reactor (LFR) demonstrator (DEMO) core to externally-induced reactivity perturbations has been carried out with the aim at assessing and comparing the dynamic performances of MOX and metallic fuel alternative options. Reactivity coefficients and kinetics parameters have been calculated for both Beginning of Cycle (BoC) and End of Cycle (EoC) configurations by means of ERANOS deterministic code ver. 21 associated with the JEFF-3.1 data library. A simplified lumped-parameter model has been developed to treat both neutronics (point-kinetics approximation) and thermal-hydraulics (average temperature heat-exchange model): the latter have been then coupled to analyze MOX and metallic fuel behaviors following operational transient initiators, such as control rod partial extraction (reactivity insertion), coolant inlet temperature perturbation (simulating a loss of heat sink), and mass flow rate reduction (loss of flow), using the MATLAB/SIMULINK (R) tool. The analysis of DEMO core sub-system open-loop stability has ultimately been performed. Results have shown that the model is stable and evidences a satisfactory capability of predicting the response to the reactivity perturbations considered. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bortot, S.; Cammi, A.] Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, CeSNEF Nucl Engn Div, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bortot, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Artioli, C.] Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainable Econ D, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. RP Bortot, S (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, CeSNEF Nucl Engn Div, Via Ponzio 34-3, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM sara.bortot@mail.polimi.it; antonio.cammi@polimi.it; carlo.artioli@enea.it OI Cammi, Antonio/0000-0003-1508-5935 FU U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission; Argonne National Laboratory FX The authors are very grateful to Stefano Lorenzi for the great effort spent to verify the results presented in this paper. In addition, the lead author wishes to thank the U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission and Argonne National Laboratory for supporting her Ph.D. activities in the United States. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 54 IS 1 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2011.07.006 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 867MJ UT WOS:000298458200016 ER PT J AU Molinari, AJ Pozzi, ECC Hughes, AM Heber, EM Garabalino, MA Thorp, SI Miller, M Itoiz, ME Aromando, RF Nigg, DW Trivillin, VA Schwint, AE AF Molinari, Ana J. Pozzi, Emiliano C. C. Monti Hughes, Andrea Heber, Elisa M. Garabalino, Marcela A. Thorp, Silvia I. Miller, Marcelo Itoiz, Maria E. Aromando, Romina F. Nigg, David W. Trivillin, Veronica A. Schwint, Amanda E. TI Tumor Blood Vessel "Normalization" Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in Experimental Oral Cancer SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HAMSTER-CHEEK POUCH; NECK-CANCER; SELECTIVE DELIVERY; THALIDOMIDE; HEAD; VASCULATURE; MUCOSITIS; MODEL; BORONOPHENYLALANINE; RADIOBIOLOGY AB Molinari, A. J., Pozzi, E. C. C., Monti Hughes, A., Heber, E. M., Garabalino, M. A., Thorp, S. I., Miller, M., Itoiz, M. E., Aromando, R. F., Nigg, D. W., Trivillin, V. A. and Schwint, A. E. Tumor Blood Vessel "Normalization" Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) in Experimental Oral Cancer. Radiat. Res. 177, 59-68 (2012). We previously demonstrated the efficacy of BNCT mediated by boronophenylalanine (BPA) to treat tumors in a hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer with no normal tissue radiotoxicity and moderate, albeit reversible, mucositis in precancerous tissue around treated tumors. It is known that boron targeting of the largest possible proportion of tumor cells contributes to the success of BNCT and that tumor blood vessel normalization improves drug delivery to the tumor. Within this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of blood vessel normalization on the therapeutic efficacy and potential radiotoxicity of BNCT in the hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer. Blood vessel normalization was induced by two doses of thalidomide in tumor-bearing hamsters on 2 consecutive days. All studies in thalidomide-treated animals were performed 48 h after the first dose of thalidomide, previously established as the window of normalization. Biodistribution studies were performed with BPA at a dose of 15.5 mg (10)B/kg in thalidomide-treated (Th+) and untreated (Th-) tumor-bearing hamsters. The effect of blood vessel normalization prior to BPA administration on the efficacy of BNCT was assessed in in viva BNCT studies at the RA-3 Nuclear Reactor in tumor-bearing hamsters. Group I was treated with BPA-BNCT after treatment with thalidomide (Th+ BPA-BNCT). Group II was treated with BPA-BNCT alone (Th- BPA-BNCT). Group III was treated with the beam only after treatment with thalidomide (Th+ BO), and Group IV was treated with the beam only (Th- BO). Groups I and II were given the same dose of BPA (15.5 mg (10)B/kg), and all groups (I-IV) were exposed to the same neutron fluence. Two additional groups were treated with the beam only at a higher dose to exacerbate mucositis in precancerous tissue and to explore the potential direct protective effect of thalidomide on radiation-induced mucositis in a scenario of more severe toxicity, i.e. Group V (Th+ hdBO) and Group VI (Th- hdBO). The animals were followed for 28 days. Biodistribution studies revealed no statistically significant differences in gross boron content between Th+ and Th- animals. Overall tumor control (complete response+partial response) at 28 days post-treatment was significantly higher for Group I (Th+ BPA-BNCT) than for Group II (Th BPA-BNCT): 84 +/- 3% compared to 67 +/- 5%. Pretreatment with thalidomide did not induce statistically significant changes in overall tumor control induced by the beam only, i.e. 15 +/- 5% in Group HI (Th+ BO) and 18 +/- 5% in Group IV (Th BO), or in overall tumor control induced by the high-dose beam only, i.e. 60 +/- 7% in Group V (Th+ hdBO) and 47 +/- 10% in Group VI (Th hdBO). BPA-BNCT alone (Group II) induced mucositis in precancerous tissue that reached Grades 3-4 in 80% of the animals, whereas pretreatment with thalidomide (Group I) prevented mucositis Grades 3 and 4 completely. Beam-only Group III (Th+ BO) exhibited only Grade 1 mucositis in precancerous tissue, whereas 17% of the animals in beam-only Group IV (Th- BO) reached Grade 2 mucositis. High-dose beam-only group V (Th+ hdBO) exhibited only Grade 2 mucositis, whereas high-dose beam-only group VI (Th hdBO) reached Grade 3 mucositis in 83% of the animals. In all cases mucositis in precancerous tissue was reversible. No normal tissue radiotoxicity was observed with any of the protocols. Pretreatment with thalidomide enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT and reduced precancerous tissue toxicity. (C) 2012 by Radiation Research Socity C1 [Molinari, Ana J.; Pozzi, Emiliano C. C.; Monti Hughes, Andrea; Heber, Elisa M.; Garabalino, Marcela A.; Itoiz, Maria E.; Trivillin, Veronica A.; Schwint, Amanda E.] Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiobiol, Constituyentes Atom Ctr, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Pozzi, Emiliano C. C.] Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Ezeiza Atom Ctr, Dept Res & Prod Reactors, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Thorp, Silvia I.; Miller, Marcelo] Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Ezeiza Atom Ctr, Dept Instrumentat & Control, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Itoiz, Maria E.; Aromando, Romina F.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Dent, Dept Oral Pathol, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Nigg, David W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Schwint, AE (reprint author), Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Dept Radiobiol, Constituyentes Atom Ctr, Ave Gen Paz 1499,B1650KNA, San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM schwint@cnea.gov.ar FU U.S. Department of Energy through Idaho National Laboratory; National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology of Argentina FX This study was supported in part by in-kind contributions from the U.S. Department of Energy through the Idaho National Laboratory and a grant from the National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology of Argentina. The authors gratefully acknowledge the generous gift of thalidomide by Triquim. S.A. and Laboratorio Lazar (Argentina) and the expert advice and generous support of Dr. Claudio Devida and his team with ICP-MS boron measurements. AJM, AMH, VAT and AES are members of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). NR 54 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 177 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1667/RR2729.1 PG 10 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 874FA UT WOS:000298939600008 PM 21980958 ER PT J AU Rice, TM Yang, KY Zhang, FC AF Rice, T. M. Yang, Kai-Yu Zhang, F. C. TI A phenomenological theory of the anomalous pseudogap phase in underdoped cuprates SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID HIGH-T-C; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; 2-DIMENSIONAL HUBBARD-MODEL; ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC-HEAT; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP THEORY; WEAKLY CORRELATED ELECTRONS; FERMI-SURFACE; QUASI-PARTICLES; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; NORMAL-STATE AB The theoretical description of the anomalous properties of the pseudogap phase in the underdoped region of the cuprate phase diagram lags behind the progress in spectroscopic and other experiments. A phenomenological ansatz, based on analogies to the approach to Mott localization at weak coupling in lower dimensional systems, has been proposed by Yang et al (2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 174501). This ansatz has had success in describing a range of experiments. The motivation underlying this ansatz is described and the comparisons with experiment are reviewed. Implications for a more microscopic theory are discussed together with the relation to theories that start directly from microscopic strongly coupled Hamiltonians. C1 [Rice, T. M.; Yang, Kai-Yu] ETH, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Rice, T. M.; Yang, Kai-Yu; Zhang, F. C.] Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Theoret & Computat Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Rice, T. M.; Yang, Kai-Yu; Zhang, F. C.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Rice, T. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yang, Kai-Yu] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Rice, TM (reprint author), ETH, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. FU Swiss National Fund; US Department of Energy under Boston College [DEAC02-98CH10886, DOE-DE-SC0002554]; RGC of HKSAR [705608, 707010, HKUST3/CRF/09] FX We are grateful to our many collaborators on the physics of cuprates over the past quarter century. In particular the work discussed has benefited from our discussions with Elena Bascones, Jules Carbotte, Weiqiang Chen, Yan Chen, Carsten Honerkamp, Robert Konik, Andreas Laeuchli, Urs Ledermann, Patrick Lee, Karyn Le Hur, Elisabeth Nicol, Tai Kai Ng, Matthias Ossadnik, Manfred Salmhofer, Manfred Sigrist, Alexei Tsvelik and Qiang-HuaWang. We would like to thank the many experimentalists for explanations and insights into their results, especially Peter Johnson, Jon Rameau, John Tranquada and Hong-Bo Yang at Brookhaven National Labs. Support from the MANEP program of the Swiss National Fund (KYY and TMR), the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886 (TMR), Boston College and DOE-DE-SC0002554 (KYY) and RGC of HKSAR grants 705608, 707010 and HKUST3/CRF/09 (KYY and FCZ) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 183 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 5 U2 54 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 EI 1361-6633 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 75 IS 1 AR 016502 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/75/1/016502 PG 36 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 870HQ UT WOS:000298660400004 PM 22790307 ER PT J AU Williams, M DeBarger, AH Montgomery, BL Zhou, XC Tate, E AF Williams, Michelle DeBarger, Angela Haydel Montgomery, Beronda L. Zhou, Xuechun Tate, Erika TI Exploring middle school students' conceptions of the relationship between genetic inheritance and cell division SO SCIENCE EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION; MENDELIAN GENETICS; SCIENCE; UNDERSTANDINGS; DIFFICULTIES; FRAMEWORK AB This study examines students' understanding of the normative connections between key concepts of cell division, including both mitosis and meiosis, and underlying biological principles that are critical for an in-depth understanding of genetic inheritance. Using a structural equation modeling method, we examine middle school students' understanding of these relationships. A total of 209 seventh-grade students participated in this study and completed a technology-enhanced unit on genetics. Content-based assessments were administered to all students. Findings from a confirmatory factor analysis supplemented with an analysis of students' responses revealed a strong relationship between the concepts of genetic inheritance and cell division and provided evidence of the nature of the difficulties that students have when trying to understand these concepts. Specifically, students were challenged to demonstrate an integrated understanding of the differences between mitosis and meiosis processes. Also some students struggled to explain the importance of these processes as they relate to passage of genetic information. This study offers the science education field further insight into younger students' learning about genetic inheritance and informs the design of effective science learning materials at the middle school level. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:78103, 2012 C1 [Williams, Michelle] Michigan State Univ, Dept Teacher Educ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [DeBarger, Angela Haydel] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Montgomery, Beronda L.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Zhou, Xuechun] Michigan State Univ, Measurement & Quantitat Methods Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Tate, Erika] Bluknowledge LLC, Savannah, GA 31412 USA. RP Williams, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Teacher Educ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mwilliam@msu.edu NR 69 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0036-8326 EI 1098-237X J9 SCI EDUC JI Sci. Educ. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 1 BP 78 EP 103 DI 10.1002/sce.20465 PG 26 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA 866DN UT WOS:000298360700004 ER PT J AU Uberuaga, BP Choudhury, S Bai, XM Benedek, NA AF Uberuaga, Blas P. Choudhury, Samrat Bai, Xian-Ming Benedek, Nicole A. TI Grain boundary stoichiometry and interactions with defects in SrTiO3 SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary twin; Point defects; Grain boundary segregation; Modelling; Crystalline oxides ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; VOID FORMATION; IRRADIATION; SIZE; GOLD AB We examine the role that the atomic structure, both the terminating plane and the stoichiometry, of Sigma 3 twin boundaries in SrTiO3 has on the interaction of point defects using an interatomic potential. Both factors strongly influence defect interactions with the boundary, with interactions strongest for the non-stoichiometric boundary. These results are confirmed with density functional theory. We conclude that boundary atomic structure must be accounted for when understanding the properties of oxides with a large fraction of grain boundaries. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Uberuaga, Blas P.; Choudhury, Samrat; Bai, Xian-Ming] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Benedek, Nicole A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Uberuaga, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM blas@lanl.gov RI Choudhury, Samrat/B-4115-2009; Bai, Xianming/E-2376-2017 OI Bai, Xianming/0000-0002-4609-6576 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [2008LANL1026]; LANL; Cornell Center for Materials Research; NSF MRSEC [DMR 0520404]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This material is based upon work supported as part of the Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number 2008LANL1026. S.C., who performed the DFT calculations, was supported by the LANL Director's Fellow Postdoctoral progam. N.A.B. was supported by the Cornell Center for Materials Research with funding from NSF MRSEC program, cooperative Agreement No. DMR 0520404. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.019 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863YE UT WOS:000298203400011 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Millett, PC Tonks, M Biner, B AF Zhang, Yongfeng Millett, Paul C. Tonks, Michael Biner, Bulent TI Deformation-twin-induced grain boundary failure SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary; Twinning; Fracture; Molecular dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; FRACTURE PROCESSES; TRANSITION-METALS; INTERGRANULAR FRACTURE AB This work presents a mechanism of deformation-twin-induced grain boundary failure, and demonstrates the mechanism using molecular dynamics simulations. Deformation twinning is observed as the dominant mechanism during tensile deformation of < 1 1 0 > columnar nanocrystalline body-centered cubic Mo. As a twin approaches a grain boundary, local stress concentration develops due to the incompatible plastic deformations in the two neighboring grains. The magnitude of the stress concentration increases as the twin widens, leading to grain boundary cracking by nucleation and coalescence of microcracks/voids. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yongfeng; Millett, Paul C.; Tonks, Michael; Biner, Bulent] INL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Zhang, YF (reprint author), INL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM yongfengzhang@inl.gov FU INL-LDRD [INL-LDRD 10-008-CP.01.01.GL.08.11] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of an INL-LDRD Project on "Irradiation-induced evolution of defect and microstructure in nanocrystalline bcc Mo" (INL-LDRD 10-008-CP.01.01.GL.08.11). NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.10.021 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863YE UT WOS:000298203400014 ER PT J AU Biner, SB Hu, SY AF Biner, S. B. Hu, S. Y. TI Reply to "Comment on simulation of damage evolution in composites: A phase-field model, by H. Emmerich and D. Pilipenko" SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Biner, S. B.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Hu, S. Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bulent.biner@inl.gov OI HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 66 IS 2 BP 128 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.09.039 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 863YE UT WOS:000298203400017 ER PT J AU Jelle, BP Hynd, A Gustavsen, A Arasteh, D Goudey, H Hart, R AF Jelle, Bjorn Petter Hynd, Andrew Gustavsen, Arild Arasteh, Dariush Goudey, Howdy Hart, Robert TI Fenestration of today and tomorrow: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Review DE Fenestration; Multilayer glazing; Vacuum glazing; Smart window; Solar cell glazing; Low-e ID BUILDING INSULATION MATERIALS; SILICA-AEROGEL GRANULATE; ENERGY-EFFICIENT WINDOWS; PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; PRUSSIAN BLUE; TRANSMISSION SPECTRA; THERMAL PERFORMANCE; HEAT-TRANSFER AB Fenestration of today is continuously being developed into the fenestration of tomorrow, hence offering a steadily increase of daylight and solar energy utilization and control, and at the same time providing a necessary climate screen with a satisfactory thermal comfort:. Within this work a state-of-the-art market review of the best performing fenestration products has been carried out, along with an overview of possible future research opportunities for the fenestration industry. The focus of the market review was low thermal transmittance (U-value). The lowest centre-of-glass U(g)-values found was 0.28 and 0.30 W/m(2) K, which was from a suspended coating glazing product and an aerogel glazing product, respectively. However, the majority of high performance products found were triple glazed. The lowest frame U-value was 0.61 W/m(2) K. Vacuum glazing, smart windows, solar cell glazing, window frames, self-cleaning glazing, low-emissivity coatings and spacers were also reviewed, thus also representing possibilities for controlling and harvesting the solar radiation energy. Currently, vacuum glazing, new spacer materials and solutions, electrochromic windows and aerogel glazing seem to have the largest potential for improving the thermal performance and daylight and solar properties in fenestration products. Aerogel glazing has the lowest potential U-values, similar to 0.1 W/m(2) K, but requires further work to improve the visible transmittance. Electrochromic vaccum glazing and evacuated aerogel glazing are two vacuum-related solutions, which have a large potential. There may also be opportunities for completely new material innovations, which could revolutionize the fenestration industry. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jelle, Bjorn Petter; Hynd, Andrew] SINTEF Bldg & Infrastruct, Dept Mat & Struct, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway. [Jelle, Bjorn Petter] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Civil & Transport Engn, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Hynd, Andrew] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Civil Engn, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. [Gustavsen, Arild] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Architectural Design Hist & Technol, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Arasteh, Dariush; Goudey, Howdy; Hart, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Windows & Daylighting Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jelle, BP (reprint author), SINTEF Bldg & Infrastruct, Dept Mat & Struct, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway. EM bjorn.petter.jelle@sintef.no FU Research Council of Norway; Lian Trevarefabrikk; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) through the NTNU; SINTEF; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work has partly been funded by the Research Council of Norway, Lian Trevarefabrikk and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) through the NTNU and SINTEF research project "Improved Window Technologies for Energy Efficient Buildings" (EffWin), and the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, Building Technologies Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 89 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 23 U2 148 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.08.010 PG 28 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 868PA UT WOS:000298534000001 ER PT J AU Ramprasad, S Su, YW Chang, CH Paul, BK Palo, DR AF Ramprasad, Sudhir Su, Yu-Wei Chang, Chih-hung Paul, Brian K. Palo, Daniel R. TI Cadmium sulfide thin film deposition: A parametric study using microreactor-assisted chemical solution deposition SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Continuous flow; Microchannel heat exchanger; Chemical bath deposition; CdS buffer layer; CdS window layer; Chemical solution deposition ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW MICROREACTOR; BATH DEPOSITION; CDS FILMS; GROWTH-KINETICS; TEMPERATURE; THICKNESS; MECHANISM; SYSTEM AB Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films are commonly used as buffer layers in thin film solar cells and can be produced by a number of solution and vacuum methods. We report the continuous solution deposition of CdS on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrates using Microreactor-Assisted Solution Deposition (MASD (TM)). A flow system consisting of a microscale T-mixer and a novel adjustable residence time microchannel heat exchanger has been utilized in this study. The CdS thin film synthesis involves a multistage mechanism in which an undesirable homogeneous reaction competes with the desired heterogeneous reaction. A microchannel heat exchanger with an adjustable residence time unit has been developed to optimize the reaction residence time and favor heterogeneous growth. Optimization of CdS reaction solution residence time facilitates improved control of CdS synthesis by minimizing the homogeneous reaction and subsequently improving key parameters for process scale-up such as yield and selectivity. The present study indicates that a residence time range of 13-20 s at a solution temperature of 90 degrees C and deposition time of 3 min yields similar to 40 nm thick CdS film. The CdS films were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, TEM, and X-ray diffraction. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ramprasad, Sudhir; Palo, Daniel R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Proc & Mat Div, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Su, Yu-Wei; Chang, Chih-hung] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Paul, Brian K.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech & Ind Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramprasad, Sudhir; Su, Yu-Wei; Chang, Chih-hung; Paul, Brian K.; Palo, Daniel R.] Microprod Breakthrough Inst, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Ramprasad, Sudhir; Su, Yu-Wei; Chang, Chih-hung; Paul, Brian K.; Palo, Daniel R.] Oregon Proc Innovat Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Palo, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Proc & Mat Div, 1000 NE Circle Blvd,Suite 11101, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM dpalo@pnl.gov RI Ramprasad, Sudhir/G-1269-2012 FU US Department of Energy [NT08847, DE-AC-05-RL01830]; Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI) FX The work described herein was funded by the US Department of Energy, Industrial Technologies Program through Award #NT08847, under Contract DE-AC-05-RL01830 to PNNL Additional matching funds were received from the Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI) under a matching grant to Oregon State University. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 2012 VL 96 IS 1 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2011.09.015 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 868PA UT WOS:000298534000009 ER PT J AU Cheggour, N Lu, XF Holesinger, TG Stauffer, TC Jiang, J Goodrich, LF AF Cheggour, N. Lu, X. F. Holesinger, T. G. Stauffer, T. C. Jiang, J. Goodrich, L. F. TI Reversible effect of strain on transport critical current in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconducting wires: a modified descriptive strain model SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID O-COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITIES; TEMPERATURE SCALING LAW; HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELDS; AXIAL-STRAIN; BI-2212 CONDUCTORS; T-C; TAPES; DEPENDENCE; STRESS AB A reversible strain effect on transport critical current I-c was found in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) high-temperature superconducting round wires. I-c showed unambiguous reversibility at 4 K and 16 T up to an irreversible strain limit of about 0.3 % in longitudinal tension, prompting hope that the Bi-2212 conductor has the potential to sustain mechanical strains generated in high-field magnets. However, I-c was not reversible under longitudinal compression and buckling of Bi-2212 grain colonies was identified as the main reason. A two-component model was proposed, which suggests the presence of mechanically weak and strong Bi-2212 components within the wire filaments. Porosity embedded in the weak component renders it structurally unsupported and, therefore, makes it prone to cracking under strain epsilon. I-c(epsilon) is irreversible in tension if the weak component contributes to the transport critical current but becomes reversible once connectivity of the weak component is broken through strain increase or cycling. A modified descriptive strain model was also developed, which illustrates the effect of strain in the Bi-2212 conductor and supersedes the existing descriptive model. Unlike the latter, the new model suggests that higher pre-compressive strains should improve I-c if buckling of Bi-2212 grains does not occur, and should result in a wider I-c(epsilon) plateau in the applied tensile regime without degradation of the initial I-c. The new model postulates that a reversible strain effect should exist even in the applied compressive strain regime if buckling of Bi-2212 grains could be prevented through elimination of porosity and mechanical reinforcement of the wire. C1 [Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cheggour, N.; Lu, X. F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holesinger, T. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jiang, J.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cheggour@boulder.nist.gov RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012; Jiang, Jianyi/F-2549-2017 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065; Jiang, Jianyi/0000-0002-1094-2013 FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics FX We thank our colleagues at Los Alamos National Lab, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Fermi National Lab, Brookhaven National Lab, Florida State University, North Carolina State University and Texas A&M University, who are part of the Very High Field Superconducting Magnet Collaboration (VHFSMC), for many and interesting discussions. This work was supported in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act through the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics. Certain commercial equipment or materials mentioned in this paper may be indirectly identified by their particular properties. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the equipment or materials identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 AR 015001 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/25/1/015001 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866VD UT WOS:000298413200014 ER PT J AU Siahrang, M Sirois, F Nguyen, DN Ashworth, SP AF Siahrang, Majid Sirois, Frederic Nguyen, Doan N. Ashworth, Stephen P. TI Assessment of alternative design schemes to reduce the edge losses in HTS power transmission cables made of coated conductors SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of alternative designs to reduce the AC losses of high temperature superconducting (HTS) power transmission cables. The idea behind these designs is to undermine the edge effect, which is one of the main factors contributing to AC losses in HTS power cables made of coated tapes. The edge effect, which arises from the presence of gaps between the tapes, results in large normal components of magnetic field near the edges of the tapes and in turns leads to a current distribution with higher density near the edges. To perform our investigation we use a numerical technique developed in our previous work which allows us to consider the helical configuration of the tapes. Through numerical simulations we assess the effectiveness of two overlapped designs, i.e. a cyclic overlapped design and an anticyclic overlapped design, in reduction of AC losses in single layer HTS power cables made of coated tapes. Simulation results show that AC losses can be reduced by about 70% as compared with a typical single layer cable. C1 [Siahrang, Majid; Sirois, Frederic] Ecole Polytech Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Nguyen, Doan N.; Ashworth, Stephen P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Siahrang, M (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. EM majid.siahrang@polymtl.ca RI Sirois, Frederic/F-3736-2010 OI Sirois, Frederic/0000-0003-0372-9449 FU Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS); US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX This work was supported in part by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), in part by the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS) and in part by the US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 25 IS 1 AR 014001 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/25/1/014001 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 866VD UT WOS:000298413200003 ER PT J AU Teeguarden, JG Calafat, AM Doerge, DR AF Teeguarden, Justin G. Calafat, Antonia M. Doerge, Daniel R. TI Adhering to Fundamental Principles of Biomonitoring, BPA Pharmacokinetics, and Mass Balance Is No "Flaw" SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Letter ID BISPHENOL-A BPA; HUMAN EXPOSURE; URINARY CONCENTRATIONS; TOXICITY; MONKEYS; SAMPLES C1 [Teeguarden, Justin G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Calafat, Antonia M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Doerge, Daniel R.] US FDA, Div Biochem Toxicol, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Teeguarden, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM justin.teeguarden@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 125 IS 1 BP 321 EP 325 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfr275 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 871JP UT WOS:000298734400030 ER PT J AU Xie, YC Chowdhury, M Bhavsar, P Zhou, Y AF Xie, Yuanchang Chowdhury, Mashrur Bhavsar, Parth Zhou, Yan TI An integrated modeling approach for facilitating emission estimations of alternative fueled vehicles SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE Integrated traffic simulation and emission modeling; Vehicle emission modeling; Alternative transportation fuels; MOVES; PARAMICS AB This paper develops an integrated model for reliable estimation of daily vehicle fuel savings and emissions using an integrated traffic emission modeling approach created by incorporating the US Environmental Protection Agency's vehicle emission model, MOVES, and the PARAMICS microscopic traffic simulation package. A case study is conducted to validate the model using a well-calibrated road network in Greenville, South Carolina. For each transportation fuel considered, both emission and fuel consumption impacts are evaluated based on market shares. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Xie, Yuanchang] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Chowdhury, Mashrur; Bhavsar, Parth] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Zhou, Yan] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xie, YC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM yxie@scsu.edu RI Bhavsar, Parth/M-5856-2014 OI Bhavsar, Parth/0000-0003-3202-8836 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 17 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.trd.2011.08.009 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 859UU UT WOS:000297902100003 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HD Cao, B Mishra, B Boyanou, MI Kemner, KM Fredrickson, JK Beyenal, H AF Hung Duc Nguyen Cao, Bin Mishra, Bhoopesh Boyanou, Maxim I. Kemner, Kenneth M. Fredrickson, Jim K. Beyenal, Haluk TI Microscale geochemical gradients in Hanford 300 Area sediment biofilms and influence of uranium SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Biofilm; Uranium; Microelectrode; Hotspot; Microenvironment ID CONTAMINANT URANIUM; U(VI) REDUCTION; VADOSE ZONE; SITE; BIOREMEDIATION; WASHINGTON; PROFILES AB The presence and importance of microenvironments in the subsurface at contaminated sites were suggested by previous geochemical studies. However, no direct quantitative characterization of the geochemical microenvironments had been reported. We quantitatively characterized microscale geochemical gradients (dissolved oxygen (DO), H-2, pH, and redox potential) in Hanford 300A subsurface sediment biofilms. Our results revealed significant differences in geochemical parameters across the sediment biofilm/water interface in the presence and absence of U(VI) under oxic and anoxic conditions. While the pH was relatively constant within the sediment biofilm, the redox potential and the DO and H-2 concentrations were heterogeneous at the microscale (<500-1000 mu m). We found microenvironments with high DO levels (DO hotspots) when the sediment biofilm was exposed to U(VI). On the other hand, we found hotspots (high concentrations) of H-2 under anoxic conditions both in the presence and in the absence of U(VI). The presence of anoxic microenvironments inside the sediment biofilms suggests that U(VI) reduction proceeds under bulk oxic conditions. To test this, we operated our biofilm reactor under air-saturated conditions in the presence of U(VI) and characterized U speciation in the sediment biofilm. U L-III-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) showed that 80-85% of the U was in the U(IV) valence state. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hung Duc Nguyen; Cao, Bin; Beyenal, Haluk] Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Cao, Bin; Fredrickson, Jim K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mishra, Bhoopesh; Boyanou, Maxim I.; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beyenal, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM beyenal@wsu.edu RI Mishra, Bhoopesh/C-2788-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Cao, Bin/H-2639-2012 OI Cao, Bin/0000-0002-9462-496X FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) [DE-FG92-08ER64560, DE-AC05-76RLO, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; PNNL; Hanford 300A IFRC; ANL; MRCAT/EnviroCAT member institutions FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) under the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research (SBR) Program (grant DE-FG92-08ER64560). PNNL contributions to this research were supported in part by the PNNL Scientific Focus Area, and Hanford 300A IFRC projects and ANL contributions were supported in part by the ANL Scientific Focus Area project. They are part of the SBR Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), U.S. DOE under contracts DE-AC05-76RLO and DE-AC02-06CH11357, respectively. Use of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) was supported by the DOE-SC Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT/EnviroCAT operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT/EnviroCAT member institutions. The U.S. government retains for itself and others acting on its behalf a paid-up, non-exclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 1 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.054 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 868ML UT WOS:000298527300023 PM 22078229 ER PT J AU Kabra, S Brown, DW Chen, CF Wong, TK Milewski, JO AF Kabra, S. Brown, D. W. Chen, C. -F. Wong, T. K. Milewski, J. O. TI MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF RESIDUAL STRAIN IN A LASER WELDED TITANIUM RING SO WELDING IN THE WORLD LA English DT Article DE Diffraction; Laser welding; Neutron radiation; Simulating; Strain; Titanium ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; STRESSES; MODEL AB Elastic residual strains were measured in a laser welded commercially pure titanium ring using a non-destructive neutron diffraction technique in order to determine the resolution of this method for the characterization of small laser welds. In addition, these measurements were used to validate calculations made using residual strain data obtained from simulation of the residual stress near the weld. The measured strains were in good agreement with the simulated results. C1 [Kabra, S.] ANSTO, Kirrawee, DC, Australia. [Brown, D. W.; Chen, C. -F.; Milewski, J. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wong, T. K.] Alfred Univ, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. RP Kabra, S (reprint author), ANSTO, Kirrawee, DC, Australia. EM saurabh.kabra@ansto.gov.au; dbrown@lanl.gov; cchen@lanl.gov; wong@alfred.edu; milewski@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Kabra, Saurabh/M-3888-2014 OI Kabra, Saurabh/0000-0002-8080-6287 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE); DOE [DE AC52 06NA25396] FX The authors would like to thank Thomas Lienert for his assistance in choosing material properties and for critical review of the document and William Stellwag for laser welding experiments. In addition, we thank Ross Casey and Ann Kelly for metallographic preparation and Thomas Sisneros for assistance with the neutron diffraction measurements. This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE AC52 06NA25396. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT INST WELDING PI 95942 ROISSY CH DE GAULLE CEDEX PA BP 51362, 95942 ROISSY CH DE GAULLE CEDEX, 00000, FRANCE SN 0043-2288 J9 WELD WORLD JI Weld. World PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 873FQ UT WOS:000298866900001 ER PT J AU Hatzikirou, H Chauviere, A Bauer, AL Leier, A Lewis, MT Macklin, P Marquez-Lago, TT Bearer, EL Cristini, V AF Hatzikirou, Haralampos Chauviere, Arnaud Bauer, Amy L. Leier, Andre Lewis, Michael T. Macklin, Paul Marquez-Lago, Tatiana T. Bearer, Elaine L. Cristini, Vittorio TI Integrative physical oncology SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARCINOMA IN-SITU; TUMOR-INDUCED ANGIOGENESIS; BREAST-CANCER; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MULTISCALE MODEL; EPITHELIAL ACINI; GROWTH; CELL AB Cancer is arguably the ultimate complex biological system. Solid tumors are microstructured soft matter that evolves as a consequence of spatio-temporal events at the intracellular (e.g., signaling pathways, macromolecular trafficking), intercellular (e.g., cellcell adhesion/communication), and tissue (e.g., cellextracellular matrix interactions, mechanical forces) scales. To gain insight, tumor and developmental biologists have gathered a wealth of molecular, cellular, and genetic data, including immunohistochemical measurements of cell type-specific division and death rates, lineage tracing, and gain-of-function/loss-of-function mutational analyses. These data are empirically extrapolated to a diagnosis/prognosis of tissue-scale behavior, e.g., for clinical decision. Integrative physical oncology (IPO) is the science that develops physically consistent mathematical approaches to address the significant challenge of bridging the nano (nm)micro (mu m) to macro (mm, cm) scales with respect to tumor development and progression. In the current literature, such approaches are referred to as multiscale modeling. In the present article, we attempt to assess recent modeling approaches on each separate scale and critically evaluate the current hybrid-multiscale models used to investigate tumor growth in the context of brain and breast cancers. Finally, we provide our perspective on the further development and the impact of IPO. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012, 4:114. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.158 C1 [Hatzikirou, Haralampos; Chauviere, Arnaud; Bearer, Elaine L.; Cristini, Vittorio] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bauer, Amy L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Chauviere, Arnaud; Leier, Andre; Marquez-Lago, Tatiana T.; Cristini, Vittorio] Univ New Mexico, STMC, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Leier, Andre; Marquez-Lago, Tatiana T.] Okinawa Inst Sci & Technol, Onna, Okinawa, Japan. [Lewis, Michael T.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lewis, Michael T.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Lester & Sue Smith Breast Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Macklin, Paul] Univ Dundee, Div Math, Dundee, Scotland. [Macklin, Paul] Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Ctr Appl Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Cristini, Vittorio] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Chauviere, A (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM achauviere@salud.unm.edu; vcristini@salud.unm.edu RI Chauviere, Arnaud/E-2442-2011; Cristini, Vittorio/N-3540-2013; OI Macklin, Paul/0000-0002-9925-0151; Leier, Andre/0000-0002-2647-2693 FU NIH through Physical Sciences in Oncology Center [1U54CA143837, 1U54CA143907]; Center for Systematic Modeling of Cancer Development [1U54CA149196]; NINDS [NS062184, NS046810]; NIGMS [GM47368, P50GM085273]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMS-0818104] FX We acknowledge the NIH for support through the Physical Sciences in Oncology Center grants 1U54CA143837 and 1U54CA143907 (VC), the Integrative Cancer Biology Program grant 1U54CA149196 for the Center for Systematic Modeling of Cancer Development (VC, ML, AC), and finally NINDS NS062184, NS046810, NIGMS GM47368, and P50GM085273 (ELB). We also acknowledge the National Science Foundation (NSF) for support under grant DMS-0818104 (VC, AC). NR 92 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1939-5094 J9 WIRES SYST BIOL MED JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Syst. Biol PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1002/wsbm.158 PG 14 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 864SH UT WOS:000298259800001 PM 21853537 ER PT J AU Ellis, LD Holwerda, EK Hogsett, D Rogers, S Shao, XJ Tschaplinski, T Thorne, P Lynd, LR AF Ellis, Lucas D. Holwerda, Evert K. Hogsett, David Rogers, Steve Shao, Xiongjun Tschaplinski, Timothy Thorne, Phil Lynd, Lee R. TI Closing the carbon balance for fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum (ATCC 27405) SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Clostridium thermocellum; Carbon; Mass balance; Consolidated bioprocessing ID ANAEROBIC CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CELLULOSIC BIOMASS; ENZYME; HYDRATION; DIOXIDE; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM-27405; DEHYDRATION; HYDROLYSIS; QUANTITIES AB Our lab and most others have not been able to close a carbon balance for fermentation by the thermophilic, cellulolytic anaerobe, Clostridium thermocellum. We undertook a detailed accounting of product formation in C. thermocellum ATCC 27405. Elemental analysis revealed that for both cellulose (Avicel) and cellobiose, >= 92% of the substrate carbon utilized could be accounted for in the pellet, supernatant and off-gas when including sampling. However, 11.1% of the original substrate carbon was found in the liquid phase and not in the form of commonly-measured fermentation products - ethanol, acetate. lactate, and formate. Further detailed analysis revealed all the products to be <720 da and have not usually been associated with C. thermocellum fermentation, including malate, pyruvate, uracil, soluble glucans, and extracellular free amino acids. By accounting for these products, 92.9% and 93.2% of the final product carbon was identified during growth on cellobiose and Avicel, respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ellis, Lucas D.; Holwerda, Evert K.; Shao, Xiongjun; Lynd, Lee R.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Hogsett, David; Rogers, Steve; Thorne, Phil; Lynd, Lee R.] Mascoma Corp, Lebanon, NH 03755 USA. [Tschaplinski, Timothy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Lynd, LR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, 8000 Cummings Hall,Hinman Box, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Lee.R.Lynd@dartmouth.edu RI Lynd, Lee/N-1260-2013; OI Lynd, Lee/0000-0002-5642-668X; Tschaplinski, Timothy/0000-0002-9540-6622 FU BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), US Department of Energy (DOE) Research Center; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science and Mascoma Corporation; Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors are grateful for the support provided by funding grants from the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), a US Department of Energy (DOE) Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science and Mascoma Corporation. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by University of Tennessee UT-Battelle LLC for the Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Dr. Maria Pena and Dr. Will York at the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center for their help investigating high molecular weight compounds, Dr. Tommy Phelps at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Dr. Warren Kett for his advise with size exclusion chromatography. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 103 IS 1 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.128 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 864XK UT WOS:000298273600040 PM 22055095 ER PT J AU Li, H Liu, XH Legros, R Bi, XTT Lim, CJ Sokhansanj, S AF Li, Hui Liu, Xinhua Legros, Robert Bi, Xiaotao T. Lim, C. J. Sokhansanj, Shahab TI Torrefaction of sawdust in a fluidized bed reactor SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass torrefaction; Sawdust; Fluidized bed; Hydrophobicity; Heating value ID BIOMASS; WOOD; PYROLYSIS; COCOMBUSTION; EMISSIONS; IMPACT; PEAT AB In the present work, stable fluidization of sawdust was achieved in a bench fluidized bed with an inclined orifice distributor without inert bed materials. A solids circulation pattern was established in the bed without the presence of slugging and channeling. The effects of treatment severity and weight loss on the solid product properties were identified. The decomposition of hemicelluloses was found to be responsible for the significant changes of chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the torrefied sawdust, including energy content, particle size distribution and moisture absorption capacity. The hydrophobicity of the torrefied sawdust was improved over the raw sawdust with a reduction of around 40 wt.% in saturated water uptake rate, and enhanced with increasing the treatment severity due to the decomposition of hemicelluloses which are rich in hydroxyl groups. The results in this study provided the basis for torrefaction in fluidized bed reactors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Li, Hui; Liu, Xinhua; Legros, Robert; Bi, Xiaotao T.; Lim, C. J.; Sokhansanj, Shahab] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Li, Hui; Liu, Xinhua; Legros, Robert; Bi, Xiaotao T.; Lim, C. J.; Sokhansanj, Shahab] Univ British Columbia, Clean Energy Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. [Li, Hui] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Key Lab Environm Biol & Pollut Control, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xinhua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Proc Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Legros, Robert] Ecole Polytech Montreal, Dept Chem Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Sokhansanj, Shahab] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bi, XTT (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. EM xbi@chbe.ubc.ca FU NSERC; Agricultural Bioenergy Innovation Network (ABIN), Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation [CX2009B078]; China Scholarship Council FX The authors are grateful to the financial supports from the NSERC Discovery grant program and the Agricultural Bioenergy Innovation Network (ABIN) program, Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (CX2009B078) and a scholarship from the China Scholarship Council. NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 103 IS 1 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.009 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 864XK UT WOS:000298273600061 PM 22055091 ER PT J AU Kolemen, E Kasdin, NJ Gurfil, P AF Kolemen, Egemen Kasdin, N. Jeremy Gurfil, Pini TI Multiple Poincar, sections method for finding the quasiperiodic orbits of the restricted three body problem SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Quasiperiodic orbit; Quasi-halo; Lissajous orbit; Restricted three-body problem; Poincare section ID 3-BODY PROBLEM; NUMERICAL COMPUTATION; DYNAMICS; POINTS AB A new fully numerical method is presented which employs multiple Poincar, sections to find quasiperiodic orbits of the Restricted Three-Body Problem (RTBP). The main advantages of this method are the small overhead cost of programming and very fast execution times, robust behavior near chaotic regions that leads to full convergence for given family of quasiperiodic orbits and the minimal memory required to store these orbits. This method reduces the calculations required for searching two-dimensional invariant tori to a search for closed orbits, which are the intersection of the invariant tori with the Poincar, sections. Truncated Fourier series are employed to represent these closed orbits. The flow of the differential equation on the invariant tori is reduced to maps between the consecutive Poincar, maps. A Newton iteration scheme utilizes the invariance of the circles of the maps on these Poincar, sections in order to find the Fourier coefficients that define the circles to any given accuracy. A continuation procedure that uses the incremental behavior of the Fourier coefficients between close quasiperiodic orbits is utilized to extend the results from a single orbit to a family of orbits. Quasi-halo and Lissajous families of the Sun-Earth RTBP around the L2 libration point are obtained via this method. Results are compared with the existing literature. A numerical method to transform these orbits from the RTBP model to the real ephemeris model of the Solar System is introduced and applied. C1 [Kolemen, Egemen] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Kasdin, N. Jeremy] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gurfil, Pini] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Haifa, Israel. RP Kolemen, E (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM ekolemen@pppl.gov RI Gurfil, Pini/J-2310-2012 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 112 IS 1 BP 47 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s10569-011-9383-x PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA 862OE UT WOS:000298101700003 ER PT J AU Moon, J Oh, JE Balonis, M Glasser, FP Clark, SM Monteiro, PJM AF Moon, Juhyuk Oh, Jae Eun Balonis, Magdalena Glasser, Fredrik P. Clark, Simon M. Monteiro, Paulo J. M. TI High pressure study of low compressibility tetracalcium aluminum carbonate hydrates 3CaO center dot Al2O3 center dot CaCO3 center dot 11H(2)O SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crystal structure; X-ray diffraction; Mechanical properties; Monosulfates ID CRYSTAL; PHASES; COMPOUND; CEMENT; SYSTEM AB Synchrotron X-ray diffraction data was collected from a sample of monocarboaluminate 3CaO center dot Al2O3 center dot CaCO3 center dot 11H(2)O from ambient pressure to 4.3 GPa. The refined crystal structure at ambient pressure is triclinic with parameters a=5.77(2) angstrom, b=8.47(5) angstrom, c=9.93(4) angstrom, alpha=64.6(2)degrees, beta=82.8(3)degrees, gamma=81.4(4)degrees, and space group of P1 or P (1) over bar. It showed some degree of perfectly reversible pressure-induced dehydration with a non-hygroscopic pressure-transmitting medium. However the dehydration effect does not critically affect a bulk modulus due to its strong framework. The isothermal bulk modulus of monocarboaluminate was found to be 53(5) GPa and 54(4)GPa with 3rd order and 2nd order Birch-Murnaghan Equation of state, respectively. That value is higher than for any other reported AFm or AFt phase. The pressure-volume behavior of the monocarboaluminate was compared with that of previous studied hemicarboaluminate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moon, Juhyuk; Monteiro, Paulo J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oh, Jae Eun] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, Ulsan Metropolitan City 689798, South Korea. [Balonis, Magdalena; Glasser, Fredrik P.] Univ Aberdeen, Dept Chem, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. [Clark, Simon M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, DC 20015 USA. [Clark, Simon M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Monteiro, PJM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM monteiro@berkeley.edu RI Moon, Juhyuk/G-9388-2011; Moon, Juhyuk/B-7009-2016 OI Moon, Juhyuk/0000-0002-7049-892X FU King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-11-004021]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This publication was based on work supported in part by Award No. KUS-11-004021, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.08.004 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 862EB UT WOS:000298071500012 ER PT J AU Kappler, KN AF Kappler, Karl N. TI A data variance technique for automated despiking of magnetotelluric data with a remote reference SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article DE Despiking; Time series ID NOISE SEPARATION AB The magnetotelluric method employs co-located surface measurements of electric and magnetic fields to infer the local electrical structure of the earth. The frequency dependent apparent resistivity curves can be inaccurate at long periods if input data are contaminated even when robust remote reference techniques are employed. Data despiking prior to processing can result in significantly more reliable estimates of long period apparent resistivities. This paper outlines a two-step method of automatic identification and replacement for spike-like contamination of magnetotelluric data; based on the simultaneity of natural electric and magnetic field variations at distant sites. This simultaneity is exploited both to identify windows in time when the array data are compromised as well as to generate synthetic data that replace observed transient noise spikes. In the first step windows in data time series that contain spikes are identified according to an intersite comparison of channel activity such as the variance of differenced data within each window. In the second step, plausible data for replacement of flagged windows are calculated by Wiener filtering coincident data in clean channels. The Wiener filters which express the time-domain relationship between various array channels are computed using an uncontaminated segment of array training data. Examples are shown where the algorithm is applied to artificially contaminated data and to real field data. In both cases all spikes are successfully identified. In the case of implanted artificial noise, the synthetic replacement time series are very similar to the original recording. In all cases, apparent resistivity and phase curves obtained by processing the despiked data are much improved over curves obtained from raw data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kappler, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kkappler@lbl.gov FU USGS [05HQGR0077, 05HQGR0079]; DOE-LBNL [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Data acquisition was supported by USGS Grant Numbers 05HQGR0077 and 05HQGR0079 and the efforts of Sierra Boyd. The Berkeley Seismological Laboratory acted to warehouse the data presented here. I am indebted to Frank Morrison for valuable discussions and to Ute Weckman, Erika Gasperikova and two anonymous reviewers for critical reading of this manuscript, which resulted in significant improvement to the work. The author also acknowledges DOE-LBNL contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.00965.x PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 861KP UT WOS:000298018100012 ER PT J AU Kucukboyaci, VN Marshall, WJ AF Kucukboyaci, Vefa N. Marshall, William J. TI Spent fuel pool storage calculations using the ISOCRIT burnup credit tool SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Criticality; Burnup credit; Spent fuel pool AB In order to conservatively apply burnup credit in spent fuel pool criticality safety analyses. Westinghouse has developed a software tool, ISOCRIT, for generating depletion isotopics. This tool is used to create isotopics data based on specific reactor input parameters, such as design basis assembly type; bounding power/burnup profiles; reactor specific moderator temperature profiles; pellet percent theoretical density; burnable absorbers, axial blanket regions, and bounding ppm boron concentration. ISOCRIT generates burnup dependent isotopics using PARAGON; Westinghouse's state-of-the-art and licensed lattice physics code. Generation of isotopics and passing the data to the subsequent 3D KENO calculations are performed in an automated fashion, thus reducing the chance for human error. Furthermore, ISOCRIT provides the means for responding to any customer request regarding re-analysis due to changed parameters (e.g., power uprate, exit temperature changes, etc.) with a quick turnaround. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kucukboyaci, Vefa N.] Westinghouse Elect Co, Cranberry Township, PA 16066 USA. [Marshall, William J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP Kucukboyaci, VN (reprint author), Westinghouse Elect Co, Suite 452,1000 Westinghouse Dr, Cranberry Township, PA 16066 USA. EM kucukbvn@westinghouse.com; marshallwj@ornl.gov OI Kucukboyaci, Vefa/0000-0002-3474-9277 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD JAN PY 2012 VL 39 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2011.09.012 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 860OP UT WOS:000297957900002 ER PT J AU Yasui, L Kroc, T Gladden, S Andorf, C Bux, S Hosmane, N AF Yasui, Linda Kroc, Thomas Gladden, Samantha Andorf, Christine Bux, Sajit Hosmane, Narayan TI Boron neutron capture in prostate cancer cells SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Boron neutron capture; BPA; Cell survival ID IN-VITRO; THERAPY; RADIATION; BOOST AB A modified enhanced thermal neutron beam (METNB) assembly at Fermilab was used to irradiate borylphenylalanine (BPA) treated human prostate cancer cells, DU 145. Acceptable cellular uptake levels of BPA and no BPA cytotoxicity were observed. In the absence of BPA, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the METNB was determined to be 2.3-4.8 times greater than gamma rays. An additional 1.2 or 1.4 fold relative enhancement from boron neutron capture (RE(BNC)) was observed for METNB irradiated DU 145 cells treated with 4.9 or 12 mM BPA, respectively. The additional cell killing of the BPA loaded DU 145 cells by the METNB at Fermilab is evidence for a BNC enhanced cell killing. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yasui, Linda; Gladden, Samantha] No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Bux, Sajit; Hosmane, Narayan] No Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Kroc, Thomas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Andorf, Christine] No Illinois Univ, Inst Neutron, Batavia, IL USA. [Bux, Sajit] Kishwaukee Community Hosp, De Kalb, IL USA. RP Yasui, L (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM lyasui@niu.edu FU Kishwaukee Community Hospital; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by a Kishwaukee Community Hospital Research Grant awarded to N.H. and S.B. and a National Science Foundation Grant to N.H. The authors acknowledge helpful discussion with Drs. Rolf Barth, Jeffrey Coderre, George Coutrakon, K.R. Saroja, Wayne Newhauser and Raymond Schinazi. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 70 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.07.001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 859UN UT WOS:000297901400002 PM 21784649 ER PT J AU Fassbender, M Taylor, W Vieira, D Nortier, M Bach, H John, K AF Fassbender, M. Taylor, W. Vieira, D. Nortier, M. Bach, H. John, K. TI Proton beam simulation with MCNPX/CINDER'90: Germanium metal activation estimates below 30 MeV relevant to the bulk production of arsenic radioisotopes SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE MCNPX; Proton beam simulation; (73)As; (74)As generation; Particle fluence modeling; (74,73)AS neutron capture target AB Germanium metal targets encapsulated in Nb shells were irradiated in a proton beam. Proton and secondary neutron beam fluences as well as radionuclide activity formation were modeled using MCNPX in combination with CINDER90. Targets were chemically processed using distillation and anion exchange. Good agreement between the measured radiochemical yields and MCNPX/CINDER90 estimates was observed. A target of pentavalent (73,74)AS radioarsenic for neutron activation studies was prepared. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fassbender, M.; Taylor, W.; Vieira, D.; Nortier, M.; Bach, H.; John, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Fassbender, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mfassbender@gmail.com OI Nortier, Francois/0000-0002-7549-8101 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Nuclear Physics; LANL-LDRD Program office FX We would like to thank the Isotope Program, US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Nuclear Physics, and the LANL-LDRD Program office for funding this work. Our thanks are also due to Dr. Nickie Peters from University of Missouri. Columbia, for verifying our MCNPX/CINDER'90 yield calculations. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 70 IS 1 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.08.014 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 859UN UT WOS:000297901400012 PM 21890369 ER PT J AU Yi, Z Nagao, M Bossev, DP AF Yi, Zheng Nagao, Michihiro Bossev, Dobrin P. TI Effect of charged lidocaine on static and dynamic properties of model bio-membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lidocaine; Phospholipid; Membrane; Neutron spin echo; Bending elasticity ID NEUTRON SPIN-ECHO; ANESTHETIC-LIPID INTERACTION; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; SATURATED PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PREFERENTIAL LOCATION; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES AB The effect of the charged lidocaine on the structure and dynamics of DMPC/DMPG (mass fraction of 95/5) unilamellar vesicles has been investigated. Changes in membrane organization caused by the presence of lidocaine were detected through small angle neutron scattering experiments. Our results suggest that the presence of lidocaine in the vicinity of the headgroups of lipid membranes leads to an increase of the area per lipid molecule and to a decrease of membrane thickness. Such changes in membrane structure may induce disordering of the tail group. This scenario explains the reduction of the main transition temperature of lipid membranes, as the fraction of lidocaine per lipid molecules increases, which was evident from differential scanning calorimetry results. Furthermore neutron spin echo spectroscopy was used for the dynamics measurements and the results reveal that presence of charged lidocaine increases the bending elasticity of the lipid membranes in the fluid phase and slows the temperature-dependent change of bending elasticity across the main transition temperature. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bossev, Dobrin P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Yi, Zheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT ORNL Ctr Mol Biophys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nagao, Michihiro] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bossev, DP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM dbossev@indiana.edu RI Yi, Zheng/F-7539-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-944772]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors acknowledge Tatiana Psurek for her help to our DSC measurements. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-944772. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We thank Antonio Faraone for his valuable discussion and his help with the data collection at NCNR and Larry Kneller for his support in our data analysis. NR 83 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 160 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.08.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 860QL UT WOS:000297962700003 PM 21982983 ER PT J AU Gardner, JG Zeitler, LA Wigstrom, WJS Engel, KC Keating, DH AF Gardner, Jeffrey G. Zeitler, Laura A. Wigstrom, Wendy Jo S. Engel, Kristine C. Keating, David H. TI A high-throughput solid phase screening method for identification of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria from environmental isolates SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Acrylamide; Cellulose; Environmental screening; Lignocellulose ID CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CELLVIBRIO-JAPONICUS; BIOMASS; SYSTEM; BIODEGRADATION; BIOCONVERSION; DEGRADATION; GROWTH; PLANTS AB The development of cost-effective biofuels will require improvements in the efficiency of biomass deconstruction, a process typically carried out by lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. Environmental microbes represent an abundant and diverse source of lignocelluloses-degrading enzymes for use in biotechnology. However, identification of microorganisms that possess these enzymes has been slowed by a lack of rapid screening methodologies, particularly those that utilize native lignocellulosic substrates. In this report, we describe a new, solid-phase screening system for the identification of microbes capable of lignocellulose degradation. The critical component of this screening system is the use of acrylamide, instead of agar, as the solidifying agent. Our results show that this screening method allows for the identification of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that possess cellulose and hemicellulose degrading activities from environmental isolates. C1 [Gardner, Jeffrey G.; Zeitler, Laura A.; Wigstrom, Wendy Jo S.; Engel, Kristine C.; Keating, David H.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Keating, DH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, 3554 Microbial Sci Bldg,1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dkeating@glbrc.wisc.edu FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (Department of Energy BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (Department of Energy BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). We wish to acknowledge Cameron Currie and Katherine McMahon for the generous gifts of microorganisms from Atta sp. colonies, and wastewater sludge, respectively. We also acknowledge the Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District Offices and Treatment Plant (Madison, WI) for wastewater sludge. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 34 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10529-011-0742-1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 859FK UT WOS:000297862100011 PM 21904949 ER PT J AU Xu, CG Gertner, GZ Scheller, RM AF Xu, Chonggang Gertner, George Z. Scheller, Robert M. TI Importance of colonization and competition in forest landscape response to global climatic change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-BOREAL FOREST; TREE SPECIES MIGRATION; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; WATERS CANOE AREA; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; NORTHEASTERN CHINA; ELEVATED CO2; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AB The tree species composition of a forested landscape may respond to climate change through two primary successional mechanisms: (1) colonization of suitable habitats and (2) competitive dynamics of established species. In this study, we assessed the relative importance of competition and colonization in forest landscape response (as measured by the forest type composition change) to global climatic change. Specifically, we simulated shifts in forest composition within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area of northern Minnesota during the period 2000-2400 AD. We coupled a forest ecosystem process model, PnET-II, and a spatially dynamic forest landscape model, LANDIS-II, to simulate landscape change. The relative ability of 13 tree species to colonize suitable habitat was represented by the probability of establishment or recruitment. The relative competitive ability was represented by the aboveground net primary production. Both competitive and colonization abilities changed over time in response to climatic change. Our results showed that, given only moderate-frequent windthrow (rotation period = 500 years) and fire disturbances (rotation period = 300 years), competition is relatively more important for the short-term (< 100 years) compositional response to climatic change. For longer-term forest landscape response (> 100 years), colonization became relatively more important. However, if more frequent fire disturbances were simulated, then colonization is the dominant process from the beginning of the simulations. Our results suggest that the disturbance regime will affect the relative strengths of successional drivers, the understanding of which is critical for future prediction of forest landscape response to global climatic change. C1 [Gertner, George Z.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Xu, Chonggang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Scheller, Robert M.] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Gertner, GZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, W-523 Turner Hall,MC 047,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gertner@illinois.edu RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009; xu, chonggang/B-1256-2012; OI Xu, Chonggang/0000-0002-0937-5744 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [MS 875-359]; U.S. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory [W8IEWF82580556] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture McIntire-Stennis funds (MS 875-359) and the U.S. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (W8IEWF82580556). We thank two anonymous reviewers for their very helpful comments which substantially improved this paper. NR 100 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0098-5 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859XY UT WOS:000297910300005 ER PT J AU Zhang, YX Qian, Y Duliere, V Salathe, EP Leung, LR AF Zhang, Yongxin Qian, Yun Duliere, Valerie Salathe, Eric P., Jr. Leung, L. Ruby TI ENSO anomalies over the Western United States: present and future patterns in regional climate simulations SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID US PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CENTER COUPLED MODEL; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; WRF AB Surface temperature, precipitation, specific humidity and wind anomalies associated with the warm and cold phases of ENSO simulated by WRF and HadRM are examined for the present and future decades. WRF is driven by ECHAM5 and CCSM3, respectively, and HadRM is driven by HadCM3. For the current decades, all simulations show some capability in resolving the observed warm-dry and cool-wet teleconnection patterns over the PNW and the Southwest U.S. for warm and cold ENSO. Differences in the regional simulations originate primarily from the respective driving fields. For the future decades, the warm-dry and cool-wet teleconnection patterns in association with ENSO are still represented in ECHAM5-WRF and HadRM. However, there are indications of changes in the ENSO teleconnection patterns for CCSM3-WRF in the future, with wet anomalies dominating in the PNW and the Southwest U.S. for both warm and cold ENSO, in contrast to the canonical patterns of precipitation anomalies. Interaction of anomalous wind flow with local terrain plays a critical role in the generation of anomalous precipitation over the western U.S. Anomalous dry conditions are always associated with anomalous airflow that runs parallel to local mountains and wet conditions with airflow that runs perpendicular to local mountains. Future changes in temperature and precipitation associated with the ENSO events in the regional simulations indicate varying responses depending on the variables examined as well as depending on the phase of ENSO. C1 [Zhang, Yongxin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Qian, Yun; Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Duliere, Valerie] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, Management Unit N Sea Math Models, Dept 6, Brussels, Belgium. [Salathe, Eric P., Jr.] Univ Washington, Bothell & Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zhang, YX (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM zhangyx@ucar.edu RI qian, yun/E-1845-2011 FU State of Washington as part of the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment; National Science Foundation [ATM0709856]; Microsoft Corporation gift to the Climate Impacts Group; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); National Science Foundation; Joint Institute of the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]; Environmental Protection Agency STAR FX This work is funded by the State of Washington as part of the Washington Climate Change Impacts Assessment; by an Environmental Protection Agency STAR Grant; by the National Science Foundation (ATM0709856); by a Microsoft Corporation gift to the Climate Impacts Group; and by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). We thank the PRECIS team from the UK Met Office and especially Richard Jones, David Hein, David Hassell and Simon Wilson for supplying the PRECIS package and helping us to use it. Part of the WRF simulations were performed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational and Information System Laboratory (CISL). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. This publication is also partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232. The PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2012 VL 110 IS 1-2 BP 315 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s10584-011-0088-7 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 859XY UT WOS:000297910300017 ER PT J AU Lemberg, JA Middlemas, MR Weingartner, T Gludovatz, B Cochran, JK Ritchie, RO AF Lemberg, Joseph A. Middlemas, Michael R. Weingaertner, Tobias Gludovatz, Bernd Cochran, Joe K. Ritchie, Robert O. TI On the fracture toughness of fine-grained Mo-3Si-1B (wt.%) alloys at ambient to elevated (1300 degrees C) temperatures SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Molybdenum silicides; Fracture toughness; Mechanical properties at high temperature; Mechanical properties at ambient temperature; Alloy design; Chemical map ID MO-SI-B; FATIGUE-CRACK-PROPAGATION; ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; DOPED MOLYBDENUM SILICIDES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; MO-12SI-8.5B AT.PERCENT; STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; DUCTILE-PHASE AB New structural alloys based on borosilicides of molybdenum have been considered as potential replacements for current Ni-base superalloys, as they show promise as highly oxidation- and creep-resistant materials while still maintaining a moderate level of damage tolerance. Two alloys, each composed of Mo-3Si-1B (wt.%) with nominally similar fine-grained microstructures, have been developed utilizing markedly differing processing routes. Here, we study the influence of processing route on the fracture toughness of alloys containing similar to 55 vol.% ductile alpha-Mo and similar to 45 vol.% brittle intermetallics (Mo3Si (A15) and Mo5SiB2 (T2)). The room temperature toughness of these two alloys is significantly lower than that of previously evaluated coarser-grained Mo-Si-B alloys with similar composition; however at 1300 degrees C, the crack-initiation toughness of the fine- and coarse-grained alloys are nearly identical. At lower temperatures, the current finer-grained materials behave in a brittle manner as the smaller grains do not provide much impediment to crack extension; cracks can advance with minimal deflection thereby limiting any extrinsic toughening. Plastic constraint of ductile alpha-Mo grains by the hard intermetallic grains also serves to lower the toughness. Silicon impurity concentrations in the grain boundaries in the fine-grained alloys are much higher, leading to lower grain-boundary strengths and contributing to the much lower room temperature initiation toughnesses of these alloys (no stable crack growth was observed), as compared to the coarser-grained alloys. At 1300 degrees C, the increased ductility of alpha-Mo allows for significant plasticity; the correspondingly much larger contribution from intrinsic toughening results in significantly enhanced toughness, such that the finer grain morphology becomes less important in limiting crack growl:h resistance. Further optimization of these alloys, however, is still required to tailor their microstructures for the mutually exclusive requirements of oxidation resistance, creep resistance and damage tolerance. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lemberg, Joseph A.; Gludovatz, Bernd; Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lemberg, Joseph A.; Ritchie, Robert O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Middlemas, Michael R.; Cochran, Joe K.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Weingaertner, Tobias] Karlsruher Inst Technol, Inst Angew Mat, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Hearst Mem Min Bldg,MC 1760, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0507]; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship FX This work was supported at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Research, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 (for JAL, BG, and ROR). The processing of the Middlemas alloy was performed at Georgia Institute of Technology (by MRM and JKC) and supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract no. N00014-08-1-0507. The authors wish to thank Dr. Martin Heilmaier and Plansee of Reutte, Tirol, Austria, for supplying us with the ULTMAT alloy and Craig Tewell and Miles Cliff at Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, for help with additional Auger spectroscopy measurements. JAL also would like to acknowledge several years of graduate student support from a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2012 VL 20 IS 1 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2011.09.003 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 859PW UT WOS:000297889300021 ER PT J AU Padilla, HA Lambros, J Beaudoin, AJ Robertson, IM AF Padilla, H. A. Lambros, J. Beaudoin, A. J. Robertson, I. M. TI Relating inhomogeneous deformation to local texture in zirconium through grain-scale digital image correlation strain mapping experiments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Image correlation; Microscale; Mesoscale; Representative volume element; Spearman rank correlation ID ELEMENT; MULTICRYSTAL AB The effect of local texture on inhomogeneous plastic deformation is studied in zirconium subjected to uniaxial compression. Cross-rolled commercially pure Zr 702 plate that had a strong basal (0001) texture through the plate thickness, and a non-basal texture in cross-section, was obtained. At a compressive strain rate of 1 s(-1), samples loaded either in the through-thickness or in-plane directions exhibited significant differences in yield strength, hardening response and failure mechanisms. These macroscopic differences are related to microstructural features by combining information from electron backscattered diffraction with real time in situ imaging and subsequent full-field strain measurements obtained using digital image correlation. Experimental results indicate that the through-thickness loaded zirconium samples, which show a strong basal-texture in the loading direction, do not deform homogeneously - implying the lack of a representative volume element. The detailed surface deformation fields provided by digital image correlation allow for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the relationship between grain orientation and patterns of deformation bands that form as the precursors to development of an adiabatic shear band in the through-thickness loaded sample. For the in-plane loaded samples, inhomogeneities still exist at the microscale, but the collective behavior of several grains leads to a homogeneous response at the macroscale. It is observed that local texture for hcp polycrystals, which are significantly slip restricted, can directly affect both local and global response, even at low to moderate plastic strains. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lambros, J.] Univ Illinois, Talbot Lab 306, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Padilla, H. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lambros, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Talbot Lab 306, MC 236, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hapadil@sandia.gov; lambros@illinois.edu; abeaudoi@illinois.edu; ianr@illinois.edu FU US Department of Energy [DEFG03-02-NA00072, DEFG52-06-NA26150, DEFG02-91-ER45439] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant DEFG03-02-NA00072, which is administered by the Center for the Simulation of Advanced Rockets (CSAR) at the University of Illinois at Urbana, as well as Grant DEFG52-06-NA26150. The microscopy was carried out with the assistance of James Mabon in the Center for Microanalysis of Materials, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the US Department of Energy under Grant DEFG02-91-ER45439. The authors also wish to thank the anonymous reviewers of this work for their excellent suggestions on how to improve it. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 49 IS 1 BP 18 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.09.001 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 860RA UT WOS:000297964200002 ER PT J AU Same, A Battaglia, V Tang, HY Park, JW AF Same, Adam Battaglia, Vincent Tang, Hong-Yue Park, Jae Wan TI In situ neutron radiography analysis of graphite/NCA lithium-ion battery during overcharge SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Neutron radiography; Lithium-ion battery; Lithium deposition ID DENDRITIC GROWTH; SHORT-CIRCUIT; CELLS; ELECTRODEPOSITS; DEPOSITION; SAFETY; MOTION AB Overcharge of lithium-ion batteries can lead to the deposition of lithium ions on the surface of graphite electrodes. The phenomenon of lithium deposition causes reduced electrochemical performance and presents safety concerns for lithium-ion batteries in high-power applications. This study presents a technique using neutron radiography (NR) for in situ visualization of the effects of overcharge in a graphite/NCA (LiNi(0.8)Co(0.15)Al(0.05)O(2)) lithium-ion cell. Patterns of deposition of solid material on the surface of the graphite electrode observed in the radiographs were confirmed by direct observation of the electrode. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to verify the elemental contents of the deposited material. NR is shown to be a promising tool for the study of lithium-ion batteries in high-power applications. C1 [Same, Adam; Tang, Hong-Yue; Park, Jae Wan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Battaglia, Vincent] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Park, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jwpark@ucdavis.edu FU Honghe Zheng at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Fuel Cell, Hydrogen, and Hybrid Vehicle (FCH2V) Graduate Automotive Technology Education Center of Excellence at the University of California, Davis FX We are thankful for the support of Honghe Zheng at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We also acknowledge the efforts of Ron Walker and the staff at the UC Davis McClellan Nuclear Research Center. This study was funded in part by the Fuel Cell, Hydrogen, and Hybrid Vehicle (FCH2V) Graduate Automotive Technology Education Center of Excellence at the University of California, Davis. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 68 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s10800-011-0363-3 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 860AN UT WOS:000297917600001 ER PT J AU Lutz, BD Bernhardt, ES Roberts, BJ Cory, RM Mulholland, PJ AF Lutz, Brian D. Bernhardt, Emily S. Roberts, Brian J. Cory, Rose M. Mulholland, Patrick J. TI Distinguishing dynamics of dissolved organic matter components in a forested stream using kinetic enrichments SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; HEADWATER STREAM; CARBON; BIOAVAILABILITY; METABOLISM; PERIPHYTON; NITROGEN; MARINE; RIVER AB Traditional methods for investigating stream solute biogeochemistry measure longitudinal rates of uptake by increasing either the concentration or isotopic composition of solutes. These methods cannot be applied to dissolved organic matter (DOM) because we cannot replicate the heterogeneous native DOM pool. We explored an alternative approach, attempting to displace or enhance benthic uptake of native DOM by supplying an exogenous source of labile carbon or by enriching the stream with inorganic nitrogen. This approach allows us to measure uptake rates of enriched solutes, as well as changes in the concentration and composition of native DOM resulting from the experimental manipulations. We examined DOM composition using fluorescence characterization. We were able to elicit changes in the chemical composition of native DOM by differentially altering the dynamics of autotrophic production and heterotrophic uptake within the second- order reach of Walker Branch, a well- studied stream in eastern Tennessee. Supplying heterotrophs with labile carbon resulted in an increase in fluorescence associated with terrestrially derived DOM. Stimulating algae by adding inorganic nitrogen increased autochthonous production and indirectly displaced heterotrophic demand for terrestrial DOM due to increased in- stream production of bioavailable DOM. While we were able to alter the composition of the native DOM pool, we observed little change in DOM concentrations. The ability to differentiate between DOM subcomponents provides insight into processes controlling DOM production and consumption that cannot be gained by treating DOM as a single bulk pool. C1 [Lutz, Brian D.] Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Roberts, Brian J.] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, DeFelice Marine Ctr, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Cory, Rose M.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lutz, BD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Univ Program Ecol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM brian.lutz@duke.edu RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; Cory, Rose/C-4198-2016; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Cory, Rose/0000-0001-9867-7084 FU North American Benthological Society; Sigma Xi; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; University of Tennessee-Battelle Limited Liability Company for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We thank Lou Kaplan for comments that were helpful for interpreting this dataset. Two anonymous reviews, as well as reviews from members of the Bernhardt Lab at Duke University, improved this manuscript. This work was partially funded by a President's Award from the North American Benthological Society's General Endowment Fund, as well as a Grant-in-Aid of Research from Sigma Xi (both to B. D. L.). A National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship funded B. D. L. This research effort was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Ecosystem Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the University of Tennessee-Battelle Limited Liability Company for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 45 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 57 IS 1 BP 76 EP 89 DI 10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0076 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 865OX UT WOS:000298321300007 ER PT J AU Balandina, AN Duday, PV Dudin, VI Glybin, AM Ivanov, VA Ivanovsky, AV Kraev, AI Nadezhin, SS Podurets, AM Skobelev, AN Tsibikov, AV Tyupanova, OA Zimenkov, AA Atchison, WL Griego, J Holtkamp, DB Kaul, AM Reinovsky, RE Tabaka, LJ Rousculp, CL Stone, JB Oro, DM Payton, JR AF Balandina, A. N. Duday, P. V. Dudin, V. I. Glybin, A. M. Ivanov, V. A. Ivanovsky, A. V. Kraev, A. I. Nadezhin, S. S. Podurets, A. M. Skobelev, A. N. Tsibikov, A. V. Tyupanova, O. A. Zimenkov, A. A. Atchison, W. L. Griego, J. Holtkamp, D. B. Kaul, A. M. Reinovsky, R. E. Tabaka, L. J. Rousculp, C. L. Stone, J. B. Oro, D. M. Payton, J. R. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Helical EMG Application for Aluminum Rheology Studies Experiments "R-Damage-8,9" SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE helical explosive magnetic generator; explosive opening switch; explosive interrupter; current pulse of the required form; evolution of damage; aluminum AB To study the peculiarities of initiation, evolution and recollection of spall-type damage under axis-symmetric convergence using the impact method, the test bench with an explosive magnetic pulsed power source (EPPS) on the basis of a helical generator with an explosive opening switch and a current interrupter has been created. The EPPS allows shaping the trapezoidal current pulses with the amplitude from 4 MA to 12 MA, full base duration from 10 to 250 mu s and front rise duration similar to 2 mu s in the load (liner). The magnetic field produced by the EMG current ensures the isentropic drive of a cylindrical liner used to create a shock wave of the required characteristics in the targets. In experiments "R-Damage-8,9" representing the completion stage of the experimental series "R-Damage-0-9" realized jointly by the VNIIEF and LANL teams we used the isentropically driven liners to realize a set of processes of shock-wave compression, evolution of damage and recollection of a damaged matter under axis-symmetric convergence in the extruded aluminum. The features of these processes were recorded with the use of PDV technique due to the time dependencies of the hollow targets' inner surface velocity. The presented method allowed apparently for the first time realizing the full and incomplete recollection of the main crack as the results of metallographic analysis have showed. This result made it possible to verify the numerical models of the damaged medium recollection being developed at the present time. C1 [Balandina, A. N.; Duday, P. V.; Dudin, V. I.; Glybin, A. M.; Ivanov, V. A.; Ivanovsky, A. V.; Kraev, A. I.; Nadezhin, S. S.; Podurets, A. M.; Skobelev, A. N.; Tsibikov, A. V.; Tyupanova, O. A.; Zimenkov, A. A.] RFNC VNIIEF, All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. [Atchison, W. L.; Griego, J.; Holtkamp, D. B.; Kaul, A. M.; Reinovsky, R. E.; Tabaka, L. J.; Rousculp, C. L.; Stone, J. B.; Oro, D. M.; Payton, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Balandina, AN (reprint author), RFNC VNIIEF, All Russia Res Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov, Russia. EM duday@elph.vniief.ru NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600010 ER PT J AU Buyko, AM Garanin, SF Kuznetsov, SD Reinovsky, RE AF Buyko, A. M. Garanin, S. F. Kuznetsov, S. D. Reinovsky, R. E. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Numerical Simulations of Foil Electrical Explosion under Helical EMG Current Drive for Warm Dense Matter Generation SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE warm dense matter; explosive magnetic flux compression generator; explosive opening switch ID THERMOPHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS AB Warm Dense Matter (WDM), i. e. substance at densities of the order of that of solids and temperatures of the order of 1-10 eV, can be produced using a helical explosive magnetic flux compression generator (EMG) with an opening switch. A diameter 200 mm EMG with an explosive opening switch can deliver a current of similar to 5 MA with a characteristic rise time of 0.3 mu s to drive thick wires (posts) and study WDM in larger volumes than on stationary facilities. An improved WDM generation system was investigated, in which WDM is produced in cylindrical geometry as a result of an electrical explosion of a thin metal foil, surrounded by an insulator. It is shown that in such a system driven by an EMG with an opening switch one can obtain a large volume of matter with density on the order of (0.01-1) of solid density and temperature about 2-3 eV with better accessibility for electric measurements. C1 [Buyko, A. M.; Garanin, S. F.; Kuznetsov, S. D.] All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys VNIIEF, Sarov, N Novgorod Regi, Russia. [Reinovsky, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Buyko, AM (reprint author), All Russian Res Inst Expt Phys VNIIEF, Sarov, N Novgorod Regi, Russia. FU LANS/VNIIEF [37713-000-02-35] FX This work is based on the results of the investigations conducted under the LANS/VNIIEF Contract #37713-000-02-35, Task Order 037. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600038 ER PT J AU Degnan, JH Amdahl, DJ Domonkos, M Grabowski, C Ruden, EL White, WM Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Sears, J Weber, T Waganaar, WJ Frese, MH Frese, SD Camacho, JF Coffey, SK Makhin, V Roderick, NF Gale, DG Kostora, M Lerma, A Roth, C Sommars, W Kiuttu, GF Bauer, BS Fuelling, S Lynn, AG Turchi, PJ AF Degnan, J. H. Amdahl, D. J. Domonkos, M. Grabowski, C. Ruden, E. L. White, W. M. Wurden, G. A. Intrator, T. P. Sears, J. Weber, T. Waganaar, W. J. Frese, M. H. Frese, S. D. Camacho, J. F. Coffey, S. K. Makhin, V. Roderick, N. F. Gale, D. G. Kostora, M. Lerma, A. Roth, C. Sommars, W. Kiuttu, G. F. Bauer, B. S. Fuelling, S. Lynn, A. G. Turchi, P. J. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Flux and Magnetized Plasma Compression Driven by Shiva Star SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE magnetized plasma; imploding liner; magneto-inertial fusion; field reversed configuration; compression; MIF; FRC ID FIELD-REVERSED CONFIGURATION; TARGET FUSION; LINER AB The AFRL Shiva Star capacitor bank (1300 microfarads, up to 120 kilovolts) operated typically with 4 to 5 megajoules of electrically stored energy, with axial discharge currents of 10 to 15 megamps, and current rise times of approximately 10 microseconds, has been used to drive metal shell (solid liner) implosions in several geometries, including long cylindrical designs, which are suitable for compression of axial magnetic fields to multi-megagauss levels. Such imploding liners are also suitable for compressing magnetized plasmas to magneto-inertial fusion conditions. MagnetoInertial Fusion (MIF) approaches take advantage of embedded magnetic field to improve plasma energy confinement by reducing thermal conduction relative to conventional inertial confinement fusion (ICF). MIF reduces required implosion speed and convergence ratio relative to ICF. AFRL, its contractors and collaborating institutions LANL, UNM, and UNR have developed one version of magnetized plasmas at pre-compression densities, temperatures, and magnetic fields that may be suitable for such compression. These are Field Reversed Configurations (FRCs). This effort reliably formed, translated, and captured FRCs in magnetic mirrors inside10 cm diameter, 30 cm long, mm thick metal shells or liners in preparation for subsequent compression by liner implosion; imploded a liner with an interior magnetic mirror field, obtaining evidence for compression of 1.36 T field to approximately 500 T; performed a full system experiment of FRC formation, translation, capture, and imploding liner compression operation; identified by comparison of 2D-MHD simulation and FRC capture experiments factors limiting the closed-field lifetime of FRCs to about half that required for good liner compression of FRCs to multi-keV, 10<^>19 ion/cm<^>3, high energy density plasma (HEDP) conditions; and designed and prepared hardware to increase that closed field FRC lifetime to the required amount. Those lifetime extension experiments have obtained imaging evidence of FRC rotation (which is a phenomenon that limits such closed field lifetimes), and of initial rotation control measures slowing and stopping such rotation. These and the results of subsequent closed field plasma lifetime and compression experiments and related simulations will be discussed. C1 [Degnan, J. H.; Amdahl, D. J.; Domonkos, M.; Grabowski, C.; Ruden, E. L.; White, W. M.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Wurden, G. A.; Intrator, T. P.; Sears, J.; Weber, T.; Waganaar, W. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Frese, S. D.; Camacho, J. F.; Coffey, S. K.; Makhin, V.; Roderick, N. F.] NumerEx LLC, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Gale, D. G.; Kostora, M.; Lerma, A.; Roth, C.; Sommars, W.] SAIC, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Kiuttu, G. F.] VariTech Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Bauer, B. S.; Fuelling, S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lynn, A. G.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Degnan, JH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764] FX This work was supported by The Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science, Grant IA-DE-AI02-04ER54764. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600021 ER PT J AU Glybin, AM Grinevich, BE Duday, PV Dudin, VI Egorychev, BT Ivanov, VA Ivanovskiy, AV Krayev, AI Kudelkin, VB Mattsev, YI Skobelev, AN Zimenkov, AA Reinovsky, RE Rousculp, CL AF Glybin, Alexey M. Grinevich, Boris E. Duday, Pavel V. Dudin, Vladimir I. Egorychev, Boris T. Ivanov, Vitaly A. Ivanovskiy, Andrey V. Krayev, Andrey I. Kudelkin, Valery B. Mattsev, Yuriy I. Skobelev, Alexander N. Zimenkov, Alexey A. Reinovsky, Robert E. Rousculp, Christopher L. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Model Experiments to Adjust the Elements of the Pulsed Power System for ALT-3 Assembly SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm AB Electromagnetic implosion of the cylindrical condensed liners is of great interest for the studies of high energy density physics, and in particular for getting pressures of terapascal range and for measuring the Hugoniots of materials under such pressures. The pulsed power systems on the basis of disk explosive magnetic generators (DEMG) provide the highest currents in the liner loads. A device on the basis of a 15-element DEMG SIC 0.4 m with a foil current opening switch and an explosive closing switch connecting the load is being developed to explore a possibility of driving the aluminum liner to a velocity of similar to 20 km/s and using it as an impactor. It is planned to check the operability of this device in the joint VNIIEF-LANL experiment ALT-3. To test the key systems of the ALT-3 assembly, a series of model experiments has been conducted. The model units will be described, the setup of the experiments testing the operability of the explosive current closing switch able to commute the currents of 60 - 70 MA and the system of high-voltage insulation of the line delivering the energy to the liner and able to withstand high voltages will be discussed. The experiment with the system modeling the ALT-3 device to check the scheme of operation of the pulsed power source' elements and the operability of disk elements under the explosive magnetic regime at the initial feeding current of 7.0 - 7.5 MA will be considered. C1 [Glybin, Alexey M.; Grinevich, Boris E.; Duday, Pavel V.; Dudin, Vladimir I.; Egorychev, Boris T.; Ivanov, Vitaly A.; Ivanovskiy, Andrey V.; Krayev, Andrey I.; Kudelkin, Valery B.; Mattsev, Yuriy I.; Skobelev, Alexander N.; Zimenkov, Alexey A.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. [Reinovsky, Robert E.; Rousculp, Christopher L.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Glybin, AM (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. EM krayev@elph.vniief.ru FU LANL [37713-000-02-35]; Advanced liner technology using VNIIEF DEMGs [10] FX The work described herein was partially funded by LANL under contract 37713-000-02-35, TO#10 "Advanced liner technology using VNIIEF DEMGs". NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600033 ER PT J AU Goerz, DA Reisman, DB Javedani, JB Paladichuk, JT Hare, DE Tallerico, LJ Earley, GG Kuklo, RM White, AD AF Goerz, D. A. Reisman, D. B. Javedani, J. B. Paladichuk, J. T. Hare, D. E. Tallerico, L. J. Earley, G. G. Kuklo, R. M. White, A. D. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Flat Plate FCG Experimental System for Material Studies SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE magnetic flux compression generator; explosive pulsed power AB Magnetic flux compression generators (FCGs) driven by high explosives can produce extremely high magnetic fields that are useful in accelerating metal liners and sample materials to high velocities to study their properties. For material studies requiring extremely high energy and applied pressures, explosive FCGs can far surpass the typical performance of capacitor based systems. Flat plate generators (FPGs) are useful in many flux compression applications. They are well suited for doing material studies in planar geometries, and they enable the use of certain diagnostic techniques, most notably flash X-ray radiography, which would be difficult if not impossible to utilize in coaxial geometries. Typical flat-plate generators have rather slow-rising output currents. This can cause loads to deform significantly before the highest rate of current gain from the generator can be reached. Shearer et al. at LLNL overcame this handicap by developing a version of FPG that used a flat plate armature and contoured stator. A rectangular block of high explosive (HE) is lit by a row of detonators placed across the width of the HE at a select location along the length of the generator. As the HE burns, the armature takes a characteristic shape determined by the line initiation location. At the appropriate time, the armature first contacts the stator near the input end, then continues to expand into a shape resembling the contoured stator. At late time, the armature contacts the stator at a shallow 1 to 2 degree phasing angle, which rapidly sweeps flux into the load, resulting in a fast current rise time. We have constructed a similar type generator for our present experimental work. It is capable of delivering 20 MA of current with a 2 to 4 mu s exponential rise time into suitable loads. This paper describes the design of LLNL's flat-plate FCG, along with results of modeling and simulation performed for its development. Experiments have been carried out using the FPG with seed currents ranging from 0.75 to 1.6 MA using capacitor banks, and up to 2 MA using a helical FCG. Accurate measurements of input and output currents have been made and performance agrees remarkably well with MHD simulations. Challenges faced with calibrating diagnostics and fielding these types of experiments will also be discussed. C1 [Goerz, D. A.; Reisman, D. B.; Javedani, J. B.; Paladichuk, J. T.; Hare, D. E.; Tallerico, L. J.; Earley, G. G.; Kuklo, R. M.; White, A. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goerz, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM goerz1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors acknowledge and appreciate the collaboration of AFRL in executing LLNL's first FPG experiment, especially the assistance of Jim Degnan, Jerry Kiuttu, Jerry Parker, Mark Lehr, Sean Coffey and their capable technical staff. The authors also acknowledge and appreciate the collaboration of LANL in executing four additional FPG experiments at their Ancho Canyon test site, especially the assistance of Jim Goforth, Hank Oona, Lenard Tabaka and Dennis Herrera. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600013 ER PT J AU Goforth, JH Alme, ML Atchison, WL Glover, BB Herrera, DH Holtkamp, DB Nelson, EM Meyer, RK Oona, H Rae, PJ Sheppard, MG Sgro, AG Tabaka, LJ Torres, DT Watt, RG Reisman, DB AF Goforth, J. H. Alme, M. L. Atchison, W. L. Glover, B. B. Herrera, D. H. Holtkamp, D. B. Nelson, E. M. Meyer, R. K. Oona, H. Rae, P. J. Sheppard, M. G. Sgro, A. G. Tabaka, L. J. Torres, D. T. Watt, R. G. Reisman, D. B. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI High Current Performance of the 43 cm Long Ranchero Generator SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE Flux compression generator; coaxial generator; high current AB A Ranchero flux compression generator (FCG) was recently tested at the 76 MA level. Ranchero generators were designed to be cost effective high current devices, and a variety of configurations have been tested. The Ranchero armature is a 152 mm diameter aluminum cylinder with a 6 mm thick wall. The high explosive (HE) is detonated simultaneously on axis, and the armature is expanded by a factor of two. At the final 300 mm diameter, the circumference is over 950 mm, which has been anticipated to accommodate currents approaching 100 MA. The test was performed with a 43 cm long module having an initial inductance of 56 nH, and a load inductance of 0.55 nH, consisting of a short load feed slot and probe grooves. A 12 mF capacitor bank at similar to 16.5 kV provided the initial 3.75 MA seed current. The performance of the generator with this load was calculated using a 2D MHD ALE code, and agreement was excellent. Generator design, test data, and details of the MHD calculations are given. The most important aspect of the results is verification of codes at the 76 MA level. The same codes do not show excessive losses up to the 100 MA level, and it is a much smaller extrapolation to that level at this time. C1 [Goforth, J. H.; Alme, M. L.; Atchison, W. L.; Glover, B. B.; Herrera, D. H.; Holtkamp, D. B.; Nelson, E. M.; Meyer, R. K.; Oona, H.; Rae, P. J.; Sheppard, M. G.; Sgro, A. G.; Tabaka, L. J.; Torres, D. T.; Watt, R. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Reisman, D. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Goforth, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU US DTRA; DOE FX This work supported by the US DTRA and DOE NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600008 ER PT J AU Javedani, JB Goerz, DA Reisman, DB Houck, TL Perkins, MP Richardson, RA Vogtlin, GE AF Javedani, J. B. Goerz, D. A. Reisman, D. B. Houck, T. L. Perkins, M. P. Richardson, R. A. Vogtlin, G. E. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Development of the Vacuum Power Flow Channel for the Mini-G SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE Explosively Driven Magnetic Flux Compression; FCG; CMG; Power Flow; Vacuum; Insulator; low inductance load; Computaional Codes; Test Stands ID INSULATOR FLASHOVER AB The Mini-G explosive pulsed power system is a two-stage helical-coaxial FCG that is geometrically a half-scale version of LLNL's FFT device. The generator is capable of delivering 60 MA currents and 10 MJ of energy to suitable inductive loads. The Mini-G is presently used in high-energy-density physics experiments that require efficient current delivery through a vacuum power flow region to the load. As with the FFT device, the Mini-G system requires a compact, high-voltage gas-to-vacuum insulator and low-inductance vacuum power flow channel to achieve high performance and maximum energy delivery. In designing the Mini-G system, we followed the successful approach used in developing the FFT device. This included shaping the electrodes and insulators to manage electric field enhancements, applying coatings to cathode surfaces to suppress electron field emission, introducing baffles to the power flow channel to block UV, and applying coatings to electrode surfaces to absorb UV. This paper describes the design of the Mini-G vacuum interface and power flow region, and results of modeling and simulations that were done to evaluate and optimize performance. Appropriate codes were used to examine electric field enhancements, magnetic insulation, flashover inhibition and UV ray tracing in the channel. In this paper, we also present results of laboratory testing on HV vacuum insulator materials and shapes, UV induced insulator flashover, along with measurements of HV thresholds for electron emission. We also report on UV reflectance data for some of the coatings considered. To date, there have been eight experiments performed using the Mini-G system. For the first two tests, the power flow channel had an extremely low vacuum inductance of 0.9 nH. On the second Mini-G test it appeared that a partial shorting occurred in the power flow channel, limiting full energy delivery to the load. The design was modified to reduce electrical stress, improve UV attenuation, and incorporate additional diagnostics. This increased the inductance of the power flow channel to 1.5 nH. On the third Mini-G test the partial shorting reoccurred and the new diagnostics (inner Bdot probe) helped to identify the location at the vacuum insulator surface - about 10% of total current of 41 MA was diverted into the short. Further design modifications were incorporated to decrease electrical stress across the insulator and reduce UV illumination of the insulator surface. This increased the inductance of the power flow channel to 1.9 nH. On subsequent Mini- G experiments full current delivery to the load has been achieved with no occurrence of shorting. C1 [Javedani, J. B.; Goerz, D. A.; Reisman, D. B.; Houck, T. L.; Perkins, M. P.; Richardson, R. A.; Vogtlin, G. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Javedani, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM javedani1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the outstanding support of associate electrical engineer Ron Speer and associate mechanical engineer Tony Ferriera along with their technical staff who performed experiments in the Pulsed Power Lab and supported field tests. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600012 ER PT J AU Kaul, AM AF Kaul, Ann M. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI A Consistent Approach to Modeling MHD-driven Cylindrical Damage Experiments SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE magnetohydrodynamic; damage; failure; simulation AB Well-characterized experimental data is essential for development of models describing complex material processes such as damage and failure. There is currently a dearth of experimental data capturing material behavior for the processes of non-uniaxial loading to failure and void closure after damage. LANL and VNIIEF recently completed a series of ten helical-generator-driven cylindrical damage experiments using high-precision diagnostics to measure the drive conditions and the material response. These experiments produced a well-characterized damage data set ranging from void initiation to complete failure and recollection for a well-studied material, aluminum. Combining magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) and material modeling capabilities in a Lagrangian hydrocode allows for self-consistent end-to-end simulations of MHD-driven material property experiments. Simulation results for the damage experiments compared to experimental data will be presented. C1 [Kaul, Ann M.] LANL, XCP 5, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Kaul, AM (reprint author), LANL, XCP 5, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory [DEAC52-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DEAC52-06NA25396. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600029 ER PT J AU Lindemuth, IR Siemon, RE Bauer, BS Atchison, WL AF Lindemuth, Irvin R. Siemon, Richard E. Bauer, Bruno S. Atchison, Walter L. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Verification and Validation Adventures in Simulating Megagauss-Magnetic-Field-Induced Plasma Formation on Thickwire Metallic Surfaces SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE megagauss magnetic fields; magnetohydrodynamics; Eulerian and Lagrangian simulations AB We discuss various verification and validation issues in computational modeling of a series of aluminum "thick-wire," i.e., rod, experiments that have been conducted on the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR) Zebra generator (2 TW, 1 MA, 100 ns). These conceptually simple experiments involve multi-megagauss surface magnetic fields and have proven to be exceptionally rich in physical phenomena. The experiments also present severe computational challenges. We show that with a proper choice of equation-of-state and resistivity models Eulerian simulations can reproduce many of the observations to a reasonable degree. We also show that Eulerian and Lagrangian computations agree only with serious caveats, leading to the question of whether or not the computations are satisfactorily verified. C1 [Lindemuth, Irvin R.; Siemon, Richard E.; Bauer, Bruno S.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Atchison, Walter L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lindemuth, IR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600028 ER PT J AU Reisman, DB Javedani, JB Ellsworth, GF Paladichuk, JT Kuklo, RM Goerz, DA White, AD Earley, G Tallerico, LJ Murphy, MJ Chase, JB AF Reisman, D. B. Javedani, J. B. Ellsworth, G. F. Paladichuk, J. T. Kuklo, R. M. Goerz, D. A. White, A. D. Earley, G. Tallerico, L. J. Murphy, M. J. Chase, J. B. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Explosive Flux Compression Generators at LLNL SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE flux compression generators; power flow; helical generators AB At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory we have developed a coupled helical-coaxial FCG device called the Full Function Test (FFT). This device was used to deliver 98 MA of current and 66 MJ of energy to an inductive load. The successful testing of the FFT represented the culmination of an effort to establish a high-energy pulsed power program that would greatly exceed the performance of capacitor bank facilities. Using the modeling, design, and experimental capabilities developed for the FFT, we have developed a new generator, the Mini-G. Based upon a half-scaling of the FFT device, the Mini-G is a coupled helical-coaxial FCG capable of delivering up to 60 MA of current and 8 MJ of energy. We will describe the design of this generator which involved the use of simulation codes as well as innovative pulsed power techniques to obtain a compact, optimized device. C1 [Reisman, D. B.; Javedani, J. B.; Ellsworth, G. F.; Paladichuk, J. T.; Kuklo, R. M.; Goerz, D. A.; White, A. D.; Earley, G.; Tallerico, L. J.; Murphy, M. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chase, J. B.] Jay B Chase Consulting, Livermore, CA USA. RP Reisman, DB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Bruce Goodwin, Charlie Verdon and Scott McAllister. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600011 ER PT J AU Rousculp, CL Reass, WA Oro, DM Turchi, PJ Hollander, BJ Griego, JR Reinovsky, RE AF Rousculp, C. L. Reass, W. A. Oro, D. M. Turchi, P. J. Hollander, B. J. Griego, J. R. Reinovsky, R. E. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI The PHELIX Pulsed Power Project: Bringing Portable Magnetic Drive to Proton Radiography SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE pulsed power hydrodynamics; liners; proton radiography AB The PHELIX pulsed power project will introduce magnetically driven hydrodynamics experiments to the Los Alamos National Laboratory's proton radiography facility (pRad). The Precision High Energy-density Liner Implosion eXperiment (PHELIX) has been commissioned at Los Alamos. A small footprint capacitor bank consisting of four parallel, air-insulated, single-stage, marx units (U similar to 300 kJ) is cable coupled to a toroidal, current step-up transformer to deliver multi-megampere current pulses (t(pulse) similar to 10 mu s) to cm size cylindrical loads. In a sequence of tests the performance of each component (capacitor bank and transformer) was evaluated and compared to a computer model. The transformer coupling was observed to be k similar to 0.93. A series of liner implosion experiments has been performed in which an aluminum liner (R similar to 3 cm, r = 0.8 mm, L = 3 cm) was accelerated to a velocity of similar to 1 km/s. The suite of machine diagnostics included linear Rogowski coils and Faraday rotation for current measurements. The experimental diagnostics include B-dot probes, multi-channel photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV), and single-frame, flash X-radiography to evaluate the performance of the high precision liner implosion. Currently, work is focused on integrating PHELIX into normal operations with the 800 MeV proton radiography facility at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), to enable high-resolution, high-frame-rate imaging of hydrodynamic experiments. C1 [Rousculp, C. L.; Reass, W. A.; Oro, D. M.; Turchi, P. J.; Hollander, B. J.; Griego, J. R.; Reinovsky, R. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rousculp, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rousculp@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Work supported by U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600042 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ AF Turchi, P. J. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Beyond Phelix: Compact Transformer Drive For Other High Current Applications SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE pulsed power; transformer; DPF ID PLASMA-FLOW SWITCH AB The approach called PHELIX, for Precision High Energy-density Liner Implosion eXperiment, provides a technique to allow research on high energy-density phenomena associated with liner implosions in a scaled-down system suitable for use with proton radiography. In the embodiment selected at Los Alamos National Laboratory, a static transformer arrangement is used to obtain currents in excess of 5MA from a compact, 486 kJ capacitor bank that provides 1.3 MA to the primary circuit. The cm-scale liner implosion on the secondary side successfully attains speeds in the km/s range. It has been noted that the ratio of load current to bank energy is almost an order of magnitude higher using this transformer technique than achievable with direct drive from high energy capacitor banks. This increase in current per stored-joule offers the opportunity for using similar transformer arrangements for other applications apart from imploding liners. These potential applications include rail-guns, and the dense plasma focus (DPF). In the latter case, the strong dependence of neutron yield on peak current (Y similar to J4, perhaps) places a premium on performing DPF research at higher currents. For systems comparable to the PHELIX apparatus at LANL, modest capacitor banks may thus allow progress on DPF studies without demanding large systems, such as Shiva Star or Atlas. Similar improvements in the current per joule may also apply to explosively-driven generator sources, thereby reducing the resources required for explosive operation. Larger devices to obtain operation at much higher currents (e.g., beyond Z) may also be possible. Results from the dimensionless analyses previously used successfully to design PHELIX will be described for these new applications and design limitations will be discussed. Such limitations may require a shift to dynamically-switched vs static transformer operation, which may be satisfactory for experiments that involve significant load and diagnostic refurbishment each shot. C1 [Turchi, P. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600043 ER PT J AU Turchi, PJ AF Turchi, P. J. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Physical Evolution of Metal Surface Layers Exposed to Pulsed Megagauss Magnetic Fields SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE megagauss; conductors ID COMPRESSION; PLASMA AB Metal surfaces exposed to pulsed high magnetic fields in vacuum can experience phase transitions within the metal, vapor over the surface and the development of various dynamic and thermal phenomena that can adversely affect performance. The desired performance may include implosion of a liner without deleterious effects of perturbation growth on the outer surface, or liner compression of buffer magnetic flux surrounding plasma without penetration by high-Z metal vapor. The complexity of interactions and processes has made this a long-standing problem for both theoretical modeling and experimental diagnosis. As a guide for further work, the present paper steps through the physical evolution of the several portions of the surface layer from early heating by skin currents and vapor production, to the possible transition of this vapor into significant plasma. With additional heating, after the onset of nonlinear diffusion, the current density in the metal near the surface becomes roughly uniform and continued resistive heating allows transition from solid to liquid state. As a liquid subject to acceleration, perturbations can grow exponentially. Such growth, however, is restrained for perturbations with wavelengths not small compared to the thickness of the liquid layer. Similar restrained growth of perturbations can occur in the vapor/plasma layer, which may also be thinner than wavelengths of concern (e.g., thickness of region of buffer flux). Experimental attempts to understand the evolution described here suffer due to severe variations of material properties from the metal surface through vapor and plasma, with opportunities for inhomogeneities and nonequilibrium in many forms, and associated uncertainties in transport properties and observed radiation. C1 [Turchi, P. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Turchi, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600031 ER PT J AU White, AD Milhous, DP Goerz, DA Anderson, RA Ferriera, TJ Speer, RD Kuklo, RM Young, AJ Lahowe, DA Mease, GR Suda, MA Wiltse, AD Reisman, DB Daykin, EP AF White, A. D. Milhous, D. P. Goerz, D. A. Anderson, R. A. Ferriera, T. J. Speer, R. D. Kuklo, R. M. Young, A. J. Lahowe, D. A. Mease, G. R. Suda, M. A. Wiltse, A. D. Reisman, D. B. Daykin, E. P. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI Explosive Pulsed Power Experimental Capability at LLNL SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE flux compression generator; explosive pulsed power AB LLNL has developed a family of advanced magnetic flux compression generators (FCGs) used to perform high energy density physics experiments and material science studies. In recent years we have performed these experiments at explosive test sites in New Mexico and Nevada. In 2011, we re-established an explosive pulsed power test facility closer to Livermore. LLNL's Site 300 is a U.S. DOE-NNSA experimental test site situated on 7000 acres in rural foothills approximately 15 miles southeast of Livermore. It was established in 1955 as a non-nuclear explosives test facility to support LLNL's national security mission. On this site there are numerous facilities for fabricating, storing, assembling, and testing explosive devices. Site 300 is also home to some of DOE's premier facilities for hydrodynamic testing, with sophisticated diagnostics such as high-speed imaging, flash X-ray radiography, and other advanced diagnostics for performing unique experiments such as shock physics experiments, which examine how materials behave under high pressure and temperature. We have converted and upgraded one particular firing bunker at Site 300 (known as Bunker 851) to provide the necessary infrastructure to support high explosive pulsed power (HEPP) experiments. In doing so, we were able to incorporate our established practices for handling grounding, shielding, and isolation of auxiliary systems and diagnostics, in order to effectively manage the large voltages produced by FCGs, and minimize unwanted coupling to diagnostic data. This paper will discuss some of the key attributes of the Bunker 851 facility, including the specialized firesets and isolated initiation systems for multistage explosive systems, a detonator-switched seed bank that operates while isolated from earth and building ground, a fiber-optic based timing, triggering and control system, an EMI Faraday cage that completely encloses diagnostic sensors, cabling and high-resolution digitizers, optical fiber-based velocimetry and current sensor systems, and a flash X-ray radiography system. The photos and experimental results from recent FCG experiments will also be shown and discussed. C1 [White, A. D.; Milhous, D. P.; Goerz, D. A.; Anderson, R. A.; Ferriera, T. J.; Speer, R. D.; Kuklo, R. M.; Young, A. J.; Lahowe, D. A.; Mease, G. R.; Suda, M. A.; Wiltse, A. D.; Reisman, D. B.; Daykin, E. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP White, AD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM white210@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DEAC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DEAC52-07NA27344. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600030 ER PT J AU Wisher, M Bang, W Bengtson, RD Lewis, SM McCormick, M Quevedo, HJ Struve, KW AF Wisher, Matt Bang, Woosuk Bengtson, Roger D. Lewis, Sean M. McCormick, Matt Quevedo, Hernan J. Struve, Kenneth W. BE Kiuttu, GF Struve, KW Degnan, JH TI The Design and Performance of a Portable Megagauss Magnetic Field Generator for Laser/Cluster Interactions SO 2012 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATION AND RELATED TOPICS (MEGAGUSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS) CY OCT 14-19, 2012 CL Maui, HI SP IEEE, MG Inst Inc, US & Russian labs, European & Chinese labs, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, IEEE Pulsed Power Sci & Technol Comm DE Megagauss; magnetic field; neutrons; femtosecond laser; clusters; pulsed power; fusion; magnetized HEDP ID ULTRASHORT LASER-PULSES; NUCLEAR-FUSION DRIVEN; HIGH-ENERGY IONS; DEUTERIUM CLUSTERS; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; NEUTRON EMISSION; EXPLOSIONS; PLASMA AB Our objective is to create a unique environment consisting of a magnetized high energy density plasma (n similar to 10(19) cm(-3), T similar to 10 keV) produced by laser irradiation of atomic or molecular clusters in a megagauss magnetic field. With deuterium or CD4 clusters the DD fusion neutron yield can be up to 10(7) neutrons/shot. Requirements on the magnetic field source are: on-axis field strength of 1-2 megagauss in a cylindrical volume of 1 cm(3) (reaching beta similar to 1 for 10 keV plasma), portability so it can be installed at laser facilities e.g. Texas Petawatt Laser (TPW), operation in vacuum conditions, and constant field for similar to 100 ns. In a collaboration between the University of Texas at Austin (UT) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), we have designed, built, and tested a pulsed power source suitable for cluster fusion experiments at the TPW. Some of the salient design features include use of low inductance circuit elements, a single-turn coil, ten 3.1 mu F 100 kV high energy density capacitors (15.5 kJ each), and one high voltage spark gap switch per capacitor. Each capacitor discharges via six high voltage cables into a conical transmission line, which feeds into a vacuum chamber through an insulator stack similar to that of the Z machine at SNL. Current rise time is 1.7 mu s with peak current up to 2 MA; system inductance is about 48 nH, including the single-turn coil. A major challenge was to drive the current through the coil in vacuum conditions without a significant inductance penalty or damage to the vacuum system. The single-turn coil, made from 1/8 '' thick copper, is destroyed every shot. Clearing shot debris, replacing the coil, and achieving the required vacuum pressure of <= 10(-5) Torr reduces the repetition rate to 2 - 3 shots per day. C1 [Wisher, Matt; Bang, Woosuk; Bengtson, Roger D.; Lewis, Sean M.; McCormick, Matt; Quevedo, Hernan J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Struve, Kenneth W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wisher, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5720-3 PY 2012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9IT UT WOS:000393288600004 ER PT S AU Mitchell, JJ Glenn, NF Anderson, MO Hruska, RC Halford, A Baun, C Nydegger, N AF Mitchell, Jessica J. Glenn, Nancy F. Anderson, Matthew O. Hruska, Ryan C. Halford, Anne Baun, Charlie Nydegger, Nick GP IEEE TI UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING FOR DRYLAND VEGETATION MONITORING SO 2012 4TH WORKSHOP ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (WHISPERS) SE Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing - Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS) CY JUN 04-07, 2012 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, HySpex, ASD, EXELIS, Itres, Golden Way Sci, ESRI, NBL DE UAV; hyperspectral; vegetation; classification; dryland AB UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing capabilities developed by the Idaho National Lab and Idaho State University, Boise Center Aerospace Lab, were recently tested via demonstration flights that explored the influence of altitude on geometric error, image mosaicking, and dryland vegetation classification. The test flights successfully acquired usable flightline data capable of supporting classifiable composite images. Unsupervised classification results support vegetation management objectives that rely on mapping shrub cover and distribution patterns. Overall, supervised classifications performed poorly despite spectral separability in the image-derived endmember pixels. In many cases, the supervised classifications accentuated noise or features in the mosaic that were artifacts of color balancing and "feathering" areas of flightline overlap. Future mapping efforts that leverage ground reference data, ultra-high spatial resolution photos and time series analysis should be able to effectively distinguish native grasses such as Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda), from invasives such as burr buttercup (Ranunculus testiculatus). C1 [Mitchell, Jessica J.; Glenn, Nancy F.] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Anderson, Matthew O.; Hruska, Ryan C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Halford, Anne] Bureau Land Management, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Baun, Charlie; Nydegger, Nick] Idaho Mil Div, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Mitchell, JJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-6268 BN 978-1-4799-3406-5 J9 WORK HYPERSP IMAG PY 2012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BB7MO UT WOS:000345747000095 ER PT S AU Nadelson, L Seifert, L Hettinger, JK AF Nadelson, Louis Seifert, Louise Hettinger, Jill K. GP ASEE TI Teaching by Design: Preparing K-12 Teachers to Use Design across the Curriculum SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE ID ACHIEVEMENT; TECHNOLOGY; BELIEFS; MATTER AB Engineering design holds great potential as a STEM instructional approach. By capitalizing on the design process teachers can enhance student engagement, motivation, application of knowledge, and self assessment; elements essential for deep learning in STEM. Yet, many K-12 educators are not familiar with the structure, elements, and process of engineering design. Their unfamiliarity indicates a need to address K-12 teacher knowledge of engineering design to prepare them to use the process for instruction. We answered this call by making engineering design a theme and focus of a residential four-day summer institute for K-12 teachers. Through a combination of presentations, hands-on activities and examples of profession engineering applications, we provided 250 K-12 educators with foundational knowledge of the design process. Our pre to post-institute measures revealed significant increases in their knowledge of design and increases in their ability to communicate the similarities and/or differences between scientific inquiry and engineering design. Implications and directions for further research are discussed. C1 [Nadelson, Louis; Hettinger, Jill K.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Seifert, Louise] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Nadelson, L (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253702020 ER PT S AU Pai, BK AF Pai, Bipin K. GP ASEE TI USING ONLINE QUIZZES AND DISCUSSION FORUMS TO ENHANCE LEARNING NUMERICAL METHODS SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB The use of quizzes to enhance learning outcomes has been used by educators in several courses to various degrees of success. On our campus the class on numerical methods has been offered for the past two summers as a hybrid course, with both the online and face-to-face components. As it is a course offered in the summer's shortened eight-week session, the 3-credit hour course in only a face-to-face class setting typically meets two hours, thrice a week. The hybrid course that was taught in the past two summers met once a week and the other two meetings were conducted as "online" meetings. The purpose of this paper is a description of how an existing course was transformed to a hybrid course and how the use of online activities such as quizzes and discussion forums has helped in the student performances in the course. By assigning a substantial portion of the course grade to online quizzes and homework (in this course 20%), the author essentially forced the students to use the Blackboard Vista course management system (http://blackboard.com), which is available freely to our students on campus. The Blackboard Vista system is also available to students either on-campus or off-campus. Technology and skill requirements are made clear to the students who sign up for the course. The students are also made aware of the participation expectations. For the pilot study the author used online quizzes to help him in the teaching delivery of the numerical methods course. In addition, one of the other requirements for the online portion of the course was that all students had to participate actively in online discussion forums. Only 5% of the course grade was attributed to the online discussions. The students had to post at least one new discussion thread on a topic and respond to at least two others. The discussions were monitored by the author and the rules of "netiquette" were explained at the beginning of the course making it very clear that any use of "foul" language will not be tolerated. It was not very surprising to find that the students who took the online quizzes and who participated actively in the online discussion forums actually performed much better in their mid-term and final exams than those that didn't participate actively in the online activities. There were no control groups set to determine the effect of taking online quizzes and participating in online discussion forums. It just so happened that two or three students did not participate actively in the online quizzes and/or discussions. Therefore it was possible to do a comparison between those who participated in online activities with those who did not. C1 [Pai, Bipin K.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Honors Program, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Pai, Bipin K.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Mech Engn, Hammond, IN USA. [Pai, Bipin K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Pai, BK (reprint author), Purdue Univ Calumet, Honors Program, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253706003 ER PT S AU Shekoyan, V Holden, T Armendariz, R Takai, H Dehipawala, S Kokkinos, DS Sullivan, R Tremberger, G Marchese, PJ Lieberman, DH Cheung, T AF Shekoyan, Vazgen Holden, Todd Armendariz, Raul Takai, Helio Dehipawala, Sunil Kokkinos, Dimitrios S. Sullivan, Regina Tremberger, George, Jr. Marchese, Paul J. Lieberman, David H. Cheung, Tak GP ASEE TI TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY IN REQUIRED SCIENCE COURSES FOR NON-STEM STUDENTS IN A COMMUNITY COLLEGE WITH EXTENSION TO JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB Technological literacy is an important outcome for a non-STEM student taking a required science course to function effectively in our technology driven economy. We have found that the development of technological literacy in a non-STEM science course benefited from our experience in teaching engineering technology courses and practical field training with students. Social technological issues such as the pros and cons of various energy sources and genetically modified food are crucial elements for choices in a democratic society. The understanding of current personal technological devices, such as cell phones, and the pivotal science-based technology for the expected next generation of products could fundamentally shift understanding of technology with a positive effect on the economy. Such emphases have been taught in the two introductory science courses, Principles of Astronomy and Space, and Principles of Physics. Examples in imaging, remote sensing and control, wireless communication, fusion, radioactive dating, and others have been used to convey technological literacy in three cognitive dimensions: (1) knowledge, (2) capabilities, and (3) critical thinking and decision-making, consistent with the recommendation of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). The astronomy course, which includes discussion of NASA priorities and operations, has been found to fulfill the five technological literacy expectations recommended by International Technology Education Association (ITEA); in addition to the usual science literacy requirement. Junior high school science sessions have been conducted with the inclusion of technological literacy as well, and our preliminary findings suggest that technological literacy would promote interests of parents and provide encouragement for STEM majors in families. C1 [Shekoyan, Vazgen; Armendariz, Raul; Dehipawala, Sunil; Sullivan, Regina; Tremberger, George, Jr.; Marchese, Paul J.; Lieberman, David H.] CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, Bayside, NY 11364 USA. [Holden, Todd; Kokkinos, Dimitrios S.] CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, Dept Phys, Bayside, NY 11364 USA. [Takai, Helio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Takai, Helio] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Cheung, Tak] CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, Phys, Bayside, NY USA. RP Shekoyan, V (reprint author), CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, Bayside, NY 11364 USA. EM dkokkinos@qcc.cuny.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AU UT WOS:000380253705040 ER PT S AU Tremberger, G Armendariz, R Takai, H Holden, T Austin, S Johnson, LP Marchese, PJ Lieberman, DH Cheung, T AF Tremberger, George Armendariz, Raul Takai, Helio Holden, Todd Austin, Shermane Johnson, Leon P. Marchese, Paul J. Lieberman, David H. Cheung, Tak GP ASEE TI AC 2012-3977: APPLICATIONS OF ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER IN STUDENT PROJECTS IN A COMMUNITY COLLEGE SO 2012 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 10-13, 2012 CL San Antonio, TX SP ASEE AB The Arduino microcontroller has been incorporated in our community college student projects, including interface with GPS receiver for the application of measuring ionospheric disturbance. Our Arduino microcontroller was designed with an ATmega328 chip that enables the training of our community college students to work on the CUNY miniaturized satellite (CubeSat) project at the NASA critical review phase. The Arduino teaching protocol was implemented with our experience in teaching the National Instruments LabVIEW controlled data acquisition board and Lego Mindstorms NXT programming lessons. Particular satellite engineering criteria, such as power consumption, interface algorithm, etc., are highlighted in contrast to those criteria in a typical data acquisition environment. The operation timing issue in CubeSat module necessitates the inclusion of number crunching in the Arduino lessons as well. Arduino microcontroller application was found to be supportive in a laser lab class where students learn about general lab control and data acquisition techniques in addition to their laser work. Less critical applications such as FM detection with Arduino microcontrollers are popular in hobby electronics and readily attract the attention of students in introductory lab sessions. Currently an application of the Arduino microcontroller in field operation is being developed with Brookhaven National Lab to strengthen our engineering technology curriculum. Extension to the use of Arduino microcontroller in atmospheric disturbance studies is also discussed. C1 [Tremberger, George; Armendariz, Raul; Holden, Todd; Marchese, Paul J.; Lieberman, David H.; Cheung, Tak] CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, New York, NY 11364 USA. [Takai, Helio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Austin, Shermane; Johnson, Leon P.] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. RP Tremberger, G (reprint author), CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, New York, NY 11364 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2012 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BF1AS UT WOS:000380250101057 ER PT J AU Xu, DB Sun, CJ Brewe, DL Chen, JS Heald, SM Chow, GM AF Xu, D. B. Sun, C. J. Brewe, D. L. Chen, J. S. Heald, S. M. Chow, G. M. GP IEEE TI Investigation of heat sink layer Ag thickness-dependent time-resolved lattice dynamics in FePt/Ag heat assisted magnetic recording media SO 2012 DIGEST ASIA-PACIFIC MAGNETIC RECORDING CONFERENCE (APMRC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digest Asia-Pacific Magnetic Recording Conference (APMRC) CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2012 CL A STAR Data Storage Inst, Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Magnet, IEEE Singapore Sect HO A STAR Data Storage Inst DE HAMR; Time-resolved; Lattice dynamics; Heat sink AB Time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD) is employed to investigate the lattice dynamics during thermal transport in FePt/Ag heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media by varying Ag heat sink layer thickness. The x-ray de-convoluted results not only show the possibility to spatiotemporally separate the electron and phonon thermal transport, but also indicate that the thickness mainly has effects on the phonon thermal transport rather than electron diffusion thermal transport C1 [Xu, D. B.; Chen, J. S.; Chow, G. M.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. [Xu, D. B.; Sun, C. J.; Brewe, D. L.; Heald, S. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brewe, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM g0800370@nus.edu.sg; cjsun@aps.anl.gov; brewe@aps.anl.gov; msecj@nus.edu.sg; heald@aps.anl.gov; msecgm@nus.edu.sg FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DEAC02-06CH11357]; Ministry of Education, Singapore [R-284-000-061-112]; A*STAR [R-284-000-082-305] FX Work at Argonne is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contracts No. DEAC02-06CH11357. Work at National University of Singapore is supported by Ministry of Education, Singapore under grant No. R-284-000-061-112, and A*STAR under grant R-284-000-082-305. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4734-1 PY 2012 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG9AU UT WOS:000392931900115 ER PT S AU Meng, J Kaplan, F Hsieh, M Coskun, AK AF Meng, Jie Kaplan, Fulya Hsieh, Mingyu Coskun, Ayse K. BE Katkoori, S Guthaus, M Coskun, A Burg, A Reis, R TI Topology-Aware Reliability Optimization for Multiprocessor Systems SO 2012 IEEE/IFIP 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VLSI AND SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (VLSI-SOC) SE IEEE-IFIP International Conference on VLSI and System-on-Chip LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IFIP/IEEE International conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC) CY OCT 07-10, 2012 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP IFIP, IEEE AB High on-chip temperatures adversely affect the reliability of processors, and reliability has become a serious concern as high performance computing moves towards exascale. While dynamic thermal management techniques can effectively constrain the chip temperature, most prior work has focused on temperature and reliability optimization of a single processor. In this work, we propose a topology-aware workload allocation policy to optimize the reliability of multi-chip multicore systems at runtime. Our results show that the proposed policy improves the system reliability by up to 123.3% compared to existing temperature balancing policies when systems have medium to high utilization. We also demonstrate that the policy is scalable to larger systems and its performance overhead is minimal. C1 [Meng, Jie; Kaplan, Fulya; Coskun, Ayse K.] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hsieh, Mingyu] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Meng, J (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jiemeng@bu.edu; fkaplan3@bu.edu; myhsieh@sandia.gov; acoskun@bu.edu FU NSF [CNS-1149703]; Sandia National Laboratories FX This work has been partially funded by NSF grant CNS-1149703 and Sandia National Laboratories. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2324-8432 BN 978-1-4673-2658-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF VLSI PY 2012 BP 243 EP U348 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9LF UT WOS:000393378700042 ER PT B AU Czejdo, BD Ferragut, E AF Czejdo, Bogdan Denny Ferragut, Erik BE Shi, J Hu, ZJ Sun, Y Li, DL TI Time Analysis for Probabilistic Workflows SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURE COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY (ICFCCT 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Future Communication and Computer Technology (ICFCCT 2012) CY MAY 19-20, 2012 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Elect & Informat Engn Res Inst, Int Res Assoc Informat & Comp Sci, Beijing Univ Post & Telecommunicat DE Knowledge Processing; Workflows; Workflows Mining; Probabilistic Modeling AB There are many theoretical and practical results in the area of workflow modeling, especially when the more formal workflows are used. In this paper we focus on probabilistic workflows. We show algorithms for time computations in probabilistic workflows. With time of activities more precisely modeled, we can achieve improvement in the work cooperation and analyses of cooperation including simulation and visualization. C1 [Czejdo, Bogdan Denny] Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. [Ferragut, Erik] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSIIR Grp, CSE Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Czejdo, BD (reprint author), Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. FU Higher Education Research Experiences (HERE) Program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) - U.S. Department of Energy; Belk Foundation FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Higher Education Research Experiences (HERE) Program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for Faculty, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. It was also supported in part by the Belk Foundation. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PRESS CO LTD PI HONG KONG PA UNIT D, 16-F, CHEUK NANG PLAZA 250 HENNESSY RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG, 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-988-15121-4-7 PY 2012 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BH0BY UT WOS:000394560500014 ER PT J AU Murphy, MJ Richard, D AF Murphy, M. J. Richard, D. BE Wickert, M Salk, M TI CHARACTERIZATION OF POROUS JET DENSITY SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS. 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Ballistics (ISB) CY APR 22-26, 2013 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP Fraunhofer Inst High Speed Dynam, Ernst Mach Inst, Natl Def Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc AB The density of porous granular jets is a difficult to measure characteristic of a class of non-metallic shaped charges. Flash x-ray experiments provide for a fairly accurate assessment of the diameter of the porous jet as a function of time and distance while the density measurement is more qualitative than quantitative. We utilize a new diagnostic that provides for a time resolved experimental technique of measuring the impulse applied by the porous jet during impact with a target. The impulse measurement allows for a quantitative assessment of the density of the porous granular jet as a function of time and distance. The new diagnostic technique provides the force-time history of the jet impacting a high strength bar. The force-time history is directly proportional to the product of the jet density and cross-sectional area (rho(j*)A(j)) of the impacting jet. Computational analysis of the shaped charge liner collapse and jet formation provides the variable virtual origin characteristics which are used to define the X-T diagram for the jet. The virtual origin, initial liner density, and multiple data sets of the jet force-time history vs standoff allow us to characterize the density of the granular porous jet as a function of time and distance as well as jet velocity. C1 [Murphy, M. J.; Richard, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Murphy, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L099, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-106-5 PY 2012 BP 725 EP 732 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA BJO71 UT WOS:000329410000076 ER PT S AU Liu, Q Wang, X Rao, NSV Brigham, K Kumar, BVKV AF Liu, Qiang Wang, Xin Rao, Nageswara S. V. Brigham, Katharine Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya GP IEEE TI Fusion Performance in Long-Haul Sensor Networks with Message Retransmission and Retrodiction SO 9TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE AD-HOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS (MASS 2012) SE IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS) CY OCT 08-11, 2012 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc DE Long-haul sensor networks; state estimate fusion; message retransmission; prediction and retrodiction; mean-square-error (MSE) performance; reporting latency ID TARGET TRACKING; MODELS AB In a long-haul sensor network, sensors are remotely deployed over a large geographical area to perform certain tasks. We consider a class of such networks where sensors take measurements of one or more dynamic targets and send state estimates of the target(s) to a fusion center via satellite links. The severe loss and delay inherent over the satellite channels render insufficient the number of estimates successfully arriving at the fusion center, thereby limiting the potential fusion gain and resulting in suboptimal accuracy performance of the fused estimates. The system can adopt certain retransmission-based transport protocols so that lost messages can be recovered over time. However, excess delay may be incurred that can potentially violate the deadline for reporting the estimate. For many applications, though, retrodiction/smoothing techniques can be applied so that the chances of incurring such excess delay are greatly reduced. In this work, we analyze the extent to which retrodiction, along with message retransmission, can improve the performance of delay-sensitive state estimation tasks. Results of numerical and simulation studies of an illustrative example and a ballistic target tracking application are shown in the end to demonstrate the validity of our analysis. C1 [Liu, Qiang; Wang, Xin] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brigham, Katharine; Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM qiangliu@ece.sunysb.edu; xwang@ece.sunysb.edu; raons@ornl.gov; kbrigham@ece.cmu.edu; kumar@ece.cmu.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-6806 BN 978-1-4673-2433-5; 978-1-4673-2432-8 J9 IEEE INT CONF MOB PY 2012 BP 407 EP 415 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BEZ33 UT WOS:000318874900046 ER PT J AU Dongarra, JJ van der Steen, AJ AF Dongarra, J. J. van der Steen, A. J. TI High-performance computing systems: Status and outlook SO ACTA NUMERICA LA English DT Article AB This article describes the current state of the art of high-performance computing systems, and attempts to shed light on near-future developments that might prolong the steady growth in speed of such systems, which has been one of their most remarkable characteristics. We review the different ways devised to speed them up, both with regard to components and their architecture. In addition, we discuss the requirements for software that can take advantage of existing and future architectures. C1 [Dongarra, J. J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, J. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, J. J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [van der Steen, A. J.] NCF HPC Res, NL-6827 AR Arnhem, Netherlands. RP Dongarra, JJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dongarra@eecs.utk.edu; steen@hpcresearch.nl NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0962-4929 EI 1474-0508 J9 ACTA NUMER JI Acta Numer. PY 2012 VL 21 BP 379 EP 474 DI 10.1017/S0962492912000050 PG 96 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA V35IL UT WOS:000209143400004 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Jenkins, JE AF Alam, Todd M. Jenkins, Janelle E. BE Farrukh, MA TI HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy in Material Science SO ADVANCED ASPECTS OF SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; SOLID-STATE NMR; RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; CROSS-LINKED POLYSTYRENE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FIELD GRADIENT; IONIC LIQUIDS; PFG NMR; DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION C1 [Alam, Todd M.; Jenkins, Janelle E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanostruct & Elect Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Nanostruct & Elect Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 95 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0715-6 PY 2012 BP 279 EP 306 DI 10.5772/48340 D2 10.5772/2757 PG 28 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BF9QY UT WOS:000385804000011 ER PT J AU Li, LX Shi, XB Evans, CM Findley, GL AF Li, Luxi Shi, Xianbo Evans, Cherice M. Findley, Gary L. BE Farrukh, MA TI Atomic and Molecular Low-n Rydberg States in Near Critical Point Fluids SO ADVANCED ASPECTS OF SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUASI-FREE-ELECTRON; SPHERICALLY INHOMOGENEOUS FLUIDS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; RARE-GAS FLUIDS; EXTRAVALENCE EXCITATIONS; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; METHYL-IODIDE; LIQUID ARGON; ENERGY V0 C1 [Li, Luxi; Shi, Xianbo] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Evans, Cherice M.] CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY USA. [Evans, Cherice M.] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Findley, Gary L.] Univ Louisiana Monroe, Dept Chem, Monroe, LA USA. RP Li, LX (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0715-6 PY 2012 BP 451 EP 482 DI 10.5772/48089 D2 10.5772/2757 PG 32 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BF9QY UT WOS:000385804000017 ER PT J AU Middleditch, J AF Middleditch, John TI Pulsar-Driven Jets in Supernovae, Gamma-Ray Bursts, and the Universe SO ADVANCES IN ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; NONSPHERICALLY-DECAYING RADIATION; ROTATING SUPERLUMINAL SOURCE; MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; INDUCED STAR-FORMATION; SN 1987A; NEUTRON-STAR; MILLISECOND PULSARS; IA SUPERNOVAE; PAIR-INSTABILITY AB The bipolarity of Supernova 1987A can be understood through its very early light curve from the CTIO 0.4m telescope and IUE FES and following speckle observations of the "Mystery Spot". These indicate a beam/jet of light/particles, with initial collimation factors > 104 and velocities > 0.95 c, involving up to 10-5M(circle dot) interacting with circumstellar material. These can be produced by a model of pulsar emission from polarization currents induced/(modulated faster than c) beyond the pulsar light cylinder by the periodic electromagnetic field (supraluminally induced polarization currents (SLIP)). SLIP accounts for the disruption of supernova progenitors and their anomalous dimming at cosmological distances, jets from Sco X-1 and SS 433, the lack/presence of pulsations from the high-/low-luminosity low-mass X-ray binaries, and long/short gamma-ray bursts, and it predicts that their afterglows are the pulsed optical-/near-infrared emission associated with these pulsars. SLIP may also account for the TeV e(+)/e(-) results from PAMELA and ATIC, the WMAP "Haze"/Fermi "Bubbles," andthe r-process. SLIP jets from SNe of the first stars may allow galaxies to form without dark matter and explain the peculiar nongravitational motions between pairs of distant galaxies observed by GALEX. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Middleditch, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 3,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jon@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (LDRD) [20080085DR, 201100320ER]; Department of Energy FX The author would like to thank Dr. John Singleton for supporting this work through the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LDRD) Grant no. 20080085DR, "Construction and Use of Superluminal Emission Technology Demonstrators with Applications in Radar, Astrophysics, and Secure Communications," and Grant no. 201100320ER, " Novel Broadband TeraHertz Sources for Remote Sensing, Security, and Spectroscopic Applications" as well as Drs. Joe Fasel, Todd Graves, Bill Junor, and Andrea Schmidt. The author is also grateful to Larry Earley of Los Alamos, Jim Johnson and Carl Pennypacker of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, John Saarloos for loans of equipment for use at Lick Observatory as well as Keith Baker, Kostas Chloros, Elinor Gates, Bryant Grigsby, Rem Stone and the rest of the entire staff of of Lick Observatory for their assistance, and M. T. "Brook" Sanford of Los Alamos for programming assistance. I also wish to thank Joel Roop and Andy Toth of Keithley Instruments for the loan of an engineering unit of the KUSB 3116 for testing at home while far away from Lick Observatory. This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy. NR 196 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-7969 EI 1687-7977 J9 ADV ASTRON JI Adv. Astron. PY 2012 AR 898907 DI 10.1155/2012/898907 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA V30RP UT WOS:000208833400045 ER PT S AU Perahia, D Ratnaweera, DR Shrestha, UM Iacono, ST Smith, DW Mabry, J Majewski, J AF Perahia, Dvora Ratnaweera, Dilru R. Shrestha, Umesh M. Iacono, Scott T. Smith, Dennis W. Mabry, Joseph Majewski, Jaroslaw BE Smith, DW Iacono, ST Boday, DJ Kettwich, SC TI Semi-Fluorinated Polymer/POSS Thin Films Nanocomposites: Response to Water SO ADVANCES IN FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMERS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALKANES; STABILIZATION; COPOLYMERS; STATE AB The potential of semifluorinated polymers thin nanocomposite films to form responsive interfaces is demonstrated. The changes that take place in a random copolymer Biphenyl Perfluorocyclobutane (BPh-PFCB) impregnated with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to humidity were followed by neutron reflectometery. The response to water is affected by the dispersion of the NPs which is strongly influenced by the semifluorinated nature of the polymer. Thin films of the pristine polymer consist of layered structures with the air interface rich with the fluorinated block. Pristine BPh-PFCB polymer films were surprisingly fully wetted by water, with distinct accumulation of liquid at the air/polymer and substrate/polymer interface. Upon exposure of the nanocomposite thin films to water vapor, compositional changes took place at the interfaces, which demonstrate the ability of the hybrid film to respond. The response mechanism encompasses the effect of fluorination that controls the interactions of the NPs within the polymer, coupled with entropic driving forces. C1 [Perahia, Dvora; Ratnaweera, Dilru R.; Shrestha, Umesh M.; Iacono, Scott T.; Smith, Dennis W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Smith, Dennis W.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Chem, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Iacono, Scott T.] US Air Force Acad, Dept Chem, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. [Mabry, Joseph] Air Force Res Lab, Space & Missile Prop Div, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perahia, D (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dperahi@clemson.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2792-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2012 VL 1106 BP 81 EP 93 D2 10.1021/bk-2012-1106 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BA4MN UT WOS:000336003100007 ER PT B AU Wozniak, P Wyrzykowski, L Belokurov, V AF Wozniak, Przemek Wyrzykowski, Lukasz Belokurov, Vasily BE Way, MJ Scargle, JD Ali, KM Srivastava, AN TI Classification of Variable Objects in Massive Sky Monitoring Surveys SO ADVANCES IN MACHINE LEARNING AND DATA MINING FOR ASTRONOMY SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIGHT-CURVE CLASSIFICATION; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; VARIABILITY SURVEYS; SCIENCE ALERTS; RED VARIABLES; COLORS; GAIA; PROJECT; STARS C1 [Wozniak, Przemek] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wyrzykowski, Lukasz; Belokurov, Vasily] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Wozniak, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4174-7; 978-1-4398-4173-0 J9 CH CRC DATA MIN KNOW PY 2012 BP 383 EP 406 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2TP UT WOS:000351309800020 ER PT J AU Soeder, DJ AF Soeder, Daniel J. BE AlMegren, HA TI Shale Gas Development in the United States SO ADVANCES IN NATURAL GAS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Soeder, Daniel J.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Soeder, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0507-7 PY 2012 BP 3 EP 28 D2 10.5772/2324 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Geology GA BE3GB UT WOS:000370683000002 ER PT B AU McJunkin, TR Boring, RL McQueen, MA Shunn, LP Wright, JL Gertman, DI Linda, O McCarty, K Manic, M AF McJunkin, T. R. Boring, R. L. McQueen, M. A. Shunn, L. P. Wright, J. L. Gertman, D. I. Linda, O. McCarty, K. Manic, M. BE Berenguer, C Grall, A Soares, CG TI Concept of operations for data fusion visualization SO ADVANCES IN SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety And Reliability Conference (ESREL) CY SEP 18-22, 2011 CL FRANCE SP Univ Technologie Troyes, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Reg Champagne Ardenne, Ville Troyes, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Electricite France, GIS 3SGS, Det Norske Veritas, Grand Troyes, GDR MACS CNRS, MAIF AB Data fusion for process control involves the presentation of synthesized sensor data in a manner that highlights the most important system states to an operator. The design of a data fusion interface must strike a balance between providing a process overview to the operator while still helping the operator pinpoint anomalies as needed. With the inclusion of a predictor system in the process control interface, additional design requirements must be considered, including the need to convey uncertainty regarding the prediction and to minimize nuisance alarms. This paper reviews these issues and establishes a design process for data fusion interfaces centered on creating a concept of operations as the basis for a design style guide. C1 [McJunkin, T. R.; Boring, R. L.; McQueen, M. A.; Shunn, L. P.; Wright, J. L.; Gertman, D. I.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Linda, O.; McCarty, K.; Manic, M.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. OI McJunkin, Timothy/0000-0002-4987-9170 FU U.S. Department of Energy under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; Instrumentation, Control, and Intelligent Systems Distinctive Signature (ICIS) of Idaho National Laboratory FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517, performed as part of the Instrumentation, Control, and Intelligent Systems Distinctive Signature (ICIS) of Idaho National Laboratory. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13510-5; 978-0-415-68379-1 PY 2012 BP 634 EP 640 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BG8LW UT WOS:000392426501018 ER PT B AU Boring, RL AF Boring, R. L. BE Berenguer, C Grall, A Soares, CG TI Information foraging in nuclear power plant control rooms SO ADVANCES IN SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety And Reliability Conference (ESREL) CY SEP 18-22, 2011 CL FRANCE SP Univ Technologie Troyes, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Reg Champagne Ardenne, Ville Troyes, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Electricite France, GIS 3SGS, Det Norske Veritas, Grand Troyes, GDR MACS CNRS, MAIF ID MODEL; WEB AB Information foraging theory articulates the role of the human as an "informavore" that seeks information and follows optimal foraging strategies (i.e., the "information scent") to find meaningful information. This paper briefly reviews the findings from information foraging theory outside the nuclear domain and then discusses the types of information foraging strategies operators employ for normal and off-normal operations in the control room. For example, operators may employ a predatory "wolf" strategy of hunting for information in the face of a plant upset. However, during routine operations, the operators may employ a trapping "spider" strategy of waiting for relevant indicators to appear. This delineation corresponds to information pull and push strategies, respectively. No studies have been conducted to determine explicitly the characteristics of a control room interface that is optimized for both push and pull information foraging strategies, nor has there been empirical work to validate operator performance when transitioning between push and pull strategies. This paper explores examples of control room operators as wolves vs. spiders and concludes by proposing a set of research questions to investigate information foraging in control room settings. C1 [Boring, R. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX Idaho National Laboratory is a multi-program laboratory operated by Battelle Energy Alliance LLC, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13510-5; 978-0-415-68379-1 PY 2012 BP 654 EP 660 PG 7 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BG8LW UT WOS:000392426501021 ER PT B AU Blackman, HS Hester, OV AF Blackman, H. S. Hester, O. V. BE Berenguer, C Grall, A Soares, CG TI Pendulum shifts, context, error, and personal accountability SO ADVANCES IN SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety And Reliability Conference (ESREL) CY SEP 18-22, 2011 CL FRANCE SP Univ Technologie Troyes, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Reg Champagne Ardenne, Ville Troyes, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Electricite France, GIS 3SGS, Det Norske Veritas, Grand Troyes, GDR MACS CNRS, MAIF AB This paper describes a series of tools that were developed to achieve a balance in understanding LOWs and the human component of events (including accountability) as the INL continues its shift to a learning culture where people report, are accountable and interested in making a positive difference-and want to report because information is handled correctly and the result benefits both the reporting individual and the organization. We present our model for understanding these interrelationships; the initiatives that were undertaken to improve overall performance. C1 [Blackman, H. S.; Hester, O. V.] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13510-5; 978-0-415-68379-1 PY 2012 BP 682 EP 686 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BG8LW UT WOS:000392426501025 ER PT B AU Borgonovo, E Smith, CL AF Borgonovo, E. Smith, C. L. BE Berenguer, C Grall, A Soares, CG TI Importance measures with finite changes: The relationship between Fussell-Vesely and total order reliability importance SO ADVANCES IN SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety And Reliability Conference (ESREL) CY SEP 18-22, 2011 CL FRANCE SP Univ Technologie Troyes, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Reg Champagne Ardenne, Ville Troyes, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Electricite France, GIS 3SGS, Det Norske Veritas, Grand Troyes, GDR MACS CNRS, MAIF ID COMPONENTS; SYSTEM AB Importance measures usually address either small changes in component performance, as it is the case of the Differential, Birnbaum and Criticality importance measures, or drastic changes, as in the case of Risk Achievment and Risk Reduction Worth, or status quo, as in the case of the Fussell-Vesely (FV) importance measure. Recently, the total order reliability importance measure (D-T) has been introduced to cope with the presence of finite changes. In this work, discuss the relationship between FV and D-T. This relationship helps us providing further insights on the meaning of both FV and D-T. C1 [Borgonovo, E.] Bocconi Univ, Dept Decis Sci, Milan, Italy. [Borgonovo, E.] Bocconi Univ, ELEUSI, Milan, Italy. [Smith, C. L.] Idaho Natl Labs, Dept Risk Safety & Reliabil, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13510-5; 978-0-415-68379-1 PY 2012 BP 2246 EP 2249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BG8LW UT WOS:000392426503033 ER PT B AU Borgonovo, E Smith, CL AF Borgonovo, E. Smith, C. L. BE Berenguer, C Grall, A Soares, CG TI Uncertainty in importance measures: Developing the epistemic Risk Achievement Worth SO ADVANCES IN SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety And Reliability Conference (ESREL) CY SEP 18-22, 2011 CL FRANCE SP Univ Technologie Troyes, European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Reg Champagne Ardenne, Ville Troyes, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Electricite France, GIS 3SGS, Det Norske Veritas, Grand Troyes, GDR MACS CNRS, MAIF AB Risk or Reliability Achievement Worth (RAW) is one of the most widely employed importance measures. RAW is defined as the ratio of the reliability (or risk metric) value attained when a component is failed over the base case value of the reliability. Both the numerator and denominator are typically point estimates. In this work, we extend RAW to the case in which epistemic uncertainty is taken into consideration (epistemic RAW; ERAW). ERAW considers the effect of the component being down not only on the reliability point estimate but on its entire epistemic distribution. We discuss the properties of the new measure for series and parallel systems. In particular, for series systems, we show that aleatory uncertainty makes the value of ERAW independent of epistemic uncertainty. C1 [Borgonovo, E.] Bocconi Univ, Milan, Italy. [Smith, C. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13510-5; 978-0-415-68379-1 PY 2012 BP 2256 EP 2260 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BG8LW UT WOS:000392426503035 ER PT J AU Roman-Cascon, C Yague, C Sastre, M Maqueda, G Salamanca, F Viana, S AF Roman-Cascon, C. Yaguee, C. Sastre, M. Maqueda, G. Salamanca, F. Viana, S. TI Observations and WRF simulations of fog events at the Spanish Northern Plateau SO ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the European-Meteorological-Society (EMS) / 10th European Conference on Applications of Meteorology (ECAM) CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Meteorol Soc ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADIATION FOG; PHYSICS AB The prediction of fogs is one of the processes not well reproduced by the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. In particular, the role of turbulence in the formation or dissipation of fogs is one of the physical processed not well understood, and therefore, not well parameterized by the NWP models. Observational analysis of three different periods with fogs at the Spanish Northern Plateau has been carried out. These periods have also been simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model and their results have been compared to observations. The study includes a comparison of the skill of different planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations, surface layer schemes and a test of the gravitational settling of clouds/fogs droplets option. A statistical analysis of this comparison has been evaluated in order to study differences between the periods and between the various parameterizations used. The model results for each PBL parameterization were different, depending on the studied period, due to differences in the features of each fog. This fact made it difficult to obtain generalized conclusions, but allowed us to determine which parameterization performed better for each case. In general, judging from the models results of liquid water content (LWC), none of the PBL schemes were able to correctly simulate the fogs, being Mellor-Yamada Nakanishi and Niino (MYNN) 2.5 level PBL scheme the best one in most of the cases. This conclusion is also supported by the root mean square error (RMSE) calculated for different meteorological variables. C1 [Roman-Cascon, C.; Yaguee, C.; Sastre, M.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Maqueda, G.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Astrofis & Ciencias Atmosfera, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Salamanca, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Viana, S.] AEMET, Barcelona, Spain. RP Roman-Cascon, C (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM carlosromancascon@fis.ucm.es RI Salamanca Palou, Francisco/M-5406-2014; Yague, Carlos/G-4498-2011; OI Salamanca Palou, Francisco/0000-0002-4115-7368; Yague, Carlos/0000-0002-6086-4877; Viana, Samuel/0000-0002-6186-0341 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1992-0628 EI 1992-0636 J9 ADV SCI RES JI Adv. Sci. Res. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.5194/asr-8-11-2012 PG 8 GA CD2GI UT WOS:000350892800003 ER PT J AU Sastre, M Yague, C Roman-Cascon, C Maqueda, G Salamanca, F Viana, S AF Sastre, M. Yaguee, C. Roman-Cascon, C. Maqueda, G. Salamanca, F. Viana, S. TI Evening transitions of the atmospheric boundary layer: characterization, case studies and WRF simulations SO ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of the European-Meteorological-Society (EMS) / 10th European Conference on Applications of Meteorology (ECAM) CY SEP 12-16, 2011 CL Berlin, GERMANY SP European Meteorol Soc ID TURBULENCE; MODEL AB Micrometeorological observations from two months (July-August 2009) at the CIBA site (Northern Spanish plateau) have been used to evaluate the evolution of atmospheric stability and turbulence parameters along the evening transition to a Nocturnal Boundary Layer. Turbulent Kinetic Energy thresholds have been established to distinguish between diverse case studies. Three different types of transitions are found, whose distinctive characteristics are shown. Simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting-Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) mesoscale model of selected transitions, using three different PBL parameterizations, have been carried out for comparison with observed data. Depending on the atmospheric conditions, different PBL schemes appear to be advantageous over others in forecasting the transitions. C1 [Sastre, M.; Yaguee, C.; Roman-Cascon, C.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Maqueda, G.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Astrofis & Ciencias Atmosfera, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Salamanca, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Viana, S.] Agencia Estatal Meteorol AEMET, Delegac Terr Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. RP Sastre, M (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM msastrem@fis.ucm.es RI Salamanca Palou, Francisco/M-5406-2014; Yague, Carlos/G-4498-2011; OI Salamanca Palou, Francisco/0000-0002-4115-7368; Yague, Carlos/0000-0002-6086-4877; Viana, Samuel/0000-0002-6186-0341 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1992-0628 EI 1992-0636 J9 ADV SCI RES JI Adv. Sci. Res. PY 2012 VL 8 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.5194/asr-8-39-2012 PG 6 GA CD2GI UT WOS:000350892800007 ER PT B AU Begum, RA Kang, SO Day, VW Bowman-James, K AF Begum, Rowshan Ara Kang, Sung Ok Day, Victor W. Bowman-James, Kristin BE BowmanJames, K Bianchi, A GarciaEspana, E TI Structural Aspects of Anion Coordination Chemistry SO ANION COORDINATION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIDENTATE LEWIS-ACID; HYDROGEN-BOND; SOLID-STATE; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; ION-PAIR; CONFORMATIONAL CONTROL; RECEPTOR MOLECULES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TERMINAL ALKYNES C1 [Begum, Rowshan Ara; Kang, Sung Ok; Day, Victor W.; Bowman-James, Kristin] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Kang, Sung Ok] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Begum, RA (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 119 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63952-6; 978-3-527-32370-8 PY 2012 BP 141 EP 225 PG 85 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BA9WH UT WOS:000339921100004 ER PT S AU Tian, J AF Tian, Jian BE Page, P Cunningham, I TI Supramolecular chemistry SO ANNUAL REPORTS ON THE PROGRESS OF CHEMISTRY, SECTION B: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, VOL 108 SE Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry Section B- Organic Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; CAPSULES; CAGES; RING AB The year 2011 has seen many significant developments in supramolecular chemistry. This report presents a personal selection of advances that have made by various research groups. In line with previous articles from this series, the report is subdivided into three broad sections covering molecular recognition, structure and assembly, and functional systems. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tian, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jian.tian@pnnl.gov RI Tian, Jian/I-8637-2012 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0069-3030 J9 ANNU REP PROG CHEM B PY 2012 VL 108 BP 171 EP 185 DI 10.1039/c2oc90020c PG 15 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA BA7EH UT WOS:000337498000010 ER PT S AU Ltaief, H Luszczek, P Haidar, A Dongarra, J AF Ltaief, Hatem Luszczek, Piotr Haidar, Azzam Dongarra, Jack BE DeBosschere, K DHollander, EH Joubert, GR Padua, D Peters, F TI Solving the Generalized Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem using Tile Algorithms on Multicore Architectures SO APPLICATIONS, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES ON THE ROAD TO EXASCALE COMPUTING SE Advances in Parallel Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Biennial ParCo Conference (ParCo) CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2011 CL Ghent, BELGIUM DE Generalized Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem; Tile Algorithms; Tridiagonal Reduction; Bulge Chasing; Dynamic Scheduling for Multicore Systems AB This paper proposes an efficient implementation of the generalized symmetric eigenvalue problem on multicore architecture. Based on a four-stage approach and tile algorithms, the original problem is first transformed into a standard symmetric eigenvalue problem by computing the Cholesky factorization of the right hand side symmetric definite positive matrix (first stage), and applying the inverse of the freshly computed triangular Cholesky factors to the original dense symmetric matrix of the problem (second stage). Calculating the eigenpairs of the resulting problem is then equivalent to the eigenpairs of the original problem. The computation proceeds by reducing the updated dense symmetric matrix to symmetric band form (third stage). The band structure is further reduced by applying a bulge chasing procedure, which annihilates the extra off-diagonal entries using orthogonal transformations (fourth stage). More details on the third and fourth stage can be found in Haidar et al. [Accepted at SC' 11, November 2011]. The eigenvalues are then calculated from the tridiagonal form using the standard LAPACK QR algorithm (i.e., DTSEQR routine), while the complex and challenging eigenvector computations will be addressed in a companion paper. The tasks from the various stages can concurrently run in an out-of-order fashion. The data dependencies are cautiously tracked by the dynamic runtime system environment QUARK, which ensures the dependencies are not violated for numerical correctness purposes. The obtained tile four-stage generalized symmetric eigenvalue solver significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art numerical libraries (up to 21-fold speed up against multithreaded LAPACK with optimized multithreaded MKL BLAS and up to 4-fold speed up against the corresponding routine from the commercial numerical software Intel MKL) on four sockets twelve cores AMD system with a 24000x24000 matrix size. C1 [Ltaief, Hatem] KAUST Supercomp Lab, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Luszczek, Piotr; Haidar, Azzam; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Math, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Ltaief, H (reprint author), KAUST Supercomp Lab, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. EM Hatem.Ltaief@kaust.edu.sa; luszczek@eecs.utk.edu; haidar@eecs.utk.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu OI Ltaief, Hatem/0000-0002-6897-1095 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-5452 BN 978-1-61499-041-3; 978-1-61499-040-6 J9 ADV PARALLEL COMPUT PY 2012 VL 22 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-041-3-397 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC1PJ UT WOS:000350346500045 ER PT S AU Shende, S Malony, AD Spear, W Schuchardt, K AF Shende, Sameer Malony, Allen D. Spear, Wyatt Schuchardt, Karen BE DeBosschere, K DHollander, EH Joubert, GR Padua, D Peters, F TI Characterizing I/O Performance Using the TAU Performance System SO APPLICATIONS, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES ON THE ROAD TO EXASCALE COMPUTING SE Advances in Parallel Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Biennial ParCo Conference (ParCo) CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2011 CL Ghent, BELGIUM DE POSIX I/O; MPI-IO; TAU; Instrumentation; GCRM AB TAU is an integrated toolkit for performance instrumentation, measurement, and analysis. It provides a flexible, portable, and scalable set of technologies for performance evaluation on extreme-scale HPC systems. This paper describes alternatives for I/O instrumentation provided by TAU and the design and implementation of a new tool, tau_gen_wrapper, to wrap external libraries. It describes three instrumentation techniques - preprocessor based substitution, linker based instrumentation, and library preloading based replacement of routines. It demonstrates this wrapping technology in the context of intercepting the POSIX I/O library and its application to profiling I/O calls for the Global Cloud Resolution Model (GCRM) application on the Cray XE6 system. This scheme allows TAU to track I/O using linker level instrumentation for statically linked executables and attribute the I/O to specific code regions. It also addresses issues encountered in collecting the performance data from large core counts and representing this data to correctly identify sources of poor I/O performance. C1 [Shende, Sameer; Malony, Allen D.; Spear, Wyatt] Univ Oregon, Performance Res Lab, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Schuchardt, Karen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Shende, S (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Performance Res Lab, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-5452 BN 978-1-61499-041-3; 978-1-61499-040-6 J9 ADV PARALLEL COMPUT PY 2012 VL 22 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-041-3-647 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC1PJ UT WOS:000350346500074 ER PT J AU Perevalov, D AF Perevalov, Denis CA NOvA Collaboration BE Giani, S Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI Status of the NOvA Experiment SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE, SPACE PHYSICS AND DETECTORS FOR PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics (ICATPP) CY OCT 03-07, 2011 CL Centro Cultura Sci Volta, Como, ITALY HO Centro Cultura Sci Volta DE NOvA; theta(13) AB NOvA is an off-axis long baseline neutrino experiment searching for v(mu) -> v(e) oscillations us an upgraded NuMI neutrino beam from Fermilab, Batavia, IL. The main physics goal is a measurement or strong limit on the neutrino mixing. :le theta(13). For sufficiently large values of theta(13), NOvA will also be sensitive to measuring CP violation and establishing the neutrino masses hierarchy. A large 14 kton Far detector, comprised of liquid scintillator contained in extruded PVC cells, will provide an opportunity for other non-acceleraor physics searches. While civil construction at the far detector IS underway, a smaller prototype near detector has been assembled at Fermilab and is being studied. C1 [Perevalov, Denis] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Perevalov, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM denis@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4405-06-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2012 VL 7 BP 504 EP 509 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG8UB UT WOS:000392710600074 ER PT J AU Awes, TC AF Awes, Terry C. CA ALICE Collaboration BE Giani, S Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI The ALICE Electromagnetic Calorimeters SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE, SPACE PHYSICS AND DETECTORS FOR PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics (ICATPP) CY OCT 03-07, 2011 CL Centro Cultura Sci Volta, Como, ITALY HO Centro Cultura Sci Volta DE ALICE experiment; Heavy ion collisions; Electromagnetic calorimeter; Shower trigger; Jet trigger ID PHOTON SPECTROMETER; ELECTRONICS; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS; PHOS AB ALICE is the general purpose experiment at the LHC dedicated to the study of heavy ion collisions ALICE includes two different electromagnetic calorimeters: a high resolution, modest a acceptance PHoton Spectrometer (PHOS) and a large acceptance, moderate resolution electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal). The electromagnetic calorimeters are designed to trigger on high energy gamma rays and jets, and to enhance the capabilities of ALICE for these measurements. The PROS is a PbWO4 crystal calorimeter while the EMCal is a Pb/Scintillator sampling shish-kebab type calorimeter. The PROS and EM-Cal construction, readout, and performance are described. C1 [Awes, Terry C.; ALICE Collaboration] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Awes, TC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM awastc@ornl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4405-06-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2012 VL 7 BP 741 EP 747 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG8UB UT WOS:000392710600110 ER PT J AU Hauf, S Hoffmann, DHH Lang, P Neff, S Kuster, M Batic, M Pia, MG Bell, ZW Weidenspointner, G Zoglauer, A AF Hauf, S. Hoffmann, D. H. H. Lang, P. Neff, S. Kuster, M. Batic, M. Pia, M. G. Bell, Z. W. Weidenspointner, G. Zoglauer, A. BE Giani, S Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI R&D on the Geant4 Radioactive decay Physics SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE, SPACE PHYSICS AND DETECTORS FOR PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics (ICATPP) CY OCT 03-07, 2011 CL Centro Cultura Sci Volta, Como, ITALY HO Centro Cultura Sci Volta DE Geant4; Radioactive Decay; Monte-Carlo Simulation; Validation ID SIMULATION AB We present validation measurements for the Geant4 radioactive decay simulation following a self-consistent approach. The validation is based 011 gamma spectroscopy measurements with HPGe and Nal detectors. In addition we present a re-designed radioactive decay simulation for Geant4, with extended functionality, such as support for long term activation, and programmed to modern coding standards. C1 [Hauf, S.; Hoffmann, D. H. H.; Lang, P.; Neff, S.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Kuster, M.] European XFEL GmbH, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. [Batic, M.; Pia, M. G.] INFN Sez Genova, I-16136 Genoa, Italy. [Bell, Z. W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Weidenspointner, G.] Max Planck Inst Halbleiterlabor, D-81739 Munich, Germany. [Weidenspointner, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Zoglauer, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hauf, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. EM steffen.hauf@astropp.physik.tu-darmstadt.de; markus.kuster@xfel.eu; MariaGrazia.Pia@ge.infn.it; Georg.Weidenspointner@hll.mpg.de OI Pia, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-3579-9639; Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4405-06-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2012 VL 7 BP 1003 EP 1007 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG8UB UT WOS:000392710600151 ER PT J AU Mccauley, T AF Mccauley, T. BE Giani, S Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI PUBLIC RELEASE AND ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE CMS EXPERIMENT AT THE LHC SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE, SPACE PHYSICS AND DETECTORS FOR PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics (ICATPP) CY OCT 03-07, 2011 CL Centro Cultura Sci Volta, Como, ITALY HO Centro Cultura Sci Volta AB The CMS collaboration has made several large event datasets public for educational and outreach purposes, including more than 300k events containing pairs of electrons, muons and jets. The data are prepared and published using an extensible, text-based (JSON) data format. With these datasets students learn about scientific analysis through searches and studies of J/psi,Y, W and Z particles. Students explore the data using an experiment-independent online event display and histogram tool, often as part of international educational programs in Europe, the USA, and the rest of the world such as I2U2, the IPPOG Masterclasses, and QuarkNet. I describe the current status of these activities, the positive feedback from the students, and the bright future outlook, including the great potential to broaden these activities to a wider range of experiments and audiences. C1 [Mccauley, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Mccauley, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM thomas.mccauley@cern.ch FU US DOE; NSF FX I wish thank the organizers of ICATPP. I also wish to thank my collaborar tors in I2U2, Quarknet, and CMS, and acknowledge the support of the US DOE and NSF. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4405-06-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2012 VL 7 BP 1008 EP 1014 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG8UB UT WOS:000392710600152 ER PT J AU Pinfold, J Soluk, R Takai, H AF Pinfold, James Soluk, Richard Takai, Helio BE Giani, S Leroy, C Price, L Rancoita, PG Ruchti, R TI A PROPOSAL FOR THE ATLAS COSMIC MUON AND EXOTICS DETECTOR (ACME) AT THE LHC SO ASTROPARTICLE, PARTICLE, SPACE PHYSICS AND DETECTORS FOR PHYSICS APPLICATIONS SE Astroparticle Particle Space Physics Radiation Interaction Detectors and Medical Physics Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Advanced Technology and Particle Physics (ICATPP) CY OCT 03-07, 2011 CL Centro Cultura Sci Volta, Como, ITALY HO Centro Cultura Sci Volta AB The ACME group proposes to install a surface array of scintillation detectors at LHC point 1 above the ATLAS detector. This surface array in combination with the muon system of ATLAS allows two complimentary independent measurements of the electromagnetic and hadronic components of cosmic ray showers with particular sensitivity to the knee region of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. ACME will be a sensitive instrument for the study of primary composition, exotics such as centauro and anti-centauro events and the excess of high multiplicity muon bundles observed by such experiments as CosmoALEPH. The surface array also presents an outreach opportunity with students being involved in the construction and testing of detectors. C1 [Pinfold, James; Soluk, Richard] Univ Alberta, Ctr Particle Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Takai, Helio] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pinfold, J (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Ctr Particle Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM jpinfold@ualberta.ca FU Teaching and Learning Enhancement Fund of the University of Alberta FX This work was supported in part by the Teaching and Learning Enhancement Fund of the University of Alberta. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4405-06-5 J9 ASTROPART PART SPACE PY 2012 VL 7 BP 1049 EP 1055 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG8UB UT WOS:000392710600158 ER PT S AU Yanguas-Gil Libera, JA Elam, JW AF Yanguas-Gil Libera, Joseph A. Elam, Jeffrey W. BE Elam, JW Londergan, A VanDerStraten, O Roozeboom, F DeGendt, S Bent, SF Delabie, A TI In-situ FTIR characterization of growth inhibition in Atomic Layer Deposition using reversible surface functionalization SO ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION APPLICATIONS 8 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Atomic Layer Deposition Applications 8 held during the PRiME Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochemical-Soc and the Electrochemical-Soc-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div ID SPECTROSCOPY; TRIMETHYLALUMINUM; ETHANOL; ALUMINA AB The layer-by-layer nature of ALD allows precise control of surface composition in the growth direction normal to the surface. However, it is harder to control the amount of material incorporated during a single ALD cycle. Recently, we demonstrated an approach based on incorporating an in-situ surface functionalization step into each ALD cycle.[1] This step essentially controls the amount of reactive sites on the surface, ideally modulating the saturation coverage while maintaining the self-limiting surface chemistry. In this work we present in-situ surface and gas phase Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies for Al2O3 ALD using exposures to ethanol (EtOH), trimethyl aluminum (TMA), and H2O. Our results showed that the TMA surface coverage was reduced with respect to the conventional TMA/H2O case. We also found that a fraction of the adsorbed EtOH was removed during the TMA dose, and we identified dimethyl aluminum ethoxide as a reaction byproduct. Our results are consistent with a mechanism in which a fraction of the adsorbed ethoxides is displaced through ligand exchange with TMA, leaving methyl groups on the surface. C1 [Yanguas-Gil; Libera, Joseph A.; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yanguas-Gil (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jelam@anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-012-6 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 13 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1149/05013.0043ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8EE UT WOS:000338022100005 ER PT J AU Finney, L AF Finney, Lydia BE Khan, TK TI Inorganic Signatures of Physiology: The X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy Revolution SO BIOMARKER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; COPPER HOMEOSTASIS; 2.8 ANGSTROM; ZINC; REVEALS; CELLS; ANGIOGENESIS; TRAFFICKING; PROTEINS; SENSOR C1 [Finney, Lydia] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finney, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0577-0 PY 2012 BP 77 EP 86 D2 10.5772/2376 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BF9FU UT WOS:000385530200005 ER PT B AU Gurman, P Rabinovitz-Harison, O Hunter, TB AF Gurman, Pablo Rabinovitz-Harison, Orit Hunter, Tim B. BE Rosen, Y TI Regulatory Challenges in Biomaterials: Focus on Medical Devices SO BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE: AN INTEGRATED CLINICAL AND ENGINEERING APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DRUG-DELIVERY; CARBON NANOTUBES; FOREIGN-BODIES; APPROVAL; SAFETY; FDA; PATIENT; VALVES C1 [Gurman, Pablo] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rabinovitz-Harison, Orit] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Med, Tel Aviv Sourasky Ichilov Med Ctr, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Hunter, Tim B.] Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gurman, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0405-6; 978-1-4398-0404-9 PY 2012 BP 223 EP 270 PG 48 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC8CE UT WOS:000355542900011 ER PT B AU Mukundan, H Shively, JE Anderson, AS Hartman, N Grace, WK Swanson, BI AF Mukundan, Harshini Shively, John E. Anderson, Aaron S. Hartman, Nile Grace, W. Kevin Swanson, Basil I. BE Herold, KE Rasooly, A TI Optical Waveguide-Based Biosensors for the Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers SO BIOSENSORS AND MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES FOR CANCER DIAGNOSTICS SE Series in Sensors LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; QUANTUM DOTS; MAMMOGRAPHY; FLUID C1 [Mukundan, Harshini; Anderson, Aaron S.; Grace, W. Kevin; Swanson, Basil I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shively, John E.] City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA USA. [Hartman, Nile] nGimat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mukundan, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4166-2; 978-1-4398-4165-5 J9 SER SENSORS PY 2012 BP 155 EP 169 D2 10.1201/b12138 PG 15 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology GA BD6CZ UT WOS:000362079300010 ER PT J AU Shaw, WJ AF Shaw, Wendy J. TI The Outer-Coordination Sphere: Incorporating Amino Acids and Peptides as Ligands for Homogeneous Catalysts to Mimic Enzyme Function SO CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE Peptide Catalyst; Amino Acid Catalyst; Artificial Enzyme; Metalloprotein; Biomimetic Catalyst; Bioinspired Catalyst; Outer-Coordination Sphere ID TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; BIOTIN-AVIDIN TECHNOLOGY; CHIRAL PHOSPHINE-LIGANDS; SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHINES; COENZYME-A SYNTHASE; DE-NOVO DESIGN; ARTIFICIAL METALLOENZYMES; ACTIVE-SITE AB Great progress has been achieved in the field of homogeneous transition metal-based catalysis; however, as a general rule these solution-based catalysts are still easily outperformed by their analogous enzyme counterparts, in terms of both rates and selectivity. This includes structural mimics of enzymatic active sites. This observation suggests that the features of the enzyme beyond the active site, i.e., the outer-coordination sphere, are important for enzymes' exceptional function. Directly mimicking the outer-coordination sphere requires the incorporation of amino acids and peptides as ligands for homogeneous catalysts. This effort has been attempted for many homogeneous catalysts which span the manifold of catalytic reactions including hydrogenation, hydroformylation, hydrogen production, oxygen activation, dioxygen transport, electron transfer, disproportionation of the superoxide anion radical, acylation, phosphorylation, esterification, ester hydrolysis, and hydrogen peroxide disproportionation. How much of the outer-coordination sphere to include in molecular catalysts and the preferential structural conformation of the appended section are long-standing questions. Synthetically incorporating an amino acid-or peptide-based outer-coordination sphere requires care to avoid unwanted side reactions with the large number of functional groups. Catalysis with amino acid or peptide containing catalysts requires careful consideration of solvent and pH to promote solubility, stabilize structure, optimize catalysis, and avoid catalyst degradation. This article reviews the current capability of synthesizing and characterizing this often challenging but very promising category of metal-based catalysts. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Wendy.Shaw@pnnl.gov FU DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program through the Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was funded by the DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program through the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 223 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 66 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0161-4940 EI 1520-5703 J9 CATAL REV JI Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. PY 2012 VL 54 IS 4 BP 489 EP 550 DI 10.1080/01614940.2012.679453 PG 62 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 092UK UT WOS:000315148200002 ER PT B AU Weil, KS AF Weil, K. Scott BE Riedel, R Chen, IW TI Fundamentals and Methods of Ceramic Joining SO CERAMICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL; INTERFACES; CHEMISTRY; ALUMINUM; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; DESIGN; STEEL C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Weil, KS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63196-4; 978-3-527-31157-6 PY 2012 BP 215 EP 246 PG 32 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BA6IQ UT WOS:000337152300010 ER PT S AU Kreller, CR Sekhar, PK Li, WX Palanisamy, P Brosha, EL Mukundan, R Garzon, FH AF Kreller, Cortney R. Sekhar, Praveen K. Li, Wenxia Palanisamy, Ponnusamy Brosha, Eric L. Mukundan, Rangachary Garzon, Fernando H. BE Simonian, A Carter, M Miura, N Shimizu, Y Srinivasan, P Vanysek, P Hesketh, PJ Chin, B Nagahara, L Uchiyama, S Sundaram, KB Wu, N Aguilar, Z Hunter, G Sailor, M Londergan, A Tabata, O TI Application of Commercial Manufacturing Methods to Mixed-Potential NOx Sensors SO CHEMICAL SENSORS 10 -AND- MEMS/NEMS 10 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Chemical Sensors 10 - Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Systems and Microfabricated and Nanofabricated Systems for MEMS/NEMS 10 CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Sensor Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID OXIDE ELECTRODES; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA AB Commercial manufacturing methods have been used to fabricate a planar, self-heated, tape-cast, mixed-potential NOx sensor for application in vehicle on-board emission control systems. The device consists of dense La0.8Sr0.2CrO3 (LSCrO) and Pt electrodes and a porous YSZ electrolyte on one side of a dense ceramic substrate and a Pt-heater with independent leads on the backside of the substrate. These planar mixed-potential sensors are capable of selectively detecting ppm levels of NOx when operated at a positive bias. Additionally, the device has yielded stable performance under months of testing as a result of the stable morphology of the electrode/electrolyte/gas phase interface. C1 [Kreller, Cortney R.; Brosha, Eric L.; Mukundan, Rangachary; Garzon, Fernando H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sekhar, Praveen K.] Washington State Univ Vancouver, Dept Elect Engn, Nanomat & Sensors Lab, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [Li, Wenxia; Palanisamy, Ponnusamy] ESL ElectroSci, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. RP Kreller, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Kreller, Cortney/0000-0003-2180-2494 FU US DOE; EERE; Vehicle Technology Programs FX The research was funded by the US DOE, EERE, Vehicle Technology Programs. The authors wish to thank Technology Development Manager Roland Gravel. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-360-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1149/05012.0307ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8LJ UT WOS:000338266800038 ER PT S AU Washburn, CM Lambert, TN Blecke, J Davis, D Finnegan, PS Hance, BG Wheeler, DR Beechem, TE Alam, TM Brumbach, MT Strong, JM AF Washburn, C. M. Lambert, T. N. Blecke, J. Davis, D. Finnegan, P. S. Hance, B. G. Wheeler, D. R. Beechem, T. E. Alam, T. M. Brumbach, M. T. Strong, J. M. BE Simonian, A Carter, M Miura, N Shimizu, Y Srinivasan, P Vanysek, P Hesketh, PJ Chin, B Nagahara, L Uchiyama, S Sundaram, KB Wu, N Aguilar, Z Hunter, G Sailor, M Londergan, A Tabata, O TI Tunable Young's Modulus in Carbon MEMS using Graphene-based Stiffeners SO CHEMICAL SENSORS 10 -AND- MEMS/NEMS 10 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Chemical Sensors 10 - Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Systems and Microfabricated and Nanofabricated Systems for MEMS/NEMS 10 CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Sensor Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID GRAPHITE OXIDE AB Carbon composite micro-electromechanical systems (C-MEMS) incorporating 2 wt.% graphene stiffeners show a 65% increase in Young's modulus and 11% increase in conductivity. An improved reduced graphene oxide (iRGO), is blended into pyrolytic carbon beams prepared for resonant frequency testing. Designed around a 10: 1 (length: width) aspect ratio, the linearity of wt.% iRGO in the cantilevers as a function of resonant frequencies is evaluated. The collection of the 1st through 3rd bending modes using laser doppler velocimetery (LDV) of the graphene filled cantilevers shows an increase in frequency response with nanomaterial loading (wt.%). A model was developed using the 3-bending modes and correlated with cross sectional geometry and density to extract a Young's modulus. C1 [Washburn, C. M.; Lambert, T. N.; Blecke, J.; Davis, D.; Finnegan, P. S.; Hance, B. G.; Wheeler, D. R.; Beechem, T. E.; Alam, T. M.; Brumbach, M. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Strong, J. M.] LMATA, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Washburn, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE- AC04- 94AL85000] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the following individuals and funding sources for their contributions to make this a successful paper; Lee Massey, Christine Ford, Robert Bernstein, and Tedd Rohwer. Sandia is a multi- program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE- AC04- 94AL85000. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-360-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 BP 423 EP 434 DI 10.1149/05012.0423ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8LJ UT WOS:000338266800054 ER PT S AU Kim, B Nguyen, J Reinke, C Ziaei-Moayyed, M El-Kady, I Goettler, D Su, M Leseman, ZC Olsson, RH AF Kim, Bongsang Nguyen, Janet Reinke, Charles Ziaei-Moayyed, Maryam El-Kady, Ihab Goettler, Drew Su, Mehmet Leseman, Zayd C. Olsson, Roy H., III BE Simonian, A Carter, M Miura, N Shimizu, Y Srinivasan, P Vanysek, P Hesketh, PJ Chin, B Nagahara, L Uchiyama, S Sundaram, KB Wu, N Aguilar, Z Hunter, G Sailor, M Londergan, A Tabata, O TI Nano/Micro Patterned Phononic Crystals SO CHEMICAL SENSORS 10 -AND- MEMS/NEMS 10 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Chemical Sensors 10 - Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Systems and Microfabricated and Nanofabricated Systems for MEMS/NEMS 10 CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Sensor Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID WAVE-GUIDES; BAND-GAP; SILICON AB Recently, with the application of micro/nano machining technologies, there have been immense strides in the research of phononic crystals. This paper reviews basics of micro/nano fabricated 2D phononic crystals, and discusses their promising applications, particularly for RF signal processing and thermal conductivity manipulation with several examples of Sandia National Laboratories. C1 [Kim, Bongsang; Nguyen, Janet; Reinke, Charles; Ziaei-Moayyed, Maryam; El-Kady, Ihab; Olsson, Roy H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [El-Kady, Ihab; Goettler, Drew; Su, Mehmet; Leseman, Zayd C.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 08901 USA. RP Kim, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE- AC04- 4AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank the staff of the Microelectronics Develop Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories for their efforts to fabricate of the phononic crystal devices and Chris Nordquist and Mark Balance for use of RF and thermal characterization resources. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE- AC04- 4AL85000." NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-360-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1149/05012.0449ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8LJ UT WOS:000338266800057 ER PT S AU Ellern, I Venkatasubramanian, A Lee, JH Hesketh, PJ Stavila, V Allendorf, MD Robinson, AL AF Ellern, I. Venkatasubramanian, A. Lee, J. H. Hesketh, P. J. Stavila, V. Allendorf, M. D. Robinson, A. L. BE Simonian, A Carter, M Miura, N Shimizu, Y Srinivasan, P Vanysek, P Hesketh, PJ Chin, B Nagahara, L Uchiyama, S Sundaram, KB Wu, N Aguilar, Z Hunter, G Sailor, M Londergan, A Tabata, O TI Characterization of Piezoresistive Microcantilever Sensors with Metal Organic Frameworks for the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds SO CHEMICAL SENSORS 10 -AND- MEMS/NEMS 10 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Chemical Sensors 10 - Chemical and Biological Sensors and Analytical Systems and Microfabricated and Nanofabricated Systems for MEMS/NEMS 10 CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Sensor Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div ID PERVAPORATION; ADSORPTION; HKUST-1; BUTANOL AB Metal-Organic frameworks (MOFs) with their high surface area, excellent chemical and thermal stability and analyte specific adsorption make them promising material for gas sensing/storage. In this paper, a vapor detection sensor based on HKUST-1 MOF is presented. HKUST-1 with the above mentioned properties makes it an ideal material to be used with strain based piezoresistive microcantilever sensor. Cantilever sensors which were fabricated, characterized and coated with HKUST-1 were exposed to different Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) including acetone, isopropanol, methanol and water at varying concentrations. From our experiments, we observe that the device is able to distinguish between the different analytes quantitatively based on their time constants for adsorption or desorption. The results show that acetone has the highest time constant while water has the lowest time constant. C1 [Ellern, I.; Venkatasubramanian, A.; Hesketh, P. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lee, J. H.] Intel Corp, Rio Rancho, NM 87124 USA. [Stavila, V.; Allendorf, M. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Robinson, A. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ellern, I (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. FU Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Nanotechnology Research Center FX This work was supported by the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development ( LDRD) Program. The technical assistance of Gary Spinner at the Nanotechnology Research Center is gratefully acknowledged. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-360-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 12 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.1149/05012.0469ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8LJ UT WOS:000338266800060 ER PT S AU Boslough, M Nicoll, K Holliday, V Daulton, TL Meltzer, D Pinter, N Scott, AC Surovell, T Claeys, P Gill, J Paquay, F Marlon, J Bartlein, P Whitlock, C Grayson, D Jull, AJT AF Boslough, M. Nicoll, K. Holliday, V. Daulton, T. L. Meltzer, D. Pinter, N. Scott, A. C. Surovell, T. Claeys, P. Gill, J. Paquay, F. Marlon, J. Bartlein, P. Whitlock, C. Grayson, D. Jull, A. J. T. BE Giosan, L Fuller, DQ Nicoll, K Flad, RK Clift, PD TI Arguments and Evidence Against a Younger Dryas Impact Event SO CLIMATES, LANDSCAPES, AND CIVILIZATIONS SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Geophysical-Union (AGU) Chapman Conference on Climates, Past Landscapes, and Civilizations CY MAR, 2011 CL Santa Fe, MEXICO SP Amer Geophys Union ID NORTH-AMERICAN PALEOINDIANS; EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT; PLEISTOCENE EXTINCTIONS; GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE; HEXAGONAL DIAMONDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FIRE REGIMES; BLACK MATS; FULLERENES AB We present arguments and evidence against the hypothesis that a large impact or airburst caused a significant abrupt climate change, extinction event, and termination of the Clovis culture at 12.9 ka. It should be noted that there is not one single Younger Dryas (YD) impact hypothesis but several that conflict with one another regarding many significant details. Fragmentation and explosion mechanisms proposed for some of the versions do not conserve energy or momentum, no physics-based model has been presented to support the various concepts, and existing physical models contradict them. In addition, the a priori odds of the impact of a >4 km comet in the prescribed configuration on the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the specified time period are infinitesimal, about one in 10(15). There are three broad classes of counterarguments. First, evidence for an impact is lacking. No impact craters of the appropriate size and age are known, and no unambiguously shocked material or other features diagnostic of impact have been found in YD sediments. Second, the climatological, paleontological, and archeological events that the YD impact proponents are attempting to explain are not unique, are arguably misinterpreted by the proponents, have large chronological uncertainties, are not necessarily coupled, and do not require an impact. Third, we believe that proponents have misinterpreted some of the evidence used to argue for an impact, and several independent researchers have been unable to reproduce reported results. This is compounded by the observation of contamination in a purported YD sample with modern carbon. C1 [Boslough, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nicoll, K.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Holliday, V.] Univ Arizona, Sch Anthropol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Holliday, V.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Daulton, T. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO USA. [Daulton, T. L.] Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO USA. [Meltzer, D.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Anthropol, Dallas, TX USA. [Pinter, N.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL USA. [Scott, A. C.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham, Surrey, England. [Surovell, T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anthropol, Laramie, WY USA. [Claeys, P.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Earth Syst Sci, Brussels, Belgium. [Gill, J.; Marlon, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geog, Madison, WI USA. [Paquay, F.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI USA. [Bartlein, P.] Univ Oregon, Dept Geog, Eugene, OR USA. [Whitlock, C.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT USA. [Grayson, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Anthropol, Seattle, WA USA. [Jull, A. J. T.] Univ Arizona, AMS Radiocarbon Facility, Tucson, AZ USA. EM mbeb@unm.edu RI Claeys, Philippe/B-4895-2008; OI Claeys, Philippe/0000-0002-4585-7687; Meltzer, David/0000-0001-8084-9802 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Research Foundation Flanders (P. C.); Center for Materials Innovation atWashington University; AMS; Argonaut Archaeological Research Fund; University of Arizona Foundation FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 (M. B.). This work was funded in part by the Research Foundation Flanders (P. C.), and the Center for Materials Innovation atWashington University (T. L. D.). Support for the AMS radiocarbon dating of the Gainey sample was provided by the Argonaut Archaeological Research Fund (V. H., University of Arizona Foundation). The authors wish to thank Allen West for providing carbon spherule samples collected from Gainey, Michigan. NR 82 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-488-7 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2012 VL 198 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1029/2012GM001209 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA BA3RK UT WOS:000334687700002 ER PT B AU Hendrickson, B Pothen, A AF Hendrickson, Bruce Pothen, Alex BE Naumann, U Schenk, O TI Combinatorial Scientific Computing: Past Successes, Current Opportunities, Future Challenges SO COMBINATORIAL SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NESTED DISSECTION; CHORDAL GRAPH; MATRICES C1 [Hendrickson, Bruce] Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Pothen, Alex] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hendrickson, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Algorithms & Math Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bahendr@sandia.gov; apothen@purdue.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-2736-9; 978-1-4398-2735-2 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2012 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD1DX UT WOS:000357952900002 ER PT B AU Utke, J Naumann, U AF Utke, Jean Naumann, Uwe BE Naumann, U Schenk, O TI Combinatorial Problems in OpenAD SO COMBINATORIAL SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACCUMULATION C1 [Utke, Jean] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Naumann, Uwe] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, LuFG Informat Software & Tools Computat Engn 12, D-52062 Aachen, Germany. RP Utke, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Bldg 240-1152,9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM utke@mcs.anl.gov; naumann@stce.rwth-aachen.de NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-2736-9; 978-1-4398-2735-2 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2012 BP 163 EP 180 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD1DX UT WOS:000357952900007 ER PT B AU Boman, EG Catalyurek, UV Chevalier, C Devine, KD AF Boman, E. G. Catalyuerek, Ue V. Chevalier, C. Devine, K. D. BE Naumann, U Schenk, O TI Parallel Partitioning, Coloring, and Ordering in Scientific Computing SO COMBINATORIAL SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MATRIX-VECTOR MULTIPLICATION; SPARSE RECTANGULAR MATRICES; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; FACTORIZATION; MODELS; APPROXIMATION; TOOL; LU C1 [Boman, E. G.; Devine, K. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Catalyuerek, Ue V.] Ohio State Univ, Biomed Informat & Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chevalier, C.] CEA, DAM, DIF, Arpajon, France. RP Boman, EG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Algorithms Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM egboman@sandia.gov; catalyurek.1@osu.edu; ccheval@sandia.gov; kddevin@sandia.gov NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-2736-9; 978-1-4398-2735-2 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2012 BP 351 EP 371 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD1DX UT WOS:000357952900014 ER PT B AU Bader, DA Madduri, K AF Bader, David A. Madduri, Kamesh BE Naumann, U Schenk, O TI Computational Challenges in Emerging Combinatorial Scientific Computing Applications SO COMBINATORIAL SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Computational Science Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY; COMPLEX NETWORKS; GRAPH; ALGORITHMS; GENERATION; CENTRALITY; BETWEENNESS; SCIENCE; SEARCH C1 [Bader, David A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Madduri, Kamesh] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bader, DA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bader@cc.gatech.edu; kmadduri@lbl.gov NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-2736-9; 978-1-4398-2735-2 J9 CH CRC COMP SCI SER PY 2012 BP 471 EP 494 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD1DX UT WOS:000357952900018 ER PT S AU Hou, C Vulov, G Quinlan, D Jefferson, D Fujimoto, R Vuduc, R AF Hou, Cong Vulov, George Quinlan, Daniel Jefferson, David Fujimoto, Richard Vuduc, Richard BE OBoyle, M TI A New Method for Program Inversion SO COMPILER CONSTRUCTION, CC 2012 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Compiler Construction (CC) CY MAR 24-APR 01, 2012 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA DE Program inversion; SSA; SSA graph; reverse computation; state saving; ROSE ID REVERSE EXECUTION; DEPENDENCE GRAPH; INVERTER AB Program inversion has been successfully applied to several areas such as optimistic parallel discrete event simulation (OPDES) and reverse debugging. This paper introduces a new program inversion algorithm for imperative languages, and focuses on handling arbitrary control flows and basic operations. By building a value search graph that represents recoverability relationships between variable values, we turn the problem of recovering previous values into a graph search one. Forward and reverse code is generated according to the search results. We have implemented our algorithm as part of a compiler framework named Backstroke, a C++ source-to-source translator based on ROSE compiler. Backstroke targets optimistic simulation codes and automatically generates a reverse function to recover values modified by a target function. Experimental results show that our method is effective and produces better performance than previously proposed methods. C1 [Hou, Cong; Vulov, George; Fujimoto, Richard; Vuduc, Richard] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Quinlan, Daniel; Jefferson, David] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hou, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM hou_cong@gatech.edu; georgevulov@gatech.edu; dquinlan@llnl.gov; jefferson6@llnl.gov; fujimoto@cc.gatech.edu; richie@cc.gatech.edu OI Vuduc, Richard/0000-0003-2178-138X NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-28652-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7210 BP 81 EP 100 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB3TB UT WOS:000343042000005 ER PT B AU Wolfer, WG AF Wolfer, W. G. BE Konings, RJM TI Fundamental Properties of Defects in Metals SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS/BASIC ASPECTS OF MULTI-SCALE MODELING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE STRESS TENSOR; POINT-DEFECTS; IRRADIATED METALS; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; SELF-DIFFUSION; FCC METALS; INTERSTITIALS; DISLOCATIONS; ENERGY; VACANCIES C1 [Wolfer, W. G.] Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Wolfer, W. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wolfer, WG (reprint author), Ktech Corp Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 67 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5; 978-0-08-056027-4 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 45 PG 45 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3KY UT WOS:000334339600003 ER PT B AU Konings, RJM Allen, TR Stoller, R Yamanaka, S AF Konings, R. J. M. Allen, T. R. Stoller, R. Yamanaka, S. BE Konings, RJM TI Comprehensive Nuclear Materials PREFACE SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS/BASIC ASPECTS OF MULTI-SCALE MODELING LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Konings, R. J. M.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Allen, T. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI USA. [Stoller, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Yamanaka, S.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Sustainable Energy & Environm Engn, Osaka, Japan. RP Konings, RJM (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5; 978-0-08-056027-4 PY 2012 BP XXI EP XXII PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3KY UT WOS:000334339600001 ER PT B AU Zinkle, SJ AF Zinkle, S. J. BE Konings, RJM TI Radiation-Induced Effects on Microstructure SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS/BASIC ASPECTS OF MULTI-SCALE MODELING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; SWIFT HEAVY-IONS; CASCADE-DAMAGE CONDITIONS; IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE EMBRITTLEMENT; STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING; DOSE NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; DEFECT CLUSTER FORMATION; ENERGETIC DISPLACEMENT CASCADES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 353 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5; 978-0-08-056027-4 PY 2012 BP 65 EP 98 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-056033-5.00003-3 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3KY UT WOS:000334339600005 ER PT B AU Stoller, RE AF Stoller, R. E. BE Konings, RJM TI Primary Radiation Damage Formation SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS/BASIC ASPECTS OF MULTI-SCALE MODELING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FE-CR ALLOYS; ENERGETIC DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DEFECT CLUSTER FORMATION; ATOMIC-SCALE SIMULATION; ALPHA-IRON; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ION-IRRADIATION; HCP METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 146 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5; 978-0-08-056027-4 PY 2012 BP 293 EP 332 PG 40 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3KY UT WOS:000334339600013 ER PT B AU Osetsky, YN Bacon, DJ AF Osetsky, Y. N. Bacon, D. J. BE Konings, RJM TI Atomic-Level Dislocation Dynamics in Irradiated Metals SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS/BASIC ASPECTS OF MULTI-SCALE MODELING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STACKING-FAULT TETRAHEDRA; SELF-INTERSTITIAL CLUSTERS; 111 SCREW DISLOCATION; POINT-OF-VIEW; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ALPHA-IRON; EDGE DISLOCATION; OBSTACLE INTERACTIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GLIDING DISLOCATIONS C1 [Osetsky, Y. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bacon, D. J.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. RP Osetsky, YN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Osetskiy, Yury/0000-0002-8109-0030 NR 100 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5; 978-0-08-056027-4 PY 2012 BP 333 EP 356 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3KY UT WOS:000334339600014 ER PT B AU Golubov, SI Barashev, AV Stoller, RE AF Golubov, S. I. Barashev, A. V. Stoller, R. E. BE Konings, RJM TI Radiation Damage Theory SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS/BASIC ASPECTS OF MULTI-SCALE MODELING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEV PROTON IRRADIATION; SUPERSATURATED LATTICE VACANCIES; ONE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION; CASCADE-DAMAGE; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; DISLOCATION LOOPS; PRODUCTION BIAS; VOID FORMATION; POINT-DEFECTS; INTERSTITIAL CLUSTERS C1 [Golubov, S. I.; Barashev, A. V.; Stoller, R. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Barashev, A. V.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Golubov, SI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 166 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5; 978-0-08-056027-4 PY 2012 BP 357 EP 391 PG 35 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3KY UT WOS:000334339600015 ER PT B AU Besmann, TM AF Besmann, T. M. BE Konings, RJM TI Computational Thermodynamics: Application to Nuclear Materials SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 1: BASIC ASPECTS OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN SOLIDS/BASIC ASPECTS OF MULTI-SCALE MODELING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRIA; QUASI-CHEMICAL MODEL; OXYGEN SYSTEM; MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; PHASE; REPRESENTATION; FUEL; OXIDES; PU C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5; 978-0-08-056027-4 PY 2012 BP 455 EP 470 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3KY UT WOS:000334339600019 ER PT J AU Maziasz, PJ Busby, JT AF Maziasz, P. J. Busby, J. T. BE Konings, RJM TI Properties of Austenitic Steels for Nuclear Reactor Applications SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 2: MATERIAL PROPERTIES/OXIDE FUELS FOR LIGHT WATER REACTORS AND FAST NEUTRON REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STAINLESS-STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; IRRADIATION; PERFORMANCE; DEPENDENCE; RESISTANCE C1 [Maziasz, P. J.; Busby, J. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 267 EP 283 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FE UT WOS:000334180300009 ER PT J AU Burchell, TD AF Burchell, T. D. BE Konings, RJM TI Graphite: Properties and Characteristics SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 2: MATERIAL PROPERTIES/OXIDE FUELS FOR LIGHT WATER REACTORS AND FAST NEUTRON REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITES; NUCLEAR GRAPHITE; POLYCRYSTALLINE GRAPHITE; FRACTURE; IRRADIATION; BEHAVIOR C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burchell, TD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 285 EP 305 PG 21 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FE UT WOS:000334180300010 ER PT J AU Petti, DA Demkowicz, PA Maki, JT Hobbins, RR AF Petti, D. A. Demkowicz, P. A. Maki, J. T. Hobbins, R. R. BE Konings, RJM TI TRISO-Coated Particle Fuel Performance SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 3: ADVANCED FUELS/FUEL CLADDING/NUCLEAR FUEL PERFORMANCE MODELING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTOR; FISSION-PRODUCT RELEASE; GAS-COOLED REACTORS; BURN-UP; IRRADIATION C1 [Petti, D. A.; Demkowicz, P. A.; Maki, J. T.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Hobbins, R. R.] RRH Consulting, Wilson, WY USA. RP Petti, DA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 151 EP 213 PG 63 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FF UT WOS:000334181100007 ER PT J AU Meyer, MK AF Meyer, M. K. BE Konings, RJM TI Composite Fuel (cermet, cercer) SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 3: ADVANCED FUELS/FUEL CLADDING/NUCLEAR FUEL PERFORMANCE MODELING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INERT MATRIX FUEL; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; LIGHT-WATER REACTORS; OXIDE FUELS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; AMERICIUM TRANSMUTATION; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ND2ZR2O7 PYROCHLORE; MGO-ZRO2 CERAMICS; SEVERE ACCIDENTS C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Meyer, MK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Meyer, Mitchell/0000-0002-1980-7862 NR 117 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 257 EP 273 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FF UT WOS:000334181100010 ER PT J AU Kim, YS AF Kim, Yeon Soo BE Konings, RJM TI Uranium Intermetallic Fuels (U-Al, U-Si, U-Mo) SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 3: ADVANCED FUELS/FUEL CLADDING/NUCLEAR FUEL PERFORMANCE MODELING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISPERSION FUELS; TEST-REACTORS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; ALUMINIDE FUELS; U3SI2; AMORPHIZATION; ALLOYS; PLATES; DIFFUSION; GROWTH C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, YS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 391 EP 422 PG 32 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FF UT WOS:000334181100014 ER PT J AU Keiser, DD AF Keiser, D. D., Jr. BE Konings, RJM TI Metal Fuel-Cladding Interaction SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 3: ADVANCED FUELS/FUEL CLADDING/NUCLEAR FUEL PERFORMANCE MODELING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID U-ZR ALLOYS; IRON-URANIUM-ZIRCONIUM; FAST-REACTOR FUELS; STAINLESS-STEEL; PHASE-RELATIONS; TERNARY-SYSTEM; FE SYSTEM; EBR-II; 923 K; DIFFUSION C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Keiser, DD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 423 EP 441 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FF UT WOS:000334181100015 ER PT J AU Rest, J AF Rest, J. BE Konings, RJM TI Modeling of Fission-Gas-Induced Swelling of Nuclear Fuels SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 3: ADVANCED FUELS/FUEL CLADDING/NUCLEAR FUEL PERFORMANCE MODELING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH BURNUP UO2; IRRADIATION-INDUCED RECRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RIM-STRUCTURE FORMATION; RE-SOLUTION; GRAIN SUBDIVISION; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; INTRAGRANULAR BUBBLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; LATTICE-PARAMETER C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rest, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 579 EP 627 PG 49 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FF UT WOS:000334181100020 ER PT J AU Ogata, T Kim, YS Yacout, AM AF Ogata, T. Kim, Yeon Soo Yacout, A. M. BE Konings, RJM TI Metal Fuel Performance Modeling and Simulation SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 3: ADVANCED FUELS/FUEL CLADDING/NUCLEAR FUEL PERFORMANCE MODELING AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FISSION-GAS BEHAVIOR; FAST-REACTOR FUELS; PU-ZR FUEL; U-ZR; CONSTITUENT REDISTRIBUTION; IRRADIATION BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-GRADIENT; ANALYSIS CODE; STEADY-STATE; TEMPERATURE C1 [Ogata, T.] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 201, Japan. [Kim, Yeon Soo; Yacout, A. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ogata, T (reprint author), Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 201, Japan. NR 80 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 713 EP 753 PG 41 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FF UT WOS:000334181100023 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ AF Leonard, K. J. BE Konings, RJM TI Radiation Effects in Refractory Metals and Alloys SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 4: RADIATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR FISSION AND FUSION REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATED MOLYBDENUM; MO-RE ALLOYS; REACTOR STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; MECHANICAL PROPERTY CHANGES; TITANIUM-0.1 PCT ZIRCONIUM; TUNGSTEN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; 300 DEGREES-C; RHENIUM ALLOYS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; ODS MOLYBDENUM C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 146 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 181 EP 213 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FH UT WOS:000334186100006 ER PT J AU Snead, LL Katoh, Y Nozawa, T AF Snead, L. L. Katoh, Y. Nozawa, T. BE Konings, RJM TI Radiation Effects in SiC and SiC-SiC SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 4: RADIATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR FISSION AND FUSION REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; ION IRRADIATION CREEP; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SIC/SIC COMPOSITES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; FUSION APPLICATIONS; CERAMIC MATERIALS C1 [Snead, L. L.; Katoh, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nozawa, T.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Aomori, Japan. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 215 EP 240 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FH UT WOS:000334186100007 ER PT J AU Burchell, TD AF Burchell, T. D. BE Konings, RJM TI Radiation Effects in Graphite SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 4: RADIATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR FISSION AND FUSION REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRRADIATION CREEP EXPERIMENTS; FAST-NEUTRON IRRADIATION; DIMENSIONAL CHANGES; POLYCRYSTALLINE GRAPHITE; POLYGRANULAR GRAPHITES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; REACTOR GRAPHITE; CARBON; MODEL; TEMPERATURE C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burchell, TD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 299 EP 324 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FH UT WOS:000334186100010 ER PT J AU Naus, DJ AF Naus, D. J. BE Konings, RJM TI Concrete SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 4: RADIATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR FISSION AND FUSION REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Naus, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 407 EP 431 PG 25 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FH UT WOS:000334186100013 ER PT J AU Causey, RA Karnesky, RA San Marchi, C AF Causey, R. A. Karnesky, R. A. San Marchi, C. BE Konings, RJM TI Tritium Barriers and Tritium Diffusion in Fusion Reactors SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 4: RADIATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR FISSION AND FUSION REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; CR-TI ALLOYS; DIFFUSIONSGESCHWINDIGKEIT VON WASSERSTOFF; HYDROGEN PERMEATION PROPERTIES; TERMINAL SOLID SOLUBILITY; ZIRCONIUM-BASED ALLOY; PLASMA-NITRIDED IRON; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; DEUTERIUM PERMEATION; MARTENSITIC STEEL C1 [Causey, R. A.; Karnesky, R. A.; San Marchi, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Causey, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Karnesky, Richard/D-1649-2010 OI Karnesky, Richard/0000-0003-4717-457X NR 254 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 511 EP 549 PG 39 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FH UT WOS:000334186100016 ER PT J AU Snead, LL Ferraris, M AF Snead, L. L. Ferraris, M. BE Konings, RJM TI Carbon as a Fusion Plasma-Facing Material SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 4: RADIATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR FISSION AND FUSION REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATED GRAPHITE; INDUCED CHEMICAL EROSION; HEAT-FLUX COMPONENTS; JOIN CFC COMPOSITES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; ITER DIVERTOR; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; DOPED GRAPHITES C1 [Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ferraris, M.] Politecn Torino, Turin, Italy. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 152 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 583 EP 620 PG 38 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FH UT WOS:000334186100018 ER PT J AU Li, M Zinkle, SJ AF Li, M. Zinkle, S. J. BE Konings, RJM TI Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 4: RADIATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR FISSION AND FUSION REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED COPPER; NEUTRON-IRRADIATED COPPER; HEAT-FLUX APPLICATIONS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENT; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; BLANKET-SHIELD MODULES; HARDENING CU-CR; ITER 1ST WALL; PURE COPPER C1 [Li, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zinkle, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 126 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 667 EP 690 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-056033-5.00122-1 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FH UT WOS:000334186100020 ER PT J AU Lillard, S AF Lillard, S. BE Konings, RJM TI Corrosion and Compatibility SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 5: MATERIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION/WASTE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STEAM-GENERATOR TUBES; OXIDE-FILM GROWTH; STAINLESS-STEEL; REFERENCE ELECTRODES; PROTON IRRADIATION; ANODIC DISSOLUTION; PITTING CORROSION; POURBAIX DIAGRAMS; WATER; IMPEDANCE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FJ UT WOS:000334186400001 ER PT J AU Farrell, K AF Farrell, K. BE Konings, RJM TI Performance of Aluminum in Research Reactors SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 5: MATERIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION/WASTE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATED ALUMINUM; RADIATION-INDUCED GAS; AL-LI ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LITHIUM ALLOYS; TENSILE PROPERTIES; SINGLE CRYSTALS; ALMGSI ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; HELIUM C1 [Farrell, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 106 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 143 EP 175 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FJ UT WOS:000334186400007 ER PT J AU Wright, R Wright, J Cabet, C AF Wright, R. Wright, J. Cabet, C. BE Konings, RJM TI Material Performance in Helium-Cooled Systems SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 5: MATERIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION/WASTE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION; HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS; REACTOR SYSTEMS; HASTELLOY-X; HTGR HELIUM; INCONEL-617; IMPURITIES; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; COMPONENTS C1 [Wright, R.; Wright, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Cabet, C.] CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Wright, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 251 EP 277 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FJ UT WOS:000334186400011 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ AF Mincher, B. J. BE Konings, RJM TI Degradation Issues in Aqueous Reprocessing Systems SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 5: MATERIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION/WASTE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DICYCLOHEXANO-18-CROWN-6 ETHER DCH18C6; HARMFUL RADIOLYTIC PRODUCTS; GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NORMAL-BUTYL PHOSPHATE; NITRIC-ACID SOLUTIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; RADIATION-CHEMISTRY; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; RATE CONSTANTS C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 135 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 367 EP 388 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FJ UT WOS:000334186400015 ER PT J AU Ebert, WL AF Ebert, W. L. BE Konings, RJM TI Metallic Waste Forms SO COMPREHENSIVE NUCLEAR MATERIALS, VOL 5: MATERIAL PERFORMANCE AND CORROSION/WASTE MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STEEL-ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS; SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ACTINIDES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ebert, WL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-056033-5 PY 2012 BP 505 EP 538 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BA3FJ UT WOS:000334186400020 ER PT B AU Kazmerski, LL AF Kazmerski, L. L. BE VanSark, WGJHM Sayigh, A TI Solar Photovoltaics Technology: No Longer an Outlier SO COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY, VOL 1: PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CELLS; EFFICIENCY C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kazmerski, LL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 110 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-087873-7; 978-0-08-087872-0 PY 2012 BP 13 EP 30 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374711-2.00101-7 PG 18 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA3HQ UT WOS:000334268400003 ER PT B AU Fthenakis, VM Kim, HC AF Fthenakis, V. M. Kim, H. C. BE VanSark, WGJHM Sayigh, A TI Environmental Impacts of Photovoltaic Life Cycles SO COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY, VOL 1: PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; PAY-BACK TIME; CDTE PHOTOVOLTAICS; SILICON FEEDSTOCK; ENERGY PAYBACK; CO2 EMISSIONS; MODULES; CADMIUM; SI C1 [Fthenakis, V. M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fthenakis, V. M.; Kim, H. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Kim, Hyung Chul/0000-0002-0992-4547 NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-087873-7; 978-0-08-087872-0 PY 2012 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00107-4 PG 17 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA3HQ UT WOS:000334268400008 ER PT B AU Fthenakis, VM Nikolakakis, T AF Fthenakis, V. M. Nikolakakis, T. BE VanSark, WGJHM Sayigh, A TI Storage Options for Photovoltaics SO COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY, VOL 1: PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLYWHEEL ENERGY-STORAGE; REDOX FLOW BATTERY; POWER-SYSTEMS C1 [Fthenakis, V. M.; Nikolakakis, T.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Fthenakis, V. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-087873-7; 978-0-08-087872-0 PY 2012 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00106-2 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA3HQ UT WOS:000334268400011 ER PT B AU Myers, DR AF Myers, D. R. BE VanSark, WGJHM Sayigh, A TI Solar Radiation Resource Assessment for Renewable Energy Conversion SO COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY, VOL 1: PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SI RADIOMETRIC SCALE; DIFFUSE IRRADIANCE; MODELS; PYRANOMETER; ILLUMINANCE; VALIDATION; ACCURACY C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-087873-7; 978-0-08-087872-0 PY 2012 BP 213 EP 237 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00112-8 PG 25 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA3HQ UT WOS:000334268400012 ER PT B AU Gessert, TA AF Gessert, T. A. BE VanSark, WGJHM Sayigh, A TI Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Thin Film: CdTe SO COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY, VOL 1: PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CDS/CDTE SOLAR-CELLS; HETEROJUNCTIONS; CONTACT; PERFORMANCE; INTERFACE; THICKNESS; JUNCTIONS; LIFETIME; DEVICES C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-087873-7; 978-0-08-087872-0 PY 2012 BP 423 EP 438 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00122-0 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA3HQ UT WOS:000334268400019 ER PT J AU Wright, LL Eaton, LM Perlack, RD Stokes, BJ AF Wright, L. L. Eaton, L. M. Perlack, R. D. Stokes, B. J. BE Sayigh, A TI Woody Biomass SO COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY, VOL 5: BIOMASS AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHORT-ROTATION COPPICE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PINE PLANTATION SILVICULTURE; COMPLETE COMPETITION CONTROL; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; LOBLOLLY-PINE; POPULUS-TRICHOCARPA; FOREST FERTILIZATION; INTENSIVE CULTURE; GENETIC-VARIATION C1 [Wright, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eaton, L. M.; Perlack, R. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Stokes, B. J.] CNJV LLC, Washington, DC USA. RP Wright, LL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 136 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-087873-7 PY 2012 BP 263 EP 291 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00520-5 PG 29 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA BA3KW UT WOS:000334337900014 ER PT J AU Spink, J Mullins, E Berry, P AF Spink, J. Mullins, E. Berry, P. BE Sayigh, A TI Potential for Yield Improvement SO COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY, VOL 5: BIOMASS AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAPE BRASSICA-NAPUS; GLUCOSINOLATE SUMMER RAPE; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; HIGH ERUCIC-ACID; OILSEED RAPE; SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM; ROOT-GROWTH; ENHANCES RESISTANCE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; WINTER-WHEAT C1 [Spink, J.; Mullins, E.] TEAGASC, Oak Pk Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, North Ireland. [Berry, P.] ADAS High Mowthorpe, Malton, N Yorkshire, England. RP Spink, J (reprint author), TEAGASC, Oak Pk Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, North Ireland. OI Mullins, Ewen/0000-0003-3005-4264 NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-087873-7 PY 2012 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-087872-0.00521-7 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA BA3KW UT WOS:000334337900015 ER PT B AU Lewis, MW Rangaswamy, P AF Lewis, M. W. Rangaswamy, P. BE Jerrams, S Murphy, N TI A stable hyperelastic model for foamed rubber SO CONSTITUTIVE MODELS FOR RUBBER VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubber (ECCMR) CY SEP 20-23, 2011 CL Dublin Inst Technol, Ctr Elastomer Res, Dublin, IRELAND SP Engineers Ireland, MetraviB, Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, Sci Fdn Ireland, MTS, Maney Publishing HO Dublin Inst Technol, Ctr Elastomer Res AB A hyperelastic strain energy function for foamed rubber that is based on the physical features of a typical uniaxial compression curve for foams and the behavior of a spherical pore in a spherical, incompressible Mooney-Rivlin matrix is presented. The model is unconditionally stable when positive moduli are used, and can represent most foam test data, including variable Poisson behavior during compression. This most general model has six parameters, including four moduli, a dimensionless parameter associated with buckling or plateau strain, and an initial porosity. The model will be described and its ability to fit compression response data for PDMS foams over a range of relative densities will be evaluated. Several potential extensions of this model will be discussed, including representation of the Mullins effect, representation of aging behavior, inclusion of matrix compressibility, and modeling the effect of pore gas response. C1 [Lewis, M. W.; Rangaswamy, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lewis, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13524-2; 978-0-415-68389-0 PY 2012 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG8KL UT WOS:000392383400019 ER PT B AU Steinke, L Weltin, U Flamm, M Lion, A Celina, M AF Steinke, L. Weltin, U. Flamm, M. Lion, A. Celina, M. BE Jerrams, S Murphy, N TI Numerical analysis of the heterogeneous ageing of rubber products SO CONSTITUTIVE MODELS FOR RUBBER VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubber (ECCMR) CY SEP 20-23, 2011 CL Dublin Inst Technol, Ctr Elastomer Res, Dublin, IRELAND SP Engineers Ireland, MetraviB, Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, Sci Fdn Ireland, MTS, Maney Publishing HO Dublin Inst Technol, Ctr Elastomer Res ID POLYMERIC MATERIALS; OXIDATION; MODEL AB Ageing of elastomeric materials is an important subject in product development concerning lifetime prediction. Because of environmental influences like temperature, oxygen, radiation and similar conditions rubber and elastomers will change their material properties and hence affect the lifetime. The reason for this material change is the modification of the polymer network. In case of sulphur cured natural rubber it can result in hardening of the material and pronounced surface hardening for thick-walled products. This is known as the Diffusion-Limited Oxidation effect (DLO) when oxidation is the key environmental influence. This paper describes a model which is designed to calculate the change in network density caused by thermo-oxidative ageing and the required measurements for the parameterisation. C1 [Steinke, L.; Weltin, U.; Flamm, M.] Tech Univ Hamburg, Inst Reliabil Engn, Hamburg, Germany. [Lion, A.] Univ Fed Armed Forces, Fac Aerosp Engn, Inst Mech, Munich, Germany. [Celina, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Steinke, L (reprint author), Tech Univ Hamburg, Inst Reliabil Engn, Hamburg, Germany. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13524-2; 978-0-415-68389-0 PY 2012 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BG8KL UT WOS:000392383400025 ER PT B AU Bryan, JB Doiron, T AF Bryan, James B. Doiron, Ted BE Hocken, RJ Pereira, PH TI Temperature Fundamentals SO COORDINATE MEASURING MACHINES AND SYSTEMS, 2ND EDITION SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bryan, James B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Metrol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Doiron, Ted] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Div Precis Engn, Engn Metrol Grp, Tokyo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1753-3; 978-1-57444-652-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2012 VL 76 BP 273 EP 303 PG 31 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BC5NU UT WOS:000353404200011 ER PT S AU Thone, CC Postigo, AD Fryer, C Page, K Gorosabel, J Perley, D Aloy, M Kouveliotou, C AF Thone, C. C. de Ugarte Postigo, A. Fryer, C. Page, K. Gorosabel, J. Perley, D. Aloy, M. Kouveliotou, C. CA Christmas Burst Collaboration BE Roming, PWA Kawai, N Pian, E TI GRB 101225A-a new class of GRBs? SO DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 279th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union CY MAR 12-16, 2012 CL Nikko, JAPAN SP Int Astronom Union, Minist Educ Culture Sport Sci & Technol Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Tokyo Tech, SW Res Inst, Global COE Program Quantum Phys & Nanoscience, Grant Aid Prior Res Area Decipher Ancient Universe Gamma Ray Bursts, Astronom Soc Japan DE gamma rays: bursts; supernovae: individual ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; SUPERNOVA; REDSHIFT AB The Christmas burst, GRB 101225A, was one of the most controversial bursts in the last few years. Its exceptionally long duration but bright X-ray emission showing a thermal component followed by a strange afterglow with a thermal SED lead to two different interpretations. We present here our model ascribing this strange event to a new type of GRB progenitor consisting of a neutron star and an evolved main-sequence star in a very faint galaxy at red shift 0.33 while Campana et al. (2011) proposed a Galactic origin. New observations at several wavelengths might resolve the question between the two models in the near future. C1 [Thone, C. C.; de Ugarte Postigo, A.; Gorosabel, J.] CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. [de Ugarte Postigo, A.] Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Fryer, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Page, K.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Perley, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aloy, M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. [Kouveliotou, C.] NASA, Sci & Technol Off, MSFC, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Thone, CC (reprint author), CSIC, IAA, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain. EM cthoene@iaa.es OI de Ugarte Postigo, Antonio/0000-0001-7717-5085; Thone, Christina/0000-0002-7978-7648 FU "Estallidos" of the Spanish MEC [AYA2010-21887-004-01]; FEDER; IAU to attend this conference FX CCT acknowledges support from "Estallidos" under program number AYA2010-21887-004-01 of the Spanish MEC and by FEDER and generous support from the IAU to attend this conference. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01979-9 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2012 VL 279 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1017/S1743921312012744 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9KJ UT WOS:000393362200015 ER PT S AU Smith, N Cenko, SB Butler, N Bloom, JS Kasliwal, MM Horesh, A Kulkarni, SR Law, NM Nugent, PE Ofek, EO Poznanski, D Quimby, RM Sesar, B Ben-Ami, S Arcavi, I Gal-Yam, A Polishook, D Xu, D Yaron, O Frail, DA Sullivan, M AF Smith, Nathan Cenko, S. Bradley Butler, Nat Bloom, Joshua S. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Horesh, Assaf Kulkarni, Shrinivas R. Law, Nicholas M. Nugent, Peter E. Ofek, Eran O. Poznanski, Dovi Quimby, Robert M. Sesar, Branimir Ben-Ami, Sagi Arcavi, Iair Gal-Yam, Avishay Polishook, David Xu, Dong Yaron, Ofer Frail, Dale A. Sullivan, Mark BE Roming, PWA Kawai, N Pian, E TI SN 2010jp (PTF10aaxi): A Jet-driven Type II Supernova SO DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 279th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union CY MAR 12-16, 2012 CL Nikko, JAPAN SP Int Astronom Union, Minist Educ Culture Sport Sci & Technol Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Tokyo Tech, SW Res Inst, Global COE Program Quantum Phys & Nanoscience, Grant Aid Prior Res Area Decipher Ancient Universe Gamma Ray Bursts, Astronom Soc Japan DE ISM: jets and outflows; supernovae: general ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SPECTRAL NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; RED SUPERGIANTS; EXPLOSIONS; STARS; SIMULATIONS; MAGNETARS; PULSARS AB We present photometry and spectroscopy of the peculiar Type II supernova SN 2010jp, also named PTF10aaxi. The light curve exhibits a linear decline with a relatively low peak absolute magnitude of only -15.9 (unfiltered), and a low radioactive decay luminosity at late times that suggests a low synthesized nickel mass of about 0.003 M circle dot or less. Spectra of SN 2010jp display an unprecedented triple-peaked Ha line profile, showing: (1) a narrow central component that suggests shock interaction with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM); (2) high-velocity blue and red emission features centered at -12,600 and +15,400 km s(-1); and (3) very broad wings extending from -22,000 to +25,000 km s(-1). We propose that this line profile indicates a bipolar jet-driven explosion, with the central component produced by normal SN ejecta and CSM interaction at mid and low latitudes, while the high-velocity bumps and broad line wings arise in a nonrelativistic bipolar jet. Jet -driven SNe II are predicted for collapsars resulting from a wide range of initial masses above 25 M circle dot, especially at the sub-solar metallicity consistent with the SN host environment. It also seems consistent with the apparently low Ni-56 mass that may accompany black hole formation. We speculate that the jet survives to produce observable signatures because the star's H envelope was very low mass, having been mostly stripped away by the previous eruptive mass loss. C1 [Smith, Nathan] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cenko, S. Bradley; Butler, Nat; Bloom, Joshua S.; Nugent, Peter E.; Poznanski, Dovi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Horesh, Assaf; Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.; Ofek, Eran O.; Quimby, Robert M.; Sesar, Branimir] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Law, Nicholas M.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Nugent, Peter E.; Poznanski, Dovi] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ben-Ami, Sagi; Arcavi, Iair; Gal-Yam, Avishay; Polishook, David; Xu, Dong; Yaron, Ofer] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Frail, Dale A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Sullivan, Mark] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. RP Smith, N (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Horesh, Assaf/0000-0002-5936-1156 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01979-9 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2012 VL 279 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1017/S1743921312012860 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9KJ UT WOS:000393362200027 ER PT S AU Whalen, DJ AF Whalen, Daniel J. BE Roming, PWA Kawai, N Pian, E TI Detecting the First Supernovae in the Universe with JWST SO DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 279th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union CY MAR 12-16, 2012 CL Nikko, JAPAN SP Int Astronom Union, Minist Educ Culture Sport Sci & Technol Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Tokyo Tech, SW Res Inst, Global COE Program Quantum Phys & Nanoscience, Grant Aid Prior Res Area Decipher Ancient Universe Gamma Ray Bursts, Astronom Soc Japan DE early universe; stars:early type; galaxies:high-redshift; supernovae:general; methods:numerical ID PAIR-INSTABILITY SUPERNOVAE; POPULATION III STARS; HII-REGIONS; EVOLUTION; FRAGMENTATION; PROTOSTARS; REDSHIFT; BINARIES AB Massive Population III stars die as pair-instability supernovae (PI SNe), the most energetic thermonuclear explosions in the universe with energies up to 100 times those of Type Ia or Type II SNe. Their extreme luminosities may allow them to be observed from the earliest epochs, revealing the nature of Pop III stars and the primitive galaxies in which they reside. We present numerical simulations of Pop III PI SNe done with the radiation hydrodynamics code RAGE and calculations of their light curves and spectra performed with the SPECTRUM code. We find that 150 - 250 M circle dot PI SNe will be visible to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) out to z similar to 30 and to z similar to 15 - 20 in all-sky NIR surveys by the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). C1 [Whalen, Daniel J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Whalen, Daniel J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Whalen, DJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM dwhalen@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01979-9 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2012 VL 279 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1017/S1743921312013038 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9KJ UT WOS:000393362200044 ER PT S AU Kuncarayakti, H Doi, M Aldering, G Arimoto, N Maeda, K Morokuma, T Pereira, R Usuda, T Hashiba, Y AF Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo Doi, Mamoru Aldering, Greg Arimoto, Nobuo Maeda, Keiichi Morokuma, Tomoki Pereira, Rui Usuda, Tomonori Hashiba, Yasuhito BE Roming, PWA Kawai, N Pian, E TI Mass and metallicity constraints on supernova progenitors derived from integral field spectroscopy of the environment SO DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 279th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union CY MAR 12-16, 2012 CL Nikko, JAPAN SP Int Astronom Union, Minist Educ Culture Sport Sci & Technol Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Tokyo Tech, SW Res Inst, Global COE Program Quantum Phys & Nanoscience, Grant Aid Prior Res Area Decipher Ancient Universe Gamma Ray Bursts, Astronom Soc Japan DE stars: supernovae ID MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; GALAXIES; MODELS AB We have obtained optical integral field spectroscopy of the explosion sites of more than 25 nearby type-IIP/IIL/Ib/Ic supernovae using UH88/SNIFS, and additionally Gemini/GMOS IFU. This technique enables us to obtain both spatial and spectral information of the immediate environment of the supernovae. Using strong line method we measured the metallicity of the star cluster present at the explosion site, presumably the coeval parent stellar population of the supernova progenitor, and comparison with simple stellar population models gives age estimate of the cluster. With this method we were able to put constraints on the metallicity and age of the progenitor star. The age, i.e. lifetime, of the progenitor corresponds to the initial mass of the star. By far this is the most direct measurement of supernova progenitor metallicity and, if the cluster-progenitor association is confirmed, provides reliable determination of the initial mass of supernova progenitor stars. C1 [Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo; Doi, Mamoru; Morokuma, Tomoki; Hashiba, Yasuhito] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Aldering, Greg] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arimoto, Nobuo] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Maeda, Keiichi] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Pereira, Rui] CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Usuda, Tomonori] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Kuncarayakti, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. EM hanin@ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp OI Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo/0000-0002-1132-1366 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01979-9 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2012 VL 279 BP 343 EP 344 DI 10.1017/S1743921312013269 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9KJ UT WOS:000393362200066 ER PT S AU Lien, A Sakamoto, T Gehrels, N Palmer, D Graziani, C AF Lien, Amy Sakamoto, Takanori Gehrels, Neil Palmer, David Graziani, Carlo BE Roming, PWA Kawai, N Pian, E TI Trigger Simulations for GRB Detection with the Swift Burst Alert Telescope SO DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 279th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union CY MAR 12-16, 2012 CL Nikko, JAPAN SP Int Astronom Union, Minist Educ Culture Sport Sci & Technol Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Tokyo Tech, SW Res Inst, Global COE Program Quantum Phys & Nanoscience, Grant Aid Prior Res Area Decipher Ancient Universe Gamma Ray Bursts, Astronom Soc Japan DE Gamma-ray Bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB Understanding the intrinsic cosmic long gamma-ray burst (GRB) rate is essential in many aspects of astrophysics and cosmology, such as revealing the connection between GRBs, supernovae (SNe), and stellar evolution. Swift, a multi-wavelength space telescope, is quickly expanding the GRB category by observing hundreds of GRBs and their redshifts. However, it remains difficult to determine the intrinsic GRB rate due to the complex trigger algorithm adopted by Swift. Current studies of the GRB rate usually approximate the Swift trigger algorithm by a single detection threshold. Nevertheless, unlike the previously flown GRB instruments, Swift has over 500 trigger criteria based on count rates and additional thresholds for localization. To investigate possible systematic biases and further explore the intrinsic GRB rate as a function of redshift and the GRB luminosity function, we adopt a Monte Carlo approach by simulating all trigger criteria used by Swift. A precise estimation of the intrinsic GRB rate is important to reveal the GRB origins and their relation to the black-hole forming SNe. Additionally, the GRB rate at high redshifts provides a strong probe of the star formation history in the early universe, which is hard to measure directly through other methods. C1 [Lien, Amy; Sakamoto, Takanori; Gehrels, Neil] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Palmer, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Graziani, Carlo] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lien, Amy] ORAU, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sakamoto, Takanori] UMBC, CRESST, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lien, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM amy.y.lien@nasa.gov; takanori@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; neil.gehrels@nasa.gov; palmer@lanl.gov; carlo@oddjob.uchicago.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01979-9 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2012 VL 279 BP 347 EP 348 DI 10.1017/S1743921312013282 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9KJ UT WOS:000393362200068 ER PT S AU Young, PA Ellinger, C Fryer, C Rockefeller, G AF Young, Patrick A. Ellinger, Carola Fryer, Chris Rockefeller, Gabe BE Roming, PWA Kawai, N Pian, E TI Structure Formation and Characterization in Supernova Explosions SO DEATH OF MASSIVE STARS: SUPERNOVAE AND GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 279th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union CY MAR 12-16, 2012 CL Nikko, JAPAN SP Int Astronom Union, Minist Educ Culture Sport Sci & Technol Japan, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Tokyo Tech, SW Res Inst, Global COE Program Quantum Phys & Nanoscience, Grant Aid Prior Res Area Decipher Ancient Universe Gamma Ray Bursts, Astronom Soc Japan DE (ISM:) supernova remnants; diffusion; hydrodynamics; methods: numerical AB Observations of supernova remnants show that large-and small scale structures form at various points in the explosion. We present a case study of structure formation in 3D in a 15 M circle dot supernova for different parameters. We investigate the structure formation and morphology of the Rayleigh-Taylor unstable region. We also propose a method of characterizing the sizes of overdense clumps that can be compared directly with observations. The RT instabilities result in clumps that are overdense by 1-2 orders of magnitude with respect to the ambient gas, have size scales on the level of a few% of the remnant diameter, and are not diffused after the first similar to 30 yrs of the remnant evolution, in the absence of a surrounding medium. C1 [Young, Patrick A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Ellinger, Carola] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Fryer, Chris; Rockefeller, Gabe] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Young, PA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM patrick.young.1@asu.edu; ellinger@uta.edu; fryer@lanl.gov; gaber@lanl.gov OI Rockefeller, Gabriel/0000-0002-9029-5097 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-01979-9 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2012 VL 279 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.1017/S1743921312013683 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG9KJ UT WOS:000393362200108 ER PT B AU Weissman, JB Kim, J AF Weissman, Jon B. Kim, Jinoh BE Cerin, C Fedak, G TI Network Awareness in Volunteer Networks SO DESKTOP GRID COMPUTING SE Chapman & Hall CRC Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weissman, Jon B.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. [Kim, Jinoh] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weissman, JB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC PRESS PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PKWY, NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487 USA BN 978-1-4398-6215-5; 978-1-4398-6214-8 J9 CH CRC NUMER ANAL SC PY 2012 BP 333 EP 356 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC5FG UT WOS:000353237100016 ER PT S AU Mayberry, C Nguyen, DD Kouhestani, C Kambour, KE Hjalmarson, HP Devine, RAB AF Mayberry, C. Nguyen, D. D. Kouhestani, C. Kambour, K. E. Hjalmarson, H. P. Devine, R. A. B. BE Kar, S VanElshocht, S Kita, K Misra, D TI Measurement and Identification of Three Contributing Charge Terms in Negative Bias Temperature Instability SO DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND METALS FOR NANOELECTRONICS AND PHOTONICS 10 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Dielectric Materials and Metals for Nanoelectronics and Photonics - 10 held during the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div ID PMOS NBTI DEGRADATION; COMPREHENSIVE MODEL AB The increase in the magnitude of the threshold voltage of a positive-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) under negative gate biasing (negative bias temperature instability) is attributed to the build-up of charge in the gate insulator. We have studied the charging and discharging of nitrided SiO2 gate insulator field effect transistors and through the use of pseudo-DC and pulsed stressing methods, have extracted, at least, three charging components. These components are (a) the charging of interface states at the semiconductor/insulator boundary, (b) dynamically recoverable positive charging in the "bulk" of the insulator, and (c) positive charging in the insulator, which can be "eliminated" only by application of a positive electric field across the insulator. It is proposed that the charge "elimination" in (c) arises via a charge neutralization process involving electron capture at switching traps, as opposed to de-trapping, and that this can be reversed by the application of a small negative field. C1 [Mayberry, C.] AFRL RVSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Nguyen, D. D.; Kouhestani, C.] COSMIAC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Kambour, K. E.] SAIC, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Hjalmarson, H. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Devine, R. A. B.] Think Strategically, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Mayberry, C (reprint author), AFRL RVSE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA9453- 08- 2- 0259]; U. S. Air Force; United States Air Force Air Force Material Command; Air Force Research Laboratory; RVSE; Kirtland Air Force Base [NM 87117- 5776]; U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE- AC04- 94AL85000] FX D. D. Nguyen and C. Kouhestani are sponsored by the Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA9453- 08- 2- 0259. K. E. Kambour was supported by the U. S. Air Force under a contract sponsored, monitored, and managed by the United States Air Force Air Force Material Command, Air Force Research Laboratory, RVSE, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM 87117- 5776. Sandia National Labs is a multi- program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE- AC04- 94AL85000 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-352-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 4 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1149/05004.0223ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA7TN UT WOS:000337757800031 ER PT B AU Mishra, U Riley, WJ AF Mishra, U. Riley, W. J. BE Minasny, B Malone, BP McBratney, AB TI Spatial variability of the active layer, permafrost, and soil profile depth in Alaskan soils SO DIGITAL SOIL ASSESSMENTS AND BEYOND LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Global Workshop on Digital Soil Mapping CY APR 10-13, 2012 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Sydney, Soil Sci Australia, State Govt Victoria, Dept Primary Ind, Australian Collaborat Land Evaluat Program, NSW Govt, Off Environm & Heritage, CSIRO ID ORGANIC-CARBON; RELEASE; TUNDRA AB High-latitude carbon-climate-feedback predictions depend on predicted Active-Layer (AL) depth, permafrost (PF) depth, and Whole-Profile (WP) depth in permafrost-affected soils, yet only a few studies have reported these parameters at regional scales. We used spatially referenced soil profile (O-C horizon) description data (n = 472), environmental variables (topographic attributes, climate, land cover, and bedrock geology), and a local regression kriging approach to predict the spatial variability of AL, PF, and WP depths across Alaska at 60 m spatial resolution. We predicted that AL, PF, and WP depths ranged from 2-192, 7-200, and 18-241 cm, respectively. The lowest average prediction error (26 cm) and highest ratio of performance to deviation (1.3) was obtained for AL depth. Our study showed temperature and land cover types as primary controllers of AL depth spatial variability. Elevation and precipitation were the primary controllers of WP depth. Lower predicted spatial variability in comparison to observed data indicate that other spatial datasets than used in this study might improve regional-scale prediction of AL, PF, and WP depths. C1 [Mishra, U.; Riley, W. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mishra, U (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-10610-5; 978-0-415-62155-7 PY 2012 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BG9UL UT WOS:000393903300015 ER PT J AU Vaniachine, AV AF Vaniachine, A. V. CA ATLAS Collaboration CMS Collaboration GP JINR TI ADVANCEMENTS IN BIG DATA PROCESSING IN THE ATLAS AND CMS EXPERIMENTS SO DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING AND GRID-TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Grid-Technologies in Science and Education CY JUL 16-21, 2012 CL Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Informat Technologies, Dubna, RUSSIA SP Russian Fdn Basic Res, Supermicro Comp, Niagara Distribut Co HO Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Informat Technologies AB The ever-increasing volumes of scientific data present new challenges for distributed computing and Grid technologies. The emerging Big Data revolution drives exploration in scientific fields including nanotechnology, astrophysics, high-energy physics, biology and medicine. New initiatives are transforming data-driven scientific fields enabling massive data analysis in new ways. In petascale data processing scientists deal with datasets, not individual files. As a result, a task (comprised of many jobs) became a unit of petascale data processing on the Grid. Splitting of a large data processing task into jobs enabled fine-granularity checkpointing analogous to the splitting of a large file into smaller TCP/IP packets during data transfers. Transferring large data in small packets achieves reliability through automatic re-sending of the dropped TCP/IP packets. Similarly, transient job failures on the Grid can be recovered by automatic re-tries to achieve reliable 6 sigma production quality in petascale data processing on the Grid. The computing experience of the ATLAS and CMS experiments provides foundation for reliability engineering scaling up Grid technologies for data processing beyond the petascale. C1 [Vaniachine, A. V.; ATLAS Collaboration; CMS Collaboration] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vaniachine, AV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX I wish to thank the Conference organizers for their invitation and hospitality. I also thank all my collaborators and colleagues who provided materials for this review. This work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOINT INST NUCLEAR RESEARCH, PUBLISHING DEPT PI DUBNA PA JOLIOT-CURIE 6, DUBNA, 141980, RUSSIA BN 978-5-9530-0345-2 PY 2012 BP 243 EP 248 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG9TD UT WOS:000393817300043 ER PT B AU Friddle, RW AF Friddle, Raymond W. BE Bizzarri, AR Cannistraro, S TI Theoretical Models in Force Spectroscopy SO DYNAMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY AND BIOMOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FREE-ENERGY DIFFERENCES; ADHESION BONDS; STRENGTH; MOTION; FIELD C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friddle, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6238-4; 978-1-4398-6237-7 PY 2012 BP 93 EP 132 PG 40 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA BC5UD UT WOS:000353576000004 ER PT J AU Rothenberg, D Mahowald, N Lindsay, K Doney, SC Moore, JK Thornton, P AF Rothenberg, D. Mahowald, N. Lindsay, K. Doney, S. C. Moore, J. K. Thornton, P. TI Volcano impacts on climate and biogeochemistry in a coupled carbon-climate model SO EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CYCLE FEEDBACKS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SYSTEM MODEL; EL-NINO; ERUPTIONS; CCSM3; DIOXIDE; SIGNAL AB Volcanic eruptions induce a dynamical response in the climate system characterized by short-term global reductions in both surface temperature and precipitation, as well as a response in biogeochemistry. The available observations of these responses to volcanic eruptions, such as to Pinatubo, provide a valuable method to compare against model simulations. Here, the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) reproduces the physical climate response to volcanic eruptions in a realistic way, as compared to direct observations from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The model's biogeochemical response to eruptions is smaller in magnitude than observed, but because of the lack of observations, it is not clear why or where the modeled carbon response is not strong enough. Comparison to other models suggests that this model response is much weaker over tropical land; however, the precipitation response in other models is not accurate, suggesting that other models could be getting the right response for the wrong reason. The underestimated carbon response in the model compared to observations could also be due to the ash and lava input of biogeochemically important species to the ocean, which are not included in the simulation. A statistically significant reduction in the simulated carbon dioxide growth rate is seen at the 90% level in the average of 12 large eruptions over the period 1870-2000, and the net uptake of carbon is primarily concentrated in the tropics, with large spatial variability. In addition, a method for computing the volcanic response in model output without using a control ensemble is tested against a traditional methodology using two separate ensembles of runs; the method is found to produce similar results in the global average. These results suggest that not only is simulating volcanoes a good test of coupled carbon-climate models, but also that this test can be performed without a control simulation in cases where it is not practical to run separate ensembles with and without volcanic eruptions. C1 [Rothenberg, D.; Mahowald, N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lindsay, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moore, J. K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Thornton, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rothenberg, D (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM darothen@mit.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Rothenberg, Daniel/H-1353-2013; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Rothenberg, Daniel/0000-0002-8270-4831; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158 FU NASA [NNGO6G127G, NNX07AL80G]; NSF [1049033, 1021614] FX This work was done under the auspices of NASA NNGO6G127G and NSF grants (1049033, 1021614). S.C.D. acknowledges support from NASA NNX07AL80G. Computer time was obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, a National Science Foundation facility. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2190-4979 EI 2190-4987 J9 EARTH SYST DYNAM JI Earth Syst. Dynam. PY 2012 VL 3 IS 2 BP 121 EP 136 DI 10.5194/esd-3-121-2012 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 276OR UT WOS:000328760100003 ER PT S AU Pal, UB Pati, S Yoong, KJ Gopalan, S AF Pal, U. B. Pati, S. Yoong, K. J. Gopalan, S. BE Gur, TM Gopalan, S TI Electrolyzer for Waste to Energy Conversion SO ELECTROCHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF SOLID FUELS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposia on Electrochemical Utilization of Solid Fuels CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat, New Technol Subcommittee AB Hydrogen and syngas can be produced from municipal solid waste to meet part of our energy demand. In this work, the performance of a novel, energy-efficient, solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolyzer for the production of high purity hydrogen from steam and hydrocarbon waste such as plastics is analyzed. Energy analysis of the proposed electrolyzer shows that hydrogen can be generated at an efficiency of nearly 75%. Based on this study, design and electrode materials for commercially viable SOM electrolyzer is proposed. C1 [Pal, U. B.; Gopalan, S.] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Pal, U. B.; Gopalan, S.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Pati, S.] Met Oxygen Separat Technol, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Yoong, K. J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pal, UB (reprint author), Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-944-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 41 IS 12 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1149/1.3697432 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC6ZA UT WOS:000354618600008 ER PT S AU LaBarbera, M Khurana, S Fedkin, M Lvov, S Abernathy, H Gerdes, K AF LaBarbera, M. Khurana, S. Fedkin, M. Lvov, S. Abernathy, H. Gerdes, K. BE Gur, TM Gopalan, S TI Electrochemical Characterization of Liquid Metal Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SO ELECTROCHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF SOLID FUELS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposia on Electrochemical Utilization of Solid Fuels CY OCT 09-14, 2011 CL Boston, MA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temperature Mat, New Technol Subcommittee ID DIRECT OXIDATION; OIL AB A liquid tin anode solid oxide fuel cell is operated at 900 degrees C with a variety of fuel feeds, including argon, hydrogen, coal and a coal-water slurry. Characterization of anode performance is carried out by open circuit potential monitoring, linear potential sweeps, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined with equivalent circuit modeling. A cathode symmetric cell is analyzed and modeled to isolate impedance contributions resulting from ionic resistance, cathode mass transport, and cathode charge transfer; results are used to isolate anode mass transport and charge transfer impedances in the fuel cell. Open circuit potential measurements under hydrogen fuel indicate that the dominant anode reaction is electrochemical oxidation of H-2, while oxidation of Sn to SnO2 becomes the principal anodic process when the cell is fed with argon, coal, or coal-water slurry. Some chemical reduction of SnO2 to Sn by chemical reaction with coal is indicated by the cell potential. C1 [LaBarbera, M.; Khurana, S.; Fedkin, M.; Lvov, S.] Penn State Univ, Energy & Mineral Sci Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [LaBarbera, M.; Khurana, S.; Lvov, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Earth & Mineral Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lvov, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Abernathy, H.; Gerdes, K.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Lvov, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Energy & Mineral Sci Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lvov@psu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-944-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 41 IS 12 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1149/1.3697433 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC6ZA UT WOS:000354618600009 ER PT J AU Burington, ZL Morse, JC McArthur, JV AF Burington, Zachary L. Morse, John C. McArthur, J. Vaun TI DISTRIBUTION AND VARIATION OF OECETIS PARVA (TRICHOPTERA: LEPTOCERIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SAVANNAH-RIVER-PLANT; AQUATIC INSECTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; RUNS-CREEK; DIPTERA C1 [Burington, Zachary L.; Morse, John C.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29654 USA. [McArthur, J. Vaun] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Burington, ZL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29654 USA. EM zburing@clemson.edu; jmorse@clemson.edu; mcarthur@srel.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X EI 2162-3236 J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2012 VL 122 IS 1 BP 100 EP 106 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 934DH UT WOS:000303422900016 ER PT B AU Baer, DR Tratnyek, PG Qiang, Y Amonette, JE Linehan, J Sarathy, V Nurmi, JT Wang, CM Antony, J AF Baer, Donald R. Tratnyek, Paul G. Qiang, You Amonette, James E. Linehan, John Sarathy, Vaishnavi Nurmi, James T. Wang, Chongmin Antony, J. BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORE-SHELL NANOCLUSTERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ZEROVALENT IRON; NANOSCALE; PARTICLES; REDUCTION; KINETICS C1 [Baer, Donald R.; Amonette, James E.; Linehan, John; Wang, Chongmin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tratnyek, Paul G.; Sarathy, Vaishnavi; Nurmi, James T.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR USA. [Qiang, You; Antony, J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID USA. RP Baer, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 49 EP 86 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 38 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400003 ER PT B AU Moore, RC Szecsody, J Truex, MJ Helean, KB Bontchev, R Ainsworth, C AF Moore, Robert C. Szecsody, Jim Truex, Michael J. Helean, Katheryn B. Bontchev, Ranko Ainsworth, Calvin BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Formation of Nanosized Apatite Crystals in Sediment for Containment and Stabilization of Contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRACE-METAL CHEMISTRY; SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITE; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; STRONTIUM; SORPTION; SOILS; URANIUM; LEAD C1 [Moore, Robert C.; Helean, Katheryn B.; Bontchev, Ranko] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Szecsody, Jim; Truex, Michael J.; Ainsworth, Calvin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Moore, RC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 89 EP 108 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400004 ER PT B AU Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Parker, KE AF Mattigod, Shas V. Fryxell, Glen E. Parker, Kent E. BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Functionalized Nanoporous Sorbents for Adsorption of Radioiodine from Groundwater and Waste Glass Leachates SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; ORGANO-CLAYS; I-IONS; SORPTION; MINERALS; IODINE; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; CINNABAR C1 [Mattigod, Shas V.; Fryxell, Glen E.; Parker, Kent E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mattigod, SV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 109 EP 119 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400005 ER PT B AU Fryxell, GE AF Fryxell, Glen E. BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Synthesis of Nanostructured Hybrid Sorbent Materials Using Organosilane Self-Assembly on Mesoporous Ceramic Oxides SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPOROUS SILICA; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; ORGANIC GROUPS; ACTINIDE SEQUESTRATION; MESOSTRUCTURED SILICA; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; SELECTIVE ADSORPTION; INITIAL EVALUATION; MONOLAYERS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fryxell, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 207 EP 226 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400008 ER PT B AU Kim, H Liang, CD Dai, S AF Kim, Hyunjung Liang, Chengdu Dai, Sheng BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Hierarchically Imprinted Adsorbents SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE TEMPLATE POLYMERIZATION; MASS-TRANSFER KINETICS; SOL-GEL PROCESS; INIFERTER-MODIFIED SUPPORTS; METAL-IONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; STRUCTURAL ANALOGS; ORGANIC MODIFIER; STATIONARY-PHASE C1 [Kim, Hyunjung; Liang, Chengdu; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 261 EP 285 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 25 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400010 ER PT B AU Mattigod, SV Fryxell, GE Parker, KE AF Mattigod, Shas V. Fryxell, Glen E. Parker, Kent E. BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI A Thiol-functionalized Nanoporous Silica Sorbent for Removal of Mercury from Actual Industrial Waste SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; BASES HSAB; SOFT ACIDS; SCALE; HARD C1 [Mattigod, Shas V.; Fryxell, Glen E.; Parker, Kent E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mattigod, SV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 359 EP 367 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400013 ER PT B AU Yantasee, W Chouyyok, W Wiacek, RJ Creim, JA Addleman, RS Fryxell, GE Timchalk, C AF Yantasee, Wassana Chouyyok, Wilaiwan Wiacek, Robert J. Creim, Jeffrey A. Addleman, R. Shane Fryxell, Glen E. Timchalk, Charles BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Functionalized Nanoporous Silica for Oral Chelation Therapy of a Broad Range of Radionuclides SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; HEAVY-METALS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; SELECTIVE CAPTURE; NATURAL-WATERS; SORBENTS; REMOVAL; RATS; DECORPORATION; ADSORPTION C1 [Yantasee, Wassana] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Chouyyok, Wilaiwan; Wiacek, Robert J.; Creim, Jeffrey A.; Addleman, R. Shane; Fryxell, Glen E.; Timchalk, Charles] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yantasee, W (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Portland, OR 97239 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 369 EP 379 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400014 ER PT B AU Zheng, F Addleman, RS Aardahl, CL Fryxell, GE Brown, DR Zemanian, TS AF Zheng, Feng Addleman, R. Shane Aardahl, Christopher L. Fryxell, Glen E. Brown, Daryl R. Zemanian, Thomas S. BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Amine-functionalized Nanoporous Materials for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REVERSIBLE POLYMERIC SORBENTS; ORDERED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS; WATER-TOLERANT ADSORBENT; MOLECULAR-SIEVE MCM-41; HYDROTHERMAL STABILITY; MODIFIED SBA-15; HIGH-CAPACITY; NATURAL-GAS; ACID GASES; SILICA-GEL C1 [Zheng, Feng; Addleman, R. Shane; Aardahl, Christopher L.; Fryxell, Glen E.; Brown, Daryl R.; Zemanian, Thomas S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zheng, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 381 EP 405 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 25 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400015 ER PT B AU Yantasee, W Lin, YH Fryxell, GE AF Yantasee, Wassana Lin, Yuehe Fryxell, Glen E. BE Fryxell, GE Cao, G TI Electrochemical Sensors Based on Nanomaterials for Environmental Monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, SORBENTS AND SENSORS, 2ND EDIITON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON-PASTE ELECTRODE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODES; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS SAMMS; STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION; ORGANICALLY MODIFIED SILICATES; NANOTUBE NANOELECTRODE ARRAY; ADSORPTIVE COMPLEX WAVE; BISMUTH FILM ELECTRODE; INORGANIC THIN-FILMS C1 [Yantasee, Wassana; Lin, Yuehe; Fryxell, Glen E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yantasee, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 154 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-803-9; 978-1-84816-805-3 PY 2012 BP 523 EP 559 D2 10.1142/p814 PG 37 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA2CK UT WOS:000333284400019 ER PT S AU Naughton, T Vallee, G Engelmann, C Scott, SL AF Naughton, Thomas Vallee, Geoffroy Engelmann, Christian Scott, Stephen L. BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI A Case for Virtual Machine Based Fault Injection in a High-Performance Computing Environment SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux AB Large-scale computing platforms provide tremendous capabilities for scientific discovery. As applications and system software scale up to multipetaflops and beyond to exascale platforms, the occurrence of failure will be much more common. This has given rise to a push in fault-tolerance and resilience research for high-performance computing (HPC) systems. This includes work on log analysis to identify types of failures, enhancements to the Message Passing Interface (MPI) to incorporate fault awareness, and a variety of fault tolerance mechanisms that span redundant computation, algorithm based fault tolerance, and advanced checkpoint/restart techniques. While there is much work to be done on the FT/Resilience mechanisms for such large-scale systems, there is also a profound gap in the tools for experimentation. This gap is compounded by the fact that HPC environments have stringent performance requirements and are often highly customized. The tool chain for these systems are often tailored for the platform and the operating environments typically contain many site/machine specific enhancements. Therefore, it is desirable to maintain a consistent execution environment to minimize end-user (scientist) interruption. The work on system-level virtualization for HPC system offers a unique opportunity to maintain a consistent execution environment via a virtual machine (VM). Recent work on virtualization for HPC has shown that low-overhead, high performance systems can be realized [7,15]. Virtualization also provides a clean abstraction for building experimental tools for investigation into the effects of failures in HPC and the related research on FT/Resilience mechanisms and policies. In this paper we discuss the motivation for tools to perform fault injection in an HPC context. We also present the design of a new fault injection framework that can leverage virtualization. C1 [Naughton, Thomas; Vallee, Geoffroy; Engelmann, Christian; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Naughton, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29737-3; 978-3-642-29736-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7155 BP 234 EP 243 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3WA UT WOS:000371303500027 ER PT S AU Aktulga, HM Yang, C Catalyurek, UV Maris, P Vary, JP Ng, EG AF Aktulga, Hasan Metin Yang, Chao Catalyurek, Umit V. Maris, Pieter Vary, James P. Ng, Esmond G. BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI On Reducing I/O Overheads in Large-Scale Invariant Subspace Projections SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux ID COMMUNICATION AB Obtaining highly accurate predictions on properties of light atomic nuclei using the Configuration Interaction (CI) method requires computing the lowest eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of a large many-body nuclear Hamiltonian, H. One particular approach, the J-scheme, requires the projection of the H matrix into an invariant subspace. Since the matrices can be very large, enormous computing power is needed while significant stresses are put on the memory and I/O subsystems. By exploiting the inherent localities in the problem and making use of the MPI one-sided communication routines backed by RDMA operations available in the new parallel architectures, we show that it is possible to reduce the I/O overheads drastically for large problems. This is demonstrated in the subspace projection phase of J-scheme calculations on 6 Li nucleus, where our new implementation based on one-sided MPI communications outperforms the previous I/O based implementation by almost a factor of 10. C1 [Aktulga, Hasan Metin; Yang, Chao; Ng, Esmond G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Catalyurek, Umit V.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Maris, Pieter; Vary, James P.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Aktulga, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29737-3; 978-3-642-29736-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7155 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3WA UT WOS:000371303500035 ER PT S AU Baker, C Boman, E Heroux, M Keiter, E Rajamanickam, S Schiek, R Thornquist, H AF Baker, Chris Boman, Erik Heroux, Mike Keiter, Eric Rajamanickam, Siva Schiek, Rich Thornquist, Heidi BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI Enabling Next-Generation Parallel Circuit Simulation with Trilinos SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE circuit simulation; parallel computing; hybrid computing; preconditioned iterative methods; load balancing ID TRANSISTOR LEVEL AB The Xyce Parallel Circuit Simulator, which has demonstrated scalable circuit simulation on hundreds of processors, heavily leverages the high-performance scientific libraries provided by Trilinos. With the move towards multi-core CPUs and GPU technology, retaining this scalability on future parallel architectures will be a challenge. This paper will discuss how Trilinos is an enabling technology that will optimize the trade-off between effort and impact for application codes, like Xyce, in their transition to becoming next-generation simulation tools. C1 [Baker, Chris] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Boman, Erik; Heroux, Mike; Keiter, Eric; Rajamanickam, Siva; Schiek, Rich; Thornquist, Heidi] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baker, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29737-3; 978-3-642-29736-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7155 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3WA UT WOS:000371303500036 ER PT S AU Yamazaki, I Wu, KS AF Yamazaki, Ichitaro Wu, Kesheng BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI A Communication-Avoiding Thick-Restart Lanczos Method on a Distributed-Memory System SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE thick-restart Lanczos; communication-avoiding AB The Thick-Restart Lanczos (TRLan) method is an effective method for solving large-scale Hermitian eigenvalue problems. On a modern computer, communication can dominate the solution time of TRLan. To enhance the performance of TRLan, we develop CA-TRLan that integrates communication-avoiding techniques into TRLan. To study the numerical stability and solution time of CA-TRLan, we conduct numerical experiments using both synthetic diagonal matrices and matrices from the University of Florida sparse matrix collection. Our experimental results on up to 1, 024 processors of a distributed-memory system demonstrate that CA-TRLan can achieve speedups of up to three over TRLan while maintaining numerical stability. C1 [Yamazaki, Ichitaro; Wu, Kesheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yamazaki, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ic.yamazaki@gmail.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29737-3; 978-3-642-29736-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7155 BP 345 EP 354 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3WA UT WOS:000371303500039 ER PT S AU Barbieri, D Cardellini, V Filippone, S Rouson, D AF Barbieri, Davide Cardellini, Valeria Filippone, Salvatore Rouson, Damian BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI Design Patterns for Scientific Computations on Sparse Matrices SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux AB We discuss object-oriented software design patterns in the context of scientific computations on sparse matrices. Design patterns arise when multiple independent development efforts produce very similar designs, yielding an evolutionary convergence onto a good solution: a flexible, maintainable, high-performance design. We demonstrate how to engender these traits by implementing an interface for sparse matrix computations on NVIDIA GPUs starting from an existing sparse matrix library. We also present initial performance results. C1 [Barbieri, Davide; Cardellini, Valeria; Filippone, Salvatore] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Rouson, Damian] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barbieri, D (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. EM cardellini@ing.uniroma2.it; salvatore.filippone@uniroma2.it; rouson@sandia.gov RI Cardellini, Valeria/F-8409-2012 OI Cardellini, Valeria/0000-0002-6870-7083 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29737-3; 978-3-642-29736-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7155 BP 367 EP 376 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3WA UT WOS:000371303500041 ER PT S AU Scott, SL Vallee, G Naughton, T AF Scott, Stephen L. Vallee, Geoffroy Naughton, Thomas BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI 5th Workshop on System-Level Virtualization for High Performance Computing (HPCVirt 2011) SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux C1 [Scott, Stephen L.; Vallee, Geoffroy; Naughton, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Scott, Stephen L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN USA. RP Scott, SL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29737-3; 978-3-642-29736-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7155 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3WA UT WOS:000371303500024 ER PT S AU Dandapanthula, N Subramoni, H Vienne, J Kandalla, K Sur, S Panda, DK Brightwell, R AF Dandapanthula, N. Subramoni, H. Vienne, J. Kandalla, K. Sur, S. Panda, Dhabaleswar K. Brightwell, Ron BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI INAM - A Scalable InfiniBand Network Analysis and Monitoring Tool SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux AB As InfiniBand (IB) clusters grow in size and scale, predicting the behavior of the IB network in terms of link usage and performance becomes an increasingly challenging task. There currently exists no open source tool that allows users to dynamically analyze and visualize the communication pattern and link usage in the IB network. In this context, we design and develop a scalable InfiniBand Network Analysis and Monitoring tool - INAM. INAM monitors IB clusters in real time and queries the various subnet management entities in the IB network to gather the various performance counters specified by the IB standard. We provide an easy to use web-based interface to visualize performance counters and subnet management attributes of a cluster in an on-demand basis. It is also capable of capturing the communication characteristics of a subset of links in the network. Our experimental results show that INAM is able to accurately visualize the link utilization as well as the communication pattern of target applications. C1 [Dandapanthula, N.; Subramoni, H.; Vienne, J.; Kandalla, K.; Sur, S.; Panda, Dhabaleswar K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dandapanthula, N (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM dandapan@cse.ohio-state.edu; subramon@cse.ohio-state.edu; viennej@cse.ohio-state.edu; kandalla@cse.ohio-state.edu; surs@cse.ohio-state.edu; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu; rbbrigh@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 166 EP 177 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100020 ER PT S AU Scott, SL Leangsuksun, C AF Scott, Stephen L. Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box) BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI Workshop on Resiliency in High Performance Computing (Resilience) in Clusters, Clouds, and Grids SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux C1 [Scott, Stephen L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Comp, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box)] Louisiana Tech Univ, Comp Sci, Ruston, LA USA. RP Scott, SL (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Comp, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 209 EP 209 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100024 ER PT S AU Riesen, R Ferreira, KB Varela, MR Taufer, M Rodrigues, A AF Riesen, Rolf Ferreira, Kurt B. Varela, Maria Ruiz Taufer, Michela Rodrigues, Arun BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI Simulating Application Resilience at Exascale SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux AB The reliability mechanisms for future exascale systems will be a key aspect of their scalability and performance. With the expected jump in hardware component counts, faults will become increasingly common compared to today's systems. Under these circumstances, the costs of current and emergent resilience methods need to be reevaluated. This includes the cost of recovery, which is often ignored in current work, and the impact of hardware features such as heterogeneous computing elements and non-volatile memory devices. We describe a simulation and modeling framework that enables the measurement of various resilience algorithms with varying application characteristics. For this framework we outline the simulator's requirements, its application communication pattern generators, and a few of the key hardware component models. C1 [Riesen, Rolf] IBM Res, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Ferreira, Kurt B.; Rodrigues, Arun] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Varela, Maria Ruiz; Taufer, Michela] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Ferreira, KB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rolf.riesen@ie.ibm.com; kbferre@sandia.gov; mruiz@udel.edu; taufer@cis.udel.edu; afrodri@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 221 EP 230 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100026 ER PT S AU Brandt, J Chen, F Gentile, A Leangsuksun, C Mayo, J Pebay, P Roe, D Taerat, N Thompson, D Wong, M AF Brandt, J. Chen, F. Gentile, A. Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box) Mayo, J. Pebay, P. Roe, D. Taerat, N. Thompson, D. Wong, M. BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI Framework for Enabling System Understanding SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE resilience; HPC; system monitoring AB Building the effective HPC resilience mechanisms required for viability of next generation supercomputers will require in depth understanding of system and component behaviors. Our goal is to build an integrated framework for high fidelity long term information storage, historic and run-time analysis, algorithmic and visual information exploration to enable system understanding, timely failure detection/prediction, and triggering of appropriate response to failure situations. Since it is unknown what information is relevant and since potentially relevant data may be expressed in a variety of forms (e.g., numeric, textual), this framework must provide capabilities to process different forms of data and also support the integration of new data, data sources, and analysis capabilities. Further, in order to ensure ease of use as capabilities and data sources expand, it must also provide interactivity between its elements. This paper describes our integration of the capabilities mentioned above into our OVIS tool. C1 [Brandt, J.; Chen, F.; Gentile, A.; Mayo, J.; Pebay, P.; Roe, D.; Thompson, D.; Wong, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box); Taerat, N.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. RP Brandt, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. EM brandt@sandia.gov; fxchen@sandia.gov; gentile@sandia.gov; box@latech.edu; jmayo@sandia.gov; pppebay@sandia.gov; dcroe@sandia.gov; nta008@latech.edu; dcthomp@sandia.gov; mhwong@sandia.gov OI Pebay, Philippe/0000-0002-2311-3775 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100027 ER PT S AU Bridges, PG Hoemmen, M Ferreira, KB Heroux, MA Soltero, P Brightwell, R AF Bridges, Patrick G. Hoemmen, Mark Ferreira, Kurt B. Heroux, Michael A. Soltero, Philip Brightwell, Ron BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI Cooperative Application/OS DRAM Fault Recovery SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE Fault Tolerance; DRAM Failure; Fault-Tolerant GMRES ID KRYLOV SUBSPACE METHODS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; GMRES AB Exascale systems will present considerable fault-tolerance challenges to applications and system software. These systems are expected to suffer several hard and soft errors per day. Unfortunately, many fault-tolerance methods in use, such as rollback recovery, are unsuitable for many expected errors, for example DRAM failures. As a result, applications will need to address these resilience challenges to more effectively utilize future systems. In this paper, we describe work on a cross-layer application / OS framework to handle uncorrected memory errors. We illustrate the use of this framework through its integration with a new fault-tolerant iterative solver within the Trilinos library, and present initial convergence results. C1 [Bridges, Patrick G.; Ferreira, Kurt B.; Soltero, Philip] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hoemmen, Mark; Ferreira, Kurt B.; Heroux, Michael A.; Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Bridges, PG (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bridges@cs.unm.edu; mhoemme@sandia.gov; kurt@cs.unm.edu; maherou@sandia.gov; psoltero@cs.unm.edu; rbbrigh@sandia.gov OI Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273 NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 241 EP 250 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100028 ER PT S AU Fiala, D Ferreira, KB Mueller, F Engelmann, C AF Fiala, David Ferreira, Kurt B. Mueller, Frank Engelmann, Christian BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI A Tunable, Software-Based DRAM Error Detection and Correction Library for HPC SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux AB Proposed exascale systems will present a number of considerable resiliency challenges. In particular, DRAM soft-errors, or bit-flips, are expected to greatly increase due to the increased memory density of these systems. Current hardware-based fault-tolerance methods will be unsuitable for addressing the expected soft error frequency rate. As a result, additional software will be needed to address this challenge. In this paper we introduce LIBSDC, a tunable, transparent silent data corruption detection and correction library for HPC applications. LIBSDC provides comprehensive SDC protection for program memory by implementing on-demand page integrity verification. Experimental benchmarks with Mantevo HPCCG show that once tuned, LIBSDC is able to achieve SDC protection with 50% overhead of resources, less than the 100% needed for double modular redundancy. C1 [Fiala, David; Mueller, Frank] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ferreira, Kurt B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Syst Software, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Engelmann, Christian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ferreira, KB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Syst Software, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM dfiala@ncsu.edu; kbferre@sandia.gov; fmuelle@ncsu.edu; engelmannc@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 251 EP 261 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100029 ER PT S AU DeBardeleben, N Blanchard, S Guan, Q Zhang, ZM Fu, S AF DeBardeleben, Nathan Blanchard, Sean Guan, Qiang Zhang, Ziming Fu, Song BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI Experimental Framework for Injecting Logic Errors in a Virtual Machine to Profile Applications for Soft Error Resilience SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE soft errors; resilience; fault tolerance; reliability; fault injection; virtual machines; high performance computing; supercomputing AB As the high performance computing (HPC) community continues to push for ever larger machines, reliability remains a serious obstacle. Further, as feature size and voltages decrease, the rate of transient soft errors is on the rise. HPC programmers of today have to deal with these faults to a small degree and it is expected this will only be a larger problem as systems continue to scale. In this paper we present SEFI, the Soft Error Fault Injection framework, a tool for profiling software for its susceptibility to soft errors. In particular, we focus in this paper on logic soft error injection. Using the open source virtual machine and processor emulator (QEMU), we demonstrate modifying emulated machine instructions to introduce soft errors. We conduct experiments by modifying the virtual machine itself in a way that does not require intimate knowledge of the tested application. With this technique, we show that we are able to inject simulated soft errors in the logic operations of a target application without affecting other applications or the operating system sharing the VM. We present some initial results and discuss where we think this work will be useful in next generation hardware/software co-design. C1 [DeBardeleben, Nathan; Blanchard, Sean; Guan, Qiang; Zhang, Ziming] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, High Performance Comp Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Guan, Qiang; Zhang, Ziming; Fu, Song] Univ N Texas, Dependable Comp Syst Lab, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP DeBardeleben, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, High Performance Comp Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ndebard@lanl.gov; seanb@lanl.gov; QiangGuan@my.unt.edu; ZimingZhang@my.unt.edu; Song.Fu@unt.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 282 EP 291 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100032 ER PT S AU Ibtesham, D Arnold, D Ferreira, KB Bridges, PG AF Ibtesham, Dewan Arnold, Dorian Ferreira, Kurt B. Bridges, Patrick G. BE Alexander, M DAmbra, P Belloum, A Bosilca, G Cannataro, M Danelutto, M DiMartino, B Gerndt, M Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J Scott, SL Traff, JL Vallee, G Weidendorfer, J TI On the Viability of Checkpoint Compression for Extreme Scale Fault Tolerance SO EURO-PAR 2011: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE Checkpoint data compression; extreme scale fault-tolerance; checkpoint/restart ID ROLLBACK-RECOVERY; SYSTEMS AB The increasing size and complexity of high performance computing systems have lead to major concerns over fault frequencies and the mechanisms necessary to tolerate these faults. Previous studies have shown that state-of-the-field checkpoint/restart mechanisms will not scale sufficiently for future generation systems. In this work, we explore the feasibility of checkpoint data compression to reduce checkpoint commit latency and storage overheads. Leveraging a simple model for checkpoint compression viability, we conclude that checkpoint data compression should be considered as a part of a scalable checkpoint/restart solution and discuss additional scenarios and improvements that may make checkpoint data compression even more viable. C1 [Ibtesham, Dewan; Arnold, Dorian; Bridges, Patrick G.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ferreira, Kurt B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ferreira, KB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dewan@cs.unm.edu; darnold@cs.unm.edu; kbferre@sandia.gov; bridges@cs.unm.edu NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-29740-3; 978-3-642-29739-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7156 BP 302 EP 311 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3SQ UT WOS:000371244100034 ER PT S AU Logan, J Klasky, S Abbasi, H Liu, Q Ostrouchov, G Parashar, M Podhorszki, N Tian, Y Wolf, M AF Logan, Jeremy Klasky, Scott Abbasi, Hasan Liu, Qing Ostrouchov, George Parashar, Manish Podhorszki, Norbert Tian, Yuan Wolf, Matthew BE Kaklamanis, C Papatheodorou, T Spirakis, PG TI Understanding I/O Performance Using I/O Skeletal Applications SO EURO-PAR 2012 PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Euro-Par Parallel Processing CY AUG 27-31, 2012 CL Rhodes Island, GREECE SP Comp Technol Inst & Press Diophantus AB We address the difficulty involved in obtaining meaningful measurements of I/O performance in HPC applications, as well as the further challenge of understanding the causes of I/O bottlenecks in these applications. The need for I/O optimization is critical given the difficulty in scaling I/O to ever increasing numbers of processing cores. To address this need, we have pioneered a new approach to the analysis of I/O performance using automatic generation of I/O benchmark codes given a high-level description of an application's I/O pattern. By combining this with low-level characterization of the performance of the various components of the underlying I/O method we are able to produce a complete picture of the I/O behavior of an application. We compare the performance measurements obtained using Skel, the tool that implements our approach, with those of an instrumented version of the original application to show that our approach is accurate. We demonstrate the use of Skel to compare the performance of several I/O methods. Finally we show that the detailed breakdown of timing information produced by Skel provides better understanding of the reasons for the performance differences between the examined I/O methods. We conclude that our approach facilitates faster, more accurate and more meaningful I/O performance testing, allowing application I/O performance to be predicted, and new systems and I/O methods to be evaluated. C1 [Logan, Jeremy; Klasky, Scott; Abbasi, Hasan; Liu, Qing; Ostrouchov, George; Podhorszki, Norbert; Wolf, Matthew] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Logan, Jeremy] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Parashar, Manish] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Tian, Yuan] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL USA. [Wolf, Matthew] Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Logan, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU National Center for Computational Sciences ( NCCS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC02- 05CH11231]; SciDAC Fusion Simulation Prototype ( FSP) Center for Plasma Edge Simulation ( CPES) via Department of Energy [DE- FG02- 06ER54857.]; National Science Foundation [1003228, 0906324] FX This work was supported in part by the National Center for Computational Sciences ( NCCS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Support was provided by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02- 05CH11231. Additional support was provided by the SciDAC Fusion Simulation Prototype ( FSP) Center for Plasma Edge Simulation ( CPES) via Department of Energy Grant No. DE- FG02- 06ER54857. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1003228. Support was also provided by the Remote Data Analysis and Visualization Center ( RDAV) through National Science Foundation Grant No. 0906324. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-32820-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7484 BP 77 EP 88 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB1NT UT WOS:000341235300010 ER PT S AU Ladd, JS Venkata, MG Graham, R Shamis, P AF Ladd, Joshua S. Venkata, Manjunath Gorentla Graham, Richard Shamis, Pavel BE Kaklamanis, C Papatheodorou, T Spirakis, PG TI Assessing the Performance and Scalability of a Novel Multilevel K-Nomial Allgatheron CORE-Direct Systems SO EURO-PAR 2012 PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Euro-Par Parallel Processing CY AUG 27-31, 2012 CL Rhodes Island, GREECE SP Comp Technol Inst & Press Diophantus DE Collectives; MPI; Allgather; CORE-Direct ID COMMUNICATION; NETWORKS; CLUSTERS AB In this paper, we propose a novel allgather algorithm, Reindexed Recursive K-ing (RRK), which leverages flexibility in the algorithm's tree topology and ability to make asynchronous progress coupled with Core-Direct communication offload capability to optimize the MPI_Allgather for Core-Direct enabled systems. In particular, the RRK introduces a reindexing scheme which ensures contiguous data transfers while adding only a single additional send and receive operation for any radix, k, or communicator size, N. This allows us to improve algorithm scalability by avoiding the use of a scatter/gather elements (SGE) list on InfiniBand networks. The implementations of the RRK algorithm and its evaluation shows that it performs and scales well on Core-Direct systems for a wide range of message sizes and various communicator configurations. C1 [Ladd, Joshua S.; Venkata, Manjunath Gorentla; Graham, Richard; Shamis, Pavel] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ladd, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, One Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM laddjs@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-32820-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7484 BP 538 EP 549 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB1NT UT WOS:000341235300053 ER PT S AU Aktulga, HM Yang, C Ng, EG Maris, P Vary, JP AF Aktulga, Hasan Metin Yang, Chao Ng, Esmond G. Maris, Pieter Vary, James P. BE Kaklamanis, C Papatheodorou, T Spirakis, PG TI Topology-Aware Mappings for Large-Scale Eigenvalue Problems SO EURO-PAR 2012 PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Euro-Par Parallel Processing CY AUG 27-31, 2012 CL Rhodes Island, GREECE SP Comp Technol Inst & Press Diophantus AB Obtaining highly accurate predictions for properties of light atomic nuclei using the Configuration Interaction (CI) approach requires computing the lowest eigenvalues and associated eigenvectors of a large many-body nuclear Hamiltonian matrix, (H) over cap. Since (H) over cap is a large sparse matrix, a parallel iterative eigensolver designed for multi-core clusters is used. Due to the extremely large size of (H) over cap, thousands of compute nodes are required. Communication overhead may hinder the scalability of the eigensolver at such scales. In this paper, we discuss how to reduce such overhead. In particular, we quantitatively show that topology-aware mapping of computational tasks to physical processors on large-scale multi-core clusters may have a significant impact on efficiency. For typical large-scale eigenvalue calculations, we obtain up to a factor of 2.5 improvement in overall performance by using a topology-aware mapping. C1 [Aktulga, Hasan Metin; Yang, Chao; Ng, Esmond G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Maris, Pieter; Vary, James P.] Lowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Aktulga, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU U. S. DOE [DE-FC02-09ER41582]; US NSF [0904782]; [DEFG02-87ER40371] FX This work was supported in part through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by the U. S. DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Office of Nuclear Physics, by U. S. DOE Grants DE-FC02-09ER41582 (SciDAC/ UNEDF) and DEFG02-87ER40371, and by the US NSF grant 0904782. Computational resources were provided by NERSC, which is supported by the U.S.DOE Office of Science. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-32820-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7484 BP 830 EP 842 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB1NT UT WOS:000341235300082 ER PT S AU Iverson, J Kamath, C Karypis, G AF Iverson, Jeremy Kamath, Chandrika Karypis, George BE Kaklamanis, C Papatheodorou, T Spirakis, PG TI Fast and Effective Lossy Compression Algorithms for Scientific Datasets SO EURO-PAR 2012 PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Euro-Par Parallel Processing CY AUG 27-31, 2012 CL Rhodes Island, GREECE SP Comp Technol Inst & Press Diophantus AB This paper focuses on developing effective and efficient algorithms for compressing scientific simulation data computed on structured and unstructured grids. A paradigm for lossy compression of this data is proposed in which the data computed on the grid is modeled as a graph, which gets decomposed into sets of vertices which satisfy a user defined error constraint epsilon. Each set of vertices is replaced by a constant value with reconstruction error bounded by epsilon. A comprehensive set of experiments is conducted by comparing these algorithms and other state-of-the-art scientific data compression methods. Over our benchmark suite, our methods obtained compression of 1% of the original size with average PSNR of 43.00 and 3% of the original size with average PSNR of 63.30. In addition, our schemes outperform other state-of-the-art lossy compression approaches and require on the average 25% of the space required by them for similar or better PSNR levels. C1 [Iverson, Jeremy; Karypis, George] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Kamath, Chandrika] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Iverson, J (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-32820-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7484 BP 843 EP 856 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB1NT UT WOS:000341235300083 ER PT S AU Anzt, H Luszczek, P Dongarra, J Heuveline, V AF Anzt, Hartwig Luszczek, Piotr Dongarra, Jack Heuveline, Vincent BE Kaklamanis, C Papatheodorou, T Spirakis, PG TI GPU-Accelerated Asynchronous Error Correction for Mixed Precision Iterative Refinement SO EURO-PAR 2012 PARALLEL PROCESSING SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Euro-Par Parallel Processing CY AUG 27-31, 2012 CL Rhodes Island, GREECE SP Comp Technol Inst & Press Diophantus DE mixed precision iterative refinement; block-asynchronous iteration; GPU; linear system; relaxation ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS AB In hardware-aware high performance computing, block-asynchronous iteration and mixed precision iterative refinement are two techniques that may be used to leverage the computing power of SIMD accelerators like GPUs in the iterative solution of linear equation systems. Although they use a very different approach for this purpose, they share the basic idea of compensating the convergence properties of an inferior numerical algorithm by a more efficient usage of the provided computing power. In this paper, we analyze the potential of combining both techniques. Therefore, we derive a mixed precision iterative refinement algorithm using a block-asynchronous iteration as an error correction solver, and compare its performance with a pure implementation of a block-asynchronous iteration and an iterative refinement method using double precision for the error correction solver. For matrices from the University of Florida Matrix collection, we report the convergence behaviour and provide the total solver runtime using different GPU architectures. C1 [Anzt, Hartwig; Heuveline, Vincent] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Luszczek, Piotr; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Anzt, H (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM hartwig.anzt@kit.edu; luszczek@eecs.utk.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu; vincent.heuveline@kit.edu NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-32820-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7484 BP 908 EP 919 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB1NT UT WOS:000341235300089 ER PT B AU Samtaney, R Zabusky, NJ AF Samtaney, R. Zabusky, N. J. BE Smits, AJ Lim, TT TI VISUALIZATION, FEATURE EXTRACTION, AND QUANTIFICATION OF NUMERICAL VISUALIZATIONS OF HIGH-GRADIENT COMPRESSIBLE FLOWS SO FLOW VISUALIZATION: TECHNIQUES AND EXAMPLES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VISIOMETRICS C1 [Samtaney, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Zabusky, N. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Lab Visiometr & Modeling, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Zabusky, N. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Caip, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Samtaney, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-1-84816-792-6; 978-1-84816-791-9 PY 2012 BP 339 EP 366 D2 10.1142/p808 PG 28 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BA7HC UT WOS:000337526500013 ER PT J AU Begemann, MB Mormile, MR Sitton, OC Wall, JD Elias, DA AF Begemann, Matthew B. Mormile, Melanie R. Sitton, Oliver C. Wall, Judy D. Elias, Dwayne A. TI A streamlined strategy for biohydrogen production with Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans, an alkaliphilic bacterium SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biohydrogen; extremophile; alkaliphile; biofuel AB Biofuels are anticipated to enable a shift from fossil fuels for renewable transportation and manufacturing fuels, with biohydrogen considered attractive since it could offer the largest reduction of global carbon budgets. Currently, lignocellulosic biohydrogen production remains inefficient with pretreatments that are heavily fossil fuel-dependent. However, bacteria using alkali-treated biomass could streamline biofuel production while reducing costs and fossil fuel needs. An alkaliphilic bacterium, Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans, is described that is capable of biohydrogen production at levels rivaling neutrophilic strains, but at pH 11 and hypersaline conditions. H. hydrogeniformans ferments a variety of 5- and 6-carbon sugars derived from hemicellulose and cellulose including cellobiose, and forms the end products hydrogen, acetate, and formate. Further, it can also produce biohydrogen from switchgrass and straw pretreated at temperatures far lower than any previously reported and in solutions compatible with growth. Hence, this bacterium can potentially increase the efficiency and efficacy of biohydrogen production from renewable biomass resources. C1 [Begemann, Matthew B.] Univ Wisconsin, Microbiol Doctoral Training Program, Madison, WI USA. [Mormile, Melanie R.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Rolla, MO USA. [Sitton, Oliver C.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rolla, MO USA. [Wall, Judy D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. [Elias, Dwayne A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elias, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 2008,Room 248 Bldg 1505,MS-6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM eliasda@ornl.gov RI Elias, Dwayne/B-5190-2011; OI Elias, Dwayne/0000-0002-4469-6391; Mormile, Melanie/0000-0001-9054-2687 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; University of Missouri Life Sciences Undergraduate Research Program FX We thank Cheryl Jensen and Randy Tindall at the University of Missouri EM Core Facility for their assistance with cell preparation and SEM microscopy, John Coutts (University of Missouri) for drying and screening of the straw and switchgrass, and Drs. Jim K. Fredrickson (PNNL) and Tommy Phelps (ORNL) for helpful suggestions. We also thank Professor Jean Euzeby for providing the epithet for H. hydrogeniformans. This work was made possible through support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and the University of Missouri Life Sciences Undergraduate Research Program. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 93 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00093 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600147 PM 22509174 ER PT J AU Bouskill, NJ Tang, J Riley, WJ Brodie, EL AF Bouskill, Nicholas J. Tang, Jinyun Riley, William J. Brodie, Eoin L. TI Trait-based representation of biological nitr fication: model development testing, and predicted community composition SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen cycle; models; biological; geochemistry; mathematical modeling; nitrification AB Trait-based microbial models show clear promise as tools to represent the diversity and activity of microorganisms across ecosystem gradients. These models parameterize specific traits that determine the relative fitness of an "organism" in a given environment, and represent the complexity of biological systems across temporal and spatial scales. In this study we introduce a microbial community trait-based modeling framework (MicroTrait) focused on nitrification (MicroTrait-N) that represents the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) using traits related to enzyme kinetics and physiological properties. We used this model to predict nalfier diversity, ammonia (NH3) oxidation rates, and nitrous oxide (N20) production across pH, temperature, and substrate gradients. Predicted nitrifier diversity was predominantly determined by temperature and substrate availability, the latter was strongly influenced by pH. The model predicted that transient N20 production rates are maximized by a decoupiing of the AOB and NOB communities, resulting in an accumulation and detoxification of nitrite to N20 by AOB. However, cumulative N20 production (over 6 month simulations) is maximized in a system where the relationship between AOB and NOB is maintained. When the reactions uncouple, the AOB become unstable and biomass declines rapidly, resulting in decreased NH3 oxidation and N20 production. We evaluated this model against site level chemical datasets from the interior of Alaska and accurately simulated NH3 oxidation rates and the relative ratio of AOA:A0B biomass. The predicted community structure and activity indicate (a) parameterization of a small number of traits may be sufficient to broadly characterize nitrifying community structure and (b) changing decadal trends in climate and edaphic conditions could impact nitrification rates in ways that are not captured by extant biogeochemical models. C1 [Bouskill, Nicholas J.; Brodie, Eoin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tang, Jinyun; Riley, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Climate Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bouskill, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM njbouskill@lbl.gov RI Tang, Jinyun/M-4922-2013; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Bouskill, Nick/G-2390-2015 OI Tang, Jinyun/0000-0002-4792-1259; Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH11231]; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science [DE-ACO2-05CH11231]; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program [DE-ACO2-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory provided by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05CH11231, and by the Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE Arctic) project, supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05CH11231.Part of this work was funded through the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program under contract number DE-ACO2-05CH11231. NR 102 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 56 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 364 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00364 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600366 PM 23087681 ER PT J AU Chakraborty, R Borglin, SE Dubinsky, EA Andersen, GL Hazen, TC AF Chakraborty, Romy Borglin, Sharon E. Dubinsky, Eric A. Andersen, Gary L. Hazen, Terry C. TI Microbial response to the MC-252 oil and Corexit 9500 in the Gulf of Mexico SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE MC-252; oil; biodegradation; Corexit 9500; hydrocarbon; dispersant; Gulf of Mexico AB The Deepwater Horizon spill released over 4.1 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. In an effort to mitigate large oil slicks, the dispersant Corexit 9500 was sprayed onto surface slicks and injected directly at the wellhead at water depth of 1,500 m. Several research groups were involved in investigating the fate of the MC-252 oil using newly advanced molecular tools to elucidate microbial interactions with oil, gases, and dispersant. Microbial community analysis by different research groups revealed that hydrocarbon degrading bacteria belonging to Oceanospirillales, Colwellia, Cycloclasticus, Rhodobacterales, Pseudoalteromonas, and methylotrophs were found enriched in the contaminated water column. Presented here is a comprehensive overview of the ecogenomics of microbial degradation of MC-252 oil and gases in the water column and shorelines. We also present some insight into the fate of the dispersant Corexit 9500 that was added to aid in oil dispersion process. Our results show the dispersant was not toxic to the indigenous microbes at concentrations added, and different bacterial species isolated in the aftermath of the spill were able to degrade the various components of Corexit 9500 that included hydrocarbons, glycols, and dioctyl sulfosuccinate. C1 [Chakraborty, Romy; Borglin, Sharon E.; Dubinsky, Eric A.; Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hazen, Terry C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Chakraborty, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, MS 70A-3317,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rchakraborty@lbl.gov RI Dubinsky, Eric/D-3787-2015; Chakraborty, Romy/D-9230-2015; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Dubinsky, Eric/0000-0002-9420-6661; Chakraborty, Romy/0000-0001-9326-554X; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 FU University of California at Berkeley, Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI), to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under its US. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank Jiawen Huang, Troy Hodges, and Darcie Long for their assistance in experiments with Corexit 9500. We would like to thank Yvette Piceno for critical reading of the manuscript. The research on dispersant was supported by a subcontract from the University of California at Berkeley, Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI), to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under its US. Department of Energy contract DE-ACO2-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 14 U2 72 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 357 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00357 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600359 PM 23087678 ER PT J AU Konopka, A Wilkins, MJ AF Konopka, Allan Wilkins, Michael J. TI Application of meta-transcriptomics and -proteomics to analysis of in situ physiological state SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE physiological indicators; marine habitats; subsurface sediments AB Analysis of the growth-limiting factor or environmental stressors affecting microbes in situ is of fundamental importance but analytically difficult. Microbes can reduce in situ limiting nutrient concentrations to sub-micromolar levels, and contaminated ecosystems may contain multiple stressors. The patterns of gene or protein expression by microbes in nature can be used to infer growth limitations, because they are regulated in response to environmental conditions. Experimental studies under controlled conditions in the laboratory provide the physiological underpinnings for developing these physiological indicators. Although regulatory networks may differ among specific microbes, there are some broad principles that can be applied, related to limiting nutrient acquisition, resource allocation, and stress responses. As technologies for transcriptomics and proteomics mature, the capacity to apply these approaches to complex microbial communities will accelerate. Global proteomics has the particular advantage that it reflects expressed catalytic activities. Furthermore, the high mass accuracy of some proteomic approaches allows mapping back to specific microbial strains. For example, at the Rifle IFRC field site in Western Colorado, the physiological status of Fe(III)-reducing populations has been tracked over time. Members of a "subsurface clade" within the Geobacter predominated during carbon amendment to the subsurface environment. At the functional level, proteomic identifications produced inferences regarding (i) temporal changes in anabolism and catabolism of acetate, (ii) the onset of N-2 fixation when N became limiting, and (iii) expression of phosphate transporters during periods of intense growth. The application of these approaches in situ can lead to discovery of novel physiological adaptations. C1 [Konopka, Allan; Wilkins, Michael J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Konopka, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN J4-18, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM allan.konopka@pnnl.gov RI Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Microbial Communities Initiative LDRD Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as part of Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program's Scientific Focus Area (SEA), and also by the Microbial Communities Initiative LDRD Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 184 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00184 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600234 PM 22783237 ER PT J AU Kozubal, MA Macur, RE Jay, ZJ Beam, JP Malfatti, SA Tringe, SG Kocar, BD Borch, T Inskeep, WP AF Kozubal, Mark A. Macur, Richard E. Jay, Zackary J. Beam, Jacob P. Malfatti, Stephanie A. Tringe, Susannah G. Kocar, Benjamin D. Borch, Thomas Inskeep, William P. TI Microbial iron cycling in acidic geothermal springs of Yellowstone National Park: integrating molecular surveys, geochennical processes, and isolation of novel Fe-active microorganisms SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron oxidation; iron reduction; ferric iron mat; geothermal archaea; Sulfolobales; exobiology; jarosite AB Geochemical, molecular, and physiological analyses of microbial isolates were combined to study the geomicrobiology of acidic iron oxide mats in Yellowstone National Park. Nineteen sampling locations from 11 geothermal springs were studied ranging in temperature from 53 to 88 C and pH 2.4 to 3.6. All iron oxide mats exhibited high diversity of crenarchaeal sequences from the Sulfolobales, Thermoproteales, and Desulfurococcales. The predominant Sulfolobales sequences were highly similar to Metallosphaera yellowstonensis str. MK1, previously isolated from one of these sites. Other groups of archaea were consistently associated with different types of iron oxide mats, including undescribed members of the phyla Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Bacterial sequences were dominated by relatives of Hydrogenobaculum spp. above 65-70 degrees C, but increased in diversity below 60 C. Cultivation of relevant iron-oxidizing and iron-reducing microbial isolates included Sulfolobus str. MK3, Sulfobacillus str. MK2, Acidicaldus str. MK6, and a new candidate genus in the Sulfolobales referred to as Sulfolobales str. MK5. Strains MK3 and MK5 are capable of oxidizing ferrous iron autotrophically, while strain MK2 oxidizes iron mixotrophically. Similar rates of iron oxidation were measured for M. yellowstonensis str. MK1 and Sulfolobales str. MK5. Biomineralized phases of ferric iron varied among cultures and field sites, and included ferric oxyhydroxides, K-jarosite, goethite, hematite, and scorodite depending on geochemical conditions. Strains MK5 and MK6 are capable of reducing ferric iron under anaerobic conditions with complex carbon sources. The combination of geochemical and molecular data as well as physiological observations of isolates suggests that the community structure of acidic Fe mats is linked with Fe cycling across temperatures ranging from 53 to 88 degrees C. C1 [Kozubal, Mark A.; Macur, Richard E.; Jay, Zackary J.; Beam, Jacob P.; Inskeep, William P.] Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Kozubal, Mark A.; Macur, Richard E.; Jay, Zackary J.; Beam, Jacob P.; Inskeep, William P.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Malfatti, Stephanie A.; Tringe, Susannah G.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Kocar, Benjamin D.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Stanford, CA USA. [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Inskeep, WP (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, POB 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM binskeep@montana.edu RI Borch, Thomas/A-2288-2008 OI Borch, Thomas/0000-0002-4251-1613 FU National Science Foundation Microbial Observatory Program [MCB-0132022]; National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) [NAG5-8807, NNG04GR46G]; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL); DOE-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [112443]; NSF IGERT Program [0654336]; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station [911300]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF CAREER Award [EAR 0847683] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Microbial Observatory Program (MCB-0132022), the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) via funds provided to the Thermal Biology Institute at Montana State University (Project Numbers NAG5-8807, NNG04GR46G), the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), the DOE-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Subcontract 112443), the NSF IGERT Program (0654336), and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station (Project 911300). The authors appreciate assistance from, S. Korf, W. P. Taylor, A. Nagy, and G. Ackerman for field work, geochemical analyses, sample collection, and 16S rRNA sequencing, and Drs. Scott Fendorf, S. Webb, and J. Bargar for assistance in collecting and analyzing Fe-edge XANES and EXAFS spectra at SSRL. The authors also appreciate C. Hendrix and T. Olliff for permitting this work in Yellowstone National Park (Permit YELL-2004-2007-SCI-5068). The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Thomas Borch was supported by a NSF CAREER Award (EAR 0847683). NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 26 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 109 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00109 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600161 PM 22470372 ER PT J AU Liu, J Wang, ZM Belchik, SM Edwards, MJ Liu, CX Kennedy, DW Merkley, ED Lipton, MS Butt, JN Richardson, DJ Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Rosso, KM Shi, L AF Liu, Juan Wang, Zheming Belchik, Sara M. Edwards, Marcus J. Liu, Chongxuan Kennedy, David W. Merkley, Eric D. Lipton, Mary S. Butt, Julea N. Richardson, David J. Zachara, John M. Fredrickson, James K. Rosso, Kevin M. Shi, Liang TI Identification and characterization of MtoA: a decaheme c-type cytochrome of the neutrophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1 SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1; extracellular Fe(II) oxidation; decaheme c-type cytochrome MtoA; pH-dependent; ligand complexation AB The Gram-negative bacterium Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1 (ES-1) grows on FeCO3 or FeS at oxic-anoxic interfaces at circumneutral pH, and the ES-1-mediated Fe(II) oxidation occurs extracellularly. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ES-1's ability to oxidize Fe(II) remain unknown. Survey of the ES-1 genome for candidate genes for microbial extracellular Fe(II) oxidation revealed that it contained a three-gene cluster encoding homologs of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1) MtrA, MtrB, and CymA that are involved in extracellular Fe(III) reduction. Homologs of MtrA and MtrB were also previously shown to be involved in extracellular Fe(II) oxidation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1. To distinguish them from those found in MR-1, the identified homologs were named MtoAB and CymA(ES-1). Cloned mtoA partially complemented an MR-1 mutant without MtrA with regards to ferrihydrite reduction. Characterization of purified MtoA showed that it was a decaheme c-type cytochrome and oxidized soluble Fe(ll). Oxidation of Fe(II) by MtoA was pH- and Fe(II)-complexing ligand-dependent. Under conditions tested, MtoA oxidized Fe(II) from pH 7 to pH 9 with the optimal rate at pH 9. MtoA oxidized Fe(II) complexed with different ligands at different rates. The reaction rates followed the order Fe(II)Cl-2 > Fe(II) citrate > Fe(II) NTA > Fe(II) EDTA with the second-order rate constants ranging from 6.3 x 10(-3) mu M-1 s(-1) for oxidation of Fe(II)Cl-2 to 1.0 x 10(-3) mu M-1 s(-1) for oxidation of Fe(II) EDTA. Thermodynamic modeling showed that redox reaction rates for the different Fe(II)-complexes correlated with their respective estimated reaction-free energies. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MtoA is a functional Fe(II)-oxidizing protein that, by working in concert with MtoB and CymA(ES-1), may oxidize Fe(II) at the bacterial surface and transfer released electrons across the bacterial cell envelope to the quinone pool in the inner membrane during extracellular Fe(II) oxidation by ES-1. C1 [Liu, Juan; Wang, Zheming; Belchik, Sara M.; Liu, Chongxuan; Kennedy, David W.; Merkley, Eric D.; Lipton, Mary S.; Zachara, John M.; Fredrickson, James K.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Shi, Liang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Edwards, Marcus J.; Butt, Julea N.; Richardson, David J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Ctr Mol & Struct Biochem, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Edwards, Marcus J.; Butt, Julea N.; Richardson, David J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Chem, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM liang.shi@pnnl.gov RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Liu, Juan/D-2273-2013; Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Liu, Juan/G-6035-2016; Butt, Julea/E-2133-2011; OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Butt, Julea/0000-0002-9624-5226; Merkley, Eric/0000-0002-5486-4723 FU Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program (SBR)/Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Battelle [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Scientific Focus Area FX This research was supported by the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research program (SBR)/Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and is a contribution of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Scientific Focus Area. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE-BER and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 41 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 40 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 37 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00037 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600091 PM 22347878 ER PT J AU Nuester, J Vogt, S Newville, M Kustka, AB Twining, BS AF Nuester, Jochen Vogt, Stefan Newville, Matthew Kustka, Adam B. Twining, Benjamin S. TI The unique biogeochemical signature of the marine diazotroph Trichodesmium SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extended redfield ratio; metallome; nitrogen fixation; vanadium; iron; nickel; zinc AB The elemental composition of phytoplankton can depart from canonical Redfield values under conditions of nutrient limitation or production (e.g., N fixation). Similarly, the trace metal metallome of phytoplankton may be expected to vary as a function of both ambient nutrient concentrations and the biochemical processes of the cell. Diazotrophs such as the colonial cyanobacteria Trichodesmium are likely to have unique metal signatures due to their cell physiology. We present metal (Fe, V, Zn, Ni, Mo, Mn, Cu, Cd) quotas for Trichodesmium collected from the Sargasso Sea which highlight the unique metallome of this organism. The element concentrations of bulk colonies and trichomes sections were analyzed by ICP-MS and synchrotron x-ray fluorescence, respectively. The cells were characterized by low P contents but enrichment in V, Fe, Mo, Ni, and Zn in comparison to other phytoplankton. Vanadium was the most abundant metal in Trichodesmium, and the V quota was up to fourfold higher than the corresponding Fe quota. The stoichiometry of 600C:101N:1P (mol mo1(-1)) reflects P-limiting conditions. Iron and V were enriched in contiguous cells of 10 and 50% of Trichodesmium trichomes, respectively. The distribution of Ni differed from other elements, with the highest concentration in the transverse walls between attached cells. We hypothesize that the enrichments of V, Fe, Mo, and Ni are linked to the biochemical requirements for N fixation either directly through enrichment in the N-fixing enzyme nitrogenase or indirectly by the expression of enzymes responsible for the removal of reactive oxygen species. Unintentional uptake of V via P pathways may also be occurring. Overall, the cellular content of trace metals and macronutrients differs significantly from the (extended) Redfield ratio. The Trichodesmium metallome is an example of how physiology and environmental conditions can cause significant deviations from the idealized stoichiometry. C1 [Nuester, Jochen; Twining, Benjamin S.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. [Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Newville, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Source, Argonne, IL USA. [Kustka, Adam B.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Nuester, J (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, 60 Bigelow Dr,POB 380, East Boothbay, ME 04544 USA. EM jnuester@bigelow.org RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Twining, Benjamin/0000-0002-1365-9192 FU National Science Foundation to BST [OCE 0913080, OCE 0928289, OCE 1061545]; U.S. DOE [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to the captain and crew of the R/V Atlantic Explorer and the staff of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series at Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences for enabling sample collection during cruise B-261. ICP-MS analyses were assisted by Mike Handley at the Orono campus of the University of Maine. CHN analyses were performed by Kathleen Thornton at the Darling Marine Center of the University of Maine. Conor Maginn and Sara Rauschenberg helped with SXRF analyses of Trichodesmium samples at the Advanced Photon Source. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to BST (OCE 0913080, OCE 0928289, and OCE 1061545). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. NR 86 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 25 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 150 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00150 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600200 PM 22557997 ER PT J AU Pattanaik, B Whitaker, MJ Montgomery, BL AF Pattanaik, Bagmi Whitaker, Melissa J. Montgomery, Beronda L. TI Light quantity affects the regulation of cell shape in Fremyella diplosiphon SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complementary chromatic adaptation; cyanobacteria; light intensity; light quality; motphology; photobiology AB In some cyanobacteria, the color or prevalent wavelengths of ambient light can impact the protein or pigment composition of the light-harvesting complexes. In some cases, light color or quality impacts cellular morphology. The significance of changes in pigmentation is associated strongly with optimizing light absorption for photosynthesis, whereas the significance of changes in light quality-dependent cellular morphology is less well understood. In natural aquatic environments, light quality and intensity change simultaneously at varying depths of the water column. Thus, we hypothesize that changes in morphology that also have been attributed to differences in the prevalent wavelengths of available light may largely be associated with changes in light intensity. Fremyella diplosiphon shows highly reproducible light-dependent changes in pigmentation and morphology. Under red light (RL), F diplosiphon cells are blue-green in color, due to the accumulation of high levels of phycocyanin, a RL-absorbing pigment in the light-harvesting complexes or phycobilisomes (PBSs), and the shape of cells are short and rounded. Conversely, under green light (GL), F diplosiphon cells are red in color due to accumulation of GL-absorbing phycoerythrin in PBSs, and are longer and brick-shaped. GL is enriched at lower depths in the water column, where overall levels of light also are reduced, i.e., to 10% or less of the intensity found at the water surface. We hypothesize that longer cells under low light intensities at increasing depths in the water column, which are generally also enriched in green wavelengths, are associated with greater levels of total photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid membranes. To test this hypothesis, we grew F diplosiphon under increasing intensities of GL and observed whether the length of cells diminished due to reduced pressure to maintain larger cells and the associated increased photosynthetic membrane capacity under high light intensity, independent of whether it is light of green wavelengths. C1 [Pattanaik, Bagmi; Whitaker, Melissa J.; Montgomery, Beronda L.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Montgomery, Beronda L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Montgomery, BL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, 612 Wilson Rd,Room 106, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM montg133@msu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science) [DE-FG02-91ER20021]; National Science Foundation [MCB-0643516] FX We thank Marco Agostoni for critically reading and commenting on the manuscript and Dr. Shailendra Singh for imaging of cells for the reversal experiments. Bagmi Pattanaik and Melissa Whitaker were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, grant no. DE-FG02-91ER20021 to Beronda L. Montgomery) and participation by Beronda Montgomery by a CAREER award from the National Science Foundation (grant no. MCB-0643516 to Beronda L. Montgomery). NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 170 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00170 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600220 PM 22586424 ER PT J AU Shi, L Rosso, KM Clarke, TA Richardson, DJ Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK AF Shi, Liang Rosso, Kevin M. Clarke, Tomas A. Richardson, David J. Zachara, John M. Fredrickson, James K. TI Molecular underpinnings of Fe(III) oxide reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE dissimilatory Fe(III) oxide reduction; Shewanella oneidensis MR-1; extracellular electron transfer pathway; c-type cytochromes with multiple hemes; molecular biology AB In the absence of O-2 and other electron acceptors, the Gram-negative bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can use ferric [Fe(III)] (oxy)(hydr)oxide minerals as the terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. At circumneutral pH and in the absence of strong complexing ligands, Fe(III) oxides are relatively insoluble and thus are external to the bacterial cells. S. oneidensis MR-1 and related strains of metal-reducing Shewanella have evolved machinery (i.e., metal-reducing or Mtr pathway) for transferring electrons from the inner-membrane, through the periplasm and across the outer-membrane to the surface of extracellular Fe(III) oxides. The protein components identified to date for the Mtr pathway include CymA, MtrA, MtrB, MtrC, and OmcA. CymA is an inner-membrane tetraheme c-type cytochrome (c-Cyt) that belongs to the NapC/NrfH family of quinol dehydrogenases. It is proposed that CymA oxidizes the quinol in the inner-membrane and transfers the released electrons to MtrA either directly or indirectly through other periplasmic proteins. A decaheme c-Cyt, MtrA is thought to be embedded in the trans outer-membrane and porin-like protein MtrB. Together, MtrAB deliver the electrons through the outer-membrane to the MtrC and OmcA on the outmost bacterial surface. MtrC and OmcA are the outer-membrane decaheme c-Cyts that are translocated across the outer-membrane by the bacterial type II secretion system. Functioning as terminal reductases, MtrC and OmcA can bind the surface of Fe(III) oxides and transfer electrons directly to these minerals via their solvent-exposed hemes. To increase their reaction rates, MtrC and OmcA can use the flavins secreted by S. oneidensis MR-1 cells as diffusible co-factors for reduction of Fe(III) oxides. Because of their extracellular location and broad redox potentials, MtrC and OmcA can also serve as the terminal reductases for soluble forms of Fe(III). In addition to Fe(III) oxides, Mtr pathway is also involved in reduction of manganese oxides and other metals. Although our understanding of the Mtr pathway is still far from complete, it is the best characterized microbial pathway used for extracellular electron exchange. Characterizations of the Mtr pathway have made significant contributions to the molecular understanding of microbial reduction of Fe(III) oxides. C1 [Shi, Liang; Rosso, Kevin M.; Zachara, John M.; Fredrickson, James K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Clarke, Tomas A.; Richardson, David J.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM liang.shi@pnnl.gov RI clarke, tom/D-1837-2009 OI clarke, tom/0000-0002-6234-1914 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Science's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program (SBR); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Science's Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program (SBR) for its support under the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory SBR Scientific Focus Area. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 87 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 9 U2 87 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 50 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00050 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600104 PM 22363328 ER PT J AU Techtmann, SM Lebedinsky, AV Colman, AS Sokolova, TG Woyke, T Goodwin, L Robb, FT AF Techtmann, Stephen M. Lebedinsky, Alexander V. Colman, Albert S. Sokolova, Tatyana G. Woyke, Tanja Goodwin, Lynne Robb, Frank T. TI Evidence for horizontal gene transfer of anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenases SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; thermophiles; hydrogenogens; carboxydotrophs; Thermosinus carboxydivorans; Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans; carbon monoxide dehydrogenase AB Carbon monoxide (CO) is commonly known as a toxic gas, yet both cultivation studies and emerging genome sequences of bacteria and archaea establish that CO is a widely utilized microbial growth substrate. In this study, we determined the prevalence of anaerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenases ([Ni,Fe]-CODHs) in currently available genomic sequence databases. Currently, 185 out of 2887, or 6% of sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes possess at least one gene encoding [Ni,Fe]-CODH, the key enzyme for anaerobic CO utilization. Many genomes encode multiple copies of [Ni,Fe]-CODH genes whose functions and regulation are correlated with their associated gene clusters. The phylogenetic analysis of this extended protein family revealed six distinct clades; many clades consisted of [Ni,Fe]-CODHs that were encoded by microbes from disparate phylogenetic lineages, based on 16S rRNA sequences, and widely ranging physiology. To more clearly define if the branching patterns observed in the [Ni,Fe]-CODH trees are due to functional conservation vs. evolutionary lineage, the genomic context of the [Ni,Fe]-CODH gene clusters was examined, and superimposed on the phylogenetic trees. On the whole, there was a correlation between genomic contexts and the tree topology, but several functionally similar [Ni,Fe]-CODHs were found in different clades. In addition, some distantly related organisms have similar [Ni,Fe]-CODH genes. Thermosinus carboxydivorans was used to observe horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of [Ni,Fe]-CODH gene clusters by applying Kullback-Leibler divergence analysis methods. Divergent tetranucleotide frequency and codon usage showed that the gene cluster of T carboxydivorans that encodes a [Ni,Fe]-CODH and an energy-converting hydrogenase is dissimilar to its whole genome but is similar to the genome of the phylogenetically distant Firmicute, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans. These results imply that T carboxydivorans acquired this gene cluster via HGT from a relative of C. hydrogenoformans. C1 [Techtmann, Stephen M.; Robb, Frank T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Techtmann, Stephen M.; Robb, Frank T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Lebedinsky, Alexander V.; Sokolova, Tatyana G.] Russian Acad Sci, Winogradsky Inst Microbiol, Moscow, Russia. [Colman, Albert S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Woyke, Tanja; Goodwin, Lynne] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Robb, FT (reprint author), Inst Marine & Environm Technol, 701 East Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM frobb@som.umaryland.edu OI Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-04-01723-a]; program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Molecular and Cell Biology."; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by the US National Science Foundation through award numbers EAR 0747394 (Frank T. Robb), EAR 0747412 (Albert S. Colman), and MCB 0605301 (Frank T. Robb and Albert S. Colman). The work of Alexander V. Lebedinsky and Tatyana G. Sokolova has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project number 11-04-01723-a), federal targeted program for 2009-2013 "Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel of Innovative Russia" (GK number P646), and the program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Molecular and Cell Biology." The sequencing work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are indebted to our reviewers for helpful comments on phylogenetic methods. This is Contribution 11-230 from the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 132 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00132 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600184 PM 22529840 ER PT J AU Yeager, CM Kuske, CR Carney, TD Johnson, SL Ticknor, LO Belnap, J AF Yeager, Chris M. Kuske, Cheryl R. Carney, Travis D. Johnson, Shannon L. Ticknor, Lawrence O. Belnap, Jayne TI Response of biological soil crust diazotrophs to season, altered summer precipitation, and year-round increased temperature in an arid grassland of the Colorado Plateau, USA SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological soil crust; nifH; cyanobacteria; climate change; semi-arid; altered precipitation; nitrogen fixation; Scytonema AB Biological soil crusts (biocrusts), which supply significant amounts of fixed nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems worldwide (-33Tg y-1), are likely to respond to changes in temperature and precipitation associated with climate change. Using nifH gene-based surveys, we explored variation in the diazotrophic community of biocrusts of the Colorado Plateau, USA in response to season (autumn vs. spring), as well as field manipulations that increased the frequency of small volume precipitation events and year-round soil temperature. Abundance of nifH genes in biocrusts ranged from 3 x 106 to 1 x 108 g-1 soil, and nifH from heterocystous cyanobacteria closely related to Scytonema hyalinum, Spirirestis rafaelensis, and Nostoc commune comprised >98% of the total. Although there was no apparent seasonal effect on total nifH gene abundance in the biocrusts, T-RFLP analysis revealed a strong seasonal pattern in nifH composition. Spirirestis nifH abundance was estimated to oscillate 1 to >2 orders of magnitude between autumn (low) and spring (high). A yearround increase of soil temperature (2-3 C) had little effect on the diazotroph community structure over 2 years. Altered summer precipitation had little impact on diazotroph community structure over the first 1.5 years of the study, when natural background patterns across years and seasons superseded any treatment effects. However, after the second summer of treatments, nifH abundance was 2.6-fold lower in biocrusts receiving altered precipitation. Heterocystous cyanobacteria were apparently more resilient to altered precipitation than other cyanobacteria. The results demonstrate that diazotrophic community composition of biocrusts in this semi-arid grassland undergoes strong seasonal shifts and that the abundance of its dominant members decreased in response to more frequent, small volume precipitation events. C1 [Yeager, Chris M.; Kuske, Cheryl R.; Carney, Travis D.; Johnson, Shannon L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biochem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ticknor, Lawrence O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Southwest Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. RP Yeager, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biochem, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cyeager@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Shannon/0000-0002-3972-9208 FU US Department of Energy, Biological, and Environmental Research Office [2005LANLE660, ER64550-10314940014103]; U.S. Geological Survey FX The US Department of Energy, Biological, and Environmental Research Office (through grants to Cheryl R. Kuske (2005LANLE660) and Jayne Belnap [ER64550-10314940014103]) and the U.S. Geological Survey supported this research. The authors thank the DOE Joint Genome Institute for Sanger sequencing of Mill gene clone libraries. We also thank La Verne Gallegos-Graves, Rachel Wise, Shannon Silva, Amanda Turner, Ed Grote, and David Housman for excellent technical support, and Sasha Reed and Blair Stevens for helpful discussions and critical reviews of the manuscript. Any use of trade names is only for descriptive purposes and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 38 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 358 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00358 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DF UT WOS:000208863600360 PM 23087679 ER PT J AU Biegon, A Alia-Klein, N Fowler, JS AF Biegon, Anat Alia-Klein, Nelly Fowler, Joanna S. TI Potential contribution of aromatase inhibition to the effects of nicotine and related compounds on the brain SO FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE smoking; sex; CYP19; extragonadal estrogen; amygdala; PET imaging; vorozole AB Cigarette smoking continues to be a major public health problem, and while smoking rates in men have shown some decrease over the last few decades, smoking rates among girls and young women are increasing. Practically all of the important aspects of cigarette smoking and many effects of nicotine are sexually dimorphic (reviewed by Pogun and Yararbas, 2009). Women become addicted more easily than men, while finding it harder to quit. Nicotine replacement appears to be less effective in women. This may be linked to the observation that women are more sensitive than men to non-nicotine cues or ingredients in cigarettes. The reasons for these sex differences are mostly unknown. Several lines of evidence suggest that many of the reported sex differences related to cigarette smoking may stem from the inhibitory effects of nicotine and other tobacco alkaloids on estrogen synthesis via the enzyme aromatase (cyp19a gene product). Aromatase is the last enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, catalyzing the conversion of androgens to estrogens. This review provides a summary of experimental evidence supporting brain aromatase as a potential mediator and/or modulator of nicotine actions in the brain, contributing to sex differences in smoking behavior. Additional research on the interaction between tobacco smoke, nicotine, and aromatase may help devise new, sex specific methods for prevention and treatment of smoking addiction. C1 [Biegon, Anat; Alia-Klein, Nelly; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Biegon, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 490 Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM biegon@bnl.gov NR 133 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1663-9812 J9 FRONT PHARMACOL JI Front. Pharmacol. PY 2012 VL 3 AR UNSP 185 DI 10.3389/fphar.2012.00185 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA V35XE UT WOS:000209177700178 PM 23133418 ER PT J AU Chen, J Lalonde, S Obrdlik, P Vatani, AN Parsa, SA Vilarino, C Revuelta, JL Frommer, WB Rhee, SY AF Chen, Jin Lalonde, Sylvie Obrdlik, Petr Vatani, Azam Noorani Parsa, Saman A. Vilarino, Cristina Luis Revuelta, Jose Frommer, Wolf B. Rhee, Seung Y. TI Uncovering Arabidopsis membrane protein interactome enriched in transporters using mating-based split ubiquitin assays and classification models SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; protein-protein interaction; membrane; transporter; split ubiquitin system; classification AB High-throughput data are a double-edged sword; for the benefit of large amount of data, there is an associated cost of noise. To increase reliability and scalability of high-throughput protein interaction data generation, we tested the efficacy of classification to enrich potential protein protein interactions. We applied this method to identify interactions among Arabidopsis membrane proteins enriched in transporters. We validated our method with multiple retests. Classification improved the quality of the ensuing interaction network and was effective in reducing the search space and increasing true positive rate. The final network of 541 interactions among 239 proteins (of which 179 are transporters) is the first protein interaction network enriched in membrane transporters reported for any organism. This network has similar topological attributes to other published protein interaction networks. It also extends and fills gaps in currently available biological networks in plants and allows building a number of hypotheses about processes and mechanisms involving signal-transduction and transport systems. C1 [Chen, Jin; Lalonde, Sylvie; Vatani, Azam Noorani; Parsa, Saman A.; Frommer, Wolf B.; Rhee, Seung Y.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chen, Jin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Obrdlik, Petr] IonGate Biosci GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany. [Vilarino, Cristina; Luis Revuelta, Jose] Univ Salamanca, CSIC, Inst Biol Func & Genom, Dept Genet & Microbiol, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, 612 Wilson Rd, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jinchen@msu.edu; rhee@acoma.stanford.edu RI Frommer, Wolf B/A-8256-2008; Revuelta, Jose/C-2324-2012 OI Revuelta, Jose/0000-0001-7838-5308 FU Junta de Castilla y Leon [GR147]; Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovacion [BIO2008-00194]; National Science Foundation [Arabidopsis2010-0618402, MCB-1052348] FX We are grateful to Sylvain Brohee, Jacques van Helden, and Noah Whitman for their contributions toward initial statistical analysis of the first mbSUS assays. We also thank Brandon Zoeckler for participating in the curation of protein interactions from the literature. This work was supported in part by grants from Junta de Castilla y Leon (GR147) and Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovacion (BIO2008-00194) to Jose Luis Revuelta and grants from the National Science Foundation (Arabidopsis2010-0618402 and MCB-1052348) to Seung Y. Rhee and Wolf B. Frommer. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 124 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00124 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900124 PM 22737156 ER PT J AU Craine, JM Engelbrecht, BMJ Lusk, CH McDowell, NG Poorter, H AF Craine, Joseph M. Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J. Lusk, Christopher H. McDowell, Nate G. Poorter, Hendrik TI Resource limitation, tolerance, and the future of ecological plant classification SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE plant functional traits; low resource tolerance; resource stress; shade; drought; nutrients AB Throughout the evolutionary history of plants, drought, shade, and scarcity of nutrients have structured ecosystems and communities globally. Humans have begun to drastically alter the prevalence of these environmental factors with untold consequences for plant communities and ecosystems worldwide. Given limitations in using organ-level traits to predict ecological performance of species, recent advances using tolerances of low resource availability as plant functional traits are revealing the often hidden roles these factors have in structuring communities and are becoming central to classifying plants ecologically. For example, measuring the physiological drought tolerance of plants has increased the predictability of differences among species in their ability to survive drought as well as the distribution of species within and among ecosystems. Quantifying the shade tolerance of species has improved our understanding of local and regional species diversity and how species have sorted within and among regions. As the stresses on ecosystems continue to shift, coordinated studies of whole-plant growth centered on tolerance of low resource availability will be central in predicting future ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. This will require efforts that quantify tolerances for large numbers of species and develop bioinformatic and other techniques for comparing large number of species. C1 [Craine, Joseph M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, Bayreuth, Germany. [Engelbrecht, Bettina M. J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Lusk, Christopher H.] Univ Waikato, Dept Biol Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Poorter, Hendrik] Forschungszentrum Julich, IBG Plant Sci 2, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Craine, JM (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jcraine@ksu.edu RI Craine, Joseph/D-4569-2009; Poorter, Hendrik/B-8062-2010 OI Craine, Joseph/0000-0001-6561-3244; Poorter, Hendrik/0000-0001-9900-2433 FU ARC [DP1094606]; DOE Office of Science (BER), LANL-LDRD FX Sabrina Russo, Lourens Poorter, Bill Tee, Jeff Dukes, Jennifer Baltzer, Lizzie Wolkovich, Peter Reich, and two anonymous reviewers all provided helpful discussion or comments, Christopher H. Lusk was supported by ARC Discovery grant DP1094606, Nate G. McDowell was supported by DOE Office of Science (BER), LANL-LDRD. NR 84 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 41 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 246 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00246 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900242 PM 23115561 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, O Glasser, C Chen, JG Mayer, KFX Grimm, B AF Czarnecki, Olaf Glaesser, Christine Chen, Jin-Gui Mayer, Klaus F. X. Grimm, Bernhard TI Evidence for a contribution of ALA synthesis to plastid-to-nucleus signaling SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALA synthesis; retrograde signaling; gabaculine; gun mutants; microarray analysis AB The formation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is widely controlled by environmental and metabolic feedback cues that determine the influx into the entire metabolic path. Because of its central role as the rate-limiting step, we hypothesized a potential role of ALA biosynthesis in tetrapyrrole-mediated retrograde signaling and exploited the direct impact of ALA biosynthesis on nuclear gene expression (NGE) by using two different approaches. Firstly, the Arabidopsis gun 1, hy1 (gun2), hy2 (gun3), gun4 mutants showing uncoupled NGE from the physiological state of chloroplasts were thoroughly examined for regulatory modifications of ALA synthesis and transcriptional control in the nucleus. We found that reduced ALA-synthesizing capacity is common to analyzed gun mutants. Inhibition of ALA synthesis by gabaculine (GAB) that inactivates glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase and ALA feeding of wild-type and mutant seedlings corroborate the expression data of gun mutants. Transcript level of photosynthetic marker genes were enhanced in norflurazon (NF)-treated seedlings upon additional GAB treatment, while enhanced ALA amounts diminish these RNA levels in NF-treated wild-type in comparison to the solely NF-treated seedlings. Secondly, the impact of posttranslationally down-regulated ALA synthesis on NGE was investigated by global transcriptome analysis of GAB-treated Arabidopsis seedlings and the gun4-1 mutant, which is also characterized by reduced ALA formation. A common set of significantly modulated genes was identified indicating ALA synthesis as a potential signal emitter. The over-represented gene ontology categories of genes with decreased or increased transcript abundance highlight a few biological processes and cellular functions, which are remarkably affected in response to plastid-localized ALA biosynthesis. These results support the hypothesis that ALA biosynthesis correlates with retrograde signaling-mediated control of NGE. C1 [Czarnecki, Olaf; Grimm, Bernhard] Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol, Dept Plant Physiol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Czarnecki, Olaf; Chen, Jin-Gui] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Glaesser, Christine; Mayer, Klaus F. X.] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Inst Bioinformat & Syst Biol, Neuherberg, Germany. RP Grimm, B (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol, Dept Plant Physiol, Philippstr 13,Bldg 12, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. EM bernhard.grimm@biologie.hu-berlin.de RI Czarnecki, Olaf/C-6534-2012; Chen, Jin-Gui/A-4773-2011; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015 OI Chen, Jin-Gui/0000-0002-1752-4201; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FOR 804]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science for the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors are grateful for financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR 804 to Klaus F. X. Mayer and Bernhard Grimm) This work was also supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science for the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The authors thank Georg Haberer for helpful discussion of microarray data and Colleen M. Iversen for a critical reading of the manuscript. The hy1 and hy2 mutants were kindly provided by Alison G. Smith (University of Cambridge, UK), the gun1-1 mutant by Thomas Pfannschmidt (Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany), and the gun 4-1 mutant by Joanne Chory (Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA). NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 236 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00236 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900232 PM 23112801 ER PT J AU De Michele, R Loque, D Lalonde, S Frommer, WB AF De Michele, Roberto Loque, Dominique Lalonde, Sylvie Frommer, Wolf B. TI Ammonium and urea transporter inventory of the Selaginella and Physcomitrella genomes SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Selaginella; Physcomitrella; ammonium; urea; transporter; uptake AB Ammonium and urea are important nitrogen sources for autotrophic organisms. Plant genomes encode several families of specific transporters for these molecules, plus other uptake mechanisms such as aquaporins and ABC transporters. Selaginella and Physcomitrella are representatives of lycophytes and bryophytes, respectively, and the recent completion of their genome sequences provided us with an opportunity for comparative genome studies, with special emphasis on the adaptive processes that accompanied the conquest of dry land and the evolution of a vascular system. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that the number of genes encoding urea transporters underwent a progressive reduction during evolution, eventually down to a single copy in vascular plants. Conversely, no clear evolutionary pattern was found for ammonium transporters, and their number and distribution in families varies between species. In particular Selaginella, similar to rice, favors the AMT2/MEP family of ammonium transporters over the plant-specific AMT1 type. In comparison, Physcomitrella presents several members belonging to both families. C1 [De Michele, Roberto; Lalonde, Sylvie; Frommer, Wolf B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [De Michele, Roberto] CNR, Plant Genet Inst, Palermo, Italy. [Loque, Dominique] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Frommer, WB (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM wfrommer@carnegiescience.edu RI Frommer, Wolf B/A-8256-2008; Loque, Dominique/A-8153-2008; OI De Michele, Roberto/0000-0002-8987-6599 FU National Science Foundation [MCB-1021677] FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (MCB-1021677) to Wolf B. Frommer. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 62 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00062 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900063 PM 22639655 ER PT J AU Hansen, SF Harholt, J Oikawa, A Scheller, HV AF Hansen, Sara Fasmer Harholt, Jesper Oikawa, Ai Scheller, Henrik V. TI Plant glycosyltransferases beyond CAZy: a perspective on DUF families SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE cell walls; DUF23; DUF246; DUF266; glycosyltransferases AB The carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy) database is an invaluable resource for glycobiology and currently contains 45 glycosyltransferase families that are represented in plants. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) have many functions in plants, but the majority are likely to be involved in biosynthesis of polysaccharides and glycoproteins in the plant cell wall. Bioinformatic approaches and structural modeling suggest that a number of protein families in plants include GTs that have not yet been identified as such and are therefore not included in CAZy. These families include proteins with domain of unknown function (DUE) DUF23, DUF246, and DUF266. The evidence for these proteins being GTs and their possible roles in cell wall biosynthesis is discussed. C1 [Hansen, Sara Fasmer; Oikawa, Ai; Scheller, Henrik V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Feedstocks Div,Joint Bioenergy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harholt, Jesper] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Scheller, Henrik V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scheller, HV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Feedstocks Div, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM hscheller@lbl.gov RI Harholt, Jesper/F-6865-2014; Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008 OI Harholt, Jesper/0000-0002-7984-0066; Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Carlsberg Foundation [2009_01_0346, 2010_01_0509]; Villum-Kann Rasmussen grant; Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences [274-09-0314] FX We thank the Pfam group (pfam-help@sanger.ac.uk) for retrieving the datasets of DUF266 and DUF246. This work was funded. by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Sara Fasmer Hansen was supported by a fellowship from The Carlsberg Foundation though contract 2009_01_0346 and 2010_01_0509. Jesper Harholt was funded by a Villum-Kann Rasmussen grant to the Pro-Active Plant Centre and The Danish Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences, through contract 274-09-0314. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 19 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 59 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00059 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900060 PM 22629278 ER PT J AU Kim, SJ Brandizzi, F AF Kim, Sang-Jin Brandizzi, Federica TI News and views into the SNARE complexity in Arabidopsis SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis; SNARE; vesicle trafficking; membrane fusion AB Secretory organelles are engaged in a continuous flux of membranes, which is believed to occur mostly via transport vesicles. Being critical in maintaining several cellular functions, transport vesicles are membrane-enclosed sacs that temporarily store and then deliver membrane lipids, protein, and polysaccharides. SNAREs have a crucial role in vesicle traffic by driving membrane fusion and conferring fidelity through the formation of specific SNARE complexes. Additionally, specific roles of SNAREs in growth and development implicate that they are versatile components for the life of a plant. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the understanding of the role of SNAREs and highlight some of the questions that are still unsolved. C1 [Kim, Sang-Jin; Brandizzi, Federica] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kim, Sang-Jin; Brandizzi, Federica] Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandizzi, Federica] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Brandizzi, F (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM fb@msu.edu FU Great Lake Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work is supported by the Great Lake Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) under the grant (DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 28 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00028 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900029 PM 23018380 ER PT J AU Liepman, AH Cavalier, DM AF Liepman, Aaron H. Cavalier, David M. TI The CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE A and CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE C families: recent advances and future perspectives SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE; mannan; xyloglucan; CSLA; CSLC; plant cell wall AB The CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) superfamily of proteins contains several sub-families of closely related CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE (CSL) sequences. Among these, the CSLA and CSLC families are closely related to each other and are the most evolutionarily divergent from the CESA family. Significant progress has been made with the functional characterization of CSLA and CSLC genes, which have been shown to encode enzymes with 1,4-beta-glycan synthase activities involved in the biosynthesis of mannan and possibly xyloglucan backbones, respectively. This review examines recent work on the CSLA and CSLC families from evolutionary, molecular, and biochemical perspectives. We pose a series of questions, whose answers likely will provide further insight about the specific functions of members of the CSLA and CSLC families and about plant polysaccharide biosynthesis is general. C1 [Liepman, Aaron H.] Eastern Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 USA. [Cavalier, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48826 USA. RP Cavalier, DM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, 612 Wilson Rd,Room 110 Plant Biol Labs, E Lansing, MI 48826 USA. EM cavalie8@msu.edu FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX The authors wish to acknowledge those authors whose studies we were unable to discuss due to space constraints, and reviewers of this manuscript for their suggestions and constructive criticism. Aaron H. Liepman thanks Gregg Sobocinski (Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan) for assistance with confocal imaging. This work was funded, in part, by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 76 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 34 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 109 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00109 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900110 PM 22654891 ER PT J AU Ruiz-May, E Kim, SJ Brandizzi, F Rose, JKC AF Ruiz-May, Eliel Kim, Sang-Jin Brandizzi, Federica Rose, Jocelyn K. C. TI The secreted plant N-glycoproteome and associated secretory pathways SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE glycoprotein; glycoproteome; secretory pathway; N-glycan; protein sorting AB N-Glycosylation is a common form of eukaryotic protein post-translational modification, and one that is particularly prevalent in plant cell wall proteins. Large scale and detailed characterization of N-glycoproteins therefore has considerable potential in better understanding the composition and functions of the cell wall proteome, as well as those proteins that reside in other compartments of the secretory pathway. While there have been numerous studies of mammalian and yeast N-glycoproteins, less is known about the population complexity, biosynthesis, structural variation, and trafficking of their plant counterparts. However, technical developments in the analysis of glycoproteins and the structures the glycans that they bear, as well as valuable comparative analyses with non-plant systems, are providing new insights into features that are common among eukaryotes and those that are specific to plants, some of which may reflect the unique nature of the plant cell wall. In this review we present an overview of the current knowledge of plant N-glycoprotein synthesis and trafficking, with particular reference to those that are cell wall localized. C1 [Ruiz-May, Eliel; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kim, Sang-Jin; Brandizzi, Federica] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kim, Sang-Jin; Brandizzi, Federica] Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rose, JKC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, 412 Mann Lib Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jr286@cornell.edu FU NSF Plant Genome Research Program [DBI-0606595]; New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR); Great Lake Bioenergy Center (GLBRC) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX Funding to Jocelyn K. C. Rose for research in this area is provided by the NSF Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-0606595) and the New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (NYSTAR). Funding to Federica Brandizzi is provided by the Great Lake Bioenergy Center (GLBRC) under the grant (DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 216 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 24 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 117 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00117 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900117 PM 22685447 ER PT J AU Sevanto, S Holbrook, NM Ball, MC AF Sevanto, Sanna Holbrook, N. Michele Ball, Marilyn C. TI Freeze/thaw-induced embolism: probability of critical bubble formation depends on speed of ice formation SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE air seeding; cavitation; gas segregation; nucleation; xylem AB Bubble formation in the conduits of woody plants sets a challenge for uninterrupted water transportation from the soil up to the canopy. Freezing and thawing of stems has been shown to increase the number of air-filled (embolized) conduits, especially in trees with large conduit diameters. Despite numerous experimental studies, the mechanisms leading to bubble formation during freezing have not been addressed theoretically. We used classical nucleation theory and fluid mechanics to show which mechanisms are most likely to be responsible for bubble formation during freezing and what parameters determine the likelihood of the process. Our results confirm the common assumption that bubble formation during freezing is most likely due to gas segregation by ice. If xylem conduit walls are not permeable to the salts expelled by ice during the freezing process, osmotic pressures high enough for air seeding could be created. The build-up rate of segregated solutes in front of the ice-water interface depends equally on conduit diameter and freezing velocity. Therefore, bubble formation probability depends on these variables. The dependence of bubble formation probability on freezing velocity means that the experimental results obtained for cavitation threshold conduit diameters during freeze/thaw cycles depend on the experimental setup; namely sample size and cooling rate. The velocity dependence also suggests that to avoid bubble formation during freezing trees should have narrow conduits where freezing is likely to be fast (e.g., branches or outermost layer of the xylem). Avoidance of bubble formation during freezing could thus be one piece of the explanation why xylem conduit size of temperate and boreal zone trees varies quite systematically. C1 [Sevanto, Sanna; Holbrook, N. Michele] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ball, Marilyn C.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Plant Sci Div, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Sevanto, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663 MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sanna@lanl.gov FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Harvard University; Australian Research Council [DP110105380] FX We are grateful for support from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Harvard University. We also thank the Australian Research Council for support (DP110105380). NR 78 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 26 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 107 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00107 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900108 PM 22685446 ER PT J AU Wipf, D Loque, D Lalonde, S Frommer, WB AF Wipf, Daniel Loque, Dominique Lalonde, Sylvie Frommer, Wolf B. TI Amino acid transporter inventory of the Selaginella genome SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Selaginella; amino acid; transporter AB Amino acids play fundamental roles in a multitude of functions including protein synthesis, hormone metabolism, nerve transmission, cell growth, production of metabolic energy, nucleobase synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and urea biosynthesis. Selaginella as a member of the lycophytes is part of an ancient lineage of vascular plants that had arisen similar to 400 million years ago. In angiosperms, which have attracted most of the attention for nutrient transport so far, we have been able to identify many of the key transporters for nitrogen. Their role is not always fully clear, thus an analysis of Selaginella as a representative of an ancient vascular plant may help shed light on the evolution and function of these diverse transporters. Here we annotated and analyzed the genes encoding putative transporters involved in cellular uptake of amino acids present in the Selaginella genome. C1 [Wipf, Daniel] Univ Bourgogne Plante Microbe Environm, CNRS 5184, UMR INRA 1088, F-21065 Dijon, France. [Loque, Dominique] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. [Lalonde, Sylvie; Frommer, Wolf B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wipf, D (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne Plante Microbe Environm, CNRS 5184, UMR INRA 1088, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon, France. EM daniel.wipf@dijon.inra.fr RI Frommer, Wolf B/A-8256-2008; Loque, Dominique/A-8153-2008 FU Burgundy Regional Council; Agence National de la Recherche [ANR-10-BLAN-1604-01]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER15542]; National Science Foundation [MCB-1021677] FX The authors arc grateful to M. Avolio for critical reading of the manuscript. The work reported in this review article was supported by the Burgundy Regional Council and the Agence National de la Recherche (project TRANSMUT, ANR-10-BLAN-1604-01) to Daniel Wipf, as well as from the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-04ER15542) and The National Science Foundation (MCB-1021677) to Wolf B. Frommer. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2012 VL 3 AR 36 DI 10.3389/fpls.2012.00036 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TI UT WOS:000208837900037 PM 22639646 ER PT S AU Garland, NL Papageorgopoulos, DC Stanford, JM AF Garland, Nancy L. Papageorgopoulos, Dimitrios C. Stanford, Joseph M. GP ELSEVIER TI Hydrogen and fuel cell technology: Progress, challenges, and future directions SO FUEL CELLS 2012 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY - A GROVE FUEL CELL EVENT SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Fuel Cells Science and Technology Conference CY APR 11-12, 2012 CL Berlin, GERMANY DE Hydrogen; Fuel cells; Total cost of ownership; Well-to-wheels studies AB The Department of Energy's (DOE) hydrogen and fuel cell activities are presented, focussing on key targets and progress. Recent results on the cost, durability, and performance of fuel cells are discussed, along with the status of hydrogen-related technologies and cross-cutting activities. DOE has deployed fuel cells in key early markets, including backup power and forklifts. Recent analyses show that fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are among the most promising options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and petroleum use. Preliminary analysis also indicates that the total cost of ownership of FCEVs will be comparable to other advanced vehicle and fuel options. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garland, Nancy L.; Papageorgopoulos, Dimitrios C.; Stanford, Joseph M.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Garland, NL (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM nancy.garland@ee.doe.gov NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2012 VL 28 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.08.034 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BB7DN UT WOS:000345391300001 ER PT S AU Atcitty, S Kaplar, R DasGupta, S Marinella, M Armstrong, A Biedermann, L Sun, M Palacios, T Smith, M AF Atcitty, Stanley Kaplar, Robert DasGupta, Sandeepan Marinella, Matthew Armstrong, Andrew Biedermann, Laura Sun, Min Palacios, Tomas Smith, Mark BE Shenai, K Dudley, M Ohtani, N Bakowski, M Garg, R TI GaN-Based Wide-Bandgap Power Switching Devices: From Atoms to the Grid SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND SILICON CARBIDE POWER TECHNOLOGIES 2 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Gallium Nitride (GaN) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Technologies as part of ECS Fall Meeting CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP ECS ID SURFACE-POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-MOBILITY TRANSISTORS; KELVIN PROBE MICROSCOPY AB Emerging semiconductor switches based on the wide-bandgap semiconductor GaN have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of portable power applications such as transportable energy storage. Such applications are likely to become more widespread as renewables such as wind and solar continue to come on-line. However, the long-term reliability of GaN-based power devices is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we describe joint work between Sandia National Laboratories and MIT on high-voltage AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors. It is observed that the nature of current collapse is a strong function of bias conditions as well as device design, where factors such as Al composition in the barrier layer and surface passivation play a large role. Thermal and optical recovery experiments are performed to ascertain the nature of charge trapping in the device. Additionally, Kelvin-force microscopy measurements are used to evaluate the surface potential within the device. C1 [Atcitty, Stanley; Kaplar, Robert; DasGupta, Sandeepan; Marinella, Matthew; Armstrong, Andrew; Biedermann, Laura; Smith, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sun, Min; Palacios, Tomas] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Atcitty, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security administration [DEAC04- 94AL85000]; GIGA FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security administration under Contract DEAC04- 94AL85000. This work was performed under funding from the GaN Initiative for Grid Applications ( GIGA) program managed by Dr. Mike Soboroff of the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-351-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1149/05003.0199ecst PG 11 WC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Crystallography; Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA7TJ UT WOS:000337755900022 ER PT J AU Davies, N Meyer, C Gilbert, JA Amaral-Zettler, L Deck, J Bicak, M Rocca-Serra, P Assunta-Sansone, S Willis, K Field, D AF Davies, Neil Meyer, Chris Gilbert, Jack A. Amaral-Zettler, Linda Deck, John Bicak, Mesude Rocca-Serra, Philippe Assunta-Sansone, Susanna Willis, Kathy Field, Dawn TI A call for an international network of genomic observatories (GOs) SO GIGASCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Ecogenomics; Earth observation; Biodiversity; Ecosystems; Biocode; Genomic observatory; DNA AB We are entering a new era in genomics-that of large-scale, place-based, highly contextualized genomic research. Here we review this emerging paradigm shift and suggest that sites of utmost scientific importance be expanded into 'Genomic Observatories' (GOs). Investment in GOs should focus on the digital characterization of whole ecosystems, from all-taxa biotic inventories to time-series 'omics studies. The foundational layer of biodiversity-genetic variation-would thus be mainstreamed into Earth Observation systems enabling predictive modelling of biodiversity dynamics and resultant impacts on ecosystem services. C1 [Davies, Neil; Deck, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Gump South Pacific Res Stn, Moorea 98728, Fr Polynesia. [Davies, Neil; Willis, Kathy; Field, Dawn] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Biodivers Inst, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Meyer, Chris] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda] Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bicak, Mesude; Field, Dawn] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Rocca-Serra, Philippe; Assunta-Sansone, Susanna; Field, Dawn] Univ Oxford, Oxford E Res Ctr, Oxford OX1 3QG, England. RP Field, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Biodivers Inst, Tinbergen Bldg,South Pk Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM dfield@ceh.ac.uk RI Davies, Neil/E-5863-2012 OI Davies, Neil/0000-0001-8085-5014 FU US Dept of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Dept of Energy under 343 Contract [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation (RCN4GSC) [DBI-0840989]; National Science Foundation (BiSciCol) [DBI-BRC-0956350] FX We would like to thank Alexei Drummond, Frank Oliver Glockner, Renzo Kottmann, Makiko Mimura, Norman Morrison, Terry Parr, Robert Robbins, David Schindel, John Wooley, Tetsukazu Yahara, and the rest of the members of the GOs Network for useful discussions during the development of this manuscript. We thank Dan Faith for his thorough review and insightful comments. This work was supported in part by the US Dept of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This paper is contribution #196 of the Gump South Pacific Research Station. The National Science Foundation (RCN4GSC, DBI-0840989; BiSciCol, DBI-BRC-0956350) and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Moorea Biocode Project)' after This work was supported in part by the US Dept of Energy under 343 Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND EI 2047-217X J9 GIGASCIENCE JI GigaScience PY 2012 VL 1 AR 5 DI 10.1186/2047-217X-1-5 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V41IB UT WOS:000209538800005 PM 23587188 ER PT J AU Eisen, JA AF Eisen, Jonathan A. TI Badomics words and the power and peril of the ome-meme SO GIGASCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Genomics; Language; Memes; Omics; Badomics; Genome; Ome-ome; Language parasites AB Languages and cultures, like organisms, are constantly evolving. Words, like genes, can come and go-spreading around or going extinct. Here I discuss the spread of one small subset of words that are meant to convey "comprehensiveness" in some way: the "omes" and other words derived from "genome" or "genomics." I focus on a bad aspect of this spread the use of what I refer to as "badomics" words. I discuss why these should be considered bad and how to distinguish badomics words from good ones. C1 [Eisen, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eisen, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eisen, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eisen, Jonathan A.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eisen, Jonathan A.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Eisen, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jaeisen@ucdavis.edu OI Eisen, Jonathan A./0000-0002-0159-2197 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND EI 2047-217X J9 GIGASCIENCE JI GigaScience PY 2012 VL 1 AR 6 DI 10.1186/2047-217X-1-6 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V41IB UT WOS:000209538800006 PM 23587201 ER PT J AU McDonald, D Clemente, JC Kuczynski, J Rideout, JR Stombaugh, J Wendel, D Wilke, A Huse, S Hufnagle, J Meyer, F Knight, R Caporaso, JG AF McDonald, Daniel Clemente, Jose C. Kuczynski, Justin Rideout, Jai Ram Stombaugh, Jesse Wendel, Doug Wilke, Andreas Huse, Susan Hufnagle, John Meyer, Folker Knight, Rob Caporaso, J. Gregory TI The Biological Observation Matrix (BIOM) format or: how I learned to stop worrying and love the ome-ome SO GIGASCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Microbial ecology; Comparative genomics; Metagenomics; QIIME; MG-RAST; VAMPS; BIOM AB Background: We present the Biological Observation Matrix (BIOM, pronounced "biome") format: a JSON-based file format for representing arbitrary observation by sample contingency tables with associated sample and observation metadata. As the number of categories of comparative omics data types (collectively, the "ome-ome") grows rapidly, a general format to represent and archive this data will facilitate the interoperability of existing bioinformatics tools and future meta-analyses. Findings: The BIOM file format is supported by an independent open-source software project (the biom-format project), which initially contains Python objects that support the use and manipulation of BIOM data in Python programs, and is intended to be an open development effort where developers can submit implementations of these objects in other programming languages. Conclusions: The BIOM file format and the biom-format project are steps toward reducing the "bioinformatics bottleneck" that is currently being experienced in diverse areas of biological sciences, and will help us move toward the next phase of comparative omics where basic science is translated into clinical and environmental applications. The BIOM file format is currently recognized as an Earth Microbiome Project Standard, and as a Candidate Standard by the Genomic Standards Consortium. C1 [McDonald, Daniel; Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Biofrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Clemente, Jose C.; Stombaugh, Jesse; Wendel, Doug; Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kuczynski, Justin] Second Genome, San Bruno, CA USA. [Rideout, Jai Ram; Caporaso, J. Gregory] No Arizona Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wilke, Andreas; Meyer, Folker; Caporaso, J. Gregory] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Huse, Susan; Hufnagle, John] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Caporaso, JG (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM gregcaporaso@gmail.com RI Knight, Rob/D-1299-2010 FU Amazon Web Services; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX This work was supported in part by Amazon Web Services, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. "Ome-ome" data was obtained from a local install of MEDLINE (R), a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, in the Larry Hunter Laboratory at the University of Colorado Denver. We thank Bill Baumgartner for supplying the MEDLINE (R) data for this study. We additionally thank William A. Walters for assistance with testing of the biom-format project. NR 22 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND EI 2047-217X J9 GIGASCIENCE JI GigaScience PY 2012 VL 1 AR 7 DI 10.1186/2047-217X-1-7 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V41IB UT WOS:000209538800007 PM 23587224 ER PT B AU Tan, LZ Allen, TR Yang, Y AF Tan, Lizhen Allen, Todd R. Yang, Ying BE Sharma, SK TI Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Nickel-Base Alloys in Supercritical Water and Novel Control Methods SO GREEN CORROSION CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; DIFFUSION; CHROMIUM; STEAM; MECHANISM; 800H C1 [Tan, Lizhen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Allen, Todd R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yang, Ying] CompuTherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Tan, LZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, One Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-64180-2; 978-3-527-32930-4 PY 2012 BP 211 EP 242 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BA6MA UT WOS:000337180800010 ER PT B AU Crowell, PA Crooker, SA AF Crowell, Paul A. Crooker, Scott A. BE Tsymbal, EY Zutic, I TI Spin Transport in Ferromagnet/III-V Semiconductor Heterostructures SO HANDBOOK OF SPIN TRANSPORT AND MAGNETISM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GALLIUM-ARSENIDE; ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENT; ELECTRICAL DETECTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; INJECTION; GAAS; PRECESSION; METAL; POLARIZATION; RELAXATION C1 [Crowell, Paul A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Crooker, Scott A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Crowell, PA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 104 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-0378-3; 978-1-4398-0377-6 PY 2012 BP 463 EP 485 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BC9AE UT WOS:000356247000024 ER PT J AU Lin, JS Mendoza, JA Jaime, MC Zhou, Y Brown, J Gamwo, IK Zhang, W AF Lin, J. -S. Mendoza, J. A. Jaime, M. C. Zhou, Y. Brown, J. Gamwo, I. K. Zhang, W. BE Qian, Q Zhou, Y TI Numerical modeling of rock cutting SO HARMONISING ROCK ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ISRM International Congress on Rock Mechanics CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Soc Rock Mech & Engn Geol DE numerical modeling; rock failure; mechanical excavation ID COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB Rock cutting is at the core of all construction on rocks or into rocks. The cutting action, by its nature, is defined by causing failure in a rock so that part of the rock can be removed. From a mechanical point of view, the problem is a difficult one. A numerical solution is often the only credible approach. In this study, we employed both the finite element method and the discrete element method for modeling rock cutting. Our immediate goals were to develop a framework within the two methods so that a laboratory rock scratch test could be well modeled. The reasons for the focus were twofold: first, a scratch test possessed all essential characteristics of a general rock cutting problem; second, there were test data available for validation. We used LS-DYNA for the finite element analysis, PFC2D and PFC3D for the discrete element analysis. Model setup and problems analyzed with each method are presented first, followed by a general discussion. C1 [Lin, J. -S.; Brown, J.; Gamwo, I. K.; Zhang, W.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Lin, J. -S.; Mendoza, J. A.; Jaime, M. C.; Zhou, Y.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. FU National EnergyTechnology Laboratory's on-going research in drilling under extreme conditions under the RDS [DE-AC26-04NT41817]; RES [DE-FE0004000.] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National EnergyTechnology Laboratory's on-going research in drilling under extreme conditions under the RDS contract DE-AC26-04NT41817 and RES contract DE-FE0004000. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13525-9 PY 2012 BP 461 EP 466 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BG8NX UT WOS:000392521000072 ER PT J AU Yamamoto, H Onuma, T Kumagai, T Rutqvist, J AF Yamamoto, Hajime Onuma, Takumi Kumagai, Tsukasa Rutqvist, Jonny BE Qian, Q Zhou, Y TI Numerical investigation of the potential applicability of surface deformation measurement by InSAR technology for monitoring CO2 behavior in deep underground SO HARMONISING ROCK ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ISRM International Congress on Rock Mechanics CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Soc Rock Mech & Engn Geol DE numerical modelling; fluid flow; case studies; monitoring; field measurements AB DInSAR (differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar) is a promising technology for measuring, in remarkable detail, spatial surface deformations due to pressurization of reservoirs during CO2 injection. We performed coupled fluid-flow and geomechanical simulations for an example corresponding to the geometry and conditions at the In Salah CO2 storage project, Algeria. The time evolution of surface displacement detected by DInSAR was quantitatively well reproduced by the simulation. A sensitivity study suggests that information on the CO2 front is indirectly transferred to the surface displacement, and thus, even if the CO2 flow were highly localized due to reservoir heterogeneity such as faulting, surface deformation does not sharply reflect the flow patterns, but are smoothened. Temporal and spatial changes in surface deformation interpreted from DInSAR potentially provide a unique opportunity for calibrating the spatial permeabilities (e.g. low-permeability barriers) of reservoir models. C1 [Yamamoto, Hajime] Taisei Corp, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Onuma, Takumi] JGI Inc, Tokyo, Japan. [Kumagai, Tsukasa] JGC Corp, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Rutqvist, Jonny] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13525-9 PY 2012 BP 545 EP 549 PG 5 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BG8NX UT WOS:000392521000088 ER PT J AU Diek, A White, L Roegiers, JC Blankenship, D AF Diek, A. White, L. Roegiers, J. -C. Blankenship, D. BE Qian, Q Zhou, Y TI A fully coupled thermoporoelastic model for drilling in HPHT formations SO HARMONISING ROCK ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ISRM International Congress on Rock Mechanics CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Soc Rock Mech & Engn Geol DE geothermal; oil reservoir; physical modeling; numerical modeling; fluid flow AB Coupled processes in porous media impact drilling and borehole stability. The coupling of the matrix deformation, and fluid and heat diffusions results in a time dependent response in the formation. A general theory of thermoporoelasticity is developed that fully couples the three processes: mechanical, hydraulic, and thermal in porous media saturated by a compressible and thermally expansible fluid. A finite element model is developed for the fully coupled processes consisting of: thermoporoelastic deformation, hydraulic conduction, thermal osmosis, heat conduction, pressure thermal effect, and the interconvertibility of mechanical and thermal energy. The model is used to analyze the problem of a wellbore subjected to a hydrostatic in situ stress field. The results indicate that heating induces an increase in the pore pressure, while cooling induces a decrease in the pore pressure. The total radial and tangential stresses are more compressive in the case of heating and less compressive in the case of cooling relative to the isothermal case. It is also shown that the lower the permeability/fluid viscosity ratio, the larger the thermal loading effect on the pore pressure changes and that full coupling is important for modeling tight formations. C1 [Diek, A.; White, L.; Roegiers, J. -C.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Blankenship, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13525-9 PY 2012 BP 1303 EP 1308 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BG8NX UT WOS:000392521000235 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J AF Rutqvist, Jonny BE Qian, Q Zhou, Y TI Geomechanical aspects of CO2 sequestration and modeling SO HARMONISING ROCK ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ISRM International Congress on Rock Mechanics CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Soc Rock Mech & Engn Geol DE numerical modeling; site characterization; fluid flow AB Rock mechanics plays an important role in the performance assessment of geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, including assessment of caprock sealing performance, ground-surface deformations, potential fault reactivation, and induced seismicity. As a practical example, recent results are reviewed from studies of the geomechanical aspects and modeling associated with CO2 injection at the In Salah CO2 storage project, around the Krechba gas field, Algeria. The site is an ideal test bed for geomechanical studies: the CO2 injection pressure is sufficiently high to cause measurable ground-surface deformations, and the targeted injection zone consists of fractured sandstone intersected by minor faults. At Krechba, satellite-based interferometry (InSAR) is used to monitor ground-surface deformations with remarkable precision (a few millimeters), because of favorable ground-surface conditions, including hard desert sediments and bare rock. Inverse semi-analytical strain analysis as well as coupled fluid flow and geomechanical numerical modeling are being employed to interpret observed ground-surface deformations in terms of underground fluid movements and structures, such as faults and fracture zones. Significant modeling effort is currently being dedicated to analyze ground-surface uplift at one of the injection wells, where a double-lobe uplift pattern indicates opening of a deep fault or fracture zone-a feature that has also been detected in a recent 3D seismic survey. Finally, coupled fluid flow and geomechanical modeling has been applied to estimate the potential for injection-induced microseismicity. For the best-estimated present-day strike-slip stress regime at Krechba, the current analysis indicates a relatively low potential for injection-induced microseismicity. The geomechanical models are being updated and recalibrated as new field data becomes available, and the long-term geomechanical responses will be assessed. C1 [Rutqvist, Jonny] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy; Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory; Salah JIP; BP; StatoilHydro; Sonatrach under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was jointly supported by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, and the In Salah JIP and their partners BP, StatoilHydro, and Sonatrach under the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. In Salah JIP is also acknowledged for providing field data and valuable discussions. Editorial review by Dan Hawkes at the Berkeley Lab is greatly appreciated. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13525-9 PY 2012 BP 1803 EP 1808 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BG8NX UT WOS:000392521000328 ER PT J AU Wang, JSY Smeallie, PH Feng, XT Hudson, JA AF Wang, Joseph S. Y. Smeallie, Peter H. Feng, Xia-Ting Hudson, John A. BE Qian, Q Zhou, Y TI Underground research laboratory network SO HARMONISING ROCK ENGINEERING AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ISRM International Congress on Rock Mechanics CY OCT 17-21, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Rock Mech, Chinese Soc Rock Mech & Engn, Soc Rock Mech & Engn Geol DE case studies; field measurements; nuclear repository; rock caverns; site characterization; tunneling ID SEISMICITY AB We summarize Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) in hard rock with varying degree of fracturing, in soft rock with plastic deformation, in shallow and in deep laboratories for physics and multidisciplinary research. URL studies range from underground injection assessment, search for origins of life, heterogeneity and fracture network characterizations, coupled process testing, quantification of induced deformation and seismicity potential, to coupling of underground signals to atmospheric and ionospheric processes. Common and new approaches can be developed through exchanges to address fundamental challenges and practical aspects of organization, procedure, and incentive needed to formulate and develop URL networks and innovations. C1 [Wang, Joseph S. Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smeallie, Peter H.] Amer Rock Mech Assoc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Feng, Xia-Ting] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Hudson, John A.] Int Soc Rock Mech, London, England. [Hudson, John A.] Imperial Coll, London, England. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-203-13525-9 PY 2012 BP 1829 EP 1835 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BG8NX UT WOS:000392521000333 ER PT S AU Bradshaw, JM Forsythe, JC AF Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Forsythe, J. Chris GP Assoc Comp Machinery TI Cognitive Science and Socio-Cognitive Theory for the HRI Practitioner SO HRI'12: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH ANNUAL ACM/IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION SE ACMIEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) CY MAR 05-08, 2012 CL Boston, MA SP Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE, ACM SIGCHI, ACM SIGART, HFES, AAAI, IEEE Robot & Automat DE Cognitive Science; Human-Agent-Robot Teamwork; Human-Robotic Interaction; Socio-Cognitive Theory AB This tutorial provides a synopsis of key findings and theoretical advances from cognitive science and socio-cognitive theory, with examples of how the results of this research can be applied to the design of human-robotic systems. Topics covered will run the gamut from basic cognitive science (e.g., perception, attention, learning and memory, information processing, multi-tasking, conscious awareness, individual differences) to socio-cognitive issues (e.g., theories of social interaction, dynamic functional allocation, mixed-initiative interaction, human-agent-robot teamwork, coactive design, theory of organizations). Additionally, the tutorial will address new technologies that attempt to leverage the current state of theory (e.g., neuroergonomics, brain-machine interfaces, detection of cognitive states, robotic prostheses and orthotics, cognitive and sensory prostheses). Throughout the tutorial, the presenters will give descriptions and demonstrations of working systems that exemplify the principles being taught. Separately, the presenters have given highly-successful tutorials on relevant subjects at workshops and conferences such as CHI and HCI International, as well as in a variety of industrial and government settings. In this tutorial, they propose to bring together their experience to bear on issues of specific interest to the HRI community. C1 [Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.] Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, 40 South Alcaniz St, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. [Forsythe, J. Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bradshaw, JM (reprint author), Florida Inst Human & Machine Cognit IHMC, 40 South Alcaniz St, Pensacola, FL 32502 USA. EM jbradshaw@ihmc.us; jcforsy@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA SN 2167-2121 BN 978-1-4503-1063-5 J9 ACMIEEE INT CONF HUM PY 2012 BP 495 EP 496 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BG9JL UT WOS:000393315300145 ER PT B AU Bruckman, A Bandlow, A Dimond, J Forte, A AF Bruckman, Amy Bandlow, Alisa Dimond, Jill Forte, Andrea BE Jacko, JA TI Human-Computer Interaction for Kids SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION HANDBOOK: FUNDAMENTALS, EVOLVING TECHNOLOGIES, AND EMERGING APPLICATIONS, 3RD EDITION SE Human Factors and Ergonomics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; TECHNOLOGY; USABILITY; COGNITION; SCHOOLS; DESIGN; SPEED C1 [Bruckman, Amy; Dimond, Jill] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bandlow, Alisa] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Forte, Andrea] Drexel Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Technol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bruckman, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Comp, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 146 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-2944-8; 978-1-4398-2943-1 J9 HUM FACTORS ERGON PY 2012 BP 841 EP 861 D2 10.1201/b11963 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC8EB UT WOS:000355562500040 ER PT B AU Andersen, A Govind, N Subramanian, L AF Andersen, Amity Govind, Niranjan Subramanian, Lalitha BE Meunier, M TI Theoretical Study of the Mechanism behind the Para-Selective Nitration of Toluene in Zeolite H-Beta SO INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MQ MAS NMR; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; AMORPHOUS SILICA-ALUMINA; ALK EDGE XANES; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; AL-27 MAS; REGIOSELECTIVE NITRATION; BENZOYL NITRATE; ACID; BEA C1 [Andersen, Amity; Govind, Niranjan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Subramanian, Lalitha] Accelrys, San Diego, CA USA. RP Andersen, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6102-8; 978-1-4398-6101-1 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Industrial SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BC6XX UT WOS:000354571900003 ER PT S AU Yang, X Bond, TC Zhang, JZ Li, Y Gu, C AF Yang, Xuan Bond, Tiziana C. Zhang, Jin Z. Li, Yat Gu, Claire BE Song, F Li, H Sun, X Yu, FTS Jutamulia, S Immink, KAS Shono, K TI Photonic crystal fiber Raman sensors SO INFORMATION OPTICS AND OPTICAL DATA STORAGE II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Information Optics and Optical Data Storage II CY NOV 06-07, 2012 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, Chinese Opt Soc DE Photonic crystal fiber; Fiber sensor; Raman spectroscopy; Surface enhanced Raman scattering; CO2 sensing ID SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; GUIDANCE; AIR AB Hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) employs a guiding mechanism fundamentally different from that in conventional index guiding fibers. In an HCPCF, periodic air channels in a glass matrix act as reflectors to confine light in an empty core. As a result, the interaction between light and glass can be very small. Therefore, HCPCF has been used in applications that require extremely low non-linearity, high breakdown threshold, and zero dispersion. However, their applications in optical sensing, especially in chemical and biological sensing, have only been extensively explored recently. Besides their well-recognized optical properties the hollow cores of the fibers can be easily filled with liquid or gas, providing an ideal sampling mechanism in sensors. Recently, we have demonstrated that by filling up a HCPCF with gas or liquid samples, it is possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the sensors in either regular Raman or surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. This is because the confinement of both light and sample inside the hollow core enables direct interaction between the propagating wave and the analyte. In this paper, we report our recent work on using HCPCF as a platform for Raman or SERS in the detection of low concentration greenhouse gas (ambient CO2), biomedically significant molecules (e. g., glucose), and bacteria. We have demonstrated that by filling up a HCPCF with gas or liquid samples, it is possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the sensors in either regular Raman or SERS applications. C1 [Yang, Xuan; Gu, Claire] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Yang, Xuan; Bond, Tiziana C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zhang, Jin Z.; Li, Yat] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Yang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0823921]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DEAC52-07NA27344]; Lawrence Scholar Program at LLNL FX The work presented here is funded by the National Science Foundation, ECCS-0823921. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DEAC52-07NA27344. X. Y. acknowledges financial support by the Lawrence Scholar Program at LLNL. The following collaborators, researchers, and graduate students have made significant contributions in this project: Dr. Yi Zhang, Dr. Chao Shi, Dr. Rebecca Newhouse, Damon A. Wheeler, Alissa Y. Zhang, Dr. Fang Qian, Dr. Allan S. P. Chang, Dr. Bin Chen, and others whom we may have missed. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9314-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8559 AR UNSP 855902 DI 10.1117/12.999491 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BA5EG UT WOS:000336585100001 ER PT S AU Cheng, XL Parks, JM Petridis, L Lindner, B Schulz, R Guo, HB Srinivas, G Smith, JC AF Cheng, Xiaolin Parks, Jerry M. Petridis, Loukas Lindner, Benjamin Schulz, Roland Guo, Hao-Bo Srinivas, Goundla Smith, Jeremy C. BE Schlick, T TI Molecular Simulation in the Energy Biosciences SO INNOVATIONS IN BIOMOLECULAR MODELING AND SIMULATIONS, VOL 1 SE RSC Biomolecular Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COARSE-GRAIN MODEL; CELLULOSE-I-BETA; BACTERIAL ORGANOMERCURIAL LYASE; BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; MECHANICS FORCE-FIELD; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BORN RADII; TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION; BIOMOLECULAR SIMULATION C1 [Cheng, Xiaolin; Parks, Jerry M.; Petridis, Loukas; Lindner, Benjamin; Schulz, Roland; Guo, Hao-Bo; Srinivas, Goundla; Smith, Jeremy C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT ORNL Ctr Mol Biophys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cheng, Xiaolin; Parks, Jerry M.; Petridis, Loukas; Lindner, Benjamin; Schulz, Roland; Guo, Hao-Bo; Srinivas, Goundla; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Cheng, XL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT ORNL Ctr Mol Biophys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithjc@ornl.gov RI Schulz, Roland/A-1868-2010; OI Schulz, Roland/0000-0003-1603-2413; Smith, Jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; Guo, Hao-Bo/0000-0003-1321-1758 NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7152 BN 978-1-84973-461-5; 978-1-84973-504-9 J9 RSC BIOMOL SCI JI RSC Biomol. Sci. PY 2012 IS 23 BP 87 EP 114 DI 10.1039/9781849735049-00087 D2 10.1039/9781849735049 PG 28 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BA0UH UT WOS:000332277700006 ER PT S AU Keist, J El Dasher, B Torres, S Evans, J Wright, P Ross, F Steingart, D Orme, C AF Keist, J. El Dasher, B. Torres, S. Evans, J. Wright, P. Ross, F. Steingart, D. Orme, C. BE Kostecki, R Abe, T Liaw, BY TI Real-Time Dynamics during Recharging Cycles SO INTERFACES AND INTERPHASES IN BATTERY SYSTEMS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfaces and Interphases in Battery Syst held during the PRiME Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochemical-Soc and the Electrochemical-Soc-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Battery Div, Energy Technol Div AB This paper describes preliminary results from in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC AFM) and in situ electrochemical small angle x-ray scattering (EC USAXS) studies. Experiments are designed to quantify the morphological evolution during charge and discharge cycles. From the AFM data we measure feature shapes, nucleation density, island distributions and quantify surface roughness using height-height correlation functions. The USAXS scattering data is modeled as a distribution of islands. The goal of our project is to link early time nucleation events with the onset of large-scale instabilities such as dendrites. C1 [Keist, J.; El Dasher, B.; Torres, S.; Orme, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Keist, J.; Evans, J.; Wright, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ross, F.] IBM Watson, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Steingart, D.] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Keist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Lab directed Research and Development [12-LW-030] FX We thank Jan Ilavsky for his superb help with modeling and interpretation of the USAXS data. We thank Troy Barbee for providing the very low surface roughness sputterdeposited copper substrates used in the AFM experiments. Portions of this work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This project was supported by Lab directed Research and Development Grant 12-LW-030. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-000-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1149/05001.0013ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA7TE UT WOS:000337753700002 ER PT S AU Wang, F Yu, HC Van der Ven, A Thornton, K Pereira, N Zhu, YM Amatucci, GG Graetz, J AF Wang, Feng Yu, Hui-Chia Van der Ven, Anton Thornton, Katsuyo Pereira, Nathalie Zhu, Yimei Amatucci, Glenn G. Graetz, Jason BE Kostecki, R Abe, T Liaw, BY TI Ionic and electronic transport in metal fluoride conversion electrodes SO INTERFACES AND INTERPHASES IN BATTERY SYSTEMS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfaces and Interphases in Battery Syst held during the PRiME Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochemical-Soc and the Electrochemical-Soc-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Battery Div, Energy Technol Div ID REACTION-MECHANISMS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Materials that undergo a lithium conversion reaction often accommodate more than one Li per transition metal, and are promising candidates for high-capacity electrodes for lithium batteries. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the conversion process, the origins of the large polarization during electrochemical cycling, and why some materials are reversible (e. g., FeF2) while others are not (e. g., CuF2). We investigated the conversion reaction of metal fluorides, FeF2 and CuF2, to better understand the mechanisms underlying their contrasting electrochemical behavior. Lithium conversion of FeF2 results in the formation of an interconnected network of small iron nanoparticles (< 5nm), which may provide a pathway for electron transport and a high interfacial area between the Fe and LiF phases. Conversely, lithium conversion of CuF2 results in the formation of large isolated Cu particles, which may partially explain the poor reversibility in the CuF2 system. C1 [Wang, Feng; Zhu, Yimei; Graetz, Jason] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yu, Hui-Chia; Van der Ven, Anton; Thornton, Katsuyo] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Pereira, Nathalie; Amatucci, Glenn G.] Rutgers State Univ, North Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Feng/C-1443-2016; OI Wang, Feng/0000-0003-4068-9212; /0000-0002-1227-5293 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001294]; U. S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage FX This work was supported by the Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award No. DE-SC0001294. Work carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-000-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1149/05001.0019ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA7TE UT WOS:000337753700003 ER PT S AU Lux, SF Lucas, IT Chevalier, JS Richardson, TJ Kostecki, R AF Lux, Simon F. Lucas, Ivan T. Chevalier, Julie S. Richardson, Thomas J. Kostecki, Robert BE Kostecki, R Abe, T Liaw, BY TI Time-Dependent Determination of HF Formation in LiPF6-Containing Electrolytes in different cell types by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry SO INTERFACES AND INTERPHASES IN BATTERY SYSTEMS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfaces and Interphases in Battery Syst held during the PRiME Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochemical-Soc and the Electrochemical-Soc-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Battery Div, Energy Technol Div ID ION BATTERY ELECTROLYTES; LI-ION; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; LITHIUM; STABILITY; ANODES; LIPF6; MECHANISM; CATHODES; SALT AB A novel experimental technique was developed to investigate HF formation in organic carbonate based electrolytes containing LiPF6. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, aging and thermal decomposition of the electrolyte were monitored in a standard glass cell and in a polypropylene vessel. The amount of HF generated was determined by following the etching rate of a thin silicon dioxide layer on a silicon wafer in contact with the electrolyte. The material of cell construction clearly influenced the etching rate of the SiO2 sensor and affected the rate of degradation. C1 [Lux, Simon F.; Lucas, Ivan T.; Chevalier, Julie S.; Richardson, Thomas J.; Kostecki, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lux, SF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI LUCAS, Ivan /S-5742-2016 OI LUCAS, Ivan /0000-0001-8930-0437 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-000-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1149/05001.0027ecst PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA7TE UT WOS:000337753700004 ER PT S AU Syzdek, J Zorba, V Mao, XL Russo, RE Kostecki, R AF Syzdek, Jaroslaw Zorba, Vassilia Mao, Xianglei Russo, Richard E. Kostecki, Robert BE Kostecki, R Abe, T Liaw, BY TI Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy of Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces SO INTERFACES AND INTERPHASES IN BATTERY SYSTEMS SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfaces and Interphases in Battery Syst held during the PRiME Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochemical-Soc and the Electrochemical-Soc-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Battery Div, Energy Technol Div ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE; GRAPHITE ANODES; ION BATTERIES; TOF-SIMS; LITHIUM; SURFACE; INTERCALATION; MICROSCOPY AB Surface phenomena define and control the performance of Li-based battery systems hence direct chemical analysis of electrode/electrolyte interfaces can provide critical information for battery scientists and engineers. Recently introduced femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy has been employed in this work to probe ex situ compositional variations within the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Nanoscale depth-profiling was achieved for atomic and molecular species formed on graphite upon reduction in standard, carbonate-based Li-ion electrolyte. We demonstrate unique capabilities of this laser-based technique that allow for straightforward chemical analysis of interphases in air sensitive samples. C1 [Syzdek, Jaroslaw; Zorba, Vassilia; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.; Kostecki, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Syzdek, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zorba, Vassilia/C-4589-2015 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-62332-000-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1149/05001.0039ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BA7TE UT WOS:000337753700006 ER PT B AU Raybourn, EM AF Raybourn, Elaine M. BE Bruzzone, A Buck, W Longo, F Sokolowski, JA Sottilare, R TI BEYOND SERIOUS GAMES: TRANSMEDIA FOR MORE EFFECTIVE TRAINING & EDUCATION SO INTERNATIONAL DEFENSE AND HOMELAND SECURITY SIMULATION WORKSHOP (DHSS 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Defense and Homeland Security Simulation Workshop (DHSS) CY SEP 19-21, 2012 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Univ Genoa, Liophant Simulat, Simulat Team, Int Mediterranean & Latin Amer Council Simulat, Univ Calabria, DIMEG, Lab Enterprise Solut, Modeling & Simulat Ctr, Modeling & Simulat Ctr Excellence, Riga Tech Univ, Latvian Simulat Ctr, Logism, Lab Sci Informat Syst, Movimento Italiano Modellazione & Simulazione, Univ Perugia, MITIM Perugia Ctr, LAMCE COPPE UFRJ, Brasilian Simulat Ctr, McLeod Inst Technol & Interoperable Modeling & Simulat, Genoa Ctr, McLeod Modeling & Simulat Network, Latvian Simulat Soc, Ecole Superieure Ingn Sci Appliquees, Fac Ciencias Exactas, Ingn & Agrimensura, Univ La Laguna, CIFASIS CONICET UNR UPCAM, Inst Syst & Technologies Informat, Control & Commun, Natl Russian Simulat Soc, CEA IFAC, IEEE, Cent & S Italy Sect Chapter, CAL TEK SRL, Liotech Ltd, Mast Srl DE transmedia; cross-media; serious games; campaigns; storytelling AB Serious games present a relatively new approach to training and education for Defense and Homeland Security. Although serious games are often deployed as stand-alone solutions, they can also serve as entry points into training content that is delivered via different media. The present paper explores the application of transmedia storytelling used by entertainment, advertising, and the commercial game industries to sustain audience engagement with memorable experiences. Transmedia storytelling is the art and science of designing a consistent message that is delivered and reinforced across multiple media utilizing diverse entry points into a narrative to generate audience involvement with content. This approach is consistent with the goals of the Army Learning Model 2015 to deliver training and education to Soldiers across multiple media. Transmedia storytelling also provides a practical framework for developing media-rich training. In the present paper, we introduce the notion of transmedia storytelling, also known as transmedia or cross-media, as related to the use of serious games for training and education. We discuss why the human brain is wired for transmedia storytelling and demonstrate how the Simulation Experience Design Method can be used to create transmedia story worlds and serious games. Examples of how the U.S. Army has utilized transmedia for strategic communication and game-based training are provided. Finally, we conclude with strategies the reader can use today to incorporate transmedia storytelling elements such as Internet, TV, radio, print, social media, graphic novels, machinima, blogs, and alternate reality gaming into defense and homeland security serious game training. C1 [Raybourn, Elaine M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Raybourn, Elaine M.] Adv Distributed Learning Initiat, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM emraybo@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX The author thanks the U.S. Army Game Project, and Ms. Leslie Dubow of the U.S. Army Games for Training Program. *Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DIME UNIV GENOA PI GENOVA PA VIA OPERA PLA, 15-15A, GENOVA, 16145, ITALY BN 978-88-97999-00-3; 978-88-97999-08-9 PY 2012 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BG9CX UT WOS:000393065300002 ER PT J AU Kamath, C AF Kamath, Chandrika TI ON THE ROLE OF DATA MINING TECHNIQUES IN UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE classification; machine learning; principal component analysis; high-dimensional methods; data mining; uncertainty quantification AB Techniques from scientific data mining are increasingly being used to analyze and understand data from scientific observations, simulations, and experiments. These methods provide scientists the opportunity to automate the tedious manual processing of the data, control complex systems, and gain insights into the phenomenon being modeled or observed. This process of data-driven scientific inference borrows ideas and solutions from a range of fields including machine learning, image and video processing, statistics, high-performance computing, and pattern recognition. The tasks involved in these analyses include the extraction of structures from the data, the identification of representative features for these structures, dimension reduction, and building predictive and descriptive models. At first glance, data mining and data-driven analysis may appear unrelated to stochastic modeling and uncertainty quantification. But, as we show in this paper, there are commonalities in the problems addressed and techniques used, providing the two communities the opportunity to benefit from the expertise and experiences of each other. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kamath, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kamath2@llnl.gov FU ASCR Basic Research Program at DOE; LDRD program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; SciDAC program at DOE; WHTP program at EERE at DOE; auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL-JRNL-496765, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX There are several individuals who contributed to the work presented in this paper. I would like to thank the data miners and the software developers-Erick Cantu-Paz, Samson Sen-Ching Cheung, Ya Ju Fan, Abel Gezahegne, Thinh Nguyen, and Nu Ai Tang-who collaborated with me in the development of the software and the analysis of the data. Our work would not have been possible without the interest of the domain scientists who shared their data and their expertise. I gratefully acknowledge Robert Becker and the FIRST astronomers, Jeffrey Greenough, Omar Hurricane, Jeffrey Jacobs, Zhihong Lin, and Paul Miller, for being so gracious with their time. The work presented in this paper was supported over the years by the ASC program at the Department of Energy (DOE), the ASCR Basic Research Program at DOE, the LDRD program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the SciDAC program at DOE, and the WHTP program at EERE at DOE-their financial support of this work is gratefully acknowledged. More details on the problems and analysis presented in this paper can be found at the following two web sites: https://computation.llnl.gov/casc/StarSapphire/ and https://computation.llnl.gov/casc/sapphire/. This work (LLNL-JRNL-496765) has been performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 1 BP 73 EP 94 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.v2.i1.60 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V34QG UT WOS:000209100300006 ER PT J AU Urbina, A Mahadevan, S Paez, TL AF Urbina, Angel Mahadevan, Sankaran Paez, Thomas L. TI A BAYES NETWORK APPROACH TO UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION IN HIERARCHICALLY DEVELOPED COMPUTATIONAL MODELS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; Markov chain Monte Carlo; Bayesian inference; hierarchical model development; structural dynamics AB Performance assessment of complex systems is ideally accomplished through system-level testing, but because they are expensive, such tests are seldom performed. On the other hand, for economic reasons, data from tests on individual components that are parts of complex systems are more readily available. The lack of system-level data leads to a need to build computational models of systems and use them for performance prediction in lieu of experiments. Because their complexity, models are sometimes built in a hierarchical manner, starting with simple components, progressing to collections of components, and finally, to the full system. Quantification of uncertainty in the predicted response of a system model is required in order to establish confidence in the representation of actual system behavior. This paper proposes a framework for the complex, but very practical problem of quantification of uncertainty in system-level model predictions. It is based on Bayes networks and uses the available data at multiple levels of complexity (i.e., components, subsystem, etc.). Because epistemic sources of uncertainty were shown to be secondary, in this application, aleatoric only uncertainty is included in the present uncertainty quantification. An example showing application of the techniques to uncertainty quantification of measures of response of a real, complex aerospace system is included. C1 [Urbina, Angel] Sandia Natl Labs, Uncertainty Quantificat & Model Validat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Mahadevan, Sankaran] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Paez, Thomas L.] Thomas Paez Consulting, Durango, CO 80301 USA. RP Urbina, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Uncertainty Quantificat & Model Validat Dept, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0828, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aurbina@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico under the Sandia NSF life-cycle engineering program [BG-7732]; Sandia National Laboratories Doctoral Study Program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The research reported in this paper was supported by funds from Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico (Contract No. BG-7732), under the Sandia NSF life-cycle engineering program and Sandia National Laboratories Doctoral Study Program in support of the first author. The support is gratefully acknowledged. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2012 VL 2 IS 2 BP 173 EP 193 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.v2.i2.70 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V34QH UT WOS:000209100400007 ER PT J AU Bozinoski, R Davis, RL AF Bozinoski, Radoslav Davis, Roger L. TI A DES Procedure Applied to aWall-Mounted Hump SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a detached-eddy simulation (DES) for the flow over a wall-mounted hump. The Reynolds number based on the hump chord is Re-c = 9.36 x 10(5) with an in-let Mach number of 0.1. Solutions of the three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) procedure are obtained using the Wilcox k - omega equations. The DES results are obtained using the model presented by Bush and Mani and are compared with RANS solutions and experimental data from NASA's 2004 Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation on Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control Workshop. The DES procedure exhibited a three-dimensional flow structure in the wake, with a 13.65% shorter mean separation region compared to RANS and a mean reattachment length that is in good agreement with experimental measurements. DES predictions of the pressure coefficient in the separation region also exhibit good agreement with experiment and are more accurate than RANS predictions. C1 [Bozinoski, Radoslav] Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Sci Engn Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Davis, Roger L.] Univ Calif Davis, Mechan & Aero Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bozinoski, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Sci Engn Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rbozinoski@gmail.com FU Wright-Patterson Air Force Research Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio [09-S590-0009-20-C1]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. John Clark and the managers of the turbine branch at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Research Laboratory in Dayton, Ohio, for their support of this effort under contract 09-S590-0009-20-C1. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5966 EI 1687-5974 J9 INT J AEROSPACE ENG JI Int. J. Aerosp. Eng. PY 2012 AR UNSP 149461 DI 10.1155/2012/149461 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA V35TW UT WOS:000209171900002 ER PT J AU Wood, L Petroski, R AF Wood, Lowell Petroski, Robert BE Ragaini, R TI TOWARD MANIFESTLY SAFE NUCLEAR FISSION-BASED BULK ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 44TH SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2011 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Wood, Lowell; Petroski, Robert] Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hoover Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wood, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hoover Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4415-00-2 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2012 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG8QR UT WOS:000392644500014 ER PT J AU Difiglio, C AF Difiglio, Carmine BE Ragaini, R TI WORLD-WIDE UNCONVENTIONAL GAS POTENTIAL: ENERGY SECURITY AND GHG EMISSIONS SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 44TH SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2011 CL Erice, ITALY AB World-wide development of shale gas could substantially increase natural gas supply in North America, Europe and Asia. Such a development would significantly decrease natural gas exports from Russia, the Caspian and the Middle East compared to a future without world-wide shale gas development. This paper provides estimates of how shale gas development could affect energy markets. These estimates employ a detailed assessment of world-wide shale gas resources and the costs to produce gas from them. C1 [Difiglio, Carmine] US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Difiglio, C (reprint author), US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4415-00-2 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2012 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG8QR UT WOS:000392644500018 ER PT J AU Greene, DL AF Greene, David L. BE Ragaini, R TI THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIAL OF GLOBAL TRANSPORT TO 2050 SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 44TH SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2011 CL Erice, ITALY AB Transport accounts for 27 percent of total global energy use, 26 percent of global energy-related CO2 emissions, and obtains 95 percent of its energy from petroleum (IEA, 2010, p. 255). Carbon dioxide from the combustion of petroleum comprises approximately 95 percent of transport's GHG emissions. The sector's share of global primary oil consumption is expected to rise from slightly more than 50% today to 60 percent by 2035, with an approximate doubling of energy use. Transportation activity is inextricably linked to energy use because the nature of transportation is physical work-the application of force over a distance-and energy is the ability to do work. On the other hand, energy is used inefficiently to move people and commodities. For example, the overall energy efficiency of passenger transportation by motor vehicles in the United States today is only about 1 percent. Despite this, transportation is widely regarded as the most difficult and most costly sector for GHG mitigation and for substitution of alternative sources of energy. It is shown that given appropriate public policies to overcome the deficiencies of transportation markets and plausible technological progress, it should be possible to hold global transport energy use to approximately today's level through 2050. C1 [Greene, David L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4415-00-2 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2012 BP 387 EP 404 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG8QR UT WOS:000392644500032 ER PT J AU Wood, L Eckhoff, P AF Wood, Lowell Eckhoff, Philip BE Ragaini, R TI AGRICULTURE IN A MORE POPULOUS, HIGHER ATMOSPHERIC (CO2) WORLD-INVITING 10 BILLION TO THE BANQUET IN 2050: SOME WAYS AND MEANS SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 44TH SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2011 CL Erice, ITALY ID FOOD C1 [Wood, Lowell; Eckhoff, Philip] Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wood, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hoover Inst, Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4415-00-2 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2012 BP 491 EP 501 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG8QR UT WOS:000392644500040 ER PT J AU Difiglio, C Fulkerson, W Stram, B AF Difiglio, Carmine Fulkerson, William Stram, Bruce BE Ragaini, R TI REPORT OF THE PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL ON ENERGY, 2011 SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 44TH SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2011 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Difiglio, Carmine] US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Fulkerson, William] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN USA. [Stram, Bruce] Element Markets, Houston, TX USA. RP Difiglio, C (reprint author), US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4415-00-2 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2012 BP 549 EP 552 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG8QR UT WOS:000392644500046 ER PT J AU Chen, J Densmore, D Ham, TS Keasling, JD Hillson, NJ AF Chen, Joanna Densmore, Douglas Ham, Timothy S. Keasling, Jay D. Hillson, Nathan J. TI DeviceEditor visual biological CAD canvas SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bioCAD; Visual design abstraction; Correct-by-construction design; Design specification rules; Combinatorial library; DNA assembly AB Background: Biological Computer Aided Design (bioCAD) assists the de novo design and selection of existing genetic components to achieve a desired biological activity, as part of an integrated design-build-test cycle. To meet the emerging needs of Synthetic Biology, bioCAD tools must address the increasing prevalence of combinatorial library design, design rule specification, and scar-less multi-part DNA assembly. Results: We report the development and deployment of web-based bioCAD software, DeviceEditor, which provides a graphical design environment that mimics the intuitive visual whiteboard design process practiced in biological laboratories. The key innovations of DeviceEditor include visual combinatorial library design, direct integration with scar-less multi-part DNA assembly design automation, and a graphical user interface for the creation and modification of design specification rules. We demonstrate how biological designs are rendered on the DeviceEditor canvas, and we present effective visualizations of genetic component ordering and combinatorial variations within complex designs. Conclusions: DeviceEditor liberates researchers from DNA base-pair manipulation, and enables users to create successful prototypes using standardized, functional, and visual abstractions. Open and documented software interfaces support further integration of DeviceEditor with other bioCAD tools and software platforms. DeviceEditor saves researcher time and institutional resources through correct-by-construction design, the automation of tedious tasks, design reuse, and the minimization of DNA assembly costs. C1 [Chen, Joanna; Densmore, Douglas; Ham, Timothy S.; Keasling, Jay D.; Hillson, Nathan J.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Fuels Synth Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Chen, Joanna; Densmore, Douglas; Keasling, Jay D.; Hillson, Nathan J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Densmore, Douglas] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ham, Timothy S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hillson, NJ (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Fuels Synth Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM njhillson@lbl.gov RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Berkeley Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC) through U.S. National Science Foundation grant [0540879] FX This work conducted by the Joint BioEnergy Institute was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U. S. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231); the Berkeley Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (to NJH); and the Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC) through U.S. National Science Foundation grant #0540879. The authors thank David Pletcher, Steve Lane, Zinovii Dmytriv, Ian Vaino and William Morrell for providing information technology support; Rafael Rosengarten for providing the hypothetical designs shown in Figure 5; and Rafael Rosengarten, James Carothers and Tim Thimmaiah for constructive comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-1611 J9 J BIOL ENG JI J. Biol. Eng. PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 AR 1 DI 10.1186/1754-1611-6-1 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V31TG UT WOS:000208905300001 PM 22373390 ER PT J AU Olson, DG Lynd, LR AF Olson, Daniel G. Lynd, Lee R. TI Computational design and characterization of a temperature-sensitive plasmid replicon for gram positive thermophiles SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Temperature sensitive; Rolling circle; Plasmid; Clostridium thermocellum; Gram positive; Thermophile AB Background: Temperature-sensitive (Ts) plasmids are useful tools for genetic engineering, but there are currently none compatible with the gram positive, thermophilic, obligate anaerobe, Clostridium thermocellum. Traditional mutagenesis techniques yield Ts mutants at a low frequency, and therefore requires the development of high-throughput screening protocols, which are also not available for this organism. Recently there has been progress in the development of computer algorithms which can predict Ts mutations. Most plasmids currently used for genetic modification of C. thermocellum are based on the replicon of plasmid pNW33N, which replicates using the RepB replication protein. To address this problem, we set out to create a Ts plasmid by mutating the gene coding for the RepB replication protein using an algorithm designed by Varadarajan et al. (1996) for predicting Ts mutants based on the amino-acid sequence of the protein. Results: A library of 34 mutant plasmids was designed, synthesized and screened, resulting in 6 mutants which exhibited a Ts phenotype. Of these 6, the one with the most temperature-sensitive phenotype (M166A) was compared with the original plasmid. It exhibited lower stability at 48 degrees C and was completely unable to replicate at 55 degrees C. Conclusions: The plasmid described in this work could be useful in future efforts to genetically engineer C. thermocellum, and the method used to generate this plasmid may be useful for others trying to make Ts plasmids. C1 [Olson, Daniel G.; Lynd, Lee R.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Lynd, Lee R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Olson, Daniel G.; Lynd, Lee R.] BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 38738 USA. RP Lynd, LR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Lee.R.Lynd@dartmouth.edu RI Lynd, Lee/N-1260-2013; Olson, Daniel/F-2058-2011 OI Lynd, Lee/0000-0002-5642-668X; Olson, Daniel/0000-0001-5393-6302 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX We are grateful to Dr. Nicky Caiazza for suggesting the use of the Varadarajan et al. [19] method for making temperature-sensitive plasmids and other useful discussions. The BioEnergy Science Center is a U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-1611 J9 J BIOL ENG JI J. Biol. Eng. PY 2012 VL 6 IS 1 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1754-1611-6-5 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V31TG UT WOS:000208905300005 PM 22578246 ER PT J AU Ujwal, R Abramson, J AF Ujwal, Rachna Abramson, Jeff TI High-throughput Crystallization of Membrane Proteins Using the Lipidic Bicelle Method SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Molecular Biology; Issue 59; membrane proteins crystallization; bicelle; lipidic crystallization AB Membrane proteins (MPs) play a critical role in many physiological processes such as pumping specific molecules across the otherwise impermeable membrane bilayer that surrounds all cells and organelles. Alterations in the function of MPs result in many human diseases and disorders; thus, an intricate understanding of their structures remains a critical objective for biological research. However, structure determination of MPs remains a significant challenge often stemming from their hydrophobicity. MPs have substantial hydrophobic regions embedded within the bilayer. Detergents are frequently used to solubilize these proteins from the bilayer generating a protein-detergent micelle that can then be manipulated in a similar manner as soluble proteins. Traditionally, crystallization trials proceed using a protein-detergent mixture, but they often resist crystallization or produce crystals of poor quality. These problems arise due to the detergent's inability to adequately mimic the bilayer resulting in poor stability and heterogeneity. In addition, the detergent shields the hydrophobic surface of the MP reducing the surface area available for crystal contacts. To circumvent these drawbacks MPs can be crystallized in lipidic media, which more closely simulates their endogenous environment, and has recently become a de novo technique for MP crystallization. Lipidic cubic phase (LCP) is a three-dimensional lipid bilayer penetrated by an interconnected system of aqueous channels(1). Although monoolein is the lipid of choice, related lipids such as monopalmitolein and monovaccenin have also been used to make LCP2. MPs are incorporated into the LCP where they diffuse in three dimensions and feed crystal nuclei. A great advantage of the LCP is that the protein remains in a more native environment, but the method has a number of technical disadvantages including high viscosity (requiring specialized apparatuses) and difficulties in crystal visualization and manipulation(3,4). Because of these technical difficulties, we utilized another lipidic medium for crystallization-bicelles(5,6) (Figure 1). Bicelles are lipid/amphiphile mixtures formed by blending a phosphatidylcholine lipid (DMPC) with an amphiphile (CHAPSO) or a short-chain lipid (DHPC). Within each bicelle disc, the lipid molecules generate a bilayer while the amphiphile molecules line the apolar edges providing beneficial properties of both bilayers and detergents. Importantly, below their transition temperature, protein-bicelle mixtures have a reduced viscosity and are manipulated in a similar manner as detergent-solubilized MPs, making bicelles compatible with crystallization robots. Bicelles have been successfully used to crystallize several membrane proteins(5,7-11) (Table 1). This growing collection of proteins demonstrates the versatility of bicelles for crystallizing both alpha helical and beta sheet MPs from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. Because of these successes and the simplicity of high-throughput implementation, bicelles should be part of every membrane protein crystallographer's arsenal. In this video, we describe the bicelle methodology and provide a step-by-step protocol for setting up high-throughput crystallization trials of purified MPs using standard robotics. C1 [Ujwal, Rachna] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Abramson, Jeff] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Abramson, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jabramson@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIH [RO1 GM078844] FX We would like to thank Drs. James Bowie and Salem Faham for providing technical expertise and guidance on the bicelle method and Dr. Aviv Paz for useful discussions. We acknowledge Le Du for experimental support. Rachna Ujwal has financial interest in MemX Biosciences LLC, which, however, did not support this work. This work was supported in part by grants from the NIH (RO1 GM078844). NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JAN PY 2012 IS 59 AR UNSP e3383 DI 10.3791/3383 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V36PD UT WOS:000209222600015 PM 22257923 ER PT J AU Belharouak, I AF Belharouak, Ilias BE Belharouak, I TI LITHIUM ION BATTERIES - NEW DEVELOPMENTS preface SO LITHIUM ION BATTERIES - NEW DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Belharouak, Ilias] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Belharouak, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0077-5 PY 2012 BP VII EP VIII D2 10.5772/1358 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BG2JM UT WOS:000387426200001 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Zhang, ZC Amine, K AF Zhang, Lu Zhang, Zhengcheng Amine, Khalil BE Belharouak, I TI Redox Shuttle Additives for Lithium-Ion Battery SO LITHIUM ION BATTERIES - NEW DEVELOPMENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROCHEMICAL OVERCHARGE PROTECTION; TETRAHYDROFURAN SOLUTIONS; CHEMICAL OVERCHARGE; CELLS; ELECTROLYTES; DERIVATIVES; STABILITY; POTENTIALS; PHOSPHATE; OXIDATION C1 [Zhang, Lu; Zhang, Zhengcheng; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0077-5 PY 2012 BP 173 EP 188 D2 10.5772/1358 PG 16 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BG2JM UT WOS:000387426200008 ER PT S AU Dayeh, SA AF Dayeh, S. A. BE Chang, PC Suzuki, M He, JH Chou, LJ Overberg, ME TI One-Dimensional Semiconductor Heterostructures: Challenges and Opportunities SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL NANOSCALE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES 5 -AND- STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 54 (SOTAPOCS 54) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Low-Dimensional Nanoscale Elect and Photonic Devices 5 and State-of-the-Art Program on Cpd Semicond 54 (SOTAPOCS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Elect & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Sensor Div, Luminescence & Display Mat Div ID NANOWIRE HETEROSTRUCTURES; GROWTH AB The boundary conditions for materials science and device physics in 1D semiconductors are dramatically different from their bulk counterparts. From a materials perspective, surface energetics dominates growth and structural integrity in 1D materials and helps extend their coherency limits for heterostructuring compared to bulk. From a device perspective, compositional changes along their 1D axis provide new control over charge transport, and their cylindrical structure allows for better electronic and optoelectronic device architectures. While we exploited interface engineering to provide new foundations for materials science in nanoscale 1D semiconductors and to perfect their crystal growth, we highlight below some of the opportunities made available by such advances and discuss the challenges that face their development a fundamental growth-device inter-relation level. We focus our discussion on bottom-up or vapor-liquid-solid 1D grown Ge/Si heterostructures. C1 [Dayeh, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87111 USA. RP Dayeh, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87111 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-354-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1149/05006.0055ecst PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8IW UT WOS:000338190200009 ER PT S AU Douglas, EA Gila, BP Abernathy, CR Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Douglas, E. A. Gila, B. P. Abernathy, C. R. Ren, F. Pearton, S. J. BE Chang, PC Suzuki, M He, JH Chou, LJ Overberg, ME TI GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor Degradation: Effect of RF Stress SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL NANOSCALE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES 5 -AND- STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 54 (SOTAPOCS 54) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Low-Dimensional Nanoscale Elect and Photonic Devices 5 and State-of-the-Art Program on Cpd Semicond 54 (SOTAPOCS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Elect & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Sensor Div, Luminescence & Display Mat Div ID ALGAN/GAN HEMTS; DRAIN BIAS; CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; RELIABILITY; POWER; PERFORMANCE; SAPPHIRE; DC; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB Sub-micron AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors were RF stressed at various drain bias conditions at 10 GHz under 3 dB and 3.7 dB compression. Rapid degradation was observed above a drain bias of 20 V, with significant degradation of the Schottky contact. Additionally, electroluminescence and cathodoluminescence was performed on stressed devices. Localization of 2.2 eV defect emission was observed on a device suffering from infant mortality. C1 [Douglas, E. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gila, B. P.; Abernathy, C. R.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ren, F.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Douglas, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Douglas, Erica/J-3732-2014 OI Douglas, Erica/0000-0003-1873-0223 FU AFOSR MURI; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX This work is supported by an AFOSR MURI monitored by Gregg Jessen and Jim Hwang. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-354-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1149/05006.0261ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8IW UT WOS:000338190200038 ER PT S AU Baca, AG Scruggs, AJ Gorenz, A Fortune, TR Klem, JF Briggs, RD Clevenger, JB Patrizi, GA Sullivan, CT AF Baca, A. G. Scruggs, A. J. Gorenz, A. Fortune, T. R. Klem, J. F. Briggs, R. D. Clevenger, J. B. Patrizi, G. A. Sullivan, C. T. BE Chang, PC Suzuki, M He, JH Chou, LJ Overberg, ME TI A Survey of Electrical Signatures Characteristic of Step-Stressed InGaP/GaAs HBTs SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL NANOSCALE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES 5 -AND- STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 54 (SOTAPOCS 54) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Low-Dimensional Nanoscale Elect and Photonic Devices 5 and State-of-the-Art Program on Cpd Semicond 54 (SOTAPOCS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Elect & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Sensor Div, Luminescence & Display Mat Div ID HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS; RELIABILITY; DEGRADATION AB Step-stress experiments on high-voltage Npn InGaP/GaAs HBTs are shown to reveal a number of degradation mechanisms, singly or in combinations: defect buildup in the emitter depletion region, defect buildup in the neutral base region, possible degradation of Ohmic contacts or increase in epitaxial layer resistances. Defect buildup in the emitter depletion region often precedes other types of degradation. Two less commonly reported degradation mechanisms are also suggested: base Ohmic metal punch-through to the collector and deterioration of the die attach material. It was found that the vast majority of devices failed within 5% of a maximum attainable power level, but when stressed just shy of this catastrophic level, electrical characteristics typically degraded gradually. C1 [Baca, A. G.; Scruggs, A. J.; Gorenz, A.; Fortune, T. R.; Klem, J. F.; Briggs, R. D.; Clevenger, J. B.; Patrizi, G. A.; Sullivan, C. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-354-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 273 EP 282 DI 10.1149/05006.0273ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8IW UT WOS:000338190200039 ER PT S AU Nielson, GN Okandan, M Cruz-Campa, JL Gupta, VP Resnick, PJ Sanchez, CA Paap, SM Kim, B Sweatt, WC Lentine, AL Cederberg, JG Tauke-Pedretti, A Jared, BH Anderson, BJ Biefeld, RM Nelson, JS AF Nielson, G. N. Okandan, M. Cruz-Campa, J. L. Gupta, V. P. Resnick, P. J. Sanchez, C. A. Paap, S. M. Kim, B. Sweatt, W. C. Lentine, A. L. Cederberg, J. G. Tauke-Pedretti, A. Jared, B. H. Anderson, B. J. Biefeld, R. M. Nelson, J. S. BE Chang, PC Suzuki, M He, JH Chou, LJ Overberg, ME TI Advanced Compound Semiconductor and Silicon Fabrication Techniques for Next-Generation Solar Power Systems SO LOW-DIMENSIONAL NANOSCALE ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC DEVICES 5 -AND- STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 54 (SOTAPOCS 54) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Low-Dimensional Nanoscale Elect and Photonic Devices 5 and State-of-the-Art Program on Cpd Semicond 54 (SOTAPOCS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Elect & Photon Div, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Sensor Div, Luminescence & Display Mat Div AB Microsystem technologies have the potential to significantly improve the performance, reduce the cost, and extend the capabilities of solar power systems. These benefits are possible due to a number of significant beneficial scaling effects within solar cells, modules, and systems that are manifested as the size of solar cells decrease to the sub-millimeter range. To exploit these benefits, we are using advanced fabrication techniques to create solar cells from a variety of compound semiconductors and silicon that have lateral dimensions of 250 - 1000 mu m and are 1 - 20 mu m thick. These fabrication techniques come out of relatively mature microsystem technologies such as integrated circuits(IC) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) which provide added supply chain and scale-up benefits compared to even incumbent PV technologies. C1 [Nielson, G. N.; Okandan, M.; Cruz-Campa, J. L.; Resnick, P. J.; Kim, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-354-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 6 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1149/05006.0351ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8IW UT WOS:000338190200046 ER PT B AU Chattopadhyay, A Mohanty, S AF Chattopadhyay, Aditi Mohanty, Subhasish BE Srivastava, AN Han, J TI Gaussian Process Damage Prognosis under Random and Flight Profile Fatigue Loading SO MACHINE LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY FOR ENGINEERING SYSTEMS HEALTH MANAGEMENT SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRACK-GROWTH C1 [Chattopadhyay, Aditi] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mohanty, Subhasish] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, A (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4179-2; 978-1-4398-4178-5 J9 CH CRC DATA MIN KNOW PY 2012 BP 181 EP 201 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF6FO UT WOS:000383031900007 ER PT B AU Kaminski, MD Chen, HT Liu, XQ Rempfer, D Rosengart, AJ AF Kaminski, Michael D. Chen, Haitao Liu, Xianqiao Rempfer, Dietmar Rosengart, Axel J. BE Thanh, NTK TI Removal of Blood-Borne Toxin in the Body Using Magnetic Nanospheres SO MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES: FROM FABRICATION TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DRUG-DELIVERY; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; SEPARATION; HYPERTHERMIA; SYSTEM; CANCER; MODEL; IMMUNOLIPOSOMES; BIODISTRIBUTION C1 [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, Haitao] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Liu, Xianqiao] DuPont Co Inc, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Rempfer, Dietmar] IIT, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Neurol, Neurosci Intens Care Unit, New York, NY USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Neurosci, Neurosci Intens Care Unit, New York, NY USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Neurosurg, Neurosci Intens Care Unit, New York, NY USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6933-8; 978-1-4398-6932-1 PY 2012 BP 195 EP 213 D2 10.1201/b11760 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Applied; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BC8QL UT WOS:000356001500009 ER PT B AU Chen, HT Kaminski, MD Liu, XQ Stepp, PC Xie, YM Rosengart, AJ AF Chen, Haitao Kaminski, Michael D. Liu, Xianqiao Stepp, Patricia Caviness Xie, Yumei Rosengart, Axel J. BE Thanh, NTK TI Non-Invasive Magnetically Targeted tPA Delivery for Arterial Thrombolysis SO MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES: FROM FABRICATION TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; CARRIER PARTICLE CAPTURE; IN-VITRO; POLYSTYRENE MICROSPHERES; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); POLYMERIC MICELLES; PULSED ULTRASOUND; DRUG-DELIVERY; CLOT LYSIS; IRON-OXIDE C1 [Chen, Haitao] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Kaminski, Michael D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Xianqiao] DuPont Co Inc, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Stepp, Patricia Caviness] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Orthopard Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Xie, Yumei] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Neurol, Neurosci Intens Care Unit, New York, NY USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Neurosci, Neurosci Intens Care Unit, New York, NY USA. [Rosengart, Axel J.] New York Presbyterian Hosp, Weill Cornell Med Coll, Dept Neurosurg, Neurosci Intens Care Unit, New York, NY USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-6933-8; 978-1-4398-6932-1 PY 2012 BP 369 EP 385 D2 10.1201/b11760 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BC8QL UT WOS:000356001500016 ER PT B AU Gruen, DM AF Gruen, Dieter M. BE Rowe, DM TI Entropy Flow in Interactive Semiconductor/Metal Nanoensembles SO MATERIALS, PREPARATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IN THERMOELECTRICS SE Thermoelectrics and its Energy Harvesting LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILICON-CARBIDE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; CARBON NANOTUBES; BORON; GRAPHITE; NANOPARTICLES; SUBSTITUTION; HYDROCARBONS; SIMULATIONS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gruen, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7471-4; 978-1-4398-7470-7 J9 THERMOELECT ENERG PY 2012 BP H1 EP H19 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BC5UH UT WOS:000353577300009 ER PT B AU May, AF Snyder, GJ AF May, Andrew F. Snyder, G. Jeffrey BE Rowe, DM TI Introduction to Modeling Thermoelectric Transport at High Temperatures SO MATERIALS, PREPARATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION IN THERMOELECTRICS SE Thermoelectrics and its Energy Harvesting LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SKUTTERUDITES C1 [May, Andrew F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Snyder, G. Jeffrey] CALTECH, Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP May, AF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Snyder, G/I-2263-2015; Snyder, G. Jeffrey/E-4453-2011 OI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/0000-0003-1414-8682 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7471-4; 978-1-4398-7470-7 J9 THERMOELECT ENERG PY 2012 BP K1 EP K18 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BC5UH UT WOS:000353577300012 ER PT J AU Sobolik, SR Hadgu, T Rechard, RP Gaither, KN AF Sobolik, S. R. Hadgu, T. Rechard, R. P. Gaither, K. N. BE Berest, P Ghoreychi, M HadjHassen, F Tijani, M TI A risk assessment tool for gas migration interactions between wellbores and potash mines in SE New Mexico SO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SALT VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP MINES ParisTech, Geosciences & Geoengineering Res Dept, Ecole Polytechnique, Lab Solid Mech, Res Org Armines, ARKEMA, EDF, FLODIM, GEOSTOCK, KBB Underground Technologies GmbH, NOVACARB, PERSTORP, SOCON, STORENGY ID ROCK-SALT AB This paper presents the development of a risk assessment tool developed to mediate technical issues arising from the co-location of potash, oil and natural gas resources in the Delaware Basin in the southwestern United States, and the competing industrial interests in those resources. The risk assessment model focuses on the issue of potential natural gas migration from a leaking gas wellbore, through the geologic section, and into a potash mine. The framework of the risk assessment model is described, and example geomechanical calculations are presented which examine the effect of subsidence from a potash mine on nearby gas wellbore casings. C1 [Sobolik, S. R.; Hadgu, T.; Rechard, R. P.; Gaither, K. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sobolik, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62122-9 PY 2012 BP 263 EP 273 PG 11 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIE91 UT WOS:000327944000031 ER PT J AU Sobolik, SR Ehgartner, BL AF Sobolik, S. R. Ehgartner, B. L. BE Berest, P Ghoreychi, M HadjHassen, F Tijani, M TI Analyzing large pressure changes on the stability of large-diameter caverns using the M-D model SO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SALT VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP MINES ParisTech, Geosciences & Geoengineering Res Dept, Ecole Polytechnique, Lab Solid Mech, Res Org Armines, ARKEMA, EDF, FLODIM, GEOSTOCK, KBB Underground Technologies GmbH, NOVACARB, PERSTORP, SOCON, STORENGY AB This report presents a case study of how computational analyses may be used in conjunction with site data to advise site operations responding to a wellbore casing failure. The analyses performed in this report were in response to a borehole casing failure discovered at the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve's West Hackberry site. The intent of these calculations is to utilize high-performance geomechanical analyses to provide real-time support to field operations and assure cavern integrity. Additional analyses in this report demonstrate the capability to anticipate potential problems that may occur in the field, and plan operational procedures to prevent or mitigate negative consequences. C1 [Sobolik, S. R.; Ehgartner, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sobolik, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62122-9 PY 2012 BP 321 EP 329 PG 9 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIE91 UT WOS:000327944000037 ER PT J AU Park, BY Ehgartner, BL AF Park, B. Y. Ehgartner, B. L. BE Berest, P Ghoreychi, M HadjHassen, F Tijani, M TI Expansion analyses of strategic petroleum reserve in Bayou Choctaw-revised locations SO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SALT VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP MINES ParisTech, Geosciences & Geoengineering Res Dept, Ecole Polytechnique, Lab Solid Mech, Res Org Armines, ARKEMA, EDF, FLODIM, GEOSTOCK, KBB Underground Technologies GmbH, NOVACARB, PERSTORP, SOCON, STORENGY AB The U.S. Department of Energy had plans to leach two new caverns and convert one of the existing caverns within the Bayou Choctaw salt dome to expand its petroleum reserve storage capacity. The structural integrity of the three expansion caverns and the interaction between all the caverns in the dome are investigated through FEM analysis. The impacts of the expansion on underground creep closure, surface subsidence, infrastructure and well integrity are quantified. The three expansion caverns are predicted to be structurally stable against tensile failure. Dilatant failure is not expected within the vicinity of the expansion caverns. Damage to surface structures is not predicted and there is not a marked increase in surface strains due to the presence of the expansion caverns. The wells into the caverns should not undergo yield. The results show that from a structural viewpoint, the locations of the two newly proposed expansion caverns are acceptable. C1 [Park, B. Y.; Ehgartner, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Park, BY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62122-9 PY 2012 BP 331 EP 339 PG 9 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIE91 UT WOS:000327944000038 ER PT J AU Arguello, JG Rath, JS AF Argueello, J. Guadalupe Rath, Jonathan S. BE Berest, P Ghoreychi, M HadjHassen, F Tijani, M TI SIERRA mechanics for coupled multi-physics modeling of salt repositories SO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SALT VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP MINES ParisTech, Geosciences & Geoengineering Res Dept, Ecole Polytechnique, Lab Solid Mech, Res Org Armines, ARKEMA, EDF, FLODIM, GEOSTOCK, KBB Underground Technologies GmbH, NOVACARB, PERSTORP, SOCON, STORENGY AB The Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling & Simulation (NEAMS) Waste Integrated Performance & Safety Code (IPSC) project is tasked to develop the "next-generation" of computational tools to model nuclear waste repositories in order to quantitatively assess the long-term performance of a disposal (or a storage) system in an engineered/geologic environment. To achieve this goal, the Waste IPSC will incorporate three levels of model fidelity: constitutive relationships derived from mechanistic sub-continuum processes; high-fidelity continuum models; and moderate-fidelity Performance Assessment (PA) continuum models. The integration of modeling and simulation capabilities at these three levels of fidelity will derive from a combination of existing code acquisition and new code development. An effort on high-fidelity continuum modeling was undertaken to exercise the existing SIERRA Mechanics code suite. A series of simulations and their results will be presented and discussed herein to illustrate some of the capabilities available in SIERRA Mechanics for simulating salt repositories. C1 [Argueello, J. Guadalupe; Rath, Jonathan S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Struct Mech & Applicat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Arguello, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Struct Mech & Applicat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62122-9 PY 2012 BP 413 EP 423 PG 11 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIE91 UT WOS:000327944000046 ER PT J AU Clayton, DJ Arguello, JG Hardin, EL Hansen, FD Bean, JE AF Clayton, D. J. Argueello, J. G., Jr. Hardin, E. L. Hansen, F. D. Bean, J. E. BE Berest, P Ghoreychi, M HadjHassen, F Tijani, M TI Thermal-mechanical modeling of a generic high-level waste salt repository SO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SALT VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt CY APR 16-19, 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE SP MINES ParisTech, Geosciences & Geoengineering Res Dept, Ecole Polytechnique, Lab Solid Mech, Res Org Armines, ARKEMA, EDF, FLODIM, GEOSTOCK, KBB Underground Technologies GmbH, NOVACARB, PERSTORP, SOCON, STORENGY AB Coupled thermal-mechanical, three-dimensional, finite-element analyses were used to evaluate generic design concepts for a repository in salt, for spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste. This work used heat generation by spent nuclear fuel (SNF) typical of that presently stored at reactor sites in the U.S. For waste packages containing 4-PWR SNF assemblies, the results show peak temperatures within previously identified ranges acceptable for salt media. Peak temperatures and maximum backfill consolidation occur at the package-salt interface. Significant consolidation of the backfill, and closure of the mined opening, is projected to continue after peak temperatures are realized. For larger 21-PWR SNF packages, the peak temperature could approach 450 degrees C locally or lower, depending on the aging history of the fuel. This ongoing study suggests the feasibility of a SNF management strategy using decay storage and larger (e.g., 21-PWR) waste packages. C1 [Clayton, D. J.; Argueello, J. G., Jr.; Hardin, E. L.; Hansen, F. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Clayton, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-62122-9 PY 2012 BP 435 EP 439 PG 5 WC Mining & Mineral Processing SC Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIE91 UT WOS:000327944000048 ER PT S AU Le, YH Kurkure, U Paragios, N Ju, T Carson, JP Kakadiaris, IA AF Le, Yen H. Kurkure, Uday Paragios, Nikos Ju, Tao Carson, James P. Kakadiaris, Ioannis A. BE Ayache, N Delingette, H Golland, P Mori, K TI Similarity-Based Appearance-Prior for Fitting a Subdivision Mesh in Gene Expression Images SO MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION - MICCAI 2012, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) CY OCT 01-05, 2012 CL Nice, FRANCE SP GE HealthCare, Philips, Siemens, Canon Median, ERC MedYMA, Medtronic, Aviesan, Dosisoft, IHU Strasbourg, IRCAD France, Kitware, Microsoft Res DE segmentation; gene expression image; subdivision mesh ID MOUSE-BRAIN; TISSUE IMAGES; SEGMENTATION; REGISTRATION AB Automated segmentation of multi-part anatomical objects in images is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a similarity-based appearance-prior to fit a compartmental geometric atlas of the mouse brain in gene expression images. A subdivision mesh which is used to model the geometry is deformed using a Markov Random Field (MRF) framework. The proposed appearance-prior is computed as a function of the similarity between local patches at corresponding atlas locations from two images. In addition, we introduce a similarity-saliency score to select the mesh points that are relevant for the computation of the proposed prior. Our method significantly improves the accuracy of the atlas fitting, especially in the regions that are influenced by the selected similarity-salient points, and outperforms the previous subdivision mesh fitting methods for gene expression images. C1 [Le, Yen H.; Kurkure, Uday; Paragios, Nikos; Kakadiaris, Ioannis A.] Univ Houston, Computat Biomed Lab, Houston, TX USA. [Paragios, Nikos] Ecole Cent Paris, Ctr Visual Comp, Paris, France. [Ju, Tao] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO USA. [Carson, James P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Le, YH (reprint author), Univ Houston, Computat Biomed Lab, Houston, TX USA. OI Kakadiaris, Ioannis/0000-0002-0591-1079 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-33415-3; 978-3-642-33414-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7510 BP 577 EP 584 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Robotics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Robotics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BE3NU UT WOS:000371029500071 ER PT S AU Jiang, H Xu, SH Lau, FCM AF Jiang, Hao Xu, Songhua Lau, Francis C. M. BE Boonn, WW Liu, BJ TI Retrieving Biomedical Images through Content-Based Learning from Examples Using Fine Granularity SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2012: ADVANCED PACS-BASED IMAGING INFORMATICS AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Imaging - Advanced PACS-Based Imaging Informatics and Therapeutic Applications CY FEB 08-09, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Agilent Technol, Diamond SA, DQE Instruments, Inc, eMagin, Isuzu Glass Co Ltd, Medtron Inc, Ocean Thin Films Inc DE Biomedical image search; content-based image retrieval; learning from online examples AB Traditional content-based image retrieval methods based on learning from examples analyze and attempt to understand high-level semantics of an image as a whole. They typically apply certain case-based reasoning technique to interpret and retrieve images through measuring the semantic similarity or relatedness between example images and search candidate images. The drawback of such a traditional content-based image retrieval paradigm is that the summation of imagery contents in an image tends to lead to tremendous variation from image to image. Hence, semantically related images may only exhibit a small pocket of common elements, if at all. Such variability in image visual composition poses great challenges to content-based image retrieval methods that operate at the granularity of entire images. In this study, we explore a new content-based image retrieval algorithm that mines visual patterns of finer granularities inside a whole image to identify visual instances which can more reliably and generically represent a given search concept. We performed preliminary experiments to validate our new idea for content-based image retrieval and obtained very encouraging results. C1 [Jiang, Hao; Lau, Francis C. M.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Xu, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biomed Sci & Engn Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xus1@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8968-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2012 VL 8319 AR 83190M DI 10.1117/12.913765 PG 7 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BAN82 UT WOS:000304871200016 ER PT S AU Albrow, M Swiech, A Zurek, M AF Albrow, Michael Swiech, Artur Zurek, Maria CA CDF Collaboration BE Wronska, A Skibinski, R Guaraldo, C Kistryn, S Stroher, H TI Exclusive Central Meson Production in Proton Antiproton Collisions at the Tevatron SO MESON 2012 - 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON) CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2012 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, LNF, Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, IFJ PAN, EU project Hadron Phys 2, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Nowoczesna Elektronika, EPJ, CAEN, Krakow Business AB It has been known since the days of the Intersecting Storage Rings, ISR, at CERN, that one can have pp interactions with more than one pomeron, P, exchanged, known as double pomeron exchange. Exclusive hadronic systems, produced by double pomeron exchange, D P E, have the potential of opening a rich new window on hadron spectroscopy and the diffraction mechanism. We have studied events of the type p + (p) over bar -> p + X + (p) over bar where X is a hadron pair (mostly pi(+)pi(-)) at root s = 900 GeV and 1960 GeV in the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). The hadron pair is central, y approximate to 0, and between two rapidity gaps Delta y approximate to 4. The dominant process is double pomeron exchange, D P E, with restrictions on the quantum numbers of X: Q = S = 0, C = + 1, J = 0 or 2. The mass spectra, with about 300K candidate events assumed to be pi(+)pi(-), shows strong resonant structures attributed to f(0) and f(2) states. We give the ratio of cross sections at root s = 900 GeV and 1960 GeV, and compare with Regge expectations. C1 [Albrow, Michael] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Swiech, Artur; Zurek, Maria] Jagiellonian Univ, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Albrow, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM albrow@fnal.gov; artur.swiech@uj.edu.pl; maria.zurek@uj.edu.pl NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 37 AR UNSP 06011 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20123706011 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB2XO UT WOS:000342466800065 ER PT S AU Allada, K AF Allada, Kalyan CA Hall-A E06-010 Collaboration BE Wronska, A Skibinski, R Guaraldo, C Kistryn, S Stroher, H TI Semi-inclusive DIS Experiments Using Transversely Polarized Targets in Hall-A: Current Results and Future Plans SO MESON 2012 - 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON) CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2012 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, LNF, Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, IFJ PAN, EU project HadronPhysics 2, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Nowoczesna Elektronika, EPJ, CAEN, Krakow Business ID JEFFERSON-LAB; SCATTERING AB Measurement of single (SSA) and double spin asymmetries (DSA) in semi-inclusive DIS reactions using polarized targets provide a powerful method to probe transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). In particular, the experimentally measured SSA on nucleon targets can help in extracting the transversity and Sivers distribution functions of u and d-quarks. Similarly, the measured DSA are sensitive to the quark spin-orbital correlations, and provide an access to the TMD parton distribution function (g(1T)). A recent experiment conducted in Hall-A Jefferson Lab using transversely polarized He-3 provide first such measurements on "effective" neutron target. The measurement was performed using 5.9 GeV beam from CEBAF and measured the target SSA/DSA in the SIDIS reaction He-3 (up arrow) (e, e' pi(+/-))X. The kinematical range, x = 0.19 +/- 0.34, at Q(2) = 1.77 similar to 2.73 (GeV/c)(2), was focused on the valence quark region. The results from this measurement along with our plans for future high precision measurements in Hall-A are presented. C1 [Allada, Kalyan; Hall-A E06-010 Collaboration] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Allada, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM kalyan@jlab.org NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 37 AR 01028 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20123701028 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB2XO UT WOS:000342466800028 ER PT S AU Burkert, VD AF Burkert, Volker D. CA CLAS Collaboration BE Wronska, A Skibinski, R Guaraldo, C Kistryn, S Stroher, H TI Evidence of new nucleon resonances from electromagnetic meson production SO MESON 2012 - 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON) CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2012 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, LNF, Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, IFJ PAN, EU project HadronPhysics 2, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Nowoczesna Elektronika, EPJ, CAEN, Krakow Business ID BARYON RESONANCES AB The study of nucleon resonances in electromagnetic meson production with the CLAS detector is discussed. The electromagnetic interaction is complementary to pion scattering in the exploration of the nucleon excitation spectrum. Higher mass states often decouple from the N pi channel and are not seen in pi N -> pi N. Photoproduction of mesons, such as K A, wp and eta' p may be more sensitive to many of these states. The CLAS detector, combined with the use of energy-tagged polarized photons and polarized electrons, as well as polarized targets and the measurement of recoil polarization, are the tools needed for a comprehensive nucleon resonance program. Some of the recently published high statistics data sets had significant impact on further clarifying the nucleon excitation spectrum. C1 [Burkert, Volker D.; CLAS Collaboration] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM burkert@jlab.org NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 37 AR 01017 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20123701017 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB2XO UT WOS:000342466800017 ER PT S AU Colangelo, G Passemar, E Stoffer, P AF Colangelo, Gilberto Passemar, Emilie Stoffer, Peter BE Wronska, A Skibinski, R Guaraldo, C Kistryn, S Stroher, H TI A Dispersive Treatment of K-l4 Decays SO MESON 2012 - 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON) CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2012 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, LNF, Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, IFJ PAN, EU project Hadron Phys 2, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Nowoczesna Elektronika, EPJ, CAEN, Krakow Business ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; PI; SCATTERING AB K-l4 are for several reasons an especially interesting decay channel of K mesons: K-l4 decays allow an accurate measurement of a combination of S -wave pi pi scattering lengths, one form factor of the decay is connected to the chiral anomaly and the decay is the best source for the determination of some low energy constants of ChPT. We present a dispersive approach to K-l4 decays, which takes rescattering effects fully into account. Some fits to NA48/2 and E865 measurements and results of the matching to ChPT are shown. C1 [Colangelo, Gilberto; Stoffer, Peter] Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, Albert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Passemar, Emilie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colangelo, G (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Theoret Phys, Albert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM stoffer@itp.unibe.ch FU `Innovations- und Kooperationsprojekt C-13' of the ` Schweizerische Universit " atskonferenz SUK/CRUS'; Swiss National Science Foundation FX The speaker (PS) thanks the local conference committee of the Jagiellonian University for the perfect organisation of the MESON2012 conference. We are very grateful to B. Bloch- Devaux for her support. We further thank J. Bijnens, J. Gasser, B. Kubis, S. Lanz, H. Leutwyler, S. Pislak and P. Tru " ol for useful discussions. The Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics is supported by the `Innovations- und Kooperationsprojekt C-13' of the ` Schweizerische Universit " atskonferenz SUK/CRUS'. This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 37 AR UNSP 05006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20123705006 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB2XO UT WOS:000342466800051 ER PT S AU Pasyuk, E AF Pasyuk, Eugene CA CLAS Collaboration BE Wronska, A Skibinski, R Guaraldo, C Kistryn, S Stroher, H TI Meson Photoproduction Experiments with CLAS SO MESON 2012 - 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON) CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2012 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, LNF, Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, IFJ PAN, EU project Hadron Phys 2, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Nowoczesna Elektronika, EPJ, CAEN, Krakow Business ID PION AB A large part of the experimental program in Hall B of the Jefferson Lab is dedicated to light baryon spectroscopy. Meson photoprodcution experiments are essential part of this program. CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and availability of circularly and linearly polarized tagged photon beams and frozen spin polarized targets provide unique conditions for this type of experiments. This combination of experimental tools gives a remarkable opportunity to measure double polarization observables for different pseudo-scalar meson photoproduction processes. For the first time, a complete or nearly complete measurement became possible and will facilitate model independent extraction of the reaction amplitude. An overview of the experimental program and its current status together with recent results on double polarization measurements in pi(+) photoproduction are presented. C1 [Pasyuk, Eugene; CLAS Collaboration] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pasyuk, E (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM pasyuk@jlab.org NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 37 AR 06013 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20123706013 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB2XO UT WOS:000342466800067 ER PT S AU Smith, ES AF Smith, Elton S. CA GlueX Collaboration BE Wronska, A Skibinski, R Guaraldo, C Kistryn, S Stroher, H TI GlueX: Photoproduction of Hybrid Mesons SO MESON 2012 - 12TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Meson Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON) CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2012 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, LNF, Ist Nazl Fisica Nucleare, IFJ PAN, EU project HadronPhysics 2, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Nowoczesna Elektronika, EPJ, CAEN, Krakow Business AB The goal of the GlueX experiment [1] is to provide critical data to help understand the soft gluonic field responsible for binding quarks in hadrons. Hybrid mesons, and in particular exotic hybrid mesons, provide the ideal laboratory for testing QCD in the confinement regime since these mesons explicitly manifest the gluonic degrees of freedom. Photoproduction is expected to be particularly effective in producing exotic hybrids but there is little data on the photoproduction of light mesons. GlueX will use the new 12-GeV electron beam to produce a 9-GeV beam of linearly polarized photons using the technique of coherent bremsstrahlung. A solenoid-based hermetic detector is under construction, which will be used to collect data on meson production and decays. These data will also be used to study the spectrum of conventional mesons, including the poorly understood excited vector mesons. This talk will describe the latest theoretical developments [2] to help understand how the data of hybrid mesons can provide insights into the fundamental theory of strong interactions. C1 [Smith, Elton S.; GlueX Collaboration] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Smith, ES (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM elton@jlab.org NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2012 VL 37 AR 01026 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20123701026 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB2XO UT WOS:000342466800026 ER PT J AU Vulimiri, SV Pachkowski, B Bale, AS Sonawane, B AF Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V. Pachkowski, Brian Bale, Ambuja S. Sonawane, Babasaheb BE Roessner, U TI Metabolomics Approach for Hazard Identification in Human Health Assessment of Environmental Chemicals SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; RAT-LIVER; IN-VIVO; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PATTERN-RECOGNITION C1 [Vulimiri, Suryanarayana V.; Bale, Ambuja S.; Sonawane, Babasaheb] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Pachkowski, Brian] Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Washington, DC USA. RP Vulimiri, SV (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0046-1 PY 2012 BP 349 EP 364 D2 10.5772/1237 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BE9OS UT WOS:000377981900016 ER PT B AU Knope, KE Cahill, CL AF Knope, Karah E. Cahill, Christopher L. BE Clearfield, A Demadis, K TI Uranyl Phosphonates: A Structural Survey SO METAL PHOSPHONATE CHEMISTRY: FROM SYNTHESIS TO APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; URANIUM(VI) CARBOXYPHOSPHONATES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; U6+ MINERALS; COMPLEXES; PHENYLPHOSPHONATE C1 [Knope, Karah E.; Cahill, Christopher L.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Knope, Karah E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Knope, KE (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84973-356-4; 978-1-84973-357-1 PY 2012 BP 586 EP 606 D2 10.1039/9781849733571 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BA8NM UT WOS:000338320500019 ER PT B AU Orville, AM AF Orville, Allen M. BE Tschesche, H TI Single-crystal spectroscopy correlated with X-ray crystallography provides complementary perspectives on macromolecular function SO METHODS IN PROTEIN BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHOTOACTIVE YELLOW PROTEIN; UV-VIS SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION-DAMAGE; METAL SITES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONMONOXY MYOGLOBIN; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALS; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Orville, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-11-025236-1; 978-3-11-025233-0 PY 2012 BP 143 EP 164 PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BD9ET UT WOS:000364538900010 ER PT B AU Makowski, L Makarov, OA Xu, SL Fischetti, RF AF Makowski, Lee Makarov, Oleg A. Xu, Shenglan Fischetti, Robert F. BE Tschesche, H TI Wide-angle X-ray solution scattering (WAXS) SO METHODS IN PROTEIN BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER NANODISCS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; FLEXIBLE PROTEINS; HEMOGLOBIN; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CONFORMATIONS; DIVERSITY; ENSEMBLES C1 [Makowski, Lee] Northeastern Univ, Dana Res Ctr, Chem Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Makarov, Oleg A.] Natl Inst Gen Med Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Makarov, Oleg A.; Xu, Shenglan] NCI, Collaborat Access Team, Biosci Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fischetti, Robert F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Makowski, L (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dana Res Ctr, Chem Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rfischetti@anl.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-11-025236-1; 978-3-11-025233-0 PY 2012 BP 165 EP 185 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BD9ET UT WOS:000364538900011 ER PT B AU Wang, MR AF Wang, Moran BE Mitra, SK Chakraborty, S TI Microscale Gas Flow Dynamics and Molecular Models for Gas Flow and Heat Transfer SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS HANDBOOK: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, AND LIFE SCIENCE PRINCIPLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSISTENT BOLTZMANN ALGORITHM; SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; MICROCHANNELS; EQUATION; FLUID; ERROR C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1677-6; 978-1-4398-1676-9 PY 2012 BP 33 EP 48 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BC7PK UT WOS:000355135600003 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, PP Kang, QJ AF Mukherjee, Partha P. Kang, Qinjun BE Mitra, SK Chakraborty, S TI Electrodics in Electrochemical Energy Conversion Systems: Microstructure and Pore-Scale Transport SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS HANDBOOK: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, AND LIFE SCIENCE PRINCIPLES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM-LOADING ELECTRODES; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LATTICE BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; SERIAL SECTION DATA; POROUS-MEDIA; CATALYST LAYER; IMMISCIBLE DROPLET; MODEL C1 [Mukherjee, Partha P.; Kang, Qinjun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1677-6; 978-1-4398-1676-9 PY 2012 BP 213 EP 252 PG 40 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BC7PK UT WOS:000355135600009 ER PT B AU Kumar, A Williams, SJ Green, NG Wereley, ST AF Kumar, Aloke Williams, Stuart J. Green, Nicolas G. Wereley, Steven T. BE Mitra, SK Chakraborty, S TI Optoelectric Particle Manipulation SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS HANDBOOK: FABRICATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC-DISPERSION; INDUCED FLUID-FLOW; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION; DOUBLE-LAYER; ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION; LATEX SPHERES; CRYSTALS; MOTION C1 [Kumar, Aloke; Wereley, Steven T.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kumar, Aloke; Wereley, Steven T.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kumar, Aloke] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Williams, Stuart J.] Univ Louisville, Sch Mech Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Green, Nicolas G.] Univ Southampton, Sch Elect & Comp Sci, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1673-8; 978-1-4398-1672-1 PY 2012 BP 391 EP 414 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BC7NI UT WOS:000355010700014 ER PT J AU Alushin, GM Lander, GC Nogales, E AF Alushin, G. M. Lander, G. C. Nogales, E. TI The structural basis of microtubule dynamics SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alushin, G. M.; Nogales, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mol & Cell Biol, HHMI, Berkeley, CA USA. [Lander, G. C.; Nogales, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1204 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348604019 ER PT J AU Barreto, S Clausen, CH Perrault, CM Fletcher, DA Lacroix, D AF Barreto, S. Clausen, C. H. Perrault, C. M. Fletcher, D. A. Lacroix, D. TI Changes in Cellular Mechanical Properties Following Cytoskeleton Components Disruption. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Barreto, S.; Perrault, C. M.; Lacroix, D.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Barreto, S.; Perrault, C. M.; Lacroix, D.] Inst Bioengn Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. [Clausen, C. H.; Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clausen, C. H.; Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clausen, C. H.; Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Perrault, Cecile/A-2982-2011 OI Perrault, Cecile/0000-0003-2230-6994 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1742 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348605110 ER PT J AU Becker-Weimann, S Tang, J Kumar, J Bissell, MJ Costes, SV AF Becker-Weimann, S. Tang, J. Kumar, J. Bissell, M. J. Costes, S. V. TI Acinus Formation and Phenotypic Reversion Result from a Functioning Interaction Between Cells and the Basement Membrane in an Agent Based Model. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Becker-Weimann, S.; Tang, J.; Kumar, J.; Bissell, M. J.; Costes, S. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1677 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348605046 ER PT J AU Bilgin, CC Kim, S Chang, H Han, J Fontenay, G Parvin, B AF Bilgin, C. C. Kim, S. Chang, H. Han, J. Fontenay, G. Parvin, B. TI Molecular basis of Morphogenesis in Multicellular Systems via High Content Screening. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bilgin, C. C.; Kim, S.; Chang, H.; Han, J.; Fontenay, G.; Parvin, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2510 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607395 ER PT J AU Bruni-Cardoso, A Bissell, MJ AF Bruni-Cardoso, A. Bissell, M. J. TI Laminin-induced quiescence of breast epithelial cells is mediated by rapid decrease of nuclear actin. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bruni-Cardoso, A.; Bissell, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Canc & DNA Damage Responses Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1671 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348605040 ER PT J AU Correia, A Mori, H Chen, EI Schmitt, FC Bissell, MJ AF Correia, A. Mori, H. Chen, E. I. Schmitt, F. C. Bissell, M. J. TI The hemopexin but not the catalytic domain of Mmp3 is required for epithelial mammary invasion and branching morphogenesis. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Correia, A.; Mori, H.; Bissell, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Correia, A.] Univ Porto, Abel Salazar Inst Biomed Sci ICBAS, GABBA, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Chen, E. I.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Schmitt, F. C.] Univ Porto, Fac Med, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Schmitt, F. C.] Univ Porto, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 486 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348602121 ER PT J AU Endres, NF Das, R Smith, A Arkhipov, A Kovacs, E Huang, Y Pelton, J Shan, Y Shaw, DE Wemmer, D Groves, J Kuriyan, J AF Endres, N. F. Das, R. Smith, A. Arkhipov, A. Kovacs, E. Huang, Y. Pelton, J. Shan, Y. Shaw, D. E. Wemmer, D. Groves, J. Kuriyan, J. TI Conformational Coupling Across the Plasma Membrane in Activation of the EGF receptor. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Endres, N. F.; Das, R.; Kovacs, E.; Huang, Y.; Pelton, J.; Wemmer, D.; Kuriyan, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3, Berkeley, CA USA. [Endres, N. F.; Das, R.; Kovacs, E.; Huang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. [Smith, A.; Wemmer, D.; Groves, J.; Kuriyan, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem, Berkeley, CA USA. [Arkhipov, A.; Shan, Y.; Shaw, D. E.] DE Shaw Res, New York, NY USA. [Shaw, D. E.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. [Wemmer, D.; Groves, J.; Kuriyan, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, J.; Kuriyan, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 686 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348602319 ER PT J AU Furuta, S Lee, SY Meier, R Lenburg, ME Kenny, PA Xu, R Bissell, MJ AF Furuta, S. Lee, S-Y Meier, R. Lenburg, M. E. Kenny, P. A. Xu, R. Bissell, M. J. TI FAM83A confers EGFR-TKI resistance in breast cancer SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Furuta, S.; Bissell, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Canc & DNA Damage Repair, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, S-Y] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Busan, South Korea. [Meier, R.] Sanofi Aventis, Geneva, Switzerland. [Lenburg, M. E.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Kenny, P. A.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Xu, R.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Mol & Biomed Pharmacol, Lexington, KY USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2403 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607289 ER PT J AU Garbe, JC Pepin, F Pelissier, F Sputova, K Petersen, OW Park, M Borowsky, AD Stampfer, MR LaBarge, MA AF Garbe, J. C. Pepin, F. Pelissier, F. Sputova, K. Petersen, O. W. Park, M. Borowsky, A. D. Stampfer, M. R. LaBarge, M. A. TI Aging-related changes make mammary epithelia more vulnerable to cancer: a story of altered stem cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Garbe, J. C.; Pepin, F.; Pelissier, F.; Sputova, K.; Stampfer, M. R.; LaBarge, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Petersen, O. W.] Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Struct Cell Biol, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Park, M.] McGill Univ, Dept Biochem, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Borowsky, A. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1674 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348605043 ER PT J AU Ghajar, CM Peinado, H Mori, H Matei, IR Brazier, H Chen, EI Lyden, DC Bissell, MJ AF Ghajar, C. M. Peinado, H. Mori, H. Matei, I. R. Brazier, H. Chen, E. I. Lyden, D. C. Bissell, M. J. TI Regulation of breast tumor dormancy by the perivascular niche. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ghajar, C. M.; Mori, H.; Bissell, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Peinado, H.; Matei, I. R.; Brazier, H.; Lyden, D. C.] Weill Cornell Med Coll, New York, NY USA. [Chen, E. I.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 864 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348603053 ER PT J AU Gifford, L Adams, P Fratczak, Z Gabanyi, M Haas, J McLaughlin, W Micallef, D Minor, W Shah, R Schwede, T Tao, YP Westbrook, J Zimmerman, M Berman, H AF Gifford, L. Adams, P. Fratczak, Z. Gabanyi, M. Haas, J. McLaughlin, W. Micallef, D. Minor, W. Shah, R. Schwede, T. Tao, Y-P. Westbrook, J. Zimmerman, M. Berman, H. TI PSI Structural Biology Knowledgebase: New Ways to Enable Your Research. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gifford, L.; Adams, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fratczak, Z.; Minor, W.; Zimmerman, M.] Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Gabanyi, M.; Micallef, D.; Shah, R.; Tao, Y-P.; Westbrook, J.; Berman, H.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Haas, J.; Schwede, T.] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [McLaughlin, W.] Commonwealth Med Coll, Scranton, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2495 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607380 ER PT J AU Greene, AC Lord, SJ Groves, JT AF Greene, A. C. Lord, S. J. Groves, J. T. TI Spatial Organization of EphA2 and its effects on internalization and signaling in living cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Greene, A. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Greene, A. C.; Lord, S. J.; Groves, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lord, S. J.; Groves, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 691 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348602324 ER PT J AU Han, HJ Yang, F Camp, DG Smith, RD Kohwi-Shigematsu, T AF Han, H-J. Yang, F. Camp, D. G. Smith, R. D. Kohwi-Shigematsu, T. TI An embryonic stem cell factor essential for maintenance of self-renewal regulates PRC2 target genes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Han, H-J.; Kohwi-Shigematsu, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, F.; Camp, D. G.; Smith, R. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2333 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607220 ER PT J AU Hartman, KL Biswas, KH Yu, CH Harrison, OJ Smith, AW Lin, WC Shapiro, L Honig, B Groves, JT AF Hartman, K. L. Biswas, K. H. Yu, C-H. Harrison, O. J. Smith, A. W. Lin, W-C. Shapiro, L. Honig, B. Groves, J. T. TI Studying E-cadherin mediated cell-cell junction formation using supported lipid bilayers. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hartman, K. L.; Groves, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hartman, K. L.; Biswas, K. H.; Yu, C-H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Mechanobiol Inst, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Harrison, O. J.; Shapiro, L.; Honig, B.] Columbia Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, New York, NY USA. [Harrison, O. J.; Honig, B.] Columbia Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Smith, A. W.; Lin, W-C.; Groves, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, A. W.; Groves, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, A. W.; Groves, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shapiro, L.] Columbia Univ, Edward S Harkness Eye Inst, New York, NY USA. [Honig, B.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Computat Biol & Bioinformat, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1332 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348604148 ER PT J AU Houser, J Jose, J Hayden, CC Lafer, EM Stachowiak, JC AF Houser, J. Jose, J. Hayden, C. C. Lafer, E. M. Stachowiak, J. C. TI Exploring the Role of Protein-Protein Crowding in Clathrin Mediated Endocytosis. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Houser, J.; Jose, J.; Stachowiak, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Hayden, C. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Lafer, E. M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 581 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348602215 ER PT J AU Katira, S Rangamani, P Benjamini, A Oster, G Smit, B AF Katira, S. Rangamani, P. Benjamini, A. Oster, G. Smit, B. TI Multiscale Modeling of Lipid Droplet Formation. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Katira, S.; Rangamani, P.; Benjamini, A.; Oster, G.; Smit, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. [Smit, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 946 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348603134 ER PT J AU Lander, GC Matyskiela, ME Martin, A Nogales, E AF Lander, G. C. Matyskiela, M. E. Martin, A. Nogales, E. TI Molecular mechanism for proteasomal recognition of ubiquitinated substrates described by CryoEM SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lander, G. C.; Nogales, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Matyskiela, M. E.; Martin, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 156 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348601156 ER PT J AU Liu, JS Farlow, JT Paulson, AK Labarge, MA Gartner, ZJ AF Liu, J. S. Farlow, J. T. Paulson, A. K. Labarge, M. A. Gartner, Z. J. TI Revealing the consequences of cell-to-cell variability in Ras activity on the collective behavior of mammary epithelial cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liu, J. S.; Farlow, J. T.; Paulson, A. K.; Gartner, Z. J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Labarge, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2354 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607241 ER PT J AU Mori, H Nelson, CM Alcaraz, J Ghajar, CM Seiki, M Bissell, MJ AF Mori, H. Nelson, C. M. Alcaraz, J. Ghajar, C. M. Seiki, M. Bissell, M. J. TI Non catalytic domains of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp14) are involved in mammary gland branching morphogenesis. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mori, H.; Ghajar, C. M.; Bissell, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nelson, C. M.] Princeton Univ, Chem & Biol Engn & Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Alcaraz, J.] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Seiki, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Canc Cell Res, Tokyo, Japan. RI Seiki, Motoharu/K-9443-2015; Alcaraz, Jordi/F-5513-2016 OI Alcaraz, Jordi/0000-0001-7898-1599 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2352 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607239 ER PT J AU Mori, H Borowsky, AD Bhat, R Ghajar, CM Seiki, M Bissell, MJ AF Mori, H. Borowsky, A. D. Bhat, R. Ghajar, C. M. Seiki, M. Bissell, M. J. TI Laser scanning-based tissue autofluorescence/fluorescence imaging (LS-TAFI), a new technique for analysis of microanatomy in whole mount tissues. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mori, H.; Bhat, R.; Ghajar, C. M.; Bissell, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Borowsky, A. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Seiki, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Canc Cell Res, Tokyo, Japan. RI Seiki, Motoharu/K-9443-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 759 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348602392 ER PT J AU Ounjai, P Kim, K Liu, H Dong, M Tauscher, AN Lo, A Witkowska, HE Downing, KH AF Ounjai, P. Kim, K. Liu, H. Dong, M. Tauscher, A. N. Lo, A. Witkowska, H. E. Downing, K. H. TI The Architecture of the Ciliary Partitioning System. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ounjai, P.; Kim, K.; Tauscher, A. N.; Lo, A.; Downing, K. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, H.; Witkowska, H. E.] UCSF, UCSF Sandler Moore Mass Spectrometry Core Facil, San Francisco, CA USA. [Dong, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 304 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348601304 ER PT J AU Pertsinidis, A Mukherjee, K Sharma, M Pang, Z Park, S Zhang, Y Brunger, A Sudhof, T Chu, S AF Pertsinidis, A. Mukherjee, K. Sharma, M. Pang, Z. Park, S. Zhang, Y. Brunger, A. Suedhof, T. Chu, S. TI Ultra-High Resolution Imaging Reveals Formation and Preponderance of neuronal SNARE/Munc18 Complexes in situ. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pertsinidis, A.] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Mukherjee, K.; Sharma, M.; Pang, Z.; Brunger, A.; Suedhof, T.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Park, S.; Zhang, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, S.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1705 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348605073 ER PT J AU Qian, S Zhang, Q Urban, VS O'Neill, HM Heller, WT AF Qian, S. Zhang, Q. Urban, V. S. O'Neill, H. M. Heller, W. T. TI Small Angle Neutron Scattering Study of Green Fluorescent Protein under Macromolecular Crowding: A Tale of Two Dimers. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Qian, S.; Zhang, Q.; Urban, V. S.; O'Neill, H. M.; Heller, W. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015 OI Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2520 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607405 ER PT J AU Rangamani, P Mandadapu, KK Oster, G AF Rangamani, P. Mandadapu, K. K. Oster, G. TI Intra membrane surface flow in response to protein induced spontaneous curvature. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rangamani, P.; Oster, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mandadapu, K. K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 532 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348602167 ER PT J AU Revyakin, A Zhang, Z Li, Y Coleman, R Chu, S Tjian, R AF Revyakin, A. Zhang, Z. Li, Y. Coleman, R. Chu, S. Tjian, R. TI Single-molecule dynamics of transcription by human RNA Polymerase II SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Coleman, R.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. [Chu, S.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2316 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607203 ER PT J AU Sivak, DA Crooks, GE AF Sivak, D. A. Crooks, G. E. TI Thermodynamic Metrics and Optimal Perturbation Paths. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sivak, D. A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Syst & Synthet Biol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Crooks, G. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 957 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348603145 ER PT J AU Sridharan, DM Wilson, WC Whalen, MK Pluth, JM AF Sridharan, D. M. Wilson, W. C. Whalen, M. K. Pluth, J. M. TI Persistent ATF2 Signaling is a Potential Determinate of Cell Fate post Radiation Exposure. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sridharan, D. M.; Wilson, W. C.; Whalen, M. K.; Pluth, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Canc & DNA Damage Response, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1512 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348604328 ER PT J AU Still, S Sivak, DA Bell, AJ Crooks, GE AF Still, S. Sivak, D. A. Bell, A. J. Crooks, G. E. TI The Thermodynamics of Prediction. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Still, S.] Univ Hawaii, Informat & Comp Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sivak, D. A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Syst & Synthet Biol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bell, A. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Redwood Ctr Theoret Neurosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crooks, G. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 956 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348603144 ER PT J AU Tang, JH Lowe, AR Yassif, JM Weis, K Liphardt, JT AF Tang, J. H. Lowe, A. R. Yassif, J. M. Weis, K. Liphardt, J. T. TI Importin-beta and Ran regulate the passive permeability barrier in the nuclear pore complex. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tang, J. H.; Yassif, J. M.; Liphardt, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lowe, A. R.; Liphardt, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lowe, A. R.; Weis, K.; Liphardt, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lowe, A. R.; Liphardt, J. T.] Bay Area Phys Sci Oncol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA. [Weis, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liphardt, J. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 566 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348602201 ER PT J AU Tanner, K Orellana, W Chen, E Bissell, MJ AF Tanner, K. Orellana, W. Chen, E. Bissell, M. J. TI Regulation of cell- generated forces during phenotypic reversion by a novel laminin chain in 3D culture of human breast tumor cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tanner, K.; Orellana, W.; Bissell, M. J.] LBNL, Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Tanner, K.; Orellana, W.] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Chen, E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Sch Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Chen, E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Prote Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2144 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607031 ER PT J AU Turk, E Wills, A Howes, S Nogales, E Wallingford, J Stearns, T AF Turk, E. Wills, A. Howes, S. Nogales, E. Wallingford, J. Stearns, T. TI Characterization of eta-tubulin: the final member of the vertebrate tubulin family. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Turk, E.; Stearns, T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wills, A.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Howes, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Grad Program, Berkeley, CA USA. [Nogales, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nogales, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA USA. [Wallingford, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Stearns, T.] Stanford Sch Med, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 296 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348601296 ER PT J AU Venugopalan, G Tanner, K Orellana, W Reber, CD Bissell, MJ Fletcher, DA AF Venugopalan, G. Tanner, K. Orellana, W. Reber, C. D. Bissell, M. J. Fletcher, D. A. TI Externally applied forces can phenotypically revert malignant breast epithelial structures. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Venugopalan, G.; Reber, C. D.; Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tanner, K.; Orellana, W.; Bissell, M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tanner, K.; Orellana, W.] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 1673 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348605042 ER PT J AU Webster, KD Ng, W Fletcher, DA AF Webster, K. D. Ng, W. Fletcher, D. A. TI Regulation of cellular tension: Does the cell have a contractile setpoint? SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Webster, K. D.; Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys, Berkeley, CA USA. [Ng, W.; Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Bioengn, Berkeley, CA USA. [Fletcher, D. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2025 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348606134 ER PT J AU Yui, Y Bainer, R Lakins, J Mumenthaler, S Mallick, P Bilgin, C Parvin, B Weaver, VM AF Yui, Y. Bainer, R. Lakins, J. Mumenthaler, S. Mallick, P. Bilgin, C. Parvin, B. Weaver, V. M. TI Self-Assembling Peptide Gels Enable Comprehensive Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Cellular Responses to Extracellular Stiffness Cues in 3D. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yui, Y.; Bainer, R.; Lakins, J.; Weaver, V. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, San Francisco, CA USA. [Yui, Y.; Bainer, R.; Lakins, J.; Weaver, V. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Bioengn & Tissue Regenerat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Yui, Y.; Bainer, R.; Lakins, J.; Weaver, V. M.] Bay Area Phys Sci Oncol Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Mumenthaler, S.; Mallick, P.] Univ So Calif, Ctr Appl Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bilgin, C.; Parvin, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weaver, V. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Helen Diller Comprehens Canc Ctr, Eli & Edythe Broad Ctr Regenerat Med & Stem Cell, Dept Anat,Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 EI 1939-4586 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PY 2012 VL 23 MA 2140B927 PG 2 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V38MX UT WOS:000209348607027 ER PT J AU Aaron, JS Timlin, JA AF Aaron, Jesse S. Timlin, Jerilyn A. BE Ceresa, B TI Advanced Optical Imaging of Endocytosis SO MOLECULAR REGULATION OF ENDOCYTOSIS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERNAL-REFLECTION FLUORESCENCE; CLATHRIN-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; PHOTOACTIVATED LOCALIZATION MICROSCOPY; INDIVIDUAL INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED CLATHRIN; STED MICROSCOPY; STIMULATED-EMISSION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; COATED PITS; RECONSTRUCTION MICROSCOPY C1 [Aaron, Jesse S.; Timlin, Jerilyn A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aaron, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 107 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-51-0662-3 PY 2012 BP 93 EP 122 DI 10.5772/45890 D2 10.5772/2989 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BE9NC UT WOS:000377867700006 ER PT S AU Wixtrom, AI Buhler, JE Reece, CE Abdel-Fattah, TM AF Wixtrom, Alex I. Buhler, Jessica E. Reece, Charles E. Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Electrochemical Polishing Applications and EIS of a Novel Choline Chloride-based Ionic Liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID NIOBIUM AB Minimal surface roughness is a critical feature for high-field superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities used to engineer particle accelerators. Current methods for polishing Niobium cavities typically utilize solutions containing a mixture of concentrated sulfuric and hydrofluoric acid. Polishing processes such as these are effective, yet there are many hazards and costs associated with the use (and safe disposal) of the concentrated acid solutions. An alternative method for electrochemical polishing of the cavities was explored using a novel ionic liquid solution containing choline chloride. Potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to analyze the ionic polishing solution. Final surface roughness of the Nb was found to be comparable to that of the acid-polishing method, as assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). This indicates that ionic liquid-based electrochemical polishing of Nb is a viable replacement for acid-based methods for preparation of SRF cavities. C1 [Wixtrom, Alex I.; Buhler, Jessica E.; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M.] Christopher Newport Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Wixtrom, Alex I.; Buhler, Jessica E.; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M.] Christopher Newport Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Chem, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Reece, Charles E.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Abdel-Fattah, TM (reprint author), Christopher Newport Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM fattah@cnu.edu FU NSF [0959807] FX This research was conducted at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Christopher Newport University, Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry. We would also like to acknowledge Surface Characterization Lab of College of William and Mary at Applied Research Center - Jefferson Lab, Newport News for the use of their characterization equipment. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from NSF award no. 0959807. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1149/05011.0199ecst PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200022 ER PT S AU Redkin, A Apisarov, A Dedyukhin, A Kovrov, V Zaikov, Y Tkacheva, O Hryn, J AF Redkin, A. Apisarov, A. Dedyukhin, A. Kovrov, V. Zaikov, Yu. Tkacheva, O. Hryn, J. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Recent Developments in Low-Temperature Electrolysis of Aluminum SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID LOW-MELTING ELECTROLYTES; POTASSIUM CRYOLITE; INERT ANODES; SOLUBILITY; SYSTEMS; CORROSION; FLUORIDE AB Recent developments in the field of low-temperature electrolytes and electrolysis are reviewed. Although no fundamental problems with low-temperature aluminum electrolysis development as an industrial process have been identified, challenges remain in cell design, construction, and operation of cells with these emerging technologies. C1 [Redkin, A.; Apisarov, A.; Dedyukhin, A.; Kovrov, V.; Zaikov, Yu.] Inst High Temp Electrochem, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. [Tkacheva, O.; Hryn, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Redkin, A (reprint author), Inst High Temp Electrochem, Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. RI Dedyukhin, Alexander/B-4333-2016 OI Dedyukhin, Alexander/0000-0001-7159-1184 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Industrial Technologies Program with Recovery Act funds (CPS) [18992]; UChicago Argonne; LLC; Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"); U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Russian Foundation of Basic Research [11-03-00277-a] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work is based on a project funded by the Industrial Technologies Program with Recovery Act funds (CPS Agreement # 18992). The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. Russian part of this work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research grant 11-03-00277-a. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1149/05011.0205ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200023 ER PT S AU Wixtrom, AI Buhler, JE Reece, CE Abdel-Fattah, T AF Wixtrom, Alex I. Buhler, Jessica E. Reece, Charles E. Abdel-Fattah, Tarek BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Electrochemical Deposition of Niobium onto the Surface of Copper Using a Novel Choline Chloride-based Ionic Liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co AB Recent research has shown that choline chloride-based solutions can be used to replace acid-based electrochemical polishing solutions. In this study niobium metal was successfully deposited on the surface of copper substrate via electrochemical deposition using a novel choline chloride-based ionic liquid. The niobium metal used for deposition on the Cu had been dissolved in the solution from electrochemical polishing of a solid niobium piece prior to the deposition. The visible coating on the surface of the Cu was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). This deposition method effectively recycles previously dissolved niobium from electrochemical polishing. C1 [Wixtrom, Alex I.; Buhler, Jessica E.; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek] Christopher Newport Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Wixtrom, Alex I.; Buhler, Jessica E.; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek] Christopher Newport Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Chem, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Reece, Charles E.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wixtrom, AI (reprint author), Christopher Newport Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM alex.wixtrom.07@cnu.edu; fattah@cnu.edu FU NSF [0959807] FX This research was conducted at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Christopher Newport University, Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry. We would also like to acknowledge Surface Characterization Lab of College of William and Mary at Applied Research Center - Jefferson Lab, Newport News for the use of their characterization equipment. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from NSF award no. 0959807. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1149/05011.0225ecst PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200026 ER PT S AU Damiano, BT Wixtrom, ASAI Abdel-Fattah, TM AF Damiano, Brad T. Wixtrom, Alex Shenenberger Alex I. Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Electrochemical Deposition of Cobalt onto the Surface of Copper Using a Choline Chloride-Based Ionic Liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co AB This study involved the deposition of black cobalt onto the surface of a copper substrate using a choline chloride-based ionic liquid. The solution used for electro-deposition contained a 2: 1 molar ratio of ethylene glycol and choline chloride, containing CoCl2. Depositions were performed for 30 minutes, with the solution kept at a constant temperature of 70 degrees C. The black Co coating on the surface of the Cu substrate was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). This ionic liquid-based electrochemical deposition process could be used as an inexpensive method for solar power generation. C1 [Damiano, Brad T.; Wixtrom, Alex Shenenberger Alex I.; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M.] Christopher Newport Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Abdel-Fattah, TM (reprint author), Christopher Newport Univ, Appl Res Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM fattah@cnu.edu FU NSF [0959807] FX This research was conducted at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Christopher Newport University, Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry. We would also like to acknowledge Surface Characterization Lab of College of William and Mary at Applied Research Center - Jefferson Lab, Newport News for the use of their characterization equipment. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from NSF award no. 0959807. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1149/05011.0277ecst PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200031 ER PT S AU Roeper, DF Cheek, GT Pandya, KI O'Grady, WE AF Roeper, D. F. Cheek, G. T. Pandya, K. I. O'Grady, W. E. BE Reichert, WM Mantz, RA Trulove, PC Ispas, A Fox, DM Mizuhata, M DeLong, HC Bund, A TI Cyclic Voltammetry and XAS Studies of Transition Metal Chlorides in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methyl Imidazolium Chloride/Aluminum Chloride SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 18 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids as part of the 222nd Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Koei Chem Co ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALT; GAS-PHASE; NICKEL; ALLOYS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; EXAFS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CHLOROALUMINATE; SPECTROSCOPY; BEHAVIOR AB Anhydrous nickel, niobium and tantalum chlorides were studied with cyclic voltammetry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in acidic and basic aluminum chloride/1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquids. Nickel chloride in an acidic melt displays metal stripping peaks which are not observed in the basic melt. XAS analysis shows that the nickel is tetrahedrally coordinated in the basic melt while in the acidic melt, it is coordinated by 6 chloride ions that are also associated with aluminum ions. For Nb2Cl10, the XAS data shows that the Nb has a coordination shell of 5 in both the acidic and basic melts, indicating that the Nb2Cl10 breaks up into two NbCl5 entities in both melts. For Ta2Cl10 in the acidic melt, the tantalum has five chlorides in its coordination shell. In the basic solution, the tantalum is coordinated by 7 chlorides. This indicates that the Lewis acidity of the tantalum chloride causes the Ta to coordinate differently in the acidic and the basic ionic liquids. C1 [Roeper, D. F.] Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Cheek, G. T.; O'Grady, W. E.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Pandya, K. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, SAIC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [O'Grady, W. E.] US Navy, Res Lab, Div Chem, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Roeper, DF (reprint author), Excet Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. FU Office of Naval Research; American Society for Engineering Education; U. S Department of Energy; Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research, the American Society for Engineering Education and the U. S Department of Energy. This research was carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-359-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 11 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1149/05011.0643ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BA8DY UT WOS:000338019200066 ER PT B AU Naulleau, P AF Naulleau, Patrick BE Cabrini, S Kawata, S TI Optical Lithography SO NANOFABRICATION HANDBOOK LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IMMERSION LITHOGRAPHY; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; PERFORMANCE C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-9053-6; 978-1-4200-9052-9 PY 2012 BP 127 EP 139 D2 10.1201/b11626 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BC8DG UT WOS:000355554700007 ER PT S AU Cheng, GM Jian, WW Xu, WZ Zhang, YF Millett, PC Zhu, YT AF Cheng, G. M. Jian, W. W. Xu, W. Z. Zhang, Y. F. Millett, P. C. Zhu, Y. T. BE Faester, S Hansen, N Huang, X Juul Jensen, D Ralph, B TI DISLOCATIONS WITH EDGE COMPONENTS IN NANOCRYSTALLINE BCC METAL SO NANOMETALS - STATUS AND PERSPECTIVE SE Riso International Symposium on Material Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Riso International Symposium on Materials Science CY SEP 03-07, 2012 CL Roskilde, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Wind Energy, Civilingenior Fredenik Leth Christiansens Almennyttige Fond, Danish Natl Res Fdn, Fabrikant Mads Clausens Fond, Knud Hojgaards Fond, Kraks Fond, Otto Monsteds Fond ID HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SCREW DISLOCATIONS; NANOSTRUCTURED METALS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ULTRAFINE GRAIN; CORE STRUCTURE; MOLYBDENUM; DUCTILITY; SIMULATIONS AB We report grain size effect on the densities of edge and mixed dislocations in nanocrystalline Mo prepared by high-pressure torsion: with decreasing grain size the density first increases and then decreases. The trend of grain size effect on the density of edge and mixed dislocations mirrors the reported grain size effect on the strain rate sensitivity of bcc metals, suggesting that the high density of edge and mixed dislocations contribute to the reduction of strain rate sensitivity. We also observed for the first time the 1/2 < 111 > and < 001 > pure edge dislocations under high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Crystallographic analysis and simulations reveal that the best way to study the edge dislocations or the edge components of mixed dislocations is to take HRTEM images along a < 110 > zone axis. The < 001 > pure edge dislocations can be easily identified from a < 100 >< 100 > zone axis. This work not only sheds light on the deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline bcc metals, but also provides guidance on future HRTEM studies of their dislocation structures. C1 [Cheng, G. M.; Jian, W. W.; Xu, W. Z.; Zhu, Y. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhang, Y. F.; Millett, P. C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fuels Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cheng, GM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Cheng, Guangming/F-8999-2010 OI Cheng, Guangming/0000-0001-5852-1341 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU RISO NATL LABORATORY PI ROSKILDE PA POSTBOX 49, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK SN 0907-0079 BN 978-87-92896-13-1 J9 RISO MAT SCI PY 2012 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BE3NL UT WOS:000371003300001 ER PT S AU Foiles, SM Holm, EA Olmsted, DL Rohrer, GS Rollett, AD AF Foiles, Stephen M. Holm, Elizabeth A. Olmsted, David L. Rohrer, Gregory S. Rollett, Anthony D. BE Faester, S Hansen, N Huang, X Juul Jensen, D Ralph, B TI IMPACT OF ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS ON UNDERSTANDING GRAIN GROWTH SO NANOMETALS - STATUS AND PERSPECTIVE SE Riso International Symposium on Material Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Riso International Symposium on Materials Science CY SEP 03-07, 2012 CL Roskilde, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Wind Energy, Civilingenior Fredenik Leth Christiansens Almennyttige Fond, Danish Natl Res Fdn, Fabrikant Mads Clausens Fond, Knud Hojgaards Fond, Kraks Fond, Otto Monsteds Fond ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BOUNDARY MIGRATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; FCC METALS; ENERGY; MOBILITY; PARAMETERS; NICKEL AB Understanding the evolution of grain microstructures is one of the central problems of materials science. This paper provides an overview of some recent efforts to use molecular dynamics simulation methods to obtain some of the fundamental interfacial properties that drive the evolution and also to directly examine grain evolution. The interfacial properties include the energy and free energy of the boundaries as well as the interfacial mobility. The reliability of the energy predictions is assessed by comparisons to recent determinations of grain boundary energy distributions and grain boundary character distributions. Finally, the direct simulation of the annealing of a nanocrystalline grain structure provides insights into the kinetics of nanocrystalline grain growth and suggests an explanation of grain growth stagnation. C1 [Foiles, Stephen M.; Holm, Elizabeth A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Olmsted, David L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rohrer, Gregory S.; Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Foiles, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU RISO NATL LABORATORY PI ROSKILDE PA POSTBOX 49, DK-4000 ROSKILDE, DENMARK SN 0907-0079 BN 978-87-92896-13-1 J9 RISO MAT SCI PY 2012 BP 15 EP 29 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BE3NL UT WOS:000371003300002 ER PT J AU Sorger, VJ Lanzillotti-Kimura, ND Ma, RM Zhang, X AF Sorger, Volker J. Lanzillotti-Kimura, Norberto D. Ma, Ren-Min Zhang, Xiang TI Ultra-compact silicon nanophotonic modulator with broadband response SO NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Modulator; silicon-on-insulator; ultra-compact AB Electro-optic modulators have been identified as the key drivers for optical communication and signal processing. With an ongoing miniaturization of photonic circuitries, an outstanding aim is to demonstrate an on-chip, ultra-compact, electro-optic modulator without sacrificing bandwidth and modulation strength. While silicon-based electro-optic modulators have been demonstrated, they require large device footprints of the order of millimeters as a result of weak non-linear electro-optical properties. The modulation strength can be increased by deploying a high-Q resonator, however with the trade-off of significantly sacrificing bandwidth. Furthermore, design challenges and temperature tuning limit the deployment of such resonance-based modulators. Recently, novel materials like graphene have been investigated for electro-optic modulation applications with a 0.1 dB per micrometer modulation strength, while showing an improvement over pure silicon devices, this design still requires device lengths of tens of micrometers due to the inefficient overlap between the thin graphene layer, and the optical mode of the silicon waveguide. Here we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact, silicon-based, electro-optic modulator with a record-high 1 dB per micrometer extinction ratio over a wide bandwidth range of 1 mu m in ambient conditions. The device is based on a plasmonic metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) waveguide, which efficiently concentrates the optical modes' electric field into a nanometer thin region comprised of an absorption coefficient- tuneable indium-tin-oxide (ITO) layer. The modulation mechanism originates from electrically changing the free carrier concentration of the ITO layer which dramatically increases the loss of this MOS mode. The seamless integration of such a strong optical beam modulation into an existing silicon-on-insulator platform bears significant potential towards broadband, compact and efficient communication links and circuits. C1 [Sorger, Volker J.; Lanzillotti-Kimura, Norberto D.; Ma, Ren-Min; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011; Lanzillotti Kimura, Norberto Daniel/C-2452-2008 OI Lanzillotti Kimura, Norberto Daniel/0000-0002-6056-5551 FU National Science Foundation Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSF-NSEC) [CMMI-0751621] FX We acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSF-NSEC) under award number CMMI-0751621. We further thank A. Salandrino and H. Suchowski for simulation support and technical support, respectively, and T. Zentgraf for helpful discussions. NR 23 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 7 U2 84 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2192-8606 EI 2192-8614 J9 NANOPHOTONICS-BERLIN JI Nanophotonics PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1515/nanoph-2012-0009 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA V31QI UT WOS:000208897700004 ER PT J AU Shen, SH Mao, SS AF Shen, Shaohua Mao, Samuel S. TI Nanostructure designs for effective solar-to-hydrogen conversion SO NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Review DE Solar hydrogen; photocatalyst; photoelectrode; water splitting AB Conversion of energy from photons in sunlight to hydrogen through solar splitting of water is an important technology. The rising significance of producing hydrogen from solar light via water splitting has motivated a surge of developing semiconductor solar-active nanostructures as photocatalysts and photoelectrodes. Traditional strategies have been developed to enhance solar light absorption (e.g., ion doping, solid solution, narrow-band-gap semiconductor or dye sensitization) and improve charge separation/transport to prompt surface reaction kinetics (e.g., semiconductor combination, co-catalyst loading, nanostructure design) for better utilizing solar energy. However, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is still limited. This article provides an overview of recently demonstrated novel concepts of nanostructure designs for efficient solar hydrogen conversion, which include surface engineering, novel nanostructured heterojunctions, and photonic crystals. Those first results outlined in the main text encouragingly point out the prominence and promise of these new concepts principled for designing high-efficiency electronic and photonic nanostructures that could serve for sustainable solar hydrogen production. C1 [Shen, Shaohua; Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssmao@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 149 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 58 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2192-8606 EI 2192-8614 J9 NANOPHOTONICS-BERLIN JI Nanophotonics PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 31 EP 50 DI 10.1515/nanoph-2012-0010 PG 20 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA V31QI UT WOS:000208897700006 ER PT J AU Singh, R Xiong, J Azad, AK Yang, H Trugman, SA Jia, QX Taylor, AJ Chen, HT AF Singh, Ranjan Xiong, Jie Azad, Abul K. Yang, Hao Trugman, Stuart A. Jia, Q. X. Taylor, Antoinette J. Chen, Hou-Tong TI Optical tuning and ultrafast dynamics of high-temperature superconducting terahertz metamaterials SO NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Metamaterials; terahertz; high-temperature superconductor; split-ring resonator; photoexcitation; ultrafast dynamics AB Through the integration of semiconductors or complex oxides into metal resonators, tunable metamaterials have been achieved by a change of environment using an external stimulus. Metals provide high conductivity to realize a strong resonant response in metamaterials; however, they contribute very little to the tunability. The complex conductivity in high-temperature superconducting films is highly sensitive to external perturbations, which provides new opportunities in achieving tunable metamaterials resulting directly from the resonant elements. Additionally, superconducting metamaterials are expected to enable strong nonlinear response and quantum effects, particularly when Josephson junctions are integrated into the metamaterial resonant elements. Here we demonstrate ultrafast dynamical tuning of resonance in the terahertz (THz) frequency range in YBa2Cu3O7-8 (YBCO) split-ring resonator (SRR) arrays excited by near infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The photoexcitation breaks the superconducting Cooper pairs to create quasiparticles. This dramatically modifies the imaginary part of the complex conductivity and consequently the metamaterial resonance on an ultrafast timescale, although the real conductivity does not change significantly. We observed resonance switching accompanied by substantial frequency tuning as a function of photoexcitation fluence, which also strongly depends on the nanoscale thickness of the superconducting films. All of our experimental results agree with calculations using an analytical model, which takes into account the contributions of the complex conductivity of the YBCO films to SRR resistance and kinetic inductance. The theoretical calculations reveal that the increasing SRR resistance upon increasing photoexcitation fluence is responsible for the reduction of resonance strength, and changes in both the resistance and kinetic inductance cause the resonance frequency shifts. C1 [Singh, Ranjan; Xiong, Jie; Azad, Abul K.; Yang, Hao; Trugman, Stuart A.; Jia, Q. X.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Chen, Hou-Tong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Xiong, Jie] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Films & Integrated Devic, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Yang, Hao] Soochow Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Thin Films, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ranjan@lanl.gov; chenht@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Chen, Hou-Tong/C-6860-2009; Singh, Ranjan/B-4091-2010 OI Chen, Hou-Tong/0000-0003-2014-7571; Singh, Ranjan/0000-0001-8068-7428 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We acknowledge support from the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Nanoscale Science Research Centre operated jointly by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 26 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2192-8606 EI 2192-8614 J9 NANOPHOTONICS-BERLIN JI Nanophotonics PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1515/nanoph-2012-0007 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA V31QI UT WOS:000208897700011 ER PT B AU Le, AP Gray, SK Nuzzo, RG Rogers, JA AF An-Phong Le Gray, Stephen K. Nuzzo, Ralph G. Rogers, John A. BE Dmitriev, A TI Functional Nanoimprinted Plasmonic Crystals for Chemical Sensing and Imaging SO NANOPLASMONIC SENSORS SE Integrated Analytical Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; COMPOSITE STAMPS AB We describe here nanoimprinted plasmonic crystals composed of highly uniform subwavelength metal nanohole and nanopost arrays and their application in surface-enhanced sensing and imaging. Soft nanoimprint lithography is a versatile, cost-effective method to precisely replicate these structures with well-characterized optical properties. These plasmonic crystals support multiple surface plasmon modes controlled by the design rules of the nanostructures, allowing us to optimize the devices for operation in a particular wavelength range. We have demonstrated the ability to spectroscopically measure bulk refractive index changes and mechanical deformation of hydrogels resulting from pH changes, thin film imaging with sensitivities down to submonolayer levels using a common optical microscope, and Raman signal enhancement using a single common device framework. These plasmonic crystals have the potential to overcome many of the technological limitations that have limited the widespread application and integration of surface-enhanced analytical techniques. C1 [An-Phong Le; Nuzzo, Ralph G.; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nuzzo, Ralph G.; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Rogers, JA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrogers@ad.uiuc.edu RI Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4614-3933-2; 978-1-4614-3932-5 J9 INTEGR ANAL SYST PY 2012 BP 199 EP 227 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-3933-2_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-3933-2 PG 29 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BC4GW UT WOS:000352512600010 ER PT B AU Packard, MM Shusteff, M Alocilja, EC AF Packard, Michelle M. Shusteff, Maxim Alocilja, Evangelyn C. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI On-Chip Dielectrophoretic Separation and Concentration of Viable, Non-Viable and Viable but Not Culturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE viable but not culturable (VBNC); Escherichia coli C3000; bacterial viability; ATP production; membrane integrity; metabolic capacity ID BACTERIA; SENESCENCE; WATER; DEATH AB Although bacterial culture remains the gold standard for detection of viable bacteria in environmental specimens, the typical time requirement of twenty-four hours can delay and even jeopardize appropriate public health intervention. In addition, culture is incapable of detecting viable but not culturable (VBNC) species. Conversely, nucleic acid and antibody-based methods greatly decrease time to detection but rarely characterize viability of the bacteria detected. Through selection by membrane permeability, the method described in this work employs positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) for separation and purification of viable and VBNC species from water and allows concentration of bacteria for downstream applications. C1 [Packard, Michelle M.; Alocilja, Evangelyn C.] Michigan State Univ, Nanobiosensors Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Shusteff, Maxim] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Packard, MM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Nanobiosensors Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM shusteff@llnl.gov; alocilja@msu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300006 ER PT B AU Willey, AD Holt, JM Larsen, BA Blackburn, JL Vanfleet, RR Davis, RC AF Willey, Anthony D. Holt, Josh M. Larsen, Brian A. Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Vanfleet, Richard R. Davis, Robert C. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Ultrasonic Spraying of Carbon Nanotubes using NMP SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE nanotubes; spraying; thin films; NMP ID SOLVENT AB We have developed a method for spraying smooth thin films of carbon nanotubes without the aid of surfactants. The nanotubes are suspended in N-methyl Pyrollidone (NMP) and sprayed onto a heated substrate using an ultrasonic spray nozzle that is rastered over the spray area. The resulting nanotube films are washed in NMP or water to remove residual impurities. The film thickness is controlled by the number of rasters, and is measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The films are then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their conductivity is measured. C1 [Willey, Anthony D.; Vanfleet, Richard R.; Davis, Robert C.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Holt, Josh M.; Larsen, Brian A.; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Willey, AD (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM davis@byu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 432 EP 435 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300112 ER PT B AU Crosby, JS Lucas, D Koshland, CP AF Crosby, J. S. Lucas, D. Koshland, C. P. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Fiber Optic Based Evanescent Wave Sensor for the Detection of Elemental Mercury Utilizing Gold Nanorods SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE mercury; gold nanoparticles; enviromental sensing; fiber optic evanscent wave sensor ID ABSORPTION; NANOPARTICLES AB Mercury is a well-studied neurotoxin that is of particular concern to infants and pregnant mothers. Nearly half of the anthropogenic mercury that is released into the environment comes from the combustion of fossil fuels, mostly coal to provide electrical power [1]. Additionally recent regulations in the United States have renewed focus on the monitoring and emissions of mercury from these large stationary combustion sources [2]. Current methods for mercury detection either do not have sufficient sensitivity for ambient measurements near sources or are complicated and costly [3]. We developed a fiber optic based sensor for the detection of atmospheric elemental mercury that uses gold nanoparticles as the sensing medium. Previous work established that the localized surface plasmon resonance peak blue-shifts when exposed to mercury in an aqueous environment, with the addition of a reducing agent [3][4]. Fiber optic evanescent sensors have been used as chemical and biological sensors [5] [6]. Combining these two results has allowed us to develop a stable mercury sensor with a sensitivity in the micrograms per cubic meter range, comparable to commercial sensors, at a fraction of the cost. C1 [Crosby, J. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lucas, D.] LBNL, Environm & Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Koshland, C. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Crosby, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM j.s.c.crosby@berkeley.edu; D_Lucas@lbl.gov; vptlaf@berkeley.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 627 EP 629 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300163 ER PT B AU Al-Karaghouli, A Hason, H Coplen, L AF Al-Karaghouli, A. Hason, H. Coplen, L. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Passive Solar Design Features for a Zero Energy Home in Babylon, Iraq SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE House; passive design; solar energy; thermal mass; earth tunnel ID ARID REGIONS; BUILDINGS; VENTILATION AB Babylon governorate in Iraq (located at 90 km south of Baghdad) is characterized by cold winters and very hot summers. Passive solar techniques could be easily adopted to provide energy-efficient thermal comfort year around. This will reduce the energy consumption and the impact on the environment, and will alleviate the discomfort of residents who have only limited or intermittent power supplies. Passive solar design is the key to sustainable building when it can reduce energy loads using techniques that use the sun's energy to heat a home in the cold winter, breezes to cool a home in the hot summer, and simple, logical design and construction strategies. Passive design can reduce temperature fluctuations, improve indoor air quality and make a home drier and more enjoyable to live in while reducing energy from external sources. Buildings with good passive strategies are not difficult to design or expensive to build, but they require common sense in working with the environment at hand. The key elements of passive design are: building location and orientation on the site; building layout; window design (day lighting); insulation (including window insulation); thermal mass; shading; and ventilation. C1 [Al-Karaghouli, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hason, H.] Al Rasheed Gen Co, Iraqi Minist Ind & Minerals, Baghdad, Kerbala Provinc, Iraq. [Coplen, L.] McKissack & McKissack, New York, NY USA. RP Al-Karaghouli, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Ali.Al-Qaraghuli@nrel.gov; hyderhason@yahoo.com; lonnie.coplen@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 651 EP 654 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300170 ER PT B AU Al-Karaghouli, A Hason, H Coplen, L AF Al-Karaghouli, A. Hason, H. Coplen, L. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Passive and Active Solar Systems for High Schools in Babylon, Iraq: Design and Economic Study SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE Schools; solar energy; PV; feasibility; HOMER AB Solar energy is an ideal application for Iraqi schools, where most energy demands are confined to the daytime, when the solar radiation is at its maximum value. The study compares the life cycle cost of a solar PV system to that of a diesel generation for meeting the electricity needs of a case-study school in Babylon, Iraq. The PV system is modeled using accepted principles for photovoltaic applications from Solar Energy International and the Sandia National Laboratory Handbook of Recommended Design Practice. HOMER software, developed by the U.S. DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory, is used for economic feasibility analysis. The study finds that the life cycle cost of a PV generation system is approximately 35% that of a diesel generation system. Furthermore, the PV system does not produce the noise, pollution and odor of diesel generators, which are ubiquitous in Iraq today. C1 [Al-Karaghouli, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hason, H.] Iraqi Minist Ind & Minerals Kerbala Prov Iraq, Al Rasheed Gen Co, Baghdad, Iraq. [Coplen, L.] McKissack & McKissack, New York, NY USA. RP Al-Karaghouli, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Ali.Al-Qaraghuli@nrel.gov; hyderhason@yahoo.com; lonnie.coplen@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 655 EP 657 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300171 ER PT B AU Brown, R Lanzisera, S Sharp, T Lindsey, M Andrews, K AF Brown, R. Lanzisera, S. Sharp, T. Lindsey, M. Andrews, K. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Technologies for Deep Reductions in Military Operational Energy Use SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE energy efficiency; operational testing; tactical energy; military logistics AB To improve energy security, the U.S. military is pursuing a long-term plan to improve the energy efficiency of its operations. As part of this effort, the U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) has begun a research program for Transformative Reductions in Operational Energy Consumption (TROPEC), which will identify, refine and validate technologies to reduce energy use in expeditionary military outposts, for energy end-uses such as heating, cooling, water heating, lighting, and electronics. The program includes a multi-stage process-the Innovations Network-to identify and screen candidate technologies for testing. Technology developers, especially startups and other small businesses, can submit energy efficiency technologies for consideration. Technologies that offer military utility and are technically sound will undergo testing and further development at a Department of Energy national laboratory, then operational testing by the Marine Forces Pacific Experimentation Center. C1 [Brown, R.; Lanzisera, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,B90R1121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sharp, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Lindsey, M.] US Pacific Command, Camp Hm Smith, HI USA. [Andrews, K.] Marine Forces Pacific Experimentat Ctr, Camp Hm Smith, HI USA. RP Brown, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,B90R1121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tropec@lbl.gov; tropec@ornl.gov; tropec@pacom.mil NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 662 EP 664 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300173 ER PT B AU Upadhyayula, VKK Meyer, DE Curran, MA Gonzalez, MA AF Upadhyayula, V. K. K. Meyer, D. E. Curran, M. A. Gonzalez, M. A. BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Screening Level Cradle to Grave Life Cycle Assessment of Conceptual 15 Inch Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Field Emission Display(FED) Device SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol DE Life cycle assessment; CNT-FED; CRT; LCD ID TOXICITY AB Commercialization of carbon nanotube field emission displays (CNT-FEDs) is highly encouraged because of their conceptually proven features that offer multiple benefits to consumers. However, considering they are nanomaterial-enabled (CNT) products, large-scale deployment of CNT-FEDs must be approached cautiously because of their potential to adversely impact human health. To better understand of the holistic human health and environmental impacts related to CNT-enabled products, life cycle assessment (LCA) can be used to evaluate the environmental performance of a CNT-FED. In this study, we report and discuss the results obtained from a screening level, cradle-to-grave LCA of a conceptual 15-inch CNT-FED which is assumed to be produced, used for its effective life and disposed of without recycling in the US. Results show the manufacturing stage dominates the life cycle impacts. However, the environmental performance of a CNT-FED is still much better than cathode ray tube (CRTs) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). C1 [Upadhyayula, V. K. K.] ORISE, MC-100-44,POB 117,Oak Ridge 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Meyer, D. E.; Curran, M. A.; Gonzalez, M. A.] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Upadhyayula, VKK (reprint author), ORISE, MC-100-44,POB 117,Oak Ridge 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Upadhyayula.Venkata@epa.gov; Meyer.David@epa.gov; Curran.MaryAnn@epa.gov; Gonzalez.Michael@epa.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 720 EP 723 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300189 ER PT B AU Taylor, CE Brown, T Unione, A AF Taylor, Charles E. Brown, Thomas Unione, Alfred BE Laudon, M Romanowicz, B TI Rapid Hydrate Formation, A Process for Transport and Storage of Natural Gas SO NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012, VOL 3: BIO SENSORS, INSTRUMENTS, MEDICAL, ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo (Nanotech 2012) CY JUN 18-21, 2012 CL Santa Clara, CA SP ACCT Canada, Anaheim Ctr New Energy Technol, Angel Capital Assoc, Antenna Syst Magazine, Appl Mat, Arsenal Venture Partners, Austin Energy, AUTM, BASF, Battery Power Magazine, Carbon Credit Capital, CHInano2011, Clean Technol & Sustainable Ind, Org CTSI, Circuits Multi Projets, Constellat Energy, Eco Business com, EcoSeed, European Patent Off, Fraunhofer TechBridge, GigaOM, Green Blog Network, Greenberg Traurig, Hitachi High Technol Am Inc, Inst Civil Engineers, Insight InterAsia, IOP Publish, Jackson Walker LLP, Japan Technol Grp, Kauffman Fdn, Lam Res Corp, Licens Execut Soc, Lux Res, Mead Westvaco, MEMS Ind Grp, Nano Sci & Technol Inst, nano tech Japan, Natl Grid, Natl Venture Capital Assoc, Nanotechnol Ind Assoc, NE Utilities, PPG Ind, SciTech Patent Art, Shell GameChanger, SK Innovat, So California Edison, Taylor & Francis Grp LLC - CRC Press, TechConnect, Texas Nanotechnol Initiat, Env Business Cluster, Natl Assoc Seed & Venture, Funds NASVF, Zyvex Technol C1 [Taylor, Charles E.; Brown, Thomas; Unione, Alfred] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Taylor, CE (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM charles.taylor@netl.doe.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6276-9 PY 2012 BP 769 EP 772 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BG7DZ UT WOS:000391249300202 ER PT J AU Fischer, P Fadley, CS AF Fischer, Peter Fadley, Charles S. TI Probing nanoscale behavior of magnetic materials with soft X-ray spectromicroscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE interfaces; nanomagnetism; spin dynamics; X-ray microscopy; X-ray spectroscopy AB The magnetic properties of matter continue to be a vibrant research area driven both by scientific curiosity to unravel the basic physical processes which govern magnetism and the vast and diverse utilization of magnetic materials in current and future devices, e. g., in information and sensor technologies. Relevant length and time scales approach fundamental limits of magnetism and with state-of- the-art synthesis approaches we are able to create and tailor unprecedented properties. Novel analytical tools are required to match these advances and soft X-ray probes are among the most promising ones. Strong and element-specific magnetic X-ray dichroism effects as well as the nanometer wavelength of photons and the availability of fsec short and intense X-ray pulses at upcoming X-ray sources enable unique experimental opportunities for the study of magnetic behavior. This article provides an overview of recent achievements and future perspectives in magnetic soft X-ray spectromicroscopies which permit us to gain spatially resolved insight into the ultrafast spin dynamics and the magnetic properties of buried interfaces of advanced magnetic nanostructures. C1 [Fischer, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fadley, Charles S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fadley, Charles S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fischer, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PJFischer@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05-CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05-CH11231. We thank the many colleagues for longstanding and fruitful collaborations, in particular M.-Y. Im, W. L. Chao, E. Anderson, F. Salmassi, E. M. Gullikson i(CXRO), S.-Ch. Shin (KAIST Korea), D.-H. Kim (Chungbuk Natl. U, Korea), G. Meier, L. Bocklage, (U. Hamburg, Germany), S. Mangin, (U. Nancy, France), S. K. Kim, (Seoul Natl. U., Korea), A. X. Gray (UC Davis), F. Kronast (HZB Berlin), Ch. Papp (U. Erlangen), S.-H. Yang (IBM Almaden), S. Cramm, I. P. Krug, C. M. Schneider (Juelich), H. A. Drr (SLAC), F. Hellman (UC Berkeley) and J. Kortright (MSD LBNL). We also especially thank the staff of Center for X-ray Optics (CXRO), Advanced Light Source (ALS) and BESSY. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2191-9089 EI 2191-9097 J9 NANOTECHNOL REV JI Nanotechnol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1515/ntrev-2011-0001 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA V32WU UT WOS:000208982100003 ER PT J AU Risbud, AS AF Risbud, Aditi S. TI Research opportunities at the Molecular Foundry SO NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE energy; nanostructures; user facility AB The Molecular Foundry is a Department of Energy-funded Nanoscale Science Research Center (NSRC) providing support to researchers from around the world. Nanoscience has the potential to open new frontiers in energy, electronics, materials science and healthcare. Research conducted at the Molecular Foundry identifies these new frontiers and develops science and technology strategies to enable them. Organized into six interdependent research facilities, the Foundry and its affiliated research laboratories provide access to state-of-the-art instrumentation, scientific expertise and specialized techniques to help users address myriad challenges in nanoscience and nanotechnology. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Risbud, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ASRisbud@lbl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2191-9089 EI 2191-9097 J9 NANOTECHNOL REV JI Nanotechnol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 1 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1515/ntrev-2011-0016 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA V32WU UT WOS:000208982100007 ER PT S AU Kayser, B AF Kayser, B. BE Bellini, G TI Neutrino oscillation physics SO NEUTRINO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 182nd International School of Physcics Enrico Fermi of the Italian-Physical-Society (SIF) on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics CY JUL 26-AUG 05, 2011 CL Varenna LC, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY AB To complement the neutrino-physics lectures given at the 2011 International School on Astro Particle Physics devoted to Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (ISAPP 2011; Varenna, Italy), at the 2011 European School of High Energy Physics (ESHEP 2011; Cheila Gradistei, Romania), and, in modified form, at other summer schools, we present here a written description of the physics of neutrino oscillation. This description is centered on a new way of deriving the oscillation probability. We also provide a brief guide to references relevant to topics other than neutrino oscillation that were covered in the lectures. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kayser, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM boris@fnal.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-784X BN 978-1-61499-173-1; 978-1-61499-172-4 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 2012 VL 182 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3254/978-1-61499-173-1-1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BC2FN UT WOS:000350877600001 ER PT S AU Lipscomb, JC Haddad, S Poet, T Krishnan, K AF Lipscomb, John C. Haddad, Sami Poet, Torka Krishnan, Kannan BE Balls, M Combes, RD Bhogal, N TI PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC (PBPK) MODELS IN TOXICITY TESTING AND RISK ASSESSMENT SO NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR TOXICITY TESTING SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BLOOD PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; IN-VITRO DATA; METABOLIC-RATE CONSTANTS; FREE-ENERGY ANALYSIS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES-DIFFERENCES; METHYLENE-CHLORIDE; GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL AB Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling offers a scientifically-sound framework for integrating mechanistic data on absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination to predict the time-course of parent chemical, metabolite(s) or biomarkers in the exposed organism. A major advantage of PBPK models is their ability to forecast the impact of specific mechanistic processes and determinants on the tissue dose. In this regard, they facilitate integration of data obtained with in vitro and in silico methods, for making predictions of the tissue dosimetry in the whole animal, thus reducing and/or refining the use of animals in pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies. This chapter presents the principles and practice of PBPK modeling, as well as the application of these models in toxicity testing and health risk assessments. C1 [Lipscomb, John C.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Haddad, Sami; Krishnan, Kannan] Univ Montreal, IRSDUM, Dept Sante Environm & Sante Travail, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Poet, Torka] Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, Battelle Pacific Northwest Div, Richland, WA USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM lipscomb.john@epa.gov NR 128 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4614-3054-4; 978-1-4614-3055-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2012 VL 745 BP 76 EP 95 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-3055-1 PG 20 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA BA2TB UT WOS:000333851400007 PM 22437814 ER PT B AU Platt, HAS Li, YJ Novak, JP Habas, SE Curtis, CJ Miedaner, A Ginley, DS van Hest, MFAM AF Platt, Heather A. S. Li, Yunjun Novak, James P. Habas, Susan E. Curtis, Calvin J. Miedaner, Alex Ginley, David S. van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. GP IS&T TI Low Cost Metallization Inks for Photovoltaics SO NIP28: 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES / DIGITAL FABRICATION 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies (NIP28) / Digital Fabrication conference 2012 CY SEP 09-13, 2012 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Soc Imag Sci & Technol, Imag Soc Japan, Adobe, Kodak, BASF, Canon, LEXMARK, FUJIFILM, KONICA MINOLTA, Hewlett-Packard, xerox, TReK AB Commercial Si wafer solar cells employ screen printed Ag grids as the front contact and Al layers as the back contact. The drive to decrease cost is pushing manufacturers to seek both lower cost materials and methods. One obvious material change is to replace Ag with lower cost metals such as Ni and Cu. Shifting to thinner Si wafers is another reasonable cost saving measure, but it will also necessitate replacing contact methods like screen printing. Inkjet and aerosol jet printing are excellent non-contact choices. These tools have been incorporated into NREL's Atmospheric Processing Platform, along with complementary rapid thermal processing capabilities. We have used these tools to deposit Ni/Cu bilayer grids as the front contacts and Al layers as the back contacts on 21 cm(2) Si solar cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time all non-contact printed metal contacts on Si solar cells have been demonstrated These studies also show the potential of non-contact printed Al, Ni, and Cu inks to contribute to the fabrication of low-cost photovoltaic devices. C1 [Platt, Heather A. S.; Habas, Susan E.; Curtis, Calvin J.; Miedaner, Alex; Ginley, David S.; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Li, Yunjun; Novak, James P.] Appl Nanotech Inc, Austin, TX USA. RP Platt, HAS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 978-0-89208-302-2 PY 2012 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC4TJ UT WOS:000352920200048 ER PT J AU Blaizot, JP Gelis, F Liao, JF McLerran, L Venugopalan, R AF Blaizot, Jean-Paul Gelis, Francois Liao, Jinfeng McLerran, Larry Venugopalan, Raju TI Bose-Einstein condensation and thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Quark-gluon plasma; Heavy-ion collisions; Thermalization AB In ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, the matter formed shortly after the collision is a dense, out of equilibrium, system of gluons characterized by a semi-hard momentum scale Q(s). Simple power counting arguments indicate that this system is over-occupied: the gluon occupation number is parametrically large when compared to a system in thermal equilibrium with the same energy density. On short time scales, soft elastic scattering tends to drive the system toward the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate that contains a large fraction of the gluons while contributing little to the energy density. The lifetime and existence of this condensate depends on whether inelastic processes, that occur on the same time scale as elastic processes, preferably increase or decrease the number of gluons. During this overpopulated stage, and all the way to thermalization, the system behaves as a strongly interacting fluid, even though the elementary coupling constant is small. Finally, we argue that while complete isotropization may never be reached, the system may yet evolve for a long time with a fixed anisotropy between average longitudinal and transverse momenta. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liao, Jinfeng; McLerran, Larry; Venugopalan, Raju] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Blaizot, Jean-Paul; Gelis, Francois] CEA DSM Saclay, Inst Phys Theor, URA 2306, CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [McLerran, Larry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Riken Brookhaven Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liao, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jliao@quark.phy.bnl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; European Research Council [ERC-AD-267258]; Nuclear Theory Group at Brookhaven National Laboratory FX We would like to acknowledge informative discussions with G. Moore and Al Mueller. The research of Jinfeng Liao, L. McLerran and R. Venugopalan is supported under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. JPB's research is supported by the European Research Council under the Advanced Investigator Grant ERC-AD-267258. L. McLerran and J.-P. Blaizot acknowledge the Heidelberg Theoretical Physics Institute where they were both staying as Hans Jensen Professors when this research was begun. FG would like to thank the hospitality and support of the Nuclear Theory Group at Brookhaven National Laboratory. NR 32 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 873 BP 68 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2011.10.005 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA V21RU UT WOS:000208225500005 ER PT J AU Kumericki, K Muller, D Schafer, A AF Kumericki, Kresimir Mueller, Dieter Schaefer, Andreas TI Parametrizing Compton form factors with neural networks SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ringberg Workshop on New Trends in Hera Physics CY SEP 25-28, 2011 CL Ringberg Castle, Tegernsee, GERMANY HO Ringberg Castle DE Deeply virtual Compton scattering; Generalized parton distributions; neural networks ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; QCD AB We describe a method, based on neural networks, of revealing Compton form factors in the deeply virtual region. We compare this approach to standard least-squares model fitting both for a simplified toy case and for HERMES data. C1 [Kumericki, Kresimir] Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. [Mueller, Dieter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mueller, Dieter] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Schaefer, Andreas] Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. RP Kumericki, K (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Dept Phys, Bijenicka C 32, Zagreb 10002, Croatia. OI Mueller, Dieter/0000-0003-0341-0446; Kumericki, Kresimir/0000-0001-9758-5647 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN-MAR PY 2012 VL 222 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2012.03.020 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 998UU UT WOS:000308266700020 ER PT B AU Bailey, M AF Bailey, Mike BE Cozzi, P Riccio, C TI Transitioning Students to Post-Deprecation OpenGL SO OPENGL INSIGHTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bailey, Mike] Oregon State Univ, Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bailey, Mike] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bailey, Mike] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bailey, Mike] Megatek Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Bailey, Mike] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego Supercomp Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bailey, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Comp Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mjb@cs.oregonstate.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-9377-7; 978-1-4398-9376-0 PY 2012 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BC8LG UT WOS:000355766300004 ER PT S AU Fricke, BA AF Fricke, Brian A. BE Mascheroni, RH TI Chilling and Freezing by Immersion in Water and Aqueous Solutions (Hydrocooling, Brines, Ice Slurries, and Refrigerated Seawater) SO OPERATIONS IN FOOD REFRIGERATION SE Contemporary Food Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPRAY; INDUSTRY; MEDIA; BEEF; UNIT; MEAT C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fricke, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Bldg Equipment Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2155-336X BN 978-1-4200-5551-1; 978-1-4200-5548-1 J9 CONTEMP FOOD ENG JI Contemp. Food Eng. PY 2012 BP 265 EP 280 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Food Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Food Science & Technology GA BD6HS UT WOS:000362224300016 ER PT B AU Wang, JG AF Wang, Jigang BE Prasankumar, RP Taylor, AJ TI TIME-RESOLVED MAGNETO-OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY SO OPTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOLID-STATE MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ULTRAFAST SPIN DYNAMICS; MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; QUANTUM-WELLS; NICKEL; MAGNETISM; DEMAGNETIZATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; COHERENCE; PULSES; FILMS C1 [Wang, Jigang] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Jigang] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. RP Wang, JG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-1437-6; 978-1-4398-1537-3 PY 2012 BP 467 EP 506 PG 40 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC8AX UT WOS:000355481900014 ER PT S AU O'Rourke, JA Nelson, RT Grant, D Schmutz, J Grimwood, J Cannon, S Vance, CP Graham, MA Shoemaker, RC AF O'Rourke, Jamie A. Nelson, Rex T. Grant, David Schmutz, Jeremy Grimwood, Jane Cannon, Steven Vance, Carroll P. Graham, Michelle A. Shoemaker, Randy C. BE Stewart, P Globig, S TI Soybeans Iron Deficiency Response SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY SE Research Progress in Botany LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Basic helix loop helix; Iron deficiency chlorosis; Quantitative Trait Locus; Robust multichip analysis; Single feature polymorphisms; Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms C1 [O'Rourke, Jamie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nelson, Rex T.; Grant, David; Cannon, Steven; Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy; Grimwood, Jane] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Joint Genome Inst,Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP O'Rourke, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU APPLE ACAD PRESS INC PI OAKVILLE PA 3333 MISTWELL CRESCENT, OAKVILLE, ON L6L 0A2, CANADA SN 2292-8855 BN 978-1-4665-5842-7; 978-1-926692-69-2 J9 RES PROG BOTANY PY 2012 BP 154 EP 175 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BD5PW UT WOS:000361720100010 ER PT B AU Rahane, SB Kilbey, SM AF Rahane, Santosh B. Kilbey, S. Michael, II BE Mittal, V TI Polymer Brushes by Surface-Initiated Iniferter-Mediated Polymerization SO POLYMER BRUSHES: SUBSTRATES, TECHNOLOGIES, AND PROPERTIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; WELL-DEFINED POLYMER; POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID) BRUSHES; TETRAETHYLTHIURAM DISULFIDE; RAFT POLYMERIZATION; CELL-ADHESION; BENZYL N,N-DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE; GRAFT-POLYMERIZATION; COPOLYMER BRUSHES C1 [Rahane, Santosh B.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Kilbey, S. Michael, II] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kilbey, S. Michael, II] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Knoxville, TN USA. [Kilbey, S. Michael, II] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Rahane, SB (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 101 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5795-3; 978-1-4398-5794-6 PY 2012 BP 277 EP 311 D2 10.1201/b11824 PG 35 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BC9CT UT WOS:000356300400013 ER PT B AU Budka, AJ AF Budka, Andrew J. BE Johnson, TA TI The Arab Revolutions of 2011 Promise, Risk, and Uncertainty SO POWER, NATIONAL SECURITY, AND TRANSFORMATIONAL GLOBAL EVENTS: CHALLENGES CONFRONTING AMERICA, CHINA, AND IRAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRISIS C1 [Budka, Andrew J.] US Marine Corps, Quantico, VA USA. [Budka, Andrew J.] Pentagon Navy Annex, Washington, DC USA. [Budka, Andrew J.] Marine Detachment, Triangle, VA USA. [Budka, Andrew J.] US Cent Command, Tampa, FL USA. [Budka, Andrew J.] US Training Miss Saudi Arabia, Clearwater, FL USA. [Budka, Andrew J.] Royal Saudi Navy & Marine Force, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Budka, Andrew J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Secur Grp Deployed Secur 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Budka, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Secur Grp Deployed Secur 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 87 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8423-2; 978-1-4398-8422-5 PY 2012 BP 125 EP 184 D2 10.1201/b12238 PG 60 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC9CU UT WOS:000356301100005 ER PT B AU Burfeindt, ME AF Burfeindt, Marsh E. BE Johnson, TA TI Rapprochement with Iran SO POWER, NATIONAL SECURITY, AND TRANSFORMATIONAL GLOBAL EVENTS: CHALLENGES CONFRONTING AMERICA, CHINA, AND IRAN LA English DT Article; Book Chapter RP Burfeindt, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Weap Program, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 144 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8423-2; 978-1-4398-8422-5 PY 2012 BP 185 EP 236 D2 10.1201/b12238 PG 52 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC9CU UT WOS:000356301100006 ER PT B AU Parashar, M Giri, JC Nuqui, R Kosterev, D Gardner, RM Adamiak, M Trudnowski, D Chakrabortty, A Menezes, R Madani, V Dagle, J Sattinger, W Novosel, D Glavic, M Hu, Y Dobson, I Phadke, A Thorp, JS AF Parashar, Manu Giri, Jay C. Nuqui, Reynaldo Kosterev, Dmitry Gardner, R. Matthew Adamiak, Mark Trudnowski, Dan Chakrabortty, Aranya Menezes, Rui Madani, Vahid Dagle, Jeff Sattinger, Walter Novosel, Damir Glavic, Mevludin Hu, Yi Dobson, Ian Phadke, Arun Thorp, James S. BE Grigsby, LL TI Wide-Area Monitoring and Situational Awareness SO POWER SYSTEM STABILITY AND CONTROL, 3RD EDITION SE Electric Power Engineering Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POWER-SYSTEM; TRANSIENT STABILITY; PHASOR MEASUREMENTS; VOLTAGE COLLAPSE; IDENTIFICATION; VALIDATION; BLACKOUT; MARGIN C1 [Parashar, Manu; Giri, Jay C.] ALSTOM Grid Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Nuqui, Reynaldo] Asea Brown Boveri, Cary, NC USA. [Kosterev, Dmitry] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR USA. [Gardner, R. Matthew] Dominion Virginia Power, Richmond, VA USA. [Adamiak, Mark] Gen Elect, Wayne, PA USA. [Trudnowski, Dan] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Butte, MT USA. [Chakrabortty, Aranya] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Menezes, Rui] Univ Fed Fluminense, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Madani, Vahid] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94106 USA. [Dagle, Jeff] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sattinger, Walter] Swiss Grid, Dept Syst Management Support, Laufenburg, Switzerland. [Novosel, Damir; Glavic, Mevludin; Hu, Yi] Quanta Technol, Raleigh, NC USA. [Dobson, Ian] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA USA. [Phadke, Arun; Thorp, James S.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Parashar, M (reprint author), ALSTOM Grid Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8321-1; 978-1-4398-8320-4 J9 ELECTR POWER ENGN SE PY 2012 D2 10.1201/b12113 PG 45 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD5SR UT WOS:000361792400016 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI A Story of a Failure SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600003 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Foreword A Context Setting Discussion SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP XI EP XII PG 2 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600001 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Pre-Accident Investigations An Introduction to Organizational Safety Preface SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP XIII EP XIV PG 2 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600002 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Why Think about Failure at All, Let Alone Think "Differently" about Failure? SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600004 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI The Titanic: A Story to Help You Rethink How You Think About Failure SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600005 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Change the Way Your Organization Reacts to Failure SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600006 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Pre-Accident Investigation Tool SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 45 EP 51 PG 7 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600007 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Case Study Aviation Accidents are the Unexpected Combination of Normal Aviation Variability SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600008 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Workers Don't Cause Failure, Workers Trigger Failure SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600009 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Case Study Seven Stitches, a Broken Finger, Cardinal Rules, and Termination SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600010 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Change is Better When You Manage Change-And Change Needs to be Managed SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600011 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Case Study Nine Senior Managers, a Million Different Opinions on How to Handle a Problem. and Nobody Willing to Change SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600012 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Thinking about Where Failure Will Happen SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600013 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Case Study A Crashing Limb: Thinking about where Failure will Happen SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600014 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Fundamentals Training: Introducing the "New View" to Your Old Crew SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 103 EP 113 PG 11 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600015 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Case Study How to Win Friends and Influence Workers SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600016 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Starting the Journey - The First Steps SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600017 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI The Four Things that Matter SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600018 ER PT B AU Conklin, T AF Conklin, Todd BA Conklin, T BF Conklin, T TI Pre-Accident Investigations An Introduction to Organizational Safety Conclusion SO PRE-ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL SAFETY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conklin, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-4782-5; 978-1-4094-4784-9; 978-1-4094-4783-2 PY 2012 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Psychology, Applied; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5AY UT WOS:000353143600019 ER PT J AU Ntsoele, P Aurousseau, M Connell, SH Assamagan, KA AF Ntsoele, P. Aurousseau, M. Connell, S. H. Assamagan, K. A. BE VanRensburg, JJ TI Search for the Higgs boson to 4 leptons "decay channel" through new gauge bosons SO PROCEEDINGS OF SAIP2012: THE 57TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 57th Annual Conference of the South-African-Institute-of-Physics (SAIP) CY JUL 09-13, 2012 CL Univ Pretoria, Phys Dept, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA SP South African Inst Phys HO Univ Pretoria, Phys Dept AB The H -> ZZ(*) -> 4l channel has long been known to be the dominant discovery channel for the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector, thanks to its clean signature of 4 isolated leptons. However, some Hidden Valley (HV) scenarios predict the existence of a new sector with Higgs and gauge bosons (Z'). The Higgs boson could therefore decay to a pair of Z' through the mixing between the Standard Model (SM) and the HV sectors. In this study, prospects for a Higgs discovery in the decay channel H -> Z'Z' -> 4l (where l can either be an electron or a muon) is being investigated. This channel has both a clean signature and a potentially large branching ratio for a low mass Higgs boson (m(H) < 200 GeV/c(2)). The Z' bosons in the present model can have a mass as low as 5 GeV/c2, and decay preferably to SM fermions (leptons or light quarks) with a very narrow width. The H -> Z' Z' -> 4l channel can be explored a similar way to the standard H -> ZZ(*) -> 4l channel, by changing the constraints on the dilepton invariant mass. Based on the study of 9 benchmark points, we developed a new algorithm to select our signal and reject the SM background, by constraining the two dilepton pairs to have the same mass within a certain window. The dominant backgrounds are also studied. Perspectives on this new approach with the ATLAS experiment are presented. C1 [Ntsoele, P.; Aurousseau, M.; Connell, S. H.; Assamagan, K. A.] Univ Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Assamagan, K. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ntsoele, P (reprint author), Univ Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM pntsoele@uj.ac.za; mathieua@uj.ac.za NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTH AFRICAN INST PHYSICS PI LYNNWOOD RIDGE PA POSTNET STE 165, PRIVATE BAG X025, LYNNWOOD RIDGE, 0040, SOUTH AFRICA BN 978-1-77592-070-0 PY 2012 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BE1GH UT WOS:000367878700046 ER PT S AU Jimenez, V Gioiosa, R Cazorla, FJ Buyuktosunoglu, A Bose, P O'Connell, FP AF Jimenez, Victor Gioiosa, Roberto Cazorla, Francisco J. Buyuktosunoglu, Alper Bose, Pradip O'Connell, Francis P. GP IEEE TI Making Data Prefetch Smarter: Adaptive Prefetching on POWER7 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES AND COMPILATION TECHNIQUES (PACT'12) SE International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT) CY SEP 19-23, 2012 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM SIGARCH, IFIP WG 10 3, IEEE CS TCAA, CS TCPP, IEEE, Cray, Intel, Unisys, AMD, IBM, NVidia DE Adaptive system; prefetching; performance AB Hardware data prefetch engines are integral parts of many general purpose server-class microprocessors in the field today. Some prefetch engines allow the user to change some of their parameters. The prefetcher, however, is usually enabled in a default configuration during system bring-up and dynamic reconfiguration of the prefetch engine is not an autonomic feature of current machines. Conceptually, however, it is easy to infer that commonly used prefetch algorithms, when applied in a fixed mode will not help performance in many cases. In fact, they may actually degrade performance due to useless bus bandwidth consumption and cache pollution. In this paper, we present an adaptive prefetch scheme that dynamically modifies the prefetch settings in order to adapt to the workload requirements. We implement and evaluate adaptive prefetching in the context of an existing, commercial processor, namely the IBM POWER7. Our adaptive prefetch mechanism improves performance with respect to the default prefetch setting up to 2.7X and 30% for single-threaded and multiprogrammed workloads, respectively. C1 [Jimenez, Victor; Cazorla, Francisco J.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Gioiosa, Roberto] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Cazorla, Francisco J.] Spanish Natl Res Council, Barcelona, Spain. [Buyuktosunoglu, Alper; Bose, Pradip] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [O'Connell, Francis P.] IBM Syst & Technol Grp, Austin, TX USA. [Gioiosa, Roberto] BSC, Austin, TX USA. RP Jimenez, V (reprint author), Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. EM victor.javier@bsc.es; roberto.gioiosa@pnnl.gov; francisco.cazorla@bsc.es; alperb@us.ibm.com; pbose@us.ibm.com; oconnell@us.ibm.com OI Cazorla, Francisco/0000-0002-3344-376X FU IBM; BSC; Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain [TIN-2007-60625, JCI-2008-3688] FX This work was supported by a Collaboration Agreement between IBM and BSC. It has also been supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Spain under contract TIN-2007-60625 and grant JCI-2008-3688. We also acknowledge Ramon Bertran and Lluis Vilanova for developing data processing tools that significantly simplified handling all the experimental data necessary for this paper. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1089-795X BN 978-1-4503-1182-3 J9 INT CONFER PARA PY 2012 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH0KR UT WOS:000395410100015 ER PT S AU Yelick, K AF Yelick, Kathy GP IEEE TI Compiling to Avoid Communication SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES AND COMPILATION TECHNIQUES (PACT'12) SE International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT) CY SEP 19-23, 2012 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM SIGARCH, IFIP WG 10 3, IEEE CS TCAA, CS TCPP, IEEE, Cray, Intel, Unisys, AMD, IBM, NVidia DE Compiler; Communication; Autotuning; Latency; Bandwidth AB Future computing system designs will be constrained by power density and total system energy, and will require new programming models and implementation strategies. Data movement in the memory system and interconnect will dominate running time and energy costs, making communication cost reduction the primary optimization criteria for compilers. Communication cost can be divided into latency costs, which are per communication event, and bandwidth costs, which grow with total communication volume. Latency can be reduced by a number of techniques, including message aggregation, reducing software overhead of messaging, and overlapping communication with computation or with other communication events. While these techniques have been studied extensively, there are still many open challenges in automating these techniques in the context of explicitly parallel programs. I will describe some of the history of this work, and the program analysis challenges related to keeping a simple semantic model for programmers. Bandwidth reduction requires more substantial algorithmic transformations, although some techniques, such as loop tiling, are well known. These can be applied as hand-optimizations, through code generation strategies in autotuned libraries, or as fully automatic compiler transformations. Less obvious techniques for communication avoidance have arisen in developing algorithms that are provably communication-optimal, the so-called "2.5D" algorithms in dense linear algebra. I will describe how these ideas generalize to other loop nests and some initial thoughts on automating such transformations. C1 [Yelick, Kathy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yelick, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1089-795X BN 978-1-4503-1182-3 J9 INT CONFER PARA PY 2012 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH0KR UT WOS:000395410100017 ER PT S AU Laguna, I Ahn, DH de Supinski, BR Bagchi, S Gamblin, T AF Laguna, Ignacio Ahn, Dong H. de Supinski, Bronis R. Bagchi, Saurabh Gamblin, Todd GP IEEE TI Probabilistic Diagnosis of Performance Faults in Large-Scale Parallel Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES AND COMPILATION TECHNIQUES (PACT'12) SE International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT) CY SEP 19-23, 2012 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM SIGARCH, IFIP WG 10 3, IEEE CS TCAA, CS TCPP, IEEE, Cray, Intel, Unisys, AMD, IBM, NVidia DE Reliability; Performance ID SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS; OPTIMIZATION; PROGRAMS AB Debugging large-scale parallel applications is challenging. Most existing techniques provide mechanisms for process control but little information about the causes of failures. Most debuggers also scale poorly despite continued growth in supercomputer core counts. Our novel, highly scalable tool helps developers to understand and to fix performance failures and correctness problems at scale. Our tool probabilistically infers the least progressed task in MPI programs using Markov models of execution history and dependence analysis. This analysis guides program slicing to find code that may have caused a failure. In a blind study, we demonstrate that our tool can isolate the root cause of a particularly perplexing bug encountered at scale in a molecular dynamics simulation. Further, we perform fault injections into two benchmark codes and measure the scalability of the tool. Our results show that it accurately detects the least progressed task in most cases and can perform the diagnosis in a fraction of a second with thousands of tasks. C1 [Laguna, Ignacio; Bagchi, Saurabh] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ahn, Dong H.; de Supinski, Bronis R.; Gamblin, Todd] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Laguna, I (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ilaguna@purdue.edu; ahn1@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov; sbagchi@purdue.edu; tgamblin@llnl.gov FU National Science Foundation [CNS0916337, LLNL-PROC-548642] FX This material is partly based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS0916337. (LLNL-PROC-548642) NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1089-795X BN 978-1-4503-1182-3 J9 INT CONFER PARA PY 2012 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH0KR UT WOS:000395410100023 ER PT S AU Buluc, A Fox, A Gilbert, JR Kamil, S Lugowski, A Oliker, L Williams, S AF Buluc, Aydin Fox, Armando Gilbert, John R. Kamil, Shoaib Lugowski, Adam Oliker, Leonid Williams, Samuel GP IEEE TI High-Performance Analysis of Filtered Semantic Graphs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES AND COMPILATION TECHNIQUES (PACT'12) SE International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT) CY SEP 19-23, 2012 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM SIGARCH, IFIP WG 10 3, IEEE CS TCAA, CS TCPP, IEEE, Cray, Intel, Unisys, AMD, IBM, NVidia DE Domain Specific Languages; Graph Analysis; SEJITS; KDT; High-performance computing AB High performance is a crucial consideration when executing a complex analytic query on a massive semantic graph. In a semantic graph, vertices and edges carry "attributes" of various types. Analytic queries on semantic graphs typically depend on the values of these attributes; thus, the computation must either view the graph through a filter that passes only those individual vertices and edges of interest, or else must first materialize a subgraph or subgraphs consisting of only the vertices and edges of interest. The filtered approach is superior due to its generality, ease of use, and memory efficiency, but may carry a performance cost. In the Knowledge Discovery Toolbox (KDT), a Python library for parallel graph computations, the user writes filters in a high-level language, but those filters result in relatively low performance due to the bottleneck of having to call into the Python interpreter for each edge. In this work, we use the Selective Embedded JIT Specialization (SEJITS) approach to automatically translate filters defined by programmers into a lower-level efficiency language, bypassing the upcall into Python. We evaluate our approach by comparing it with the high-performance C++ /MPI Combinatorial BLAS engine, and show that the productivity gained by using a high-level filtering language comes without sacrificing performance. C1 [Buluc, Aydin; Oliker, Leonid; Williams, Samuel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fox, Armando; Kamil, Shoaib] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, John R.; Lugowski, Adam] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Buluc, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abuluc@lbl.gov; fox@cs.berkeley.edu; gilbert@cs.ucsb.edu; skamil@cs.berkeley.edu; alugowski@cs.ucsb.edu; loliker@lbl.gov; swwilliams@lbl.gov FU NSF [CNS0709385]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant CNS0709385, by DOE grant DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by grants from Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1089-795X BN 978-1-4503-1182-3 J9 INT CONFER PARA PY 2012 BP 463 EP 464 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BH0KR UT WOS:000395410100063 ER PT B AU Schaefer, L Ikeda, M Bao, J AF Schaefer, Laura Ikeda, Michael Bao, Jie GP ASME TI THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN EQUATION METHOD FOR COMPLEX FLOWS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOCHANNELS, MICROCHANNELS AND MINICHANNELS 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels CY JUL 08-12, 2012 CL ASME, Heat Transfer Div, Rio Grande, PR SP ASME, Fluids Engn Div HO ASME, Heat Transfer Div DE lattice Boltzmann; multiphase; thermal effects ID BOUNDARY-CONDITION; LIQUID-GAS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS AB The lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method is a promising technique for simulating fluid flows and modeling complex physics. Because the LBE model is based on microscopic models and mesoscopic kinetic equations, it offers many advantages for the study of multi-component or multiphase flows. However, there are still challenges encountered when dealing with thermal effects and multiphase flows, particularly at small scales or in varying geometries. In this paper, we discuss some techniques to overcome these challenges. First, we present an overview of the LBE method, and show how it can be extended to model multiple phases and thermal effects. Next, we describe our multi-component and multiphase (MCMP) LBE method for high density ratios. While the original formulation of Shan and Chen's (SC) model can incorporate some multiphase and component scenarios, the density ratio of the different components is restricted (less than approximately 2.0), which limits the applications. Hence, based on the SC model and improvements in the single-component multiphase (SCMP) flow model reported by Yuan and Schaefer, we have developed a new model that can simulate a MCMP system with a high density ratio. An example of that system is shown. Finally, we have developed a parallel computation LBE method based on the Compute Unified Device Architecture for NVIDIA GPUs. Using this method, we are able to efficiently model a number of phases and length scales, examples of which are presented. C1 [Schaefer, Laura; Ikeda, Michael] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Bao, Jie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schaefer, L (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0238841, CBET-0729905]; NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship [DGE-0504335] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. CBET-0238841 and CBET-0729905, and was also supported by the NSF's Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (DGE-0504335). NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4479-3 PY 2012 BP 687 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA3XT UT WOS:000335090900084 ER PT B AU Tabares-Velasco, PC AF Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar GP ASME TI ENERGY IMPACTS OF NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF PCM WHEN APPLIED INTO BUILDING ENVELOPE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID PHASE-CHANGE MATERIALS; SIMULATION; ACCURACY; ENTHALPY AB Research on phase change materials (PCM) as a potential technology to reduce peak loads and HVAC energy use in buildings has been conducted for several decades, resulting in a great deal of literature on PCM properties, temperature, and peak reduction potential. However, there are few building energy simulation programs that include PCM modeling features, and very few of these have been validated. Additionally, there is no previous research that indicates the level of accuracy when modeling PCMs from a building energy simulation perspective. This study analyzes the effects a nonlinear enthalpy profile has on thermal performance and expected energy benefits for PCM-enhanced insulation. The impact of accurately modeling realistic, nonlinear enthalpy profiles for PCMs versus simpler profiles is analyzed based on peak load reduction and energy savings using the Conduction Finite Difference (CondFD) algorithm in Energy Plus. The PCM and CondFD models used in this study have been previously validated after intensive verification and validation done at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Overall, the results of this study show annual energy savings are not very sensitive to the linearization of enthalpy curve. However, hourly analysis shows that if simpler linear profiles are used, users should try to specify a melting range covering roughly 80% of the latent heat, otherwise, hourly results can differ by up to 20%. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tabares-Velasco, PC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300017 ER PT B AU Curran, SJ Theiss, TJ Bunce, MJ AF Curran, Scott J. Theiss, Timothy J. Bunce, Michael J. GP ASME TI GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION POTENTIAL WITH COMBINED HEAT AND POWER WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION PRIME MOVERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID TECHNOLOGIES AB Pending or recently enacted greenhouse gas regulations and mandates are leading to the need for current and feasible GHG reduction solutions including combined heat and power (CHP). Distributed generation using advanced reciprocating engines, gas turbines, microturbines and fuel cells has been shown to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) compared to the U.S. electrical generation mix due to the use of natural gas and high electrical generation efficiencies of these prime movers. Many of these prime movers are also well suited for use in CHP systems which recover heat generated during combustion or energy conversion. CUP increases the total efficiency of the prime mover by recovering waste heat for generating electricity, replacing process steam, hot water for buildings or even cooling via absorption chilling. The increased efficiency of CUP systems further reduces GHG emissions compared to systems which do not recover waste thermal energy Current GHG mandates within the U.S Federal sector and looming GHG legislation for states puts an emphasis on understanding the GHG reduction potential of such systems. This study compares the GHG savings from various state-of-the-art prime movers. GHG reductions from commercially available prime movers in the 1-5 MW class including, various industrial fuel cells, large and small gas turbines, micro turbines and reciprocating gas engines with and without CUP are compared to centralized electricity generation including the U.S. mix and the best available technology with natural gas combined cycle power plants. The findings show significant GHG saving potential with the use of CUP. Also provided is an exploration of the accounting methodology for GHG reductions with CHP and the sensitivity of such analyses to electrical generation efficiency, emissions factors and most importantly recoverable heat and thermal recovery efficiency from the CUP system. C1 [Curran, Scott J.; Theiss, Timothy J.; Bunce, Michael J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Curran, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. OI Curran, Scott/0000-0002-4665-0231 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 151 EP 159 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300020 ER PT B AU Dillon, HE Colella, WG AF Dillon, Heather E. Colella, Whitney G. GP ASME TI INDEPENDENT EVALUATION OF MEASURED PERFORMANCE DATA FOR CUTTING-EDGE COMBINED HEAT AND POWER FUEL CELL SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN BUILDINGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is working with industry to independently monitor up to fifteen distinct 5 kilowatt-electric (kWe) combined heat and power (CID) high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems (FCSs) installed in light commercial buildings. This research paper discusses an evaluation of the first six months of measured performance data acquired at a one-second sampling rate from real-time monitoring equipment attached to the FCSs at building sites. Engineering performance parameters are independently evaluated. Based on an analysis of the first few months of measured operating data, FCS performance is consistent with manufacturer-stated performance. Initial data indicate that the FCSs have relatively stable performance and a long term average production of about 4.57 kWe of power. This value is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer's stated rated electric power output of 5 kWe. The measured system net electric efficiency has averaged 33.7%, based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas fuel. This value, also, is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer's stated rated electric efficiency of 36%. The FCSs provide low-grade hot water to the building at a measured average temperature of about 48.4 degrees C, lower than the manufacturer's stated maximum hot water delivery temperature of 65 degrees C. The uptime of the systems is also evaluated. System availability can be defined as the quotient of total operating time compared to time since commissioning. The average values for system availability vary between 96.1 and 97.3%, depending on the FCS evaluated in the field. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency (PRVeff) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric efficiency and the time since commissioning. The PRVeff varies between 5.6% and 31.6%, depending on the FCS field unit evaluated. Performance at Rated Value for electrical power (PRVp) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric power and the time since commissioning. PRVp varies between 6.5% and 16.2%. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency and power (PRVt) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above both the rated electric efficiency and the electric power output compared to the time since commissioning. PRVt varies between 0.2% and 1.4%. Optimization to determine the manufacturer rating required to achieve PRVt greater than 80% has been performed based on the collected data. For example, for FCS unit 130 to achieve a PRVt of 95%, it would have to be down-rated to an electrical power output of 3.2 kWe and an electrical efficiency of 29%.The use of PRV as an assessment metric for FCSs has been developed and reported for the first time in this paper. For FCS Unit 130, a 20% decline in electric power output was observed from approximately 5 kWe to 4 kWe over a 1,500 hour period between Dec. 14th 2011 and Feb. 14th 2012. C1 [Dillon, Heather E.; Colella, Whitney G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Colella, WG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wcolella@alumni.princeton.edu OI Dillon, Heather/0000-0002-4467-2306 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 217 EP 226 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300028 ER PT B AU Christian, JM Ho, CK AF Christian, Joshua M. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI CFD SIMULATION AND HEAT LOSS ANALYSIS OF THE SOLAR TWO POWER TOWER RECEIVER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Solar Two was a demonstration of the viability of molten salt power towers. The power tower was designed to produce enough thermal power to run a 10-MWe conventional Rankine cycle turbine. A critical component of this process was the solar tower receiver. The receiver was designed for an applied average heat flux of 430 kW/m(2) with an outlet temperature of 565 degrees C (838.15 K). The mass flow rate could be varied in the system to control the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid, which was high temperature molten salt. The heat loss in the actual system was calculated by using the power-on method which compares how much power is absorbed by the molten salt when using half of the heliostat field and then the full heliostat field. However, the total heat loss in the system was lumped into a single value comprised of radiation, convection, and conduction heat transfer losses. In this study, ANSYS FLUENT was used to evaluate and characterize the radiative and convective heat losses from this receiver system assuming two boundary conditions: (1) a uniform heat flux on the receiver and (2) a distributed heat flux generated from the code DELSOL. The results show that the distributed-flux models resulted in radiative heat losses that were similar to 14% higher than the uniform-flux models, and convective losses that were similar to 5-10% higher due to the resulting non-uniform temperature distributions. Comparing the simulations to known convective heat loss correlations demonstrated that surface roughness should be accounted for in the simulations. This study provides a model which can be used for further receiver design and demonstrates whether current convective correlations are appropriate for analytical evaluation of external solar tower receivers. C1 [Christian, Joshua M.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Christian, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jmchris@sandia.dov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 227 EP 235 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300029 ER PT B AU Chavez, K Sproul, E Yellowhair, J AF Chavez, Kyle Sproul, Evan Yellowhair, Julius GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT AND ANALYSIS OF THE HELIOSTAT FOCUSING AND CANTING ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUE FOR FULL HELIOSTAT ALIGNMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Central receiver power towers are regarded as a proven concentrating solar power (CSP) technology for generating utility-scale electricity. In central receiver systems, improper alignment (canting and focusing) of heliostat facets results in beam spillage at the receiver and leads to significant degradation in performance. As a result, proper alignment of heliostats is critical for increasing plant efficiency. Past tools used for analyzing and correcting heliostat alignment at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) have proven to be laborious and inaccurate, sometimes taking up to six hours per heliostat. In light of these drawbacks, Sandia National Labs (SNL) and New Mexico Tech (NMT) have created the Heliostat Focusing and Canting Enhancement Technique (H-FACET). H-FACET uses a high-resolution digital camera to observe the image of a stationary target reflected by a heliostat facet. By comparing this image to a theoretical image generated via a custom software package, technicians can efficiently identify and correct undesirable deviations in facet orientation and shape. Previous tests have only proven the viability of H-FACET for canting heliostats. As a result, SNL and NMT have expanded H-FACET's capabilities and analyzed the system's ability to simultaneously cant and focus heliostats. Initial H-FACET focusing test results have shown improved beam sizes and shapes for single facets. Furthermore, simulations of these tests revealed an approximated system accuracy of better than 1.80 milliradians. This accuracy accounted for technician, position, and additional error sources, suggesting that H-FACET was capable of focusing facets to an even greater accuracy than those seen in the initial tests. When implemented for simultaneous canting and focusing of heliostats, H-FACET has demonstrated its capability to increase peak flux and decrease beam size. These full alignment test results demonstrated an average total system accuracy of 1.17 milliradians on five heliostats. As before, this accuracy included multiple error sources which cannot be corrected by H-FACET. Additionally, these tests revealed that H-FACET can align heliostats in about 1 hour and 30 minutes. Finally, two heliostats aligned with H-FACET maintained average accuracies 1.46 and 1.24 milliradians over a four hour window centered about solar noon. This implies that H-FACET is capable of aligning heliostats to a true off-axis alignment over NSTTF's operating window. In light of these results, SNL has implemented both the focusing and canting portions of H-FACET at the NSTTF. C1 [Chavez, Kyle; Sproul, Evan] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Yellowhair, Julius] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Chavez, K (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 237 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300030 ER PT B AU Yuan, JK Ho, CK Christian, JM AF Yuan, James K. Ho, Clifford K. Christian, Joshua M. GP ASME TI NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION IN SOLAR CAVITY RECEIVERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Cavity receivers used in solar power towers and dish concentrators may lose considerable energy by natural convection, which reduces the overall system efficiency. A validated numerical receiver model is desired to better understand convection processes and aid in heat loss minimization efforts. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate heat loss predictions using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software packages FLUENT 13.0 and Solid Works Flow Simulation 2011 against experimentally measured heat losses for a heated cubical cavity model [1] and a cylindrical dish receiver model [2]. Agreement within 10% was found between software packages across most simulations. However, simulated convective heat loss was under predicted by 45% for the cubical cavity when experimental wall temperatures were implemented on cavity walls, and 32% when implementing the experimental heat flux from the cavity walls. Convective heat loss from the cylindrical dish receiver model was accurately predicted within experimental uncertainties by both simulation codes using both isothermal and constant heat flux wall boundary conditions except at inclination angles below 15 and above 75, where losses were under- and over-predicted by FLUENT and SolidWorks, respectively. Comparison with empirical correlations for convective heat loss from heated cavities showed that correlations by Siebers and Kraabel [1] and for an assembly of heated flat plates oriented to the cavity geometry [3] predicted heat losses from the cubical cavity within experimental uncertainties, while correlations by Clausing [4] and Paitoonsurikarn et al. [8] were able to do the same for the cylindrical dish receiver. No single correlation was valid for both receiver models. Different turbulence and air-property models within FLUENT were also investigated and compared in this study. C1 [Yuan, James K.; Ho, Clifford K.; Christian, Joshua M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yuan, JK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800,MS 1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 281 EP 290 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300035 ER PT B AU Zhu, GD AF Zhu, Guangdong GP ASME TI THE IMPACT OF RECEIVER POSITION ERROR ON PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTOR OPTICAL PERFORMANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB A newly developed analytical optical approach - First-principle OPTical Intercept Calculation (FirstOPTIC) - is employed to study the optical impact of receiver position error on parabolic trough collectors. The FirstOPTIC program performs first-principle treatment system optical error sources. By analyzing a large number of cases with varying system parameters such as the overall system optical error and the collector geometrical parameters, the paper quantitatively examines the difference between the first-principle treatment and probability approximation to receiver position error. In addition, a practical correlation between actual measurement data and its probability approximation for receiver position errors is established from parametric study; the correlation can be used to evaluate the relative importance of receiver position error to the collector's optical performance. The effective coefficients defining the correlation of receiver position errors are also summarized for some existing trough collectors and make it convenient to conduct error-convolution-based optical analysis, which was not straightforward before. It is also shown that FirstOPTIC is a suitable tool for in-depth optical analysis and fast collector design optimization, which otherwise requires computationally intensive ray-tracing simulations. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhu, GD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Guangdong.Zhu@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 291 EP 297 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300036 ER PT B AU Afrin, S Cordero, E De La Rosa, S Kumar, V Bharathan, D Glatzmaier, GC Ma, ZW AF Afrin, Samia Cordero, Eduardo De La Rosa, Sebastian Kumar, Vinod Bharathan, Desikan Glatzmaier, Greg C. Ma, Zhiwen GP ASME TI COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF A PIPE FLOW DISTRIBUTOR FOR A THERMOCLINE BASED THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE Thermal energy storage (TES); Concentrated solar power; Thermocline; Molten salt AB The overall efficiency of a Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plant depends on the effectiveness of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system [1]. A single tank TES system consists of a thermocline region which produces the temperature gradient between hot and cold storage fluid by density difference [2]. Preservation of this thermocline region in the tank during charging and discharging cycles depends on the uniformity of the velocity profile at any horizontal plane. Our objective is to maximize the uniformity of the velocity distribution using a pipe-network distributor by varying the number of holes, distance between the holes, position of the holes and number of distributor pipes. For simplicity, we consider that the diameter of the inlet, main pipe, the distributor pipes and the height and the width of the tank are constant. We use Hitec (R) molten salt as the storage medium and the commercial software Gambit 2.4.6 and Fluent 6.3 for the computational analysis. We analyze the standard deviation in the velocity field and compare the deviations at different positions of the tank height for different configurations. Since, the distance of the holes from the inlet and their respective arrangements affects the flow distribution throughout the tank; we investigate the impacts of rearranging the holes position on flow distribution. Impact of the number of holes and distributor pipes are also analyzed. We analyze our findings to determine a configuration for the best case scenario. C1 [Afrin, Samia; Cordero, Eduardo; De La Rosa, Sebastian; Kumar, Vinod] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Bharathan, Desikan; Glatzmaier, Greg C.; Ma, Zhiwen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Kumar, V (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM vkumar@utep.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) [DE- DE- EE0004008]; Department of Mechanical Engineering at University of Texas at El Paso; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under Grant Number DE- DE- EE0004008, the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Texas at El Paso, and the DOE's Summer Faculty Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 299 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300037 ER PT B AU Ma, ZW Glatzmaier, GC Wagner, M Neises, T AF Ma, Zhiwen Glatzmaier, Greg C. Wagner, Michael Neises, Ty GP ASME TI General Performance Metrics and Applications to Evaluate Various Thermal Energy Storage Technologies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB The solution proposed in this paper presents a new modeling approach that integrates a generalized thermal storage performance model into a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant. The overall performance, including round trip efficiency, for a thermal energy storage system is highly dependent on the operating parameters and operation strategy of the complete power plant. Previous methods used for analysis of thermal storage have followed one of two approaches: The first requires time-intensive customized detailed performance models of the thermal storage system and the power cycle to account for the effects of charging and discharging storage on conversion efficiency and heat transfer fluid (HTF) return temperature to the solar field. The second method uses a simple energy balance with "derate" factors that do not accurately predict the effects of storage on other plant components. In this paper, we develop a generalized method based on efficiency metrics and discuss the application in TES sizing and performance evaluation for an early concept study. The method is an integral approach and complements the detailed models that simulate yearly operation of a CSP plant. C1 [Ma, Zhiwen; Glatzmaier, Greg C.; Wagner, Michael; Neises, Ty] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ma, ZW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM zhiwen.ma@nrel.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300042 ER PT B AU Turchi, CS Ma, ZW Neises, T Wagner, M AF Turchi, Craig S. Ma, Zhiwen Neises, Ty Wagner, Michael GP ASME TI Thermodynamic Study of Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycles for High Performance Concentrating Solar Power Systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB In 2011, the U.S. Depaitment of Energy (DOE) initiated a "SunShot Concentrating Solar Power R&D" program to develop technologies that have the potential for much higher efficiency, lower cost, and/or more reliable performance than existing CSP systems. The DOE seeks to develop highly disruptive Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies that will meet 6(sic)/kWh cost targets by the end of the decade, and a high-efficiency, low-cost thermal power cycle is one of the important components to achieve the goal. Supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) operated in a closed-loop Brayton cycle offers the potential of equivalent or higher cycle efficiency versus superheated or supercritical steam cycles at temperatures relevant for CSP applications. Brayton-cycle systems using s-CO2 have a smaller weight and volume, lower thermal mass, and less complex power blocks versus Rankine cycles due to the higher density of the fluid and simpler cycle design. The simpler machinery and compact size of the s-CO2 process may also reduce the installation, maintenance and operation cost of the system. C1 [Turchi, Craig S.; Ma, Zhiwen; Neises, Ty; Wagner, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Turchi, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM zhiwen.ma@nrel.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 375 EP 383 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300045 ER PT B AU Sengupta, M Wagner, M AF Sengupta, Manajit Wagner, Michael GP ASME TI ESTIMATING ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION IN CENTRAL RECEIVER SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE DNI; Attenuation Loss; Heliostat; Central Receiver; Aerosols; Visibility AB Atmospheric attenuation loss between a heliostat field and receiver has been recognized as a significant source of loss in Central Receiver System. Methods that can improve estimation of attenuation loss using available measurements will be useful in reducing uncertainty in estimation of CSP plant production, particularly in locations and climates that differ in atmospheric composition from typical arid desert locations. In clear sky situations, Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) is primarily impacted by aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols extinct direct radiation with the photons either being absorbed or scattered based on the aerosols optical characteristics. As aerosol loading is high close to the surface, the attenuation loss between heliostat and receivers is significantly influenced by amount of aerosols present on a particular day. The purpose of the study is to understand the impact of aerosols on attenuation loss and model this loss as a function of the ratio of measured DNI to a calculated DNI for an "aerosol-free" atmosphere. The assumption here is that the reduction in clear sky DNI due to aerosols when compared to a theoretical "clean environment" value can provide valuable information about aerosol loading at the surface and therefore attenuation loss between heliostat and receiver. Preliminary analysis shows that such an approach is viable. Historically, human observers have measured visibility on a daily basis. While these observations are subject to varying levels of uncertainty they may be a good indicator of atmospheric attenuation between heliostat and receiver. In this paper we will review historical and recent publications to show how visibility observations contain useful information for estimating attenuation loss in central receiver systems. We will also present a simple relationship that uses visibility observations to estimate heliostat to receiver attenuation for varying separation distances. C1 [Sengupta, Manajit; Wagner, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300048 ER PT B AU Stynes, JK Ihas, B AF Stynes, J. Kathleen Ihas, Benjamin GP ASME TI ABSORBER ALIGNMENT MEASUREMENT TOOL FOR SOLAR PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB As we pursue efforts to lower the capital and installation costs of parabolic trough solar collectors, it is essential to maintain high optical performance. While there are many optical tools available to measure the reflector slope errors of parabolic trough solar collectors, there are few tools to measure the absorber alignment. A new method is presented here to measure the absorber alignment in two dimensions to within 0.5 cm. The absorber alignment is measured using a digital camera and four photo grammetric targets. Physical contact with the receiver absorber or glass is not necessary. The alignment of the absorber is measured along its full length so that sagging of the absorber can be quantified with this technique. The resulting absorber alignment measurement provides critical information required to accurately determine the intercept factor of a collector C1 [Stynes, J. Kathleen] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Ihas, Benjamin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Thermal Syst Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stynes, JK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM stynesj@colorado.edu; Benjamin.lhas@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 437 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300053 ER PT B AU Calvet, N Meffre, A Gomez, JC Faik, A Olives, R Py, X Glatzmaier, GC Doppiu, S AF Calvet, Nicolas Meffre, Antoine Gomez, Judith C. Faik, Abdessamad Olives, Regis Py, Xavier Glatzmaier, Greg C. Doppiu, Stefania GP ASME TI POST-INDUSTRIAL CERAMICS COMPATIBILITY WITH HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS FOR LOW-COST THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS IN CSP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID TROUGH POWER-PLANTS AB This paper investigates the possibility of using a post-industrial ceramic commercially called Cofalit as a promising, sustainable, and inexpensive ($10/ton) thermal energy storage material. This ceramic presents relevant properties to store thermal energy by means of sensible heat in the temperature range of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants from ambient temperature up to 1100 degrees C. In the present study, the compatibility of this ceramic was studied with two conventional heat transfer fluids: nitrate molten salts for medium-temperature applications (200 to 500 degrees C) and air for high-temperature applications (500 to 900 degrees C). The use of this ceramic in direct contact with the heat transfer fluid should significantly reduce the cost of thermal energy storage systems in CSP applications and help to achieve the U.S. Department of Energy's SunShot Initiative cost targets. C1 [Calvet, Nicolas; Faik, Abdessamad; Doppiu, Stefania] CIC Energigune, Minano, Alava, Spain. [Meffre, Antoine; Olives, Regis; Py, Xavier] Univ Perpignan, PROMES CNRS, Perpignan, France. [Gomez, Judith C.; Glatzmaier, Greg C.] NREL, Golden, CO USA. RP Calvet, N (reprint author), CIC Energigune, Minano, Alava, Spain. RI owen, john/A-8736-2008 OI owen, john/0000-0002-4938-3693 FU Department of Industry, Innovation, Commerce and Tourism of Basque government; ETORTEK; French government; ANR [07_187635]; ANR SESCO [ANR-09-STOCK-E-09-03]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308] FX The work at CIC Energigune was supported by the Department of Industry, Innovation, Commerce and Tourism of the Basque government through the funding of the ETORTEK CIC Energigune-2011 research program. The work at the PROMES CNRS laboratory was supported by the French government through the funding of the ANR research programs: ANR SOLSTOCK MATEPRO (No. 07_187635) and ANR SESCO (No. ANR-09-STOCK-E-09-03). The work at NREL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 449 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300054 ER PT B AU Wagner, MJ Zhu, GD AF Wagner, Michael J. Zhu, Guangdong GP ASME TI A DIRECT-STEAM LINEAR FRESNEL PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR NREL'S SYSTEM ADVISOR MODEL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID TRAPEZOIDAL CAVITY ABSORBER; SOLAR CONCENTRATOR; HEAT-LOSS; GENERATION AB This paper presents the technical formulation and demonstrated model performance results of a new direct-steam-generation (DSG) model in NREL's(1) System Advisor Model (SAM). The model predicts the annual electricity production of a wide range of system configurations within the DSG Linear Fresnel technology by modeling hourly performance of the plant in detail. The quasi-steady-state formulation allows users to investigate energy and mass flows, operating temperatures, and pressure drops for geometries and solar field configurations of interest. The model includes tools for heat loss calculation using either empirical polynomial heat loss curves as a function of steam temperature, ambient temperature, and wind velocity, or a detailed evacuated tube receiver heat loss model. Thermal losses are evaluated using a computationally efficient nodal approach, where the solar field and headers are discretized into multiple nodes where heat losses, thermal inertia, steam conditions (including pressure, temperature, enthalpy, etc.) are individually evaluated during each time step of the simulation. This paper discusses the mathematical formulation for the solar field model and describes how the solar field is integrated with the other subsystem models, including the power cycle and optional auxiliary fossil system. Model results are also presented to demonstrate plant behavior in the various operating modes. C1 [Wagner, Michael J.; Zhu, Guangdong] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wagner, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michael.wagner@nrel.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 459 EP 466 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300055 ER PT B AU Miller, FJ Hunt, AJ AF Miller, Fletcher J. Hunt, Arlon J. GP ASME TI DEVELOPING THE SMALL PARTICLE HEAT EXCHANGE RECEIVER FORA PROTOTYPE TEST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID SOLAR RECEIVER; GENERATION; RADIATION; CLOUD AB The concept of absorbing concentrated solar radiation volumetrically, rather than on a surface, is being researched by several groups with differing designs for high temperature solar receivers. The Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER), one such design, is a gas-cooled central receiver capable of producing pressurized air in excess of 1100 C designed to be directly integrated into a Brayton-cycle power block to generate electricity from solar thermal power. The unique heat transfer fluid used in the SPHER is a low-density suspension of carbon nano-particles (diameter similar to 200 nm) to absorb highly concentrated solar radiation directly in a gas stream, rather than on a fixed absorber like a tube or ceramic foam. The nano-particles are created on-demand by pyrolyzing a small flow of natural gas in an inert carrier gas just upstream of the receiver, and the particle stream is mixed with air prior to injection into the receiver. The receiver features a window (or multiple windows, depending on scale) on one end to allow concentrated sunlight into the receiver where it is absorbed by the gas-particle suspension prior to reaching the receiver walls. As they pass through the receiver the carbon nano-particles oxidize to CO2 resulting a clear gas stream ready to enter a downstream combustor or directly into the turbine. The amount of natural gas consumed or CO2 produced is miniscule (1-2%) compared to what would be produced if the natural gas were burned directly to power a gas turbine. The idea of a SPHER, first proposed many years ago, has been tested on a kW scale by two different groups. In the new work, the engineering for a multi-MW SPHER is reported. An in-house Monte Carlo model of the radiation heat transfer in the gas-particle mixture has been developed and is coupled to FLUENT to perform the fluid dynamic calculations in the receiver. Particle properties (size distribution and complex index of refraction) are obtained experimentally from angular scattering and extinction measurements of natural gas pyrolysis in a lab-scale generator, and these are corroborated using image analysis of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of particles captured on a filter. A numerical model of the particle generator has been created to allow for scale-up for a large receiver. We have also designed a new window for the receiver that will allow pressurized operation up to 10 bar with a 2 m diameter window. Recent progress on overcoming the engineering challenges in developing this receiver for a prototype test is reported. C1 [Miller, Fletcher J.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Hunt, Arlon J.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Miller, FJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. FU Google.org [32-2008] FX The authors wish to thank Google.org, for providing funding for this research under grant agreement #32-2008. We also thank Steve Ruther and Adam Crocker for their work on the MCRT code, Onkar Mande for his research on the window, Ioana Broome for receiver structural modeling, and Mugdha Dokhale, Emily Mitchell, and Paul Schroeder for their work on the carbon particle generator. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 467 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300056 ER PT B AU Neises, T Wagner, MJ AF Neises, Ty Wagner, Michael J. GP ASME TI SIMULATION OF DIRECT STEAM POWER TOWER CONCENTRATED SOLAR PLANT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Power tower concentrated solar plants have the potential to reach temperatures higher than those achievable by a parabolic trough plant. These higher temperatures allow for greater power cycle efficiencies and therefore make power towers an attractive option and a growing topic of research. One common design is to pump water through the tower such that it boils and returns to the power cycle as saturated or superheated vapor One option to increase power cycle efficiency for a direct steam system is to send the steam exiting the high pressure turbine through a committed reheat receiver section and then through a low pressure turbine. This paper details a new semi-empirical, first-principles thermal model of a direct steam receiver consisting of dedicated boiler superheater and reheater sections. This thermal model integrated with a regression power cycle model and a heliostat field model in SAM - is used to simulate the pe7formance of a direct steam power tower concentrated solar plant and the analysis results are presented.(1) C1 [Neises, Ty; Wagner, Michael J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Neises, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ty.neises@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 497 EP 505 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300059 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Mahoney, AR Ambrosini, A Bencomo, M Hall, A Lambert, TN AF Ho, Clifford K. Mahoney, A. Roderick Ambrosini, Andrea Bencomo, Marlene Hall, Aaron Lambert, Timothy N. GP ASME TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PYROMARK 2500 FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SOLAR RECEIVERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Pyromark 2500 is a silicone-based high-temperature paint that has been used on central receivers to increase solar absorptance. The cost, application, curing methods, radiative properties, and absorber efficiency of Pyromark 2500 are presented in this paper for use as a baseline for comparison to high-temperature solar selective absorber coatings currently being developed. The directional solar absorptance was calculated from directional spectral absorptance data, and values for pristine samples of Pyromark 2500 were as high as 0.96 - 0.97 at near normal incidence angles. At higher irradiance angles (>40 degrees - 60 degrees), the solar absorptance decreased. The total hemispherical emittance of Pyromark 2500 was calculated from spectral directional emittance data measured at room temperature and 600 degrees C. The total hemispherical emittance values ranged from similar to 0.80 - 0.89 at surface temperatures ranging from 100 degrees C - 1,000 degrees C. The aging and degradation of Pyromark 2500 with exposure at elevated temperatures were also examined. Previous tests showed that solar receiver panels had to be repainted after three years due to a decrease in solar absorptance to 0.88 at the Solar One central receiver pilot plant. Laboratory studies also showed that exposure of Pyromark 2500 at high temperatures (750 degrees C and higher) resulted in significant decreases in solar absorptance within a few days. However, at 650 degrees C and below, the solar absorptance did not decrease appreciably after several thousand hours of testing. Finally, the absorber efficiency of Pyromark 2500 was determined as a function of temperature and irradiance using the calculated solar absorptance and emittance values presented in this paper. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Mahoney, A. Roderick; Ambrosini, Andrea; Bencomo, Marlene; Hall, Aaron; Lambert, Timothy N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 507 EP 516 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300060 ER PT B AU Habte, A Sengupta, M Wilcox, S AF Habte, Aron Sengupta, Manajit Wilcox, Stephen GP ASME TI COMPARING MEASURED AND SATELLITE-DERIVED SURFACE IRRADIANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE Global Solar Insolation Project; GSIP; Global Horizontal Irradiance; GHI AB The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) To examine the performance of the Global Solar Insolation Project (GSIP) physics-based model in characterizing global horizontal solar radiation across the United States by comparing to the ground measured data, and 2) to examine improvements of the GSIP data to address temporal and spatial variations. The study enumerates and examines the spatial and temporal limitations of the GSIP model. Most comparisons demonstrate relatively good statistical agreement. However, the methodology used in the satellite model to distinguish microclimate conditions presents significant challenges, and the model requires refinement in addressing aerosol estimates, water vapor estimates, and clear sky optical properties. Satellite derived datasets are only available at half-hour intervals. Surface measurement can easily be made at temporal resolution in the order of seconds. Therefore intra-hour variability, an important quantity for understanding how power production in power plants will vary, cannot be directly derived from satellites. This paper illustrates how intra-hour variability in ground measurements cannot be captured by the satellite based datasets. We also discuss the potential for improved next-generation geostationary satellite data to improve the accuracy of surface radiation estimates. C1 [Habte, Aron; Sengupta, Manajit; Wilcox, Stephen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Habte, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aron.habte@nrel.cov; Manajit.Sengupta@nrel.pov; stephen.wilcox@nrel.pov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 559 EP 564 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300066 ER PT B AU Gray, A Lewandowski, A AF Gray, Allison Lewandowski, Allan GP ASME TI SENSITIVITIES IN FITTING A PARABOLIC TROUGH FACET SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB The collector accuracy requirements for parabolic trough systems are a function of the concentrator and receiver geometry. As the current trend is to use larger trough designs the need for higher accuracy is generally more important. Concentrating solar power (CSP) companies developing and deploying collectors need to meet stringent optical performance requirements and thus require accurate surface characterization instruments to validate that performance. All reflective characterization processes are sensitive to the instrument resolution, experimental setup, data fitting process, and analysis. Small changes in any of these factors can impact the estimated optical performance. It is desirable to have total local surface measurement uncertainties less than 0.5 milliradians (mrad) for a parabolic trough reflector and many instruments are capable of achieving this. Most surface characterization instruments perform a fitting process on measured data that yields a best fit description of the collector surface using some sort of polynomial. Because of this relationship it is desirable to have a robust fitting process. The type and order of the fitted polynomial and fitting process are the two major contributors to describing a facet's surface based on the measured data. The order of the polynomial can increase or decrease the accuracy of surface description relative to the true surface. This is a function of the existing aberrations in the facet and the surface naturally described by the polynomial. An accurate description of a surface is typically obtained by performing a least squares fit on measured surface data relative to the polynomial. The best analytical description of the surface is achieved when residual errors relative to the polynomial are minimized. The difference between measured data and the best fit description is completed using an iterative process. However, not all surface imperfections on a single reflector can be accurately described with a polynomial as an exact mathematical description of the surface can never be truly achieved. Local positional errors exist in isolated areas of a facet cannot always be fit accurately. The sensitivity in the best fit description of the surface and the surface resulting from the fitting process using higher order polynomials will be discussed in this paper. The change in calculated facet location and surface slope are compared to determine the sensitivity of the process. The results are then used to calculate the intercept factor using ray tracing and estimate the sensitivity in this calculated performance metric. C1 [Gray, Allison; Lewandowski, Allan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gray, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 599 EP 608 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300071 ER PT B AU Price, DW Goedeke, SM Lausten, MW Kirkpatrick, K AF Price, Dave W. Goedeke, Shawn M. Lausten, Mark W. Kirkpatrick, Keith GP ASME TI UNDERSTANDING SOLAR POWER PERFORMANCE RISK AND UNCERTAINTY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Performance Test Codes (PTCs) have provided the power industry with the premier source of guidance for conducting and reporting performance tests of their evolving base technologies of power producing plants and supporting components. With an overwhelming push for renewable energy in recent years, ASME PTCs are in the development of similar standards for the testing of concentrating solar thermal technologies based power plants by the formation of a committee to develop "PTC 52, Performance Test Code on Concentrated Solar Plants", on July 2009. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Sun Shot Initiative goal is to reduce costs and eliminate market barriers to make large-scale solar energy systems cost-competitive with other forms of energy by the end of the decade. The ASME PTC-52 similarly removes critical barriers hindering deployment and speeds the implementation of concentrating solar power technologies by reducing commercial risk by facilitating performance testing procedures with quantified uncertainty. As with any commercialization of power producing technologies, clearly defining risk and providing methods to mitigate those risks are essential in providing the confidence necessary to secure investment funding. The traditional power market accomplishes this by citation of codes and standards in contracts; specifically ASME PTCs which supply commercially accepted guidelines and technical standards for performance testing to validate the guarantees of the project (Power Output, Heat Rate, Efficiency, etc.). Thus providing the parties to a power project with the tools they need to ensure that the planned project performance was met and the proper transfer of funds are accomplished. To enable solar energy systems to be fully embraced by the power industry, they must have similar codes and standards to mitigate commercial risks associated with contractual acceptance testing. The ASME PTC 52 will provide these standard testing methods to validate Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems performance guarantees with confidence. This paper will present the affect that solar resource variability and measurement accuracies have on concentrating solar field performance uncertainty based on calculation methods like those used for conventional fossil power plants. Measurement practices and methods will be discussed to mitigate that uncertainty. These uncertainty values will be correlated to the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and LCOE sensitivities will be derived. The results quantify the impact of resource variability during testing, test duration and sampling rate to annual performance calculation. These uncertainties will be further associated with costs and risks based on typical technology performance guarantees. The paper will also discuss how the development of standard measurements and calculation methods help to produce lower uncertainty associated with the overall plant result, which is already being accomplished by ASME PTCs in conventional power generation. C1 [Price, Dave W.; Goedeke, Shawn M.; Kirkpatrick, Keith] McHale & Associates Inc, 4700 Coster Rd, Knoxville, TN 37912 USA. [Lausten, Mark W.] SRA Int, US Dept Energy, Washington, DC 20858 USA. RP Price, DW (reprint author), McHale & Associates Inc, 4700 Coster Rd, Knoxville, TN 37912 USA. EM dave.price@mchale.org; shawn.goedeke@mchale.org; mark.lausten@ee.doe.gov; keith@mchale.org FU U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative FX This work has been supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative. All information presented herein is clear for public release. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 613 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300073 ER PT B AU Chen, DT Reynolds, G Gray, A Ihas, B Curtis, G Molnar, A Hackbarth, D Vezzuto, R AF Chen, Daniel T. Reynolds, Glenn Gray, Allison Ihas, Ben Curtis, Gary Molnar, Attila Hackbarth, Dean Vezzuto, Robert GP ASME TI NEXT GENERATION PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR COLLECTORS FOR CSP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB In order for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) to become a significant contributor to utility scale baseload power, dramatic reductions in cost and increases in performance must be achieved. 3M Company and Gossamer Space Frames have developed advanced collectors that are centered on a step-change in solar technology aimed at transforming the economics and industrialization of CSP. In particular, we focus on mirror film based reflective materials, stiff and shape accurate panel constructions, and lightweight and accurate space frames. These technology elements have been combined into a new parabolic collector design with an aperture of 7.3 m and length of 12 m. The geometric concentration ratio of the design is 103, far exceeding current designs. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has measured an intercept factor exceeding 99% on the subject collector fielded at SEGS II (Daggett, CA). The successful implementation of this technology platform has implications for new solar collector designs for both point and line focus systems. C1 [Chen, Daniel T.; Molnar, Attila] 3M Renewable Energy Div, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Reynolds, Glenn; Curtis, Gary; Hackbarth, Dean; Vezzuto, Robert] Gossamer Space Frames, Huntington Beach, CA USA. [Gray, Allison; Ihas, Ben] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Chen, DT (reprint author), 3M Renewable Energy Div, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 629 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300075 ER PT B AU Feldhoff, JF Hofmann, C Huebner, S Kammesheidt, JO Kilbane, M Kulik, JB Pilli, S Schubert, F Tsutsui, W Tung, C AF Feldhoff, Jan Fabian Hofmann, Carina Huebner, Stefan Kammesheidt, Jan Oliver Kilbane, Martin Kulik, Julie Bachmann Pilli, Siva Schubert, Franco Tsutsui, Waterloo Tung, Charlene GP ASME TI SHAPING OUR FUTURE WITH SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: A DIRECTION FROM YOUNG ENGINEERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE energy policy; sustainability; renewable energies AB It is broadly accepted that current energy systems should become more sustainable in both a global and local context. However, setting common goals and shared objectives and determining the appropriate means by which to get there is the subject of heavy debate. Therefore, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the German Association of Engineers (VDI) initiated a joint project aimed at providing a young engineers' perspective to the global energy conversation. The young engineer project teams set a common goal of assembling a completely sustainable energy system for the U.S. and Germany by 2050. This includes not only the electricity market, but the overall energy system. Based on the current global energy paradigm, a completely sustainable energy system seems very ambitious. However, multiple analyses show that this path is possible and would in the medium to long run not only be desirable, but also competitive in the market. This future 'energy puzzle' consists of many important pieces, and the overall picture must be shaped by an overarching strategy of sustainability. Besides the many detailed pieces, four main critical issues must be addressed by engineers, politicians and everybody else alike. These challenges are: 1) Rational use of energy: This uncomfortable topic is rather unappealing to communicate, but is a key issue to reduce energy demand and to meet the potentials of renewable energy carriers. ii) Balancing of electricity demand and generation: This is a challenge to the electricity markets and infrastructures that are currently designed for base-load, mainly fossil power plants. The overall mix of renewable energy generation, storage technologies, grid infrastructure, and power electronics will decide how efficient and reliable a future energy system will be. iii) Cost efficiency and competitiveness: It is a prerequisite for industrialized countries to stay competitive and to establish RE in the market. Developing economic technologies while at the same time establishing a strong RE market is the secret of success. iv) Acceptance of the system and its consequences: The best energy strategy cannot be realized without broad public acceptance for it. Therefore, the understanding of the energy technologies and an objective discussion must be promoted - without old fashioned emotionalizing of certain risks. The paper will present details on the four mentioned aspects, compare the situations between the U.S. and Germany, and propose solutions for appropriate political frame conditions to achieve a sustainable energy system. C1 [Feldhoff, Jan Fabian] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Solar Res, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Hofmann, Carina] Univ Appl Sci Mittelhessen, Dept Engn Mech, Gieflen, Germany. [Huebner, Stefan] Linde AG, Munich, Germany. [Kammesheidt, Jan Oliver] Int Ind Sector Manager Renewable Energy, Rittal GmbH & Co KG, Herbom, Germany. [Kilbane, Martin] Pearne & Gordon, Cleveland, OH USA. [Kulik, Julie Bachmann] Worley Parsons, Dept Engn Mech, Reading, PA USA. [Pilli, Siva] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Schubert, Franco] Leipzig Univ Appl Sci, Energy & Environm Engn, Leipzig, Germany. [Tsutsui, Waterloo] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Tung, Charlene] GE Water Syst & Proc Technol, Oakville, ON, Canada. RP Feldhoff, JF (reprint author), German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Solar Res, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM jan.feldhoff@dlr.de; charlene.tung@ge.com FU American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME); German Association of Engineers (VDI) FX The authors would like to thank the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the German Association of Engineers (VDI) for the funding and promotion of this joint project. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 659 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300079 ER PT B AU Colella, WG Pilli, SP AF Colella, Whitney G. Pilli, Siva P. GP ASME TI ENERGY SYSTEM AND THERMOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER FUEL CELL SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE combined heat and power; CHIP; stationary fuel cells; commercial buildings; high temperature proton exchange membrane; HTPEM; economic analysis AB The United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE)'s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is spearheading a program with industry to deploy and independently monitor five kilowatt-electric (kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) fuel cell systems (FCSs) in light commercial buildings. This publication discusses results from PNNL's research efforts to independently evaluate manufacturer-stated engineering, economic, and environmental performance of these CHP FCSs at installation sites. The analysis was done by developing parameters for economic comparison of CHP installations. Key thermodynamic terms are first defined, followed by an economic analysis using both a standard accounting approach and a management accounting approach. Key economic and environmental performance parameters are evaluated, including (1) the average per unit cost of the CHP FCSs per unit of power, (2) the average per unit cost of the CHP FCSs per unit of energy, (3) the change in greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollution emissions with a switch from conventional power plants and furnaces to CHP FCSs; (4) the change in GHG mitigation costs from the switch; and (5) the change in human health costs related to air pollution. CHP FCS heat utilization is expected to be less than 100% at several installation sites. Specifically at six of the installation sites, during periods of minimum building heat demand (i.e. summer season), the average in-use CHP FCS heat recovery efficiency based on the higher heating value of natural gas is expected to be only 24.4%. From the power perspective, the average per unit cost of electrical power is estimated to span a range from $15 19,000/kilowatt-electric (kWe) (depending on site-specific changes in installation, fuel, and other costs), while the average per unit cost of electrical and heat recovery power varies between $7,000 and $9,000/kW. From the energy perspective, the average per unit cost of electrical energy ranges from $0.38 to $0.46/kilowatt-hour-electric (kWhe), while the average per unit cost per unit of electrical and heat recovery energy varies from $0.18 to $0.23/kWh. These values are calculated from engineering and economic performance data provided by the manufacturer (not independently measured data). The GHG emissions were estimated to decrease by one-third by shifting from a conventional energy system to a CHP FCS system. The GHG mitigation costs were also proportional to the changes in the GHG gas emissions. Human health costs were estimated to decrease significantly with a switch from a conventional system to a CHP FCS system. A unique contribution of this paper, reported for the first time here, is the derivation of the per unit cost of power and energy for a CHP device from both standard and management accounting perspectives. These expressions are shown in Eq. (21) and Eq. (31) for power, and in Eq. (24) and Eq. (34) for energy. This derivation shows that the average per. unit cost of power is equal to the average per unit cost of electric power applying a management accounting approach to this latter calculation. This term is also equal to the average per unit cost of heat recovery power applying a management accounting approach. A similar set of relations hold for the average per unit cost of energy. These derivations underscore the value of using Eq. (21) for economic analyses to represent the average per unit cost of electrical power, heat recovery power, or both, and using and Eq. (24) for energy. C1 [Colella, Whitney G.; Pilli, Siva P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Colella, WG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 729 EP 748 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300086 ER PT B AU Krishnan, S Leith, S Hendricks, T AF Krishnan, Shankar Leith, Steve Hendricks, Terry GP ASME TI ENHANCED GAS-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER IN RECTANGULAR MICRO-HONEYCOMBS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID DISSIPATION AB Gas and air-side heat transfer is ubiquitous throughout many technological sectors, including HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) systems, thermo-electric power generators and coolers, renewable energy, electronics and vehicle cooling, and forced-draft cooling in the petrochemical and power industries. The poor thermal conductivity and low heat capacity of air causes air-side heat transfer to typically dominate heat transfer resistance even with the use of extended area structures. In this paper, we report design, analysis, cost modeling, fabrication, and performance characterization of micro-honeycombs for gas-side heat transfer augmentation in thermoelectric (TE) cooling and power systems. Semi-empirical model aided by experimental validation was undertaken to characterize fluid flow and heat transfer parameters. We explored a variety of polygonal shapes to optimize the duct shape for air-side heat transfer enhancement. Predictions using rectangular micro-honeycomb heat exchangers, among other polygonal shapes, suggest that these classes of geometries are able to provide augmented heat transfer performance in high-temperature energy recovery streams and low-temperature cooling streams. Based on insight gained from theoretical models, rectangular micro-honeycomb heat exchangers that can deliver high performance were fabricated and tested. High- and low-cost manufacturing prototype designs with different thermal performance expectations were fabricated to explore the cost-performance design domain. Simple metrics were developed to correlate heat transfer performance with heat exchanger cost and weight and define optimum design points. The merits of the proposed air-side heat transfer augmentation approach are also discussed within the context of relevant thermoelectric power and cooling systems. C1 [Krishnan, Shankar; Leith, Steve; Hendricks, Terry] MicroProd Breakthrough Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Krishnan, S (reprint author), MicroProd Breakthrough Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM shankar.krishnan@pnnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 867 EP 874 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300100 ER PT B AU Cho, H Fumo, N AF Cho, Heejin Fumo, Nelson GP ASME TI UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FOR DIMENSIONING SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAYS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB As the world population increases, so does their demand for energy. The demand of energy is mainly in the form of electricity with an origin primarily from fossil fuels. Since solar photovoltaic technology has the ability to convert solar energy directly into electricity, this technology has become one of the most popular alternatives at all scales for substitution of technology that uses fossil fuels. However, a limiting factor for the massive use solar photovoltaic technology is economics. A key component in the overall strategy to overcome the economic limitation of solar photovoltaic technology is the system size optimization at the design stage. At the design stage, data related to the solar energy availability, energy demand, and equipment performance is used to determine the size of the equipment while being able to satisfy the targeted peak energy demand. In general, a common engineering safety factor is used to ensure the system to meet the energy demand during its life cycle operation. The sizing procedure of solar photovoltaic systems can be further improved to be more reliable and economical when the uncertainty in the design process is considered. This paper presents a framework to perform an uncertainty analysis that can lead to improve sizing process for solar photovoltaic arrays. Through results from the application of the proposed approach, a reliable interval for the size of the photovoltaic array is found that can lead to more accurate and economic design compared to the use of common engineering safety factors. C1 [Cho, Heejin] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fumo, Nelson] Univ Texas Tyler, Tyler, TX USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 897 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300104 ER PT B AU Sengupta, M AF Sengupta, Manajit GP ASME TI USING HIGH RESOLUTION SOLAR MEASUREMENT IN PV VARIABILITY STUDIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Clouds, aerosols, water vapor and other atmospheric constituents influence solar energy reaching the earth's surface. Each of these atmospheric constituents has it's own inherent scale of temporal and spatial variability and they in turn influence the variability in the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface. This combined influence of the atmospheric constituents and their separate variability characteristics makes solar variability modeling a complicated task. Output from photovoltaic (PV) power plants is dependent on the amount of solar energy reaching the surface. Therefore variability in solar radiation results in variability in PV plant output. The issue of variability in PV plant output has become important in the last couple of years as utility scale PV plants go online and increase in size. Understanding variability in PV plant output requires an understanding of (a) the spatial and temporal variability of solar radiation; (b) the influence of this solar variability on PV plant output. The goal of this paper is to understand what temporal and spatial scales of variability in Global Horizontal Radiation (GM) are important to a PV plants and what measurements are needed to be able to characterize them. As solar radiation measuring instruments are point receivers it is important to understand how those measurements translate to energy received over a larger spatial extent. Also of importance is the temporal nature of variability characterized not at a single point on the ground but over large spatial areas. In this research we use high temporal and spatial resolution measurements from multiple time synchronized solar radiation sensors to create solar radiation fields at various spatial and temporal scales using a wide range of interpolation techniques. These solar fields are then used to create plant power output for various size PV plants. As various interpolation schemes can produce different distributions we investigate the impact of interpolation schemes on Gill and power output distribution. While power output from PV plants is an important quantity the temporal variability of power is a matter of concern to utilities. In this paper we show how PV plant output varies across different time scales. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 915 EP 918 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300106 ER PT B AU Florita, AR Brackney, LJ Otanicar, TP Robertson, J AF Florita, Anthony R. Brackney, Larry J. Otanicar, Todd P. Robertson, Jeffrey GP ASME TI CLASSIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING ELECTRICAL DEMAND PROFILES FOR ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID RENEWABLE ENERGY; THERMAL MASS; SYSTEMS AB Commercial buildings have a significant impact on energy and the environment, utilizing more than 18% of the total primary energy consumption in the United States. Analyzing commercial building electrical demand profiles is crucial to understanding the relationships between buildings and the electrical grid for assessment of supply-demand interaction issues and potential; of particular importance are supply- or demand-side energy storage assets and the value they bring to various stakeholders in the Smart Grid context. This research develops and applies a systematic analysis framework to a Department of Energy (DOE) commercial building database containing electrical demand profiles representing the United States commercial building stock as specified by the 2003 Commercial Buildings Consumption Survey (CBECS) and as modeled in the EnergyPlus building energy simulation tool. The analysis procedure relies on three primary steps: I) discrete wavelet transformation of the electrical demand profiles, 2) energy and entropy feature extraction from the wavelet scales, and 3) Bayesian probabilistic hierarchical clustering of the features to classify the buildings in terms of similar patterns of electrical demand. The process yields a categorized and more manageable set of representative electrical demand profiles, inference of the characteristics influencing supply-demand interactions, and a test bed for quantifying the impact of applying energy storage technologies. C1 [Florita, Anthony R.; Brackney, Larry J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Resources & Bldg Syst Integrat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Otanicar, Todd P.; Robertson, Jeffrey] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. RP Florita, AR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Resources & Bldg Syst Integrat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM anthony.florita@nrel.gov FU NREL FX TPO and JR would like to acknowledge the DOE FaST program for the opportunity to conduct this research, and would like to thank NREL for continued support in pursuit of this topic. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 1041 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300120 ER PT B AU Kintner-Meyer, MCW Nguyen, TB Jin, CL Balducci, PJ Elizondo, MA Viswanathan, VV Zhang, Y Colella, WG AF Kintner-Meyer, Michael C. W. Nguyen, Tony B. Jin, Chunlian Balducci, Patrick J. Elizondo, Marcelo A. Viswanathan, Vilayanur V. Zhang, Yu Colella, Whitney G. GP ASME TI EVALUATING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENERGY STORAGE FOR MITIGATING THE STOCHASTIC, VARIABLE ATTRIBUTES OF RENEWABLES ON THE GRID SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Energy storage has recently attracted significant interest as an enabling technology for integrating stochastic, variable renewable power into the electric grid. To meet the renewable portfolio standards targets imposed by 29 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, electricity production from wind technology has increased significantly. At the same time, wind turbines, like many renewables, produce power in a manner that is stochastic, variable, and non-dispatchable. These attributes introduce challenges to generation scheduling and the provision of ancillary services. To study the impacts of the stochastic variability of wind on regional grid operation and the role that energy storage could play to mitigate these impacts, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed a series of linked, complex techno-economic-environmental models to address two key questions: A) What are the future expanded balancing requirements necessary to accommodate enhanced wind turbine capacity, so as to meet the renewable portfolio standards in 2020? Specific analyses are conducted for the four North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) western subregions. B) What are the most cost-effective technological solutions for providing either fast ramping generation or energy storage to serve these balancing requirements? PNNL applied a stochastic approach to assess the future, expanded balancing requirements for the four western subregions with high wind penetration in 2020. The estimated balancing requirements are quantified for four subregions: Arizona-New Mexico-Southern Nevada (AZ-NM-SNV), California-Mexico (CA-MX), Northwest Power Pool (NWPP), and Rocky Mountain Power Pool (RMPP). Model results indicate that the new balancing requirements will span a spectrum of frequencies, from minute-to-minute variability (intra-hour balancing) to those indicating cycles over several hours (inter-hour balancing). The sharp ramp rates in the intra-hour balancing are of significant concern to grid operators. Consequently, this study focuses on analyzing the intrahour balancing needs. A detailed, life-cycle cost (LCC) modeling effort was used to assess the cost competitiveness of different technologies to address the future intra-hour balancing requirements. Technological solutions considered include combustion turbines, sodium sulfur (NaS) batteries, lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries, pumped-hydro energy storage (PHES), compressed air energy storage (CABS), flywheels, redox flow batteries, and demand response (DR). Hybrid concepts were also evaluated. For each technology, distinct power and energy capacity requirements are estimated. LCC results for the sole application of intra-hour balancing indicate that the most cost competitive technologies include Na-S batteries, flywheels, and Li-ion assuming future cost reductions. Demand response using smart charging strategies was found to also be cost-competitive with natural gas combustion turbines. This finding is consistent among the four subregions and is generally applicable to other regions. C1 [Kintner-Meyer, Michael C. W.; Nguyen, Tony B.; Jin, Chunlian; Balducci, Patrick J.; Elizondo, Marcelo A.; Viswanathan, Vilayanur V.; Zhang, Yu; Colella, Whitney G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kintner-Meyer, MCW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 1073 EP 1080 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300124 ER PT B AU Hogan, RE Miller, JE James, DL Chen, KS Diver, RB AF Hogan, R. E. Miller, J. E. James, D. L. Chen, K. S. Diver, R. B. GP ASME TI MODELING CHEMICAL AND THERMAL STATES OF REACTIVE METAL OXIDES IN A CR5 SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL HEAT ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY - 2012, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUL 23-26, 2012 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID CERIA; CO2 AB "Sunshine to Petrol" is a grand-challenge research project at Sandia National Laboratories with the objective of creating a technology for producing feedstocks for making liquid fuels by splitting carbon dioxide (and water) using concentrated solar energy [1]. A reactor-level performance model is described for computing the solar-driven thermochemical splitting of carbon dioxide via a two-step metal-oxide cycle. The model simulates the thermochemical performance of the Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver/Reactor/Recuperator (CR5). The numerical model for computing the reactor thermochemical performance is formulated as a system of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations describing the energy and mass transfer within each reactive ring and radiative energy transfer between adjacent rings. In this formulation, each of the counter-rotating rings is treated in a one-dimensional sense in the circumferential direction; supporting circumferential temperature and species gradients with assumed negligible gradients in both the radial and axial directions. The model includes radiative heat transfer between adjacent counter-rotating rings, variations in the incident solar flux distribution, heat losses to the reactor housing, and energy of reaction associated with the reduction and oxidation reactions. An overview of the physics included in this first-generation numerical model will be presented. Preliminary results include the circumferential distributions of temperature and species within each of the reactive rings. The computed overall chemical conversion efficiency will be presented for a range of design and operating parameters; including ring speed, carrier ring mass, reactive material loading, radiative emissivity, and differing incident flux distributions. C1 [Hogan, R. E.; Miller, J. E.; Chen, K. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [James, D. L.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX USA. [Diver, R. B.] Div Solar, LLC, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Hogan, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors gratefully appreciate the assistance of Drs. M. D. Allendorf and A. H. McDaniel, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA for providing preliminary kinetics and thermodynamics data for ceria redox reactions. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, in the form of a Grand Challenge project entitled Reimagining Liquid Transportation Fuels: Sunshine to Petrol. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4481-6 PY 2012 BP 1137 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HE UT WOS:000335710300131 ER PT B AU Cowart, JS Fischer, W Hamilton, LJ Caton, PA Sarathy, SM Pitz, WJ AF Cowart, Jim S. Fischer, Warren Hamilton, Len J. Caton, Patrick A. Sarathy, S. Mani Pitz, William J. GP ASME TI HYDROTREATED RENEWABLE JET FUEL IGNITION DELAY PERFORMANCE IN A MILITARY DIESEL ENGINE: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc AB In an effort towards predicting the combustion behavior of a new fuel in a conventional diesel engine, Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel was first run in a military diesel engine across the entire speed-load operating range. Ignition delay was characterized for this fuel at each operating condition. Next, a HRJ surrogate fuel was developed in order to predict the combustion performance of this new renewable fuel. A chemical ignition delay was then predicted across the speed-load range using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism model based on an 8-component surrogate representative of HRJ. The modeling suggests that rich fuel-air parcels developed from the diesel spray are the first to ignite. The chemical ignition delay results also show decreasing ignition delays with increasing engine load and speed just as shown by the empirical data. A moderate difference between the total and chemical ignition delays was then characterized as a physical delay period which scales inversely with engine speed. The approach used in this study suggests that the ignition delay and thus start of combustion may be predicted with reasonable accuracy allowing for the analytical assessment of the acceptability of a new fuel in a conventional engine. C1 [Cowart, Jim S.; Fischer, Warren; Hamilton, Len J.; Caton, Patrick A.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Sarathy, S. Mani; Pitz, William J.] LLNl, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cowart, JS (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RI Sarathy, S. Mani/M-5639-2015 OI Sarathy, S. Mani/0000-0002-3975-6206 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Sharon Beerman-Curtin and the Office of Naval Research (ONR) for their support of this work. Appreciation is also extended to Mr. Taylor Holland and AM General for providing the test engine. The work at LLNL performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 153 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100016 ER PT B AU Curran, SJ Szybist, JP Wagner, RM AF Curran, Scott J. Szybist, James P. Wagner, Robert M. GP ASME TI REACTIVITY CONTROLLED COMPRESSION IGNITION PERFORMANCE WITH RENEWABLE FUELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc AB Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion makes use of in-cylinder blending of two fuels with differing reactivity to tailor the reactivity of the fuel charge for improved control of the combustion process. This approach has been shown in simulations and engine experiments to have the potential for high efficiency with very low NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Previous multi-cylinder RCCI experiments have been completed to understand the potential of this approach under more real-world conditions in a light-duty multi-cylinder engine (MCE) with production viable hardware. MCE experiments explored fuel injection strategy, dilution levels, piston geometry (including compression ratio), and fuel properties. Many renewable fuels have unique properties which enable expanded operation of advanced combustion methods for higher engine efficiency and lower energy requirements for emissions control devices. This study investigates the effect that renewable gasoline and diesel fuel replacements have on the load-expansion of RCCI, performance and emissions. The study focuses on ethanol blends for replacement of gasoline as the port-injected fuel (PEI) and biodiesel blends as the replacement for the direct injected (DI) fuel. C1 [Curran, Scott J.; Szybist, James P.; Wagner, Robert M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Curran, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. OI Curran, Scott/0000-0002-4665-0231 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 479 EP 487 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100046 ER PT B AU Aithal, SM AF Aithal, S. M. GP ASME TI A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NOX COMPUTATION METHODS COUPLED TO QUASI-DIMENSIONAL MODELS IN SI ENGINES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc ID SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES; PERFORMANCE AB Quasi-dimensional models are widely used in the design, development and analyses of automotive engines. Various phenomenological and empirical relations are used in these models to reduce the computational load compared to multidimensional models. These quasi-dimensional models have also been used to calculate NOx, soot and HCs using various reduced chemistry/simplified models. The extended Zeldovich mechanism is widely used for finite-rate NOx computations in these quasi-dimensional models. However, there are several simplifying assumptions in the rate equation used for the NOx computations. This paper compares the traditional method of finite-rate NOx computations with full finite-rate chemistry without the simplifying assumptions used in the former method. NOx formation in a stationary engine is studied using a single zone and two-zone (burned and unburned zone) using a 6-reaction, 7-species model. A detailed comparison of the two methods of NO computation is presented Analyses of the temporal variation of NO predicted using these two approaches is also presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aithal, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 677 EP 686 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100065 ER PT B AU Senecal, PK Pomraning, E Richards, KJ Som, S AF Senecal, P. K. Pomraning, E. Richards, K. J. Som, S. GP ASME TI GRID-CONVERGENT SPRAY MODELS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CFD SIMULATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc AB A state-of-the-art spray modeling methodology is presented. Key features of the methodology, such as Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR), advanced liquid-gas momentum coupling, and improved distribution of the liquid phase, are described. The ability of this approach to use cell sizes much smaller than the nozzle diameter is demonstrated. Grid convergence of key parameters is verified for non-evaporating, evaporating, and reacting spray cases using cell sizes down to 1/32 mm. Grid settings are recommended that optimize the accuracy/runtime tradeoff for RANS-based spray simulations. C1 [Senecal, P. K.; Pomraning, E.; Richards, K. J.] Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Som, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Senecal, PK (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created in collaboration with UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 697 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100067 ER PT B AU Raju, M Wang, M Senecal, PK Som, S Longman, DE AF Raju, Mandhapati Wang, Mingjie Senecal, P. K. Som, Sibendu Longman, Douglas E. GP ASME TI A REDUCED DIESEL SURROGATE MECHANISM FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc ID CHEMICAL KINETIC MECHANISMS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; GENETIC ALGORITHMS; REDUCTION METHOD; REACTIVE FLOW; N-HEPTANE; MODELS; ELIMINATION; CHEMISTRY; RANGES AB A skeletal mechanism with 117 species and 472 reactions for a Diesel surrogate i.e., n-heptane, was developed. The detailed mechanism for n-heptane created by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was employed as the starting mechanism. The detailed mechanism was then reduced with an enhancement of the Direct Relation Graph (DRG) technique called Parallel DRG-with Error Propagation and Sensitivity Analysis (PDRGEPSA). The reduction was performed for pressures from 20 to 80 atm, equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 2, and an initial temperature range of 600-1200 K, covering the compression ignition (CI) engine conditions. Extensive validations were performed against both 0-D simulations with the detailed mechanism and experimental data for spatially homogeneous systems. In order to perform three-dimensional turbulent spray-combustion and engine simulations, the mechanism was integrated with the multi-zone model in the CONVERGE CFD software to accelerate the calculation of detailed chemical kinetics. The Engine Combustion Network (ECN) data from Sandia National Laboratory was used for validation purposes along with single-cylinder Caterpillar engine data. The skeletal mechanism was able to predict various combustion characteristics accurately such as ignition delay and flame lift-off length (LOL) under different ambient conditions. The performance of the multi-zone solver with respect to the full cell-by-cell chemistry solver (SAGE) is compared for the Caterpillar engine simulation and a good match is obtained with significant speed-up of computational time for the multi-zone solver. C1 [Raju, Mandhapati; Wang, Mingjie; Senecal, P. K.] Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. [Som, Sibendu; Longman, Douglas E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Raju, M (reprint author), Convergent Sci Inc, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created in collaboration with UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 711 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100068 ER PT B AU Saxena, S Bedoya, ID Shah, N Phadke, A AF Saxena, Samveg Dario Bedoya, Ivan Shah, Nihar Phadke, Amol GP ASME TI UNDERSTANDING LOSS MECHANISMS AND IDENTIFYING AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT FOR HCCI ENGINES USING DETAILED EXERGY ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc ID COMBUSTION AB This paper presents a detailed exergy analysis of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines, including a crank-angle resolved breakdown of mixture exergy and exergy destruction. Exergy analysis is applied to a multi-zone HCCI simulation including detailed chemical kinetics. The HCCI simulation is validated against engine experiments for ethanol-fueled operation. The exergy analysis quantifies the relative. importance of different loss mechanisms within HCCI engines over a range of engine operating conditions. Specifically, four loss mechanisms are studied for their relative impact on exergy losses, including 1) the irreversible combustion process (16.4-21.5%), 2) physical exergy lost to exhaust gases (12.0-18.7%), 3) heat losses (3.9-17.1%), and 4) chemical exergy lost to incomplete combustion (4.7-37.8%). The trends in each loss mechanism are studied in relation to changes in intake pressure, equivalence ratio, and engine speed as these parameters are directly used to vary engine power output. This exergy analysis methodology is proposed as a tool to inform research and design processes, particularly by identifying the relative importance of each loss mechanism in determining engine operating efficiency. C1 [Saxena, Samveg; Shah, Nihar; Phadke, Amol] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dario Bedoya, Ivan] Univ Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. RP Saxena, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [ACO205CH11231] FX This study is part of a research effort at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory that is using exergy analysis as a research portfolio analysis tool to quantify and compare the efficiency gains that can be achieved by guiding the strategic direction of research and development funding in various technology areas. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO205CH11231. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 723 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100069 ER PT B AU Scarcelli, R Kastengren, AL Powell, CF Wallner, T Matthias, NS AF Scarcelli, Riccardo Kastengren, Alan L. Powell, Christopher F. Wallner, Thomas Matthias, Nicholas S. GP ASME TI HIGH-PRESSURE GASEOUS INJECTION: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF GAS DYNAMICS AND MIXING EFFECTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION FALL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE - 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference CY SEP 23-26, 2012 CL Westport Innovat Inc, Vancouver, CANADA SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Westport Innovat Inc AB While the transportation field is mostly characterized by the use of liquid fuels, gaseous fuels like hydrogen and natural gas have shown high thermal efficiency and low exhaust emissions when used in internal combustion engines (ICEs). In particular, high-pressure direct injection of a gaseous fuel within the cylinder overcomes the loss of volumetric efficiency and allows stratifying the mixture around the spark plug at the ignition time. Direct injection and mixture stratification can extend the lean flammability limit and improve efficiency and emissions of ICEs. Compared to liquid sprays, the phenomena involved in the evolution of gaseous jets are less complex to understand and model. Nevertheless, the numerical simulation of a high-pressure gas jet is not a simple task. At high injection pressure, immediately downstream of the nozzle exit the flow is supersonic, the gas is under-expanded, and a large series of shocks occurs due to the effect of compressibility. To simulate and capture these phenomena, grid resolution, computational time-step, discretization scheme, and turbulence model need to be properly set. . The research group on hydrogen ICEs at Argonne National Laboratory has been extensively working on validating numerical results on gaseous direct injection and mixture formation against PIV and PLIF data from an optically accessible engine. While a good general agreement was observed, simulations still could not perfectly predict the mixing of fuel with the surrounding air, which sometimes led to significant under-prediction of fuel dispersion. The challenge is to correctly describe the gas dynamic phenomena of under-expanded gas jets. To this aim, x-ray radiography was performed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne to provide high-detail data of the mass distribution within a high-pressure gas jet, with the main focus on the under-expanded region. In this paper, the numerical simulation of high-pressure (100 bar) injection of argon in a cylindrical chamber is performed using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solver Fluent. Numerical results of jet penetration and mass distribution are compared with x-ray data. The simplest nozzle geometry, consisting of one hole with a diameter of 1 mm directed along the injector axis, is chosen as a canonical case for modeling validation. A sector (900) mesh, with high resolution in the under-expanded region, is used and the assumption of symmetry is made. Results show good agreement between CM and x-ray data. Gas dynamics and mass distribution within the jet are well predicted by numerical simulations. C1 [Scarcelli, Riccardo; Kastengren, Alan L.; Powell, Christopher F.; Wallner, Thomas; Matthias, Nicholas S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scarcelli, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5509-6 PY 2012 BP 793 EP 801 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XX UT WOS:000335097100075 ER PT B AU Ramirez, AI Som, S LaRocco, LA Rutter, TP Longman, DE AF Ramirez, Anita I. Som, Sibendu LaRocco, Lisa A. Rutter, Timothy P. Longman, Douglas E. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATING THE USE OF HEAVY ALCOHOLS AS A FUEL BLENDING AGENT FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino ID DIESEL; BIODIESEL; OIL; COMBUSTION; SPRAY AB There has been an extensive worldwide search for alternate fuels that fit with the existing infrastructure and would thus displace fossil-based resources. In metabolic engineering work at Argonne National Laboratory, strains of fuel have been designed that can be produced in large quantities by photosynthetic bacteria, eventually producing a heavy alcohol called phytol (C20H40O). Phytol's physical and chemical properties (cetane number; heat of combustion, heat of vaporization, density, surface tension, vapor pressure, etc.) correspond in magnitude to those of diesel fuel, suggesting that phytol might be a good blending agent in compression ignition (CI) engine applications. The main reason for this study was to investigate the feasibility of using phytol as a blending agent with diesel; this was done by comparing the performance and emission characteristics of different blends of phytol (5%, 10%, 20% by volume) with diesel. The experimental research was performed on a single-cylinder engine under conventional operating conditions. Since phytol's viscosity is much higher than that of diesel, higher-injection-pressure cases were investigated to ensure the delivery of fuel into the combustion chamber was sufficient. The influence of the fuel's chemical composition on performance and emission characteristics was captured by doing an injection timing sweep. Combustion characteristics as shown in the cylinder pressure trace were comparable for the diesel and all the blends of phytol at each of the injection timings. The 5% and 10% blends show lower CO and similar NOx values. However, the 20% blend shows higher NOx and CO emissions, indicating that the chemical and physical properties have been altered substantially at this higher percentage. The combustion event was depicted by performing high-speed natural luminosity imaging using endoscopy. This revealed that the higher in-cylinder temperatures for the 20% blend are the cause for its higher NOx emissions. In addition, three-dimensional simulations of transient, turbulent nozzle flow were performed to compare the injection and cavitation characteristics of phytol and its blends. Specifically, area and discharge coefficients and mass flow rates of diesel and phytol blends were compared under corresponding engine operating conditions. The conclusion is that phytol may be a suitable blending agent with diesel fuel for CI applications. C1 [Ramirez, Anita I.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Som, Sibendu; LaRocco, Lisa A.; Rutter, Timothy P.; Longman, Douglas E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ramirez, AI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 151 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000016 ER PT B AU Ciatti, S Subramanian, SN Ferris, A AF Ciatti, Stephen Subramanian, Swami Nathan Ferris, Alison GP ASME TI EFFECT OF EGR IN A GASOLINE OPERATED DIESEL ENGINE IN LTC MODE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino AB Conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions' regulations while retaining high engine efficiency. Specifically in automotive diesel engines, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. By comparison, throttled, knock-limited conventional gasoline operated SI engines tend not to be fuel efficient. Advanced combustion systems that simultaneously address PM and NOx while retaining the high efficiency of modern diesel engines, are being developed around the globe [1]. One of the most difficult problems in the area of advanced combustion technology development is the control of combustion initiation [2] and retaining power density [3]. During the past several years, significant progress has been accomplished in reducing emissions of NOx and PM through strategies such as LTC/HCCI/PCCI/PPCI and other advanced combustion processes; however control of ignition and improving power density has suffered to some degree advanced combustion engines tend to be limited to the 10 bar BMEP range and under [4]. Experimental investigations have been carried out on a light duty, DI, multi cylinder, diesel automotive engine. The engine is operated in low temperature combustion technology with 87 RON (Research Octane Number) fuel [7]. Using an Ignition Quality Test (IQT) device, the equivalent Cetane Number (CN) was measured to be 25. In the present work, various EGR rates are examined to determine the effect on the combustion, emissions and performance. Experiments were conducted at three different engine load/speed combinations that are part of General Motors' reference points for vehicle operation. To reduce the complexity, boost pressure and injection pressure and timing were kept constant while EGR percentage and intake temperature were used as parameters in this study. The intake temperature was not truly independent, as it trended with EGR level, but based upon the boost level and the available EGR cooling, Intake Air Temperature (IAT) was kept in the range of 40-80 deg C. Additional cooling capacity will be added in future work in an effort to keep TAT more consistent. EGR rates have a detrimental effect on engine efficiencies at lower load while it appears to have little effect on efficiency at higher loads. A more significant effect at very low load appears to be higher intake temperatures (hot EGR) as opposed to the very slight decrease in oxygen concentration. C1 [Ciatti, Stephen; Subramanian, Swami Nathan] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ferris, Alison] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Ciatti, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 215 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000022 ER PT B AU Johnson, MV Goldsborough, SS Smith, TA McConnell, SS AF Johnson, Michael V. Goldsborough, S. Scott Smith, Timothy A. McConnell, Steven S. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATING TRENDS IN SIMULATED IGNITION TIMING ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF CONDITIONS INCLUDING FUEL REACTIVITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino ID RAPID COMPRESSION FACILITY; ISOOCTANE IGNITION; HCCI ENGINES; THERMODYNAMIC REQUIREMENTS; DIESEL-ENGINE; COMBUSTION; MODEL; OXIDATION; PRESSURE AB Continued interest in kinetically-modulated combustion regimes, such as HCCI and PCCI, poses a significant challenge in controlling the ignition timing due to the lack of direct control of combustion phasing hardware available in traditional SI and CI engines. Chemical kinetic mechanisms, validated based on fundamental data from experiments like rapid compression machines and shock tubes, offer reasonably accurate predictions of ignition timing; however utilizing these requires high computational cost making them impractical for use in engine control schemes. Empirically-derived correlations offer faster control, but are generally not valid beyond the narrow range of conditions over which they were derived. This study discusses initial work in the development of an ignition correlation based on a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for three component gasoline surrogate, composed of n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene, or toluene reference fuel (TRF). Simulations are conducted over a wide range of conditions including temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and dilution for a range of tri-component blends in order to produce ignition delay time and investigate trends in ignition as pressure, equivalence ratio, temperature and fuel reactivity are varied. A modified, Arrhenius-based power law formulation will be used in a future study to fit the computed ignition delay times. C1 [Johnson, Michael V.; Goldsborough, S. Scott; Smith, Timothy A.; McConnell, Steven S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, MV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 261 EP 271 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000026 ER PT B AU Manin, J Kastengren, A Payri, R AF Manin, Julien Kastengren, Alan Payri, Raul GP ASME TI UNDERSTANDING THE ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS OBSERVED IN THE INJECTION RATE OF A COMMON-RAIL DI DIESEL INJECTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino ID METHODOLOGY; GEOMETRY; NOZZLE AB Measuring the rate of injection of a common-rail injector is one of the first steps for diesel engine development. At the same time, this information is of prime interest for engine research and modeling as it drives spray development and mixing. On the other hand, the widely used long-tube method provides results that are neither straightforward, nor fully understood. This study performed on a 0.09 mm axially drilled single-hole nozzle is part of the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) and aims at analyzing these features from an acoustic point of view to separate their impact on the real injection process and on the results recorded by the experimental devices. Several tests have been carried out for this study including rate of injection and momentum, X-ray phase-contrast of the injector and needle motion or injector displacement. The acoustic analysis revealed that these fluctuations found their origin in the sac of the injector and that they were the results of an interaction between the fluid in the chamber (generally gases) and the liquid fuel to be injected. It has been observed that the relatively high oscillations recorded by the long-tube method were mainly caused by a displacement of the injector itself while injecting. In addition, the results showed that these acoustic features also appear on the momentum flux of the spray which means that the real rate of injection should present such behavior C1 [Manin, Julien] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kastengren, Alan] Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Payri, Raul] Univ Politecn Valencia, CMT Motores Termicos, Valencia, Spain. RP Manin, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jmanin@sandia.gov RI Payri, Raul/B-3662-2009 OI Payri, Raul/0000-0001-7428-5510 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]; Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program FX The authors want to thank both Christopher Powell from Argonne National Laboratory and Jose Enrique del Rey from CMT - Motores Termicos for their support during the experiments. The X-ray measurements in this work were performed at the 7-BM and 32-ID beamlines of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The work performed at Argonne and the use of the APS are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357 and by the Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program. The authors acknowledge the support of this work from the Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program, with Gurpreet Singh as a Team Leader. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 379 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000036 ER PT B AU Sahoo, D Petersen, BR Miles, PC AF Sahoo, Dipankar Petersen, Benjamin R. Miles, Paul C. GP ASME TI THE IMPACT OF SWIRL RATIO AND INJECTION PRESSURE ON FUEL-AIR MIXING IN A LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino AB Toluene fuel-tracer laser-induced fluorescence is employed to quantitatively measure the equivalence ratio distributions in the cylinder of a light-duty diesel engine operating in a low-temperature, high-EGR, and early-injection operating mode. Measurements are made in a non-combusting environment at crank angles capturing the mixture preparation period: from the start-of-injection through the onset of high-temperature heat release. Three horizontal planes are considered: within the clearance volume, the bowl rim region, and the lower bowl. Swirl ratio and injection pressure are varied independently, and the impact of these parameters on the mixture distribution is correlated to the heat release rate and the engine-out emissions. As the swirl ratio or injection pressure is increased, the amount of over-lean mixture in the upper central region of the combustion chamber, in the bowl rim region and above, also increases. Unexpectedly, increased injection pressure results in a greater quantity of over-rich mixture within the squish volume. C1 [Sahoo, Dipankar; Petersen, Benjamin R.; Miles, Paul C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sahoo, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 393 EP 404 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000037 ER PT B AU Johnson, MV Duncan, S McConnell, SS AF Johnson, Michael V. Duncan, Samuel McConnell, Steven S. GP ASME TI STARTUP AND IDLE EMISSIONS ANALYSIS OF A 2009 VW JETTA USING PEMS SEMTECHD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino AB A 2009 Volkswagen Jetta was tested using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) SemtechD emissions analyzer to determine when the emissions and fuel consumption will be the smallest in regards to startup vs. idle emissions. An idle time equivalent was calculated to determine when idle emissions became equal to startup emissions at four different ambient temperatures for a cold start. The mass of Total Hydrocarbons (THC) emitted limited the idle time equivalent to less than the startup time for all ambient temperatures. The temperature of the Catalytic Converter (CC) was monitored to determine how quickly the car cools down and therefore, how beneficial it is to turn the car off after a certain time period. For the temperature range tested, it was more beneficial for reduced emissions to turn off the car compared to idling by a factor of at least four. The data suggests a trend that idling would never be the best option; however, more testing needs to be done with a greater range of CC cool down temperatures to confirm this initial assessment. C1 [Johnson, Michael V.; Duncan, Samuel; McConnell, Steven S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, MV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000045 ER PT B AU Som, S Longman, DE AF Som, Sibendu Longman, Douglas E. GP ASME TI NOZZLE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF ALTERNATE FUELS FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE DIVISION SPRING TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference CY MAY 06-09, 2012 CL Politecn Torino, Torino, ITALY SP ASME, Internal Combus Engine Div HO Politecn Torino ID DIESEL; BIODIESEL; OIL; COMBUSTION; INJECTOR; SPRAY AB Inner nozzle flow characteristics (e.g., cavitation, turbulence, injection velocity) are known to affect spray development and hence combustion and emissions. Our previous studies showed that petrodiesel and biodiesel (soybean-based fuels) had very different cavitation and turbulence characteristics, which caused differences in spray breakup, penetration, dispersion, etc. Specifically, the atomization characteristics of biodiesel were worse than those of diesel; they were a direct consequence of biodiesel's reduced cavitation and turbulence levels at the nozzle exit. In this study, the nozzle flow characteristics of biodiesel (from different feedstocks like tallow, soy, rapeseed, cuphea, and hydrotreated vegetable oil [HVO]) were compared with those of diesel. The first step was to obtain data on the physical properties of these fuels (e.g., their density, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure) at different temperatures. At full-needle open position, the cavitation contours scaled with the vapor pressure and viscosity; hence, methyl esters such as soy (SME), rapeseed (RME), and tallow (TME) exhibited less cavitation. The nozzle discharge coefficient, exit velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rate at the orifice exit were also compared for these fuels. Transient effects due to needle movement upon the inception of cavitation were studied. The effects of different needle-lift profiles (pertaining to various load conditions) on the nozzle flow development of these fuels were also characterized. This study also provides data on the critical boundary conditions for spray simulations from using the Kelvin Helmholtz-aerodynamic cavitation turbulence (KH-ACT) model, which accounts for cavitation and turbulence-induced breakup in addition to aerodynamic breakup. C1 [Som, Sibendu; Longman, Douglas E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Som, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4466-3 PY 2012 BP 703 EP 714 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XU UT WOS:000335091000066 ER PT B AU Hopkins, JB AF Hopkins, Jonathan B. GP ASME TI SYNTHESIZING PARALLEL FLEXURE CONCEPTS THAT MIMIC THE COMPLEX KINEMATICS OF SERIAL FLEXURES USING DISPLACED SCREW SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2011, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Parallel and serial flexure systems; screw theory; freedom and constraint spaces ID DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM; MANIPULATORS; MECHANISMS; MOBILITY; GEOMETRY AB The aim of this paper is to introduce the theory necessary to synthesize a new type of parallel flexure system that mimics the complex kinematics of serial flexure systems using a comprehensive library of geometric shapes that represent systems of screws. By displacing these shapes far from the system's motion stage, designers may rapidly visualize every parallel flexure concept that possesses degrees of freedom (DOFs), which approximate DOFs only achievable by serial flexure systems for small motions. In this way, designers may generate every flexure concept that utilizes the advantages of both parallel and serial flexure systems. This paper's impact is most significant to the design of precision motion stages, optical mounts, microscopy stages, and general purpose flexure bearings. Two case studies are provided to demonstrate the utility of this theory. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hopkins, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hopkins30@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5483-9 PY 2012 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BA4KW UT WOS:000335932600005 ER PT B AU Olsen, BM Howell, LL Magleby, SP AF Olsen, Brian M. Howell, Larry L. Magleby, Spencer P. GP ASME TI COMPLIANT MECHANISM ROAD BICYCLE BRAKE: A RIGID-BODY REPLACEMENT CASE STUDY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2011, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID FLEXURE SYSTEM CONCEPTS; DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM; TOPOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS AB This paper demonstrates rigid-body replacement synthesis in the design a mechanism with known design objectives. The design of high-performance bicycle brakes is complicated by a variety of competing design objectives, including increased performance and low weight. But this challenge also provides a good case study to demonstrate the design of compliant mechanisms to replace traditional rigid-link mechanisms. This paper briefly reviews current road brake designs, demonstrates the use of rigid-body replacement synthesis to design a compliant mechanism, and illustrates the combination of compliant mechanism design tools. The resulting concept was generated from the modified dual-pivot brake design and is a partially compliant mechanism where one pin has the dual role of a joint and a mounting pin. The pseudo-rigid-body model, finite element analysis, and optimization algorithms are used to generate design dimensions, and designs are considered for both titanium and E-glass flexures. The resulting design has the potential of reducing the part count and overall weight while maintaining a performance similar to the benchmark. C1 [Olsen, Brian M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Howell, Larry L.; Magleby, Spencer P.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Olsen, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bolsen@lanl.gov; lhowell@byu.edu; magleby@byu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5483-9 PY 2012 BP 245 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BA4KW UT WOS:000335932600027 ER PT B AU Brown, TL Aslam, TD Schmiedeler, JP AF Brown, Travis L. Aslam, Tariq D. Schmiedeler, James P. GP ASME TI DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM TIME RENDEZVOUS POINTS FOR MULTIPLE MOBILE ROBOTS VIA LEVEL SET METHODS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2011, VOL 6, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID MULTIROBOT; EFFICIENT; SCHEMES AB This paper addresses the problem of finding the minimum time rendezvous point for a geographically distributed group of heterogeneous mobile robots. In contrast to the traditional treatment of the multi-agent rendezvous problem, focus is given mainly to the identification of the globally optimal solution rather than the behavior of the system based on a given control policy. Level sets are introduced as a tool to solve this problem by first computing an arrival time map for each robot, subject to speed, terrain, and dynamic constraints. The computation is parallelizable by requiring each agent to generate its own arrival time map. The arrival time maps can be easily combined to give the overall minimum time rendezvous point. Despite the apparent simplicity of this approach, it is capable of accommodating numerous complicating factors with minimal modification while simultaneously generating a target path trajectory for each robot through the state-space. Examples involving ground, sea, and air robots are used to illustrate the power of this technique. C1 [Brown, Travis L.; Schmiedeler, James P.] Univ Notre Dame, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Aslam, Tariq D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, TL (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM tbrown14@nd.edu; aslam@lanl.gov; schmiedeler.4@nd.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5483-9 PY 2012 BP 787 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BA4KW UT WOS:000335932600085 ER PT B AU Segalman, DJ Starr, MJ AF Segalman, Daniel J. Starr, Michael J. GP ASME TI IWAN MODELS AND THEIR PROVENANCE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID INVERSION AB Iwan models have had some exposure recently in modeling the nonlinear response of individual joints. This popularity can be ascribed to their mathematical simplicity, their versatility, and their ability to capture the important responses of mechanical joints under unidirectional loads. There is a lot of history to this category of model. Masing explored kinematic hardening of metals with a model consisting of ten Jenkins elements in series. Soon after, Prandtl explored the behavior of a continuous distribution of such elements. Ishlinskii explored the mathematical structure of such continuous distributions. Much more recently, Iwan demonstrated practical application of such models in capturing various sorts of metal plasticity. Among the features that make such models interesting is a simple relationship between the asymptotic nature of the integral kernel at small values and the power-law relation between force amplitude and dissipation per cycle in harmonic loading. Iwan provided several differential equations for deducing the kernel from force-displacement relations. Segalman and Starr devised methods for deducing kernels from force-displacement curves of arbitrary Masing models. This is illustrated to generate a BPII model equivalent to the Ramberg-Osgood plasticity model. The Segalman-Starr relationship is used to find relationships among several other plasticity models. C1 [Segalman, Daniel J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,Mail Stop 9042, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Starr, Michael J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Segalman, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,Mail Stop 9042, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM djsegal@sandia.gov; mjstarr@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4500-4 PY 2012 BP 441 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XW UT WOS:000335091200052 ER PT B AU Brake, MR AF Brake, M. R. GP ASME TI THE EFFECT OF THE IMPACT MODEL ON VIBRATION RESPONSE OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 1, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; HARMONIC EXCITATION; DYNAMICAL-SYSTEMS; RESTITUTION; COEFFICIENT; PIECEWISE; CONTACT; SPHERES; OPTIMIZATION; STABILITY AB Impact is a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in mechanical design; however, the modeling of impacts in complex systems is often a simplified, imprecise process. In many high fidelity finite element simulations, the number of elements required to accurately model the constitutive properties of an impact event is impractical. As a result, rigid body dynamics with approximate representations of the impact dynamics are commonly used. These approximations can include a constant coefficient of restitution, an artificially large penalty stiffness, or a single degree of freedom constitutive model for the impact dynamics that is specific to the type of materials involved (elastic, plastic, viscoelastic, etc.). In order to understand the effect of the impact model on the system's dynamics, simulations are conducted to investigate a single degree of freedom, two degrees of freedom, and continuous system each with rigid stops limiting the amplitude of vibration. Five contact models are considered: a coefficient of restitution method, a penalty stiffness method, two similar elastic-plastic constitutive models, and a dissimilar elastic-plastic constitutive model. Frequency sweeps show that simplified contact models can lead to incorrect assessments of the system's dynamics and stability. In the worst case, periodic behavior can be predicted in a chaotic regime. Additionally, the choice of contact model can significantly affect the prediction of wear and damage in the system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brake, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mrbrake@sandia.gov NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4500-4 PY 2012 BP 767 EP 780 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA3XW UT WOS:000335091200086 ER PT B AU Muth, D Koch, J McCorkle, D Bryden, K AF Muth, David, Jr. Koch, Joshua McCorkle, Douglas Bryden, Kenneth GP ASME TI A COMPUTATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EQUIPMENT THAT ADDRESSES SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE REMOVAL AT THE SUBFIELD SCALE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div ID CORN STOVER; SOIL-WATER; METHODOLOGY AB Agricultural residues are the largest potential near term source of biomass for bioenergy production. Sustainable use of agricultural residues for bioenergy production requires consideration of the important role that residues play in maintaining soil health and productivity. Innovation equipment designs for residue harvesting systems can help economically collect agricultural residues while mitigating sustainability concerns. A key challenge in developing these equipment designs is establishing sustainable reside removal rates at the sub-field scale. Several previous analysis studies have developed methodologies and tools to estimate sustainable agricultural residue removal by considering environmental constraints including soil loss from wind and water erosion and soil organic carbon at field scale or larger but have not considered variation at the sub-field scale. This paper introduces a computational strategy to integrate data and models from multiple spatial scales to investigate how variability of soil, grade, and yield within an individual cornfield can impact sustainable residue removal for bioenergy production. This strategy includes the current modeling tools (i.e., RUSLE2, WEPS, and SCI), the existing data sources (i.e., SSURGO soils, CLIGEN, WINDGEN, and NRCS managements), and the available high fidelity spatial information (i.e., LiDAR slope and crop yield monitor output). Rather than using average or representative values for crop yields, soil characteristics, and slope for a field, county, or larger area, the modeling inputs are based on the same spatial scale as the precision farming data available. There are three challenges for developing an integrated model for sub-field variability of sustainable agricultural residue removal-the computational challenge of iteratively computing with 400 or more spatial points per hectare, the inclusion of geoprocessing tools, and the integration of data from different spatial scales. Using a representative field in Iowa, this paper demonstrates the computational algorithms used and establishes key design parameters for an innovative residue removal equipment design concept. C1 [Muth, David, Jr.; Koch, Joshua] US DOE, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [McCorkle, Douglas] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Bryden, Kenneth] Lowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. RP Muth, D (reprint author), US DOE, Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. FU DOE's Office of Biomass Programs; Sun Grant Initiative through the Biomass Regional Feedstock Partnership FX This work was funded in part by the DOE's Office of Biomass Programs. The authors gratefully acknowledge the significant support from all partners in the DOE Biomass Regional Feedstock Partnership Program. The authors also gratefully acknowledge David Muth Sr. for providing study data. Professor Bryden gratefully acknowledges the funding support of the Sun Grant Initiative through the Biomass Regional Feedstock Partnership. the equipment design would be required to adapt across the full range of 0% to 80% removal. One question that arises is whether a smaller range of residue removal would be nearly as effective. Figure 3 provides perspective on the machine performance requirements for the case study field by representing the spatially explicitly results in Fig. 2e to a histogram that the percentage of field area and percentage of sustainable agricultural residue collected at each of the modeled removal rates. Figure 3 shows that the 45% removal rate covers the largest percentage of the field and provides the largest percentage of the residue. Figure 3 also shows that in Field 1, a residue harvester with the capability to adjust between 40% 65% residue removals would collect 91% of the sustainably removable residue mass. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4501-1 PY 2012 BP 1287 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4KX UT WOS:000335932700137 ER PT B AU Hopkins, JB Lange, KJ Spadaccini, CM AF Hopkins, Jonathan B. Lange, Kyle J. Spadaccini, Christopher M. GP ASME TI SYNTHESIZING THE COMPLIANT MICROSTRUCTURE OF THERMALLY ACTUATED MATERIALS USING FREEDOM, ACTUATION, AND CONSTRAINT TOPOLOGIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers Information in Engineering Conference CY AUG 12-15, 2012 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE microstructural architecture design; screw theory; zero or negative thermal expansion; thermal actuators; freedom actuation and constraint topologies; FACT ID FLEXURE SYSTEM CONCEPTS; DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM; ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION; OPTIMIZATION; EXPANSION; DESIGN; FACT AB The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the principles of the Freedom, Actuation, and Constraint Topologies (FACT) synthesis approach may be applied to the design of compliant microstructural architectures that possess extreme or unusual thermal expansion properties (e.g., zero or large negative thermal expansion coefficients). FACT provides designers with a comprehensive library of geometric shapes, which may be used to visualize the regions wherein various microstructural elements can be placed for achieving desired bulk material properties. In this way, designers can rapidly consider and compare every microstructural concept that best satisfies the design requirements before selecting the final design. A screw-theory-based analytical tool is also provided in this paper to help designers calculate and optimize the thermal properties of microstructural concepts, which are generated using FACT As a case study, this tool is used to calculate the negative thermal expansion coefficient of a micro structural architecture synthesized using FACT C1 [Hopkins, Jonathan B.; Lange, Kyle J.; Spadaccini, Christopher M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hopkins, JB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hopkins30@llnl.gov; lange9@llnl.gov; spadaccini2@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4503-5 PY 2012 BP 249 EP 258 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BA4KV UT WOS:000335932500028 ER PT B AU Lee, SY Jordan, JM Hensel, SJ AF Lee, S. Y. Jordan, J. M. Hensel, S. J. BE Cheta, A TI THERMAL MODELING ANALYSIS OF SRS 70 TON CASK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE (PVP-2011), VOL 7 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference CY JUL 17-21, 2011 CL Baltimore, MD SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div DE Shipping Cask; Computational Heat Transfer; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Thermal Performance AB The primary objective of this work was to perform the thermal calculations to evaluate the Material Test Reactor (MTR) fuel assembly temperatures inside the SRS 70-Ton Cask loaded with various bundle powers. MTR fuel consists of HFBR, MURR, MIT, and NIST. The MURR fuel was used to develop a bounding case since it is the fuel with the highest heat load. The results will be provided for technical input for the SRS 70 Ton Cask Onsite Safety Assessment. The calculation results show that for the SRS 70 ton dry cask with 2750 watts total heat source with a maximum bundle heat of 670 watts and 9 bundles of MURR bounding fuel, the highest fuel assembly temperatures are below about 263 degrees C. Maximum top surface temperature of the plastic cover is about 112 degrees C, much lower than its melting temperature 260 degrees C. For 12 bundles of MURR bounding fuel with 2750 watts total heat and a maximum fuel bundle of 482 watts, the highest fuel assembly temperatures are bounded by the 9 bundle case. The component temperatures of the cask were calculated by a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics approach. The modeling calculations were performed by considering daily-averaged solar heat flux. C1 [Lee, S. Y.; Jordan, J. M.; Hensel, S. J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM si.lee@srnl.doe.gov; jeffrey.jordan@srnl.doe.gov; steve.hensel@srnl.doe.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4457-1 PY 2012 BP 429 EP 437 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BFL61 UT WOS:000320411500062 ER PT B AU Beerer, D McDonell, V Therkelsen, P Cheng, RK AF Beerer, David McDonell, Vincent Therkelsen, Peter Cheng, Robert K. GP ASME TI FLASHBACK, BLOW OUT, EMISSIONS, AND TURBULENT DISPLACEMENT FLAME SPEED MEASUREMENTS IN A HYDROGEN AND METHANE FIRED LOW-SWIRL INJECTOR AT ELEVATED PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID PREMIXED GAS-TURBINES; LIMITS AB This paper reports on a work in progress study measuring flashback, blow out, emissions and turbulent displacement flame speeds in a low swirl injector operated at elevated pressures and inlet temperatures with hydrogen and methane based fuels in an optically accessible combustor rig. The goal is to extend the knowledge of low-swirl flames at conditions relevant to gas turbine engines. Testing was conducted at pressures ranging from 3 to 6 atm, inlet temperatures from 290 to 600K, and inlet bulk velocities from 20 to 60 m/s for natural gas and a 90%/10% by volume hydrogen/methane blend. Blow out limits for natural gas were found to be independent of pressure and inlet temperature but weakly dependent on velocity. Flashback limits for hydrogen were found to be independent of inlet temperature but strongly dependent on velocity and pressure. Local displacement turbulent flame speeds for methane were measured and appear to coincide with atmospheric pressure data in the literature. NO emissions for both fuels were found to be exponentially dependent upon firing temperature, but emissions for the high hydrogen content flames were consistently higher than natural gas flames. C1 [Beerer, David; McDonell, Vincent] UC Irvine Combust Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Therkelsen, Peter; Cheng, Robert K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McDonell, V (reprint author), UC Irvine Combust Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM mcdonell@uciel.uci.edu FU California Energy Commission (CEC) under direction of Marla Mueller [500-08-034] FX The authors would like to thank the students and staff at the UCICL for their assistance, specifically Adrian Narvaez Joe Velasco, Mema Ibrahim, Anthony Jordan, Guillermo Gomez, Rich Hack and Scott Samuelsen. The authors also thank David Littlejohn (LBNL) and Bobby Noble (Georgia Tech) for helpful discussions with the experimental set up. Most of the experimental set up was funded under Contract No. 500-08-034 with the California Energy Commission (CEC) under the direction of Marla Mueller. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4468-7 PY 2012 BP 113 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HI UT WOS:000335720800012 ER PT B AU Therkelsen, PL Littlejohn, D Cheng, RK AF Therkelsen, Peter L. Littlejohn, David Cheng, Robert K. GP ASME TI PARAMETRIC STUDY OF LOW-SWIRL INJECTOR GEOMETRY ON ITS OPERABILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 2, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID PREMIXED GAS-TURBINES AB The low swirl injector (LSI) is a combustion technology being developed for low-emissions fuel-flexible gas turbines. The basic LSI configuration consists of an annulus of swirl vanes centered on a non-swirled channel, both of which allow for the passage of premixed reactants. LSIs are typically designed by following a general guidance of achieving a swirl number between 0.4 and 0.55. This paper aims to develop a more specific guideline by investigating the effects of varying geometry, i.e. vane angle, vane shape, and center channel size, on the LSI performance. A well-studied LSI provides a baseline for this investigation. Nine LSI variations from this baseline design have been evaluated. All LSI are tested with CH4 fuel at bulk flow velocity of 8 to 20 m/s firing into the open atmosphere. Performance metrics are the lean blowoff limit, the pressure drop, flowfield characteristics and emissions. Results show that the lean. blow-off limit and NO and CO emissions are insensitive to LSI geometric variations. The flowfields of seven LSIs exhibit self-similarity implying their turndown ranges are similar. Reducing the center channel size and/or the use of thin vanes instead of thickened vanes can reduce pressure drop across the LSI. Additionally, all ten LSI share a common feature in that 70% to 80% the premixture flows through the vane annulus. These findings are used to develop a more specific engineering guidelines for designing the LSI for gas turbines. C1 [Therkelsen, Peter L.; Littlejohn, David; Cheng, Robert K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Therkelsen, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4468-7 PY 2012 BP 309 EP 318 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA4HI UT WOS:000335720800030 ER PT B AU Siw, SC Chyu, MK Alvin, MA AF Siw, Sin Chien Chyu, Minking K. Alvin, Mary Anne GP ASME TI Heat Transfer Enhancement of Internal Cooling Passage with Triangular and Semi-Circular Shaped Pin-Fin Arrays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID MASS-TRANSFER; PRESSURE LOSS; ENDWALL; CYLINDER; SURFACE; FLOW AB A systematic experimental study has been conducted to explore the heat transfer behavior of triangular and semicircular shaped pin-fin arrays as compared to the circular shaped pin-fin array, that serve as a baseline case. The main advantage of using triangular and semi-circular shaped pin-fin arrays will results in reduced component weight and potentially increases in heat transfer performance. Three staggered arrays with different inter-pin spacing in both transverse and longitudinal are explored in order to determine the optimal configuration for these three dimensional element. Both semi-circular and circular shaped pin-fin arrays are based on typical inter-pin spacing of 2.5 times the pin diameter. The channel geometry (width, W=76.2mm, height, E=25.4mm) simulates an internal cooling passage of wide aspect ratio (3:1) in a gas turbine airfoil. All pin-fin elements are fully bridged from one endwall to the opposite endwall. The Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic diameter of the unobstructed cross-section and the mean bulk velocity, ranges from 10,000 to 25,000. The heat transfer measurement employs a hybrid liquid crystal imaging technique, which combined one-dimensional, transient conduction model and lumped heat-capacitance model. Triangular pin-fin arrays produce the highest heat transfer enhancement, while the semi-circular pin-fin array yields the lowest heat transfer enhancement. Sharp edges at each triangular pin-fin generated more wake and turbulence, resulting in more mixing, induces greater heat transfer enhancement by approximately 10%-20% as compared to the typical pin-fins of circular cross-section. More uniform heat transfer is also observed on the endwall and neighboring pin-fins ill all triangular shaped pin-fm arrays. However, triangular pin-fin arrays give the highest pressure loss due to the largest induced form drag among all cases, while circular pin-fin array exhibits the lowest pressure loss. C1 [Siw, Sin Chien; Chyu, Minking K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Siw, SC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DEFE-0004000] FX This research effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory under Contract DEFE-0004000. The authors wish to thank Mr. Richard Dennis at DOE NETL for his continued support. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 493 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900045 ER PT B AU Siw, SC Chyu, MK Alvin, MA AF Siw, Sin Chien Chyu, Minking K. Alvin, Mary Anne GP ASME TI Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Pressure Characteristics Of Zig-Zag Channels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID 2-PASS SQUARE CHANNELS; SMOOTH; TURNS; FLOW AB Described in this paper is a study combining experiment and CFD simulation to explore the heat transfer characteristics of an internal cooling passage with different turning angles ranging from 70, 90 and 110 degrees. When adjacent passages are connected by a turn in a periodic fashion, the channel exhibits a "zig-zag" pattern, and hence the name. The test channel has a cross-section of 63.5mm by 25.4mm, corresponding to the aspect ratio of 2.5:1. This specific design with several turns will generate additional secondary vortices while providing longer flow path that allows coolant to remove a greater heat load before being discharged downstream. The computational study employs a commercially available CFD code, ANSYS CFX. As a significant finding, the numerical simulation suggested that the case with 110 degree turns has the best heat transfer performance. An experimental study thus is followed to investigate the detailed surface heat transfer distribution on the 110 degree case using the transient liquid crystal technique. The overall heat transfer coefficient characteristics except near the turning region are found to be comparable between the experimental and numerical simulation. Pressure loss in these test channels is several folds higher than that of straight smooth test channel due to the presence of turns; but is it significant lower than the limiting case with a 180-degree turn. The case with 70 degree turns has the highest pressure loss, while the case with 110 degree turns has the lowest pressure loss. Internal channels of zig-zag configurations might be a viable design for internal cooling of an airfoil mainbody or trailing edge while serving the purpose of bridging structures between the pressure and suction sides. C1 [Siw, Sin Chien; Chyu, Minking K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, National Energy Technolo, PA 15236 USA. RP Siw, SC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. FU National Energy Technology Laboratory [DEFE-0004000] FX This research effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory under Contract DEFE-0004000. The authors wish to thank Mr. Richard Dennis at DOE NETL for his continued support. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 505 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900046 ER PT B AU Lee, CS Shih, TIP Bryden, KM Ames, R Dennis, RA AF Lee, C. -S. Shih, T. I-P Bryden, K. M. Ames, R. Dennis, R. A. GP ASME TI Flow and Heat Transfer in a Jet-Impingement Configuration with no Cross Flows about Impinging Jets SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID TURBULENT; FLUX AB Computations were performed to study the, flow and heat transfer in a jet-impingement configuration in which there is no cross flow about the impinging cooling jets. The configuration consists of two sets of staggered arrays of holes with one array of holes for jets to impinge and cool a target wall with or without strategically positioned pin fins and a second array positioned midway relative to the first array of holes for the impinging jets to exit the configuration. For this configuration, the following parameter were investigated: distance between the jet-hole exit and the target surface to be cooled (H/d = 0.5, 1, 4), spacing between jets (S/d = 2, 4), and pin-fin height (H-p/d = 0, 1, 2) on the target surface, where d is the diameter of the holes in the arrays. Also, the jet-impingement velocity was varied to study a range Reynolds numbers based on the hole diameter d and the mean velocity of the jet in the hole (Re-d = 20,000, 40,000, and 60,000). For all cases studied, the temperature of the coolant air is 673 K; the wall to be cooled is maintained at 1,273 K; and the static pressure at the exit of the jet-impingement array is maintained at 25 bars. This computational study is based on steady RANS compressible Navier-Stokes with the shear-stress transport model for turbulence where integration is to the wall (i.e., wall functions were not used) and temperature-dependent properties are accounted for. C1 [Lee, C. -S.; Shih, T. I-P] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. [Shih, T. I-P; Bryden, K. M.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ames, R.; Dennis, R. A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Lee, CS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. RI Bryden, Kenneth/G-6918-2012 FU Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory. The authors are grateful for this support. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 785 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900069 ER PT B AU Murphy, RG Nix, AC Lawson, SA Straub, D Beer, SK AF Murphy, Robert G. Nix, Andrew C. Lawson, Seth A. Straub, Douglas Beer, Stephen K. GP ASME TI PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PARTICULATE DEPOSITION ON IGCC TURBINE FILM-COOLING IN A HIGH-PRESSURE COMBUSTION FACILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID SURFACE AB Researchers at West Virginia University are working with the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to study the effects of particulate deposition on turbine film cooling in a high pressure and high temperature environment. To simulate deposition on the pressure side of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) turbine first stage vane, angled film-cooled test articles with thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are subjected to accelerated deposition at a pressure of approximately 4 atm and a gas temperature of 1100 degrees C. Two different test article geometries were designed, with angles of 10 degrees and 20 degrees to the mainstream flow. Both geometries have straight-cooling holes oriented at a 30 degrees angle to the hot-side surface. A high pressure seeding system was used to generate a particulate concentration of approximately 33.3 ppmw. Particle concentrations of 0.02 ppmw exist in the IGCC hot gas path. An accelerated simulation method was developed to simulate deposition that would occur in 10000 hr of engine operation. Preliminary tests were performed at 4 atm and 1100 degrees C to validate the deposition process. The results showed more deposition on the 20 degrees test article than the 10 degrees test articles; however no substantial deposition developed on either test article. A lumped mass analysis showed that the fly ash particles dropped below the theoretical sticking temperature as they approached the test article. Deposition was analyzed non-destructively through visual observation and scanning with a scanning laser microscope. Based on the initial test run results, a detailed plan was created to increase the operating temperature of the rig and allow two 3-hour tests to be performed on each of the test articles. Non-destructive testing will be used before, in between and after the runs to examine the evolution of the deposition growth. Following the final run, destructive testing will be used to examine the chemical composition of the deposits and their potential interaction with the TBC. Preliminary work will lead to a future study the would enhance the understanding of particle deposition evolution and examine the effects of deposition on film cooling by performing the tests in a high-pressure and high-temperature environment that is similar to the high-pressure combustion exhaust gas environment of the first stage region in IGCC turbines. C1 [Murphy, Robert G.; Nix, Andrew C.; Lawson, Seth A.] West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Alternat Fuels Engines & Emiss, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Straub, Douglas; Beer, Stephen K.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Murphy, RG (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Alternat Fuels Engines & Emiss, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 979 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900086 ER PT B AU Straub, DL Sidwell, TG Casleton, KH Alvin, MA Chien, S Chyu, MK AF Straub, D. L. Sidwell, T. G. Casleton, K. H. Alvin, M. A. Chien, S. Chyu, M. K. GP ASME TI HIGH TEMPERATURE FILM COOLING TEST FACILITY AND PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID HEAT-TRANSFER; HOLES AB This paper describes a new high temperature test facility developed through a collaborative effort between the University of Pittsburgh and the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The scope of this paper will include a description of this experimental test facility and a discussion of some test results collected from a flat plate (Haynes 230) using a single row of fan-shaped film cooling holes. This test specimen has been tested at two different pressures (i.e., 1.3 and 3 bar). The hot gas path flow velocity (i.e., 60 m/s) and the hot gas temperature (i.e., 1300 K) have been maintained as a constant for these tests. At each of these test conditions, five different film cooling blowing ratio conditions have been evaluated, including a condition with no film cooling. The overall cooling effectiveness and the reduction in heat flux for a point near the center of the test sample are reported and discussed. C1 [Straub, D. L.; Sidwell, T. G.; Casleton, K. H.; Alvin, M. A.; Chien, S.; Chyu, M. K.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Straub, DL (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 1661 EP 1671 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900147 ER PT B AU Liu, J Weaver, A Shih, TIP Klinger, J Heneveld, B Ames, R Dennis, RA AF Liu, J. Weaver, A. Shih, T. I-P. Klinger, J. Heneveld, B. Ames, R. Dennis, R. A. GP ASME TI Flow and Heat Transfer in a Triple-Impingement Configuration for Trailing-Edge Cooling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO 2012, VOL 4, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo 2012 CY JUN 11-15, 2012 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID JET-IMPINGEMENT AB The trailing-edge region of turbine airfoils is difficult to cool. In this study, CFD conjugate analysis based on the shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model is used to study the flow and heat transfer in a triple-impingement cooling configuration. Parameters studied include the pressure drop across the configuration (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 bars), and the heat transfer coefficient on the hot-gas side (2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 W/m(2)-K). In all cases with conjugate analysis, the temperature of the coolant at the inlet of the cooling passage is 673 K, the external hot-gas temperature is 1,755 K, and the static pressure at the exit of cooling passage is 25 bars. Simulations were also performed in which the temperature of the cooling-passage wall is kept constant at 1,173 K. Results are generated to show the nature of the flow induced by the triple impingement and how that flow affects heat transfer to the turbine material. C1 [Liu, J.; Weaver, A.; Shih, T. I-P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. [Klinger, J.; Heneveld, B.] Mikro Syst Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Ames, R.; Dennis, R. A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. FU National Energy Technology Laboratory; SBIR FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory and by a SBIR grant from Mikro Systems, Inc. The authors are grateful for this support. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4470-0 PY 2012 BP 1791 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BA4JP UT WOS:000335868900157 ER PT J AU Oganessian, Y Abdullin, F Dmitriev, S Itkis, M Polyakov, A Sagaidak, R Shirokovsky, I Subbotin, V Sukhov, A Tsyganov, Y Utyonkov, V Voinov, A Vostokin, G Gostic, J Henderson, R Moody, K Shaughnessy, D Stoyer, M Stoyer, N Hamilton, J Ramayya, A Roberto, J Rykaczewski, K AF Oganessian, Yuri Abdullin, Farid Dmitriev, Sergey Itkis, Mikhail Polyakov, Alexandr Sagaidak, Roman Shirokovsky, Igor Subbotin, Vladimir Sukhov, Alexandr Tsyganov, Yuri Utyonkov, Vladimir Voinov, Alexey Vostokin, Grigory Gostic, Julie Henderson, Roger Moody, Kenton Shaughnessy, Dawn Stoyer, Mark Stoyer, Nancy Hamilton, Joseph Ramayya, Akunuri Roberto, James Rykaczewski, Krzysztof BE Penionzhkevich, YE Sobolev, YG TI NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE DISCOVERIES OF ELEMENTS 113, 115 AND 117 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EXOTIC NUCLEI (EXON 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei (EXON) CY OCT 01-06, 2012 CL Vladivostok, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Large Heavy Ion Natl Accelerator, Inst Phys & Chem Res, GSI Helmholtz Ctr Heavy Ion Res, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, RIKEN Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci, Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, Far Eastern Fed Univ ID CHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION; DUBNIUM; DECAY C1 [Oganessian, Yuri; Abdullin, Farid; Dmitriev, Sergey; Itkis, Mikhail; Polyakov, Alexandr; Sagaidak, Roman; Shirokovsky, Igor; Subbotin, Vladimir; Sukhov, Alexandr; Tsyganov, Yuri; Utyonkov, Vladimir; Voinov, Alexey; Vostokin, Grigory] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. [Gostic, Julie; Henderson, Roger; Moody, Kenton; Shaughnessy, Dawn; Stoyer, Mark; Stoyer, Nancy] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hamilton, Joseph; Ramayya, Akunuri] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Roberto, James; Rykaczewski, Krzysztof] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oganessian, Y (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11- 02- 12050, 11- 02- 12066]; ORNL; U. S. DOE Office of Nuclear Physics under DOE [DE- AC05- 00OR22725]; UTBattelle, LLC; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [08- ERD- 030]; DOE [DE- AC52- 07NA27344]; US DOE [DE- FG- 0588ER40407] FX We are grateful to the JINR Directorate and U400 cyclotron and ion source crews for their continuous support of the experiment. We acknowledge the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grants No. 11- 02- 12050 and 11- 02- 12066. Research at ORNL was supported by the U. S. DOE Office of Nuclear Physics under DOE Contract No. DE- AC05- 00OR22725 with UTBattelle, LLC. Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was supported by LDRD Program Project No. 08- ERD- 030, under DOE Contract No. DE- AC52- 07NA27344 with Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. This work was also supported by the US DOE through a Grant No. DE- FG- 0588ER40407 ( Vanderbilt University). These studies were performed in the framework of the Russian Federation/ U. S. Joint Coordinating Committee for Research on Fundamental Properties of Matter. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4508-85-8 PY 2012 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BA7II UT WOS:000337563100022 ER PT J AU Luo, YX Hamilton, JH Ramaya, AV Hwang, JK Liu, SH Rasmussen, JO Frauendorf, S Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Oganessian, YT Zhu, SJ AF Luo, Y. X. Hamilton, J. H. Ramaya, A. V. Hwang, J. K. Liu, S. H. Rasmussen, J. O. Frauendorf, S. Ter-Akopian, G. M. Daniel, A. V. Oganessian, Yu. Ts. Zhu, S. J. BE Penionzhkevich, YE Sobolev, YG TI TRIAXIAL AND TRIAXIAL SOFTNESS IN NEUTRON RICH Ru AND Pd NUCLEI SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EXOTIC NUCLEI (EXON 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei (EXON) CY OCT 01-06, 2012 CL Vladivostok, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Large Heavy Ion Natl Accelerator, Inst Phys & Chem Res, GSI Helmholtz Ctr Heavy Ion Res, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, RIKEN Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci, Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, Far Eastern Fed Univ ID EXCITATION; STATES; BANDS AB The level structures of Ru-108,Ru-110,Ru-112 (Z= 44) and Pd-112,Pd-114,Pd-115,Pd-116,Pd-117,Pd-118 (Z= 46) have been significantly expanded through studies of prompt gamma-gamma-gamma. coincidences observed with Gammasphere following the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The softness to triaxiality perturbs the band structures of Ru-108 and even-N Pd isotopes. Two sets of odd-parity bands are identified in Pd-112,Pd-114,Pd-116 similar to but different from those in Ru-110,Ru-112. These differences can be accounted for by interferences of the chiral doubling and softness to triaxiality. Also in Ru-112, evidence for wobbling motion is found in the behavior of the. vibrational band. Similar evidence for wobbling motion is found in Pd-114, the N = 68 isotone of Ru-112. C1 [Luo, Y. X.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramaya, A. V.; Hwang, J. K.; Liu, S. H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Rasmussen, J. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frauendorf, S.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Daniel, A. V.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Zhu, S. J.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna RU-141980, Russia. RP Luo, YX (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG-05-88ER40407, DE-AC0376SF00098]; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [RFBR 11-02-00657-a]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science [NSh7235.2010.2]; Major State Basic Research Development Program [2007CB815005]; NNSF of China [10975082, 11175095]; Special Program of HESF [20100002110077]; Joint Institute for Heavy Ion Research; member institutions FX The work at Vanderbilt University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE Grants DE-FG-05-88ER40407 and DE-AC0376SF00098. The work at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant RFBR 11-02-00657-a and Russian Ministry of Education and Science grant NSh7235.2010.2. The work at Tsinghua University in Beijing was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program Contract 2007CB815005, the NNSF of China Grant 10975082, Grant No. 11175095, and the Special Program of HESF Grant 20100002110077. Two of the authors, GMT and AVD, were supported by the Joint Institute for Heavy Ion Research where it is supported by its member institutions. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4508-85-8 PY 2012 BP 215 EP 224 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BA7II UT WOS:000337563100030 ER PT J AU Stoyer, MA Ahle, LE Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Bleuel, DL Burke, JT Casperson, RJ Chodash, PA Chyzh, A Czeszumska, A Kwan, E Moran, MJ Norman, EB Padgett, SW Pedretti, M Ressler, JJ Sayre, DB Scielzo, ND Sheets, SA Stoeffl, W Tonchev, AP Wang, BS Wu, CY Yee, RM AF Stoyer, M. A. Ahle, L. E. Becker, J. A. Bernstein, L. A. Bleuel, D. L. Burke, J. T. Casperson, R. J. Chodash, P. A. Chyzh, A. Czeszumska, A. Kwan, E. Moran, M. J. Norman, E. B. Padgett, S. W. Pedretti, M. Ressler, J. J. Sayre, D. B. Scielzo, N. D. Sheets, S. A. Stoeffl, W. Tonchev, A. P. Wang, B. S. Wu, C. Y. Yee, R. M. BE Penionzhkevich, YE Sobolev, YG TI EXOTIC NUCLEI RESEARCH AT LLNL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EXOTIC NUCLEI (EXON 2012) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei (EXON) CY OCT 01-06, 2012 CL Vladivostok, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Large Heavy Ion Natl Accelerator, Inst Phys & Chem Res, GSI Helmholtz Ctr Heavy Ion Res, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, RIKEN Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci, Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, Far Eastern Fed Univ ID SPONTANEOUS FISSION; SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI; ELEMENTS; DISCOVERY; STABILITY; N=162; DECAY AB This paper highlights some of the exotic nuclei studies at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) within the Experimental Nuclear Physics (ENP) group. The work at LLNL concentrates on investigating nuclei at the extremes. The ENP group performs research to improve our understanding of nuclei, nuclear reactions, nuclear decay processes and nuclear astrophysics; an expertise utilized for important laboratory national security programs and for world-class peer-reviewed basic research. C1 [Stoyer, M. A.; Ahle, L. E.; Becker, J. A.; Bernstein, L. A.; Bleuel, D. L.; Burke, J. T.; Casperson, R. J.; Chodash, P. A.; Chyzh, A.; Czeszumska, A.; Kwan, E.; Moran, M. J.; Norman, E. B.; Padgett, S. W.; Pedretti, M.; Ressler, J. J.; Sayre, D. B.; Scielzo, N. D.; Sheets, S. A.; Stoeffl, W.; Tonchev, A. P.; Wang, B. S.; Wu, C. Y.; Yee, R. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stoyer, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM stoyer1@llnl.gov; wshou@riken.jp RI Chodash, Perry/P-1840-2014 OI Chodash, Perry/0000-0002-4154-7219 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4508-85-8 PY 2012 BP 471 EP 482 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BA7II UT WOS:000337563100062 ER PT S AU Santos, E Koop, D Maxwell, T Doutriaux, C Ellqvist, T Potter, G Freire, J Williams, D Silva, CT AF Santos, Emanuele Koop, David Maxwell, Thomas Doutriaux, Charles Ellqvist, Tommy Potter, Gerald Freire, Juliana Williams, Dean Silva, Claudio T. BE Groth, P Frew, J TI Designing a Provenance-Based Climate Data Analysis Application SO PROVENANCE AND ANNOTATION OF DATA AND PROCESSES, IPAW 2012 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Provenance and Annotation Workshop (IPAW) CY JUN 19-21, 2012 CL Univ California, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA HO Univ California, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management AB Climate scientists have made substantial progress in understanding Earth's climate system, particularly at global and continental scales. Climate research is now focused on understanding climate changes over wider ranges of time and space scales. These efforts are generating ultra-scale data sets at very high spatial resolution. An insightful analysis in climate science depends on using software tools to discover, access, manipulate, and visualize the data sets of interest. These data exploration tasks can be complex and time-consuming, and they frequently involve many resources from both the modeling and observational climate communities. Because of the complexity of the explorations, provenance is critical, allowing scientists to ensure reproducibility, revisit existing computational pipelines, and more easily share analyses and results. In addition, as the results of this work can impact policy, having provenance available is important for decision-making. In this paper we describe, UV-CDAT, a workflow-based, provenance-enabled system that integrates climate data analysis libraries and visualization tools in an end-to-end application, making it easier for scientists to integrate and use a wide array of tools. C1 [Santos, Emanuele; Koop, David; Ellqvist, Tommy; Freire, Juliana; Silva, Claudio T.] NYU, Polytech Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Maxwell, Thomas; Potter, Gerald] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Doutriaux, Charles; Williams, Dean] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Santos, E (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) FX This project has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). This is a large project involving many institutions, including LLNL, LBNL, Los Alamos, ORNL, Kitware, NYU-Poly, SCI-Utah, and NASA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-34222-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7525 BP 214 EP 219 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB6XF UT WOS:000345094300018 ER PT S AU Chao, AW Chou, WR AF Chao, Alexander W. Chou, Weiren BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology Volume 5 Preface SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 5: APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATORS SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Chao, Alexander W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chou, Weiren] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chao, AW (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM achao@slac.stanford.edu; chou@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-4449-95-3; 978-981-4449-94-6 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2012 BP VII EP VIII DI 10.1142/S1793626812030014 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE2QD UT WOS:000369837600001 ER PT S AU Bottura, L Godeke, A AF Bottura, Luca Godeke, Arno BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Superconducting Materials and Conductors: Fabrication and Limiting Parameters SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 5: APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATORS SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Superconductors; LTS materials; HTS materials; superconducting cables; superconducting accelerator magnets ID RUTHERFORD-TYPE CABLES; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; OPTIMALLY-DOPED YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSVERSE COMPRESSIVE STRESS; MEGAGAUSS MAGNETIC-FIELDS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; NB3SN DIPOLE MAGNET; ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; AXIAL-STRAIN AB Superconductivity is the technology that enabled the construction of the most recent generation of high-energy particle accelerators, the largest scientific instruments ever built. In this review we trace the evolution of superconducting materials for particle accelerator magnets, from the first steps in the late 1960s, through the rise and glory of Nb-Ti in the 1970s, till the 2010s, and the promises of Nb3Sn for the 2020s. We conclude with a perspective on the opportunities for high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). Many such reviews have been written in the past, as witnessed by the long list of references provided. In this review we put particular emphasis on the practical aspects of wire and tape manufacturing, cabling, engineering performance, and potential for use in accelerator magnets, while leaving in the background matters such as the physics of superconductivity and fundamental material issues. C1 [Bottura, Luca] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Godeke, Arno] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bottura, L (reprint author), CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM luca.bottura@cern.ch; agodeke@lbl.gov NR 138 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-4449-95-3; 978-981-4449-94-6 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2012 BP 25 EP 50 DI 10.1142/S1793626812300022 PG 26 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE2QD UT WOS:000369837600003 ER PT S AU Belomestnykh, S AF Belomestnykh, Sergey BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Superconducting Radio-Frequency Systems for High-beta Particle Accelerators SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 5: APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATORS SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE RF superconductivity; accelerating structure; higher-order mode; deflecting cavity; SRF photoinjector ID ENERGY-RECOVERY; RF; LINACS; TECHNOLOGY AB This article addresses the physics and engineering of the superconducting radio-frequency systems for high-beta particle accelerators. I consider different geometries for cavities, discuss criteria for optimization, and options for higher-order mode damping. In reviewing recent progress in the field, SRF systems are classified according to the functions they perform. These systems are fundamental RF accelerating systems, deflecting/crab cavities, harmonic RF systems, and SRF photoemission electron guns. C1 [Belomestnykh, Sergey] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Belomestnykh, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Collider Accelerator Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sbelomestnykh@bnl.gov NR 139 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-4449-95-3; 978-981-4449-94-6 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2012 BP 147 EP 184 DI 10.1142/S179362681230006X PG 38 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE2QD UT WOS:000369837600007 ER PT S AU Kelly, M AF Kelly, Michael BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities for Low-Beta Particle Accelerators SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 5: APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATORS SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Superconducting cavity; low-beta AB High-power proton and ion linac projects based on superconducting accelerating cavities are driving a worldwide effort to develop and build superconducting cavities for beta < 1. Laboratories and institutions building quarter-wave, halfwave and single-or multi-spoke cavities continue to advance the state of the art for this class of cavities, and the common notion that low-beta SRF cavities fill a need in niche applications and have low performance is clearly no longer valid. This article reviews recent developments and results for SC cavity performance for cavities with beta up to approximately 0.5. The considerable ongoing effort on reduced beta elliptical cell cavities is not discussed. An overview of associated subsystems required to operate low-beta cavities, including rf power couplers and fast and slow tuners, is presented. C1 [Kelly, Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, 570 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kelly, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 570 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mkelly@anl.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-4449-95-3; 978-981-4449-94-6 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2012 BP 185 EP 203 DI 10.1142/S1793626812300071 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE2QD UT WOS:000369837600008 ER PT S AU Alonso, JR Antaya, TA AF Alonso, Jose R. Antaya, Timothy A. BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Superconductivity in Medicine SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 5: APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATORS SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Superconducting magnets; cyclotron; hadrontherapy; gantry; MRI ID ION CANCER-THERAPY; TREATMENT FACILITY; NEUTRON THERAPY; CYCLOTRON; PROTON; GANTRY; HIMAC; ACCELERATORS; IRRADIATION; EXPERIENCE AB Superconductivity is playing an increasingly important role in advanced medical technologies. Compact superconducting cyclotrons are emerging as powerful tools for external beam therapy with protons and carbon ions, and offer advantages of cost and size reduction in isotope production as well. Superconducting magnets in isocentric gantries reduce their size and weight to practical proportions. In diagnostic imaging, superconducting magnets have been crucial for the successful clinical implementation of magnetic resonance imaging. This article introduces each of those areas and describes the role which superconductivity is playing in them. C1 [Alonso, Jose R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Antaya, Timothy A.] Ionetix Corp, Hampton, NH 03842 USA. RP Alonso, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JRAlonso@LBL.gov; tantaya@ionetix.com NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-4449-95-3; 978-981-4449-94-6 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2012 BP 227 EP 263 DI 10.1142/S1793626812300095 PG 37 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE2QD UT WOS:000369837600010 ER PT S AU Reece, CE Ciovati, G AF Reece, Charles E. Ciovati, Gianluigi BE Chao, AW Chou, W TI Superconducting Radio-Frequency Technology R&D for Future Accelerator Applications SO REVIEWS OF ACCELERATOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 5: APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATORS SE Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Superconducting rf; niobium; rf structures; superconducting surface treatment; accelerator applications ID HIGH-PURITY NIOBIUM; INTERSTITIAL OXYGEN; THIN-FILMS; Q-SLOPE; CAVITIES; SURFACE; RESISTANCE; RADIATION; BREAKDOWN; GROWTH AB Superconducting rf (SRF) technology is evolving rapidly, as are its applications. While there is active exploitation of what one may call the current state-of-the-practice, there is also rapid progress in expanding in several dimensions the accessible and useful parameter space. While state-of-the-art performance sometimes outpaces thorough understanding, the improving scientific understanding from active SRF research is clarifying routes to obtain optimum performance from present materials and opening avenues beyond the standard bulk niobium. The improving technical basis understanding is enabling process engineering to improve both performance confidence and reliability and also unit implementation costs. Increasing confidence in the technology enables the engineering of new creative application designs. We attempt to survey this landscape to highlight the potential for future accelerator applications. C1 [Reece, Charles E.; Ciovati, Gianluigi] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, SRF R&D Dept, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Reece, CE (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, SRF R&D Dept, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM reece@jlab.org; gciovati@jlab.org OI Reece, Charles/0000-0003-1939-8699 NR 229 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-6268 BN 978-981-4449-95-3; 978-981-4449-94-6 J9 REV ACCEL SCI TECH PY 2012 BP 285 EP 312 DI 10.1142/S1793626812300113 PG 28 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BE2QD UT WOS:000369837600012 ER PT S AU Pourabbas, E Shoshani, A Wu, K AF Pourabbas, Elaheh Shoshani, Arie Wu, Kesheng BE Ailamaki, A Bowers, S TI Minimizing Index Size by Reordering Rows and Columns SO SCIENTIFIC AND STATISTICAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT, SSDBM 2012 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM) CY JUN 25-27, 2012 CL Chania, GREECE SP Bank Piraeus, Univ Athens ID CONSECUTIVE-RETRIEVAL PROPERTY; BITMAP INDEXES; TECHNOLOGY AB Sizes of compressed bitmap indexes and compressed data are significantly affected by the order of data records. The optimal orders of rows and columns that minimizes the index sizes is known to be NP-hard to compute. Instead of seeking the precise global optimal ordering, we develop accurate statistical formulas that compute approximate solutions. Since the widely used bitmap indexes are compressed with variants of the run-length encoding (RLE) method, our work concentrates on computing the sizes of bitmap indexes compressed with the basic Run-Length Encoding. The resulting formulas could be used for choosing indexes to build and to use. In this paper, we use the formulas to develop strategies for reordering rows and columns of a data table. We present empirical measurements to show that our formulas are accurate for a wide range of data. Our analysis confirms that the heuristics of sorting columns with low column cardinalities first is indeed effective in reducing the index sizes. We extend the strategy by showing that columns with the same cardinality should be ordered from high skewness to low skewness. C1 [Pourabbas, Elaheh] CNR, Rome, Italy. [Shoshani, Arie; Wu, Kesheng] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Pourabbas, E (reprint author), CNR, Rome, Italy. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-31235-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2012 VL 7338 BP 467 EP 484 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB4WU UT WOS:000343420600031 ER PT B AU Thornquist, HK Keiter, ER AF Thornquist, Heidi K. Keiter, Eric R. BE Michielsen, B Poirier, JR TI Advances in Parallel Transistor-Level Circuit Simulation SO SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (SCEE 2010) SE Mathematics in Industry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Scientific Computing in Electrical Engineering (SCEE) CY SEP, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP ABB, AWR, MunEDA, CST ID POWER GRID ANALYSIS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; SOLVER AB Parallel transistor-level circuit simulation has the potential to significantly impact the need for reliably determining parasitic effects for modern feature sizes. Incorporating parallelism into a simulator at both coarse and fine-grained levels, through the use of message-passing and threading paradigms, is supported by the advent of inexpensive clusters, as well as multi-core technology. However, its effectiveness is reliant upon the development of efficient parallel algorithms for traditional "true SPICE" circuit simulation. In this paper, we will discuss recent advances in fully parallel transistor-level full-chip circuit simulation, concluding with scaling results from a newer strategy for the parallel preconditioned iterative solution of circuit matrices. C1 [Thornquist, Heidi K.; Keiter, Eric R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Syst Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thornquist, HK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Syst Modeling Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hkthorn@sandia.gov; erkeite@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-22453-9; 978-3-642-22452-2 J9 MATH INDUST PY 2012 VL 16 BP 257 EP 265 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-22453-9__27 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BA4HT UT WOS:000335745600031 ER PT S AU Robbins, DL Sheffield, SA Dattelbaum, DM Stahl, DB AF Robbins, D. L. Sheffield, S. A. Dattelbaum, D. M. Stahl, D. B. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Borg, JP Jordan, JL Vogler, TJ TI HUGONIOT AND PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL USED IN ANFO SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2011 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Phys Soc (APS), Top Grp, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs DE diesel fuel; fuel oil; ANFO; liquid Hugoniot; magnetic gauges; sound speed ID ISENTROPIC BULK MODULUS; SHOCK; BIODIESEL; PRESSURE; LIQUIDS; SPEED; SOUND AB One of the more common ammonium nitrate(AN)-based explosives is ANFO, which is a mixture of AN prills and diesel fuel oil (FO) in a 94:6 ratio by weight. Since there are no available shock data on FO, a series of shock compression experiments have been completed using a two-stage light gas gun with a sealed liquid target cell. The FO studied was diesel #2 which has been used in a number of ANFO explosive shots. Density and sound speed data were measured and used to predict and compare the data to a universal liquid Hugoniot (ULH). In-situ magnetic gauges in the target cell were used to measure the particle velocity, shock velocity, and shock wave profiles. Projectile impact velocities ranged from 1.5 to 3.2 km/s, generating input pressures to the FO between 3 and 17 GPa (depending on the impactor material being used). No shock-induced reaction was observed in the FO in any of the experiments. Since the ULH was found to slightly under predict the FO Hugoniot states, a linear Hugoniot was fit to the data -U-s = 1.775 + 1.725 u(p) - in mm/mu s. A Helmholtz EOS based on the Murnaghan isotherm was developed so the temperature on the Hugoniot could be estimated. At 12 GPa the shock temperature is expected to be 1500K. C1 [Robbins, D. L.; Sheffield, S. A.; Dattelbaum, D. M.; Stahl, D. B.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Robbins, DL (reprint author), LANL, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1006-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2012 VL 1426 DI 10.1063/1.3686406 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BZS44 UT WOS:000302774300194 ER PT S AU Yates, BR Darby, BL Petersen, DH Hansen, O Lin, R Nielsen, PF Doyle, BL Kontos, A Jones, KS AF Yates, B. R. Darby, B. L. Petersen, D. H. Hansen, O. Lin, R. Nielsen, P. F. Doyle, B. L. Kontos, A. Jones, K. S. BE Harame, D Krishnamohan, T Miyazaki, S Reznicek, A Tillack, B Yeo, YC Caymax, M Masini, G Niu, G Saraswat, K Vincent, B Uchida, K TI Effect of B+ Flux on the Electrical Activation of Ultra-Shallow B+ Implants in Ge SO SIGE, GE, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 5: MATERIALS, PROCESSING, AND DEVICES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th SiGe, Ge, and Related Compounds - Materials, Processing and Devices Symposium held at the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, IBM, Matheson, Voltaix, ASM, Horiba, Appl Mat, Luxtera, Praxair ID BEAM-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; GERMANIUM; BORON; DIFFUSION; SILICON; RECRYSTALLIZATION; AMORPHIZATION AB The residual implanted dose of ultra-shallow B+ implants in Ge was characterized using elastic recoil detection and was determined to correlate well with simulations with a dose loss of 23% due to ion backscattering for 2 keV implants in Ge. The electrical characterization of ultra-shallow B+ implants at 2 keV to a dose of 5.0x10(14) cm(-2) at beam currents ranging from 0.4 to 6.4 mA has been studied using micro Hall effect measurements after annealing at 400 degrees C for 60 s. It has been shown that the sheet number increases with beam current across the investigated range with electrical activation being 76% higher at 6.4 mA as compared to 0.4mA. However, at 6.4 mA, the electrically active fraction remained low at 11.4%. Structural characterization revealed that the implanted region remained crystalline and amorphization is not able to explain the increased activation. The results suggest the presence of a stable B: Ge cluster whose formation is altered by point defect recombination during high flux implantation which results in increased B activation. C1 [Yates, B. R.; Darby, B. L.; Jones, K. S.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Petersen, D. H.; Hansen, O.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Micro & Nanotechnol, DTU Nanotech, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Lin, R.; Nielsen, P. F.] Scion DTU, CAPRES AS, Lyngby, Denmark. [Hansen, O.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Individual Nanoparticle Funct, CINF, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Doyle, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1056, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kontos, A.] Appl Mat Inc, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Yates, BR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Hansen, Ole/C-4480-2011; Petersen, Dirch/A-8062-2010 OI Hansen, Ole/0000-0002-6090-8323; FU Intel Corporation; The Danish National Research Foundation; United States Department of Energy [DE- AC0494AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge the Intel Corporation for funding this work and the Major Analytical Instrumentation Facility at the University of Florida for the use of the FIB and TEM facilities. CINF is sponsored by The Danish National Research Foundation. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE- AC0494AL85000. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-357-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 9 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1149/05009.0543ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8DR UT WOS:000338015300064 ER PT S AU Lu, TM Bishop, N Pluym, T Kotula, P Lilly, M Carroll, M AF Lu, T. -M. Bishop, N. Pluym, T. Kotula, P. Lilly, M. Carroll, M. BE Harame, D Krishnamohan, T Miyazaki, S Reznicek, A Tillack, B Yeo, YC Caymax, M Masini, G Niu, G Saraswat, K Vincent, B Uchida, K TI Enhancement-Mode Buried Strained Silicon Channel Double Quantum Dot with Integrated Electrometer SO SIGE, GE, AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 5: MATERIALS, PROCESSING, AND DEVICES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th SiGe, Ge, and Related Compounds - Materials, Processing and Devices Symposium held at the 220th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div, IBM, Matheson, Voltaix, ASM, Horiba, Appl Mat, Luxtera, Praxair AB We proposed and demonstrated an enhancement-mode SiGe/strained-Si stack for a quantum dot [1], which both spaces the quantum dot away from interface defects and removes dopants. Smooth and predictable potentials for single electron quantum dots are highly desirable for beyond Moore's law approaches like quantum annealing and quantum computing. Enhancement-mode SiGe/sSi field-effect transistors ( FETs) have been demonstrated previously [2,3] and have recently achieved mobilities as high as 1.6x10(6) cm(2) /V s [4], indicating that a smooth potential approaching other model systems like GaAs can be produced in Si. This material stack has subsequently been used successfully by a different group to produce coherent qubit spin rotations [5]. We report in this letter that low-disorder quantum dots can be formed using a double-top-gated lateral quantum dot nanostructure, defined using 180 nm line width platform and fabricated in a 150 mm wafer batch-processing tool set in the Sandia National Labs silicon foundry. This is an important step towards showing that defects, lithography and process tolerances in a Si foundry are sufficient to build low disorder double quantum dots for both quantum computing and quantum annealing. C1 [Lu, T. -M.; Bishop, N.; Pluym, T.; Kotula, P.; Lilly, M.; Carroll, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lu, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-357-5 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2012 VL 50 IS 9 BP 837 EP 842 DI 10.1149/05009.0837ecst PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA8DR UT WOS:000338015300099 ER PT J AU Shehee, TC Elvington, MC Rudisill, TS Hobbs, DT AF Shehee, T. C. Elvington, M. C. Rudisill, T. S. Hobbs, D. T. TI SEPARATION OF ACTINIDES AND FISSION PRODUCTS USING TITANIUM-BASED MATERIALS SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Sodium titanate; titanosilicate; americium; lanthanide; nitric acid ID MONOSODIUM TITANATE; STRONTIUM; SORPTION AB Separation of minor actinides such as americium and curium from lanthanides and other fission products is important for the development of efficient nuclear fuel reprocessing methods. This article describes findings from initial investigations into the use of titanium-based materials for the separation of actinides including americium, plutonium, neptunium, and uranium from fission products including lanthanides, strontium, and cesium. Two types of materials were studied; the first was sodium titanates (ST) that have a layered structure and the second was titanosilicates that have a 3-dimensional tunnel structure. Testing indicated that the layered sodium titanates and tunnel-structured titanosilicate materials exhibit a strong affinity for Am, lanthanides, Sr, and Cs at pH 3 and a significantly reduced affinity for Am and the lanthanides at a higher acid concentration (pH 1). Testing also indicated that the ST material exhibited high affinity for actinides in a pH 3 solution. The addition of complexing agents significantly decreased the sorption of Am and lanthanides. C1 [Shehee, T. C.; Elvington, M. C.; Rudisill, T. S.; Hobbs, D. T.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Hobbs, DT (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM david.hobbs@srnl.doe.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 EI 1532-2262 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 7 BP 669 EP 682 DI 10.1080/07366299.2011.639262 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 037RH UT WOS:000311123700001 ER PT J AU Mincher, ME Quach, DL Liao, YJ Mincher, BJ Wai, CM AF Mincher, M. E. Quach, D. L. Liao, Y. J. Mincher, B. J. Wai, C. M. TI THE PARTITIONING OF AMERICIUM AND THE LANTHANIDES USING TETRABUTYLDIGLYCOLAMIDE (TBDGA) IN OCTANOL AND IN IONIC LIQUID SOLUTION SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE Americium; lanthanides; ionic liquids; diglycolamides ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXTRACTION BEHAVIOR; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ACTINIDES; URANIUM(VI); NITRATE; TODGA; CONJUNCTION; TRIVALENT AB Separations among the lanthanides and the separation of Am from the lanthanides remain challenging, and research in this area continues to expand. The separation of adjacent lanthanides is of interest to high-tech industries because individual lanthanides have specialized uses and are in short supply. In nuclear fuel cycle applications Am would be incorporated into fast-reactor fuels, yet the lanthanides are not desired. In this work, the diglycolamide N,N,N',N'-tetrabutyldiglycolamide (TBDGA) was investigated as a ligand for lanthanide and Am solvent extraction in both molecular and room-temperature-ionic-liquid (RTIL) diluents. The RTIL [C4MIM][Tf2N] showed very high extraction efficiency for these trivalent metals from low nitric acid concentrations, while the molecular diluent 1-octanol showed high extraction efficiency at high acid concentrations. This was attributed to the extraction of ionic nitrate complexes by the RTIL, whereas 1-octanol extracted neutral nitrate complexes. TBDGA in RTIL did not provide adequate separation factors for Am/lanthanide partitioning, but 1-octanol did show reasonable separation possibilities. Lanthanide intergroup separations appeared to be feasible in both diluents, but with higher separation factors from 1-octanol. C1 [Mincher, B. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Mincher, B. J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 FU DOE-NEUP [TO 00058]; DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was partially supported by DOE-NEUP grant (TO 00058), and the work was performed under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. The authors thank D. Peterman for helpful discussions. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 EI 1532-2262 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2012 VL 30 IS 7 BP 735 EP 747 DI 10.1080/07366299.2012.700583 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 037RH UT WOS:000311123700004 ER PT S AU Prokudin, A AF Prokudin, A. BE Anselmino, M Avakian, H TI Phenomenology of transverse-momentum-dependent distributions SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL PARTONIC STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON SE Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 180th International School of Physcics Enrico Fermi of the Italian-Physical-Society (SIF) on Three-Dimensional Partonic Structure of the Nucleon CY JUN 28-JUL 08, 2011 CL Varenna, ITALY ID SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES; QUARK POLARIZATION; STATE INTERACTIONS; HARD-SCATTERING; QCD; LEPTOPRODUCTION; DIS AB Transverse-momentum-dependent distributions reveal three-dimensional partonic structure of the nucleon. In these lectures I am going to discuss the phenomenology of TMDs and give some examples of calculations. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Prokudin, A (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-784X BN 978-1-61499-197-7; 978-1-61499-196-0 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 2012 VL 180 BP 157 EP 195 DI 10.3254/978-1-61499-197-7-157 PG 39 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BC2FP UT WOS:000350879500005 ER PT S AU Burkert, VD AF Burkert, V. D. BE Anselmino, M Avakian, H TI The JLab 12 GeV upgrade and the initial science program SO THREE-DIMENSIONAL PARTONIC STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEON SE Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 180th International School of Physcics Enrico Fermi of the Italian-Physical-Society (SIF) on Three-Dimensional Partonic Structure of the Nucleon CY JUN 28-JUL 08, 2011 CL Varenna, ITALY ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; SPIN STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS G(1)(P); PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON SPIN; NEUTRON; MOMENTS; PROTON; LEPTOPRODUCTION; Q(2)-DEPENDENCE AB An overview is presented of the upgrade of JLab's cw electron accelerator from the current maximum beam energy of 6 GeV to the upgraded maximum energy of 12 GeV. Construction of the 12GeV upgrade project has started in 2008. A broad experimental program has been developed to map the nucleon's intrinsic correlated spin and momentum distribution through measurements of deeply exclusive and semi-inclusive processes, and to probe the quark and gluon confinement by studying the spectrum of mesons with exotic quantum numbers. Other programs include the forward parton distribution function at large x(B), the quark and gluon polarized distribution functions, measurements of electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon ground state and of nucleon resonance transitions at high Q(2), and the exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model in high-precision parity-violating processes. The higher beam energy is also well suited to explore quark hadronization properties using the nucleus as a laboratory. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-784X BN 978-1-61499-197-7; 978-1-61499-196-0 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 2012 VL 180 BP 303 EP 332 DI 10.3254/978-1-61499-197-7-303 PG 30 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BC2FP UT WOS:000350879500010 ER PT S AU Munro, KL Dillon, CT Harris, HH Cai, Z Lai, B Vogt, S Cheah, M AF Munro, K. L. Dillon, C. T. Harris, H. H. Cai, Z. Lai, B. Vogt, S. Cheah, M. BE Ng, JC Noller, BN Naidu, R Bundschuh, J Bhattacharya, P TI Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and microprobe synchrotron radiation-X-ray fluorescence imaging for understanding the mode of action of arsenic anti-leukaemia agents SO UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL INTERFACE OF ARSENIC, AS 2012 SE Arsenic in the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment - Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface (As) CY JUL 22-27, 2012 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA SP Royal Inst Technol, ISGSD, Univ So Queensland, Univ Queensland, Entox, Sustainable Minerals Inst, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, SMI Technol Transfer, JK Tech, CRC CARE ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; TOXICITY; TRIOXIDE AB Despite its reputation as a poison, arsenic is also a highly effective anti-leukaemia agent. In order to improve on its efficacy, a better understanding of the metabolism of arsenic, including the formation of specific arsenic metabolites, is necessary. In this study XAS was used to gain an understanding of the metabolism of arsenic in human hepatoma cells and microprobe SR-XRF imaging was used to determine potential targets for the identified arsenic species. It was found that the toxic arsenic metabolites, [MMA(III)(GS)(2)] and [DMA(III)(GS)], were produced in human cells and that these metabolites potentially interact with DNA or, more probably, proteins associated with DNA transcription. C1 [Munro, K. L.; Dillon, C. T.] Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Chem, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. [Harris, H. H.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Cai, Z.; Lai, B.; Vogt, S.] Argonne Natl Labs, XRay Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA. [Cheah, M.] Photon Factory, Australian Natl Beamline Facil, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Munro, KL (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Ctr Med Chem, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. OI Harris, Hugh/0000-0002-3472-8628 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 1876-6218 BN 978-0-203-07880-8; 978-0-415-63763-3 J9 ARSEN ENVIR PY 2012 BP 193 EP 195 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BG9EE UT WOS:000393139700067 ER PT S AU Higuera, PE Brubaker, LB Anderson, PM Brown, TA Kennedy, AT Hu, FS AF Higuera, Philip E. Brubaker, Linda B. Anderson, Patricia M. Brown, Thomas A. Kennedy, Alison T. Hu, Feng Sheng BE Stewart, P Globig, S TI Frequent Fires in Ancient Shrub Tundra SO VASCULAR PLANTS AND PALEOBOTANY SE Research Progress in Botany LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Accelerator mass spectrometry; CHAR peaks; High fire frequencies; Shrub Tundra Zone C1 [Higuera, Philip E.; Brubaker, Linda B.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Patricia M.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anderson, Patricia M.] Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, Thomas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. [Kennedy, Alison T.] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Higuera, PE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLE ACAD PRESS INC PI OAKVILLE PA 3333 MISTWELL CRESCENT, OAKVILLE, ON L6L 0A2, CANADA SN 2292-8855 BN 978-1-4665-5863-2; 978-1-926692-98-2 J9 RES PROG BOTANY PY 2012 BP 158 EP 168 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Paleontology SC Plant Sciences; Paleontology GA BF9YE UT WOS:000386047800014 ER PT S AU Miller, LM AF Miller, Lisa M. BE Severcan, F Haris, PI TI Characterization of Neurodegenerative Protein-Misfolding Diseases using FTIR Spectroscopy and Microspectroscopy SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS AND SCREENING SE Advances in Biomedical Spectroscopy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; neuron; neurodegeneration; protein secondary structure; lipid peroxidation; apoptosis; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; prions; Huntington's disease; multiple; sclerosis ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION; SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION; RAY-FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; SCRAPIE-INFECTED CELLS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE AB Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the malfunction and/or death of nerve cells, i.e. neurons, in the central and peripheral nervous system. Many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and the prion diseases, involve the misfolding and aggregation of naturally occurring proteins. These aggregates are thought to be toxic to cells, playing a critical role in neurodegeneration. This chapter focuses on how FTIR spectroscopy and microspectroscopy have been used to evaluate the structural changes in these disease-related proteins. It also examines the effects of lipid peroxidation and breakdown, and the disease-related metabolic changes in carbohydrate and nucleic acid composition. Methods for examining these biochemical changes in vitro, in cell culture, and in tissue are described. Finally, recent applications to a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases will be profiled with an outlook toward future advances and uses of FTIR spectroscopic methods for understanding, diagnosing, and treating neurodegenerative diseases. C1 [Miller, Lisa M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Miller, Lisa M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Miller, Lisa M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Miller, LM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 83 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0656 BN 978-1-61499-059-8; 978-1-61499-058-1 J9 ADV BIOMED SPECTROSC PY 2012 VL 6 BP 118 EP 137 DI 10.3233/978-1-61-199-059-8418 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Spectroscopy GA BB7WS UT WOS:000346073100006 ER PT S AU Danchev, M Rainovski, G Pietralla, N Gargano, A Covello, A Baktash, C Beene, JR Bingham, CR Galindo-Uribarri, A Gladnishki, KA Gross, CJ Ponomarev, VY Radford, DC Riedinger, LL Scheck, M Stuchbery, AE Wambach, J Yu, CH Zamfir, NV AF Danchev, M. Rainovski, G. Pietralla, N. Gargano, A. Covello, A. Baktash, C. Beene, J. R. Bingham, C. R. Galindo-Uribarri, A. Gladnishki, K. A. Gross, C. J. Ponomarev, V. Yu Radford, D. C. Riedinger, L. L. Scheck, M. Stuchbery, A. E. Wambach, J. Yu, C-H Zamfir, N. V. GP IOP TI One-phonon isovector 2(1,MS)(+) state in the neutron rich nucleus Te-132 SO XIX INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS, NEUTRON PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS (VARNA 2011) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International School on Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications CY SEP 19-25, 2011 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy AB The 2(2)(+) state in Te-132 is identified as the one-phonon MSS in a projectile Coulomb excitation experiment presenting a firm example of a MSS in unstable, neutron rich nuclei. The results of shell-model calculations based on the low-momentum interaction Vlow-k are in good agreement with experiment demonstrating the ability of the effective shell-model interaction to produce states of mixed-symmetry character. C1 [Danchev, M.; Rainovski, G.; Gladnishki, K. A.] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Rainovski, G.; Pietralla, N.; Ponomarev, V. Yu; Scheck, M.; Wambach, J.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Pietralla, N.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Gargano, A.; Covello, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Covello, A.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Baktash, C.; Beene, J. R.; Galindo-Uribarri, A.; Gross, C. J.; Radford, D. C.; Yu, C-H] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bingham, C. R.; Riedinger, L. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stuchbery, A. E.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Zamfir, N. V.] Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Danchev, M (reprint author), Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. EM miroslav@phys.uni-sofia.bg; rig@phys.uni-sofia.bg; pietralla@ikp.tu-darmstadt.de; kag@phys.uni-sofia.bg; mscheck@ikp.tu-darmstadt.de; andrew.stuchbery@anu.edu.au; zamfir@tandem.nipne.ro RI Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008; Gladnishki, Kalin/A-6462-2009; OI Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249; Scheck, Marcus/0000-0002-9624-3909 FU DFG [Pi 393/2-2, SFB 634]; German-Bulgarian exchange program [PPP 50751591]; BgNSF [DO 02-219]; HIC for FAIR; Office of Nuclear Physics; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER40983]; ARC [DP0773273] FX G.R. is a research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. This work was supported by the DFG (Grants No. Pi 393/2-2 and No. SFB 634), by the German-Bulgarian exchange program (Grant No. PPP 50751591), by the BgNSF (Grant No. DO 02-219), by the HIC for FAIR, by the Office of Nuclear Physics, U. S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02- 96ER40983, and by the ARC grant DP0773273. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2012 VL 366 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/366/1/012008 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBO30 UT WOS:000307719900008 ER PT J AU Proffen, T Neder, RB AF Proffen, Thomas Neder, Reinhard B. TI Preface SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KRISTALLOGRAPHIE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Proffen, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Neder, Reinhard B.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. RP Proffen, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tproffen@ornl.gov; reinhard.neder@krist.uni-erlangen.de RI Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; Neder, Reinhard/D-9877-2013 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Neder, Reinhard/0000-0003-2592-2207 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0044-2968 J9 Z KRISTALLOGR JI Z. Kristall. PY 2012 VL 227 IS 5 BP V EP V DI 10.1524/zkri.2012.0002 PG 1 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 956OV UT WOS:000305099900001 ER PT J AU Chen, X Noh, KW Wen, JG Dillon, SJ AF Chen, X. Noh, K. W. Wen, J. G. Dillon, S. J. TI In situ electrochemical wet cell transmission electron microscopy characterization of solid-liquid interactions between Ni and aqueous NiCl2 SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE In situ transmission electron microscopy; Electrochemical characterization; Thin film; Nickel ID GROWTH AB Electrodeposition and electropolishing of nanograined nickel has been observed using an in situ electrochemical wet cell developed for transmission electron microscopy. The cell employs two thin film nickel electrodes in a 0.1 M aqueous NiCl2 electrolyte, which were biased at +/- 1 V. Anisotropic electrodeposition was observed in which growth of the nickel film across the substrate occurred much more rapidly than growth perpendicular to the substrate. The anisotropic behavior results from relatively equiaxed nanograins nucleating at the growth front with little subsequent coarsening. Grains were observed to nucleate ahead of the growth front, suggesting a new mechanism for electrochemically driven growth across a substrate which depends on ionic surface adsorption ahead of the growth front. During electropolishing the dissolution of nickel tended to occur more isotropically. The film thinned relatively uniformly until certain regions displayed Rayleigh instabilities. At this point the film broke up and some regions coarsened rapidly and/or were subject to electromigration. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, X.; Dillon, S. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Noh, K. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wen, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dillon, SJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1304 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sdillon@illinois.edu RI Chen, Xin/C-7667-2012; dillon, shen/N-1850-2013 OI Chen, Xin/0000-0003-0271-2784; dillon, shen/0000-0002-6192-4026 FU Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois; National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research (DMR) [0906874]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX This work was partially supported by a seed grant from the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois and the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research's Ceramics Program (DMR No. 0906874). The TEM experiment and sample preparation were carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, University of Illinois, which are partially supported by the US Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 192 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.09.047 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 858SF UT WOS:000297822300019 ER PT J AU Kanitpanyacharoen, W Merkel, S Miyagi, L Kaercher, P Tome, CN Wang, Y Wenk, HR AF Kanitpanyacharoen, W. Merkel, S. Miyagi, L. Kaercher, P. Tome, C. N. Wang, Y. Wenk, H. -R. TI Significance of mechanical twinning in hexagonal metals at high pressure SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hexagonal metals; High pressure; Mechanical twinning ID EARTHS INNER-CORE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; ANISOTROPY; GPA; CONVECTION; HAFNIUM; SAMPLES AB Diamond anvil cells (DAC) in radial synchrotron X-ray diffraction geometry were used to investigate texture development and identify deformation mechanisms in zinc and osmium at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and the Advanced Light Source (ALS), respectively. Further experiments on cadmium and hafnium wires were carried out in the Deformation-DIA (D-DIA) multi-anvil press at APS to study the simultaneous effects of pressure, temperature and strain. At room temperature and increasing pressure the c-axis aligns near the compression direction in all hexagonal metals, but with considerable differences. Texture in zinc evolves gradually between 10 and 15 GPa and strengthens as pressure is increased to 25 GPa. In osmium, texture development starts very early (4 GPa). At ambient temperature cadmium and hafnium develop a similar textures as zinc and osmium, respectively. Texture in cadmium evolves gradually with axial shortening to 34%, whereas in hafnium texturing develops immediately after small strains. When hafnium is simultaneously heated to 700 K and deformed in compression, a texture develops with compression axes near (2 (1) over bar (1) over bar 0). Simulations from a visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal plasticity model suggest that the gradual texture evolution observed in zinc and cadmium is controlled primarily by {0 00 1}(2 (1) over bar (1) over bar 0) basal slip and later accompanied by {1 0 (1) over bar 2}(($1) over bar 0 1 1) tensile twinning when the c/a ratio is below root 3 approximate to 1.732. Conversely, early texture development in osmium and hafnium at room temperature is contributed mainly by {1 0 (1) over bar 2}((1) over bar 0 1 1) tensile twinning. However, the (2 (1) over bar (1) over bar 0) texture in hafnium at high temperature is attributed to basal and prismatic slip. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kanitpanyacharoen, W.; Kaercher, P.; Wenk, H. -R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Merkel, S.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Unite Mat & Transformat, Villeneuve dAscq, France. [Miyagi, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. [Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Wang, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wenk, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wenk@berkeley.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Merkel, Sebastien/E-5501-2011 OI Merkel, Sebastien/0000-0003-2767-581X FU CDAC; NSF [EAR 0836402, EAR-0968456]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; CIW; UNLV; LLNL; DOE-NNSA; DOE-BES; National Science Foundation Earth Sciences [EAR-0622171]; Department of Energy-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Yale University; ANR [ANR-07-JCJC-0136]; OBES-DOE [FWP 06SCPE401] FX This project was supported by CDAC and NSF EAR 0836402. We appreciate the access to beamline 12.2.2 at ALS, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A portion of this work was performed at HPCAT (Sector 16-ID-B) at APS. HPCAT is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES and NSF. D-DIA experiments were performed at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS (GSECARS), which is supported by the National Science Foundation Earth Sciences (EAR-0622171) and Department of Energy-Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). APS is supported by DOE-BES, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. L.M. acknowledges the support of the Bateman Fellowship at Yale University, S.M. from the ANR DiUP program (ANR-07-JCJC-0136), C.N.T. from OBES-DOE Project FWP 06SCPE401 and Y.W. from NSF (EAR-0968456). We would also like to thank Buddhi Godwal for the Os sample and many discussions, Jason Knight and Simon Clark for assistance with the ALS experiment, Hans-Peter Liermann for help with the APS experiment, Nadege Hilairet for D-DIA experiments, and Luca Lutterotti for suggestions on data analysis in MAUD. We are also appreciative of comments by two reviewers, which helped improve the manuscript. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 430 EP 442 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.07.055 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 858SF UT WOS:000297822300042 ER PT J AU Thallapally, PK Grate, JW Motkuri, RK AF Thallapally, Praveen K. Grate, Jay W. Motkuri, Radha Kishan TI Facile xenon capture and release at room temperature using a metal-organic framework: a comparison with activated charcoal SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION APPLICATIONS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; NOBLE-GASES; ADSORPTION; CO2; MIXTURES; STORAGE; PORES; SIZE AB Two well-known metal-organic frameworks (MOF-5, NiDOBDC) were synthesized and studied for facile xenon capture and separation. Our results indicate that NiDOBDC adsorbs significantly more xenon than MOF-5, and is more selective for xenon over krypton than activated carbon. C1 [Thallapally, Praveen K.; Motkuri, Radha Kishan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Grate, Jay W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thallapally, PK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Praveen.thallapally@pnl.gov RI Motkuri, Radha/F-1041-2014; thallapally, praveen/I-5026-2014 OI Motkuri, Radha/0000-0002-2079-4798; thallapally, praveen/0000-0001-7814-4467 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development funding. In addition PKT thanks the US Department of Energy-Office of Nuclear Energy. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 42 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 5 U2 74 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2012 VL 48 IS 3 BP 347 EP 349 DI 10.1039/c1cc14685h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 857GB UT WOS:000297704500002 PM 21956410 ER PT J AU Reuter, MG Hill, JC Harrison, RJ AF Reuter, Matthew G. Hill, Judith C. Harrison, Robert J. TI Solving PDEs in irregular geometries with multiresolution methods I: Embedded Dirichlet boundary conditions SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Multiresolution analysis; Domain embedding techniques; Electrostatics ID MULTIWAVELET BASES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY AB In this work, we develop and analyze a formalism for solving boundary value problems in arbitrarily-shaped domains using the MADNESS (multiresolution adaptive numerical environment for scientific simulation) package for adaptive computation with multiresolution algorithms. We begin by implementing a previously-reported diffuse domain approximation for embedding the domain of interest into a larger domain (Li et al., 2009 [1]). Numerical and analytical tests both demonstrate that this approximation yields non-physical solutions with zero first and second derivatives at the boundary. This excessive smoothness leads to large numerical cancellation and confounds the dynamically-adaptive, multiresolution algorithms inside MADNESS. We thus generalize the diffuse domain approximation, producing a formalism that demonstrates first-order convergence in both near- and far-field errors. We finally apply our formalism to an electrostatics problem from nanoscience with characteristic length scales ranging from 0.0001 to 300 nm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reuter, Matthew G.; Hill, Judith C.; Harrison, Robert J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reuter, Matthew G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Harrison, Robert J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Harrison, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM harrisonrj@ornl.gov FU U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 183 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2011.07.001 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 854KY UT WOS:000297494600001 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Huang, H Li, XY Meakin, P AF Xu, Zhijie Huang, Hai Li, Xiaoyi Meakin, Paul TI Phase field and level set methods for modeling solute precipitation and/or dissolution SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Phase field; Level set; Precipitation; Dissolution; Reaction; Diffusion ID SOLIDIFICATION; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT; TRACKING; FLOWS AB The dynamics of solid-liquid interfaces controlled by solute precipitation and/or dissolution due to the chemical reaction at the interface were computed in two dimensions using a phase field models. Sharp-interface asymptotic analysis demonstrated that the phase field solutions should converge to the proper sharp-interface precipitation/dissolution limit. For the purpose of comparison, the numerical solution of the sharp-interface model for solute precipitation/dissolution was directly solved using a level set method. In general, the phase field results are found in good agreement with the level set results for all reaction rates and geometry configurations investigated. Present study supports the applications of both methods to more complicated and realistic reactive systems, including the nuclear waste release and mineral precipitation and dissolution. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Zhijie; Huang, Hai; Meakin, Paul] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Meakin, Paul] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Meakin, Paul] Multiphase Flow Assurance Innovat Ctr, Inst Energy Technol, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Li, Xiaoyi] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhijie.xu@pnnl.gov RI Xu, Zhijie/A-1627-2009 OI Xu, Zhijie/0000-0003-0459-4531 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830, DE-AC07-051D14517]; Office of Science Scientific Discovery FX This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Program, and partially funded by the US Department of Energy's Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. The Idaho National Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by the Battelle Energy Alliance under Contract DE-AC07-051D14517. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 183 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2011.08.005 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 854KY UT WOS:000297494600003 ER PT J AU Waltz, J Gianakon, TA AF Waltz, J. Gianakon, T. A. TI A comparison of mix models for the Rayleigh-Taylor instability SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE ICF simulation; Turbulence modeling; Rayleigh-Taylor ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; CAPSULE IMPLOSIONS; K-L; ACCELERATION; CONSTRUCTION; ALGORITHMS; TURBULENCE; FLUIDS AB Four mix models, implemented into an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) multi-physics code, are compared on simulations of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The specific models of interest are a mass diffusion model, the k-L turbulence model, the BHR turbulence model, and a multifluid interpenetration mix model. The bubble growth rates produced by the different models are compared to experimentally determined growth rates. The diffusion model reproduces the characteristic t(1/2) growth for diffusion processes and therefore does not reproduce instability growth rates, as expected. The k-L and BHR turbulence models reproduce the nominal instability growth rates at multiple Atwood numbers with a single set of model parameters. The multifluid interpenetration model exhibits diffusion-like behavior and therefore does not reproduce instability growth rates. All four models exhibit Cauchy-like convergence in the mixing layer width with decreasing mesh size, although the multifluid model exhibits both a larger error for a given mesh size and a slower convergence rate than the turbulence models. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Waltz, J.; Gianakon, T. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Waltz, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwaltz@lanl.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 183 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2011.08.018 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 854KY UT WOS:000297494600012 ER PT J AU Schunck, N Dobaczewski, J McDonnell, J Satula, W Sheikh, JA Staszczak, A Stoitsov, M Toivanen, P AF Schunck, N. Dobaczewski, J. McDonnell, J. Satula, W. Sheikh, J. A. Staszczak, A. Stoitsov, M. Toivanen, P. TI Solution of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov equations in the Cartesian deformed harmonic-oscillator basis. (VII) HFODD (v2.49t): A new version of the program SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Hartree-Fock; Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov; Skyrme interaction; Angular-momentum projection; lsospin projection; Finite temperature; Multi-threading; Hybrid programming model; High-performance computing ID SLATER DETERMINANTS; FISSION-BARRIERS; MASS PARAMETERS; NUCLEI; TRANSFORMATION; APPROXIMATION; BOGOLIUBOV; PROJECTION; ENERGIES; SYMMETRY AB We describe the new version (v2.49t) of the code HFODD which solves the nuclear Skyrme-Hartree-Fock (HF) or Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (HFB) problem by using the Cartesian deformed harmonic-oscillator basis. In the new version, we have implemented the following physics features: (i) the isospin mixing and projection, (ii) the finite-temperature formalism for the HFB and HF + BCS methods, (iii) the Lipkin translational energy correction method, (iv) the calculation of the shell correction. A number of specific numerical methods have also been implemented in order to deal with large-scale multi-constraint calculations and hardware limitations: (i) the two-basis method for the HFB method, (ii) the Augmented Lagrangian Method CALM) for multi-constraint calculations, (iii) the linear constraint method based on the approximation of the RPA matrix for multi-constraint calculations, (iv) an interface with the axial and parity-conserving Skyrme-HFB code HFBTHO, (V) the mixing of the HF or HFB matrix elements instead of the HF fields. Special care has been paid to using the code on massively parallel leadership class computers. For this purpose, the following features are now available with this version: (i) the Message Passing Interface (MPI) framework, (ii) scalable input data routines, (iii) multi-threading via OpenMP pragmas, (iv) parallel diagonalization of the HFB matrix in the simplex-breaking case using the ScaLAPACK library. Finally, several little significant errors of the previous published version were corrected. New version program summary Program title: HFODD (v2.49t) Catalogue identifier: ADFL_v3_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADFL_v3_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public Licence v3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 190614 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 985 898 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: FORTRAN-90 Computer: Intel Pentium-III, Intel Xeon, AMD-Athlon, AMD-Opteron, Cray XT4, Cray XT5 Operating system: UNIX, LINUX, Windows XP Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Yes, parallelized using MPI RAM: 10 Word size: The code is written in single-precision for the use on a 64-bit processor. The compiler option -r8 or +autodblpad (or equivalent) has to be used to promote all real and complex single-precision floating-point items to double precision when the code is used on a 32-bit machine. Classification: 17.22 Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADFL_v2_2 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 180 (2009) 2361 External routines: The user must have access to 1. the NAGLIB subroutine f02axe, or LAPACK subroutines zhpev, zhpevx, zheevr, or zheevd, which diagonalize complex hermitian matrices, 2. the LAPACK subroutines dgetri and dgetrf which invert arbitrary real matrices, 3. the LAPACK subroutines dsyevd, dsytrf and dsytri which compute eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of real symmetric matrices, 4. the LINPACK subroutines zgedi and zgeco, which invert arbitrary complex matrices and calculate determinants, 5. the BLAS routines dcopy, dscal, dgeem and dgemv for double-precision linear algebra and zcopy, zdscal, zgeem and zgemv for complex linear algebra, or provide another set of subroutines that can perform such tasks. The BIAS and LAPACK subroutines can be obtained from the Netlib Repository at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville: http://netlib2.cs.utk.edu/. Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: The nuclear mean field and an analysis of its symmetries in realistic cases are the main ingredients of a description of nuclear states. Within the Local Density Approximation, or for a zero-range velocity-dependent Skyrme interaction, the nuclear mean field is local and velocity dependent. The locality allows for an effective and fast solution of the self-consistent Hartree-Fock equations, even for heavy nuclei, and for various nucleonic (n-particle-n-hole) configurations, deformations, excitation energies, or angular momenta. Similarly, Local Density Approximation in the particle-particle channel, which is equivalent to using a zero-range interaction, allows for a simple implementation of pairing effects within the Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov method. Solution method: The program uses the Cartesian harmonic oscillator basis to expand single-particle or single-quasiparticle wave functions of neutrons and protons interacting by means of the Skyrme effective interaction and zero-range pairing interaction. The expansion coefficients are determined by the iterative diagonalization of the mean-field Hamiltonians or Routhians which depend non-linearly on the local neutron and proton densities. Suitable constraints are used to obtain states corresponding to a given configuration, deformation or angular momentum. The method of solution has been presented in: [J.Dobaczewski, J. Dudek, Comput. Phys. Commun. 102 (1997) 166]. Reasons for new version: Version 2.49s of HFODD provides a number of new options such as the isospin mixing and projection of the Skyrme functional, the finite-temperature HF and HFB formalism and optimized methods to perform multi-constrained calculations. It is also the first version of HFODD to contain threading and parallel capabilities. Summary of revisions: 1. Isospin mixing and projection of the HF states has been implemented. 2. The finite-temperature formalism for the HFB equations has been implemented. 3. The Lipkin translational energy correction method has been implemented. 4. Calculation of the shell correction has been implemented. 5. The two-basis method for the solution to the HFB equations has been implemented. 6. The Augmented Lagrangian Method (ALM) for calculations with multiple constraints has been implemented. 7. The linear constraint method based on the cranking approximation of the RPA matrix has been implemented. 8. An interface between HFODD and the axially-symmetric and parity-conserving code HFBTHO has been implemented. 9. The mixing of the matrix elements of the HF or HFB matrix has been implemented. 10. A parallel interface using the MPI library has been implemented. 11. A scalable model for reading input data has been implemented. 12. OpenMP pragmas have been implemented in three subroutines. 13. The diagonalization of the HFB matrix in the simplex-breaking case has been parallelized using the ScaLAPACK library. 14. Several little significant errors of the previous published version were corrected. Running time: In serial mode, running 6 HFB iterations for (152)Dy for conserved parity and signature symmetries in a full spherical basis of N = 14 shells takes approximately 8 min on an AMD Opteron processor at 2.6 GHz, assuming standard BLAS and LAPACK libraries. As a rule of thumb, runtime for HFB calculations for parity and signature conserved symmetries roughly increases as N(7), where N is the number of full HO shells. Using custom-built optimized BLAS and LAPACK libraries (such as in the ATLAS implementation) can bring down the execution time by 60%. Using the threaded version of the code with 12 threads and threaded BIAS libraries can bring an additional factor 2 speed-up, so that the same 6 HFB iterations now take of the order of 2 min 30 s. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schunck, N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Schunck, N.; McDonnell, J.; Sheikh, J. A.; Staszczak, A.; Stoitsov, M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schunck, N.; McDonnell, J.; Sheikh, J. A.; Staszczak, A.; Stoitsov, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dobaczewski, J.; Satula, W.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Dobaczewski, J.; Toivanen, P.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Staszczak, A.] Marie Curie Sklodowska Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland. RP Schunck, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM schunck1@llnl.gov OI Schunck, Nicolas/0000-0002-9203-6849 FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N202 328234, N N202 231137]; Academy of Finland; University of Jyvaskyla within the FIDIPRO; UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-07ER41457, DE-FG02-96ER40963]; U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-CODE-470611, LLNL-JRNL-472093]; United States Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC52-07NA27344 Clause B-9999, Clause H-9999]; Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling (ICM) of the Warsaw University; Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, located in the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Michal Opala for performing OpenMP tests and bringing our attention to Amdahl's law. Discussions with Hai Ah Nam on scaling properties on leadership class computers are also warmly acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under Contract Nos. N N202 328234 and N N202 231137, by the Academy of Finland and University of Jyvaskyla within the FIDIPRO program, by the UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration under the U.S. Department of Energy grants Nos. DE-FC02-07ER41457 and DE-FG02-96ER40963 (University of Tennessee), and was partly performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (code release number: LLNL-CODE-470611, d ../.document release number: LLNL-JRNL-472093). Funding was also provided by the United States Department of Energy Office of Science, Nuclear Physics Program pursuant to Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 Clause B-9999, Clause H-9999 and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Pub. L. 111-5. Computational resources were provided in part by a computational grant from the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling (ICM) of the Warsaw University, by the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, located in the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, as well as by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We also acknowledge the CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd, Finland for the allocation of computational resources. NR 63 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 183 IS 1 BP 166 EP 192 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2011.08.013 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 854KY UT WOS:000297494600021 ER PT J AU Mancini, A Shin, JF Orera, A Slater, PR Tealdi, C Ren, Y Page, KL Malavasi, L AF Mancini, Alessandro Shin, J. Felix Orera, Alodia Slater, Peter R. Tealdi, Cristina Ren, Yang Page, Katharine L. Malavasi, Lorenzo TI Insight into the local structure of barium indate oxide-ion conductors: An X-ray total scattering study SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; BA2IN2O5; SYSTEMS AB In this paper we presented the X-ray PDF investigation of orthorhombic Ba(2)In(2)O(5) and cubic Ba(2)In(1.7)P(0.3)O(5.3) and Ba(2)In(1.7)S(0.3)O(5.45) samples. Pure Ba(2)In(2)O(5) was found to be properly described-at the local scale-by the orthorhombic average structure. Ba(2)In(1.7)P(0.3)O(5.3) and Ba(2)In(1.7)S(0.3)O(5.45) cannot be described, at the local scale, by a cubic symmetry. The PDFs of these two samples clearly showed a distorted atom arrangement in the short-range which can be described again with the orthorhombic symmetry found in pure barium indate. C1 [Mancini, Alessandro; Tealdi, Cristina; Malavasi, Lorenzo] Univ Pavia, Dept Chem, INSTM, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Mancini, Alessandro; Tealdi, Cristina; Malavasi, Lorenzo] Univ Pavia, IENI CNR, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Shin, J. Felix; Orera, Alodia; Slater, Peter R.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Chem, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Page, Katharine L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Malavasi, L (reprint author), Univ Pavia, Dept Chem, INSTM, Viale Taramelli 16, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. EM Lorenzo.malavasi@unipv.it RI Orera, Alodia/G-4513-2010; Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Orera, Alodia/B-9524-2009; Malavasi, Lorenzo/P-1966-2016; OI Orera, Alodia/0000-0001-8751-0983; Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383; Malavasi, Lorenzo/0000-0003-4724-2376; Slater, Peter/0000-0002-6280-7673 FU INSTM-Regione Lombardia Project "PICASSO" FX We acknowledge the support of the INSTM-Regione Lombardia Project "PICASSO" and the APS Facility for providing beam time. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.1039/c1dt11660f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 857GG UT WOS:000297705200006 PM 22105971 ER PT J AU Brayshaw, SK Easun, TL George, MW Griffin, AME Johnson, AL Raithby, PR Savarese, TL Schiffers, S Warren, JE Warren, MR Teat, SJ AF Brayshaw, Simon K. Easun, Timothy L. George, Michael W. Griffin, Alexandra M. E. Johnson, Andrew L. Raithby, Paul R. Savarese, Teresa L. Schiffers, Stefanie Warren, John E. Warren, Mark R. Teat, Simon J. TI Photocrystallographic identification of metastable nitrito linkage isomers in a series of nickel(II) complexes SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TO-SINGLE-CRYSTAL; PHOTOINDUCED PHASE-TRANSITION; SPIN-EXCHANGE INTERACTION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATE STRUCTURE; D(9) METAL CENTERS; SODIUM-NITROPRUSSIDE; NITROSYL PORPHYRINS; CROSSOVER COMPLEXES AB Single crystal photocrystallographic experiments and solid state Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the low temperature, metastable structures of the nickel(II) nitrito complexes [Ni(aep)(2)(eta(1)-ONO) 2] 1#O (aep = 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperidine), [Ni(aem)(2)(eta(1)-ONO)(2)] 2#O (aem = 1-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine), and [Ni(aepy)(2)(eta(1)-ONO)(2)] 3#O (aepy = 1-(2-aminoethyl) pyrrolidine and where the #O denotes the oxygen-bound nitrito metastable molecule). These linkage isomers of the equivalent nitro complexes [Ni(aep)(2)(eta(1)-NO2)(2)] 1, [Ni(aem)(2)(eta(1)-NO2)(2)] 2 and [Ni(aepy)2(eta(1)-NO2)(2)] 3 are formed by LED irradiation at temperatures below 120 K. The behavior of the three complexes upon irradiation is generally similar, but some subtle differences have been observed. From the crystallographic studies all three complexes 1-3 exhibit the endo-nitrito linkage isomer upon irradiation, however, for 3# (a crystal structure that contains components of both 3 and 3#O) an exo-nitrito isomer is also observed. Under conditions of 90-100 K, with blue light, the conversion percentages to the nitrito isomers, 1#O, 2#O and 3#O were 16%, 22% and 30%, respectively. At temperatures below 110 K all three nitrito isomers were stable for over four hours but while 2#O and 3#O could be detected at temperatures down to 30 K, at temperatures below 60 K the metastable structure 1#O appeared to be quenched and only the nitro isomer 1 was identified in the crystal. The solid state Raman spectra for 1#, 2# and 3# confirmed the photocrystallographic results with the nitrito isomers being identified from the O-N-O deformation vibrations. C1 [Easun, Timothy L.; George, Michael W.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Brayshaw, Simon K.; Johnson, Andrew L.; Raithby, Paul R.; Savarese, Teresa L.; Schiffers, Stefanie; Warren, Mark R.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Griffin, Alexandra M. E.; Warren, John E.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP George, MW (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Univ Pk, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM m.w.george@nottingham.ac.uk; p.r.raithby@bath.ac.uk RI Warren, John/B-5219-2008; Raithby, Paul/N-7997-2014; Easun, Timothy/B-9100-2011; OI Warren, John/0000-0002-8755-7981; Raithby, Paul/0000-0002-2944-0662; Easun, Timothy/0000-0002-0713-2642; Johnson, Andrew/0000-0001-5241-0878 FU EPSRC [EP/D058147, EP/D054397]; states of Jersey; STFC Daresbury Laboratory; Royal Society FX We thank the EPSRC for financial support for the project (EP/D058147 and EP/D054397) and for studentships to S. S. and M. R. W. and for a Senior Research Fellowship to P. R. R. T. L. S. thanks the states of Jersey and the STFC Daresbury Laboratory for a studentship. M. W. G. gratefully acknowledges the receipt of a Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. Professor Neil Champness, University of Nottingham, and Professor Philip Coppens, SUNY Buffalo, are thanked for helpful discussions. We are grateful to the STFC Daresbury Laboratory and the ALS, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the award of beamtime. We acknowledge the Nottingham Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Centre for giving access to the Raman system and the East Midlands Development Agency for funding this equipment. NR 71 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2012 VL 41 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1039/c1dt11379h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 857GG UT WOS:000297705200011 PM 22012005 ER PT J AU Wishart, JF Funston, AM Szreder, T Cook, AR Gohdo, M AF Wishart, James F. Funston, Alison M. Szreder, Tomasz Cook, Andrew R. Gohdo, Masao TI Electron solvation dynamics and reactivity in ionic liquids observed by picosecond radiolysis techniques SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; PHYSICAL-CHEMISTRY; LOCAL ENVIRONMENTS; HYDRATED ELECTRON; TEMPERATURE; SCAVENGERS; ALCOHOLS; KINETICS; METHYLTRIBUTYLAMMONIUM; HETEROGENEITY AB On time scales of a nanosecond or less, radiolytically-generated excess electrons in ionic liquids undergo solvation processes and reactions that determine all subsequent chemistry and the accumulation of radiolytic damage. Using picosecond pulse radiolysis detection methods, we observed and quantified the solvation response of the electron in 1-methyl-1-butyl-pyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide and used it to understand electron scavenging by a typical solute, duroquinone. C1 [Wishart, James F.; Funston, Alison M.; Szreder, Tomasz; Cook, Andrew R.; Gohdo, Masao] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wishart, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wishart@bnl.gov; Alison.Funston@monash.edu; t.szreder@ichtj.waw.pl; acook@bnl.gov; mgohdo@bnl.gov RI Funston, Alison/B-8817-2012; Wishart, James/L-6303-2013; OI Funston, Alison/0000-0002-4320-6434; Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636; Cook, Andrew/0000-0001-6633-3447 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work, and use of the LEAF Facility of the BNL Accelerator Center for Energy Research, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under contract # DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2012 VL 154 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1039/c1fd00065a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 854SK UT WOS:000297514300022 PM 22455029 ER PT J AU Osta, AR Lee, J Sallam, KA Fezzaa, K AF Osta, A. R. Lee, J. Sallam, K. A. Fezzaa, K. TI Study of the effects of the injector length/diameter ratio on the surface properties of turbulent liquid jets in still air using X-ray imaging SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE Jet; Turbulence; Injector; Atomization ID NOZZLE-GEOMETRY; PRIMARY BREAKUP; FLOW; ATOMIZATION; MECHANISM AB The disintegration of turbulent liquid jets in gases, a process termed turbulent primary breakup, has many industrial applications, especially in liquid injection systems whose injector internal flow results in enhanced turbulence generation. An investigation was carried out by using X-ray diagnostics at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) facility of Argonne National Laboratory on two injectors with a smooth entry followed by round passage with different length-to-diameter ratios of 10 and 40, operating at the same injection speed. The test matrix was designed to eliminate cavitation and to isolate the effect of length/diameter ratio of the injector passage and to determine the importance of jet turbulence compared to aerodynamic forces. The X-ray diagnostics used allowed the surface and internal topography of liquid jets to be visualized and the spatial distribution of the surface ligaments to be revealed in the near-injector region. The present results show that the separation distance between a ligament and its neighbors depends on the ligament sizes, and the injector length/diameter ratio affects the rates of breakup. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Osta, A. R.; Lee, J.; Sallam, K. A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Fezzaa, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sallam, KA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM khaled.sallam@okstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD JAN PY 2012 VL 38 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.08.011 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 853LZ UT WOS:000297429100008 ER PT J AU Weinberger, CR Jennings, AT Kang, K Greer, JR AF Weinberger, Christopher R. Jennings, Andrew T. Kang, Keonwook Greer, Julia R. TI Atomistic simulations and continuum modeling of dislocation nucleation and strength in gold nanowires SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Microstructures; Dislocations; Nucleation ID CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; SURFACE STRESS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; YIELD STRENGTH; CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; PLASTICITY; RECONSTRUCTION AB The strength of true metallic nanowires and nanopillars (diameters below 100 nm) is known to be higher than the strength of bulk metals and is most likely controlled by dislocation nucleation from free surfaces. Dislocation nucleation is a thermally activated process that is sensitive to both temperature and strain rate. However, most simulations rely on high strain rate molecular dynamics to investigate strength and nucleation, which is limited by short molecular dynamics time scales. In this work, the energetics of dislocation nucleation in gold nanowires are computed using atomistic simulations, and transition state theory is used to estimate the strength at experimental strain rates revealing detailed information outside the realm accessible to molecular dynamics simulations. This allows investigation into the competition between thermally activated dislocation nucleation and other failure mechanisms such as elastic and structural instabilities. Additionally, the mechanisms of dislocation nucleation are compared against analytical continuum models which allow a better understanding of the nucleation process including the effects of the wire surfaces. This study helps clarify and consolidate our understanding of the nature of dislocation nucleation in small structures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weinberger, Christopher R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Jennings, Andrew T.; Greer, Julia R.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kang, Keonwook] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weinberger, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM crweinb@sandia.gov RI Weinberger, Christopher/E-2602-2011; OI Weinberger, Christopher/0000-0001-9550-6992; Kang, Keonwook/0000-0002-8428-8288 FU Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation; NSF [DMR-0748267]; Los Alamos National Laboratories through LDRD-DR FX The authors wish to acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. Jonathan Zimmerman and Prof. Wei Cai. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract no. DE-AC04-94AL85000. A.T.J. and J.R.G. gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation through ATJ's NSF Graduate Research Fellowship and JRG's CAREER grant (DMR-0748267). K.K. acknowledges support from Los Alamos National Laboratories through LDRD-DR. NR 70 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-5096 J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids PD JAN PY 2012 VL 60 IS 1 BP 84 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2011.09.010 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA 858UV UT WOS:000297829600006 ER PT J AU Roiter, Y Minko, I Nykypanchuk, D Tokarev, I Minko, S AF Roiter, Yuri Minko, Iryna Nykypanchuk, Dmytro Tokarev, Ihor Minko, Sergiy TI Mechanism of nanoparticle actuation by responsive polymer brushes: from reconfigurable composite surfaces to plasmonic effects SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-METAL NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; LAYERS; TRANSDUCERS; AGGREGATION; NANOSENSORS AB The mechanism of nanoparticle actuation by stimuli-responsive polymer brushes triggered by changes in the solution pH was discovered and investigated in detail in this study. The finding explains the high spectral sensitivity of the composite ultrathin film composed of a poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) brush that tunes the spacing between two kinds of nanoparticles-gold nanoislands immobilized on a transparent support and gold colloidal particles adsorbed on the brush. The optical response of the film relies on the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonances in the noble metal nanoparticles, giving rise to an extinction band in visible spectra, and a plasmon coupling between the particles and the islands that has a strong effect on the band position and intensity. Since the coupling is controlled by the interparticle spacing, the pH-triggered swelling-shrinking transition in the P2VP brush leads to pronounced changes in the transmission spectra of the hybrid film. It was not established in the previous publications how the actuation of gold nanoparticles within a 10-15 nm interparticle distance could result in the 50-60 nm shift in the absorbance maximum in contrast to the model experiments and theoretical estimations of several nanometer shifts. In this work, the extinction band was deconvoluted into four spectrally separated and overlapping contributions that were attributed to different modes of interactions between the particles and the islands. These modes came into existence due to variations in the thickness of the grafted polymeric layer on the profiled surface of the islands. In situ atomic force microscopy measurements allowed us to explore the behavior of the Au particles as the P2VP brush switched between the swollen and collapsed states. In particular, we identified an interesting, previously unanticipated regime when a particle position in a polymer brush was switched between two distinct states: the particle exposed to the surface of the collapsed layer and the particle engulfed by the swollen brush. On average, the characteristic distance between the particles and the islands increased upon the brush swelling. The observed behavior was a result of the anchoring of the particles to polymeric chains that limited the particles' vertical motion range. The experimental findings will be used to design highly sensitive optical nanosensors based on a polymer-brush-modulated interparticle plasmon coupling. C1 [Roiter, Yuri; Minko, Iryna; Tokarev, Ihor; Minko, Sergiy] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Nykypanchuk, Dmytro] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tokarev, I (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM itokarev@clarkson.edu; sminko@clarkson.edu RI Minko, Sergiy/A-9458-2009; Tokarev, Igor/B-2876-2009 OI Minko, Sergiy/0000-0002-7747-9668; FU U.S. Army [W911NF-05-1-0339]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the U.S. Army via Grant W911NF-05-1-0339. Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors express special thanks to Dr Oleg Gang (Brookhaven National Laboratory) for helpful discussions. NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 58 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2012 VL 4 IS 1 BP 284 EP 292 DI 10.1039/c1nr10932d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 859BG UT WOS:000297848500038 PM 22081128 ER PT J AU Aznauryan, IG Burkert, VD AF Aznauryan, I. G. Burkert, V. D. TI Electroexcitation of nucleon resonances SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Meson electroproduction; Electromagnetic transition form factors; Non-strange baryons ID SINGLE-PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; TRANSITION FORM-FACTORS; T DISPERSION-RELATIONS; RELATIVISTIC QUARK-MODEL; LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; MAINZ MICROTRON MAMI; K-MATRIX FITS; ROPER-RESONANCE; MESON ELECTROPRODUCTION; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS AB We review recent progress in the investigation of the electroexcitation of nucleon resonances, both in experiment and in theory. We describe current experimental facilities, the experiments performed on pi and eta electroproduction off protons, and theoretical approaches used for the extraction of resonance contributions from the experimental data. The status of 2 pi, K Lambda, and K Sigma electroproduction is also presented. The most accurate results have been obtained for the electroexcitation amplitudes of the four lowest excited states, which have been measured in a range of Q(2) up to 8 and 4.5 GeV2 for Delta(1232)P-33, N(1535)S-11 and N(1440)P-11, N(1520)D-13, respectively. These results have been confronted with calculations based on lattice QCD, large-N-c relations, perturbative QCD (pQCD), and QCD-inspired models. The amplitudes for the Delta(1232) indicate large pion-cloud contributions at low Q(2) and do not show any sign of approaching the pQCD regime for Q(2) < 7 GeV2. Measured for the first time, the electroexcitation amplitudes of the Roper resonance, N(1440)P-11, provide strong evidence for this state as a predominantly radial excitation of a three-quark (3q) ground state, with additional non-3-quark contributions needed to describe the low Q(2) behavior of the amplitudes. The longitudinal transition amplitude for the N(1535)S-11 was determined and has become a challenge for quark models. Explanations may require large meson-cloud contributions or alternative representations of this state. The N(1520)D-13 clearly shows the rapid changeover from helicity-3/2 dominance at the real photon point to helicity-1/2 dominance at Q(2) > 0.5 GeV2, confirming a long-standing prediction of the constituent quark model. The interpretation of the moments of resonance transition form factors in terms of transition transverse charge distributions in infinite momentum frame is presented. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aznauryan, I. G.; Burkert, V. D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Aznauryan, I. G.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 0036, Armenia. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM burkert@jlab.org FU LIS Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Department of Education and Science of Republic of Armenia [11-1C015] FX This work was supported by the LIS Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177 and the Department of Education and Science of Republic of Armenia, Grant-11-1C015. NR 258 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 EI 1873-2224 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS JI Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 1 BP 1 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.08.001 PG 54 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 858EK UT WOS:000297778500001 ER PT J AU Hetherly, J Martinez, E Di, ZF Nastasi, M Caro, A AF Hetherly, J. Martinez, E. Di, Z. F. Nastasi, M. Caro, A. TI Helium bubble precipitation at dislocation networks SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Precipitation; Grain boundary structure; He bubbles ID MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; IRRADIATION; ALLOYS; GROWTH; STEELS; IRON AB We report on a study of nanoscale He bubble precipitation and growth at a twist grain boundary in two face-centered cubic materials. Experimentally, the twist boundary in Au captures all the He in the sample, forming equal-sized bubbles at the dislocation intersection junctions. Simulations in Cu reveal a complex structure of the interface and different He pressure in the interface bubbles compared to bulk, providing an explanation for the high efficiency of the boundary to capture all the He in the sample. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hetherly, J.; Martinez, E.; Di, Z. F.; Nastasi, M.; Caro, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Caro, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM caro@lanl.gov FU Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes; US Department of Energy [2008LANL1026]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX This work was performed with support from the Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy (Award Number 2008LANL1026) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. J.H. and Z.D. acknowledge support from the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 66 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.09.027 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 859LX UT WOS:000297879000005 ER PT J AU Kolmakov, GV Schaefer, A Aranson, I Balazs, AC AF Kolmakov, German V. Schaefer, Alexander Aranson, Igor Balazs, Anna C. TI Designing mechano-responsive microcapsules that undergo self-propelled motion SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYER CAPSULES; FILLED MICROCAPSULES; RELEASE PROPERTIES; DRUG-RELEASE; GO SYSTEM; MODEL; DEFORMATION; VESICLES; SURFACES; SMART AB Biological cells are capable of sensing mechanical cues and responding to these signals by undergoing morphological changes and directed motion. A significant challenge is creating cell-like objects that can translate mechanical stimuli into analogous behavior. Herein, we use computational modeling to design a simple mechanosensitive "cell'' that responds to mechanical deformation through a shape change that allows it to undergo self-sustained, directed movement. Our cellular object is formed from a nanoparticle-filled microcapsule that is located on an adhesive substrate in solution. In response to a locally applied force, the deformed capsule releases nanoparticles that bind to the surface and dynamically create adhesion gradients. Due to the self-generated gradients, the capsule moves autonomously from regions of less adhesion to greater adhesion. During the capsule's motion, new nanoparticles are released that both sustain and propagate the adhesion gradients and thus, the capsule sustains autonomous movement along its path (until it is depleted of nanoparticles). The self-sustained motion occurs only if the permeability of the capsule's shell depends on mechanical deformation. We isolate critical parameters that control the dynamic behavior of this mechano-responsive capsule. Our findings can facilitate the fabrication of devices that are powered by the autonomous movement of microscopic synthetic cells. Additionally, the capsules could serve as sensors for mechanical strain, indicating the presence of strain fields by their spontaneous motion and release of nanoparticles; the latter behavior could be exploited in the fabrication of self-healing materials. C1 [Balazs, Anna C.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Kolmakov, German V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Kolmakov, German V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Simulat & Modeling, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Schaefer, Alexander] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Aranson, Igor] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balazs, AC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM balazs@pitt.edu RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013 FU DOE; National Science Foundation [TG-DMR100027]; Center of Simulation and Modeling of the University of Pittsburgh; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX ACB gratefully acknowledges financial support from DOE. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources provided by NCSA under grant number TG-DMR100027 and by the Center of Simulation and Modeling of the University of Pittsburgh. The work of I. S. A. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Contract DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2012 VL 8 IS 1 BP 180 EP 190 DI 10.1039/c1sm06415k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 855JX UT WOS:000297561400023 ER PT J AU Grover, S Moddel, G AF Grover, Sachit Moddel, Garret TI Engineering the current-voltage characteristics of metal-insulator-metal diodes using double-insulator tunnel barriers SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE MIM diode; Electron tunneling; Transfer-matrix method; MOM diode ID JUNCTION; EFFICIENCY; DEVICES; FILMS AB The femtosecond-fast transport in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel diodes makes them attractive for applications such as ultra-high frequency rectenna detectors and solar cells, and mixers. These applications impose severe requirements on the diode current-voltage I(V) characteristics. For example, rectennas operating at terahertz or higher frequencies require diodes to have low resistance and adequate nonlinearity. To analyze and design MIM diodes with the desired characteristics, we developed a simulator based on the transfer-matrix method, and verified its accuracy by comparing simulated I(V) characteristics with those measured in MIM diodes that we fabricated by sputtering, and also with simulations based on the quantum transmitting boundary method. Single-insulator low-resistance diodes are not sufficiently nonlinear for efficient rectennas. Multi-insulator diodes can be engineered to provide both low resistance and substantial nonlinearity. The improved performance of multi-insulator diodes can result from either resonant tunneling or a step change in tunneling distance with voltage, either of which can be made to dominate by the appropriate choice of insulators and barrier thicknesses. The stability of the interfaces in the MIIM diodes is confirmed through a thermodynamic analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Grover, Sachit; Moddel, Garret] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Grover, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sachitgrover@ieee.org RI Grover, Sachit/M-1881-2013 FU DARPA through US Army Aviation & Missile Command [W31P4Q-06-C-0296]; Abengoa Solar FX We thank Olga Dmitriyeva, Xi Chen, and David Doroski for helping with the fabrication and measurement of the MIM diodes. This work was partially supported by DARPA through US Army Aviation & Missile Command Contract No. W31P4Q-06-C-0296. We gratefully acknowledge additional partial support through a contract from Abengoa Solar. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 67 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.sse.2011.09.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 859LT UT WOS:000297878600016 ER PT J AU Deaton, JD Ahmad, SA Shukla, U Irwin, RE DaSilva, LA MacKenzie, AB AF Deaton, Juan D. Ahmad, Syed A. Shukla, Umesh Irwin, Ryan E. DaSilva, Luiz A. MacKenzie, Allen B. TI Evaluation of Dynamic Channel and Power Assignment for Cognitive Networks SO WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Cognitive networks; Dynamic channel and power assignment; Mobile ad hoc networks; Network density ID AD-HOC NETWORKS; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, we develop a unifying optimization formulation to describe the Dynamic Channel and Power Assignment (DCPA) problem and an evaluation method for comparing DCPA algorithms. DCPA refers to the allocation of transmit power and frequency channels to links in a cognitive network so as to maximize the total number of feasible links while minimizing the aggregate transmit power. We apply our evaluation method to five representative DPCA algorithms proposed in the literature. This comparison illustrates the tradeoffs between control modes (centralized versus distributed) and channel/power assignment techniques. We estimate the complexity of each algorithm. Through simulations, we evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms in achieving feasible link allocations in the network, and their power efficiency. Our results indicate that, when few channels are available, the effectiveness of all algorithms is comparable and thus the one with smallest complexity should be selected. The Least Interfering Channel and Iterative Power Assignment algorithm does not require cross-link gain information, has the overall lowest run time, and achieves the highest feasibility ratio of all the distributed algorithms; however, this comes at a cost of higher average power per link. C1 [Deaton, Juan D.; Ahmad, Syed A.; Shukla, Umesh; Irwin, Ryan E.; DaSilva, Luiz A.; MacKenzie, Allen B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Deaton, Juan D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [DaSilva, Luiz A.] Trinity Coll Dublin, CTVR, Dublin, Ireland. RP Deaton, JD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM deatjd@vt.edu; saahmad@vt.edu; ushukla@vt.edu; reirwin@vt.edu; ldasilva@vt.edu; mackenab@vt.edu FU Idaho National Laboratory (INL); Virginia Tech Bradley Fellowship; US Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work is partially supported by the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Ph.D. Candidate Program and Virginia Tech Bradley Fellowship. Work supported by the INL is done under Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Department of Energy or the US Government. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0929-6212 EI 1572-834X J9 WIRELESS PERS COMMUN JI Wirel. Pers. Commun. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 62 IS 2 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s11277-010-0053-1 PG 14 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA 858ZJ UT WOS:000297842400003 ER PT J AU Jakllari, G Eidenbenz, S Hengartner, N Krishnamurthy, SV Faloutsos, M AF Jakllari, Gentian Eidenbenz, Stephan Hengartner, Nicolas Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V. Faloutsos, Michalis TI Link Positions Matter: A Noncommutative Routing Metric for Wireless Mesh Networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Wireless networks; routing metrics; IEEE 802.11 testbeds AB We revisit the problem of computing the path with the minimum cost in terms of the expected number of link layer transmissions (including retransmissions) in wireless mesh networks. Unlike previous efforts, such as the popular ETX, we account for the fact that MAC protocols (including the IEEE 802.11 MAC) incorporate a finite number of transmission attempts per packet. This in turn leads to our key observation: the performance of a path depends not only on the number of the links on the path and the quality of its links, but also, on the relative positions of the links on the path. Based on this observation, we propose ETOP, a path metric that accurately captures the expected number of link layer transmissions required for reliable end-to-end packet delivery. We analytically compute ETOP, which is not trivial, since ETOP is a noncommutative function of the link success probabilities. Although ETOP is a more involved metric, we show that the problem of computing paths with the minimum ETOP cost can be solved by a greedy algorithm. We implement and evaluate a routing approach based on ETOP on a 25-node indoor mesh network. Our experiments show that the path selection with ETOP consistently results in superior TCP goodput (by over 50 percent in many cases) compared to path selection based on ETX. We also perform an in-depth analysis of the measurements to better understand why the paths selected by ETOP improve the TCP performance. C1 [Jakllari, Gentian] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Eidenbenz, Stephan; Hengartner, Nicolas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn BU2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V.; Faloutsos, Michalis] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Jakllari, G (reprint author), Raytheon BBN Technol, 10 Moulton St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gentian@bbn.com; eidenben@lanl.gov; nickh@lanl.gov; krish@cs.ucr.edu; michalis@cs.ucr.edu OI Eidenbenz, Stephan/0000-0002-2628-1854 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1233 J9 IEEE T MOBILE COMPUT JI IEEE. Trans. Mob. Comput. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 11 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1109/TMC.2011.79 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 852PY UT WOS:000297371100006 ER PT J AU Segurado, J Lebensohn, RA LLorca, J Tome, CN AF Segurado, Javier Lebensohn, Ricardo A. LLorca, Javier Tome, Carlos N. TI Multiscale modeling of plasticity based on embedding the viscoplastic self-consistent formulation in implicit finite elements SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Polycrystalline material; Anisotropic material; Crystal plasticity; Microstructures; Finite elements ID NONLINEAR INELASTIC COMPOSITES; PURITY ALPHA-TITANIUM; MAGNESIUM ALLOY AZ31; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; ANISOTROPIC RESPONSE; MECHANICAL RESPONSE AB This paper is concerned with the multiscale simulation of plastic deformation of metallic specimens using physically-based models that take into account their polycrystalline microstructure and the directionality of deformation mechanisms acting at single-crystal level. A polycrystal model based on self-consistent homogenization of single-crystal viscoplastic behavior is used to provide a texture-sensitive constitutive response of each material point, within a boundary problem solved with finite elements (FE) at the macroscale. The resulting constitutive behavior is that of an elasto-viscoplastic material, implemented in the implicit FE code ABAQUS. The widely-used viscoplastic selfconsistent (VPSC) formulation for polycrystal deformation has been implemented inside a user-defined material (UMAT) subroutine, providing the relationship between stress and plastic strain-rate response. Each integration point of the FE model is considered as a polycrystal with a given initial texture that evolves with deformation. The viscoplastic compliance tensor computed internally in the polycrystal model is in turn used for the minimization of a suitable-designed residual, as well as in the construction of the elasto-viscoplastic tangent stiffness matrix required by the implicit FE scheme. Uniaxial tension and simple shear of an FCC polycrystal have been used to benchmark the accuracy of the proposed implicit scheme and the correct treatment of rotations for prediction of texture evolution. In addition, two applications are presented to illustrate the potential of the multiscale strategy: a simulation of rolling of an FCC plate, in which the model predicts the development of different textures through the thickness of the plate; and the deformation under 4-point bending of textured HCP bars, in which the model captures the dimensional changes associated with different orientations of the dominant texture component with respect to the bending plane. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lebensohn, Ricardo A.; Tome, Carlos N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87845 USA. [Segurado, Javier; LLorca, Javier] Univ Politecn Madrid, Dept Mat Sci, Madrid Inst Adv Studies Mat, IMDEA Mat Inst, Madrid 28040, Spain. RP Lebensohn, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87845 USA. EM jsegurado@mater.upm.es; lebenso@lanl.gov; javier.llorca@imdea.org; tome@lanl.gov RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; LLorca, Javier/C-1140-2013; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Segurado, Javier/M-7713-2014; OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; LLorca, Javier/0000-0002-3122-7879; Segurado, Javier/0000-0002-3617-2205; SEGURADO ESCUDERO, JAVIER/0000-0001-5055-3736 FU Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain [MAT2009-14396]; Comunidad de Madrid, ESTRUMAT [S2009/MAT-1585]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [FWP-06SCPE401] FX The authors wish to thank Nathan Barton (LLNL) for fruitful discussions. J.S. and J.LL. acknowledge support from Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain, Grant MAT2009-14396, and by Comunidad de Madrid, ESTRUMAT program (S2009/MAT-1585). R.A.L.'s work supported by US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. C.N.T. acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, project FWP-06SCPE401. NR 43 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 28 IS 1 BP 124 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2011.07.002 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 853CD UT WOS:000297402900008 ER PT J AU Obradovic, MD Rogan, JR Babic, BM Tripkovic, AV Gautam, ARS Radmilovic, VR Gojkovic, SL AF Obradovic, M. D. Rogan, J. R. Babic, B. M. Tripkovic, A. V. Gautam, A. R. S. Radmilovic, V. R. Gojkovic, S. Lj TI Formic acid oxidation on Pt-Au nanoparticles: Relation between the catalyst activity and the poisoning rate SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Formic acid electrooxidation; Platinum; Gold; Nanoparticles; Fuel cell ID FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; ELECTROOXIDATION; SURFACE; METHANOL; GOLD; ELECTRODES AB Pt-Au nanoparticles supported on high area carbon were prepared by simultaneous reduction of Au and Pt precursors and by reduction of Pt precursor on already prepared Au nanoparticles. The first method produced a solid solution of Pt in Au containing similar to 5% Pt with the remaining Pt on the nanoparticles' surface. For the Pt:Au precursor ratio of 1:4 and 1:9, the surface ratio was found to be 0.70:0.30 and 0.55:0.45, respectively. By the second method with the Pt:Au precursors ratio of 1:12, the surface ratio was 0.30:0.70. The voltammetric peaks of Pt-oxide reduction and CO(ads) oxidation demonstrated electronic modification of Pt by Au in all catalysts. With decreasing Pt:Au surface ratio the activity for HCOOH oxidation increases and surface coverage by CO(ads) decreases. The highest activity under potentiodynamic and quasi steady-state conditions without poisoning by CO(ads) was observed for the catalyst with the lowest Pt:Au surface ratio. Chronoamperometic test showed that its high catalytic activity is associated with a high deactivation rate. It was postulated that too strong adsorption of a reactive or non-reactive intermediate caused by electron modification of Pt by underlying Au, is responsible for the deactivation. This result stresses that high Pt dispersion, necessary for promotion of the dehydrogenation path in HCOOH oxidation, can produce too strong adsorption of intermediates causing deactivation of the catalyst. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rogan, J. R.; Radmilovic, V. R.; Gojkovic, S. Lj] Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Belgrade 11120, Serbia. [Obradovic, M. D.; Tripkovic, A. V.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Chem Technol & Met, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Babic, B. M.] Univ Belgrade, Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Gautam, A. R. S.; Radmilovic, V. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gojkovic, SL (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade 11120, Serbia. EM sgojkovic@tmf.bg.ac.rs RI Obradovic, Maja/C-5999-2008 FU Ministry of Science, Republic of Serbia [ON 172054]; Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Center; European FP7 project [245916]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Republic of Serbia, Contract No. ON 172054. V.R.R acknowledges support of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials Center, funded by the European FP7 project No. 245916. Electron microscopy was performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 197 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.043 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 852YZ UT WOS:000297394700010 ER PT J AU Chou, YS Thomsen, EC Choi, JP Stevenson, JW AF Chou, Yeong-Shyung Thomsen, E. C. Choi, J. -P. Stevenson, J. W. TI Compliant alkali silicate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cell applications: Combined stability in isothermal ageing and thermal cycling with YSZ coated ferritic stainless steels SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Sealing glass; Compliant glass; YSZ coating; SOFC ID ELECTRICAL STABILITY; CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS; DUAL ENVIRONMENT; CORROSION; SOFC; SEALANTS; ALUMINA; ALLOY AB An alkali silicate glass (SCN-1) is being evaluated as a candidate sealant for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The glass contains about 17 wt.% alkalis (K + Na) and has low glass transition and softening temperatures. It remains vitreous and compliant after sealing without substantial crystallization, as contrary to conventional glass-ceramic sealant. The glassy nature and low characteristic temperatures can reduce residual stresses and result in the potential for crack healing. In a previous study, the glass was found to have good thermal cycle stability and was chemically compatible with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating during short term testing. In this study, the compliant glass was further evaluated in a more realistic way in that the sealed couples were first isothermally aged for 1000 h followed by thermal cycling. High temperature leakage was measured. Chemical compatibility was also investigated with powder mixtures to enhance potential interfacial reaction. In addition, interfacial microstructure was examined with scanning electron microscopy and evaluated with regard to the leakage and chemical compatibility results. Overall the compliant sealing glass showed desirable chemical compatibility with YSZ coated metallic interconnect of minimum reaction and hermetic behavior at 700-750 degrees C in dual environment. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chou, Yeong-Shyung; Thomsen, E. C.; Choi, J. -P.; Stevenson, J. W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Chou, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, K2-44,POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yeong-shyung.chou@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy's Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA); US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The authors would like to thank S. Carlson and J. Coleman for SEM sample preparation and analysis. This paper was funded through the US Department of Energy's Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Core Technology Program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2012 VL 197 BP 154 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.09.027 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 852YZ UT WOS:000297394700023 ER PT J AU Muszala, SP Alaghband, G Hack, J Connors, D AF Muszala, Stefan P. Alaghband, Gita Hack, James Connors, Daniel TI Natural Load Indices (NLI) for scientific simulation SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Load index; Dynamic load balancing; Scientific computing; Parallel processing ID PARALLEL OCEAN PROGRAM; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTION AB We present Natural Load Indices (NLIs) as an alternative to measurement-based load indices. NLIs facilitate further performance improvement and better resource usage. Example NLIs are rainfall amounts in a climate simulation, mass of an atom in a Molecular Dynamics (MD) code and surface fluxes in an ocean model. The process of obtaining an NLI occurs during model development or as a preprocessing step and implementing NLIs minimizes run-time costs associated with dynamic load balancing. NLIs are investigated in several applications. (A) We implement NLIs in the Community Atmosphere Model and discuss performance. (B) We extend prior Molecular Dynamics work by providing performance analysis using longer simulations. (C) We demonstrate the existence of an NLI in an ocean model. (D) We demonstrate similarities between NLIs in those models and show that NLIs are a general class of load index. Systems investigated include Pentium 4 Xeon, IBM Power5-p575 and IBM BlueGene/L parallel platforms. C1 [Muszala, Stefan P.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Alaghband, Gita] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Alaghband, Gita] Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Hack, James] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Connors, Daniel] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Muszala, SP (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM muszala@txcorp.com FU Climate Modeling Section of the National Center for Atmospheric Research; Tech-X corporation; NSF MRI [CNS-0421498, CNS-0420873, CNS-0420985]; NSF of the National Center for Atmospheric Research; University of Colorado; IBM FX Support was granted by Climate Modeling Section of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the Tech-X corporation. Computer time was provided by NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0421498, NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0420873, NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0420985, NSF sponsorship of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado, and a grant from the IBM Shared University Research (SUR) program. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD JAN PY 2012 VL 59 IS 1 BP 392 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s11227-010-0442-y PG 22 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 852LO UT WOS:000297359600018 ER EF