FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Jolmson, J
Montoya, M
McCalmont, S
Katzir, G
Fuks, F
Earle, J
Fresquez, A
Gonzalez, S
Granata, J
AF Jolmson, Jay
Montoya, Michael
McCalmont, Scott
Katzir, Gil
Fuks, Felipe
Earle, Justis
Fresquez, Armando
Gonzalez, Sigifredo
Granata, Jennifer
GP IEEE
TI Differentiating Series and Parallel Photovoltaic Arc-Faults
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic systems; arc-fault detection; series and parallel
arc-faults; sensors; monitoring; power system safety
AB The 2011 National Electrical Code (R) requires PV DC series arc-fault protection but does not require parallel arc-fault protection. As a result, manufacturers are creating arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) which only safely de-energize the arcing circuit when a series arc-fault occurs. Since AFCI devices often use the broadband AC noise on the DC side of the PV system for detection and series and parallel arc-faults create similar frequency content, it is likely an AFCI device will open in the event of either arc-fault type. In the case of parallel arc-faults, opening the AFCI will not extinguish the arc and may make the arc worse, potentially creating a fire. Due to the fire risk from parallel arc-faults, Tigo Energy and Sandia National Laboratories studied series and parallel arc-faults and confirmed the noise signatures from the two arc-faults types are nearly identical. As a result, three alternative methods for differentiating parallel and series arc-faults are presented along with suggestions for arc-fault mitigation of each arc-fault type.
C1 [Jolmson, Jay; Montoya, Michael; Fresquez, Armando; Gonzalez, Sigifredo; Granata, Jennifer] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[McCalmont, Scott; Katzir, Gil; Fuks, Felipe; Earle, Justis] Tigo Energy, Los Gatos, CA 95032 USA.
RP Jolmson, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's National
Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; US Department of
Energy; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [NEU-2-11979-03]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was
partly funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies
Program and partly supported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
under subcontract NEU-2-11979-03.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 720
EP 726
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801002
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, H
Lynn, K
Razon, A
AF Thomas, Holly
Lynn, Kevin
Razon, Alvin
GP IEEE
TI Current Results of the US DOE High Penetration Solar Deployment Project
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE distributed generation; high penetration; photovoltaic systems;
utilities; PV; modeling and simulation; interconnection; energy storage;
distribution engineering analysis; solar generation; data acquisition
system; SunShot
AB The SunShot Vision Study defines a scenario for solar energy technologies to significantly contribute to meeting U.S. electricity demand. To achieve this, work is in progress to identify, quantify, and address the impacts of high levels of distributed PV generation on electric distribution systems. The Department of Energy (DOE) Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP) initiated a project to gain experience and to identify and quantify these potential impacts, develop and verify models of these systems, evaluate methods for mitigating any impacts, and develop potential solutions. This paper summarizes the current progress of the six competitively selected projects.
C1 [Thomas, Holly; Lynn, Kevin; Razon, Alvin] US DOE, SunShot Initiat, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
RP Thomas, H (reprint author), US DOE, SunShot Initiat, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 731
EP 736
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801004
ER
PT J
AU Mather, B
Neal, R
AF Mather, Barry
Neal, Russell
GP IEEE
TI Integrating High Penetrations of PV into Southern California: Year 2
Project Update
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE high-penetration PV integration; PV impact; distribution system; power
hardware-in-loop testing; PHIL
AB Southern California Edison (SCE) is well into a five-year project to install a total of 500 MW of distributed photovoltaic (PV) energy within its utility service territory. Typical installations to date are 1-3 MWpeak rooftop PV systems that interconnect to medium-voltage urban distribution circuits or larger (5 MWpeak) ground-mounted systems that connect to medium-voltage rural distribution circuits. Some of the PV system interconnections have resulted in distribution circuits that have a significant amount of PV generation compared to customer load, resulting in high-penetration PV integration scenarios. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and SCE have assembled a team of distribution modeling, resource assessment, and PV inverter technology experts in order to investigate a few of the high-penetration PV distribution circuits. Currently, the distribution circuits being studied include an urban circuit with a PV penetration of approximately 46% and a rural circuit with a PV penetration of approximately 60%. In both cases, power flow on the circuit reverses direction, compared to traditional circuit operation, during periods of high PV power production and low circuit loading. Research efforts during year two of the five-year project were focused on modeling the distribution system level impacts of high-penetration PV integrations, the development and installation of distribution circuit data acquisition equipment appropriate for quantifying the impacts of high-penetration PV integrations, and investigating high-penetration PV impact mitigation strategies. This paper outlines these research efforts and discusses the following activities in more detail: the development of a quasi-static time-series test feeder for evaluating high-penetration PV integration modeling tools; the advanced inverter functions being investigated for deployment in the project's field demonstration and a power hardware-in-loop test of a 500-kW PV inverter implementing a limited set of advanced inverter functions.
C1 [Mather, Barry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Neal, Russell] Southern Calif Edison, Westminster, CA 92683 USA.
RP Mather, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) OffIce of Energy EffIciency and Renewable
Energy (EERE); Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP) [DE-EE0002061];
California Public Utility Commission (CPUC); Development, Demonstration
and Deployment (RDD); SCE
FX The SCE High-Penetration PV Integration Project is supported by the U.S.
Dept. of Energy (DOE) OffIce of Energy EffIciency and Renewable Energy
(EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Program (SETP), under the Analysis of
High Penetration Levels of PV into the Distribution Grid in California
Project, award no. DE-EE0002061, with match funding from the California
Public Utility Commission (CPUC) California Solar Initiative (CSI)
Research, Development, Demonstration and Deployment (RD&D). SCE also
supports the project as the host utility.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 737
EP 741
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801005
ER
PT J
AU Broderick, RJ
Ellis, A
AF Broderick, Robert J.
Ellis, Abraham
GP IEEE
TI Evaluation of Alternatives to the FERC SGIP Screens for PV
Interconnection Studies
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic; interconnection screening; distributed generation; FERC;
SGIP; impact study
AB Existing screening procedures contained in state and federal interconnection rules are designed to balance the need for efficiency and technical rigor for all Distributed Generation (DG). The interconnection of DG that pose no risk of system impacts based on the screens can be expedited without the need for further studies. While the interconnection screening procedures have served the industry well, they also need to evolve in order to remain relevant with respect to evolving standards, technology, and practical experience. This is particularly important considering the large and increasing volume of DG applications, particularly photovoltaic (PV) generation. This paper discusses the application of two screens from the point of view of PV: the 15% penetration on line sections and the 20 kW aggregate capacity screen for single-phase secondary circuits. We discuss extensions to the existing interconnection screens that allow for a more rigorous upfront technical evaluation to identify potential system impacts, based on the characteristics of PV generation. More effective and efficient screens will allow utilities to focus the interconnection study effort for PV systems on the cases most likely to impact the electric distribution system and avoid unnecessary interconnection study costs and delays.
C1 [Broderick, Robert J.; Ellis, Abraham] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Broderick, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 742
EP 747
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801006
ER
PT J
AU Ropp, ME
Ellis, A
AF Ropp, M. E.
Ellis, A.
GP IEEE
TI Guidelines Document for Helping Utility Protection Engineers Determine
When Additional Anti-Islanding Studies Are Prudent
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
AB As PV deployment levels rise, utility protection engineers are increasingly being asked to deal with questions about islanding, and whether any particular situation presents an elevated risk. Unfortunately, the tools available have not always kept pace with the rapid rate of change of PV technology, and thus protection engineers are sometimes forced to be excessively pessimistic in order to ensure system security. This paper describes a recently-written document intended to help alleviate some of this problem by helping protection engineers to know when islanding is not a significant risk, and situations in which additional study may be prudent. This guidelines document is publicly available from Sandia National Laboratories.
C1 [Ropp, M. E.] Northern Plains Power Technol, Brookings, SD 57006 USA.
[Ellis, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Ropp, ME (reprint author), Northern Plains Power Technol, Brookings, SD 57006 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 748
EP 752
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801007
ER
PT J
AU Anctil, A
Fthenakis, V
AF Anctil, Annick
Fthenakis, Vasilis
GP IEEE
TI Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Energy Payback of Large Photovoltaic
Power Plants in the Northeast United States
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE greenhouse gases emissions; life cycle assessment; solar farm
ID INSTALLATION
AB The majority of large-scale solar farms have so far been constructed in the Southwest of the United States due to the intense insolation there. However, the high cost of electricity and the desire to increase the portion of renewables in the electric supply have generated interest in developing large-area plants in other areas. The environmental impact of building such large-scale solar farms in the northern United States has not yet been evaluated; we do so in this paper. This work discusses the life-cycle environmental impact from constructing and operating a 37-MWp solar-photovoltaic power-plant on the forested campus of Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York. We use the results from our assessments of its life-cycle emissions of greenhouse gases are then compared with those generated by similar plants in other regions to assess the net impacts of photovoltaics' life cycles in areas where trees are removed to accommodate the power plant.
C1 [Anctil, Annick; Fthenakis, Vasilis] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Anctil, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 753
EP 756
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801008
ER
PT J
AU Drury, E
Brinkman, G
Denholm, P
Margolis, R
Mowers, M
AF Drury, Easan
Brinkman, Greg
Denholm, Paul
Margolis, Robert
Mowers, Matthew
GP IEEE
TI Exploring Large-Scale Solar Deployment in DOE's SunShot Vision Study
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Solar power generation; Wind power generation; Power industry; Power
systems
AB Large-scale solar deployment is sensitive to several factors including future solar technology price and performance, electricity demand, and the challenges and benefits of integrating solar generation resources. The SunShot Initiative was launched by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2011 aimed at reducing the cost of solar electricity by about 75% from 2010 to 2020, whereby solar energy could compete with conventional electricity sources without subsidies. DOE conducted the SunShot Vision Study to evaluate the potential impacts of achieving these price and performance improvements, and the underlying modeling analysis suggests that solar energy could satisfy roughly 14% of U. S. electricity demand by 2030 and 27% by 2050. This growth of solar electricity could decrease electric sector carbon emissions by 28% and decrease retail electricity rates by 7% in the year 2050, relative to a reference scenario.
C1 [Drury, Easan; Brinkman, Greg; Denholm, Paul; Margolis, Robert; Mowers, Matthew] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Drury, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 763
EP 768
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801010
ER
PT J
AU Emery, K
AF Emery, Keith
GP IEEE
TI Calibration and Rating of Photovoltaics
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE calibration; reference cell; peak watt; rating; Si wafer
ID CELLS
AB Rating the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules is critical to determining the cost per watt, and efficiency is useful to assess the relative progress among PV concepts. Procedures for determining the efficiency for PV technologies from 1-sun to low concentration to high concentration are discussed. We also discuss the state of the art in primary and secondary calibration of PV reference cells used by calibration laboratories around the world. Finally, we consider challenges to rating PV technologies and areas for improvement.
C1 NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Emery, K (reprint author), NREL, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 36
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 769
EP 774
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801011
ER
PT J
AU Cruz-Campa, JL
Zubia, D
Zhou, XW
Aguirre, BA
Ward, D
Sanchez, CA
Chavez, JJ
Anwar, F
Marrufo, D
Ordonez, R
Lu, P
Rye, MJ
Michael, J
McClure, JC
Nielson, GN
AF Cruz-Campa, Jose L.
Zubia, David
Zhou, Xiaowang
Aguirre, Brandon A.
Ward, Donald
Sanchez, Carlos A.
Chavez, Jose J.
Anwar, Farhana
Marrufo, Damian
Ordonez, Rafael
Lu, Ping
Rye, Michael J.
Michael, Joseph
McClure, John C.
Nielson, Gregory N.
GP IEEE
TI Nanopatterning and Bandgap Grading to Reduce Defects in CdTe Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Cadmium compounds; Photovoltaic cells; Semiconductor nanostructures;
II-VI semiconductor materials; Computational modeling
AB We present simulation and experimental results proving the feasibility of a novel concept to increase efficiency of CdTe based solar cells. In order to achieve $0.50/W price in CdTe based modules, higher efficiencies need to be attained. The high defect density due to lattice-mismatch between CdS and CdTe reduces lifetime, voltage, and efficiency of the cells. We propose the use of a graded composition structure and a patterned substrate to reduce defects, increase lifetime, and efficiency of the cells. Innovative simulations using high-fidelity molecular dynamics predict that defect-free films are possible if the CdTe film is graded with Zn and is constructed as nano-islands with sizes below 90 nm. Both graded structure and nano-islands reduce the lattice-mismatch stresses. Also, the graded composition creates a back surface field and an enhanced ohmic contact. We have attempted to grow ZnTe and CdTe films on CdS substrates using a template of micro and nano-islands. Selective growths on patterned substrates have shown fewer grain boundaries when the island size decreases below 300 nm. Also, larger grain sizes were obtained using a CdTe/ZnTe stack when compared to a single layer CdTe. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate for the first time the ability to use nanopatterned substrates to enhance uniformity in thin film solar cells.
C1 [Cruz-Campa, Jose L.; Sanchez, Carlos A.; Lu, Ping; Rye, Michael J.; Michael, Joseph; Nielson, Gregory N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
[Zubia, David; Aguirre, Brandon A.; Chavez, Jose J.; Anwar, Farhana; Marrufo, Damian; Ordonez, Rafael; McClure, John C.] Univ Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 USA.
[Zhou, Xiaowang; Ward, Donald] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Cruz-Campa, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
FU Lockheed Martin Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Institute of
Nano Engineering (NINE)
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was
sponsored by the National Institute of Nano Engineering (NINE).
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 12
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 838
EP 842
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801028
ER
PT J
AU Kanevce, A
Kuciauskas, D
Gessert, TA
Levi, DH
Albin, DS
AF Kanevce, Ana
Kuciauskas, Darius
Gessert, Timothy A.
Levi, Dean H.
Albin, David S.
GP IEEE
TI Impact of Interface Recombination on Time Resolved Photoluminescence
(TRPL) Decays in CdTe solar cells (Numerical Simulation Analysis)
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE carrier lifetime; CdTe; interface recombination; numerical simulations
AB Using Sentaurus Device Software, we analyze how bulk and interface recombination affect time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) decays in CdTe solar cells. This modeling analysis could improve the interpretation of TRPL data and increase the possibility of rapid defect characterization in thin-film solar cells.
By illuminating the samples with photons of two different wavelengths, we try to deduce the spatial origin of the dominant recombination loss. Shorter-wavelength photons will be more affected by the interface recombination and drift compared to the longer ones. Using the two-wavelength TRPL characterization method, it may be possible to determine whether a specific change in deposition process has affected the properties of interface or the bulk of the absorber.
C1 [Kanevce, Ana; Kuciauskas, Darius; Gessert, Timothy A.; Levi, Dean H.; Albin, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Kanevce, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 6
U2 16
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 848
EP 853
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801030
ER
PT J
AU Cruz-Campa, JL
Nielson, GN
Lentine, AL
Filatov, AA
Resnick, PJ
Sanchez, CA
Rowen, AM
Okandan, M
Gupta, VP
Nelson, JS
AF Cruz-Campa, Jose L.
Nielson, Gregory N.
Lentine, Anthony L.
Filatov, Anton A.
Resnick, Paul J.
Sanchez, Carlos A.
Rowen, Adam M.
Okandan, Murat
Gupta, Vipin P.
Nelson, Jeffrey S.
GP IEEE
TI Fabrication of Lattice Mismatched Multijunction Photovoltaic Cells Using
3D Integration Concepts
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Silicon devices; photovoltaic cells; solar energy; photovoltaic cells;
Microstructure; III-V semiconductor materials
ID SOLAR-CELL; HIGH-EFFICIENCY
AB We present the experimental procedure to create lattice mismatched multijunction photovoltaic (PV) cells using 3D integration concepts. Lattice mismatched multijunction photovoltaic (PV) cells with decoupled electrical outputs could achieve higher efficiencies than current-matched monolithic devices. Growing lattice mismatched materials as a monolithic structure generates defects and decreases performance. We propose using methods from the integrated circuits and microsystems arena to produce the PV cell. The fabricated device consists of an ultrathin (6 mu m) series connected InGaP/GaAs PV cell mechanically stacked on top of an electrically independent silicon cell. The InGaP/GaAs PV cell was processed to produce a small cell (750 mu m) with back-contacts where all of the contacts sit at the same level. The dual junction and the silicon (c-Si) cell are electrically decoupled and the power from both cells is accessible through pads on the c-Si PV cell. Through this approach, we were able to fabricate a functional double junction PV cell mechanically attached to a c-Si PV cell with independent connections.
C1 [Cruz-Campa, Jose L.; Nielson, Gregory N.; Lentine, Anthony L.; Filatov, Anton A.; Resnick, Paul J.; Sanchez, Carlos A.; Rowen, Adam M.; Okandan, Murat; Gupta, Vipin P.; Nelson, Jeffrey S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Cruz-Campa, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 932
EP 936
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801049
ER
PT J
AU Lin, CT
McMahon, WE
Ward, JS
Geisz, JF
Wanlass, MW
Carapella, JJ
Olavarria, W
Young, M
Steiner, MA
Frances, RM
Kibbler, AE
Duda, A
Olson, JM
Perl, EE
Friedman, DJ
Bowers, JE
AF Lin, Chieh-Ting
McMahon, W. E.
Ward, J. S.
Geisz, J. F.
Wanlass, M. W.
Carapella, J. J.
Olavarria, W.
Young, M.
Steiner, M. A.
Frances, R. M.
Kibbler, A. E.
Duda, A.
Olson, J. M.
Perl, E. E.
Friedman, D. J.
Bowers, J. E.
GP IEEE
TI Fabrication of Two-Terminal Metal-Interconnected Multijunction III-V
Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE III-V multijunction solar cell; device bonding
AB A novel approach has been developed to enable the creation of a fully lattice-matched two-terminal four-junction III-V solar cell is which an upper 1.85 eV GaInP/ 1.42 eV GaAs two-junction (2J) tandem cell is bonded to a lower Eg3 eV GaInAsP/ 0.74 GaInAs eV 2J tandem cell. In this configuration, the upper tandem is grown inverted and lattice-matched to a GaAs substrate, and the lower tandem is grown upright and lattice-matched to an InP substrate. Prove of concept devices have been fabricated using Au-Au bonding with either SiO2 or GaInP2 as a filler material. The bonding process is discussed in this paper as well as the result of an inverted GaAs cell bonded on a conducting GaAs wafer. The most complex device fabricated to date is a GaInP/GaAs 2J tandem cell bonded to a GaInAs cell using a GaInP2 optical coupling layer, with a post-bonding V-oc of 2.7 eV.
C1 [Lin, Chieh-Ting; Perl, E. E.; Bowers, J. E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[McMahon, W. E.; Ward, J. S.; Geisz, J. F.; Wanlass, M. W.; Carapella, J. J.; Olavarria, W.; Young, M.; Steiner, M. A.; Frances, R. M.; Kibbler, A. E.; Duda, A.; Olson, J. M.; Friedman, D. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Lin, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RI Bowers, John/B-3486-2012
OI Bowers, John/0000-0003-4270-8296
FU Center for Energy Efficient Materials (CEEM), an Energy Frontier
Research Center (EFRC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001009]; University of
California, Santa Barbara Nanofabrication Facility; National Science
Fundation and the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network
(NNIN); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
[DGE-1144085]
FX This material is based upon work supported as part of the Center for
Energy Efficient Materials (CEEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center
(EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001009. Part of
this work is done in University of California, Santa Barbara
Nanofabrication Facility, supported by the National Science Fundation
and the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network (NNIN). E.E.
Perl is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research
Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144085.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 944
EP 948
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801052
ER
PT J
AU Ai, YM
Yuan, HC
Page, M
Nemeth, W
Roybal, L
Gedvilas, L
Wang, Q
AF Ai, Yuming
Yuan, Hao-Chih
Page, Matthew
Nemeth, William
Roybal, Lorenzo
Gedvilas, Lynn
Wang, Qi
GP IEEE
TI Process Optimization for High Efficiency Heterojunction c-Si Solar Cells
Fabrication Using Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE passivation; c-Si; heterojunction a-Si:H; carrier lifetime
AB The researchers extensively studied the effects of annealing or thermal history of cell process on the minority carrier lifetimes of FZ n-type c-Si wafers with various i-layer thicknesses from 5 to 60 nm, substrate temperatures from 100 to 350 degrees C, doped layers both p-and n-types, and transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HW-CVD) was used to achieve high lifetime, high open circuit voltage (V-oc), and high efficiency in crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction (HJ) solar cells. The minority carrier lifetime with i-layer passivation in as-grown state was found to peak at 200 degrees C substrate temperature. Annealing c-Si with as-grown layers affects the lifetime significantly. The optimized annealing temperature is from 250-350 degrees C. It was also found that the lifetime of c-Si wafers with a very thin i/p passivation decreases significantly when annealed at temperatures higher than 250 degrees C. However, the lifetime of the i/p passivated c-Si wafers is not affected by the p-layer even when the i-layer is as thin as 10 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to understand the annealing effect. For the c-Si wafers with i/n passivation, the minority carrier lifetime is usually longer than 2 ms and slightly improved by annealing. Minority carrier lifetime greater than 1 ms in a double side HJ structure with i/n and i/p layers can be achieved by controlling thermal history of the cell process. HJ cells were fabricated with an efficiency >18% on n-type wafers without texturing, and an efficiency of 19.2% with texturing.
C1 [Ai, Yuming; Yuan, Hao-Chih; Page, Matthew; Nemeth, William; Roybal, Lorenzo; Gedvilas, Lynn; Wang, Qi] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Ai, YM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 9
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 988
EP 991
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801062
ER
PT J
AU Lee, BG
Skarp, J
Malinen, V
Li, S
Choi, S
Branz, HM
AF Lee, Benjamin G.
Skarp, Jarmo
Malinen, Ville
Li, Shuo
Choi, Sukgeun
Branz, Howard M.
GP IEEE
TI Excellent Passivation and Low Reflectivity Al2O3/TiO2 Bilayer Coatings
for n-Wafer Silicon Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE passivation; anti-reflection; n-wafer silicon; minority carrier
lifetime; atomic layer deposition
AB A bilayer coating of Al2O3 and TiO2 is used to simultaneously achieve excellent passivation and low reflectivity on p-type silicon. This coating is targeted for achieving high efficiency n-wafer Si solar cells, where both passivation and antireflection (AR) are needed at the front-side p-type emitter. It could also be valuable for front-side passivation and AR of rearemitter and interdigitated back contact p-wafer cells. We achieve high minority carrier lifetimes similar to 1 ms, as well as a nearly 2% decrease in absolute reflectivity, as compared to a standard silicon nitride AR coating.
C1 [Lee, Benjamin G.; Choi, Sukgeun; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Skarp, Jarmo; Malinen, Ville; Li, Shuo] Beneq Oy, Vantaa 01510, Finland.
RP Lee, BG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge H.-C. Yuan and Y. Ai of NREL for help
in sample preparation. NREL work is supported by the U.S. DOE under
Contract DE-AC36- 08GO28308
NR 6
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1066
EP 1068
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801081
ER
PT J
AU Sopori, B
Basnyat, P
Devayajanam, S
Shet, S
Mehta, V
Binns, J
Appel, J
AF Sopori, Bhushan
Basnyat, Prakash
Devayajanam, Srinivas
Shet, Sudhakar
Mehta, Vishal
Binns, Jeff
Appel, Jesse
GP IEEE
TI Understanding Light-Induced Degradation of c-Si Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE crystalline silicon; solar cells; light-induced degradation;
minority-carrier lifetime; surface; bulk; annealing
ID CRYSTALLINE SILICON
AB We discuss results of our investigations toward understanding bulk and surface components of light-induced degradation (LID) in low-Fe c-Si solar cells. The bulk effects, arising from boron-oxygen defects, are determined by comparing degradation of cell parameters and their thermal recovery, with that of the minority-carrier lifetime (tau) in sister wafers. We found that the recovery of t in wafers takes a much longer annealing time compared to that of the cell. We also show that cells having SiN:H coating experience a surface degradation (ascribed to surface recombination). The surface LID is seen as an increase in the q/2kT component of the dark saturation current (J(02)). The surface LID does not recover fully upon annealing and is attributed to degradation of the SiN:H-Si interface. This behavior is also exhibited by mc-Si cells that have very low oxygen content and do not show any bulk degradation.
C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Basnyat, Prakash; Devayajanam, Srinivas; Shet, Sudhakar; Mehta, Vishal] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Basnyat, Prakash; Devayajanam, Srinivas; Shet, Sudhakar; Mehta, Vishal] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ USA.
[Binns, Jeff] MEMC Elect Mat, Portland, OR USA.
[Appel, Jesse] MEMC Elect Mat, St Peter, MN USA.
RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; NREL
FX his work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with NREL
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1115
EP 1120
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801092
ER
PT J
AU Wang, WT
Wang, L
Liu, FD
Yan, F
Johnston, S
Al-Jassim, M
AF Wang, Wentao
Wang, Lei
Liu, Fude
Yan, Fei
Johnston, Steve
Al-Jassim, Mowafak
GP IEEE
TI Silicon Grain Boundary Passivation for Photovoltaics: A Novel Approach
with Small Polar Molecules
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE grain boundaries; passivation; photovoltaic cells; silicon
ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN PASSIVATION; SOLAR-CELLS; PHASE; WATER
AB Grain boundaries (GBs) play a major role in determining the device performance of in particular polycrystalline thin film solar cells including Si, CdTe and CIGS. Hydrogen passivation has been traditionally applied to passivate the defects at GBs. However, hydrogenated films such as amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon (c-Si:H) are subject to light-induced degradation effects. In this study on multicrystalline (mc)-Si wafers, we found an excellent correlation between the grain misorientation and the corresponding electrical resistivity across grain boundaries. In particular, the charge transport across GBs was greatly enhanced after the wafers were properly treated in our polar molecule solutions. The results were explained to be due to the more effective charge neutralization and passivation of polar molecules on localized charges at GBs. These findings may help us achieve high-quality materials at low cost for high-efficiency solar cells by improving the carrier transport and minimizing the carrier recombination. We also believe that this study will help us with a deeper understanding on GBs and their behaviors for the applications not only in photovoltaics, but also in other solid-state devices such as thin-film transistors.
C1 [Wang, Wentao; Wang, Lei; Liu, Fude] Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
[Yan, Fei; Johnston, Steve; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Liu, FD (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
FU Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research at HKU [200910159016]; HKU
Initiative on Clean Energy Environment [HKU-ICEE]
FX The project is supported by the Seed Funding Programme for Basic
Research at HKU (Project Code 200910159016) and the HKU Initiative on
Clean Energy & Environment (HKU-ICEE) Funding
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1144
EP 1148
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801098
ER
PT J
AU Perkins, JD
Gennett, T
Grover, S
Young, DL
Ginley, DS
Teplin, CW
AF Perkins, J. D.
Gennett, T.
Grover, S.
Young, D. L.
Ginley, D. S.
Teplin, C. W.
GP IEEE
TI Amorphous InZnO Transparent Conductors for c-Si/a-Si Heterojunction PV
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE amorphous TCO; a-InZnO; IZO; photovoltaic cells; film silicon
AB Amorphous InZnO (a-IZO) thin film transparent conductors have opto-electronic properties comparable to those of indium-tin-oxide (ITO). To test the performance of a-IZO in actual devices, we fabricate epitaxial film c-Si/a-Si heterojunction solar cells on heavily doped, electronically dead silicon wafers using both a-IZO and reactive evaporated ITO as the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The best a-IZO and ITO reference solar cells have similar efficiencies, 6.2% for the a-IZO device and 6.0% with ITO.
C1 [Perkins, J. D.; Gennett, T.; Grover, S.; Young, D. L.; Ginley, D. S.; Teplin, C. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1229
EP 1231
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801118
ER
PT J
AU Kharangarh, P
Misra, D
Georgiou, GE
Delahoy, AE
Cheng, Z
Liu, G
Opyrchal, H
Gessert, T
Chin, KK
AF Kharangarh, P.
Misra, D.
Georgiou, G. E.
Delahoy, A. E.
Cheng, Z.
Liu, G.
Opyrchal, H.
Gessert, T.
Chin, K. K.
GP IEEE
TI INVESTIGATION OF DEFECTS IN N+-CDS/P-CDTE SOLAR CELLS
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE CdTe solar cell; Temperature-dependent current density voltage (J-V-T)
measurements; reliability; degradation; Shockley-Read-Hall
recombination/generation (SRH R-G)
ID DIFFUSION; CU
AB Two sets of samples (CdTe solar cells) were investigated at -1V within a temperature range of 300K-393K. We discuss Shockley-Read-Hall recombination /generation (SRH R-G) as applied to CdTe and the assumptions used to yield trap energy levels in CdTe. Observed activation energies of the J-V characterization made with Cu-containing back contact in one sample shows one slope while in another sample shows two distinct slopes in Arrhenius plot of In (J(0)T(-2)) vs. 1000/T. Using published identification of the physical trap with energy level, we conclude that one sample does not have hole traps while the other cell shows deep levels corresponding to substitutional impurities of Cu and positive interstitial Cu-i(2+) .
C1 [Kharangarh, P.; Georgiou, G. E.; Delahoy, A. E.; Cheng, Z.; Liu, G.; Opyrchal, H.; Chin, K. K.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
[Misra, D.] Univ Hts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
[Gessert, T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Kharangarh, P (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
FU Apollo Solar Energy, based in Chengdu, People's Republic of China
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Apollo Solar
Energy, based in Chengdu, People's Republic of China. The authors
finally thank to Srinivas and Bhajan Lal for useful discussions.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1286
EP 1290
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801131
ER
PT J
AU Moriarty, T
Jablonski, J
Emery, K
AF Moriarty, Tom
Jablonski, Joe
Emery, Keith
GP IEEE
TI Algorithm for Building a Spectrum for NREL's One-Sun Multi-Source
Simulator
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE calibration; multijunction; solar simulation; multisource simulator;
spectral mismatch
AB Historically, the tools used at NREL to compensate for the difference between a reference spectrum and a simulator spectrum have been well-matched reference cells and the application of a calculated spectral mismatch correction factor, M. This paper describes the algorithm for adjusting the spectrum of a 9-channel fiber-optic-based solar simulator with a uniform beam size of 9 cm square at 1-sun. The combination of this algorithm and the One-Sun Multi-Source Simulator (OSMSS) hardware reduces NREL's current vs. voltage measurement time for a typical three-junction device from man-days to man-minutes. These time savings may be significantly greater for devices with more junctions.
C1 [Moriarty, Tom; Emery, Keith] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Jablonski, Joe] Labsphere, North Sutton, NH 03260 USA.
RP Moriarty, T (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
The use of the 6 junction cell provided by Solar Junction is
acknowledged. The 3 junction inverted metamorphic cell was fabricated at
NREL by the IIIV team.
NR 3
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 2
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1291
EP 1295
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801132
ER
PT J
AU Toberer, ES
Tamboli, AC
Steiner, M
Kurtz, S
AF Toberer, Eric S.
Tamboli, Adele C.
Steiner, Myles
Kurtz, Sarah
GP IEEE
TI Analysis of solar cell quality using voltage metrics
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE detailed balance; performance; photovoltaic cells; recombination;
voltage metric
ID EFFICIENCY
AB The highest efficiency solar cells provide both excellent voltage and current. Of these, the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) is more frequently viewed as an indicator of the material quality. However, since the V-oc also depends on the band gap of the material, the difference between the band gap and the V-oc is a better metric for comparing material quality of unlike materials. To take this one step further, since V-oc also depends on the shape of the absorption edge, we propose to use the ultimate metric: the difference between the measured V-oc and the V-oc calculated from the external quantum efficiency using a detailed balance approach. This metric is less sensitive to changes in cell design and definition of band gap. The paper defines how to implement this metric and demonstrates how it can be useful in tracking improvements in V-oc, especially as V-oc approaches its theoretical maximum.
C1 [Toberer, Eric S.; Tamboli, Adele C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Steiner, Myles; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Toberer, ES (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1327
EP 1331
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801139
ER
PT J
AU Gonzalez, S
Hoffmann, F
Mills-Price, M
Ralph, M
Ellis, A
AF Gonzalez, Sigifredo
Hoffmann, Frank
Mills-Price, Michael
Ralph, Mark
Ellis, Abraham
GP IEEE
TI Implementation of Advanced Inverter Interoperability and Functionality
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
AB The high penetration of utility-interconnected Photovoltaic (PV) systems requires nontraditional and seemingly noncompliant modes of operation as a method to accommodate the high level of distributed generation at the distribution level. The normal operation of utility-interconnected PV systems is governed by IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems and provides relevant requirements for performance, modes of operation, safety, and maintenance considerations. A recommended practice that provides flexibility of the existing interconnection standard by expanding the implementation requirements for utility interconnection is currently being addressed in IEEE 1547.8. The proposed recommended practice establishes methods and procedures for the expanded use of the governing utility-interconnected standard and is intended to address the increasing implementation of a varying resource. This recommended practice is designed for the implementation of advanced smart-grid functionality and allows the continued operation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) during abnormal voltage and frequency conditions. The distributed resource smart-grid functionality is described in IEC61850-7-420, Advanced Functions for DER Inverters Modeled in IEC 61850-90-7. This report describes the implementation of advanced functionality and successful criteria to assess proper operations of the "smart inverter" under communication driven control.
C1 [Gonzalez, Sigifredo; Ralph, Mark; Ellis, Abraham] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Hoffmann, Frank] Princeton Power Syst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Mills-Price, Michael] Adv Energy Ind, Bend, OR 97701 USA.
RP Gonzalez, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04 94AL85000]; US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies
Program; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA); EPRI
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04 94AL85000. This work was
funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program
and performed as part of a Cooperative Research and Development
Agreement (CRADA) with EPRI.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1362
EP 1367
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801147
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, J
Kang, J
AF Johnson, Jay
Kang, Jack
GP IEEE
TI Arc-Fault Detector Algorithm Evaluation Method Utilizing Prerecorded
Arcing Signatures
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic systems; arc-fault detection; series arc-faults;
monitoring; power system safety
AB The 2011 National Electrical Code (R) Article 690.1 requires photovoltaic systems on or penetrating a building to Include a DC arc-fault protection device. In order to satisfy this requirement, new Arc-Fault Detectors (AFDs) are being developed by multiple manufacturers including Sensata Technologies. Arc-fault detection algorithms often utilize the AC noise on the PV string to determine when arcing conditions exist in the DC system. In order to accelerate the development and testing of Sensata Technologies' arc-fault detection algorithm, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) provided a number of data sets. These prerecorded 10 MHz baseline and arc-fault data sets included different inverter and arc-fault noise signatures. Sensata Technologies created a data evaluation method focused on regeneration of the prerecorded arcing and baseline test data with an arbitrary function generator, thereby reducing AFD development time.
C1 [Johnson, Jay] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Kang, Jack] Sensata Technol, Attleboro, MA 02703 USA.
RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04 94AL85000]; US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies
Program
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04 94AL85000. Part of this
work was funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies
Program.
NR 4
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1378
EP 1382
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801150
ER
PT J
AU Johnson, J
Oberhauser, C
Montoya, M
Fresquez, A
Gonzalez, S
Patel, A
AF Johnson, Jay
Oberhauser, Chris
Montoya, Michael
Fresquez, Armando
Gonzalez, Sigifredo
Patel, Ash
GP IEEE
TI Crosstalk Nuisance Trip Testing of Photo voltaic DC Arc-Fault Detectors
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic systems; arc-fault detection; series arc-faults;
monitoring; power system safety; RF coupling
AB To improve fire safety in PV systems, Article 690.11 of the 2011 National Electrical Code (NEC) requires photovoltaic (PV) systems above 80 V on or penetrating a building to include a listed arc-fault protection device. Many arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) devices are currently being listed and entering the market. Depending on the manufacturer, AFCIs are being deployed at the module-level, string-level, or array-level. Each arc-fault protection scheme has a different cost and arc-fault isolation capability. Module-level and string-level AFCI devices tout the ability to isolate the fault, identify the failed PV component, and minimize the power loss by selectively de-energizing a portion of the array. However, these benefits are negated if the arcing noise-typically used for arc-fault detection-propagates to parallel, unfaulted strings and cause additional AFCI devices on the PV array to trip. If the arcing signature "crosstalks" from the string with the arc-fault via conduction or RF electromagnetic coupling, the location of the arc-fault cannot be easily determined and safe PV generators will be disconnected. Sandia National Laboratories collaborated with Texas Instruments to perform a series of nuisance trip scenarios with different PV configurations. Experimental results on a 2-string array showed arc detection on the faulted string occurred an average of 19.5 ms before unfaulted string-but in some cases the AFCI on both strings would trip.
C1 [Johnson, Jay; Montoya, Michael; Fresquez, Armando; Gonzalez, Sigifredo] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Oberhauser, Chris; Patel, Ash] Texas Instruments Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA.
RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC0494AL85000]; US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies
Program
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was
funded by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1383
EP 1387
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801151
ER
PT J
AU MacAlpine, S
Deline, C
Erickson, R
Brandemuehl, M
AF MacAlpine, Sara
Deline, Chris
Erickson, Robert
Brandemuehl, Michael
GP IEEE
TI Module Mismatch Loss and Recoverable Power in Unshaded PV Installations
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE modeling; photovoltaic systems; power conversion; solar energy
AB Distributed electronics which optimize power in PV systems have the potential to improve energy production even under unshaded conditions. This work investigates the extent to which mismatch in the unshaded electrical characteristics of PV panels causes system-level power losses, which can be recovered in arrays employing power optimizers. Of particular interest is how this potential for power recovery is affected by factors such as available light, cell temperature, panel technology, and field degradation.
A system for simultaneous collection of panel-level I-V curves over an entire array is designed. This system is used to acquire high and low light module performance data for a variety of arrays at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) test facility. The measured data show moderately low variation in module maximum power and maximum power producing current in all of the arrays. As a group, the tested arrays do not show any strong correlations between this variation and array age, technology type, or operating conditions.
The measured data are used to create individual panel performance models for high and low light conditions. These models are then incorporated in annual hourly energy simulations for each array. Annual mismatch loss (and thus potential for increased energy capture using power optimizers) is found to be minimal, <1% for all of the sampled arrays. Due to the nature of the tested arrays, these results may or may not be indicative of typical PV array behavior; further investigation is planned over a larger group of PV installations to determine the general applicability of this study's results.
C1 [MacAlpine, Sara; Erickson, Robert; Brandemuehl, Michael] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Deline, Chris] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP MacAlpine, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Deline, Christopher/K-5998-2013
OI Deline, Christopher/0000-0002-9867-8930
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1388
EP 1392
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801152
ER
PT J
AU Johnston, S
AF Johnston, Steve
GP IEEE
TI Output Performance and Payback Analysis of a Residential Photovoltaic
System in Colorado
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic cells; silicon
AB Cost of installation and ownership of a 9.66-kilowatt ( kW) residential photovoltaic system is described, and the performance of this system over the past 3 years is shown. The system is located in Colorado at 40 latitude and consists of arrays on two structures. Two arrays are installed on a detached garage, and these are each composed of 18 Kyocera 130-W modules strung in series facing south at an angle of 40 degrees above horizontal. Each 18-panel array feeds into a Xantrex/Schneider Electric 2.8-kW inverter. The other two arrays are installed on the house and face south at an angle of 30 degrees. One of these arrays has twelve 205-W Kyocera panels in series, and the other is made up of twelve 210-Kyocera panels. Each of these arrays feeds into Xantrex/Schneider Electric 3.3-kW inverters. Although there are various shading issues from trees and utility poles and lines, the overall output resembles that which is expected from PVWatts, a solar estimate program. The array cost, which was offset by rebates from the utility company and federal tax credits, was $1.17 per watt. Considering measured system performance, the estimated payback time of the system is 9 years.
C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1452
EP 1455
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801164
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, CS
Contreras, MA
Repins, I
Moutinho, HR
Noufi, R
Al-Jassim, MM
AF Jiang, C. -S.
Contreras, M. A.
Repins, I.
Moutinho, H. R.
Noufi, R.
Al-Jassim, M. M.
GP IEEE
TI Determination of Grain Boundary Charging in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin Films
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE CIGS; grain boundary; surface potential scanning Kelvin probe force
microscopy; scanning capacitance microscopy
ID PROBE FORCE MICROSCOPY; SOLAR-CELLS; POLYCRYSTALLINE; NA
AB Surface potential mapping of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGS) thin films using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) aims to understand the minority-carrier recombination at the grain boundaries (GBs) of this polycrystalline material by examining GB charging, which has resulted in a number of publications. However, the reported results are highly inconsistent. In this paper, we report on the potential mapping by measuring wide-bandgap or high-Ga-content films and by using a complementary atomic force microscopy-based electrical technique of scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The results demonstrate consistent, positively charged GBs on our high-quality films with minimal surface defects/charges. The potential image taken on a low-quality film with a 1.2-eV bandgap shows significantly degraded potential contrast on the GBs and degraded potential uniformity on grain surfaces, resulting from the surface defects/charges of the low-quality film. In contrast, the potential image on an improved high-quality film with the same wide bandgap shows significantly improved GB potential contrast and surface potential uniformity, indicating that the effect of surface defects is critical when examining GB charging using surface potential data. In addition, we discuss the effect of the SKPFM setup on the validity of potential measurement, to exclude possible artifacts due to improper SKPFM setups. The SKPFM results were corroborated by using SCM measurements on the films with a CdS buffer layer. The SCM image shows clear GB contrast, indicating different electrical impedance on the GB from the grain surface. Further, we found that the GB contrast disappeared when the CdS window layer was deposited after the CIGS film was exposed extensively to ambient, which was caused by the creation of CIGS surface defects by the ambient exposure.
C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Contreras, M. A.; Repins, I.; Moutinho, H. R.; Noufi, R.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1486
EP 1491
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801171
ER
PT J
AU Gorman, BP
Guthrey, HL
Al-Jassim, MM
AF Gorman, Brian P.
Guthrey, Harvey L.
Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.
GP IEEE
TI Quantification of Atomic Scale Defects in Poly Si PV Devices Using Atom
Probe Tomography
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic cells; silicon; atom probe tomography; electron beam
induced current
AB Characterization of defect locations and their effects on transport in polycrystalline Si photovoltaics is readily accomplished using optical and electrical characterization. Information on the elemental nature of these defects is more difficult due to both the low concentrations and highly localized positions. This work demonstrates the ability to locate and elementally analyze electronic defects in these devices using correlative electron microscopy and spectroscopy within a focused ion beam specimen preparation tool followed by 3-D atom probe tomography.
C1 [Gorman, Brian P.; Guthrey, Harvey L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Guthrey, Harvey L.; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Gorman, BP (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU National Science Foundation [1040456]
FX Support for the APT instrumentation from the National Science Foundation
under grant #1040456 is gratefully acknowledged
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1498
EP 1500
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801174
ER
PT J
AU Ellis, A
Schoenwald, D
Hawkins, J
Willard, S
Arellano, B
AF Ellis, Abraham
Schoenwald, David
Hawkins, Jon
Willard, Steve
Arellano, Brian
GP IEEE
TI PV Output Smoothing with Energy Storage
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE energy storage systems; renewables power output smoothing;
photovoltaics; power output variability
AB This paper describes a simple algorithm designed to reduce the variability of photovoltaic (PV) power output by using an energy storage device. A full-scale implementation was deployed in an actual PV-Energy demonstration project, in partnership with a utility and a battery manufacturer. The paper describes simulation tests as well as field results. In addition to demonstrating implementation of smoothing controls, this work also served to verify the models, identify best parameter sets for utility operations, and study the operation of an advanced energy storage system under partial state of charge and rapid, irregular charge/discharge cycling.
C1 [Ellis, Abraham; Schoenwald, David] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Hawkins, Jon; Willard, Steve; Arellano, Brian] Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA.
RP Ellis, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU DOE Smart Grid Demonstration [DE-FOA-0000036]; US Department of Energy
Solar Energy Technologies Program; United States Department of Energy
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The demonstration project is being conducted with support from DOE Smart
Grid Demonstration Grant in Energy Storage (DE-FOA-0000036), a
collaborative effort that involves PNM, EPRI, East Penn Manufacturing
Co., Northern New Mexico College, Sandia National Laboratories and the
University of New Mexico. The Sandia portion of this work was supported
in part by the US Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies
Program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi program laboratory
operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the
United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1523
EP 1528
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801179
ER
PT J
AU Riley, D
Johnson, J
AF Riley, Daniel
Johnson, Jay
GP IEEE
TI Photovoltaic Prognostics and Heath Management using Learning Algorithms
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
ID SYSTEM
AB A novel model-based prognostics and health management (PHM) system has been designed to monitor the health of a photovoltaic (PV) system, measure degradation, and indicate maintenance schedules. Current state-of-the-art PV monitoring systems require module and array topology details or extensive modeling of the PV system. We present a method using an artificial neural network (ANN) which eliminates the need for a priori information by teaching the algorithm "good" performance behavior based on the initial performance of the array. The PHM algorithm was tested on two PV systems under test at the Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The PHM algorithm was trained using two months of AC power production. The model then predicted the output power of the system using irradiance, wind, and temperature data. Based on the deviation in measured AC power from the AC power predicted by the trained ANN model, system outages and other faults causing a reduction in power were detected. Had these been commercial installations, rather than research installations, an alert for maintenance could have been initiated. Further use of the PHM system may be able to indicate degradation, detect module or inverter failures, or detect excessive soiling.
C1 [Riley, Daniel; Johnson, Jay] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Riley, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 14
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1535
EP 1539
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801181
ER
PT J
AU Yablonovitch, E
Miller, OD
Kurtz, SR
AF Yablonovitch, Eli
Miller, Owen D.
Kurtz, S. R.
GP IEEE
TI The Opto-Electronic Physics that Broke the Efficiency Limit in Solar
Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaics; high efficiency; Shockley-Queisser; external
luminescence; open-circuit voltage
AB The internal physics of a solar cell changes as it approaches the fundamental Shockley-Queisser limit. Photonic considerations overtake electronic ones, as an intense internal and external luminescence requires careful photon management. Counter-intuitively, maximizing light extraction increases voltage and therefore efficiency. Until 2010 the one-sun, single-junction efficiency record was set by a GaAs solar cell with an efficiency of 26.4% and an open-circuit voltage V-OC = 1.03 V. Alta Devices recently improved the record with a GaAs cell that achieved 28.8% efficiency and V-OC=1.12V, demonstrating the importance of photon management. Even with the best materials, the highest efficiencies cannot be achieved unless the solar cell is also designed to also be a good light emitting diode (LED). The physics of light extraction will be necessary in the next generation of high-efficiency solar cells.
C1 [Yablonovitch, Eli; Miller, Owen D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Yablonovitch, Eli; Miller, Owen D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kurtz, S. R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Yablonovitch, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Miller, Owen/A-6354-2014
OI Miller, Owen/0000-0003-2745-2392
NR 11
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 25
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1556
EP 1559
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801185
ER
PT J
AU Tian, ZB
Hinkey, RT
Yang, RQ
Klem, JF
Johnson, MB
AF Tian, Zhaobing
Hinkey, Robert T.
Yang, Rui Q.
Klem, John F.
Johnson, Matthew B.
GP IEEE
TI Mid-IR Photovoltaic Devices Based on Interband Cascade Structures
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE thermophotovoltaics; GaSb; III-V semiconductors; carrier lifetime
ID SOLAR-CELL; EFFICIENCY; CONVERSION; SYSTEMS; LIMIT
AB Progress in the design and implementation of interband cascade (IC) structures for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications is reported. These devices were designed with enhanced electron barriers and p-type InAs/GaSb superlattice absorbers. These features have been shown to be successful in suppressing dark current in photodetectors. Our seven stage devices had cutoff wavelengths of 4.0 mu m at 80 K and 5.0 mu m at 300 K. Good photoresponse and dark current suppression was observed at low temperatures. Under illumination of a 1200 K blackbody, a short-circuit current of 5.46 A/cm(2) and open-circuit voltage of 1.61 V were observed for a device temperature of 80 K. Above 80 K, we were able to observe high values of the open circuit voltage up to 180 K.
C1 [Tian, Zhaobing; Hinkey, Robert T.; Yang, Rui Q.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Klem, John F.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Klem, John F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Tian, ZB (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
FU DoE EPSCoR program [DE-SC0004523]; C-SPIN; Okahoma/Arkansas MRSEC
[DMR-0520550]; Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program
laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation; wholly owned
subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's
National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This work is supported in part by DoE EPSCoR program (Award No.
DE-SC0004523), and by C-SPIN, the Okahoma/Arkansas MRSEC (DMR-0520550),
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1560
EP 1565
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801186
ER
PT J
AU Ganapati, V
Miller, OD
Yablonovitch, E
AF Ganapati, Vidya
Miller, Owen D.
Yablonovitch, Eli
GP IEEE
TI Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in the Optimization of Subwavelength Solar
Cell Textures for Light Trapping
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE light trapping; photovoltaics; solar cells; subwavelength; surface
texture; absorptivity
ID LIMIT; DESIGN
AB Light trapping in solar cells allows for increased efficiency and reduced materials cost. It is well known that a 4n(2) factor of enhancement in absorption can be achieved by randomly texturing the surface of the solar cell, where n is the refractive index of the material. However, this limit only holds when the thickness of the solar cell is much greater than the wavelength of light. In the subwavelength regime, the fundamental question remains unanswered: what surface texture realizes the optimal absorption enhancement? We turn to computational inverse electromagnetic design in order to find this optimal nanoscale texture for light trapping, and observe spontaneous symmetry breaking in the final design. We achieve a factor of 40 in enhancement at normal incidence and above 20 for angle-averaged incidence (averaged over an energy bandwidth of 1/8) for n = 3.5.
C1 [Ganapati, Vidya; Miller, Owen D.; Yablonovitch, Eli] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ganapati, Vidya; Miller, Owen D.; Yablonovitch, Eli] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ganapati, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Miller, Owen/A-6354-2014
OI Miller, Owen/0000-0003-2745-2392
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 'Light-Material Interactions in Energy
Conversion' Energy Frontier Research Center [DE-SC0001293]; DOE Office
of Science Graduate Fellowship Program; ORISE-ORAU [DE-AC05-06OR23100];
DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Light-Material Interactions in Energy Conversion Energy Frontier
Research Center under grant DE-SC0001293 and the DOE Office of Science
Graduate Fellowship Program, made possible in part by the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under
contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23100. This research used resources of the
National Energy Research Scientific Co mputing Center, which is
supported by the DOE Office of Science under Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1572
EP 1576
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801188
ER
PT J
AU Li, J
Glynn, S
Christensen, S
Mann, J
To, B
Ramanathan, K
Noufi, R
Furtak, TE
Levi, D
AF Li, Jian
Glynn, Stephen
Christensen, Steven
Mann, Jonathan
To, Bobby
Ramanathan, Kannan
Noufi, Rommel
Furtak, Thomas E.
Levi, Dean
GP IEEE
TI Optical Properties of Zn(O,S) Thin Films Deposited by RF Sputtering,
Atomic Layer Deposition, and Chemical Bath Deposition
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE dielectric constant; ellipsometry; nanocrystals; photovoltaic cells;
thin films; wide band gap semiconductors; Zinc compounds
AB Zn(O,S) thin films 27 - 100 nm thick were deposited on glass or Cu(InxGa1-x)Se-2/Molybdenum/glass with RF sputtering, atomic layer deposition, and chemical bath deposition. The complex dielectric functions E of these films were extracted by spectroscopic ellipsometry and transmission analyses. It is found that E varies on a large scale, indicative of significant variations in the films' chemical and physical properties, with the growth methods and deposition parameters. By fitting the E spectra based on the parabolic band approximation, the Eo critical point energies and broadening parameters were quantified to provide insights on the band gap, defect density, and phase segregation.
C1 [Li, Jian; Glynn, Stephen; Christensen, Steven; Mann, Jonathan; To, Bobby; Ramanathan, Kannan; Noufi, Rommel; Levi, Dean] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Li, Jian; Furtak, Thomas E.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Li, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; DE-AC36-08-G028308 with
NREL; Colorado School of Mines [UGA-0-41025-17]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with NREL and by the Colorado School of Mines
under Subcontract No. UGA-0-41025-17
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1580
EP 1583
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801190
ER
PT J
AU Lee, BG
Lin, YT
Sher, MJ
Mazur, E
Branz, HM
AF Lee, Benjamin G.
Lin, Yu-Ting
Sher, Meng-Ju
Mazur, Eric
Branz, Howard M.
GP IEEE
TI Light Trapping for Thin Silicon Solar Cells by Femtosecond Laser
Texturing
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE light trapping; laser texturing; epitaxial silicon; femtosecond laser;
Lambertian
ID PHOTOVOLTAICS
AB Femtosecond laser texturing is used to create nano-to micron-scale surface roughness that strongly enhances light-trapping in thin crystalline silicon solar cells. Light trapping is crucial for thin solar cells where a single light-pass through the absorber is insufficient to capture the weakly absorbed red and near-infrared photons, especially with an indirect-gap semiconductor absorber layer such as crystalline Si which is less than 20 mu m thick [1-2]. We achieve enhancement of the optical absorption from light-trapping that approaches the Yablonovitch limit [3].
C1 [Lee, Benjamin G.; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Lin, Yu-Ting; Mazur, Eric] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Sher, Meng-Ju; Mazur, Eric] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Lee, BG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; NSF [DMR- 0934480]
FX The authors acknowledge K. Bowers, J. Pineau, and T. Fanning of Ampulse
Corp. and R. Bauer and L. Roybal of NREL for help in device fabrication.
NREL work is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC36-08GO28308.
Harvard work is supported by NSF under Contract DMR- 0934480
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1606
EP 1608
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801196
ER
PT J
AU Bertoni, MI
Sarau, G
Fenning, DP
Rinio, M
Rose, V
Maser, J
Buonassisi, T
AF Bertoni, M. I.
Sarau, G.
Fenning, D. P.
Rinio, M.
Rose, V.
Maser, J.
Buonassisi, T.
GP IEEE
TI Nano-XRF and micro-Raman Studies of Metal Impurity Decoration around
Dislocations in Multicrystalline Silicon
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE dislocations; silicon solar cells; X-ray fluorescence; micro-Raman
ID SOLAR-CELLS; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFECTS
AB We push the resolution limits of synchrotron-based nano-X-ray fluorescence mapping below 100 nm to investigate the fundamental differences between benign and deleterious dislocations in multicystalline silicon solar cells. We observe that after processing recombination-active dislocations contain a high degree of nanoscale iron and copper decoration, while recombination-inactive dislocations appear clean. To study the origins of the distinct metal decorations around different dislocations we analyze as-grown samples as well as specimens at different stages of processing. We complement our X-ray studies with micro-Raman mapping to understand the relationship between metallic decoration and stress fields around dislocations.
C1 [Bertoni, M. I.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Bertoni, M. I.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
[Sarau, G.] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
[Rinio, M.] Fraunho fer ISE, Lab & Serv, D-45884 Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
[Rinio, M.] Karlstad Univ, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden.
[Rose, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Maser, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Bertoni, MI (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Buonassisi, Tonio/J-2723-2012; Rose,
Volker/B-1103-2008
OI Rose, Volker/0000-0002-9027-1052
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0005314]; National Science Foundation
Graduate Research Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of
Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-06CH11357]
FX We acknowledge funding from the U.S. Department of Energy under contract
number DE-EE0005314. D. P. Fenning acknowledges the support of a
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Beamline
operational funding is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract
DEAC02-06CH11357
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 11
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1613
EP 1616
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801198
ER
PT J
AU Guthrey, H
Gorman, B
Coletti, G
Al-Jassim, M
AF Guthrey, Harvey
Gorman, Brian
Coletti, Gianluca
Al-Jassim, Mowafak
GP IEEE
TI A Model for Electron-Beam-Induced Current Analysis of mc-Si Addressing
Defect Contrast Behavior in Heavily Contaminated PV Material
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE mc-Si; silicon defects; electron beam induced current; EBIC contrast;
iron contamination
ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; EBIC CONTRAST; SILICON; DISLOCATIONS; IMPURITIES
AB Much work has been done to correlate electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) contrast behavior of extended defects with the character and degree of impurity decoration. However, existing models fail to account for recently observed contrast behavior of defects in heavily contaminated mc-Si PV cells. We have observed large increases in defect contrast with decreasing temperature for all electrically active defects, regardless of their initial contrast signatures at ambient temperature. This negates the usefulness of the existing models in identifying defect character and levels of impurity decoration based on the temperature dependence of the contrast behavior. By considering the interactions of transition metal impurities with the silicon lattice and extended defects, we attempt to provide an explanation for these observations. Our findings will enhance the ability of the PV community to understand and mitigate the effects of these types of defects as the adoption of increasingly lower purity feedstocks for mc-Si PV production continues.
C1 [Guthrey, Harvey; Gorman, Brian] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Guthrey, Harvey; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
[Coletti, Gianluca] ECN Solar Energy, Petten, Netherlands.
RP Guthrey, H (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX Thanks to Manuel Romero, whose stimulating discussions on EBIC contrast
made this work possible. This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1617
EP 1619
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801199
ER
PT J
AU Gfroerer, TH
Zhang, Y
Wanlass, MW
AF Gfroerer, T. H.
Zhang, Yong
Wanlass, M. W.
GP IEEE
TI A Comparison of Photoluminescence Imaging and Confocal Photoluminescence
Microscopy in the Study of Diffusion near Isolated Extended Defects in
GaAs
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE charge carrier density; diffusion processes; photoluminescence;
semiconductor epitaxial layers
AB Extended defects like dislocations augment recombination and reduce the local density of photogenerated carriers. We use photoluminescence imaging and confocal photoluminescence microscopy to study the diffusion of free carriers toward these defect-related depletion regions in GaAs. Both techniques reveal important changes in the size of the darkened region as the photoexcitation is reduced. Under lower illumination, the affected region generally expands, reflecting the impact of longer carrier lifetimes. But the physics of the confocal measurement, with highly localized excitation and detection, is very different from the physics involved in far-field imaging of photoluminescence under spatially uniform illumination. In particular, the radiative efficiency falls precipitously as the confocal excitation is reduced below a threshold of approximately 1 KW/cm(2), and we observe a simultaneous transformation in the confocal contrast profile. We attribute this dramatic change to trapping by bulk point defects, which are saturated when the effective photogenerated carrier density is sufficiently high.
C1 [Gfroerer, T. H.] Davidson Coll, Davidson, NC 28036 USA.
[Gfroerer, T. H.; Zhang, Yong] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA.
[Wanlass, M. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Gfroerer, TH (reprint author), Davidson Coll, Davidson, NC 28036 USA.
FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund
FX The authors would like to thank J. J. Carapella for performing the MOVPE
growth. Acknowledgment is also made to the Charlotte Research Institute,
DARPA/MTO, and the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum
Research Fund for support of this research.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1624
EP 1626
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801201
ER
PT J
AU Deline, C
Meydbray, J
Donovan, M
Forrest, J
AF Deline, Chris
Meydbray, Jenya
Donovan, Matt
Forrest, Jason
GP IEEE
TI Partial Shade Evaluation of Distributed Power Electronics for
Photovoltaic Systems
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic systems; DC-DC power converters; microinverters; mismatch;
partial shading
AB Site survey data for several residential installations are provided, showing the extent and frequency of shade throughout the year. This background information is used to design a representative shading test that is conducted on two side-by-side 8-kW photovoltaic (PV) installations. One system is equipped with a standard string inverter, while the other is equipped with microinverters on each solar panel. Partial shade is applied to both systems in a comprehensive range of shading conditions, simulating one of three shade extents. Under light shading conditions, the microinverter system produced the equivalent of 4% annual performance improvement, relative to the string inverter system. Under moderate shading conditions, the microinverter system outperformed the string inverter system by 8%, and under heavy shading the microinverter increased relative performance by 12%. In all three cases, the percentage of performance loss that is recovered by the use of distributed power electronics is 40%-50%. Additionally, it was found that certain shading conditions can lead to additional losses in string inverters due to peak-power tracking errors and voltage limitations.
C1 [Deline, Chris] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
[Meydbray, Jenya; Donovan, Matt; Forrest, Jason] PV Evolut Labs, Davis, CA USA.
RP Deline, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RI Deline, Christopher/K-5998-2013
OI Deline, Christopher/0000-0002-9867-8930
FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DOEAC36-08G028308]
FX Test data for this experiment were collected under a test service
agreement between PV Evolution Laboratory and Enphase Energy Inc. The
testing method was developed and data analysis was independently
conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Contract No.
DOEAC36-08G028308 with the Department of Energy. A number of individuals
also contributed important reviews and contributions to this work,
including Jeff Newmiller, David Briggs, Sara MacAlpine, and Solar Works,
Inc. Testing was conducted at PV Evolution Labs by Rajeev Singh,
Filiberto Alex Pineda, and Dang H. Dang.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1627
EP 1632
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801202
ER
PT J
AU Hersh, PA
van Hest, M
Bollinger, V
Berry, JJ
Ginley, DS
Stanbery, BJ
Stanbery, BJ
AF Hersh, Peter A.
van Hest, Maikel
Bollinger, Vincent
Berry, Joseph J.
Ginley, David S.
Stanbery, Billy J.
Stanbery, Billy J.
GP IEEE
TI Using amorphous Zinc-Tin Oxide alloys in the emitter structure of CIGS
PV devices
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE amorphous materials; copper compounds; photovoltaic cells; sputtering;
tin compounds; zinc compounds
ID THIN-FILMS; STANNATE
AB The typical CIGS device structure employs a molybdenum back contact and a CdS/ZnO/ZnO:Al emitter structure. In this work the undoped ZnO is replaced with amorphous zinc-tin oxide alloys (ZTO). Varying composition and deposition method of the ZTO can provide a wide range of band gap (3.3-3.9eV) and work function (4.3-5.2eV), while remaining amorphous. The flexibility of the ZTO provides the opportunity to tune the bands to optimize band-edge and Fermi level alignment. Devices demonstrated to date with ZTO alloy composition have yielded a maximum efficiency of 11.9% with an average of 11.3%, which is very similar to comparable devices with undoped ZnO that have a maximum efficiency of 12.0% with an average of 11.3%. On going optimization may further improve the results.
C1 [Hersh, Peter A.; Stanbery, Billy J.] HelioVolt Corp, Austin, TX 78744 USA.
[van Hest, Maikel; Bollinger, Vincent; Berry, Joseph J.; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Hersh, PA (reprint author), HelioVolt Corp, Austin, TX 78744 USA.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 16
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1673
EP 1676
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801211
ER
PT J
AU Ramanathan, K
Mann, J
Glynn, S
Christensen, S
Pankow, J
Li, J
Scharf, J
Mansfield, L
Contreras, M
Noufi, R
AF Ramanathan, Kannan
Mann, Jonathan
Glynn, Stephen
Christensen, Steve
Pankow, Joel
Li, Jian
Scharf, John
Mansfield, Lorelle
Contreras, Miguel
Noufi, Rommel
GP IEEE
TI A Comparative Study of Zn(O,S) Buffer Layers and CIGS Solar Cells
Fabricated by CBD, ALD, and Sputtering
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Buffer layers; copper indium gallium diselenide; thin film solar cells;
wide bad gap emitters; zinc oxysulfide
ID BAND ALIGNMENT; THIN-FILMS
AB Zn(O,S) thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD), atomic layer deposition, and sputtering. Composition of the films and band gap were measured and found to follow the trends described in the literature. CBD Zn(O,S) parameters were optimized and resulted in an 18.5% efficiency cell that did not require post annealing, light soaking, or an undoped ZnO layer. Promising results were obtained with sputtering. A 13% efficiency cell was obtained for a Zn(O,S) emitter layer deposited with 0.5%O-2. With further optimization of process parameters and an analysis of the loss mechanisms, it should be possible to increase the efficiency.
C1 [Ramanathan, Kannan; Mann, Jonathan; Glynn, Stephen; Christensen, Steve; Pankow, Joel; Li, Jian; Scharf, John; Mansfield, Lorelle; Contreras, Miguel; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Ramanathan, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 9
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 34
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1677
EP 1680
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801212
ER
PT J
AU Wilks, RG
Caballero, R
Song, X
Felix, R
Benkert, A
Gerlach, D
Weinhardt, L
Blum, M
Yang, W
Kaufmann, CA
Heske, C
Schock, HW
Bar, M
AF Wilks, R. G.
Caballero, R.
Song, X.
Felix, R.
Benkert, A.
Gerlach, D.
Weinhardt, L.
Blum, M.
Yang, W.
Kaufmann, C. A.
Heske, C.
Schock, H. -W.
Baer, M.
GP IEEE
TI X-ray Spectroscopic Analysis of the Growth of CBD-CdS Buffers on
flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Structures
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells; CdS buffer; x-ray spectroscopy;
interfaces
ID NA; HETEROJUNCTION; CUINSE2; SODIUM
AB The chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 ("CIGSe") absorbers on flexible polyimide substrates is examined using a combination of soft x-ray emission (XES) and photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. For this purpose, absorbers with with varying degrees of Cu-deficiency and NaF precursor thickness were studied. From the data, a detailed picture of the chemical surface composition (in particular the carbon and oxygen contamination) of the CBD-CdS layers can be drawn. The thickness and deposition rates were determined by monitoring the CdS-induced attenuation of the In 3d(5/2) XPS and In M-4,M-5 XES signals of the absorber, finding no significant impact of Na and/or Cu content of the CIGSe.
C1 [Wilks, R. G.; Caballero, R.; Song, X.; Felix, R.; Benkert, A.; Gerlach, D.; Kaufmann, C. A.; Schock, H. -W.; Baer, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Solar Energy Res, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
[Caballero, R.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada, Madrid 28049, Spain.
[Benkert, A.] Univ Wurzburg, Expt Phys 7, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany.
[Weinhardt, L.; Blum, M.; Heske, C.; Baer, M.] Univ Nevada Las Vegas, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Weinhardt, L.; Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Synchrotron Radiat, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany.
[Blum, M.; Yang, W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Chem Technol & Polymer Chem, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Baer, M.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Inst Chem & Phys, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany.
RP Wilks, RG (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, Solar Energy Res, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
RI Caballero, Raquel/L-1152-2015; Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013; Yang,
Wanli/D-7183-2011
OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063
FU Helmholtz-Association; German Academic Exchange Agency (DAAD) [331 4 04
002]; Spanish MINECO [RyC-2011-0521]; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC0205CH11231]
FX X.S., R.F., D.G., R.G.W., and M.B. are grateful to the
Helmholtz-Association for financial support (VH-NG-423). R.F. also
acknowledges the support by the German Academic Exchange Agency (DAAD;
331 4 04 002). R.C. acknowledges financial support from Spanish MINECO
within the program Ramon y Cajal (RyC-2011-0521). The ALS is supported
by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
(DE-AC0205CH11231).
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1682
EP 1687
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917801213
ER
PT J
AU Zaunbrecher, KN
Johnston, SW
Sites, JR
AF Zaunbrecher, Katherine N.
Johnston, Steven W.
Sites, James R.
GP IEEE
TI Identification and Analysis of Distinct Features in Imaging Thin-film
Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE electroluminescence; photoluminescence; imaging; photovoltaic cells;
thin films
ID LOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHY
AB Electroluminescence and photoluminescence (EL and PL) are two imaging techniques employed at NREL that are used to qualitatively evaluate solar cells. In this work, imaging lab-scale CdTe and CIGS devices provides information about small-area PV response, which will aid in determining the effects of non-uniformities on cell performance. EL, PL, and dark lock-in thermography signatures are first catalogued. Their responses to varying conditions are then studied. Further analysis includes acquiring spectral data, making microscopy measurements, and correlating luminescence to device performance. The goal of this work is to quantitatively determine non-uniformity effects on cell performance using rapid imaging techniques.
C1 [Zaunbrecher, Katherine N.; Johnston, Steven W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Zaunbrecher, Katherine N.; Sites, James R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Zaunbrecher, KN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
FX The authors would like to thank the Materials Engineering Laboratory at
CSU for making the CdTe cells, NREL for the CIGS devices, and Bobby To
at NREL for the SEM data. This work was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National
Renewable Energy Laboratory and with support from the American Recovery
and Reinvestment Act.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1716
EP 1720
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802002
ER
PT J
AU Kuciauskas, D
Duenow, JN
Kanevce, A
Li, JV
Young, MR
Dippo, P
Levi, DH
AF Kuciauskas, Darius
Duenow, Joel N.
Kanevce, Ana
Li, Jian V.
Young, Matthew R.
Dippo, Pat
Levi, Dean H.
GP IEEE
TI Optical-Fiber-Based, Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectrometer for
Thin-Film Absorber Characterization and Analysis of TRPL Data for
CdS/CdTe Interface
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Time-resolved photoluminescence; lifetime; CdTe; thin-film photovoltaics
ID CDTE/CDS SOLAR-CELLS; CARRIER LIFETIME; TEMPERATURE
AB We describe the design of a time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectrometer for rapid semiconductor absorber characterization. Simplicity and flexibility is achieved by using single optical fiber to deliver laser pulses and to collect photoluminescence. We apply TRPL for characterization of CdS/CdTe absorbers after deposition, CdCl2 treatment, Cu doping, and back contact formation. Data suggest this method could be applied in various stages of PV device processing. Finally, we show how to analyze TRPL data for CdS/CdTe absorbers by considering laser light absorption depth and intermixing at CdS/CdTe interface.
C1 [Kuciauskas, Darius; Duenow, Joel N.; Kanevce, Ana; Li, Jian V.; Young, Matthew R.; Dippo, Pat; Levi, Dean H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Kuciauskas, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1721
EP 1726
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802003
ER
PT J
AU Granata, JE
Sorensen, NR
Riley, D
Judkins, Z
Olsen, S
AF Granata, Jennifer E.
Sorensen, N. Robert
Riley, Daniel
Judkins, Zachary
Olsen, Sy
GP IEEE
TI Design for Reliability: A Low Concentration PV Case Study
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic modules; reliability; concentrator; FMEA; O&M
AB The reliability, availability and predictability of photovoltaic systems are becoming increasingly important as grid penetration Increases and lifetime expectations are raised. Sandia National Laboratories and SunPower Corporation teamed up to implement a design for reliability process including Failure Modes and Effects Analyses, accelerated testing, prototype real-world testing, and initial performance analyses on Sun Power's ne C7 Tracker and solar concentrator. This paper outlines the design for reliability process and initial results.
C1 [Granata, Jennifer E.; Sorensen, N. Robert; Riley, Daniel] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Judkins, Zachary; Olsen, Sy] SunPower Corp, San Jose, CA USA.
RP Granata, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U.S. Department of
Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors acknowledge the SunPower LCPV team and the Sandia PV
Reliability Team for all their work to make this project a success. This
work was funded in part by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program
laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned
subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of
Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1739
EP 1743
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802007
ER
PT J
AU Hacke, P
Smith, R
Terwilliger, K
Glick, S
Jordan, D
Johnston, S
Kempe, M
Kurtz, S
AF Hacke, Peter
Smith, Ryan
Terwilliger, Kent
Glick, Stephen
Jordan, Dirk
Johnston, Steve
Kempe, Michael
Kurtz, Sarah
GP IEEE
TI Testing and Analysis for Lifetime Prediction of Crystalline Silicon PV
Modules Undergoing Degradation by System Voltage Stress
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Degradation; Photovoltaic systems; Photovoltaic cells; Reliability;
High-voltage techniques; Current-voltage characteristics
ID FAILURE
AB Acceleration factors are calculated for crystalline silicon PV modules under system voltage stress by comparing the module power during degradation outdoors to that in accelerated testing at three temperatures and 85% relative humidity. A lognormal analysis is applied to the accelerated lifetime test data considering failure at 80% of the initial module power. Activation energy of 0.73 eV for the rate of failure is determined, and the probability of module failure at an arbitrary temperature is predicted. To obtain statistical data for multiple modules over the course of degradation in-situ of the test chamber, dark I-V measurements are obtained and transformed using superposition, which is found well suited for rapid and quantitative evaluation of potential-induced degradation. It is determined that shunt resistance measurements alone do not represent the extent of power degradation. This is explained with a two-diode model analysis that shows an increasing second diode recombination current and ideality factor as the degradation in module power progresses. Failure modes of the modules stressed outdoors are examined and compared to those stressed in accelerated tests.
C1 [Hacke, Peter; Smith, Ryan; Terwilliger, Kent; Glick, Stephen; Jordan, Dirk; Johnston, Steve; Kempe, Michael; Kurtz, Sarah] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Hacke, P (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1750
EP 1755
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802009
ER
PT J
AU Ardani, K
Barbose, G
Margolis, R
Feldman, D
AF Ardani, Kristen
Barbose, Galen
Margolis, Robert
Feldman, David
GP IEEE
TI Quantifying Non-Hardware Balance of System Costs for Photovoltaic
Installations in the United States Using a Combined Annual
Expenditure-Labor Hour Productivity Approach
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE balance of system; non-hardware; regulatory; photovoltaics
AB This paper presents results from the first U. S. based data collection effort to quantify non-hardware, business process costs for PV systems at the residential and commercial scales, using a bottom-up approach. Annual expenditure and labor hour productivity data are analyzed to benchmark business process costs in the specific areas of: (1) customer acquisition; (2) permitting, inspection, and interconnection; (3) installer labor costs associated with third party financing; and (4) installation labor. Annual cost and labor hour data were collected from 87 installers. After eliminating outliers, the survey sample consists of 75 installers, representing approximately 13% and 4% of 2010 added PV installations at the residential and commercial scales, respectively. Results indicate that business process costs benchmarked in this analysis (including assumed permitting fees) total $1.52/W-1 for residential systems (ranging from $0.66/W to $1.66/W between the 20th and 80th percentiles). For commercial systems, the survey results suggest business process costs of $0.99/W for systems <250 kW (ranging from $0.511W to $1.45/W between the 20th and 80th percentiles), and $0.25/W for systems >250 kW (ranging from $0.17/W to $0.78/W between the 20th and 80th percentiles)(2). We conclude that business process costs present significant opportunities for cost reductions.
C1 [Ardani, Kristen; Margolis, Robert; Feldman, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC 20009 USA.
[Barbose, Galen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ardani, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC 20009 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1762
EP 1767
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802011
ER
PT J
AU Coddington, M
Ellis, A
Lynn, K
Razon, A
Key, T
Kroposki, B
Mather, B
Hill, R
Nicole, K
Smith, J
AF Coddington, Michael
Ellis, Abraham
Lynn, Kevin
Razon, Alvin
Key, Tom
Kroposki, Benjamin
Mather, Barry
Hill, Roger
Nicole, Kristen
Smith, Jeff
GP IEEE
TI Updating Technical Screens for PV Interconnection
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE screens; interconnection; utility; electric utilities; public utility
commissions; penetration; high penetration
AB Solar photovoltaics (PV) is the dominant type of distributed generation (DG) technology interconnected to electric distribution systems in the United States, and deployment of PV systems continues to increase rapidly. Considering the rapid growth and widespread deployment of PV systems in United States electric distribution grids, it is important that interconnection procedures be as streamlined as possible to avoid unnecessary interconnection studies, costs, and delays. Because many PV interconnection applications involve high penetration scenarios, the process needs to allow for a sufficiently rigorous technical evaluation to identify and address possible system impacts. Existing interconnection procedures are designed to balance the need for efficiency and technical rigor for all DG. However, there is an implicit expectation that those procedures will be updated over time in order to remain relevant with respect to evolving standards, technology, and practical experience. Modifications to interconnection screens and procedures must focus on maintaining or improving safety and reliability, as well as accurately allocating costs and improving expediency of the interconnection process. This paper evaluates the origins and usefulness of the capacity penetration screen, offers potential short-term solutions which could effectively allow fast-track interconnection to many PV system applications, and considers longer-term solutions for increasing PV deployment levels in a safe and reliable manner while reducing or eliminating the emphasis on the penetration screen.
C1 [Coddington, Michael; Kroposki, Benjamin; Mather, Barry] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Ellis, Abraham; Hill, Roger] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
[Lynn, Kevin] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
[Razon, Alvin] SRA Inc, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA.
[Key, Tom; Nicole, Kristen; Smith, Jeff] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
RP Coddington, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1768
EP 1773
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802012
ER
PT J
AU Hoen, B
Wiser, R
Thayer, M
Cappers, P
AF Hoen, Ben
Wiser, Ryan
Thayer, Mark
Cappers, Peter
GP IEEE
TI Do PV Systems Increase Residential Selling Prices? If So, How Can
Practitioners Estimate This Increase?
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic; PV; home values; resale; premiums; new homes; existing
homes
ID HEDONIC PRICES
AB Relatively little research exists estimating the marginal impacts of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems on home sales prices. Using a large dataset of California homes that sold from 2000 through mid-2009, we find strong evidence, despite a variety of robustness checks, that existing homes with PV systems sold for a premium over comparable homes without PV systems, implying a near full return on investment. Premiums for new homes are found to be considerably lower than those for existing homes, implying, potentially, a tradeoff between price and sales velocity. The results have significant implications for homeowners, builders, appraisers, lenders, and policymakers. Some new tools have emerged which can be used to estimate premiums for PV homes.
C1 [Hoen, Ben; Wiser, Ryan; Cappers, Peter] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Thayer, Mark] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA USA.
RP Hoen, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CHI1231]; National Renewable Energy
Laboratory [DEK-8883050]; Clean Energy States Alliance
FX This work was supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy (Solar Energy Technologies Program) of the U.S. Department of
Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CHI1231, by the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory under Contract No. DEK-8883050, and by the Clean
Energy States Alliance, though all errors and omissions are our own.
This paper is based on a LBNL report 4476E [17].
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1774
EP 1777
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802013
ER
PT J
AU Bosco, NS
Silverman, TJ
Kurtz, SR
AF Bosco, Nick S.
Silverman, Timothy J.
Kurtz, Sarah R.
GP IEEE
TI On The Effect of Ramp Rate in Damage Accumulation of The CPV Die-Attach
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Photovoltaic Cells; Soldering; Materials Reliability; Reliability Theory
AB It is commonly understood that thermal cycling at high temperature ramp rates may activate unrepresentative failure mechanisms. Increasing the temperature ramp rate of thermal cycling, however, could dramatically reduce the test time required to achieve an equivalent amount of thermal fatigue damage, thereby reducing overall test time. Therefore, the effect of temperature ramp rate on physical damage in the CPV die-attach is investigated. Finite Element Model (FEM) simulations of thermal fatigue and thermal cycling experiments are made to determine if the amount of damage calculated results in a corresponding amount of physical damage measured to the die-attach for a variety of fast temperature ramp rates. Preliminary experimental results are in good agreement with simulations and reinforce the potential of increasing temperature ramp rates. Characterization of the microstructure and resulting fatigue crack in the die-attach suggest a similar failure mechanism across all ramp rates tested.
C1 [Bosco, Nick S.; Silverman, Timothy J.; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Bosco, NS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1820
EP 1825
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802023
ER
PT J
AU Rao, RA
Mathew, L
Sarkar, D
Smith, S
Saha, S
Garcia, R
Stout, R
Gurmu, A
Ainom, M
Onyegam, E
Xu, D
Jawarani, D
Fossum, J
Banerjee, S
Das, U
Upadhyaya, A
Rohatgi, A
Wang, Q
AF Rao, R. A.
Mathew, L.
Sarkar, D.
Smith, S.
Saha, S.
Garcia, R.
Stout, R.
Gurmu, A.
Ainom, M.
Onyegam, E.
Xu, D.
Jawarani, D.
Fossum, J.
Banerjee, S.
Das, U.
Upadhyaya, A.
Rohatgi, A.
Wang, Q.
GP IEEE
TI A Low Cost Kerfless Thin Crystalline Si Solar Cell Technology
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE kerfless; thin crystalline; heterojunction; photovoltaic cells; silicon
ID SILICON
AB The crystalline Si photovoltaic industry has been scaling down the Si wafer thickness in order to reduce costs and potentially attain higher efficiencies by minimizing bulk recombination. However, cell manufacturers are struggling to reduce the wafer thickness below 150 mu m as there are no economically viable technologies for manufacturing very thin Si wafers and such thin silicon wafers impose stringent handling requirements as wafer breakage and yield loss impact final module cost. We have previously reported a novel kerfless exfoliation technology capable of producing ultra thin 25 mu m thin flexible mono c-Si foils from thick Si wafers. In this work, we report on scaling the technology to 8-inch diameter wafers. A 25 mu m thin exfoliated monocrystalline Si solar cell with a front heterojunction emitter and a diffused back surface field structure has been fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 14.9%. Simulations show that with optimized texturing of the foil and better surface passivation, higher efficiencies (20%) can be attained. We have also fabricated dual heterojunction devices on 25 mu m thin exfoliated Si, which show high V-oc of 680mV. Due to the kerfless exfoliation process and wafer reuse, a final cell cost of $0.30/Wp can be achieved.
C1 [Rao, R. A.; Mathew, L.; Smith, S.; Saha, S.; Garcia, R.; Stout, R.; Gurmu, A.; Ainom, M.; Xu, D.; Jawarani, D.] AstroWatt, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Sarkar, D.; Fossum, J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Onyegam, E.; Banerjee, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
[Das, U.] Univ Delaware, Inst Energy Convers, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[Upadhyaya, A.; Rohatgi, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Wang, Q.] Natl Renewable Energy Labs, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Rao, RA (reprint author), AstroWatt, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
FU US Department of Energy [DE-EE0005404]
FX This work was funded partly by US Department of Energy Sunshot Award No.
DE-EE0005404.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1837
EP 1840
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802027
ER
PT J
AU Young, DL
Grover, S
Teplin, C
Stradins, P
LaSalvia, V
Chuang, TK
Couillard, JG
Branz, HM
AF Young, David L.
Grover, Sachit
Teplin, Charles
Stradins, Paul
LaSalvia, Vincenzo
Chuang, Ta-Ko
Couillard, J. Greg
Branz, Howard M.
GP IEEE
TI Characterization of Epitaxial Film Silicon Solar Cells Grown on Seeded
Display Glass
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE epitaxial layers; glass; silicon; solar energy
AB We report characterization of epitaxial film crystal silicon (c-Si) solar cells with open-circuit voltages (V-oc) above 560 mV. The 2-um absorber cells are grown by low-temperature (<750 degrees C) hot-wire CVD (HWCVD) on Corning (R) EAGLE XG (R) display glass coated with a layer-transferred (LT) Si seed. The high V-oc is a result of low-defect epitaxial Si (epi-Si) growth and effective hydrogen passivation of defects. The quality of epitaxial growth by HWCVD on seeded glass substrates depends on the crystallographic quality of the seed and the morphology of the growth surface. Complete heterojunction cells consist of glass/c-Si LT seed/epi n(+) Si: P/epi n(-) Si:P/intrinsic a-Si: H/p(+) a-Si:H/ITO. Similar devices grown on electronically 'dead' n+ wafers have given V-oc similar to 630 mV and similar to 8% efficiency with no light trapping features. Here we study the effects of the seed surface polish on epi-Si quality, how hydrogenation influences the device character, and the dominant junction transport physics.
C1 [Young, David L.; Grover, Sachit; Teplin, Charles; Stradins, Paul; LaSalvia, Vincenzo; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Young, DL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Grover, Sachit/M-1881-2013
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1841
EP 1844
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802028
ER
PT J
AU Kempe, MD
Miller, DC
Wohlgemuth, JH
Kurtz, SR
Moseley, JM
Shah, Q
Tamizhmani, G
Sakurai, K
Inoue, M
Doi, T
Masuda, A
Samuels, SL
Vanderpan, CE
AF Kempe, Michael D.
Miller, David C.
Wohlgemuth, John H.
Kurtz, Sarah R.
Moseley, John M.
Shah, Qurat (Annie)
Tamizhmani, Govindasamy
Sakurai, Keiichiro
Inoue, Masanao
Doi, Takuya
Masuda, Atsushi
Samuels, Sam L.
Vanderpan, Crystal E.
GP IEEE
TI A Field Evaluation of the Potential for Creep in Thermoplastic
Encapsulant Materials
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Encapsulant; Creep; Thermoplastic; Qualification Standards; Polymer
ID PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES; DEGRADATION
AB There has been recent interest in the use of thermoplastic encapsulant materials in photovoltaic modules to replace chemically crosslinked materials, e. g., ethylene-vinyl acetate. The related motivations include the desire to: reduce lamination time or temperature; use less moisture-permeable materials; use materials with better corrosion characteristics or with improved electrical resistance. However, the use of any thermoplastic material in a high-temperature environment raises safety and performance concerns, as the standardized tests currently do not expose the modules to temperatures in excess of 85 degrees C, though fielded modules may experience temperatures above 100 degrees C. Here we constructed eight pairs of crystalline-silicon modules and eight pairs of glass/encapsulation/glass thin-film mock modules using different encapsulant materials of which only two were designed to chemically crosslink. One module set was exposed outdoors with insulation on the back side in Arizona in the summer, and an identical set was exposed in environmental chambers. High precision creep measurements (+/- 20 mu m) and performance measurements indicate that despite many of these polymeric materials being in the melt state during outdoor deployment, very little creep was seen because of their high viscosity, temperature heterogeneity across the modules, and the formation of chemical crosslinks in many of the encapsulants as they aged. In the case of the crystalline silicon modules, the physical restraint of the backsheet reduced the creep further.
C1 [Kempe, Michael D.; Miller, David C.; Wohlgemuth, John H.; Kurtz, Sarah R.; Moseley, John M.; Sakurai, Keiichiro] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Kempe, MD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
OI Samuels, Sam/0000-0002-2916-9534
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1871
EP 1876
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802034
ER
PT J
AU Krishnan, R
Tong, G
Kaczynski, R
Schoop, U
Payzant, EA
Anderson, TJ
Kim, WK
AF Krishnan, R.
Tong, G.
Kaczynski, R.
Schoop, U.
Payzant, E. A.
Anderson, T. J.
Kim, W. K.
GP IEEE
TI DEVICE DEGRADATION STUDIES OF CIGS SOLAR CELLS USING IN-SITU HIGH
TEMPERATURE X-RAY DIFFRACTION
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
ID THIN-FILMS
AB In-situ X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was used tostudy the degradation mechanism of the CIGS device structure SS/Mo/CIGS/CdS/ITO. Temperature ramp HTXRD experiments carried out in both N-2 and forming gas ambient revealed formation of the solid solution gamma- CuCd2(GaxIn1-x) Se-4 at similar to 400 degrees C. Time dependent XRD patterns were collected at constant temperature for four temperatures in the range 420 to 480 degrees C to extract the first order rate parameters for formation of this phase using the Avrami model. Activation energy of 233.5 (+/- 45) kJ/mol and pre-exponential value 8.3 x 10(13) s(-1) were estimated. Extrapolation of the reaction rate to a typical module operating temperature (50 degrees C) indicated the rate of formation of this complex compound is sufficiently low that the extent of reaction is negligible during the module lifetime of 30 years.
C1 [Krishnan, R.; Tong, G.; Anderson, T. J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
[Kim, W. K.] Yeungnam Univ, Gyongsan, South Korea.
[Kaczynski, R.; Schoop, U.] Global Solar Energy Inc, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Payzant, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Krishnan, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009
OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060
FU DOE/NREL Thin Film [DE-FG36-08GO18069]; U. S. Department of Energy;
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Vehicle Technologies
Program
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of DOE/NREL
Thin Film PV Partnership Program, under subcontract
No.DE-FG36-08GO18069. The authors also appreciate sponsorship, in part,
bythe U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program, through the Oak Ridge
National Laboratory's High Temperature Materials Laboratory User
Program.
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 1970
EP 1973
DI 10.1109/PVSC.2012.6317982
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802057
ER
PT J
AU Yu, KM
Mayer, MA
Speaks, DT
He, HC
Zhao, RY
Hsu, L
Mao, SS
Haller, EE
Walukiewicz, W
AF Yu, Kin Man
Mayer, Marie A.
Speaks, Derrick T.
He, Hongcai
Zhao, Ruying
Hsu, L.
Mao, Samuel S.
Haller, E. E.
Walukiewicz, Wladek
GP IEEE
TI Transparent Conductors for Full Spectrum Photovoltaics
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Transparent Conducting oxides; Wide band gap semiconductors;
Photovoltaic cells; Cadmium oxide
ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; ABSORPTION; MOBILITY; OXIDE; GAAS; CDO
AB Low transparency of conventional transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in the IR region (lambda similar to 1000 nm) due to absorption and reflection by the high concentration of free carrier restricts the applications of materials to photovoltaics that do not use the infrared part of the solar spectrum. In order to maintain low resistivity with reduced free carrier absorption, TCOs with high mobility are required. We have found that among metal oxides, CdO has all the essential requirements for low resistance and high infrared transmission: low electron scattering rates and high electron mobility. In this work we report the electrical and optical properties of CdO, undoped and doped with various n-type dopants, grown using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). We found that nominally undoped CdO films have Hall mobilities in the range of 50-150 cm(2)/Vs with carrier concentrations of 3x10(20)-2x10(19) cm(-3) corresponding to a high compensation ratio k= 0.7. However, with appropriate intentional doping, ideal uncompensated CdO with extremely high conductivity (> 10(4) S/cm) and an excellent transmission window in the range from 400 to > 1500 nm can be achieved. These properties make CdO an ideal TCO for photovoltaics with low band gap absorbers including Si and high efficiency multijunction cells.
C1 [Yu, Kin Man; Mayer, Marie A.; Speaks, Derrick T.; Zhao, Ruying; Haller, E. E.; Walukiewicz, Wladek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2024
EP 2029
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802071
ER
PT J
AU Garcia, I
Geisz, J
Steiner, M
Olson, J
Friedman, D
Kurtz, S
AF Garcia, Ivan
Geisz, John
Steiner, Myles
Olson, Jerry
Friedman, Daniel
Kurtz, Sarah
GP IEEE
TI Design of Semiconductor-based Back Reflectors for High V-oc Monolithic
Multijunction Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photon recycling; high V-oc; distributed Bragg reflector; multijunction
solar cell
AB State-of-the-art multijunction cell designs have the potential for significant improvement before going to higher number of junctions. For example, the V-oc can be substantially increased if the photon recycling taking place in the junctions is enhanced. This has already been demonstrated (by Alta Devices) for a GaAs single-junction cell. For this, the loss of re-emitted photons by absorption in the underlying layers or substrate must be minimized. Selective back surface reflectors are needed for this purpose. In this work, different architectures of semiconductor distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) are assessed as the appropriate choice for application in monolithic multijunction solar cells. Since the photon re-emission in the photon recycling process is spatially isotropic, the effect of the incident angle on the reflectance spectrum is of central importance. In addition, the DBR structure must be designed taking into account its integration into the monolithic multijunction solar cells, concerning series resistance, growth economics, and other issues. We analyze the tradeoffs in DBR design complexity with all these requirements to determine if such a reflector is suitable to improve multijunction solar cells.
C1 [Garcia, Ivan; Geisz, John; Steiner, Myles; Olson, Jerry; Friedman, Daniel; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Garcia, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Garcia, Ivan/L-1547-2014
OI Garcia, Ivan/0000-0002-9895-2020
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2042
EP 2047
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802075
ER
PT J
AU McMahon, WE
Olson, JM
Geisz, JF
Friedman, DJ
AF McMahon, W. E.
Olson, J. M.
Geisz, J. F.
Friedman, D. J.
GP IEEE
TI An Examination of 1D Solar Cell Model Limitations Using 3D SPICE
Modeling
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE current-voltage characteristics; photovoltaic cells; semiconductor
device modeling; SPICE
AB To examine the limitations of one-dimensional (1D) solar cell modeling, 3D SPICE-based modeling is used to examine in detail the validity of the 1D assumptions as a function of sheet resistance for a model cell. The internal voltages and current densities produced by this modeling give additional insight into the differences between the 1D and 3D models.
C1 [McMahon, W. E.; Olson, J. M.; Geisz, J. F.; Friedman, D. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP McMahon, WE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2088
EP 2091
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802084
ER
PT J
AU Johnston, S
Yan, F
Dorn, D
Zaunbrecher, K
Al-Jassim, M
Sidelkheir, O
Ounadjela, K
AF Johnston, Steve
Yan, Fei
Dorn, David
Zaunbrecher, Katherine
Al-Jassim, Mowafak
Sidelkheir, Omar
Ounadjela, Kamel
GP IEEE
TI Comparison of Photoluminescence Imaging on Starting MultiCrystalline
Silicon Wafers to Finished Cell Performance
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photoluminescence; imaging; infrared imaging; photovoltaic cells;
silicon; impurities
ID LOCK-IN THERMOGRAPHY; SOLAR-CELLS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LUMINESCENCE
AB Photoluminescence (PL) imaging techniques can be applied to multicrystalline silicon wafers throughout the manufacturing process. Both band-to-band PL and defect-band emissions, which are longer-wavelength emissions from sub-bandgap transitions, are used to characterize wafer quality and defect content on starting multicrystalline silicon wafers and neighboring wafers processed at each step through completion of finished cells. Both PL imaging techniques spatially highlight defect regions that represent dislocations and defect clusters. The relative intensities of these imaged defect regions change with processing. Band-to-band PL on wafers in the later steps of processing shows good correlation to cell quality and performance. The defect band images show regions that change relative intensity through processing, and better correlation to cell efficiency and reverse-bias breakdown is more evident at the starting wafer stage as opposed to later process steps. We show that thermal processing in the 200 degrees-400 degrees C range causes impurities to diffuse to different defect regions, changing their relative defect band emissions.
C1 [Johnston, Steve; Yan, Fei; Zaunbrecher, Katherine; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 23
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2161
EP 2166
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802100
ER
PT J
AU Nemeth, B
Wang, Q
Shan, W
AF Nemeth, Bill
Wang, Qi
Shan, Wei
GP IEEE
TI Efficient Crystalline Si Solar Cell with Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon
Heterojunction as Back Contact
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE silicon; amorphous; photovoltaic cells; heterojunction
AB We study an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (Si HJ) as a back contact in industrial standard p-type five-inch pseudo-square wafer to replace Al back surface field (BSF) contact. The best efficiency in this study is over 17% with open-circuit (V-oc) of 0.623 V, which is very similar to the control cell with Al BSF. We found that V-oc has not been improved with the heterojunction structure in the back. The typical minority carrier lifetime of these wafers is on the order of 10 mu s. We also found that the doping levels of p-layer affect the FF due to conductivity and band gap shifting, and an optimized layer is identified. We conclude that an amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction can be a very promising structure to replace Al BSF back contact.
C1 [Nemeth, Bill; Wang, Qi] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Nemeth, B (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2229
EP 2231
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802115
ER
PT J
AU Platt, HAS
Li, YJ
Novak, JP
van Hest, MFAM
AF Platt, Heather A. S.
Li, Yunjun
Novak, James P.
van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.
GP IEEE
TI Non-Contact Printed Aluminum Metallization of Si Photovoltaic Devices
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE printing; aluminum; photovoltaic cells; silicon
AB Alternative solution-based techniques such as aerosol jet printing offer the dual benefits of contactless pattern deposition and high material utilization. We have used aerosol jet printing to investigate non-contact printed Al metal ink as a replacement for screen printed Al back contacts on wafer Si solar cells. This particle-based ink can be prepared at high loadings of 60 weight % metal, which enables rapid deposition of 1 - 10 mu m thick lines. Al lines printed on Si wafers and heated between 550 and 800 degrees C form low resistance contacts suitable for current extraction. The effectiveness of these printed Al back contacts has further been demonstrated by incorporating them into a series of 21 cm(2) crystalline Si solar cells that produced a champion power conversion efficiency of 13%.
C1 [Platt, Heather A. S.; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Li, Yunjun; Novak, James P.] Appl Nanotech Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
RP Platt, HAS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU US Dept of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER85085]
FX Applied Nanotech, Inc. would like to thank the US Dept. of Energy for
funding this work under contract DE-FG02-08ER85085.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2244
EP 2246
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802119
ER
PT J
AU Ounadjela, K
Rakotoniaina, P
Sidelkheir, O
Laparra, O
Kaes, M
Smith, R
Rummel, S
Al-Jassim, M
AF Ounadjela, Kamel
Rakotoniaina, Pati
Sidelkheir, Omar
Laparra, Olivier
Kaes, Martin
Smith, Ryan
Rummel, Steve
Al-Jassim, Mowafak
GP IEEE
TI Superior Low-Light-Level Performance of Upgraded Metallurgical-Grade
Silicon Modules
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE solar modules; low light; shunt resistance; performance ratio;
photovoltaic cells; silicon; emitter
AB The industry is becoming critically sensitive to solar energy delivered in kilowatt-hours rather than in kilowatt at illumination peak intensity. This is because when comparing systems or modules, it is more relevant to compare the energy delivered during an entire day than the energy delivered during peak illumination, which happens for very few hours on the same day. For that reason, low-light-level performance is an important parameter that greatly influences the total energy yield of a PV system. This is especially important in low annual insolation regions such as northern Europe or the northeast United States. Low-light-level performance can vary significantly even within a particular PV technology. In this contribution, results of low-light performance of three modules are presented. The first module uses Calisolar upgraded metallurgical-grade (UMG) Si solar cells, the second module uses standard monocrystalline Si cells, and the third module uses standard electronic-grade (EG) Si cells. The modules were first tested at NREL's Outdoor Testing Facility. The low-light-level performance of the three modules indicated a markedly higher module output for the module with Calisolar UMG cells. Because angle of incidence, temperature, and spectral variations can significantly influence these data, these modules were also measured using a Spire indoor solar simulator. Measurements at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 W/m(2) corroborated our outdoor tests and the superior performance of the UMG-based modules. We observed that the shunt resistance of the module with Calisolar UMG cells is higher than that of the other two modules, which can explain the higher module output. Thus, as the light intensity decreases, the light IV curve moves toward the lower part of the diode characteristics where R-shunt and J(02) (which describes recombination in the space charge region) dominate. In this low-light regime, a decrease of Rshunt drastically reduces the V-OC and fill factor. Cells with higher Rshunt are less affected. Large-scale system outputs have also confirmed higher performance module output in low-light conditions for modules using Calisolar cells.
C1 [Ounadjela, Kamel; Rakotoniaina, Pati; Sidelkheir, Omar; Laparra, Olivier] Calisolar, 985 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.
[Kaes, Martin] Calisolar GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
[Smith, Ryan; Rummel, Steve; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Ounadjela, K (reprint author), Calisolar, 985 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2359
EP 2361
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802147
ER
PT J
AU Sorloaica-Hickman, N
Davis, K
Leyte-Vidal, A
Kurtz, S
Jordan, D
AF Sorloaica-Hickman, Nicoleta
Davis, Kris
Leyte-Vidal, Albert
Kurtz, Sarah
Jordan, Dirk
GP IEEE
TI COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF FIELD-AGED PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES
LOCATED IN A HOT AND HUMID ENVIRONMENT
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Photovoltaic; reliability; degradation rate; Performance Rati; PVUSA
regression
AB Long-term monitoring of systems installed in the field is the ultimate standard for evaluating photovoltaic components and systems. This study, which involves the long-term outdoor exposure in a hot and humid climate, intends to address the performance degradation and failure mechanisms which are difficult or impossible to simulate in the lab during time constrained accelerated tests. Experimental data including irradiance, temperature, DC/AC current and voltage has been collected on diverse generations of photovoltaic modules installed throughout the state of Florida. Long term module reliability and lifetime are evaluated using a two pronged approach. 1) Modules have been deployed outdoors for long time periods with systematic - 15 minutes interval- climatic and performance measurements 2) Real-time climatic and performance measurements of modules following long-term outdoor exposed. Visual, IR and electrical insulation inspections were performed are also presented in this paper. Multiple analytical methods are used to quantify energy production and power degradation over time, including Performance Ratio analysis, and PVUSA regression analysis. Real-time field measurements were reviewed for both overall return rates and compare them with the nameplate performance values and to identify the failure mechanism that caused the return.
C1 [Sorloaica-Hickman, Nicoleta; Davis, Kris; Leyte-Vidal, Albert] Univ Cent Florida, Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA.
[Kurtz, Sarah; Jordan, Dirk] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Sorloaica-Hickman, N (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2376
EP 2381
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802151
ER
PT J
AU Wohlgemuth, JH
Sastry, OS
Stokes, A
Singh, YK
Kumar, M
AF Wohlgemuth, John H.
Sastry, O. S.
Stokes, Adam
Singh, Yogesh Kumar
Kumar, Mithilesh
GP IEEE
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF FIELD EXPOSED THIN FILM MODULES
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE thin film photovoltaics; PV module performance; outdoor field exposure
AB Test arrays of thin film modules have been deployed at the Solar Energy Centre near New Delhi, India since 2002-2003. Performances of these arrays were reported by O.S. Sastry [1]. This paper reports on NREL efforts to support SEC by performing detailed characterization of selected modules from the array. Modules were selected to demonstrate both average and worst case power loss over the 8 years of outdoor exposure. The modules characterized included CdTe, CIS and three different types of a-Si. All but one of the a-Si types were glass-glass construction. None of the modules had edge seals. Detailed results of these tests are presented along with our conclusions about the causes of the power loss for each technology.
C1 [Wohlgemuth, John H.; Stokes, Adam] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Sastry, O. S.; Singh, Yogesh Kumar; Kumar, Mithilesh] Minist New & Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Ctr, New Delhi, India.
RP Wohlgemuth, JH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
The authors wish to thank Dirk Jordan for providing the data on
degradation rates for the modules deployed at NREL.
NR 3
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2411
EP 2415
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917802158
ER
PT J
AU Colli, A
AF Colli, Alessandra
GP IEEE
TI Extending Performance and Evaluating Risks of PV Systems Failure Using a
Fault Tree and Event Tree Approach: Analysis of the Possible Application
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Performance; Risk; Failure; Fault Tree; Event Tree
AB Performance and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) systems are important issues in the overall evaluation of a PV plant and its components. While performance is connected to the amount of energy produced by the PV installation in the working environmental conditions, reliability impacts the availability of the system to produce the expected amount of energy. In both cases, the evaluation should be done considering information and data coming from indoor as well as outdoor tests. In this paper a way of re-thinking performance, giving it a probabilistic connotation, and connecting the two concepts of performance and reliability is proposed. The paper follows a theoretical approach and discusses the way to obtaining such information, facing benefits and problems. The proposed probabilistic performance accounts for the probability of the system to function correctly, thus passing through the complementary evaluation of the probability of system malfunctions and consequences. Scenarios have to be identified where the system is not functioning properly or at all. They are expected to be combined in a probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) based approach, providing not only the required probability, but also being capable of giving a prioritization of the risks and the most dominant scenario associated to a specific situation. This approach can offer the possibility to highlight the most critical parts of a PV system, as well as providing support in design activities identifying weak connections.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Colli, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2922
EP 2926
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803047
ER
PT J
AU Dobos, AP
AF Dobos, Aron P.
GP IEEE
TI Modeling of Annual DC Energy Losses due to Off Maximum Power Point
Operation in PV Arrays
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE array modeling; diode model; maximum power point; mismatch losses
AB This paper describes a straightforward methodology for modeling photovoltaic arrays comprised of variously configured sub-arrays connected to a single inverter. Particularly in rooftop applications, PV arrays must be installed within the constraints of various roof slopes and geometries. This reality calls into question the typical modeling assumption that each panel operates at its maximum power point, even when shading effects are ignored. A series of scenarios are presented with a variety of array orientations, string configurations, and temperature effects. Each scenario is modeled in detail using industry standard modeling tools, and the operation characteristics and DC losses due to sub-array layout mismatch are presented. Typical losses resulting from sub-optimal relative alignment of fixed array layouts are on the order of a one percent or less on an annual basis, suggesting that sub-array orientation in the absence of shading is not a major factor in small to medium scale system energy yield.
C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Dobos, AP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 2967
EP 2969
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803056
ER
PT J
AU Stein, JS
AF Stein, Joshua S.
GP IEEE
TI The Photovoltaic Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC)
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Photovoltaic systems; solar energy; modeling; prediction algorithms;
uncertainty; collaborative work; collaborative tools
AB Sandia National Laboratories is forming the PV Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC). T his effort is aimed at improving confidence in PV performance model predictions by bringing traceability and transparency to the modeling process and encouraging third party validation of existing algorithms. Activities currently being pursued in this collaborative include: (1) developing a website (http://pvpmc.org), (2) developing a Matlab (TM) PV Performance Modeling Toolbox (PV_LIB), and (3) sponsoring periodic PV performance modeling workshops and events. Contributions are welcomed from stakeholders in PV or related industries.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Stein, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 5
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3048
EP 3052
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803074
ER
PT J
AU Hansen, CW
Riley, DM
Jaramillo, M
AF Hansen, Clifford W.
Riley, Daniel M.
Jaramillo, Manuel
GP IEEE
TI Calibration of the Sandia Array Performance Model Using Indoor
Measurements
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Modeling; Parameter extraction; Performance analysis; Photovoltaic
systems; Solar power generation
AB The Sandia Array Performance Model (SAPM) describes the DC output of a PV module under a range of irradiance and temperature conditions. Coefficients for SAPM are normally obtained through a sequence of on-sun tests, which can be expensive and time-consuming. We report progress towards developing test methods and analysis procedures to obtain coefficients for SAPM from indoor testing. We compared module output predictions from SAPM with coefficients extracted from indoor test results, to measured on-sun module output, and found biases in the predicted performance. We hypothesize that these biases result from the uniform cell temperatures during indoor testing, whereas measured cell temperatures vary by up to 10 degrees C among cells during on-sun conditions. However, we also hypothesize other explanations for the observed biases.
C1 [Hansen, Clifford W.; Riley, Daniel M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Jaramillo, Manuel] CFV Solar Test Lab Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
RP Hansen, CW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys
National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3067
EP 3072
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803078
ER
PT J
AU Bolen, ML
Grover, S
Teplin, CW
Bobela, D
Branz, HM
Stradins, P
AF Bolen, Michael L.
Grover, Sachit
Teplin, Charles W.
Bobela, David
Branz, Howard M.
Stradins, Paul
GP IEEE
TI Hydrogenation of Dislocation-Limited Heteroepitaxial Silicon Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; PASSIVATION; DEFECTS
AB Post-deposition hydrogenation by remote plasma significantly improves performance of heteroepitaxial silicon (Si) solar cells. Heteroepitaxial deposition of thin crystal Si on sapphire for photovoltaics (PV) is an excellent model system for developing the PV technology platform of film c-Si on inexpensive Al2O3-coated (100) biaxially-textured metal foils. Without hydrogenation PV conversion efficiencies are less than 1% in our model system, due to carrier recombination at electrically-active dislocations and other growth defects. Hydrogenation dramatically improves performance, with low-temperature hydrogenation at 350 degrees C being more effective than hydrogenation at 610 degrees C. Spectral quantum efficiency, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and vibrational Si-H-x Raman spectroscopy measurements elucidate the effects of hydrogenation on the materials and devices. Quantum efficiency increases at wavelengths >400 nm, indicating hydrogenation is mostly affecting the bulk of the cells. SIMS detects nearly 100 times more hydrogen atoms in our cells than available dangling bonds along all dislocations. Yet, Raman spectroscopy indicates that only low temperature hydrogenation creates Si-Hx bonds; trapped hydrogen does not stably passivate dangling-bond recombination sites at high temperatures.
C1 [Bolen, Michael L.; Grover, Sachit; Teplin, Charles W.; Branz, Howard M.; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Bobela, David] Ampulse Corp, Golden, CO USA.
RP Bolen, ML (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Grover, Sachit/M-1881-2013
FU U.S DOE Solar Energy Technology Program [DEAC36-08-GO28308]; Ampulse
Corporation
FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE Solar Energy Technology Program
under Contract No. DEAC36-08-GO28308 and the Ampulse Corporation.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3124
EP 3128
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803090
ER
PT J
AU Pang, YT
Dissanayake, N
Eisaman, MD
AF Pang, Yutong
Dissanayake, Nanditha
Eisaman, Matthew D.
GP IEEE
TI Guided-mode absorption in ultrathin organic photovoltaics
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE optical waveguides; organic photovoltaics; photovoltaic cells; thin
films
ID SOLAR-CELLS; THIN-FILMS; LIGHT; DEVICES
AB We introduce a novel organic photovoltaic (OPV) design, termed a "slot OPV", that applies the principles of slot waveguides to confine light within the ultrathin (<50 nm) active layer of an OPV. Our calculations demonstrate that a "slot OPV" can be designed with guided-mode absorption for a 10 nm thick active layer equal to the absorption of normal incidence on an OPV with a 100 nm thick active layer. These results, together with the expected improvement in charge extraction for ultrathin layers, suggest that "slot OPVs" can be designed with greater power conversion efficiency than today's state-of-the-art OPV architectures.
C1 [Pang, Yutong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Pang, Yutong; Dissanayake, Nanditha; Eisaman, Matthew D.] Sustainable Energ Technol Dept, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Pang, YT (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011
OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430
FU U. S Department of Energy, Sustainable Energy Technologies Department
[DE-AC02-98CH 1 0886]
FX We thank J. Jackson and L. Steingart for prism coupling measurements
performed at Metricon Corp. This work was primarily performed at
Brookhaven National Laboratory, and was partially supported by the U. S.
Department of Energy, Sustainable Energy Technologies Department under
contract DE-AC02-98CH 1 0886.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3131
EP 3136
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803092
ER
PT J
AU Wohlgemuth, JH
Kurtz, SR
AF Wohlgemuth, John H.
Kurtz, Sarah R.
GP IEEE
TI How Can We Make PV Modules Safer?
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
AB Safety is a prime concern for the photovoltaics (PV) industry. As a technology deployed on residential and commercial buildings, it is critical that PV not cause damage to the buildings nor harm the occupants. Many of the PV systems on buildings are of sufficiently high voltage (300 to 600 Volts dc) that they may present potential hazards. These PV systems must be safe in terms of mechanical damage (nothing falls on someone), shock hazard (no risk of electrical shock when touching an exposed circuit element), and fire (the modules neither cause nor promote a fire). The present safety standards (IEC 61730 and UL 1703) do a good job of providing for design rules and test requirements for mechanical, shock, and spread of flame dangers. However, neither standard addresses the issue of electrical arcing within a module that can cause a fire. To make PV modules, they must be designed, built, and installed with an emphasis on minimizing the potential for open circuits and ground faults. This paper provides recommendations on redundant connection designs, robust mounting methods, and changes to the safety standards to yield safer PV modules.
C1 [Wohlgemuth, John H.; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Wohlgemuth, JH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3162
EP 3165
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803099
ER
PT J
AU Dhere, RG
Duenow, JN
DeHart, CM
Li, JV
Kuciauskas, D
Gessert, TA
AF Dhere, Ramesh G.
Duenow, Joel N.
DeHart, Clay M.
Li, Jian V.
Kuciauskas, Darius
Gessert, Timothy A.
GP IEEE
TI Development of Substrate Structure CdTe Photovoltaic Devices with
Performance Exceeding 10%
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE CdTe; substrate structure; devices; contacts; open-circuit voltage;
efficiency.
ID CDS/CDTE SOLAR-CELLS
AB Most work on CdTe-based solar cells has focused on devices with a superstrate structure. This focus is due to the early success of the superstrate structure in producing high-efficiency cells, problems of suitable ohmic contacts for lightly doped CdTe, and the simplicity of the structure for manufacturing. The development of the CdCl2 heat treatment boosted CdTe technology and perpetuated the use of the superstrate structure. However, despite the beneficial attributes of the superstrate structure, devices with a substrate structure are attractive both commercially and scientifically. The substrate structure eliminates the need for transparent superstrates and thus allows the use of flexible metal and possibly plastic substrates. From a scientific perspective, it allows better control in forming the junction and direct access to the junction for detailed analysis. Research on such devices has been limited. The efficiency of these devices has been limited to around 8% due to low open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and fill factor. In this paper, we present our recent device development efforts at NREL on substrate-structure CdTe devices. We have found that processing parameters required to fabricate high-efficiency substrate CdTe PV devices differ from those necessary for traditional superstrate CdTe devices. We have worked on a variety of contact materials including Cu-doped ZnTe and CUxTe. We will present a comparative analysis of the performance of these contacts. In addition, we have studied the influence of fabrication parameters on junction properties. We will present an overview of our development work, which has led to CdTe devices with V-oc values of more than 860 mV and NREL-confirmed efficiencies approaching 11%.
C1 [Dhere, Ramesh G.; Duenow, Joel N.; DeHart, Clay M.; Li, Jian V.; Kuciauskas, Darius; Gessert, Timothy A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Dhere, RG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016
NR 7
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3208
EP 3211
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803109
ER
PT J
AU Gessert, TA
Burst, JM
Ma, J
Wei, SH
Kuciauskas, D
Barnes, TM
Duenow, JN
Young, MR
Rance, WL
Li, JV
Dippo, P
AF Gessert, T. A.
Burst, J. M.
Ma, J.
Wei, S. -H.
Kuciauskas, D.
Barnes, T. M.
Duenow, J. N.
Young, M. R.
Rance, W. L.
Li, J. V.
Dippo, P.
GP IEEE
TI Response of CdS/CdTe Devices to Te Exposure of Back Contact
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE CdTe; ZnTe; Contacts; Stoichiometry; Defects
AB Theoretical predictions of thin-film CdS/CdTe photovoltaic (PV) devices have suggested performance may be improved by reducing recombination due to Te-vacancy (V-Te) or Te-interstitial (Te-i) defects. Although formation of these intrinsic defects is likely influenced by CdTe deposition parameters, it also may be coupled to formation of beneficial cadmium vacancy (V-Cd) defects. If this is true, reducing potential effects of V-Te or Te-i may be difficult without also reducing the density of V-Cd. In contrast, post-deposition processes can sometimes afford a greater degree of defect control. Here we explore a post-deposition process that appears to influence the Te-related defects in polycrystalline CdTe. Specifically, we have exposed the CdTe surface to Te prior to ZnTe: Cu/Ti contact-interface formation with the goal of reducing V-Te but without significantly reducing V-Cd. Initial results show that when this modified contact is used on a CdCl2-treated CdS/CdTe device, significantly poorer device performance results. This suggests two things: First, the amount of free-Te available during contact formation (either from chemical etching or CuTe or ZnTe deposition) may be a more important parameter to device performance than previously appreciated. Second, if processes have been used to reduce the effect of V-Te (e.g., oxygen and chlorine additions to the CdTe), adding even a small amount of Te may produce detrimental defects.
C1 [Gessert, T. A.; Burst, J. M.; Ma, J.; Wei, S. -H.; Kuciauskas, D.; Barnes, T. M.; Duenow, J. N.; Young, M. R.; Rance, W. L.; Li, J. V.; Dippo, P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Gessert, TA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 12
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3212
EP 3216
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803110
ER
PT J
AU Barnes, TM
Burst, J
Reese, MO
Rance, W
Gessert, T
Zhang, K
Hamilton, CT
Fuller, KM
Aitken, B
Williams, CK
AF Barnes, Teresa M.
Burst, James
Reese, Matthew O.
Rance, Will
Gessert, Tim
Zhang, Kan
Hamilton, Chuck T.
Fuller, Kim M.
Aitken, Bruce
Williams, Carlo Kosik
GP IEEE
TI Process Development of CdTe Solar Cells Grown at High Temperatures on
Engineered Glass
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE CdTe; deposition temperature; device performance; engineered glass; high
strain-point
AB NREL and Corning Incorporated have collaborated on a project to investigate the effect of increasing CdTe deposition temperature on device performance. CdTe deposition temperatures are generally limited by the thermal properties of the glass superstrate. Soda-lime glass is frequently used in commercial production of CdTe, but the low strain point (similar to 515 degrees C) requires deposition temperatures of 550 degrees C or below. While the CdTe industry has enjoyed great success with material grown at these relatively low temperatures, there may be significant benefits to higher deposition temperatures enabled by a high strain point glass. To demonstrate the efficiency benefits of a CdTe cell fabricated at higher deposition temperatures, it is necessary to re-optimize the device fabrication process steps for devices made with CdTe films at each deposition temperature. Using Corning, Inc.'s new engineered high-strain-point glass superstrate, we developed a fabrication process optimized for CdTe films deposited at 550 degrees and 600 degrees C. Here, we report details of the fabrication processes that resulted in an absolute efficiency gain of 1.2% for devices fabricated with 600 degrees C CdTe deposition temperature versus 550 degrees C.
C1 [Barnes, Teresa M.; Burst, James; Reese, Matthew O.; Rance, Will; Gessert, Tim] NREL, Golden, CO USA.
[Zhang, Kan; Hamilton, Chuck T.; Fuller, Kim M.; Aitken, Bruce; Williams, Carlo Kosik] Corning Inc, Corning, NY USA.
RP Barnes, TM (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO USA.
FU DOE; NREL Core Science and Technologies activities [DE-AC36-08-GO28308];
National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Corning Incorporated
FX This work was supported by the DOE SunShot Program funding of the NREL
Core Science and Technologies activities under Contract No.
DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Funding for this work was provided by Corning Incorporated. We also
thank Evans Analytical Group for the SEM images.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3220
EP 3224
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803112
ER
PT J
AU Duenow, JN
Dhere, RG
Kuciauskas, D
Li, JV
Pankow, JW
Dippo, PC
DeHart, CM
Gessert, TA
AF Duenow, Joel N.
Dhere, Ramesh G.
Kuciauskas, Darius
Li, Jian V.
Pankow, Joel W.
Dippo, Patricia C.
DeHart, Clay M.
Gessert, Timothy A.
GP IEEE
TI Oxygen Incorporation During Fabrication of Substrate CdTe Photovoltaic
Devices
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic cells; cadmium compounds; current-voltage characteristics;
heterojunctions; II-VI semiconductor materials; solar energy; thin film
devices
ID CDS/CDTE SOLAR-CELLS
AB Recently, CdTe photovoltaic (PV) devices fabricated in the nonstandard substrate configuration have attracted increasing interest because of their potential compatibility with flexible substrates such as metal foils and polymer films. This compatibility could lead to the suitability of CdTe for roll-to-roll processing and building-integrated PV. Currently, however, the efficiencies of substrate CdTe devices reported in the literature are significantly lower (similar to 6%-8%) than those of high-performance superstrate devices (similar to 17%) because of significantly lower open-circuit voltage (V-oc) and fill factor (FF). In our recent device development efforts, we have found that processing parameters required to fabricate high-efficiency substrate CdTe PV devices differ from those necessary for traditional superstrate CdTe devices. Here, we investigate how oxygen incorporation in the CdTe deposition, CdCl2 heat treatment, CdS deposition, and post-deposition heat treatment affect device characteristics through their effects on the junction. By adjusting whether oxygen is incorporated during these processing steps, we have achieved V-oc values greater than 860 mV and efficiencies greater than 10%.
C1 [Duenow, Joel N.; Dhere, Ramesh G.; Kuciauskas, Darius; Li, Jian V.; Pankow, Joel W.; Dippo, Patricia C.; DeHart, Clay M.; Gessert, Timothy A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Duenow, JN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016
NR 6
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3225
EP 3229
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803113
ER
PT J
AU Goodrich, A
Woodhouse, M
Hacke, P
AF Goodrich, Alan
Woodhouse, Michael
Hacke, Peter
GP IEEE
TI The Value Proposition for High Lifetime (p-type) and Thin Silicon
Materials in Solar PV Applications
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE monocrystalline silicon; manufacturing cost; bulk lifetime; Czochralski
process
AB Most silicon PV road maps forecast a continued reduction in wafer thickness, despite rapid declines in the primary incentive for doing so - polysilicon feedstock price. Another common feature of most silicon-technology forecasts is the quest for ever-higher device performance at the lowest possible costs.
The authors present data from device-performance and manufacturing- and system-installation cost models to quantitatively establish the incentives for manufacturers to pursue advanced (thin) wafer and (high efficiency) cell technologies, in an age of reduced feedstock prices. This analysis exhaustively considers the value proposition for high lifetime (p-type) silicon materials across the entire c-Si PV supply chain.
C1 [Goodrich, Alan; Woodhouse, Michael; Hacke, Peter] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Goodrich, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3238
EP 3241
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803116
ER
PT J
AU Sengupta, M
Gotseff, P
Myers, D
Stoffel, T
AF Sengupta, Manajit
Gotseff, Peter
Myers, Daryl
Stoffel, Thomas
GP IEEE
TI Performance Testing using Silicon Devices - Analysis of Accuracy
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE spectral response; photdiodes; pyranometer; direct normal irradiance;
global horizontal irradiance
AB Accurately determining PV module performance in the field requires accurate measurements of solar irradiance reaching the PV panel (i.e., Plane-of-Array - POA Irradiance) with known measurement uncertainty. Pyranometers are commonly based on thermopile or silicon photodiode detectors. Silicon detectors, including PV reference cells, are an attractive choice for reasons that include faster time response (10 microseconds (mu s)) than thermopile detectors (1 s to 5 s) and lower cost and maintenance. The main drawback of silicon detectors is their limited spectral response. Therefore, to determine broadband POA solar irradiance, a pyranometer calibration factor that converts the narrowband response to broadband is required. Normally, this calibration factor is a single number determined under clear-sky conditions with respect to a broadband reference radiometer. The pyranometer is then used for various scenarios including varying airmass, panel orientation, and atmospheric conditions. This would not be an issue if all irradiance wavelengths that form the broadband spectrum responded uniformly to atmospheric constituents. Unfortunately, the scattering and absorption signature varies widely with wavelength and the calibration factor for the silicon photodiode pyranometer is not appropriate for other conditions. This paper reviews the issues that will arise from the use of silicon detectors for PV performance measurement in the field based on measurements from a group of pyranometers mounted on a 1-axis solar tracker. We also present a comparison of simultaneous spectral and broadband measurements from silicon and thermopile detectors and estimated measurement errors when using silicon devices for both array performance and resource assessment.
C1 [Sengupta, Manajit; Gotseff, Peter; Myers, Daryl; Stoffel, Thomas] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3290
EP 3293
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803127
ER
PT J
AU Romero, MJ
Repins, I
Teeter, G
Contreras, MA
Al-Jassim, M
Noufi, R
AF Romero, Manuel J.
Repins, Ingrid
Teeter, Glenn
Contreras, Miguel A.
Al-Jassim, Mowafak
Noufi, Rommel
GP IEEE
TI A Comparative Study of the Defect Point Physics and Luminescence of the
Kesterites Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se-2
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE chalcopyrite; kesterite; thin film; cathodoluminescence
ID THIN-FILMS; CUINSE2; SEMICONDUCTOR; PHOTOVOLTAICS
AB In this contribution, we present a comparative study of the luminescence of the kesterites Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and their related chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 (CIGSe). Luminescence spectroscopy suggests that the electronic properties of Zn-rich, Cu-poor kesterites (both CZTS and CZTSe) and Cu-poor CIGSe are dictated by fluctuations of the electrostatic and chemical potentials. The large redshift in the luminescence of grain boundaries in CIGSe, associated with the formation of a neutral barrier is clearly observed in CZTSe, and, to some extent, in CZTS. Kesterites can therefore replicate the fundamental electronic properties of CIGSe.
C1 [Romero, Manuel J.; Repins, Ingrid; Teeter, Glenn; Contreras, Miguel A.; Al-Jassim, Mowafak; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Romero, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 15
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3349
EP 3353
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803139
ER
PT J
AU Jiang, CS
Li, ZG
Moutinho, HR
Liang, L
Ionkin, A
Al-Jassim, MM
AF Jiang, C. -S.
Li, Z. G.
Moutinho, H. R.
Liang, L.
Ionkin, A.
Al-Jassim, M. M.
GP IEEE
TI The Effect of Front-Side Silver Metallization on Underlying n(+)-p
Junction in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Crystalline Si; solar cell; silver metallization; p-n junction; scanning
Kelvin probe force microscopy; scanning capacitance microscopy
ID MICROSCOPY; CONTACTS
AB We report on the effect of front-side Ag metallization on the underlying n(+)-p junction of multicrystalline Si solar cells. The junction quality beneath the contacts was investigated by characterizing the uniformities of the electrostatic potential and doping concentration across the junction, using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and scanning capacitance microscopy. We investigated cells with a commercial Ag paste (DuPont PV159) and fired at furnace setting temperatures of 800 degrees, 840 degrees, and 930 degrees C, which results in actual cell temperatures similar to 100 degrees C lower than the setting temperature and the three cells being under-, optimal-, and over-fired. We found that the uniformity of the junction beneath the Ag contact was significantly degraded by the over-firing, whereas the junction retained good uniformity with the optimal- and under- fire temperatures. Further, Ag crystallites with widely distributed sizes from <100 nm to several mu m were found at the Ag/Si interface of the over-fired cell. Large crystallites were imaged as protrusions into Si deeper than the junction depth. However, the junction was not broken down; instead, it was reformed on the entire front of the crystaliite/Si interface. We propose a mechanism of the junction-quality degradation, based on emitter Si melting at the temperature around the Ag-Si eutectic point during firing, and subsequent recrystallization with incorporation of impurities in the Ag paste and with formation of crystallographic defects during quenching.
C1 [Jiang, C. -S.; Moutinho, H. R.; Al-Jassim, M. M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Jiang, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3365
EP 3370
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803142
ER
PT J
AU Marion, B
AF Marion, Bill
GP IEEE
TI Influence of Atmospheric Variations on Photovoltaic Performance and
Modeling Their Effects for Days with Clear Skies
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
AB Although variation in photovoltaic (PV) performance is predominantly influenced by clouds, performance variations also exist for days with clear skies with different amounts of atmospheric constituents that absorb and reflect different amounts of radiation as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere. The extent of the attenuation is determined by the mass of air and the amounts of water vapor, aerosols, and ozone that constitute the atmosphere for a particular day and location.
Because these constituents selectively absorb radiation of particular wavelengths, their impact on PV performance is sensitive to the spectral response of the PV device. The impact may be assessed by calculating the spectral mismatch correction. This approach was validated using PV module performance data at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for summer, fall, and winter days with clear skies. The standard deviations of daily efficiencies for single-crystal Si, a-Si/a-Si/a-Si:Ge, CdTe, and CIGS PV modules were reduced to 0.4% to 1.0% (relative) by correcting for spectral mismatch, temperature, and angle-of-incidence effects.
C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Marion, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 7
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
BP 3402
EP 3407
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917803149
ER
PT J
AU Burst, JM
Rance, WL
Barnes, TM
Reese, MO
Li, JV
Kuciauskas, D
Steiner, MA
Gessert, TA
Zhang, K
Hamilton, CT
Fuller, KM
Aitken, BG
Williams, CAK
AF Burst, J. M.
Rance, W. L.
Barnes, T. M.
Reese, M. O.
Li, J. V.
Kuciauskas, D.
Steiner, M. A.
Gessert, T. A.
Zhang, K.
Hamilton, C. T.
Fuller, K. M.
Aitken, B. G.
Williams, C. A. Kosik
GP IEEE
TI The Effect of CdTe Growth Temperature and ZnTe:Cu Contacting Conditions
on CdTe Device Performance
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
ID SOLAR-CELLS
AB CdTe device performance is strongly dependent on the quality of the back contact and the ability of the back contact to introduce a copper doping profile in the CdTe layer itself. Copper-doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cu) is a nearly ideal contact material for CdTe solar cells due to its work function and ability to source copper to CdTe. Most of the ZnTe: Cu studies in the past used CdTe grown at relatively low deposition temperatures (550 degrees C and below). Here we investigate the use of ZnTe: Cu as a back contact for CdTe grown at temperatures up to 620 degrees C. We observe a strong interplay between the CdTe absorber deposition conditions and optimized ZnTe: Cu contacting conditions. Device JV characteristics suggest that CdTe solar cells with absorber layers deposited by close-space sublimation (CSS) at high temperature, 600-620 degrees C, are more robust to the back contact Cu doping level and contacting temperature than CdTe grown at lower temperatures. The implication for industrial processes is a similar to 1% absolute increase in device efficiency for devices in which the CdTe is deposited on PV glass at high temperature. Perhaps more importantly, this increased performance is maintained for a larger window of temperature and doping level of the ZnTe: Cu back contact. For devices with CdTe absorbers deposited at 600 degrees C, device efficiency in excess of 13.5% is maintained for back contacts containing 2-5 wt.% Cu, and for contacting temperatures ranging from 300-360 degrees C. Red-light bias quantum efficiency (QE) and capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements are used to probe the effect of the introduced copper doping profiles and net acceptor density to better understand how ZnTe: Cu sources influences the resulting CdTe device.
C1 [Burst, J. M.; Rance, W. L.; Barnes, T. M.; Reese, M. O.; Li, J. V.; Kuciauskas, D.; Steiner, M. A.; Gessert, T. A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
[Zhang, K.; Hamilton, C. T.; Fuller, K. M.; Aitken, B. G.; Williams, C. A. Kosik] Corning Inc, Corning, NY USA.
RP Burst, JM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800044
ER
PT J
AU Chen, RY
Wagner, H
Dastgheib-Shirazi, A
Kessler, M
Zhu, ZH
Altermatt, PP
Dunham, ST
AF Chen, Renyu
Wagner, Hannes
Dastgheib-Shirazi, Amir
Kessler, Michael
Zhu, Zihua
Altermatt, Pietro P.
Dunham, Scott T.
GP IEEE
TI Understanding Coupled Oxide Growth and Phosphorus Diffusion in POCl3
Deposition for Control of Phosphorus Emitter Diffusion
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE phosphorus emitter diffusion; phosphosilicate glass; POCl3 deposition;
process modeling
ID SILICON
AB Effective control of diffused phosphorus profiles in crystalline silicon requires detailed understanding of the doping process. We analyze concentration profiles within the deposited phosphosilicate glass (PSG) for a range of POCl3 conditions and develop a model to account for the experimentally observed time dependence of PSG thickness and dose of phosphorus in Si. A simple linear-parabolic model cannot fully explain the kinetics of thickness and dose; while an improved growth model including oxygen dependence and dose saturation gives better fits to the experiments. We further couple the growth model with phosphorus diffusion and deactivation models in silicon and provide full modeling of the POCl3 doping process.
C1 [Chen, Renyu; Dunham, Scott T.] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Wagner, Hannes; Altermatt, Pietro P.] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Soild State Phys, Dept Solar Energy, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
[Dastgheib-Shirazi, Amir] Univ Konstanz, Dept Phys, Div Photovolta, D-78457 Constance, Germany.
[Kessler, Michael] ISFH, D-31860 Emmerthal, Germany.
[Zhu, Zihua] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Environm Molecular Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Chen, RY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RI Altermatt, Pietro/B-5363-2013
OI Altermatt, Pietro/0000-0002-0177-4935
FU Silicon Solar Consortium (SiSoC); EMSL; Department of Energy's Office of
Biological and Environmental Research
FX This work was partially funded by support from Silicon Solar Consortium
(SiSoC). A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a user
facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological
and Environmental Research.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800049
ER
PT J
AU Guthrey, H
Johnston, S
Yan, F
Gorman, B
Al-Jassim, M
AF Guthrey, Harvey
Johnston, Steve
Yan, Fei
Gorman, Brian
Al-Jassim, Mowafak
GP IEEE
TI Defect Band Luminescence Intensity Reversal as Related to Application of
Anti-Reflection Coating on mc-Si PV Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE defect luminescence; photoluminescence; silicon processing; silicon;
silicon nitride
ID SILICON SOLAR-CELLS; PASSIVATION
AB Photoluminescence (PL) imaging is widely used to identify defective regions within mc-Si PV cells. Recent PL imaging investigations of defect band luminescence (DBL) in mc-Si have revealed a perplexing phenomenon. Namely, the reversal of the DBL intensity in various regions of mc-Si PV material upon the application of a SiNx:H anti-reflective coating (ARC). Regions with low DBL intensity before ARC application often exhibit high DBL intensity afterwards, and the converse is also true. PL imaging alone cannot explain this effect. We have used high resolution cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and electron beam induced current (EBIC) techniques to elucidate the origin of the DBL intensity reversal. Multiple sub-bandgap energy levels were identified that change in peak position and intensity upon the application of the ARC. Using this data, in addition to EBIC contrast information, we provide an explanation for the DBL intensity reversal based on the interaction of the detected energy levels with the SiN,: H ARC application. Multiple investigations have suggested that this is a global problem for mc-Si PV cells. Our results have the potential to provide mc-Si PV producers a pathway to increased efficiencies through defect mitigation strategies.
C1 [Guthrey, Harvey; Gorman, Brian] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Guthrey, Harvey; Johnston, Steve; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Yan, Fei] Current Affiliat, Appl Mat, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Guthrey, H (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800052
ER
PT J
AU Hambrick, J
Narang, D
AF Hambrick, Joshua
Narang, David
GP IEEE
TI High-Penetration PV Deployment in the Arizona Public Service System,
Phase 1 Update
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photovoltaic power systems; SCADA systems; data acquisition
AB In an effort to better understand the impacts of high penetrations of photovoltaic generators on distribution systems, Arizona Public Service and its partners have begun work on a multi-year project to develop the tools and knowledgebase needed to safely and reliably integrate high penetrations of utility- and residential-scale photovoltaics (PV). Building upon the APS Community Power Project - Flagstaff Pilot, this project will analyze the impact of PV on a representative feeder in northeast Flagstaff. To quantify and catalog the effects of the estimated 1.3 MW of PV that will be installed on the feeder (both smaller units at homes as well as large, centrally located systems), high-speed weather and electrical data acquisition systems and digital "smart" meters are being designed and installed to facilitate monitoring and to build and validate comprehensive, high-resolution models of the distribution system. These models will be used to analyze the impacts of the PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/var control schemes.
This paper continues from a paper presented at the 2011 IEEE PVSC conference that introduces the project and describes some of the preliminary consideration, as well as project plans and early results. This paper gives a status update of the project and presents selected results from Phase 2 of the project. It discusses baseline feeder modeling, load allocation, data acquisition, utility-scale PV integration, preliminary model validation, and plans for future phases.
C1 [Hambrick, Joshua] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
[Narang, David] Arizona Publ Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA.
RP Hambrick, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0004679]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy
under Award Number DE-EE0004679. The authors would like to recognize
project partners Arizona State University, GE Global Research, GE
Energy, and ViaSol Energy Solutions for their significant contributions
to the project.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800001
ER
PT J
AU Horsley, K
Wilks, RG
Hanks, D
Pookpanratana, S
Blum, M
Yang, W
Paudel, N
Compaan, A
Bar, M
Weinhardt, L
Heske, C
AF Horsley, K.
Wilks, R. G.
Hanks, D.
Pookpanratana, S.
Blum, M.
Yang, W.
Paudel, N.
Compaan, A.
Baer, M.
Weinhardt, L.
Heske, C.
GP IEEE
TI Chemical Surface and Interface Properties of Differently Stressed
(Au/Cu/) CdTe/CdS Thin-film Solar Cell Structures
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE CdTe; chemical analysis; Copper compounds; interface states;
photovoltaic cells; surfaces; thermal stresses
ID BURIED INTERFACES
AB We have investigated the surface and near-surface bulk chemical properties of differently stressed (Au/Cu/) CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells. The employed Au/Cu contact design created unique samples in which both the back contact surface/interface and the (back) surface of the CdTe absorber were exposed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and soft x-ray emission spectroscopy were employed to determine the chemical composition of the surface and near-surface bulk of both the exposed CdTe surface and the Au/Cu back contact surface of each sample. Sulfur is observed to have migrated (from the CdS) into the CdTe bulk, forming Au2S and Cu2-xS compounds under the back contact. Chlorine is found at the surface and in the near-surface bulk of both the back contact and the exposed CdTe absorber. Under the back contact, Cl is observed to form Cu-Cl bonds only in the samples that were heat stressed under AM 1.5 illumination.
C1 [Horsley, K.; Hanks, D.; Pookpanratana, S.; Blum, M.; Baer, M.; Weinhardt, L.; Heske, C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
[Wilks, R. G.; Baer, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Engn GmbH, Solar Energy Res, 14109 Berlin, Germany.
[Blum, M.; Yang, W.] ALS, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Paudel, N.; Compaan, A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA.
[Baer, M.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Inst Phys & Chem, 03046 Cottbus, Germany.
[Weinhardt, L.; Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Synchrotron Radiat, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Heske, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Chem Technol & Polymer Chem, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Horsley, K (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013; Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011
OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063
FU DOE-SAI University; University of Toledo [VH-NG-423]; Department of
Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC0205CH11231]
FX Funding for this project was provided by the DOE-SAI University
Photovoltaic Process and Product Development program through the
University of Toledo. R.G. Wilks and M. Bar are grateful to the
Helmholtz-Association (VH-NG-423) for funding support. The ALS is
supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Contract
No. DEAC0205CH11231.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
AR UNSP 000400
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800089
ER
PT J
AU Hsu, WC
Repins, I
Beall, C
Teeter, G
DeHart, C
To, B
Yang, Y
Noufi, R
AF Hsu, Wan-Ching
Repins, Ingrid
Beall, Carolyn
Teeter, Glenn
DeHart, Clay
To, Bobby
Yang, Yang
Noufi, Rommel
GP IEEE
TI Growth Kinetics during Kesterite Coevaporation
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Thin film; CZTS; kesterite; coevaporation; solar cells
ID SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY; FILMS
AB Kesterite solar cells have been considered as earth-abundant substitute to chalcopyrites. NREL's 9.2% co-evaporated kesterite solar cell is inspired by the copper-rich growth of co-evaporated chalcopyrites. The excess CuxSey is believed to conduct liquid-phase assisted grain growth and hence improves the device performance. The effect of the deposition sequence on film growth, morphology, and device performance, are explored in this study. At high deposition temperature, the expected binary precursors of Cu2ZnSnSe4 include CuxSey and ZnSe but not SnSex. Because SnSex is volatile, the sticking of Sn occurs only if the adsorbed Sn encounters CuxSey and ZnSe and the formation of kesterite takes place. Otherwise, SnSex will be re-evaporated. Here we designed deposition recipes to create precursor films with different ratio between ZnSe/CuxSey/as-formed kesterite in the first stage, and end the deposition with the same end-point composition. First, it is of interest if the existence of CuxSey phase provides the opportunity of grain growth analogous to co-evaporating CIGS. Second, by observing the evolution of the substrate temperature during deposition, the reaction progression may be better realized. Third, this series of depositions with different sequence also tells us the saturated Zn level relative to Cu and Sn, and where the excess portion of Zn stays in the film. Finally, the device performance above 9% is briefly presented
C1 [Hsu, Wan-Ching; Yang, Yang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Repins, Ingrid; Beall, Carolyn; Teeter, Glenn; To, Bobby; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Hsu, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800144
ER
PT J
AU Johnston, S
Yan, F
Zaunbrecher, K
Al-Jassim, M
Sidelkheir, O
Ounadjela, K
AF Johnston, Steve
Yan, Fei
Zaunbrecher, Katherine
Al-Jassim, Mowafak
Sidelkheir, Omar
Ounadjela, Kamel
GP IEEE
TI Quality Characterization of Silicon Bricks using Photoluminescence
Imaging and Photoconductive Decay
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE photoluminescence; imaging; infrared imaging; charge-carrier lifetime;
photoconductivity; photovoltaic cells; silicon; impurities
ID CONTACTLESS MEASUREMENT; LIFETIME
AB Imaging techniques can be applied to multicrystalline silicon solar cells throughout the production process, which includes as early as when the bricks are cut from the cast ingot. Photoluminescence (PL) imaging of the band-to-band radiative recombination is used to characterize silicon quality and defects regions within the brick. PL images of the brick surfaces are compared to minority-carrier lifetimes measured by resonant-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD). RCPCD is a transient photoconductive decay technique that monitors the recombination of excess carriers using a frequency of about 420 MHz. Carriers are excited by nanosecond laser pulses of long-wavelength light in the range of 1150 nm. The low frequency and long penetration depth of light promote measurement of carriers away from the surface such that lifetimes of up to 100 mu s are measured in upgraded-metallurgical-grade silicon, and up to 200 mu s in electronic-grade silicon bricks. PL intensity shows correlation to lifetime in addition to the valuable spatial information from top to bottom of the brick and defect regions throughout the brick.
C1 [Johnston, Steve; Yan, Fei; Zaunbrecher, Katherine; Al-Jassim, Mowafak] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Zaunbrecher, Katherine] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA.
[Sidelkheir, Omar; Ounadjela, Kamel] Calisolar, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.
RP Johnston, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver W Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy
Laboratory; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and
with support from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
AR UNSP 000406
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800090
ER
PT J
AU Lofaro, R
Villaran, M
Colli, A
AF Lofaro, Robert
Villaran, Michael
Colli, Alessandra
GP IEEE
TI Advancing the Deployment of Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Plants in the
Northeast
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Grid integration; utility-scale photovoltaic; monitoring; performance;
reliability; deployment
AB As one of the premier research laboratories operated by the Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is pursuing an energy research agenda that focuses on renewable energy systems and will help to secure the nation's energy security. A key element of the BNL research is the advancement of grid-connected utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) plants, particularly in the northeastern part of the country where BNL is located. While a great deal of information has been generated regarding solar PV systems located in mostly sunny, hot, arid climates of the southwest US, very little data is available to characterize the performance of these systems in the cool, humid, frequently overcast climates experienced in the northeastern portion of the country. Recognizing that there is both a need and a market for solar PV generation in the northeast, BNL is pursuing research that will advance the deployment of this important renewable energy resource. BNL's research will leverage access to unique time-resolved data sets from the 37MWp solar array recently developed on its campus. In addition, BNL is developing a separate 1MWp solar research array on its campus that will allow field testing of new PV system technologies, including solar modules and balance of plant equipment, such as inverters, energy storage devices, and control platforms. These research capabilities will form the cornerstone of the new Northeast Solar Energy Research Center (NSERC) being developed at BNL. In this paper, an overview of BNL's energy research agenda is given, along with a description of the 37MWp solar array and the NSERC.
C1 [Lofaro, Robert; Villaran, Michael; Colli, Alessandra] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Lofaro, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800130
ER
PT J
AU McCuskey, T
Nelson, BP
AF McCuskey, Troy
Nelson, Brent P.
GP IEEE
TI Managing EHS of PV-Related Equipment at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Environment, safety, and health (ESH); NREL; management; codes;
standards; hazardous production materials; operations
AB Managing environment, health, and safety (EHS) risks at a national laboratory, or university, can be intimidating to a researcher who is focused on research results. Laboratory research and development (R&D) operations are often driven by scientists with limited engineering support and lack well-refined equipment development resources. To add to the burden for a researcher, there is a plethora of codes, standards, and regulations that govern the safe installation and operation of photovoltaic-related R&D equipment-especially those involving hazardous production materials. To help guide the researcher through the vast list of requirements, the EHS office at NREL has taken a variety of steps. Organizationally, the office has developed hazard-specific laboratory-level procedures to govern particular activities. These procedures are a distillation of appropriate international codes, fire agencies, SEMI standards, U.S. Department of Energy orders, and other industry standards to those necessary and sufficient to govern the safe operation of a given activity. The EHS office works proactively with researchers after a concept for a new R&D capability is conceived to help guide the safe design, acquisition, installation, and operation of the equipment. It starts with a safety assessment at the early stages such that requirements are implemented to determine the level of risk and degree of complexity presented by the activity so appropriate controls can be put in place to manage the risk. As the equipment requirements and design are refined, appropriate equipment standards are applied. Before the "to-build" specifications are finalized, a process hazard analysis is performed to ensure that no single-point failure presents an unacceptable risk. Finally, as the tool goes through construction and installation stages, reviews are performed at logical times to ensure that the requisite engineering controls and design are in place and operational. Authorization to operate is not given until adherence to these requirements is fully verified and documented. Operations continue under the conditions defined through this process and are reviewed with changing processes.
C1 [McCuskey, Troy; Nelson, Brent P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP McCuskey, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800135
ER
PT J
AU Muller, M
Marion, B
Rodriguez, J
AF Muller, Matthew
Marion, Bill
Rodriguez, Jose
GP IEEE
TI Evaluating the IEC 61215 Ed.3 NMOT Procedure Against the Existing NOCT
Procedure with PV Modules in a Side-by-Side Configuration
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE Nominal operating cell temperature; module temperature; PV temperature
modeling; IEC
ID OPERATING TEMPERATURE; PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES
AB Nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) is a simple parameter to distinguish the thermal performance of one PV module design from another. Recently, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) participated in NOCT round-robin testing designed to quantify the reproducibility of NOCT values between eight different test laboratories. This work expands on the round-robin testing by further examining NOCT results produced at NREL. Heat transfer modeling suggests that similarly constructed/packaged modules should not have the widely varying NOCT values that are publicly reported. In order to test this premise, a side-by-side NOCT comparison is presented for three glass/silicon/plastic modules that represent the extreme range of reported NOCT values. A glass/silicon/glass module is also included in the side-by-side comparison to gauge the impact of changing a packaging parameter. Working group 2 of the International Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committee 82 has recently drafted a replacement for NOCT that is titled "Nominal Module Operating Temperature" (NMOT). With this change in progress, NREL data are also used to compare NOCT to NMOT.
C1 [Muller, Matthew; Marion, Bill; Rodriguez, Jose] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Muller, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800150
ER
PT J
AU Quiroz, J
Reno, M
AF Quiroz, Jimmy
Reno, Matthew
GP IEEE
TI Detailed Grid Integration Analysis of Distributed PV
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE distributed power generation; photovoltaic systems; power distribution;
power system interconnection; power system modeling; power system
planning; power system simulation; solar power generation
AB This paper shows examples of detailed PV grid integration analysis performed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) on two separate distribution feeders with two different simulated PV deployments for each. Through the use of advanced modeling tools and techniques, examples of time-series detailed feeder modeling are presented. Feeders in Utah and Georgia with simulated 100% PV penetration, either central or distributed, were studied. The analysis approach of each deployment type and location on the feeder is described, as well as the use of advanced PV output estimations for modeling maximum solar variability. Comparisons of the performance measured for each feeder, including maximum steady-state voltage and voltage regulation equipment operations, are shown. Impact results from the analyses are described, as well as any potential mitigations. Future analysis aspects are discussed in relation to the detailed study findings thus far.
C1 [Quiroz, Jimmy] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Reno, Matthew] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Quiroz, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Portions of
this study were performed in collaboration with the Electric Power
Research Institute (EPRI), as part of a Cooperative Research and
Development Agreement (CRADA)
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800128
ER
PT J
AU Sengupta, M
Keller, J
AF Sengupta, Manajit
Keller, Jamie
GP IEEE
TI PV Ramping in a Distributed Generation Environment: A Study Using Solar
Measurements
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE distributed generation; solar irradiance; PV variability; ramp rates
AB Variability in Photovoltaic (PV) generation resulting from variability in the solar radiation over the PV arrays is a topic of continuing concern for those involved with integrating renewables onto existing electrical grids. The island of Lanai, Hawaii is an extreme example of the challenges that integrators will face due to the fact that it is a small standalone grid. One way to study this problem is to take high-resolution solar measurements in multiple locations and model simultaneous PV production for various sizes at those locations. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) collected high-resolution solar data at four locations on the island where proposed PV plants will be deployed in the near future (Fig. 1). This data set provides unique insight into how the solar radiation may vary between points that are proximal in distance, but diverse in weather, due to the formation of orographic clouds in the center of the island. Using information about each proposed PV plant size, power output was created at high resolution. The team analyzed this output to understand power production ramps at individual locations and the effects of aggregating the production from all four locations. Hawaii is a unique environment, with extremely variable events occurring on a daily basis. This study provided an excellent opportunity for understanding potential worst-case scenarios for PV ramping. This paper provides an introduction to the datasets that NREL collected over a year and a comprehensive analysis of PV variability in a distributed generation scenario.
C1 [Sengupta, Manajit; Keller, Jamie] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Sengupta, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800126
ER
PT J
AU Tanaka, T
Mochinaga, T
Saito, K
Guo, Q
Nishio, M
Yu, KM
Walukiewicz, W
AF Tanaka, T.
Mochinaga, T.
Saito, K.
Guo, Q.
Nishio, M.
Yu, K. M.
Walukiewicz, W.
GP IEEE
TI Synthesis and Optical Properties of ZnTe1-xOx Highly Mismatched Alloys
for Intermediate Band Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE highly mismatched alloys; ZnTeO; intermediate band solar cells
ID EFFICIENCY
AB Highly mismatched ZnTe1-xOx (ZnTeO) alloys have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that a single-phase ZnTeO layer were grown with a substitutional 0 composition x up to 1.34% on ZnTe(001) substrate in this experiments. Optical transitions associated with the lower (K) and upper (E+) conduction subbands resulting from the anticrossing interaction between the localized 0 states and the extended conduction states of ZnTe were clearly observed, and the dependence of the energy position of these bands on the 0 composition was consistent with the band anticrossing model. T he photovoltaic activities of solar cells using ZnTeO layers are also reported.
C1 [Tanaka, T.; Mochinaga, T.; Saito, K.; Guo, Q.; Nishio, M.] Saga Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Saga 8408502, Japan.
[Tanaka, T.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan.
[Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Tanaka, T (reprint author), Saga Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Saga 8408502, Japan.
FU JST PRESTO program; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CHl1231]
FX This work is partially supported by the JST PRESTO program. Work
performed at LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering
Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-
05CHl1231.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800025
ER
PT J
AU Wei, SH
Xu, Q
Huang, B
Zhao, YF
Yan, YF
Noufi, R
AF Wei, Su-Huai
Xu, Qiang
Huang, Bing
Zhao, Yufeng
Yan, Yanfa
Noufi, Rommel
GP IEEE
TI Stability and Electronic Structures of CuxS Solar Cell Absorbers
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE CuxS; stability; band structure; absorber; first-principles method;
chalcocite; anilite; Cu vacancies
AB CuxS is one of the most promising solar cell absorber materials that has the potential to replace the leading thin-film solar cell material Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 for high efficiency and low cost. In the past, solar cells based on CuxS have reached efficiency as high as 10%, but it also suffers serious stability issues. To further improve its efficiency and especially the stability, it is important to understand the stability and electronic structure of CuxS. However, due to the complexity of their crystal structures, no systematic theoretical studies have been carried out to understand the stability and electronic structure of the CuxS systems. In this work, using first-principles method, we have systematically studied the crystal and electronic band structures of CuxS (1.25 < x <= 2). For Cu2S, we find that all the three chalcocite phases, i.e., the low-chalcocite, the high-chalcocite, and the cubic-chalcocite phases, have direct bandgaps around 1.3-1.5 eV, with the low-chalcocite being the most stable one. However, Cu vacancies can form spontaneously in these compounds, causing instability of Cu2S. We find that under Cu-rich condition, the anilite Cu1.75S is the most stable structure. It has a predicted bandgap of 1.4 eV and could be a promising solar cell absorber.
C1 [Wei, Su-Huai; Xu, Qiang; Huang, Bing; Zhao, Yufeng; Yan, Yanfa; Noufi, Rommel] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Huang, Bing/D-8941-2011
OI Huang, Bing/0000-0001-6735-4637
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 13
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 3
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800027
ER
PT J
AU Yuan, HC
Oh, J
Zhang, YC
Kuznetsov, OA
Flood, DJ
Branz, HM
AF Yuan, Hao-Chih
Oh, Jihun
Zhang, Yuanchang
Kuznetsov, Oleg A.
Flood, Dennis J.
Branz, Howard M.
GP IEEE
TI Antireflection and SiO2 Surface Passivation by Liquid-Phase Chemistry
for Efficient Black Silicon Solar Cells
SO 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)
CY JUN 03-08, 2012
CL Austin, TX
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy
DE black silicon; metal-assisted porous silicon etching; antireflection;
liquid-phase deposition; surface passivation; photovoltaic cells
AB We report solar cells with both black Si antireflection and SiO2 surface passivation provided by inexpensive liquid-phase chemistry, rather than by conventional vacuum-based techniques. The best cell efficiency from our first efforts was 16.4 %. Nanoporous black Si antireflection on crystalline Si by aqueous etching promises low surface reflection for high photon utilization, together with lower manufacturing cost compared to vacuum-based antireflection coating. Ag-nanoparticle-assisted black Si etching and post-etching chemical treatment recently developed at NREL enables excellent control over the pore diameter and pore separation. Performance of black Si solar cells, including open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and blue response, has benefited from these improvements. Prior to this study, our black Si solar cells were all passivated by thermal SiO2 produced in a tube furnace. Although this passivation is effective, it is not ideal for ultra-low-cost manufacturing. In this study, we report, for the first time, the integration of black Si with a proprietary liquid-phase deposition (LPD) passivation from Natcore Technology. The Natcore LPD forms a layer of < 10-nm SiO2 on top of the black Si surface in a relatively mild chemical bath at room temperature. We demonstrate black Si solar cells with LPD SiO2 with a spectrum-weighted average reflection lower than 5 %, similar to the more costly thermally grown SiO2 approach. However, LPD SiO2 provides somewhat better surface-passivation quality according to the lifetime analysis by the photo-conductivity decay measurement. Moreover, black Si solar cells with LPD SiO2 passivation exhibit higher spectral response at short wavelength compared to those passivated by thermally grown SiO2. With further optimization, the combination of aqueous black Si etching and LPD could provide a pathway for low-cost, high-efficiency crystalline Si solar cells.
C1 [Yuan, Hao-Chih; Oh, Jihun; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Zhang, Yuanchang; Kuznetsov, Oleg A.; Flood, Dennis J.] Natcore Technol, Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA.
RP Yuan, HC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
FU DOE American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Photovoltaic Supply
Chain and Crosscutting Technologies
FX We thank NREL scientist Anna Duda for metal deposition, and Dr. Fatima
Toor and Matthew R. Page of NREL for many helpful discussions. This work
was supported by a DOE American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
Photovoltaic Supply Chain and Crosscutting Technologies grant.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 10
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0066-7
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics
GA BCD90
UT WOS:000309917800147
ER
PT S
AU Weber, AZ
Balasubramanian, S
Das, PK
AF Weber, Adam Z.
Balasubramanian, Sivagaminathan
Das, Prodip K.
BE Sundmacher, K
TI Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING: FUEL CELL ENGINEERING, VOL 41
SE Advances in Chemical Engineering
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION;
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROGEN OXIDATION;
KINETIC-EQUATION; WATER TRANSPORT; CATALYST LAYERS; DIFFUSION-MEDIA;
SURFACE-AREA
AB Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells are promising devices for a variety of energy-conversion technologies. However, they have limited market penetration due to their high cost, which stems from the need to balance durability, performance, and materials. To understand and quantify these complex interactions, detailed mathematical modeling of the underlying physical phenomena is an ideal tool to describe the multiphysics. Similarly, to control the overall operation of the cell requires detailed mathematical models. In this chapter, we describe how one can model the dominant interactions and phenomena within a cell. These interactions involve several simultaneous processes including ionic resistance, gas- and liquid-phase transport, and catalytic reactions. To design and control fuel cells for efficient operation, an understanding of the interdependence of these processes across the layers of diffusion media, catalyst, and membrane is necessary, and the phenomena within each layer will be described in this chapter. In addition, current issues in the modeling of fuel cells including optimization of transport phenomena and multiphase flow, durability, and electrode structure will be introduced. The mathematical techniques and descriptions discussed in this chapter will aid scientists and engineers in understanding and designing fuel cells for various operating scenarios.
C1 [Weber, Adam Z.; Balasubramanian, Sivagaminathan; Das, Prodip K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Weber, AZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM azweber@lbl.gov
OI Balasubramanian, Sivagaminathan/0000-0001-7509-2630; Weber,
Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624; Das, Prodip/0000-0001-9096-3721
NR 61
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0065-2377
BN 978-0-12-386875-6
J9 ADV CHEM ENG
PY 2012
VL 41
BP 65
EP 143
DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386874-9.00003-8
PG 79
WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical
SC Electrochemistry; Engineering
GA BCP85
UT WOS:000310980600003
ER
PT J
AU Verevkin, SP
Zaitsau, DH
Emel'yanenko, VN
Ralys, RV
Schick, C
Geppert-Rybczynska, M
Jayaraman, S
Maginn, EJ
AF Verevkin, Sergey P.
Zaitsau, Dzmitry H.
Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.
Ralys, Ricardas V.
Schick, Christoph
Geppert-Rybczynska, Monika
Jayaraman, Saivenkataraman
Maginn, Edward J.
TI Benchmark Values: Thermochemistry of the Ionic Liquid [C4Py][Cl]
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPORIZATION ENTHALPIES; CALORIMETRY
AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for the determination of the reaction enthalpy of the synthesis of the ionic liquid [C4Py][Cl] from pyridine and butyl chloride. A combination of DSC results with quantum chemical calculations presents an indirect technique to obtain enthalpy of vaporization of [C4Py][Cl]. In order to ascertain this indirect value, we used thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to derive enthalpy of vaporization directly from the isothermal mass-loss measurements. This new procedure was additionally validated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
C1 [Verevkin, Sergey P.; Zaitsau, Dzmitry H.; Emel'yanenko, Vladimir N.; Ralys, Ricardas V.] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
[Verevkin, Sergey P.; Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Fac Interdisciplinary Res, Dept Life Light & Matter, D-2500 Rostock 1, Germany.
[Schick, Christoph] Univ Rostock, Dept Phys, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
[Geppert-Rybczynska, Monika] Univ Silesia, Inst Chem, PL-40006 Katowice, Poland.
[Jayaraman, Saivenkataraman] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Maginn, Edward J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
RP Verevkin, SP (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Dept Phys Chem, D-18059 Rostock, Germany.
EM sergey.verevkin@uni-rostock.de
RI Maginn, Edward/F-7584-2014; Schick, Christoph/C-1154-2009; Zaitsau,
Dzmitry/E-5874-2016
OI Schick, Christoph/0000-0001-6736-5491;
FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP 1191]; US Air Force Office of
Scientific Research under AFOSR Award [FA9550-10-1-0244]
FX This work has been supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG) in
the frame of the priority program SPP 1191 'Ionic Liquids'. Additional
support was provided by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research
under AFOSR Award FA9550-10-1-0244.
NR 10
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 14
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 0004-9425
J9 AUST J CHEM
JI Aust. J. Chem.
PY 2012
VL 65
IS 11
BP 1487
EP 1490
DI 10.1071/CH12314
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 040YG
UT WOS:000311362100004
ER
PT J
AU Babrauskas, V
Lucas, D
Eisenberg, D
Singla, V
Dedeo, M
Blum, A
AF Babrauskas, Vytenis
Lucas, Donald
Eisenberg, David
Singla, Veena
Dedeo, Michel
Blum, Arlene
TI Flame retardants in building insulation: a case for re-evaluating
building codes
SO BUILDING RESEARCH AND INFORMATION
LA English
DT Article
DE building codes; fire safety; flame retardants; flammability; insulation;
public health; Steiner Tunnel; thermal barrier; toxicity
ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; HOUSE-DUST; EXPOSURE; FIREFIGHTERS; TOXICITY; PBDES;
SERUM; FATE; FLAMMABILITY; PLASTICIZERS
AB US building codes balance the consideration of hazards to public safety, health and general welfare. Current codes require foam plastic insulation materials to have both protection by a thermal barrier and compliance with Steiner Tunnel test requirements. The Steiner Tunnel test is met by adding flame-retardant chemicals to the foam. Studies demonstrate that the Steiner Tunnel test does not give reliable fire safety results for foam plastic insulations. Foams that meet the Steiner Tunnel test still pose a fire hazard if used without a code-mandated thermal barrier. Insulations protected by a thermal barrier are fire safe and the use of flame retardants does not provide any additional benefit. Evidence is examined of the health and ecological impacts from the added flame-retardant chemicals. Changing the building codes could prevent health and environmental harm from the toxicity of these substances without a reduction in fire safety. Plastic foam insulations that are protected by a thermal barrier should be exempted from the Steiner Tunnel test and the need to use flame retardants. This change would align US codes with code regulations in Sweden and Norway and ensure the fire safety as well as improve health and environmental impacts.
C1 [Babrauskas, Vytenis] Fire Sci & Technol Inc, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA.
[Lucas, Donald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Eisenberg, David] Dev Ctr Appropriate Technol, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA.
[Singla, Veena; Dedeo, Michel; Blum, Arlene] Green Sci Policy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA.
[Blum, Arlene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Babrauskas, V (reprint author), Fire Sci & Technol Inc, 9000-300th Pl SE, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA.
EM vytob@doctorfire.com; d_lucas@lbl.gov; strawnet@gmail.com;
veena@greensciencepolicy.org; michel@greensciencepolicy.org;
arlene@greensciencepolicy.org
FU Wallace Genetics Foundation; New York Community Trust; Fred Gellert
Family Foundation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
(NIEHS) [P42ES004705]
FX The authors thank Roland Weber, Laura Bartels, Mark Levine and Katie
McKinstry for their important contributions. This work was supported in
part by funding from Art Rosenfeld, Dan Emmett, Stephen Silberstein, the
Wallace Genetics Foundation, the New York Community Trust and the Fred
Gellert Family Foundation. Donald Lucas was supported by Award Number
P42ES004705 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
(NIEHS). The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the
authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the
NIEHS or National Institutes of Health (NIH).
NR 105
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 22
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0961-3218
J9 BUILD RES INF
JI Build. Res. Informat.
PY 2012
VL 40
IS 6
BP 738
EP 755
DI 10.1080/09613218.2012.744533
PG 18
WC Construction & Building Technology
SC Construction & Building Technology
GA 043OX
UT WOS:000311555000008
ER
PT J
AU Li, G
Liu, C
Lei, Y
Jin, RC
AF Li, Gao
Liu, Chao
Lei, Yu
Jin, Rongchao
TI Au-25 nanocluster-catalyzed Ullmann-type homocoupling reaction of aryl
iodides
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS; C-C; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS; GOLD
NANOPARTICLES; PHENYLBORONIC ACID; BOND FORMATION; CONVERSION;
STABILITY; COMPLEXES; OXIDATION
AB The Au-25(SR)(18)/CeO2 nanocluster catalyst showed high activity in the homocoupling of aryl iodides (e.g. up to 99.8% yield with iodobenzene) and excellent recyclability.
C1 [Li, Gao; Liu, Chao; Jin, Rongchao] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Lei, Yu] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Jin, RC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM rongchao@andrew.cmu.edu
RI Li, Gao/C-7527-2013;
OI Lei, Yu/0000-0002-4161-5568
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under AFOSR Award
[FA9550-11-1-9999, FA9550-11-1-0147]; NSF [CHE-0130903]
FX This work is financially support by the Air Force Office of Scientific
Research under AFOSR Award No. FA9550-11-1-9999 (FA9550-11-1-0147). NMR
instrumentation at CMU is partially supported by NSF (CHE-0130903).
NR 43
TC 51
Z9 51
U1 4
U2 88
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 98
BP 12005
EP 12007
DI 10.1039/c2cc34765b
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 039ZG
UT WOS:000311287100024
PM 23128357
ER
PT J
AU Wei, ZH
Sun, JM
Li, Y
Datye, AK
Wang, Y
AF Wei, Zhehao
Sun, Junming
Li, Yan
Datye, Abhaya K.
Wang, Yong
TI Bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen generation
SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID PREFERENTIAL CO OXIDATION; BIOMASS-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS;
PLATINUM-RHENIUM CATALYSTS; CARBON-SUPPORTED PLATINUM; GAS SHIFT
CATALYSTS; NI CATALYSTS; PT-RE; H-2-RICH STREAM; OXYGENATED
HYDROCARBONS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL
AB Research interest in bimetallic catalysts is mainly due to their tunable chemical/physical properties by a number of parameters like composition and morphostructure. In catalysis, numerous bimetallic catalysts have been shown to exhibit unique properties which are distinct from those of their monometallic counterparts. To meet the growing energy demand while mitigating the environmental concerns, numerous endeavors have been made to seek green and sustainable energy resources, among which hydrogen has been identified as the most promising one with bimetallic catalysts playing important roles. This tutorial review intends to summarize recent progress in bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen production, specifically focusing on that of reforming technologies as well as the relevant processes like water-gas shift (WGS) and CO preferential oxidation (PROX), and emphasizing on the fundamental understanding of the nature of catalytic sites responsible for generating high purity hydrogen and minimizing carbon monoxide formation. Meanwhile, some important synthesis and characterization methods of bimetallic catalysts developed so far are also summarized.
C1 [Wei, Zhehao; Sun, Junming; Li, Yan; Wang, Yong] Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
[Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Datye, Abhaya K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Datye, Abhaya K.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Sun, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
EM Junming.sun@wsu.edu; Yong.Wang@pnnl.gov
RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Sun, Junming/B-3019-2011; Wei,
Zhehao/L-2801-2013;
OI Sun, Junming/0000-0002-0071-9635; Wei, Zhehao/0000-0002-9670-4752;
Datye, Abhaya/0000-0002-7126-8659
FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division
of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences
FX We acknowledge the financial support from the US Department of Energy
(DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences, and Biosciences.
NR 88
TC 88
Z9 89
U1 19
U2 289
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0306-0012
J9 CHEM SOC REV
JI Chem. Soc. Rev.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 24
BP 7994
EP 8008
DI 10.1039/c2cs35201j
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 039XG
UT WOS:000311280800003
PM 23011345
ER
PT J
AU Gao, F
Goodman, DW
AF Gao, Feng
Goodman, D. Wayne
TI Pd-Au bimetallic catalysts: understanding alloy effects from planar
models and (supported) nanoparticles
SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID VINYL-ACETATE SYNTHESIS; NEAR-ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES; GOLD-PALLADIUM
CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SURFACE ALLOYS; CO OXIDATION;
ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; CROTYL ALCOHOL; IN-SITU; ADSORPTION
AB Pd-Au bimetallic catalysts often display enhanced catalytic activities and selectivities compared with Pd-alone catalysts. This enhancement is often caused by two alloy effects, i.e., ensemble and ligand effects. The ensemble effect is a dilution of surface Pd by Au. With increasing surface Au coverage, contiguous Pd ensembles disappear and isolated Pd ensembles form. For certain reactions, for example vinyl acetate synthesis, this effect is responsible for reaction rate enhancement via the formation of highly active surface sites, e. g., isolated Pd pairs. The disappearance of contiguous Pd ensembles also switches off side reactions catalyzed by these sites. This explains the selectivity increase of certain reactions, for example direct H2O2 synthesis. The ligand effects are electronic perturbation of Pd by Au. Via direct charge transfer or by affecting bond lengths, the ligand effects cause the Pd d band to be more filled, moving the d-band center away from the Fermi level. Both changes make Pd more "atomic like" therefore binding reactants and products more weakly. For certain reactions, this eliminates a so-called "self-poisoning" effect and enhances activity/selectivity.
C1 [Gao, Feng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Goodman, D. Wayne] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA.
RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM feng.gao@pnnl.gov
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Robert A. Welch
foundation [A-300]
FX F.G. and D. W. G. gratefully acknowledge the support for this work by
the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division
of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, and the Robert A.
Welch foundation (A-300). F. G. also thanks Dr C. H. F. Peden (PNNL) for
fruitful suggestions. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is
operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 60
TC 159
Z9 159
U1 34
U2 312
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0306-0012
EI 1460-4744
J9 CHEM SOC REV
JI Chem. Soc. Rev.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 24
BP 8009
EP 8020
DI 10.1039/c2cs35160a
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 039XG
UT WOS:000311280800004
PM 22824870
ER
PT J
AU Alonso, DM
Wettstein, SG
Dumesic, JA
AF Alonso, David Martin
Wettstein, Stephanie G.
Dumesic, James A.
TI Bimetallic catalysts for upgrading of biomass to fuels and chemicals
SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID WATER-GAS SHIFT; AMORPHOUS ALLOY CATALYSTS; LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION;
ION-EXCHANGE-RESIN; SUPPORTED PALLADIUM CATALYSTS; AEROBIC
GLUCOSE-OXIDATION; PT-SN CATALYSTS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; GLYCEROL
HYDROGENOLYSIS; GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
AB Research interest in biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals has increased significantly in the last decade as the necessity for a renewable source of carbon has become more evident. Accordingly, many different reactions and processes to convert biomass into high-value products and fuels have been proposed in the literature. Special attention has been given to the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, which does not compete with food sources and is widely available as a low cost feedstock. In this review, we start with a brief introduction on lignocellulose and the different chemical structures of its components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These three components allow for the production of different chemicals after fractionation. After a brief overview of the main reactions involved in biomass conversion, we focus on those where bimetallic catalysts are playing an important role. Although the reactions are similar for cellulose and hemicellulose, which contain C-6 and C-5 sugars, respectively, different products are obtained, and therefore, they have been reviewed separately. The third major fraction of lignocellulose that we address is lignin, which has significant challenges to overcome, as its structure makes catalytic processing more challenging. Bimetallic catalysts offer the possibility of enabling lignocellulosic processing to become a larger part of the biofuels and renewable chemical industry. This review summarizes recent results published in the literature for biomass upgrading reactions using bimetallic catalysts.
C1 [Alonso, David Martin; Wettstein, Stephanie G.; Dumesic, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Wettstein, Stephanie G.; Dumesic, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Dumesic, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM dumesic@engr.wisc.edu
FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DOE Office of Science BER
DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Surf-cat:
Catalysts for Production of JP-8 range molecules from Lignocellulosic
Biomass)
FX This work was funded in part by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research
Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). In addition, this
work was supported through funding from the Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (Surf-cat: Catalysts for Production of JP-8 range
molecules from Lignocellulosic Biomass). The views, opinions, and/or
findings contained in this article are those of the author and should
not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies,
either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency or the Department of Defense.
NR 235
TC 308
Z9 313
U1 76
U2 735
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0306-0012
J9 CHEM SOC REV
JI Chem. Soc. Rev.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 24
BP 8075
EP 8098
DI 10.1039/c2cs35188a
PG 24
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 039XG
UT WOS:000311280800009
PM 22872312
ER
PT J
AU Saito, T
Brown, RH
Hunt, MA
Pickel, DL
Pickel, JM
Messman, JM
Baker, FS
Keller, M
Naskar, AK
AF Saito, Tomonori
Brown, Rebecca H.
Hunt, Marcus A.
Pickel, Deanna L.
Pickel, Joseph M.
Messman, Jamie M.
Baker, Frederick S.
Keller, Martin
Naskar, Amit K.
TI Turning renewable resources into value-added polymer: development of
lignin-based thermoplastic
SO GREEN CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEQUENTIAL SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; POLYURETHANE FILM PROPERTIES; STRUCTURE
PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; FRACTIONATED ORGANOSOLV LIGNINS; ENGINEERING
PLASTICS; MULTIPHASE MATERIALS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ALCELL(R) LIGNIN;
HYDROXYPROPYL LIGNIN; KRAFT LIGNIN
AB Productive uses of lignin, the third most abundant natural polymer, have been sought for decades. One especially attractive possibility is that of developing value-added products including thermoplastics based on lignin. This possibility warrants special attention due to growth of the modern biofuel industries. However, the polydisperse molecular weight and hyper-branched structure of lignin has hindered the creation of high-performance biopolymers. Here, we report the preparation and characterization of novel lignin-based, partially carbon-neutral thermoplastics. We first altered the molecular weight of lignin, either by fractionation with methanol, or by formaldehyde crosslinking. Crosslinking of lignin increases the molecular weight, exhibiting M-n = 31000 g mol(-1), whereas that of as-received lignin is 1840 g mol(-1). Tuning the molecular weight of lignin enabled successful preparation of novel lignin-derived thermoplastics, when coupled with telechelic polybutadiene soft-segments at proper feed ratios. Characteristic to thermoplastic rubbers, free-standing films of the resulting copolymers exhibit two-phase morphology and associated relaxations in the dynamic mechanical loss spectrum. To the best of our knowledge this article is the first report to demonstrate phase immiscibility, melt-processibility, and biphasic morphology of soft and hard segments in a lignin-based copolymer for all feed ratios of two macromolecular components. The use of higher molecular weight lignin enhanced the resulting shear modulus due to efficient network formation of telechelic polybutadiene bridges. The storage modulus in the rubbery plateau region increased with increasing lignin content. The successful synthesis of novel lignin-based thermoplastics will open a new pathway to biomass utilization and will help conserve petrochemicals.
C1 [Saito, Tomonori; Brown, Rebecca H.; Hunt, Marcus A.; Naskar, Amit K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Pickel, Deanna L.; Pickel, Joseph M.; Messman, Jamie M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Baker, Frederick S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Carbon Mat Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Keller, Martin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BESC BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Saito, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM naskarak@ornl.gov
RI Saito, Tomonori/M-1735-2016;
OI Saito, Tomonori/0000-0002-4536-7530; Pickel, Joseph/0000-0001-9828-1565
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge
National Laboratory; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of
Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by
UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. Part of the polymer
characterization works were conducted at the Center for Nanophase
Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of
Energy. We thank Drs Ewellyn A. Capanema and Kelby B. Cassity for their
advice into experimental procedures.
NR 77
TC 91
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U1 9
U2 129
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9262
EI 1463-9270
J9 GREEN CHEM
JI Green Chem.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 12
BP 3295
EP 3303
DI 10.1039/c2gc35933b
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 041PH
UT WOS:000311413200011
ER
PT J
AU Jackson, P
Beste, A
Attalla, MI
AF Jackson, P.
Beste, A.
Attalla, M. I.
TI CO2 capture in aqueous ammonia solutions: a computational chemistry
perspective
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLUSTER-CONTINUUM MODEL; SOLVATION FREE-ENERGIES; DENSITY FUNCTIONALS;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; THEORETICAL CALCULATION; POSTCOMBUSTION CAPTURE;
CARBAMIC ACID; KINETICS; ABSORPTION; MECHANISM
AB Twenty-five transition structures (TS's) for CO2 fixation by up to four base molecules (ammonia or ammonia + water) were located using M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p). All lead to either carbamate (NH2CO2-) or bicarbonate (HCO3-) products. Single-point energies at CCSD(T)/maug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) were added to SM8/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) energies to obtain best-estimate aqueous activation energies. All theories agree that: (i) NH2CO2- formation has a lower free energy of activation (best est. 44-45 kJ mol(-1)) than HCO3- formation (best est. 86 kJ mol(-1)), and (ii) free energies of activation for CO2 fixation are lowered when an ammonia molecule accepts the proton from the nucleophilic base. The theory also supports a key role for ammonium ions in the observed decomposition of NH2CO2- near pH 9.
C1 [Jackson, P.; Attalla, M. I.] CSIRO Energy Technol, Coal Portfolio, Mayfield W, NSW 2304, Australia.
[Beste, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Chem Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Attalla, MI (reprint author), CSIRO Energy Technol, Coal Portfolio, 10 Murray Dwyer Circuit, Mayfield W, NSW 2304, Australia.
EM moetaz.attalla@csiro.au
OI Jackson, Phil/0000-0002-6073-9339; Beste, Ariana/0000-0001-9132-792X
FU Coal Portfolio
FX Financial support from the Coal Portfolio is gratefully acknowledged.
The authors also wish to thank the Computational and Simulation Sciences
Transformed Capability Platform (CSS-TCP) c/- Dr John Taylor, Centre for
Mathematical and Information Sciences (CMIS, CSIRO) for supporting
reciprocal laboratory visits, and the NCI Facility (Canberra, Australia)
for a generous allocation of computer time. The views expressed herein
are not necessarily the views of the Commonwealth, and the Commonwealth
does not accept responsibility for any information or advice contained
therein. PJ dedicates this paper to the life and work of Detlef Schroder
(June 1963-August 2012).
NR 53
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Z9 7
U1 0
U2 39
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 47
BP 16301
EP 16311
DI 10.1039/c2cp43459h
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 038FX
UT WOS:000311161700017
PM 23132174
ER
PT J
AU Du, Q
Gunzburger, M
Lehoucq, RB
Zhou, K
AF Du, Qiang
Gunzburger, Max
Lehoucq, R. B.
Zhou, Kun
TI Analysis and Approximation of Nonlocal Diffusion Problems with Volume
Constraints
SO SIAM REVIEW
LA English
DT Review
DE nonlocal diffusion; nonlocal operator; fractional Laplacian; fractional
operator; fractional Sobolev spaces; vector calculus; anomalous
diffusion; superdiffusion; finite element methods; nonlocal heat
conduction; peridynamics
ID FRACTIONAL ADVECTION-DISPERSION; SYMMETRIC JUMP-PROCESSES;
BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; LONG-RANGE FORCES; VECTOR CALCULUS; SOBOLEV
SPACES; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT; OPERATORS; DYNAMICS
AB A recently developed nonlocal vector calculus is exploited to provide a variational analysis for a general class of nonlocal diffusion problems described by a linear integral equation on bounded domains in R-n. The nonlocal vector calculus also enables striking analogies to be drawn between the nonlocal model and classical models for diffusion, including a notion of nonlocal flux. The ubiquity of the nonlocal operator in applications is illustrated by a number of examples ranging from continuum mechanics to graph theory. In particular, it is shown that fractional Laplacian and fractional derivative models for anomalous diffusion are special cases of the nonlocal model for diffusion that we consider. The numerous applications elucidate different interpretations of the operator and the associated governing equations. For example, a probabilistic perspective explains that the nonlocal spatial operator appearing in our model corresponds to the infinitesimal generator for a symmetric jump process. Sufficient conditions on the kernel of the nonlocal operator and the notion of volume constraints are shown to lead to a well-posed problem. Volume constraints are a proxy for boundary conditions that may not be defined for a given kernel. In particular, we demonstrate for a general class of kernels that the nonlocal operator is a mapping between a volume constrained subspace of a fractional Sobolev subspace and its dual. We also demonstrate for other particular kernels that the inverse of the operator does not smooth but does correspond to diffusion. The impact of our results is that both a continuum analysis and a numerical method for the modeling of anomalous diffusion on bounded domains in Rn are provided. The analytical framework allows us to consider finite-dimensional approximations using discontinuous and continuous Galerkin methods, both of which are conforming for the nonlocal diffusion equation we consider; error and condition number estimates are derived.
C1 [Du, Qiang; Zhou, Kun] Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Gunzburger, Max] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Lehoucq, R. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Du, Q (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM qdu@math.psu.edu; gunzburg@fsu.edu; rblehou@sandia.gov;
zhou@math.psu.edu
RI Du, Qiang/B-1021-2008
OI Du, Qiang/0000-0002-1067-8937
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005346, DE-SC0004970,
DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMS-1016073,
DMS-1013845]; U.S. Department of Energy through Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research, DOE Office of Science [FWP-09-014290]
FX The work of these authors was supported in part by U.S. Department of
Energy grant DE-SC0005346 and U.S. National Science Foundation grant
DMS-1016073.; The work of this author was supported in part by U.S.
Department of Energy grant DE-SC0004970 and U.S. National Science
Foundation grant DMS-1013845.; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory
operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S.
Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work of this
author was supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grant
FWP-09-014290 through the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing
Research, DOE Office of Science.
NR 52
TC 98
Z9 99
U1 6
U2 36
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 0036-1445
EI 1095-7200
J9 SIAM REV
JI SIAM Rev.
PY 2012
VL 54
IS 4
BP 667
EP 696
DI 10.1137/110833294
PG 30
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 036NM
UT WOS:000311034000003
ER
PT J
AU Solis, KJ
Martin, JE
AF Solis, Kyle J.
Martin, James E.
TI Stimulation of vigorous rotational flows and novel flow patterns using
triaxial magnetic fields
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
AB We have discovered that new flow patterns can be created by applying a dc field to the ac biaxial fields that are used to induce isothermal magnetic advection (IMA). IMA is a recently discovered fluid flow phenomenon that occurs in suspensions of magnetic platelets subjected to particular time-dependent, uniform, biaxial magnetic fields. IMA is characterized by the formation of emergent flow patterns called advection lattices. We find that a dc field can disrupt the antiparallel flow symmetry of the advection lattice and give rise to qualitatively new flow patterns, including vigorous rotational flows and a highly regular diamond lattice. The rotational flows are very robust and may have applications to heat transfer. The diamond lattice is an intriguing and challenging example of emergent dynamics. Both of these effects occur when the dc field is applied orthogonal to the plane of the biaxial field.
C1 [Solis, Kyle J.; Martin, James E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Solis, KJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM kjsolis@sandia.gov; jmartin@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was
supported by the Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). We thank Vladimir Raksha,
Paul Coombs, Tom Markantes, Bill Kittler, and Kees-Jan Delst at JDSU for
supplying the magnetic platelets.
NR 12
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 6
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 48
BP 11989
EP 11994
DI 10.1039/c2sm26436f
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 044QV
UT WOS:000311638500004
ER
PT J
AU Knorowski, C
Travesset, A
AF Knorowski, Christopher
Travesset, Alex
TI Dynamics of DNA-programmable nanoparticle crystallization: gelation,
nucleation and topological defects
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNITS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SUPERLATTICES;
SIMULATIONS; ORGANIZATION
AB DNA programmed nanoparticle self-assembly is emerging as a powerful technique to engineer novel materials. In this paper, we present a comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of DNA mediated nanoparticle superlattice self-assembly from numerical simulations. We show that crystallization is consistent with classical nucleation theory, where the supercooled phase is a gel and the internal energy of the system remains constant during crystallization. After crystallization occurs, equilibrium is reached only after substitutionals, the most common topological defects, are annihilated in a process that involves vacancies or interstitials. Implications for existing and future experiments, as well as for engineering high quality, even single crystal, superlattices are also discussed.
C1 [Knorowski, Christopher; Travesset, Alex] Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Knorowski, Christopher; Travesset, Alex] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA.
RP Knorowski, C (reprint author), Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM cdknorow@iastate.edu; trvsst@ameslab.gov
FU Iowa State University; Nvidia Corp.; DOE through the Ames Lab
[DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX We acknowledge interest and discussions with Oleg Gang, Rob Macfarlane
and Chad Mirkin. It is always a pleasure to acknowledge Josh Anderson
for his help and enthusiasm with HOOMD-blue and Mark Klein for his
assistance with the Exalted GPU cluster where most of the simulations
were performed, which is funded by a grant from Iowa State University
and Nvidia Corp. This work is funded by DOE through the Ames Lab under
Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358.
NR 27
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 28
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 48
BP 12053
EP 12059
DI 10.1039/c2sm26832a
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 044QV
UT WOS:000311638500012
ER
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CA CMS Collaboration
TI Measurement of the production cross section for pairs of isolated
photons in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Hadron-Hadron Scattering
ID TO-LEADING ORDER; HEAVY QUARK PRODUCTION; HADRON-COLLISIONS; PARTON
DISTRIBUTIONS; QCD CALCULATIONS; SPIN CORRELATION; LHC; JET; NLO;
ASSOCIATION
AB The integrated and differential cross sections for the production of pairs of isolated photons is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1) is analysed. A next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation is compared to the measurements. A discrepancy is observed for regions of the phase space where the two photons have an azimuthal angle difference Delta phi less than or similar to 2.8 rad.
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[Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; My, S.; Pugliese, G.; Romano, F.] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy.
[Abbiendi, G.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Grandi, C.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Meneghelli, M.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Odorici, F.; Perrotta, A.; Primavera, F.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Travaglini, R.] INFN Sez Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
[Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cuffiani, M.; Fanfani, A.; Meneghelli, M.; Navarria, F. L.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G.; Travaglini, R.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
[Albergo, S.; Cappello, G.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] INFN Sez Catania, Catania, Italy.
[Albergo, S.; Cappello, G.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy.
[Barbagli, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Gallo, E.; Gonzi, S.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.] INFN Sez Firenze, Florence, Italy.
[Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Frosali, S.; Gonzi, S.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy.
[Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Colafranceschi, S.; Fabbri, F.; Piccolo, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, Frascati, Italy.
[Fabbricatore, P.; Musenich, R.] INFN Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy.
[Benaglia, A.; De Guio, F.; Di Matteo, L.; Gennai, S.; Ghezzi, A.; Malvezzi, S.; Martelli, A.; Massironi, A.; Menasce, D.; Moroni, L.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; Sala, S.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.] INFN Sez Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
[Benaglia, A.; De Guio, F.; Di Matteo, L.; Ghezzi, A.; Martelli, A.; Massironi, A.; Paganoni, M.; Ragazzi, S.; Tabarelli de Fatis, T.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
[Buontempo, S.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Cavallo, N.; De Cosa, A.; Dogangun, O.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lista, L.; Merola, M.; Paolucci, P.] INFN Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy.
[De Cosa, A.; Dogangun, O.; Merola, M.] Univ Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
[Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Bellan, P.; Bisello, D.; Branca, A.; Carlin, R.; Checchia, P.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanzago, F.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Gozzelino, A.; Lacaprara, S.; Lazzizzera, I.; Margoni, M.; Mazzucato, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Nespolo, M.; Perrozzi, L.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] INFN Sez Padova, Padua, Italy.
[Bellan, P.; Bisello, D.; Carlin, R.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Margoni, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zumerle, G.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy.
[Lazzizzera, I.] Univ Trento, Padua, Italy.
[Baesso, P.; Berzano, U.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] INFN Sez Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
[Baesso, P.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Torre, P.; Vitulo, P.; Viviani, C.] Univ Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
[Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Caponeri, B.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Menichelli, M.; Nappi, A.; Romeo, F.; Santocchia, A.; Taroni, S.; Valdata, M.] INFN Sez Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
[Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Romeo, F.; Taroni, S.; Valdata, M.] Univ Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
[Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Boccali, T.; Broccolo, G.; Castaldi, R.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Dell'Orso, R.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Giassi, A.; Kraan, A.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Martini, L.; Messineo, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Rizzi, A.; Segneri, G.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.] INFN Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
[Fiori, F.; Messineo, A.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
[Azzurri, P.; Broccolo, G.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Foa, L.; Ligabue, F.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
[Barone, L.; Cavallari, F.; Del Re, D.; Diemoz, M.; Franci, D.; Grassi, M.; Longo, E.; Meridiani, P.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Organtini, G.; Pandolfi, F.; Paramatti, R.; Rahatlou, S.; Sigamani, M.] INFN Sez Roma, Rome, Italy.
[Barone, L.; Del Re, D.; Franci, D.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Pandolfi, F.; Rahatlou, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
[Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Biino, C.; Botta, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Demaria, N.; Graziano, A.; Mariotti, C.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Potenza, A.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Vilela Pereira, A.] INFN Sez Torino, Turin, Italy.
[Amapane, N.; Argiro, S.; Botta, C.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Graziano, A.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Potenza, A.; Romero, A.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy.
[Arcidiacono, R.; Arneodo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, Italy.
[Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Marone, M.; Montanino, D.; Penzo, A.] INFN Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
[Della Ricca, G.; Marone, M.; Montanino, D.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
[Heo, S. G.; Nam, S. K.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Chunchon, South Korea.
[Chang, S.; Chung, J.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, J. E.; Kong, D. J.; Park, H.; Ro, S. R.; Son, D. C.; Son, T.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea.
[Kim, J. Y.; Kim, Z. J.; Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea.
[Jo, H. Y.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea.
[Choi, S.; Gyun, D.; Hong, B.; Jo, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, T. J.; Lee, K. S.; Moon, D. H.; Park, S. K.; Seo, E.; Sim, K. S.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea.
[Choi, M.; Kang, S.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Park, C.; Park, I. C.; Park, S.; Ryu, G.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
[Cho, Y.; Choi, Y.; Choi, Y. K.; Goh, J.; Kim, M. S.; Lee, B.; Lee, J.; Lee, S.; Seo, H.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea.
[Bilinskas, M. J.; Grigelionis, I.; Janulis, M.; Martisiute, D.; Petrov, P.; Polujanskas, M.; Sabonis, T.] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania.
[Castilla-Valdez, H.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-de La Cruz, I.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Magana Villalba, R.; Martinez-Ortega, J.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.; Villasenor-Cendejas, L. M.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
[Carrillo Moreno, S.; Vazquez Valencia, F.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
[Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
[Casimiro Linares, E.; Morelos Pineda, A.; Reyes-Santos, M. A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
[Krofcheck, D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
[Bell, A. J.; Butler, P. H.; Doesburg, R.; Reucroft, S.; Silverwood, H.; Tambe, N.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
[Ahmad, M.; Asghar, M. I.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khalid, S.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Qazi, S.; Shah, M. A.; Shoaib, M.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan.
[Brona, G.; Cwiok, M.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland.
[Bialkowska, H.; Boimska, B.; Frueboes, T.; Gokieli, R.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Wrochna, G.; Zalewski, P.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, Warsaw, Poland.
[Almeida, N.; Bargassa, P.; David, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Gallinaro, M.; Musella, P.; Nayak, A.; Pela, J.; Ribeiro, P. Q.; Seixas, J.; Varela, J.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal.
[Afanasiev, S.; Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Gavrilenko, M.; Golutvin, I.; Gorbunov, I.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Kozlov, G.; Lanev, A.; Moisenz, P.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Shmatov, S.; Smirnov, V.; Volodko, A.; Zarubin, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia.
[Evstyukhin, S.; Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Levchenko, P.; Murzin, V.; Oreshkin, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, An.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia.
[Andreev, Yu.; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.] Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia.
[Epshteyn, V.; Erofeeva, M.; Gavrilov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Lychkovskaya, N.; Popov, V.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia.
[Belyaev, A.; Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Markina, A.; Obraztsov, S.; Perfilov, M.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia.
[Andreev, V.; Azarkin, M.; Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Leonidov, A.; Mesyats, G.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia.
[Azhgirey, I.; Bayshev, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Grishin, V.; Kachanov, V.; Konstantinov, D.; Korablev, A.; Krychkine, V.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Sobol, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino, Russia.
[Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Ekmedzic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Ekmedzic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia.
[Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Arce, P.; Battilana, C.; Calvo, E.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Colino, N.; De La Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Diez Pardos, C.; Dominguez Vazquez, D.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Ferrando, A.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Merino, G.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Redondo, I.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Soares, M. S.; Willmott, C.] CIEMAT, Dept Phys, Madrid, Spain.
[Albajar, C.; Codispoti, G.; de Troconiz, J. F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
[Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Folgueras, S.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
[Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Chuang, S. H.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Felcini, M.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Matorras, F.; Munoz Sanchez, F. J.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Rodrigo, T.; Rodriguez-Marrero, A. Y.; Ruiz-Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, IFCA, Santander, Spain.
[Abbaneo, D.; Auffray, E.; Auzinger, G.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Barney, D.; Bernet, C.; Bialas, W.; Bloch, P.; Bocci, A.; Breuker, H.; Bunkowski, K.; Camporesi, T.; Cerminara, G.; Christiansen, T.; Coarasa Perez, J. A.; Cure, B.; D'Enterria, D.; De Roeck, A.; Di Guida, S.; Dobson, M.; Dupont-Sagorin, N.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Frisch, B.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Georgiou, G.; Gerwig, H.; Giffels, M.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Giunta, M.; Glege, F.; Gomez-Reino Garrido, R.; Govoni, P.; Gowdy, S.; Guida, R.; Guiducci, L.; Gundacker, S.; Hansen, M.; Hartl, C.; Harvey, J.; Hegeman, J.; Hegner, B.; Hinzmann, A.; Hoffmann, H. F.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Kaadze, K.; Karavakis, E.; Kousouris, K.; Lecoq, P.; Lenzi, P.; Lourenco, C.; Maki, T.; Malberti, M.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Mavromanolakis, G.; Meijers, F.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Moser, R.; Mozer, M. U.; Mulders, M.; Nesvold, E.; Nguyen, M.; Orimoto, T.; Orsini, L.; Palencia Cortezon, E.; Perez, E.; Petrilli, A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Pimia, M.; Piparo, D.; Polese, G.; Quertenmont, L.; Racz, A.; Reece, W.; Rodrigues Antunes, J.; Rolandi, G.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Rovelli, C.; Rovere, M.; Sakulin, H.; Santanastasio, F.; Schafer, C.; Schwick, C.; Segoni, I.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, P.; Silva, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Spiropulu, M.; Stoye, M.; Tsirou, A.; Veres, G. I.; Vichoudis, P.; Wohri, H. K.; Worm, S. D.; Zeuner, W. D.] European Org Nucl Res, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Gabathuler, K.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Konig, S.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Meier, F.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Sibille, J.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland.
[Bani, L.; Bortignon, P.; Buchmann, M. A.; Casal, B.; Chanon, N.; Chen, Z.; Cittolin, S.; Deisher, A.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Eugster, J.; Freudenreich, K.; Grab, C.; Lecomte, P.; Lustermann, W.; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, P.; Milenovic, P.; Mohr, N.; Moortgat, F.; Nageli, C.; Nef, P.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pape, L.; Pauss, F.; Peruzzi, M.; Ronga, F. J.; Rossini, M.; Sala, L.; Sanchez, A. K.; Sawley, M. -C.; Starodumov, A.; Stieger, B.; Takahashi, M.; Tauscher, L.; Thea, A.; Theofilatos, K.; Treille, D.; Urscheler, C.; Wallny, R.; Weber, H. A.; Wehrli, L.; Weng, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Aguilo, E.; Amsler, C.; Chiochia, V.; De Visscher, S.; Favaro, C.; Ivova Rikova, M.; Millan Mejias, B.; Otiougova, P.; Robmann, P.; Schmidt, A.; Snoek, H.; Verzetti, M.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Chang, Y. H.; Chen, K. H.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.; Liu, Z. K.; Lu, Y. J.; Mekterovic, D.; Volpe, R.; Yu, S. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan.
[Bartalini, P.; Chang, P.; Chang, Y. H.; Chang, Y. W.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Dietz, C.; Grundler, U.; Hou, W. -S.; Hsiung, Y.; Kao, K. Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Lu, R. -S.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Wan, X.; Wang, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ NTU, Taipei, Taiwan.
[Adiguzel, A.; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dozen, C.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gokbulut, G.; Hos, I.; Kangal, E. E.; Karapinar, G.; Kayis Topaksu, A.; Onengut, G.; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Sogut, K.; Sunar Cerci, D.; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Uzun, D.; Vergili, L. N.; Vergili, M.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey.
[Akin, I. V.; Aliev, T.; Bilin, B.; Bilmis, S.; Deniz, M.; Gamsizkan, H.; Guler, A. M.; Ocalan, K.; Ozpineci, A.; Serin, M.; Sever, R.; Surat, U. E.; Yalvac, M.; Yildirim, E.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, Ankara, Turkey.
[Deliomeroglu, M.; Gulmez, E.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Levchuk, L.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine.
[Bostock, F.; Brooke, J. J.; Clement, E.; Cussans, D.; Flacher, H.; Frazier, R.; Goldstein, J.; Grimes, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Kreczko, L.; Metson, S.; Newbold, D. M.; Nirunpong, K.; Poll, A.; Senkin, S.; Smith, V. J.; Williams, T.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England.
[Basso, L.; Bell, K. W.; Belyaev, A.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Jackson, J.; Kennedy, B. W.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Tomalin, I. R.; Womersley, W. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot, Oxon, England.
[Bainbridge, R.; Ball, G.; Beuselinck, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Cutajar, M.; Dauncey, P.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Ferguson, W.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Gilbert, A.; Guneratne Bryer, A.; Hall, G.; Hatherell, Z.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Jarvis, M.; Karapostoli, G.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A. -M.; Marrouche, J.; Mathias, B.; Nandi, R.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Pioppi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rogerson, S.; Rompotis, N.; Rose, A.; Ryan, M. J.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sparrow, A.; Tapper, A.; Tourneur, S.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Wardle, N.; Wardrope, D.; Whyntie, T.] Imperial Coll, London, England.
[Barrett, M.; Chadwick, M.; Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Martin, W.; Reid, I. D.; Symonds, P.; Teodorescu, L.; Turner, M.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge, Middx, England.
[Hatakeyama, K.; Liu, H.; Scarborough, T.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX USA.
[Henderson, C.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA.
[Avetisyan, A.; Bose, T.; Carrera Jarrin, E.; Fantasia, C.; Heister, A.; St John, J.; Lawson, P.; Lazic, D.; Rohlf, J.; Sperka, D.; Sulak, L.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA USA.
[Bhattacharya, S.; Cutts, D.; Ferapontov, A.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.; Kukartsev, G.; Landsberg, G.; Luk, M.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Segala, M.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI USA.
[Breedon, R.; Breto, G.; Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M.; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Conway, R.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Houtz, R.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Mall, O.; Miceli, T.; Pellett, D.; Robles, J.; Rutherford, B.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Tripathi, M.; Vasquez Sierra, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA.
[Andreev, V.; Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Duris, J.; Erhan, S.; Everaerts, P.; Farrell, C.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Plager, C.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.; Weber, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
[Babb, J.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Giordano, F.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Liu, H.; Long, O. R.; Luthra, A.; Nguyen, H.; Paramesvaran, S.; Sturdy, J.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA USA.
[Andrews, W.; Branson, J. G.; Cerati, G. B.; Evans, D.; Golf, F.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Macneill, I.; Mangano, B.; Padhi, S.; Palmer, C.; Petrucciani, G.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Ranieri, R.; Sani, M.; Sfiligoi, I.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Sudano, E.; Tadel, M.; Tu, Y.; Vartak, A.; Wasserbaech, S.; Wurthwein, F.; Yagil, A.; Yoo, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA.
[Barge, D.; Bellan, R.; Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Danielson, T.; Flowers, K.; Geffert, P.; George, C.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Lowette, S.; Mccoll, N.; Mullin, S. D.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; Vlimant, J. R.; West, C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA.
[Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Di Marco, E.; Duarte, J.; Gataullin, M.; Ma, Y.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Rogan, C.; Timciuc, V.; Traczyk, P.; Veverka, J.; Wilkinson, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA USA.
[Akgun, B.; Carroll, R.; Ferguson, T.; Iiyama, Y.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Liu, Y. F.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
[Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Edelmaier, C. J.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Heyburn, B.; Luiggi Lopez, E.; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K. A.; Wagner, S. R.; Zang, S. L.] Univ Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
[Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Eggert, N.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Hopkins, W.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Kreis, B.; Nicolas Kaufman, G.; Patterson, J. R.; Puigh, D.; Ryd, A.; Salvati, E.; Shi, X.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Vaughan, J.; Weng, Y.; Winstrom, L.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
[Biselli, A.; Cirino, G.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT USA.
[Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Anderson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Bakken, J. A.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bloch, I.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Chetluru, V.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Cooper, W.; Eartly, D. P.; Elvira, V. D.; Esen, S.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gao, Y.; Gottschalk, E.; Green, D.; Gutsche, O.; Hanlon, J.; Harris, R. M.; Hirschauer, J.; Hooberman, B.; Jensen, H.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kunori, S.; Kwan, S.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Miao, T.; Mishra, K.; Mrenna, S.; Musienko, Y.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Pivarski, J.; Pordes, R.; Prokofyev, O.; Schwarz, T.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sharma, S.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Tan, P.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitmore, J.; Wu, W.; Yang, F.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA.
[Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Chen, M.; Das, S.; De Gruttola, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Dobur, D.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fisher, M.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gartner, J.; Goldberg, S.; Hugon, J.; Kim, B.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Kypreos, T.; Low, J. F.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Muniz, L.; Myeonghun, P.; Remington, R.; Rinkevicius, A.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Sellers, P.; Skhirtladze, N.; Snowball, M.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.; Zakaria, M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
[Gaultney, V.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL USA.
[Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bochenek, J.; Chen, J.; Diamond, B.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, M.; Johnson, K. F.; Prosper, H.; Sekmen, S.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Weinberg, M.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL USA.
[Baarmand, M. M.; Dorney, B.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL USA.
[Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Bai, Y.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dragoiu, C.; Gauthier, L.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatyan, S.; Kunde, G. J.; Lacroix, F.; Malek, M.; O'Brien, C.; Silkworth, C.; Silvestre, C.; Strom, D.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois Chicago UIC, Chicago, IL USA.
[Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Duru, F.; Griffiths, S.; Lae, C. K.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Sen, S.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA.
[Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bolognesi, S.; Bonato, A.; Eskew, C.; Fehling, D.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Hu, G.; Maksimovic, P.; Rappoccio, S.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N. V.; Whitbeck, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
[Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Benelli, G.; Grachov, O.; Kenny Iii, R. P.; Murray, M.; Noonan, D.; Sanders, S.; Stringer, R.; Tinti, G.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA.
[Barfuss, A. F.; Bolton, T.; Chakaberia, I.; Ivanov, A.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Shrestha, S.; Svintradze, I.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS USA.
[Gronberg, J.; Lange, D.; Wright, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Baden, A.; Boutemeur, M.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kirn, M.; Kolberg, T.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Peterman, A.; Rossato, K.; Rumerio, P.; Skuja, A.; Temple, J.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Twedt, E.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA.
[Alver, B.; Bauer, G.; Bendavid, J.; Busza, W.; Butz, E.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; Dutta, V.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Hahn, K. A.; Harris, P.; Kim, Y.; Klute, M.; Lee, Y. -J.; Li, W.; Luckey, P. D.; Ma, T.; Nahn, S.; Paus, C.; Ralph, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rudolph, M.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Stockli, F.; Sumorok, K.; Sung, K.; Velicanu, D.; Wenger, E. A.; Wolf, R.; Wyslouch, B.; Xie, S.; Yang, M.; Yilmaz, Y.; Yoon, A. S.; Zanetti, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA USA.
[Cooper, S. I.; Cushman, P.; Dahmes, B.; De Benedetti, A.; Franzoni, G.; Gude, A.; Haupt, J.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Pastika, N.; Rekovic, V.; Rusack, R.; Sasseville, M.; Singovsky, A.; Turkewitz, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Cremaldi, L. M.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Perera, L.; Rahmat, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Summers, D.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS USA.
[Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Butt, J.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Jindal, P.; Keller, J.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Malbouisson, H.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA.
[Baur, U.; Godshalk, A.; Iashvili, I.; Jain, S.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Shipkowski, S. P.; Smith, K.; Wan, Z.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA.
[Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Trocino, D.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA USA.
[Anastassov, A.; Kubik, A.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Ofierzynski, R. A.; Pollack, B.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA.
[Antonelli, L.; Berry, D.; Brinkerhoff, A.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kolb, J.; Lannon, K.; Luo, W.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Morse, D. M.; Pearson, T.; Ruchti, R.; Slaunwhite, J.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Ziegler, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.
[Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Hill, C.; Killewald, P.; Kotov, K.; Ling, T. Y.; Rodenburg, M.; Vuosalo, C.; Williams, G.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA.
[Adam, N.; Berry, E.; Elmer, P.; Gerbaudo, D.; Halyo, V.; Hebda, P.; Hunt, A.; Laird, E.; Lopes Pegna, D.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Piroue, P.; Quan, X.; Raval, A.; Saka, H.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Zuranski, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ USA.
[Acosta, J. G.; Huang, X. T.; Lopez, A.; Mendez, H.; Oliveros, S.; Ramirez Vargas, J. E.; Zatserklyaniy, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA.
[Alagoz, E.; Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Bolla, G.; Borrello, L.; Bortoletto, D.; De Mattia, M.; Everett, A.; Gutay, L.; Hu, Z.; Jones, M.; Koybasi, O.; Kress, M.; Laasanen, A. T.; Leonardo, N.; Maroussov, V.; Merkel, P.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Shipsey, I.; Silvers, D.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Vidal Marono, M.; Yoo, H. D.; Zablocki, J.; Zheng, Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN USA.
[Guragain, S.; Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA USA.
[Adair, A.; Boulahouache, C.; Cuplov, V.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Zabel, J.] Rice Univ, CERN, Houston, TX USA.
[Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; Chung, Y. S.; Covarelli, R.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Eshaq, Y.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Goldenzweig, P.; Gotra, Y.; Han, J.; Harel, A.; Miner, D. C.; Petrillo, G.; Sakumoto, W.; Vishnevskiy, D.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA.
[Bhatti, A.; Ciesielski, R.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Lungu, G.; Malik, S.; Mesropian, C.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY USA.
[Arora, S.; Atramentov, O.; Barker, A.; Chou, J. P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Duggan, D.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Hits, D.; Lath, A.; Panwalkar, S.; Park, M.; Patel, R.; Richards, A.; Rose, K.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA.
[Cerizza, G.; Hollingsworth, M.; Spanier, S.; Yang, Z. C.; York, A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.
[Eusebi, R.; Flanagan, W.; Gilmore, J.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Montalvo, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Perloff, A.; Roe, J.; Safonov, A.; Sengupta, S.; Suarez, I.; Tatarinov, A.; Toback, D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
[Akchurin, N.; Bardak, C.; Damgov, J.; Dudero, P. R.; Jeong, C.; Kovitanggoon, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Mane, P.; Roh, Y.; Sill, A.; Volobouev, I.; Wigmans, R.; Yazgan, E.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX USA.
[Appelt, E.; Brownson, E.; Engh, D.; Florez, C.; Gabella, W.; Gurrola, A.; Issah, M.; Johns, W.; Johnston, C.; Kurt, P.; Maguire, C.; Melo, A.; Sheldon, P.; Snook, B.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA.
[Arenton, M. W.; Balazs, M.; Boutle, S.; Conetti, S.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goadhouse, S.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Wood, J.; Yohay, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
[Gollapinni, S.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C.; Lamichhane, P.; Mattson, M.; Milstene, C.; Sakharov, A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA.
[Anderson, M.; Bachtis, M.; Belknap, D.; Bellinger, J. N.; Bernardini, J.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Dasu, S.; Efron, J.; Friis, E.; Gray, L.; Grogg, K. S.; Grothe, M.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Herve, A.; Klabbers, P.; Klukas, J.; Lanaro, A.; Lazaridis, C.; Leonard, J.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Pierro, G. A.; Ross, I.; Savin, A.; Smith, W. H.; Swanson, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
[Hammer, J.; Darmenov, N.; Genchev, V.; Iaydjiev, P.; Puljak, I.; Chierici, R.; Jung, H.; Guthoff, M.; Foudas, C.; Hajdu, C.; Sikler, F.; Mohanty, A. K.; De Filippis, N.; Fasanella, D.; Tropiano, A.; Benaglia, A.; Gennai, S.; Massironi, A.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Bacchetta, N.; Nespolo, M.; Tosi, M.; Lucaroni, A.; Taroni, S.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Del Re, D.; Grassi, M.; Mariotti, C.; Montanino, D.; Pela, J.; Kossov, M.; Grishin, V.; Kovalskyi, D.] European Org Nucl Res, Geneva, Switzerland.
[Giammanco, A.] NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia.
[Anjos, T. S.; Bernardes, C. A.; Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.
[Assran, Y.] Suez Canal Univ, Suez, Egypt.
[Kamel, A. Ellithi] Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt.
[Khalil, S.] British Univ, Cairo, Egypt.
[Mahmoud, M. A.] Fayoum Univ, Al Fayyum, Egypt.
[Radi, A.] Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt.
[Agram, J.-L.; Conte, E.; Drouhin, F.; Fontaine, J.-C.; Karim, M.] Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
[Bergholz, M.; Lohmann, W.; Schmidt, R.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany.
[Krajczar, K.; Vesztergombi, G.; Veres, G. I.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary.
[Maity, M.] Univ Visva Bharati, Scuola Normale & Sez, Santini Ketan, W Bengal, India.
[Bakhshiansohi, H.; Fahim, A.; Jafari, A.] Sharif Univ Technol, Sez Roma, Tehran, Iran.
[Etesami, S. M.; Zeinali, M.] Isfahan Univ Technol, Esfahan, Iran.
[Mohammadi, A.] Shiraz Univ, Shiraz, Iran.
[Colafranceschi, S.] Univ Roma, Fac Ingn, Rome, Italy.
[Cavallo, N.; Fabozzi, F.] Univ Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
[Lacaprara, S.] Lab Nazl Legnaro INFN, Legnaro, Italy.
[Martini, L.] Univ Siena, Siena, Italy.
[Starodumov, A.; Nikitenko, A.] Scuola Normale & Sez INFN, pisa, Italy.
[Bakirci, M. N.; Topakli, H.] Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Tokat, Turkey.
[Cerci, S.; Sunar Cerci, D.; Tali, B.] Adiyaman Univ, Adiyaman, Turkey.
[Sogut, K.] Mersin Univ, Mersin, Turkey.
[Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.] Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey.
[Ozkorucuklu, S.] Suleyman Demirel Univ, Isparta, Turkey.
[Sonmez, N.] Ege Univ, Izmir, Turkey.
[Basso, L.; Belyaev, A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton, Hants, England.
[Wasserbaech, S.] Utah Valley Univ, Orem, UT USA.
[Kunde, G. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Mermerkaya, H.] Erzincan Univ, Erzincan, Turkey.
RP Chatrchyan, S (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia.
RI Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/E-8563-2013;
Montanari, Alessandro/J-2420-2012; Zalewski, Piotr/H-7335-2013; Cavallo,
Nicola/F-8913-2012; Tinti, Gemma/I-5886-2013; Ivanov,
Andrew/A-7982-2013; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; Liu,
Sheng/K-2815-2013; Markina, Anastasia/E-3390-2012; Dogangun,
Oktay/L-9252-2013; Troitsky, Sergey/C-1377-2014; Raidal,
Martti/F-4436-2012; Venturi, Andrea/J-1877-2012; Tinoco Mendes, Andre
David/D-4314-2011; Lokhtin, Igor/D-7004-2012; Snigirev,
Alexander/D-8912-2012; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; Mercadante,
Pedro/K-1918-2012; tosi, mia/J-5777-2012; Kadastik, Mario/B-7559-2008;
Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Petrushanko, Sergey/D-6880-2012; Santaolalla,
Javier/C-3094-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Leonardo,
Nuno/M-6940-2016; Goh, Junghwan/Q-3720-2016; Govoni, Pietro/K-9619-2016;
Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; Yazgan, Efe/C-4521-2014; Gerbaudo,
Davide/J-4536-2012; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014;
Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Azarkin,
Maxim/N-2578-2015; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Kirakosyan,
Martin/N-2701-2015; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Seixas, Joao/F-5441-2013;
Vilela Pereira, Antonio/L-4142-2016; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Xie,
Si/O-6830-2016; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Trocsanyi,
Zoltan/A-5598-2009; Konecki, Marcin/G-4164-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose
Maria/H-9127-2015; My, Salvatore/I-5160-2015; Matorras,
Francisco/I-4983-2015; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Dremin,
Igor/K-8053-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Leonidov,
Andrey/M-4440-2013; Andreev, Vladimir/M-8665-2015; Cakir,
Altan/P-1024-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015; Paulini,
Manfred/N-7794-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Marinho,
Franciole/N-8101-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Benussi,
Luigi/O-9684-2014; Leonidov, Andrey/P-3197-2014; Russ,
James/P-3092-2014; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; Hektor, Andi/G-1804-2011;
Grandi, Claudio/B-5654-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Sen,
Sercan/C-6473-2014; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Marlow,
Daniel/C-9132-2014; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Janssen,
Xavier/E-1915-2013; Bartalini, Paolo/E-2512-2014; Codispoti,
Giuseppe/F-6574-2014; Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012; Cerrada,
Marcos/J-6934-2014; Calderon, Alicia/K-3658-2014; de la Cruz,
Begona/K-7552-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Josa,
Isabel/K-5184-2014; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/L-1203-2014
OI Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Rolandi, Luigi
(Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373;
Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Hill,
Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Dogangun, Oktay/0000-0002-1255-2211;
Troitsky, Sergey/0000-0001-6917-6600; Tinoco Mendes, Andre
David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Mundim,
Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Goh,
Junghwan/0000-0002-1129-2083; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301;
Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950;
Gerbaudo, Davide/0000-0002-4463-0878; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740;
KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484;
Flix, Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047; Della Ricca,
Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X;
Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842;
Vilela Pereira, Antonio/0000-0003-3177-4626; Sznajder,
Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Belyaev,
Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/0000-0002-2129-1279;
Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Hernandez Calama, Jose
Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; My, Salvatore/0000-0002-9938-2680; Matorras,
Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074;
TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153; Paulini,
Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Marinho,
Franciole/0000-0002-7327-0349; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731;
Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155;
Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Hektor, Andi/0000-0001-7873-8118;
Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Lazzizzera,
Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; Sen, Sercan/0000-0001-7325-1087;
D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Codispoti,
Giuseppe/0000-0003-0217-7021; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691;
Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Calvo Alamillo,
Enrique/0000-0002-1100-2963
FU Helmholtz Gemeinschaft [VH-HA-101]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in
Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio; European Commission
[PITN-GA-2010-264564]
FX We are thankful to M. Garzelli, E. Re and Z. Trocsanyi for useful
discussions. This work has been supported by Helmholtz Gemeinschaft
under contract VH-HA-101 (Alliance Physics at the Terascale), by
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 9
and by the European Commission through contract PITN-GA-2010-264564
(LHCPhenoNet).
NR 78
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 57
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1029-8479
J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS
JI J. High Energy Phys.
PD JAN
PY 2012
IS 1
AR 133
DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2012)133
PG 145
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA 890YP
UT WOS:000300183300050
ER
PT S
AU Kronfeld, AS
AF Kronfeld, Andreas S.
BE Holstein, BR
TI Twenty-First Century Lattice Gauge Theory: Results from the Quantum
Chromodynamics Lagrangian
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 62
SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE hadron spectrum; chiral symmetry breaking; Standard Model parameters;
nucleon properties; dark matter; phase transitions
ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; PARTICLE PHYSICS; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; QCD; MASSES;
MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SCATTERING; FERMIONS; SYMMETRY
AB Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) reduces the strong interactions, in all their variety, to a simple nonabelian gauge theory. It clearly and elegantly explains hadrons at short distances, which has led to its universal acceptance. Since its advent, however, many of its long-distance, emergent properties have been believed to be true without having been demonstrated to be true. This article reviews various results in this regime that have been established with lattice gauge theory, directly from the QCD Lagrangian. This research sheds light on the origin of hadron masses, its interplay with dynamical symmetry breaking, and other intriguing features such as the phase structure of QCD. Also, nonperturbative QCD is quantitatively important to many aspects of particle physics (especially the quark flavor sector), nuclear physics, and astrophysics. This review also surveys some of the most interesting connections to those subjects.
C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Kronfeld, AS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM ask@fnal.gov
NR 144
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 5
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 0163-8998
BN 978-0-8243-1562-7
J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S
JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.
PY 2012
VL 62
BP 265
EP 284
DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102711-094942
PG 20
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BCV48
UT WOS:000311570100011
ER
PT S
AU Armstrong, DS
McKeown, RD
AF Armstrong, D. S.
McKeown, R. D.
BE Holstein, BR
TI Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and the Electric and Magnetic
Strange Form Factors of the Nucleon
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 62
SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE neutral current; lepton scattering; electromagnetic form factors;
strange form factors
ID FABRY-PEROT CAVITY; PROTON-SCATTERING; COMPTON POLARIMETER; SPIN
POLARIZATION; JEFFERSON-LAB; SYSTEM; TARGET; MOMENT; HALL
AB Measurements of the neutral weak-vector form factors of the nucleon provide unique access to the strange quark content of the nucleon. These form factors can be studied by using parity-violating electron scattering. A comprehensive program of experiments has been performed at three accelerator laboratories to determine the role of strange quarks in the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. This article reviews the remarkable technical progress associated with this program, describes the various methods used in the different experiments, and summarizes the physics results along with recent theoretical calculations.
C1 [Armstrong, D. S.; McKeown, R. D.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA.
[McKeown, R. D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Armstrong, DS (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA.
NR 63
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 6
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 0163-8998
BN 978-0-8243-1562-7
J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S
JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.
PY 2012
VL 62
BP 337
EP 359
DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130419
PG 23
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BCV48
UT WOS:000311570100014
ER
PT J
AU Chatterjee, A
Guedj, J
Perelson, AS
AF Chatterjee, Anushree
Guedj, Jeremie
Perelson, Alan S.
TI Mathematical modelling of HCV infection: what can it teach us in the era
of direct-acting antiviral agents?
SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
LA English
DT Review
ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; VIRAL DYNAMICS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR;
RNA REPLICATION; ALPHA-INTERFERON; CELL-CULTURE; WILD-TYPE; KINETICS;
THERAPY
AB HCV infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and affects nearly 170 million people worldwide. Whereas the previous standard of care with pegylated interferon and ribavirin had a modest effectiveness, the recent approval of two highly potent protease inhibitors and the ongoing development of dozens of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) constitute a major milestone for HCV therapy. Mathematical modelling of viral kinetics under treatment has played an instrumental role in improving our understanding of virus pathogenesis and in guiding drug development. Here, we review the current state of HCV kinetic modelling, and challenges to the standard biphasic viral decline model that arise when fitting viral kinetic models to data obtained with DAAs.
C1 [Chatterjee, Anushree; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM asp@lanl.gov
RI Guedj, Jeremie/A-6842-2017
OI Guedj, Jeremie/0000-0002-5534-5482
FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NIH [AI028433,
P20-RR018754, AI065256, AI078881]; National Center for Research
Resources; Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP)
[8R01-OD011095-21]; LANL LDRD Program; Roche
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of
Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and supported by NIH
grants AI028433, P20-RR018754, AI065256, AI078881 and the National
Center for Research Resources and the Office of Research Infrastructure
Programs (ORIP) through grant 8R01-OD011095-21 (ASP). We also
acknowledge the LANL LDRD Program for providing partial funding for AC.;
ASP is a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb, the manufacturer of
daclatasvir, and has received grant support from Roche, the manufacturer
of mericitabine. All other authors declare no competing interests.
NR 63
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 4
PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6535
J9 ANTIVIR THER
JI Antivir. Ther.
PY 2012
VL 17
IS 6
BP 1171
EP 1182
DI 10.3851/IMP2428
PN B
PG 12
WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology
SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology
GA 039JE
UT WOS:000311240600007
PM 23186606
ER
PT J
AU Ochoa, C
Baumgardner, D
Grutter, M
Allan, J
Fast, J
Rappenglueck, B
AF Ochoa, C.
Baumgardner, D.
Grutter, M.
Allan, J.
Fast, J.
Rappenglueck, B.
TI Physical and chemical properties of the regional mixed layer of Mexico's
Megapolis Part II: evaluation of measured and modeled trace gases and
particle size distributions
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; AIR-QUALITY; MCMA-2003 CAMPAIGN; VERTICAL
DIFFUSION; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; CITY; EVOLUTION;
SIMULATION; TRANSPORT
AB This study extends the work of Baumgardner et al. (2009) in which measurements of trace gases and particles, at a remote, high altitude mountain site, 60 km from Mexico City were analyzed with respect to the origin of the air masses. In the current evaluation, the temperature, water vapor mixing ratio (WMR), ozone (O-3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and acyl peroxy nitrate (APN) are simulated with the WRF-Chem chemical transport model and compared with the measurements at the mountain site. Comparisons between the model and measurements are also evaluated for particle size distributions (PSDs) of the mass concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and organic mass (OM). The model predictions of the diurnal trends in temperature, WMR and trace gases were generally well correlated; 13 of the 18 correlations were significant at a confidence level of <0.01. Less satisfactory were the average hourly differences between model and measurements that showed predicted values within expected, natural variation for only 10 of the 18 comparisons. The model performed best when comparing with the measurements during periods when the air originated from the east. In that case all six of the parameters being compared had average differences between the model and measurements less than the expected standard deviation. For the cases when the air masses are from the southwest or west northwest, only two of the comparisons from each case showed differences less than the expected standard deviation. The differences appear to be a result of an overly rapid growth of the boundary layer predicted by the model and too much dilution. There also is more O-3 being produced, most likely by photochemical production, downwind of the emission sources than is predicted by the model.
The measured and modeled PSD compare very well with respect to their general shape and the diameter of the peak concentrations. The spectra are log normally distributed with most of the mass in the accumulation mode centered at 200+/-20 nm and little observed or predicted changes with respect to the time when the RML is above the Altzomoni research station. Only the total mass changes with time and air mass origin. The invariability of average diameter of the accumulation mode suggests that there is very little growth of the particles by condensation or coagulation after six hours of aging downwind of the major sources of anthropogenic emissions in Mexico's Megapolis. This could greatly simplify parameterization in climate models although it is not known at this time if this invariance can be extended to other megacity regions.
C1 [Ochoa, C.; Baumgardner, D.; Grutter, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Allan, J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
[Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA.
RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
EM darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com
RI Allan, James/B-1160-2010
OI Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876
FU PAPIIT [IN-117403 IN-113306]; James S. McDonnell Foundation
FX The authors would like to thank the national park of Izta-Popo-Zoquiapan
and its personnel for supporting the research at the Altzomoni
measurement site and for assisting us in maintaining the equipment
during the project. We would like to thank Armando Retama, director of
the Red Automatica de Monitoreo Atmosferico (RAMA) for providing the
RAMA mobile van during the preliminary measurements in November 2005 and
the measurements from RAMA in the city during March, 2006. We are
grateful to TSI Inc, Mexico, for the loan of the Scanning Mobility
Particle Sizer (SMPS) that was used during the project and to Lynn
Russell, of Scripps Oceanographic Institute, for the loan of the AMS.
This project was partially supported by PAPIIT grants #IN-117403
IN-113306. The AMS measurements at Altzomoni were partially supported by
a grant from the James S. McDonnell Foundation.
NR 52
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 5
U2 17
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 21
BP 10161
EP 10179
DI 10.5194/acp-12-10161-2012
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 035NR
UT WOS:000310954400011
ER
PT J
AU Benzi, M
Olshanskii, MA
Rebholz, LG
Wang, Z
AF Benzi, Michele
Olshanskii, Maxim A.
Rebholz, Leo G.
Wang, Zhen
TI Assessment of a vorticity based solver for the Navier-Stokes equations
SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Navier-Stokes equations; Vorticity; Helical density; Finite element
method; Preconditioning; Augmented Lagrangian method
ID VELOCITY FORMULATION; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; ROTATION FORM; OSEEN PROBLEM;
HELICITY; ALGORITHM; FLOW; PRECONDITIONERS; COMPUTATIONS; SIMULATIONS
AB We investigate numerically a recently proposed vorticity based formulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The formulation couples a velocity-pressure system with a vorticity-helicity system, and is intended to provide a numerical scheme with enhanced accuracy and superior conservation properties. For a few benchmark problems, we study the performance of a finite element method for this formulation and compare it with the commonly used velocity-pressure based finite element method. It is shown that both steady and unsteady discrete problems in the new formulation admit simple decoupiing strategies followed by the application of iterative solves to auxiliary subproblems. Further, we compare several iterative strategies to solve the discrete problems and study the interplay between the choice of stabilization parameters in the finite element method and the efficiency of linear algebra solvers. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Olshanskii, Maxim A.] Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
[Benzi, Michele] Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
[Olshanskii, Maxim A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Mech & Math, Moscow 119899, Russia.
[Rebholz, Leo G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA.
[Wang, Zhen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Olshanskii, MA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Math, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
EM benzi@mathcs.emory.edu; molshan@math.uh.edu; rebholz@clemson.edu;
wangz@ornl.gov
FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [11-01-00767, 11-01-00971,
12-01-00283]; National Science Foundation [DMS 1112598]; Laney Graduate
School of Arts and Science at Emory University; Mathematical,
Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC.
FX Partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research through
Grants 11-01-00767, 11-01-00971 and 12-01-00283.; Partially supported by
National Science Foundation Grant DMS 1112598.; Partially supported by
the Laney Graduate School of Arts and Science at Emory University and by
the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division,
Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of
Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.
NR 35
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0045-7825
J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M
JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng.
PY 2012
VL 247
BP 216
EP 225
DI 10.1016/j.cma.2012.07.016
PG 10
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
Applications; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics
GA 035KC
UT WOS:000310944400015
ER
PT J
AU Hu, QH
Mao, XL
AF Hu, Qinhong
Mao, Xianglei
TI Application of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass
Spectrometry to studies of chemical diffusion, sorption, and transport
in natural rock
SO GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE LA-ICP-MS; imbibition; diffusion; sorption; transport; rock
ID LA-ICP-MS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; INTERNAL STANDARD;
FLUID INCLUSIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; NEVADA;
FRACTIONATION; GEOCHRONOLOGY
AB We applied laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques to make spatial measurements of chemical tracer concentrations in three natural rock types (tuff, sandstone, greywacke) in order to characterize important processes affecting chemical fate and transport (e.g., diffusion, sorption, imbibition, and advective transport). Specifically, we (1) evaluated LA-ICP-MS factors (e.g., spot size, laser pulse, primary grain size, and surface roughness) affecting quantitative laser sampling in both surface and depth mapping; and (2) applied LA-ICP-MS to investigate the fate and transport processes of a suite of chemicals (both nonsorbing and sorbing) in natural rock through laboratory studies of imbibition, diffusion under both saturated and unsaturated conditions, and transport in a rock core traversed by a saw-cut fracture. The results indicate that micro-scale mapping using LA-ICP-MS is a robust and sensitive technique for evaluating fate and transport of chemical species in natural rock. Direct mapping of chemical distributions using LA-ICP-MS techniques in natural rock offers distinct advantages over other methods of study, such as batch sorption experiments using crushed rock samples, and through-diffusion studies involving lengthy experiments during which test conditions may be difficult to maintain. Values of sorption distribution coefficient as determined using LA-ICP-MS techniques with centimeter-sized tuff samples, are consistently smaller, in both imbibition and diffusion experiments, than those obtained from batch-sorption tests using crushed samples with grain sizes in the 0.5-2.0 mm range.
C1 [Hu, Qinhong] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
[Mao, Xianglei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Hu, QH (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 500 Yates St, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
EM maxhu@uta.edu
RI Hu, Qinhong/C-3096-2009
OI Hu, Qinhong/0000-0002-4782-319X
FU University of Texas at Arlington; Department of Energy (DOE) through the
U.S. DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098]
FX The financial support for this work was partially provided by the
University of Texas at Arlington, and by the Department of Energy (DOE)
to the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the
U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098.
NR 60
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 15
PU GEOCHEMICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA 358-5 YAMABUKI-CHO, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-0801, JAPAN
SN 0016-7002
EI 1880-5973
J9 GEOCHEM J
JI Geochem. J.
PY 2012
VL 46
IS 5
BP 459
EP 475
PG 17
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 036JH
UT WOS:000311021700008
ER
PT J
AU Turner, WJN
Sherman, MH
Walker, IS
AF Turner, William J. N.
Sherman, Max H.
Walker, Iain S.
TI Infiltration as ventilation: Weather-induced dilution
SO HVAC&R RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR INFILTRATION; STACK; WIND
AB The purpose of outdoor air ventilation is to dilute or remove indoor contaminants to which occupants are exposed. It can be provided by mechanical or natural means. In most homes, especially older homes, weather-driven infiltration provides the dominant fraction of the total ventilation. As we seek to provide good indoor air quality at minimum energy cost, it is important to neither over-ventilate nor under-ventilate. Thus, it becomes critically important to evaluate correctly the contribution that infiltration makes to the total outdoor air ventilation rate. Because weather-driven infiltration is dependent on building air leakage and weather-induced pressure differences, a given amount of air leakage will provide different amounts of infiltration. Varying rates of infiltration will provide different levels of contaminant dilution and, hence, effective ventilation. This article derives these interactions and then calculates the impact of weather-driven infiltration for different climates. A new "N-factor" is introduced to provide a convenient method for calculating the ventilation contribution of infiltration for over 1000 locations across North America. The results of this work could be used in indoor air quality standards (specifically ASHRAE 62.2) to account for the contribution of weather-driven infiltration toward the dilution of indoor pollutants.
C1 [Turner, William J. N.; Sherman, Max H.; Walker, Iain S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Turner, WJN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mail Stop 90-3074, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM WJNTurner@lbl.gov
FU Office of the Building Technologies Program, U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Office of the Building Technologies Program, U.S.
Department of Energy (contract DE-AC02-05CH11231).
NR 33
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 15
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1078-9669
J9 HVAC&R RES
JI HVAC&R Res.
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 6
BP 1122
EP 1135
DI 10.1080/10789669.2012.704836
PG 14
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 037QV
UT WOS:000311122500006
ER
PT J
AU Fordyce, PM
Diaz-Botia, CA
DeRisi, JL
Gomez-Sjoberg, R
AF Fordyce, P. M.
Diaz-Botia, C. A.
DeRisi, J. L.
Gomez-Sjoberg, R.
TI Systematic characterization of feature dimensions and closing pressures
for microfluidic valves produced via photoresist reflow
SO LAB ON A CHIP
LA English
DT Article
ID LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION; VERSATILE
AB Multilayer soft lithography (MSL) provides a convenient and low-cost method for fabricating poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices with on-chip valves for automated and precise control of fluid flow. MSL casting molds for flow channels typically incorporate small patches of rounded positive photoresist at valve locations to achieve the rounded cross-sectional profile required for these valves to function properly. Despite the importance of these rounded features for device performance, a comprehensive characterization of how the rounding process affects feature dimensions and closing pressures has been lacking. Here, we measure valve dimensions both before and after rounding and closing pressures for 120 different valve widths and lengths at post-rounding heights between 15 and 84 mm, for a total of 1200 different geometries spanning a wide range of useful sizes. We find that valve height and width after rounding depend strongly on valve aspect ratios, with these effects becoming more pronounced for taller and narrower features. Based on the measured data, we provide a simple fitted model and an online tool for estimating the pre-rounding dimensions needed to achieve desired post-rounding dimensions. We also find that valve closing pressures are well explained by modelling valve membranes in a manner analogous to a suspension bridge, shedding new light on device physics and providing a practical model for estimating closing pressures during device design.
C1 [Fordyce, P. M.; DeRisi, J. L.; Gomez-Sjoberg, R.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA.
[Fordyce, P. M.; DeRisi, J. L.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA.
[Diaz-Botia, C. A.; Gomez-Sjoberg, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Fordyce, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, 1700 4th St,Byers Hall,Room 403, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA.
EM polly@derisilab.ucsf.edu; RGomez@lbl.gov
OI Fordyce, Polly/0000-0002-9505-0638
FU Helen Hay Whitney Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
FX We thank Colin Campbell for assistance photographing microfluidic
devices, and Kurt Thorn for assistance with membrane thickness
measurements. P.M.F. was supported by a fellowship administered jointly
by the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation and the Howard Hughes Medical
Institute. R.G.-S. acknowledges generous support from the Engineering
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
NR 16
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 2
U2 12
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1473-0197
J9 LAB CHIP
JI Lab Chip
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 21
BP 4287
EP 4295
DI 10.1039/c2lc40414a
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience
& Nanotechnology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA 035BF
UT WOS:000310916100012
PM 22930180
ER
PT J
AU Kwon, JS
Ravindranath, SP
Kumar, A
Irudayaraj, J
Wereley, ST
AF Kwon, Jae-Sung
Ravindranath, Sandeep P.
Kumar, Aloke
Irudayaraj, Joseph
Wereley, Steven T.
TI Opto-electrokinetic manipulation for high-performance on-chip bioassays
SO LAB ON A CHIP
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-FLOW MAGNETOPHORESIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MAGNETIC PARTICLES;
OPTICAL TWEEZERS; SEPARATION; DIELECTROPHORESIS; GROWTH; CELLS;
ELECTROPHORESIS; BACTERIA
AB This communication first demonstrates bio-compatibility of a recently developed opto-electrokinetic manipulation technique, using microorganisms. Aggregation, patterning, translation, trapping and size-based separation of microorganisms performed with the technique firmly establishes its usefulness for development of a high-performance on-chip bioassay system.
C1 [Kwon, Jae-Sung; Wereley, Steven T.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Kwon, Jae-Sung; Wereley, Steven T.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Ravindranath, Sandeep P.; Irudayaraj, Joseph] Purdue Univ, Sch Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Ravindranath, Sandeep P.; Irudayaraj, Joseph] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Kumar, Aloke] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Wereley, ST (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM wereley@purdue.edu
RI Kumar, Aloke/A-9122-2011
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; NIH-NIEHS
[5R01ES017066-03]
FX A. Kumar performed the work as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow and staff
member at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle,
LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Also, S. P. Ravindranath and J. Irudayaraj acknowledge funding from
NIH-NIEHS 5R01ES017066-03 grant.
NR 37
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 8
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1473-0197
J9 LAB CHIP
JI Lab Chip
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 23
BP 4955
EP 4959
DI 10.1039/c2lc40662d
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience
& Nanotechnology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology -
Other Topics
GA 035BJ
UT WOS:000310916500002
PM 23099738
ER
PT J
AU Han, WQ
Liu, LJ
Sham, TK
Liu, ZX
AF Han, Wei-Qiang
Liu, Lijia
Sham, T. K.
Liu, Zhenxian
TI Structure and luminescence properties of 10-BN sheets
SO NANOSCALE
LA English
DT Article
ID BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES; NANOSHEETS; SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON
AB Isotopic (BN)-B-10 sheets were first prepared using graphene sheets as templates to react with (B2O3)-B-10. The edge-areas of BN sheets have much higher oxygen-doping ratios compared to other areas. The emission peak of X-ray excited optical luminescence spectra of the (BN)-B-10-sheets is broader and red-shifted because of the isotopic effect. A broad violet-blue emission at a wavelength centered at similar to 400 nm is assigned to the defect emission due to oxygen-doping and defects in the BN network.
C1 [Han, Wei-Qiang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Liu, Lijia; Sham, T. K.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
[Liu, Zhenxian] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Han, WQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM whan@bnl.gov
RI Han, WQ/E-2818-2013
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSERC; CRC; CFI; OIT; NRC; CHIR; University of
Saskatchewan; NSF [EAR 06-49658]; DOE/NNSA [DE-FC03-03N00144]; DOE/BES
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This research was carried out at the Center for Functional
Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), which is supported
by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Research at the University of Western
Ontario in supported by NSERC, CRC, CFI and OIT. The Canadian Light
Source (CLS), where the synchrotron measurements were conducted is
supported by CFI, NSERC, NRC, CHIR, and the University of Saskatchewan.
We would like to thank beamline scientists L. Zuin and C. Ryan (VLS-PGM
beamline), T. Regier and D. Chevrier (SGM beamline) for their technical
support at the CLS. The use of the U2A beamline at the NSLS is supported
by NSF (EAR 06-49658, COMPRES) and DOE/NNSA (DE-FC03-03N00144, CDAC).
NSLS is supported by the DOE/BES (DE-AC02-98CH10886).
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 32
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2040-3364
J9 NANOSCALE
JI Nanoscale
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 22
BP 6951
EP 6954
DI 10.1039/c2nr31757e
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 035VF
UT WOS:000310978100004
PM 23034596
ER
PT J
AU Fowlkes, JD
Kondic, L
Diez, JA
Gonzalez, AG
Wu, YY
Roberts, NA
McCold, CE
Rack, PD
AF Fowlkes, Jason D.
Kondic, Lou
Diez, Javier A.
Gonzalez, Alejandro G.
Wu, Yueying
Roberts, Nick A.
McCold, Cliff E.
Rack, Philip D.
TI Parallel assembly of particles and wires on substrates by dictating
instability evolution in liquid metal films
SO NANOSCALE
LA English
DT Article
ID NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; METAMATERIALS; FABRICATION; PLASMONICS;
DEVICES; SCALE
AB Liquid metal wires supported on substrates destabilize into droplets. The destabilization exhibits many characteristics of the Rayleigh-Plateau model of fluid jet breakup in vacuum. In either case, breakup is driven by unstable, varicose surface oscillations with wavelengths greater than the critical one (lambda(c)). Here, by controlling the nanosecond liquid lifetime as well as stability of a rivulet as a function of its length by lithography, we demonstrate the ability to dictate the parallel assembly of wires and particles with precise placement.
C1 [Fowlkes, Jason D.; Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.
[Wu, Yueying; Roberts, Nick A.; Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Kondic, Lou] New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Appl Math & Stat, Dept Math Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA.
[Diez, Javier A.; Gonzalez, Alejandro G.] Univ Nacl Ctr Prov Buenos Aires, Inst Fis Arroyo Seco, RA-7000 Tandil, Argentina.
[McCold, Cliff E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Fowlkes, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA.
EM fowlkesjd@ornl.gov
RI Roberts, Nicholas/H-3275-2014;
OI Roberts, Nicholas/0000-0002-6490-9454; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254;
Gonzalez, Alejandro G./0000-0002-4710-6414
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy;
NSF [DMS-0908158]; ANPCyT - Argentina [PICT 2498/06]
FX J. Fowlkes., Y. Wu and P. Rack acknowledge support from the U.S.
Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
Engineering Division for supporting the experimental portions of this
work related to the pulsed laser irradiation of thin films and
understanding the fundamental mechanisms operative during liquid phase,
thin film dewetting. J. Diez, P. Rack and J. Fowlkes also acknowledge
that the lithography and electron imaging results reported in this paper
were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is
sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User
Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department
of Energy. L. Kondic acknowledges support by the NSF grant no.
DMS-0908158. J. Diez and A. Gonzalez acknowledge CONICET - Argentina for
travel support within the International Cooperation Program and ANPCyT -
Argentina for support within the project PICT 2498/06.
NR 44
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 11
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2040-3364
J9 NANOSCALE
JI Nanoscale
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 23
BP 7376
EP 7382
DI 10.1039/c2nr31637d
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 035VM
UT WOS:000310978900014
PM 23041770
ER
PT J
AU Jin, MG
Zuo, WD
Chen, QY
AF Jin, Mingang
Zuo, Wangda
Chen, Qingyan
TI IMPROVEMENTS OF FAST FLUID DYNAMICS FOR SIMULATING AIR FLOW IN BUILDINGS
SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART B-FUNDAMENTALS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; MODELS; SCHEMES; TIME; FFD
AB Fast fluid dynamics (FFD) can potentially be used for real-time indoor air-flow simulations. This study developed two-dimensional fast fluid dynamics (2-D FFD) into three-dimensional fast fluid dynamics (3-D FFD). The implementation of boundary conditions at the outlet was improved with a local mass conservation method. A near-wall treatment for the semi-Lagrangian scheme was also proposed. This study validated the 3-D FFD with five flows that have features of indoor air flow. The results show that the 3-D FFD can successfully capture the three dimensionality of air-flow and provide reliable and reasonably accurate simulations for indoor air flows with a speed of about 15 times faster than current computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools.
C1 [Chen, Qingyan] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Natl Air Transportat Ctr Excellence Res Intermoda, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Zuo, Wangda] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chen, QY (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Natl Air Transportat Ctr Excellence Res Intermoda, 585 Purdue Mall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM yanchen@purdue.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Energy Efficient Buildings Hub
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the
Energy Efficient Buildings Hub.
NR 25
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1040-7790
J9 NUMER HEAT TR B-FUND
JI Numer Heat Tranf. B-Fundam.
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 6
BP 419
EP 438
DI 10.1080/10407790.2012.724988
PG 20
WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics
GA 035PG
UT WOS:000310958900002
ER
PT J
AU Mendelev, MI
Kramer, MJ
Hao, SG
Ho, KM
Wang, CZ
AF Mendelev, M. I.
Kramer, M. J.
Hao, S. G.
Ho, K. M.
Wang, C. Z.
TI Computer simulation of the structure of MZr2 liquid and amorphous alloys
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE molecular dynamics simulation; X-ray diffraction; liquid metal;
amorphous alloy
ID CU-ZR ALLOYS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS APPROPRIATE; THERMODYNAMIC
REASSESSMENT; SYSTEM; TRANSITION; NI; TRANSFORMATIONS; ENTHALPIES;
ZIRCONIUM; METALS
AB In the present study, we compare the structure of NiZr2 and CuZr2 disordered (liquid and amorphous) alloys. While Cu and Ni have similar atomic radii, the formation heats of these alloys differ by more than a factor of two. Moreover, the most stable crystal phase in the CuZr2 alloy has the C11b lattice while the most stable phase in the NiZr2 alloy has the C16 lattice. Comparing these two alloys allows us to directly explore how the chemistry and atomic size affect the disordered phase structure. We find that all differences in the structures of the disordered alloys are readily explained by the smaller Ni-Zr separation driven by the higher heat of mixing and the structure of the disordered alloys does not necessarily resemble the local packing structure of their crystalline counterparts. Comparison of the disordered alloys and their most stable crystal phase structures explains the better glass formability of the CuZr2 alloy.
C1 [Mendelev, M. I.; Kramer, M. J.; Hao, S. G.; Ho, K. M.; Wang, C. Z.] Ames Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Ho, K. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM mendelev@ameslab.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering.
The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory. Ames Laboratory is
operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University
under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358.
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 20
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1478-6435
J9 PHILOS MAG
JI Philos. Mag.
PY 2012
VL 92
IS 33
BP 4098
EP 4112
DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.704424
PG 15
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA 034FB
UT WOS:000310854700005
ER
PT J
AU Dubinko, VI
Hu, S
Li, Y
Henager, CH
Kurtz, RJ
AF Dubinko, V. I.
Hu, S.
Li, Yu
Henager, C. H., Jr.
Kurtz, R. J.
TI Dislocation vs. production bias revisited with account of
radiation-induced emission bias. I. Void swelling under electron and
light ion irradiation
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE radiation damage; bias factors; focusons; quodons; Schottky defects;
dynamic equilibrium
ID INDUCED VACANCY EMISSION; LATTICE FORMATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SINK
STRENGTHS; POINT-DEFECTS; DAMAGE; CRYSTALS; METALS; BREATHERS; EVOLUTION
AB Early experimental data on void swelling in electron-irradiated materials disagree with the dislocation bias models based on the dislocation-point defect elastic interactions. Later, this became one of the factors that prompted the development of models based on production bias (PBM) as the main driver for swelling, which assumed that the dislocation bias was much lower than that predicted by theoretical analyses of dislocation bias. However, the PBM in its present form fails to account for important and common observations, namely, the indefinite void growth often observed under cascade irradiation and the swelling saturation observed under high-dose irradiation and in void lattices. In this paper, we show that these contradictions can be naturally resolved in the framework of the rate theory that accounts for the radiation-induced vacancy emission from extended defects, such as voids, dislocations and grain boundaries. This modification introduces a new bias type in the theory, namely, the emission bias. This modified rate theory agrees well with the experimental data and demonstrates that the original dislocation bias should be used in rate theory models along with the emission bias in different irradiation environments. The modified theory predictions include, but are not limited to, the radiation-induced annealing of voids, swelling saturation under high-dose irradiation, generally, and in void lattices, in particular.
C1 [Dubinko, V. I.] NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
[Hu, S.; Li, Yu; Henager, C. H., Jr.; Kurtz, R. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Dubinko, VI (reprint author), NSC Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine.
EM vdubinko@mail.ru
OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082
FU STCU [5497, 5228]; PNNL EED LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX This study has been supported by the STCU grants # 5497; # 5228 and by
PNNL EED LDRD and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy
Sciences under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 52
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 13
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1478-6435
J9 PHILOS MAG
JI Philos. Mag.
PY 2012
VL 92
IS 33
BP 4113
EP 4150
DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.704425
PG 38
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA 034FB
UT WOS:000310854700006
ER
PT J
AU Fodor, Z
Holland, K
Kuti, J
Nogradi, D
Schroeder, C
Wong, CH
AF Fodor, Zoltan
Holland, Kieran
Kuti, Julius
Nogradi, Daniel
Schroeder, Christopher
Wong, Chik Him
TI Lattice Methods in Gauge Theories beyond the Standard Model
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PHASE-TRANSITION; QUARK FLAVORS; LIGHT QUARKS; QCD;
FERMIONS; SPECTRUM; BEHAVIOR; ORDER; SU(2)
AB We report extended simulation results and their new analysis in two important gauge theories with twelve fermion flavors in the fundamental SU(3) color representation and two fermions in the sextet representation. We probe the N-f = 12 model with respect to the conformal window using mass deformed finite size scaling (FSS) theory driven by the fermion mass anomalous dimension. Our results at fixed gauge coupling show problems with the conformal scenario of the N-f = 12 model. In the sextet model with two flavors, under the conformal hypothesis, we determine large values for the anomalous fermion mass dimension with gamma >= 1. Since our sextet analysis favors the chiral symmetry breaking hypothesis without conformality, the large exponent gamma could play an important role in understanding the composite Higgs mechanism. The new results discussed here include our extended data sets and exceed what was presented at the conference.
C1 [Fodor, Zoltan] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
[Holland, Kieran] Univ Pacific, Dept Phys, Stockton, CA 95211 USA.
[Kuti, Julius; Wong, Chik Him] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys 0319, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
[Nogradi, Daniel] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
[Schroeder, Christopher] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Fodor, Z (reprint author), Berg Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, Gaussstr 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
EM fodor@bodri.elte.hu; kholland@pacific.edu; jkuti@ucsd.edu;
nogradi@bodri.elte.hu; chris.schroeder@gmail.com;
rickywong@physics.ucsd.edu
FU NSF [0704171, 0970137]; DOE [DOE-FG03-97ER40546, DOE-FG-02-97ER25308];
DFG [FO 502/1, SFB-TR/55]; EU/ERC [208740]; National Science Foundation
[OCI-1053575]
FX Julius Kuti would like to thank Koichi Yamawaki and Yasumichi Aoki for
their kind hospitality at the Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute and for the
most enjoyable Sakata100 symposium. We are grateful to Kalman Szabo and
Sandor Katz for their code development and to Anna Hasenfratz for
discussions. The simulations were performed using computational
resources at Fermi lab and nab, under the auspices of USQCD and SciDAC.
This research is supported by the NSF under grants 0704171 and 0970137,
by the DOE under grants DOE-FG03-97ER40546, DOE-FG-02-97ER25308, by the
DFG under grant FO 502/1 and by SFB-TR/55, and the EU Framework
Programme 7 grant (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC No. 208740. Some of the
simulations used allocations from the Extreme Science and Engineering
Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science
Foundation grant number OCI-1053575.
NR 72
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE
PI KYOTO
PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN
SN 0375-9687
J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP
JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.
PY 2012
IS 197
BP 31
EP 45
PG 15
GA 036YJ
UT WOS:000311067900006
ER
PT J
AU Bardeen, WA
AF Bardeen, William A.
TI Kaons - A Micro-Physics Laboratory - "Will You Still Need Me When I'm
64?" (The Beatles)
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CP-VIOLATION; PARTICLES; MODEL; SYMMETRY; BARYONS; MESONS
AB I explore the essential role that kaons have played in revealing the nature of the microphysics world of elementary particle physics.
C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Bardeen, WA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 42
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE
PI KYOTO
PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN
SN 0375-9687
J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP
JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.
PY 2012
IS 197
BP 128
EP 135
PG 8
GA 036YJ
UT WOS:000311067900013
ER
PT J
AU Mrozek, RA
Knorr, DB
Spangler, SW
Cole, PJ
Lenhart, JL
AF Mrozek, Randy A.
Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.
Spangler, Scott W.
Cole, Phillip J.
Lenhart, Joseph L.
TI Impact of precursor size on the chain structure and mechanical
properties of solvent-swollen epoxy gels
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID LINKED POLYMER NETWORKS; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS; VISCOELASTIC
PROPERTIES; MONTE-CARLO; MODULUS; SIMULATION; CYCLIZATION; ELASTOMERS;
DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR
AB The thermal and mechanical properties of solvent-swollen epoxy gels were investigated as a function of pre-cursor size in a model end-linked network. The epoxy networks were formed by cross-linking diepoxide and diamine precursors in the presence of a low volatility solvent, dibutylphthalate (DBP). Both precursors were end functionalized and contained a poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) spacer between the epoxy and amine functionality, respectively. The lengths of both precursors were controlled by varying the molecular weight of the PPG spacer between functional groups. The glass transition temperature for the gels as a function of solvent loading was well predicted by the Fox equation. The scaling factors of shear storage modulus versus solvent loading increased with increasing diamine precursor molecular weight to values much larger (3.91) than the theoretical value of 2.3, for entanglement dominated network formation in a theta solvent. In contrast, the scaling factor increased with decreasing epoxy precursor molecular weight to values near 4.5. The large, molecular weight dependent scaling factors are attributed to loop defect formation as the result of the amine cross-linker architecture, which consists of two difunctional reactive end groups separated by a spacer. Rather than equal spacing of all four reactive sites, the amine end groups contain two reactive hydrogens that increase the local concentration of reactive species, and facilitates loop formation. We anticipate that this work will aid in the development of non-aqueous gels and provide enhanced tailoring of the gel properties over a broad range of stiffness.
C1 [Mrozek, Randy A.; Knorr, Daniel B., Jr.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] USA, Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA.
[Mrozek, Randy A.; Spangler, Scott W.; Cole, Phillip J.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Mrozek, RA (reprint author), USA, Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA.
EM randy.a.mrozek.civ@mail.mil; joseph.l.lenhart.civ@mail.mil
NR 47
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 23
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 43
BP 11185
EP 11192
DI 10.1039/c2sm25768h
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 033VM
UT WOS:000310829500022
ER
PT J
AU Singh, S
Junghans, A
Waltman, MJ
Nagy, A
Iyer, R
Majewski, J
AF Singh, Saurabh
Junghans, Ann
Waltman, Mary J.
Nagy, Amber
Iyer, Rashi
Majewski, Jaroslaw
TI Neutron reflectometry characterization of PEI-PSS polyelectrolyte
multilayers for cell culture
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID RAY REFLECTIVITY; FILMS; ELLIPSOMETRY; ATTACHMENT; TRANSPORT; POLYMER;
SURFACE
AB Using Neutron Reflectometry (NR), polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films made by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of a strong polycation (polyethylene imine [PEI]) and a polyanion (polystyrene sulfonate [PSS]) have been characterized. PEI terminated samples with a total of 5, 7, and 9 layers were deposited on a quartz substrate and studied under three different environmental conditions (i.e., dry air, 100% relative humidity, and bulk water). We were able to model all the measurements at three different contrast conditions using one simple, physically reasonable and consistent model, which led to a firm understanding of the structure of the systems. The PEM thickness was found to vary linearly with the number of layers deposited. Thin film structures formed using the LbL method were constituted of two distinctive regions, i.e., the bottomand top strata. When measured in dry air and D2O vapors, the similar to 30 to 50 angstrom thick bottom stratum was found to consist of loosely packed polymers (i.e. 30% polymer by volume). This region could have resulted from an island type of deposition during the initial stages of LbL assembly. In contrast, the thickness of the top strata, which consisted of densely packed polymers (i.e. 100% polymer by volume when measured in dry air), was found to vary linearly with the number of layers deposited. Upon exposure to D2O saturated vapors, it was observed that the top and bottom strata absorbed significant quantities of heavy water, accompanied with PEM swelling. We estimated that in this case, the top strata comprise ca. 57% (v/v) polymer and 43% (v/v) D2O for 7- and 9-layered samples. No further swelling of the PEM samples was observed when they were exposed to bulk D2O. Nevertheless, the entire polymeric system underwent a rearrangement leading towards the homogenization of the multilayered structure, suggested by the decreased scattering contrast between the top and bottom strata. We also performed studies to assess the cytocompatibility of 7-layered PEM structures. Two different cell types, fibroblasts (3T3) and human embryo kidney cells (HEK-293), were seeded on the polyelectrolyte multilayer, and the cell coverage was monitored by optical microscopy at varying times. Our observations confirmed that cells adhered and spread on PEM substrates, which showed no sign of immediate toxicity. Therefore, such multilayers proved to be a suitable support for 3T3 and HEK-293 cell growth.
C1 [Singh, Saurabh; Junghans, Ann; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Waltman, Mary J.; Nagy, Amber; Iyer, Rashi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Singh, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM saurabh@lanl.gov; jarek@lanl.gov
RI Junghans, Ann/A-4257-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; singh,
saurabh/A-6119-2010
OI Junghans, Ann/0000-0001-7061-4663;
FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory
under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center
at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center funded by the DOE Office of Basic
Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE contract
DE-AC52-06NA25396. We are thankful to Sofiya Micheva-Viteva and
Elisabeth Hong-Geller for providing the HEK-293 cells.
NR 30
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 22
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 45
BP 11484
EP 11491
DI 10.1039/c2sm26433a
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 033VP
UT WOS:000310829800010
ER
PT S
AU Kasdin, NJ
Lisman, D
Shaklan, S
Thomson, M
Cady, E
Martin, S
Marchen, L
Vanderbei, RJ
Macintosh, B
Rudd, RE
Savransky, D
Mikula, J
Lynch, D
AF Kasdin, N. J.
Lisman, D.
Shaklan, S.
Thomson, M.
Cady, E.
Martin, S.
Marchen, L.
Vanderbei, R. J.
Macintosh, B.
Rudd, R. E.
Savransky, D.
Mikula, J.
Lynch, D.
BE Clampin, MC
Fazio, GG
MacEwen, HA
Oschmann, JM
TI Technology demonstration of starshade manufacturing for NASA's Exoplanet
Mission Program
SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2012: OPTICAL, INFRARED, AND
MILLIMETER WAVE
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Optical, Infrared,
and Millimeter Wave
CY JUL 01-06, 2012
CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
SP SPIE
DE External occulters; occulters; starshades; exoplanets; high-contrast
imaging; TDEM
AB It is likely that the coming decade will see the development of a large visible light telescope with enabling technology for imaging exosolar Earthlike planets in the habitable zone of nearby stars. One such technology utilizes an external occulter, a satellite flying far from the telescope and employing a large screen, or starshade, to suppress the incoming starlight sufficiently for detecting and characterizing exoplanets. This trades the added complexity of building the precisely shaped starshade and flying it information against simplifications in the telescope since extremely precise wavefront control is no longer necessary. In this paper we present the results of our project to design, manufacture, and measure a prototype occulter petal as part of NASA's first Technology Development for Exoplanet Missions program. We describe the mechanical design of the starshade and petal, the precision manufacturing tolerances, and the metrology approach. We demonstrate that the prototype petal meets the requirements and is consistent with a full-size occulter achieving better than 10(-10) contrast.
C1 [Kasdin, N. J.; Vanderbei, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Lisman, D.; Shaklan, S.; Thomson, M.; Cady, E.; Martin, S.; Marchen, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Macintosh, B.; Rudd, R. E.; Savransky, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Mikula, J.; Lynch, D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.
RP Kasdin, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM jkasdin@princeton.edu
RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014
OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX10AF83G]; Jet
Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology under NASA;
U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was partially performed under a grant from the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), grant number NNX10AF83G.
This work was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. The work of
Macintosh, Rudd and Savransky was performed under the auspices of the
U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9143-5
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8442
AR 84420A
DI 10.1117/12.926790
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics
GA BCM09
UT WOS:000310691600009
ER
PT S
AU Ferreira, MJ
Seraphim, RM
Ramirez, AJ
Tabacniks, MH
Nascente, PAP
AF Ferreira, M. J.
Seraphim, R. M.
Ramirez, A. J.
Tabacniks, M. H.
Nascente, P. A. P.
BE Pan, F
Chen, X
TI Characterization and evaluation of Ti-Zr-V non-evaporable getter films
used in vacuum systems
SO 18TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM CONGRESS (IVC-18)
SE Physics Procedia
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 18th International Vacuum Congress (IVC)
CY AUG 23-27, 2010
CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Int Union Vacuum Sci, Tech & Applicat (IUVSTA), Chinese Vacuum Soc (CVS)
DE NEG; thermal treatment; X-ray diffraction (XRD); atomic force microscopy
(AFM); high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
ID TEMPERATURE; LAMPS
AB Among several methods used to obtain ultra-high vacuum (UHV) for particles accelerators chambers, it stands out the internal coating with metallic films capable of absorbing gases, called NEG (non-evaporable getter). Usually these materials are constituted by elements of great chemical reactivity and solubility (such as Ti, Zr, and V), at room temperature for oxygen and other gases typically found in UHV, such as H-2, CO, and CO2. Gold and ternary Ti-Zr-V films were produced by magnetron sputtering, and their composition, structure, morphology, and aging characteristics were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The comparison between the produced films and commercial samples indicated that the desirable characteristics depend on the nanometric structure of the films and that this structure is sensitive to the heat treatments. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B. V. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Chinese Vacuum Society (CVS).
C1 [Ferreira, M. J.; Seraphim, R. M.; Ramirez, A. J.] Brazilizan Synchrotron Light Lab, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
[Ferreira, M. J.; Nascente, P. A. P.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Mat Engn Dept, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
[Tabacniks, M. H.] Univ Sao Carlos, Inst Phys, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
[Ferreira, M. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Ferreira, MJ (reprint author), Brazilizan Synchrotron Light Lab, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
RI Tabacniks, Manfredo/M-6620-2014; Juni Ferreira, Marcelo/I-5028-2015;
OI Tabacniks, Manfredo/0000-0002-1303-2314; Ramirez, Antonio
Jose/0000-0002-4252-2857
FU FAPESP; CNPq; LNLS
FX This work supported by FAPESP and CNPq, (Brazilian funding agencies),
and LNLS. We are grateful to Mr. P. Manini and Mr S. Raimondi from SAES
Getters for having prepared and provided some samples.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1875-3892
J9 PHYSCS PROC
PY 2012
VL 32
BP 840
EP 852
DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.644
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA BCM02
UT WOS:000310677500121
ER
PT B
AU Muljadi, E
Gevorgian, V
Singh, M
Santoso, S
AF Muljadi, E.
Gevorgian, V.
Singh, M.
Santoso, S.
GP IEEE
TI Understanding Inertial and Frequency Response of Wind Power Plants
SO 2012 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES IN WIND APPLICATIONS (PEMWA)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications
(PEMWA)
CY JUL 16-18, 2012
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS), IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS)
DE wind turbine; inertial response; governor response; frequency response
ID TURBINES; SPEED
AB The objective of this paper is to analyze and quantify the inertia and frequency responses of wind power plants with different wind turbine technologies (particularly those of fixed speed, variable slip with rotor-resistance controls, and variable speed with vector controls). The fundamental theory, the operating range, and the modifications needed for the wind turbine to contribute to the inertial and primary frequency response during the frequency drop will be presented in this paper. We will demonstrate practical approaches to allow variable slip and speed wind turbines to contribute inertia to the host power system grid. The approaches are based on the inclusion of frequency error and the rate of change of frequency signals in the torque control loop and pitch control actions for wind speeds below and above its rated value. Detailed simulation models in the time domain will be conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the approaches.
C1 [Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.; Singh, M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Santoso, S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Elect Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov; vahan.gevorgian@nrel.gov; mohit.singh@nrel.gov;
ssantoso@ece.utexas.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1129-8; 978-1-4673-1128-1
PY 2012
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BCL56
UT WOS:000310624700006
ER
PT B
AU Singh, M
Muljadi, E
Gevorgian, V
AF Singh, M.
Muljadi, E.
Gevorgian, V.
GP IEEE
TI Test Cases for Wind Power Plant Dynamic Models on Real-Time Digital
Simulator
SO 2012 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS AND MACHINES IN WIND APPLICATIONS (PEMWA)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Conference on Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications
(PEMWA)
CY JUL 16-18, 2012
CL Denver, CO
SP IEEE, IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS), IEEE Power & Energy Soc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS)
DE Wind power generation; real-time digital simulator; LVRT
AB The objective of this paper is to present test cases for wind turbine generator and wind power plant models commonly used during commissioning of wind power plants to ensure grid integration compatibility. In this paper, different types of wind power plant models based on the Western Electricity Coordinating Council Wind Generator Modeling Group's standardization efforts are implemented on a real-time digital simulator, and different test cases are used to gauge their grid integration capability. The low-voltage ride through and reactive power support capability and limitations of wind turbine generators under different grid conditions are explored. Several types of transient events (e.g., symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, frequency dips) are included in the test cases. The differences in responses from different types of wind turbine are discussed in detail.
C1 [Singh, M.; Muljadi, E.; Gevorgian, V.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Singh, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov
FU RTDS Technologies; Nayak Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of RTDS Technologies and
Nayak Corporation. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of
Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1129-8; 978-1-4673-1128-1
PY 2012
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA BCL56
UT WOS:000310624700005
ER
PT S
AU Geisz, JF
Duda, A
France, RM
Friedman, DJ
Garcia, I
Olavarria, W
Olson, JM
Steiner, MA
Ward, JS
Young, M
AF Geisz, John F.
Duda, Anna
France, Ryan M.
Friedman, Daniel J.
Garcia, Ivan
Olavarria, Waldo
Olson, Jerry M.
Steiner, Myles A.
Ward, J. Scott
Young, Michelle
BE Dimroth, F
Rubio, F
Anton, I
TI Optimization Of 3-Junction Inverted Metamorphic Solar Cells For
High-Temperature And High-Concentration Operation
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
(CPV-8)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV)
CY APR 16-18, 2012
CL Toledo, SPAIN
SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd
DE III-V; multijunction; solar cell; concentrating photovoltaics; inverted
metamorphic; IMM
AB Four different band gap combinations of triple-junction inverted metamorphic solar cells are characterized as a function of temperature and concentration up to 120 degrees C and similar to 1000 suns. We demonstrate that the standard 1.82/1.40/1.00 eV combination is an excellent for typical operating conditions of 1000 suns and 75 degrees C. Improved metal grids and thermal management in such a cell has achieved 42.6% efficiency at 327 suns and 40.9% at 1093 suns at 25 degrees C.
C1 [Geisz, John F.; Duda, Anna; France, Ryan M.; Friedman, Daniel J.; Garcia, Ivan; Olavarria, Waldo; Olson, Jerry M.; Steiner, Myles A.; Ward, J. Scott; Young, Michelle] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RI Garcia, Ivan/L-1547-2014
OI Garcia, Ivan/0000-0002-9895-2020
NR 7
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1086-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1477
BP 44
EP 48
DI 10.1063/1.4753830
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Physics
GA BCL59
UT WOS:000310629900010
ER
PT S
AU Muller, M
Kurtz, S
Rodriguez, J
AF Muller, Matthew
Kurtz, Sarah
Rodriguez, Jose
BE Dimroth, F
Rubio, F
Anton, I
TI Three Years Of Observed Failures And Performance Related Issues
Associated With On-Sun CPV Module Testing
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
(CPV-8)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV)
CY APR 16-18, 2012
CL Toledo, SPAIN
SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd
DE CPV; Cell failure; Condensation; Hail; Lens Performance
AB In the past three years, at least 15 different concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) companies have sent modules to NREL for on-sun testing and evaluation. While the data set is intended primarily for other purposes, it is useful to present the various failures and performance issues that have occurred over these three years. It is emphasized that many of these modules were prototypes that had not completed design qualification. The observations presented here elucidate potential design challenges the CPV industry generally faces, and in one case an additional test is suggested for the design qualification standard.
C1 [Muller, Matthew; Kurtz, Sarah; Rodriguez, Jose] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Muller, M (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM matthew.muller@nrel.gov
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1086-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1477
BP 143
EP 147
DI 10.1063/1.4753854
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Physics
GA BCL59
UT WOS:000310629900034
ER
PT S
AU Bosco, N
Silverman, T
Kurtz, S
AF Bosco, Nick
Silverman, Timothy
Kurtz, Sarah
BE Dimroth, F
Rubio, F
Anton, I
TI Simulation And Experiment Of Thermal Fatigue In The CPV Die Attach
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
(CPV-8)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV)
CY APR 16-18, 2012
CL Toledo, SPAIN
SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd
DE Thermal Fatigue; Accelerated Lifetime Testing; FEM; CPV; Die Attach;
Solder; Strain Energy
AB FEM simulation and accelerated thermal cycling have been performed for the CPV die attach. Trends in fatigue damage accumulation and equivalent test time are explored and found to be most sensitive to temperature ramp rate. Die attach crack growth is measured through cycling and found to be in excellent agreement with simulations of the inelastic strain energy accumulated. Simulations of an entire year of weather data provides for the relative ranking of fatigue damage between four cities as well as their equivalent accelerated test time.
C1 [Bosco, Nick; Silverman, Timothy; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Bosco, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1086-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1477
BP 267
EP 271
DI 10.1063/1.4753883
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Physics
GA BCL59
UT WOS:000310629900063
ER
PT S
AU Gerstmaier, T
Buhrer, M
Rottger, M
Gombert, A
Hansen, CW
Stein, JS
AF Gerstmaier, Tobias
Buehrer, Michael
Roettger, Michael
Gombert, Andreas
Hansen, Clifford W.
Stein, Joshua S.
BE Dimroth, F
Rubio, F
Anton, I
TI How Predictable Is DNI? An Evaluation Of Day Ahead DNI Forecasts From
Four Different Providers
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
(CPV-8)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV)
CY APR 16-18, 2012
CL Toledo, SPAIN
SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd
DE DNI; forecast; evaluation; electric power unit commitment scheduling
AB Forecast DNI values in hourly resolution for one day ahead are evaluated by a comparison with pyrheliometer ground measurements. Three months of such day ahead forecasts from four different providers for a site close to Questa, NM, USA are analyzed firstly by calculating the RMSE and the mean bias error. Secondly, cumulative distributions of the DNI forecast errors are calculated as they better suit the context of a utility's use of the forecast.
C1 [Gerstmaier, Tobias; Buehrer, Michael; Roettger, Michael; Gombert, Andreas] Soitec Solar GmbH, Botzinger Str 31, D-79111 Freiberg, Germany.
[Buehrer, Michael; Roettger, Michael; Gombert, Andreas] Soitec Solar GmbH, D-79111 Freiberg, Germany.
[Hansen, Clifford W.; Stein, Joshua S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Gerstmaier, T (reprint author), Soitec Solar GmbH, Botzinger Str 31, D-79111 Freiberg, Germany.
EM tobias.gerstmaier@soitec.com
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1086-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1477
BP 305
EP 308
DI 10.1063/1.4753892
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Physics
GA BCL59
UT WOS:000310629900072
ER
PT S
AU Hashimoto, J
Kurtz, S
Sakurai, K
Muller, M
Otani, K
AF Hashimoto, Jun
Kurtz, Sarah
Sakurai, Keiichiro
Muller, Matthew
Otani, Kenji
BE Dimroth, F
Rubio, F
Anton, I
TI Performance Of CPV System Using Three Types Of III-V Multi-Junction
Solar Cells
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
(CPV-8)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Conference on Concentrating Photovoltaic Systems (CPV)
CY APR 16-18, 2012
CL Toledo, SPAIN
SP Amonix, Inc, AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Soitec Solar GmbH, SolFocus, Abengoa, Aescusoft GmbH, Evonik, JDSU, AL Syst GmbH, Black Photon Instruments GmbH, Centro Nacl Energias Renovables (CENER), Concentrator Opt GmbH, Daido Steel, Docter Opt GmbH, Isofoton, S A, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Renovalia Energy, S A, Teknia Mfg Grp, S L, Umicore Electro-Opt Mat, Zhejiang Lante Opt Co., Ltd
DE CPV; performance; field test; spectrum; multi-junction cells; alignment
ID JUNCTION
AB Performance of III-V multi-junction solar cells depends on spectral conditions according to which junction limits the photocurrent. Specifically, the response of concentrating multi-junction solar cells depends on the illumination at the cell surface. Because the illumination condition depends on alignment, it is important to characterize the CPV performance not only for a mono-module but also for a system or an array. In this paper the spectral effect on the CPV system and the mono-module consisting of III-V multi-junction solar cells from three different manufactures will be discussed.
C1 [Hashimoto, Jun; Sakurai, Keiichiro; Otani, Kenji] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Cent 2,1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan.
[Kurtz, Sarah; Muller, Matthew] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Hashimoto, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Cent 2,1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan.
EM j.hashimoto@aist.go.jp
FU New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO)
under the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI); U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-A N-AC36-N-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy
Laboratory
FX The authors would like to thank Daisuke Nishi, Takashi Ueda, Yanqun Xue,
Yuki Tsuno and Yoshihiro Hishikawa at AIST. This work was supported by
the Incorporated Administrative Agency New Energy and Industrial
Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the Ministry of
Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) and partially supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-A N-AC36-N-GO28308 with the
National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
NR 9
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1086-2
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1477
BP 372
EP 375
DI 10.1063/1.4753908
PG 4
WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Physics
GA BCL59
UT WOS:000310629900088
ER
PT J
AU Tyrsted, C
Jensen, KMO
Bojesen, ED
Lock, N
Christensen, M
Billinge, SJL
Iversen, BB
AF Tyrsted, Christoffer
Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbjerg
Bojesen, Espen Drath
Lock, Nina
Christensen, Mogens
Billinge, Simon J. L.
Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt
TI Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Ceria Nanoparticles Under
Hydrothermal Conditions
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE crystal growth; hydrothermal synthesis; nanoparticles; X-ray
diffraction; X-ray scattering
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; IN-SITU; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION;
OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GROWTH; WATER; POWDERS; SIZE
C1 [Tyrsted, Christoffer; Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbjerg; Bojesen, Espen Drath; Lock, Nina; Christensen, Mogens; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt] Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Mat Crystallog, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
[Tyrsted, Christoffer; Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbjerg; Bojesen, Espen Drath; Lock, Nina; Christensen, Mogens; Iversen, Bo Brummerstedt] Aarhus Univ, INANO, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
[Billinge, Simon J. L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Billinge, Simon J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Iversen, BB (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Mat Crystallog, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
EM bo@chem.au.dk
RI Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbj/I-9367-2012; Bojesen, Espen/O-7391-2015
OI Jensen, Kirsten Marie Ornsbj/0000-0003-0291-217X; Bojesen,
Espen/0000-0002-9352-9514
FU Danish National Research Foundation (Center for Materials
Crystallography); Danish Strategic Research Council (Center for Energy
Materials); Danish Research Council for Nature and Universe (Danscatt);
US National Science Foundation
FX This work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation
(Center for Materials Crystallography), the Danish Strategic Research
Council (Center for Energy Materials), the Danish Research Council for
Nature and Universe (Danscatt), and the US National Science Foundation.
The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences.
NR 34
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 9
U2 109
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 36
BP 9030
EP 9033
DI 10.1002/anie.201204747
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 995WB
UT WOS:000308043900012
PM 22893454
ER
PT J
AU Holder, AL
Carter, BJ
Goth-Goldstein, R
Lucas, D
Koshland, CP
AF Holder, Amara L.
Carter, Brietta J.
Goth-Goldstein, Regine
Lucas, Donald
Koshland, Catherine P.
TI Increased cytotoxicity of oxidized flame soot
SO ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Soot; Ozone; Toxicity; Health effects
ID AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; DIESEL EXHAUST; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE
TOXICITY; CARBON PARTICLES; DIFFUSION FLAME; RAT LUNG; OZONE;
GENERATION; OXIDATION
AB Combustion-generated particles released into the atmosphere undergo reactions with oxidants, which can change the particles' physiochemical characteristics. In this work, we compare the physical and chemical properties and cellular response of particles fresh from a flame with those oxidized by ozone and nitrogen dioxide. The reaction with ozone and nitrogen dioxide does not significantly modify the physical characteristics of the particles (primary particle size, fractal dimension, and surface area). However, oxidation affects the chemical characteristics of the particles, creating more oxygen and nitrogen containing functional groups, and increases their hydrophilicity. In addition, oxidized soot generates more reactive oxygen species, as measured by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Furthermore, oxidized soot is 1.5 - 2 times more toxic than soot that was not reacted with ozone, but the inflammatory response, measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, is unchanged. These results imply that combustion-generated particles released into the atmosphere will have an increased toxicity on or after high ozone days. (C) Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
C1 [Carter, Brietta J.; Goth-Goldstein, Regine; Lucas, Donald] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Lucas, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM D_lucas@lbl.gov
FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Basic
Research Program [P42-ESO47050-01]; University of California, Berkeley
FX The authors are grateful to Marion Russell, Russell Carrington, Xiangyun
Song, Thomas Kirchstetter, and Odelle Hadley for their assistance with
data collection. Funding was provided by National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Basic Research Program (Grant
P42-ESO47050-01), and the Wood Calvert Chair of Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley.
NR 37
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 2
U2 22
PU TURKISH NATL COMMITTEE AIR POLLUTION RES & CONTROL-TUNCAP
PI BUCA
PA DOKUZ EYLUL UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TINAZTEPE CAMPUS,
BUCA, IZMIR 35160, TURKEY
SN 1309-1042
J9 ATMOS POLLUT RES
JI Atmos. Pollut. Res.
PD JAN
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 1
BP 25
EP 31
DI 10.5094/APR.2012.001
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 029RY
UT WOS:000310514500002
ER
PT S
AU Ginocchio, JN
AF Ginocchio, Joseph N.
BE Bijker, R
TI Relativistic symmetries
SO BEAUTY IN PHYSICS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT: IN HONOR OF FRANCESCO LACHELLO
ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Meeting on Beauty in Physics - Theory and Experiment in Honor of
Francesco Lachello on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday
CY MAY 14-18, 2012
CL MEXICO
SP UNAM, Consejo Tecnico Investigac Cientifica, UNAM, Inst Ciencias Nucl, SMF, Div Fisica Nucl
DE Pseudospin symmetry; Dirac Hamiltonian; U(3) symmetry
ID PSEUDOSPIN SYMMETRY; MIXED CONFIGURATIONS; NUCLEI; DECAY; TRANSITIONS;
SCHEMES
AB We show that pseudospin symmetry is a SU(2) symmetry of the Dirac Hamiltonian for which the vector and scalar potentials are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. We give some experimental implications of this insight for atomic nuclei. We show that the Dirac Hamiltonian that has a vector harmonic oscillator potential equal but opposite in sign of the scalar potential has a pseudo-U(3) symmetry and we derive the generators for this symmetry.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
RP Ginocchio, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1100-5
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1488
BP 174
EP 181
DI 10.1063/1.4759396
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BCM07
UT WOS:000310687200020
ER
PT S
AU Cizewski, A
Jones, KL
Kozub, RL
Manning, B
Nunes, F
Pain, SD
AF Cizewski, A.
Jones, K. L.
Kozub, R. L.
Manning, B.
Nunes, F.
Pain, S. D.
CA RIBENS Collaboration
BE Bijker, R
TI Single-neutron excitations near Sn-132
SO BEAUTY IN PHYSICS: THEORY AND EXPERIMENT: IN HONOR OF FRANCESCO LACHELLO
ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 70TH BIRTHDAY
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Meeting on Beauty in Physics - Theory and Experiment in Honor of
Francesco Lachello on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday
CY MAY 14-18, 2012
CL MEXICO
SP UNAM, Consejo Tecnico Investigac Cientifica, UNAM, Inst Ciencias Nucl, SMF, Div Fisica Nucl
DE Nuclear reactions with radioactive ion beams; spectroscopy of
Sn-131,Sn-133; surrogate reaction for neutron capture
ID NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; SYMMETRY; MODEL; O(6)
AB Single-neutron excitations in neutron-rich tin isotopes have been studied with (d,p) reactions in inverse kinematics with accelerated beams of 124,126,128,130,132Sn. Reaction protons were measured with silicon strip detectors from ORRUBA. For the heavier isotopes, f and p single neutron configurations from across the N=82 gap dominate the spectra. Heavy-ion induced neutron transfer reactions have recently been measured with particle-gamma-ray coincidences. Measures of direct neutron capture can be obtained from the spectroscopic factors for p states. Plans to deduce the statistical component of neutron-capture cross sections are discussed.
C1 [Cizewski, A.; Manning, B.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
[Jones, K. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Kozub, R. L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA.
[Nunes, F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Nunes, F.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Pain, S. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Cizewski, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011; Pain, Steven/E-1188-2011
OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379; Pain, Steven/0000-0003-3081-688X
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1100-5
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1488
BP 198
EP 203
DI 10.1063/1.4759399
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BCM07
UT WOS:000310687200023
ER
PT S
AU Cheah, YW
Plale, B
Kendall-Morwick, J
Leake, D
Ramakrishnan, L
AF Cheah, You-Wei
Plale, Beth
Kendall-Morwick, Joey
Leake, David
Ramakrishnan, Lavanya
BE Daniel, F
Barkaoui, K
Dustdar, S
TI A Noisy 10GB Provenance Database
SO BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT WORKSHOPS, PT II
SE Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2011)
CY AUG 29, 2011
CL Clermont Ferrand, FRANCE
DE Data provenance; scientific workflows; provenance quality; casebased
reasoning
ID E-SCIENCE; GENERATION
AB Provenance of scientific data is a key piece of the metadata record for the data's ongoing discovery and reuse. Provenance collection systems capture provenance on the fly, however, the protocol between application and provenance tool may not be reliable. Consequently, the provenance record can be partial, partitioned, and simply inaccurate. We use a workflow emulator that models faults to construct a large 10GB database of provenance that we know is noisy (that is, has errors). We discuss the process of generating the provenance database, and show early results on the kinds of provenance analysis enabled by the large provenance.
C1 [Cheah, You-Wei; Plale, Beth; Kendall-Morwick, Joey; Leake, David] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Ramakrishnan, Lavanya] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Cheah, YW (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
EM yocheah@cs.indiana.edu; plale@cs.indiana.edu; jmorwick@cs.indiana.edu;
leake@cs.indiana.edu; lramakrshnan@lbl.gov
OI Plale, Beth/0000-0003-2164-8132
FU National Science Foundation [NSF-OCI-6721674]; Data to Insight Center of
Indiana University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We thank Karma team members Yiming Sun, Mehmet Aktas and Girish
Subramanian. This work funded in part by National Science Foundation
NSF-OCI-6721674 and by a grant from the Data to Insight Center of
Indiana University. This work was supported by the Director, Office of
Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1865-1348
BN 978-3-642-28114-3
J9 LECT NOTES BUS INF P
PY 2012
VL 100
BP 370
EP +
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science,
Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA BCM77
UT WOS:000310717000035
ER
PT J
AU Zhong, MJ
Natesakhawat, S
Baltrus, JP
Luebke, D
Nulwala, H
Matyjaszewski, K
Kowalewski, T
AF Zhong, Mingjiang
Natesakhawat, Sittichai
Baltrus, John P.
Luebke, David
Nulwala, Hunaid
Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof
Kowalewski, Tomasz
TI Copolymer-templated nitrogen-enriched porous nanocarbons for CO2 capture
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POLYACRYLONITRILE;
ACTIVATION; ADSORPTION; DESIGN; FIBERS
AB Nitrogen-enriched porous carbon materials made via the carbonization of polyacrylonitrile containing block copolymer act as efficient and highly selective CO2 sorbents. Nitrogen content and surface area, which are both influenced by pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere, are crucial for CO2 adsorption performance.
C1 [Zhong, Mingjiang; Nulwala, Hunaid; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof; Kowalewski, Tomasz] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Zhong, Mingjiang; Natesakhawat, Sittichai; Baltrus, John P.; Luebke, David; Nulwala, Hunaid; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
[Natesakhawat, Sittichai] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RP Nulwala, H (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM hnulwala@andrew.cmu.edu; km3b@andrew.cmu.edu; tomek@andrew.cmu.edu
RI Zhong, Mingjiang/F-3470-2011; Nulwala, Hunaid/G-8126-2012;
Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/A-2508-2008;
OI Zhong, Mingjiang/0000-0001-7533-4708; Nulwala,
Hunaid/0000-0001-7481-3723; Matyjaszewski,
Krzysztof/0000-0003-1960-3402; Kowalewski, Tomasz/0000-0002-3544-554X;
Natesakhawat, Sittichai/0000-0003-1272-1238
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0304508, DMR 09-69301, DMR-0936384];
CRP Consortium at Carnegie Mellon University; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-FE0004000]
FX Financial support was provided by the National Science Foundation
(DMR-0304508 and DMR 09-69301, and DMR-0936384 for Cornell High Energy
Synchrotron Source), and CRP Consortium at Carnegie Mellon University.
This technical effort was also performed in support of U.S. Department
of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research on
CO2 capture under the contract DE-FE0004000.
NR 26
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 5
U2 67
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 94
BP 11516
EP 11518
DI 10.1039/c2cc36652e
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 028XS
UT WOS:000310459400006
PM 23089980
ER
PT J
AU Yu, XQ
Wang, Q
Zhou, YN
Li, H
Yang, XQ
Nam, KW
Ehrlich, SN
Khalid, S
Meng, YS
AF Yu, Xiqian
Wang, Qi
Zhou, Yongning
Li, Hong
Yang, Xiao-Qing
Nam, Kyung-Wan
Ehrlich, Steven N.
Khalid, Syed
Meng, Ying Shirley
TI High rate delithiation behaviour of LiFePO4 studied by quick X-ray
absorption spectroscopy
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID POSITIVE-ELECTRODE MATERIALS; LI-ION BATTERIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LITHIUM
BATTERIES; SOLID-SOLUTION; KINETICS; FE; LIXFEPO4; MN
AB A novel in situ time-resolved synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was introduced for the dynamic studies during fast chemical and electrochemical delithiation of LiFePO4. The lithium diffusion in LiFePO4 and the reaction mechanisms for both processes were investigated. This approach opens new opportunities for dynamic studies of various energy storage systems.
C1 [Yu, Xiqian; Wang, Qi; Zhou, Yongning; Yang, Xiao-Qing; Nam, Kyung-Wan; Ehrlich, Steven N.; Khalid, Syed] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Li, Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Meng, Ying Shirley] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept NanoEngn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM xyang@bnl.gov; knam@bnl.gov
RI Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012; Meng, Shirley
/I-1276-2013; Zhou, Yong-Ning/I-9579-2014; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015;
Yu, Xiqian/B-5574-2014
OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369;
Yu, Xiqian/0000-0001-8513-518X
FU Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier
Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001294]
FX The work was supported by the Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy
Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
under Contract Number DE-SC0001294. The authors thank Dr Jie Xiao at
Pacific Northwest National Lab. for providing the LiFePO4
sample and technical supports by the NSLS's beamline scientists at X14A
and X18A.
NR 34
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 10
U2 105
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 94
BP 11537
EP 11539
DI 10.1039/c2cc36382h
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 028XS
UT WOS:000310459400013
PM 23090433
ER
PT J
AU Chen, XB
Li, C
Gratzel, M
Kostecki, R
Mao, SS
AF Chen, Xiaobo
Li, Can
Graetzel, Michael
Kostecki, Robert
Mao, Samuel S.
TI Nanomaterials for renewable energy production and storage
SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; TIO2 NANOTUBE-ARRAYS; PHOTOCATALYTIC
HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES;
EXPOSED 001 FACETS; (GA1-XZNX)(N1-XOX) SOLID-SOLUTION; METAL-ORGANIC
FRAMEWORK; INDUCED WATER CLEAVAGE; N-DOPED TIO2
AB Over the past decades, there have been many projections on the future depletion of the fossil fuel reserves on earth as well as the rapid increase in green-house gas emissions. There is clearly an urgent need for the development of renewable energy technologies. On a different frontier, growth and manipulation of materials on the nanometer scale have progressed at a fast pace. Selected recent and significant advances in the development of nanomaterials for renewable energy applications are reviewed here, and special emphases are given to the studies of solar-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production, electricity generation with dye-sensitized solar cells, solid-state hydrogen storage, and electric energy storage with lithium ion rechargeable batteries.
C1 [Chen, Xiaobo] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
[Li, Can] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
[Graetzel, Michael] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, EPFL SB ISIC LPI, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
[Kostecki, Robert; Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA.
EM chenxiaobo@umkc.edu; canli@dicp.ac.cn; michael.graetzel@epfl.ch;
R_Kostecki@lbl.gov; ssmao@lbl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy; Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of Missouri - Kansas City; University of
Missouri Research Board
FX The authors thank Professor Peter Y. Yu of the Department of Physics,
University of California, at Berkeley for helpful discussion and advice.
This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (RK, SSM). This work was
supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy,
under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (RK). XC would also acknowledge the
support from the University of Missouri - Kansas City and University of
Missouri Research Board, and the generous gift from Dow Kokam. XC would
thank the galleyproof reading and comments of Dr Han Wu from Dow Kokam
as well.
NR 327
TC 318
Z9 320
U1 77
U2 849
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0306-0012
J9 CHEM SOC REV
JI Chem. Soc. Rev.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 23
BP 7909
EP 7937
DI 10.1039/c2cs35230c
PG 29
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 032AA
UT WOS:000310682900013
PM 22990530
ER
PT J
AU Kagan, LS
Margolis, SB
Sivashinsky, GI
AF Kagan, Leonid S.
Margolis, Stephen B.
Sivashinsky, Gregory I.
TI Modelling of the transition from conductive to convective burning in
porous energetic materials
SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING
LA English
DT Article
DE convective burning; gas-penetrative burning; energetic materials;
gas-permeable explosives
ID GAS PERMEATION; PROPELLANTS
AB This paper is concerned with a theoretical interpretation of an abrupt shift from the slow conductive to fast convective burning observed in the combustion of gas-permeable explosives under gradual elevation of the ambient pressure. The paper is a revision of our recent communication on the problem, and is based on the amended heat equation, which meets the requirement of the conservation of energy lacking in the previous model. It appears, however, that both formulations lead (in appropriately chosen units) to a largely similar picture of the transition. The transition is triggered by a localised autoignition in the extended resistance-induced preheat zone formed ahead of the advancing deflagration, provided the pressure difference between hot gas products and gases deep inside the pores of the unburned solid exceed a certain critical level. For moderately high activation energies the critical overpressures are comparable to those observed experimentally. In line with observations, the critical overpressure increases with diminishing permeability. The amended formulation implies the possibility of overpressure-driven gasification waves occurring even in the absence of chemical heat release.
C1 [Kagan, Leonid S.; Sivashinsky, Gregory I.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
[Margolis, Stephen B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Kagan, LS (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Math Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
EM kaganleo@post.tau.ac.il
FU Bauer-Neumann Chair in Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Mechanics;
US-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2006-151]; Israel Science
Foundation [350/05]
FX GIS wishes to thank Alexander Shteinberg for enlightening discussions.
This research has been supported by the Bauer-Neumann Chair in Applied
Mathematics and Theoretical Mechanics, the US-Israel Binational Science
Foundation (Grant 2006-151) and the Israel Science Foundation (Grant
350/05).
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1364-7830
J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL
JI Combust. Theory Model.
PY 2012
VL 16
IS 5
BP 737
EP 746
DI 10.1080/13647830.2011.647716
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics,
Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics
GA 030RL
UT WOS:000310587700001
ER
PT J
AU Thrasher, B
Maurer, EP
McKellar, C
Duffy, PB
AF Thrasher, B.
Maurer, E. P.
McKellar, C.
Duffy, P. B.
TI Technical Note: Bias correcting climate model simulated daily
temperature extremes with quantile mapping
SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS; PROJECTIONS; CALIFORNIA; STREAMFLOW
AB When applying a quantile mapping-based bias correction to daily temperature extremes simulated by a global climate model (GCM), the transformed values of maximum and minimum temperatures are changed, and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) can become physically unrealistic. While causes are not thoroughly explored, there is a strong relationship between GCM biases in snow albedo feedback during snowmelt and bias correction resulting in unrealistic DTR values. We propose a technique to bias correct DTR, based on comparing observations and GCM historic simulations, and combine that with either bias correcting daily maximum temperatures and calculating daily minimum temperatures or vice versa. By basing the bias correction on a base period of 1961-1980 and validating it during a test period of 1981-1999, we show that bias correcting DTR and maximum daily temperature can produce more accurate estimations of daily temperature extremes while avoiding the pathological cases of unrealistic DTR values.
C1 [Thrasher, B.] Climate Analyt Grp, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA.
[Thrasher, B.] Climate Cent, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA.
[Maurer, E. P.] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA.
[McKellar, C.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate Sci, San Jose, CA 95126 USA.
[Duffy, P. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Thrasher, B (reprint author), Climate Analyt Grp, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA.
EM bridget@climateanalyticsgroup.org
RI Maurer, Edwin/C-7190-2009;
OI Maurer, Edwin/0000-0001-7134-487X; Thrasher, Bridget/0000-0002-3961-1971
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [W912HQ-IWR-CLIMATE]
FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
under grant W912HQ-IWR-CLIMATE. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the
Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and the
WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in
making available the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model dataset. Support of this
dataset is provided by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy.
NR 22
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 18
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1027-5606
J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC
JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
PY 2012
VL 16
IS 9
BP 3309
EP 3314
DI 10.5194/hess-16-3309-2012
PG 6
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA 029DQ
UT WOS:000310475400018
ER
PT J
AU Boskey, B
AF Boskey, Bennett
BE Peppers, TC
Ward, A
TI The Family of Stone Law Clerks
SO IN CHAMBERS: STORIES OF SUPREME COURT LAW CLERKS AND THEIR JUSTICES
SE Constitutionalism and Democracy
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
C1 [Boskey, Bennett] Amer Law Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Boskey, Bennett] US Atom Energy Commiss, Washington, DC USA.
[Boskey, Bennett] Volpe Boskey & Lyons, Washington, DC USA.
RP Boskey, B (reprint author), Amer Law Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV PRESS VIRGINIA
PI CHARLOTTESVILLE
PA P O BOX 400318,, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22904-4318 USA
BN 978-0-8139-3266-8
J9 CONSTIT DEMOC
PY 2012
BP 98
EP +
PG 19
WC Law; Political Science
SC Government & Law
GA BBV46
UT WOS:000308325500007
ER
PT J
AU Ozgokmen, TM
Fischer, PF
AF Ozgokmen, Tamay M.
Fischer, Paul F.
TI CFD application to oceanic mixed layer sampling with Lagrangian
platforms
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ocean mixing; ocean sampling; Lagrangian transport; tracers; relative
dispersion
ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT MODEL; TURBULENCE CLOSURE MODELS; LARGE-EDDY
SIMULATIONS; LOCK-EXCHANGE SYSTEM; HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR; RELATIVE
DISPERSION; SURFACE CURRENTS; PART I; DENSITY CURRENTS; FLUID-DYNAMICS
AB Frontal adjustment and restratification in oceanic mixed layers is one of the processes that is considered to be important in the ocean's multi-scale energy transfer, biogeochemical transport, air-sea interaction, acoustic propagation and naval operations. We summarise a CFD-based modelling approach to sample processes at an idealised mixed layer base using passive scalars and particles, given a subset of realistic constraints on these resources in field experiments. The results emphasise the effectiveness of Lagrangian platforms, in particular passive particles, for sampling rapidly evolving submesoscale oceanic fields.
C1 [Ozgokmen, Tamay M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
[Fischer, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Ozgokmen, TM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
EM tozgokmen@rsmas.miami.edu
FU Office of Naval Research under the Collaborative Mathematics and
Geoscience (CMG) initiative [N00014-09-1-0267]; National Science
Foundation under the Collaborative Mathematics and Geoscience (CMG)
initiative [DMS-1025323, DMS-1025359]; BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research
Initiative; NSF [CNS-/855217, CNS-/958379]
FX We greatly appreciate the support of the Office of Naval Research and
National Science Foundation via grants N00014-09-1-0267, DMS-1025323,
DMS-1025359 under the Collaborative Mathematics and Geoscience (CMG)
initiative. This research was made possible in part by a grant from
BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. We thank all members of the
Lateral Mixing DRI team, who have provided guidance through many
insightful comments. The computations were carried out on the University
of Miami's high-performance computing (HPC) center
(http://ccs.miami.edu/hpc/), on SystemX at Virginia Tech's advanced
research computing center (http://www.arc.vt.edu) and at the City
University of New York High Performance Computing Center under NSF
Grants CNS-/855217 and CNS-/958379. We thank the four anonymous
reviewers whose comments resulted in a significant improvement of the
manuscript. We greatly appreciate the leadership of Catherine Mavriplis
in organising this timely special issue, and many useful comments and
guidance she provided during the preparation of this manuscript.
NR 73
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1061-8562
EI 1029-0257
J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D
JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn.
PY 2012
VL 26
IS 6-8
SI SI
BP 337
EP 348
DI 10.1080/10618562.2012.668888
PG 12
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA 030TF
UT WOS:000310592300002
ER
PT J
AU Dong, MR
Mao, XL
Gonzalez, JJ
Lu, JD
Russo, RE
AF Dong, Meirong
Mao, Xianglei
Gonzalez, Jhanis J.
Lu, Jidong
Russo, Richard E.
TI Time-resolved LIBS of atomic and molecular carbon from coal in air,
argon and helium
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-INDUCED PLASMA;
TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; BAND SPECTRUM; ABLATION;
GRAPHITE; PLUME; CN; EMISSION
AB Laser ablation chemical analysis of a coal sample was studied by LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy). Ablation was performed using a 266 nm Nd:YAG laser in different gas environments (air, argon and helium) at atmospheric pressure. We present characteristics of spectra measured from coal with special attention to atomic and molecular carbon including CI, C-2 and CN. The influence of the ambient gas on the laser-induced coal plasma was studied by using time-resolved analysis. Atomic iron emission lines were employed to construct Boltzmann plots for the plasma excitation temperature. Computer simulations of C-2 spectra were used to deduce the molecular rotational temperature. Electron density and total atomic and molecular number density are reported to describe emission differences of atomic and molecular carbon in the different gas environments. These data demonstrate that the plasma excitation temperature is the primary factor contributing to differences among the atomic carbon emission in the gas environments. Reactions between the plasma species and ambient gas, and the total molecular number are main factors influencing molecular carbon emission. Finally, the influence of laser energy on the rotational temperature was studied in the air environment to demonstrate that the rotational temperature derived from C-2 band emission can be utilized to correct plasma fluctuations.
C1 [Dong, Meirong; Mao, Xianglei; Gonzalez, Jhanis J.; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Dong, Meirong; Lu, Jidong] S China Univ Technol, Sch Elect Power, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jdlu@scut.edu.cn; rerusso@lbl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical
Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
[50576029, 51071069]; China Scholarship Council (CSC)
FX The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Meirong
Dong and Jidong Lu also acknowledge the support from National Natural
Science Foundation of China (no. 50576029 and no. 51071069) and the
State Scholarship Fund from China Scholarship Council (CSC).
NR 67
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 5
U2 52
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0267-9477
EI 1364-5544
J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM
JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 12
BP 2066
EP 2075
DI 10.1039/c2ja30222e
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 034FE
UT WOS:000310855000003
ER
PT J
AU Marti-Arbona, R
Teshima, M
Anderson, PS
Nowak-Lovato, KL
Hong-Geller, E
Unkefer, CJ
Unkefer, PJ
AF Marti-Arbona, Ricardo
Teshima, Munehiro
Anderson, Penelope S.
Nowak-Lovato, Kristy L.
Hong-Geller, Elizabeth
Unkefer, Clifford J.
Unkefer, Pat J.
TI Identification of New Ligands for the Methionine Biosynthesis
Transcriptional Regulator (MetJ) by FAC-MS
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Transcriptional regulator; Transcriptional regulator effector;
Methionine biosynthesis; Methionine salvage; MetJ;
S-adenosyl-L-methionine; 5 '-Deoxy-5 '-(methylthio)adenosine; Adenine;
Frontal affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
ID FRONTAL AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IN-VIVO HYDROLYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRUG DISCOVERY; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE;
ENZYME-INHIBITORS; BINDING; GENE; EXPRESSION
AB We have developed a high-throughput approach using frontal affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (FAC-MS) for the identification and characterization of the small molecules that modulate transcriptional regulator (TR) binding to TR targets. We tested this approach using the methionine biosynthesis regulator (MetJ). We used effector mixtures containing S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and S-adenosyl derivatives as potential ligands for MetJ binding. The differences in the elution time of different compounds allowed us to rank the binding affinity of each compound. Consistent with previous results, FAC-MS showed that SAM binds to MetJ with the highest affinity. In addition, adenine and 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio) adenosine bind to the effector binding site on MetJ. Our experiments with MetJ demonstrate that FAC-MS is capable of screening complex mixtures of molecules and identifying high-affinity binders to TRs. In addition, FAC-MS experiments can be used to discriminate between specific and nonspecific binding of the effectors as well as to estimate the dissociation constant (K-d) for effector-TR binding. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
C1 [Marti-Arbona, Ricardo; Teshima, Munehiro; Anderson, Penelope S.; Nowak-Lovato, Kristy L.; Hong-Geller, Elizabeth; Unkefer, Clifford J.; Unkefer, Pat J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Unkefer, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663,MS E529, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM punkefer@lanl.gov
FU US Department of Energy; LDRD program at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory [20090107DR]
FX We thank Dr. Virginia A. Unkefer for editorial improvements to this
manuscript. This work was conducted in part under the auspices of the US
Department of Energy and supported by the LDRD program at the Los Alamos
National Laboratory (Grant No. 20090107DR).
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 12
PU KARGER
PI BASEL
PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1464-1801
J9 J MOL MICROB BIOTECH
JI J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 4
BP 205
EP 214
DI 10.1159/000339717
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 027MV
UT WOS:000310357600001
PM 22890386
ER
PT S
AU Solis-Najera, SE
Tomasi, D
Rodriguez, AO
AF Solis-Najera, S. E.
Tomasi, D.
Rodriguez, A. O.
BE Zamudio, FET
Brandan, ME
GamboadeBuen, I
HerreraCorral, G
MedinaVelazquez, LA
TI Variation of MRI Coil Uniformity Caused by mu PET Shieldings
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th Mexican Symposium on Medical Physics
CY MAR 16-19, 2012
CL Hosp Reg Alta Especialidad Oaxaca (HRAEO), Oaxaca, MEXICO
SP Soc Mexicana Fisica, Div Fisica Medica, Centro Latinoamericano Fisica (CLAF)
HO Hosp Reg Alta Especialidad Oaxaca (HRAEO)
DE RF coil; magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography
AB A single imaging modality cannot provide information on all aspects of structure and function. The combination of positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging offers tantalizing opportunities, but also significant challenges. In particular, cross talk between the magnetic resonance imaging transceiver and the positron emission tomography digital electronics can lead to interfering RF noise in both imaging modalities. The electromagnetic shielding minimizes the RF interference between the instruments, minimizing MRI artifacts and protecting the delicate components of the PET electronics from MRI RF pulses. The acquired image is degraded in the presence of the electromagnetic shield and the RF coil is one of the components that can improve the image quality. The saddle coil array showed a better RF field uniformity than the others in the axial direction.
C1 [Solis-Najera, S. E.; Tomasi, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Solis-Najera, S. E.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
[Rodriguez, A. O.] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Lab Imagen Resonancia Magnetica, Mexico City 09340, DF, Mexico.
RP Solis-Najera, SE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015
FU U. S.Department of Energy (OBER); PAPIIT [IN118811-3]; CONACYT [131937]
FX S. E. S. wishes to thank the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development from U. S.Department of Energy (OBER) and DGAPA-UNAM for
posdoc stipend, PAPIIT (project number IN118811-3) and CONACYT (grant
number 131937).
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1106-7
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1494
BP 50
EP 53
DI 10.1063/1.4764596
PG 4
WC Engineering, Biomedical; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
Medical Imaging
SC Engineering; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA BCM03
UT WOS:000310678900013
ER
PT J
AU Thomas, KE
Beavers, CM
Ghosh, A
AF Thomas, Kolle E.
Beavers, Christine M.
Ghosh, Abhik
TI Molecular structure of a gold
beta-octakis(trifluoromethyl)-meso-triarylcorrole: an 85 degrees
difference in saddling dihedral relative to copper
SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE gold; corrole; trifluoromethyl; saddled; multideterminantal
ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; SPIN STATES; CORROLES; PORPHYRINS; ENERGETICS; IRON
AB Copper corroles exhibit inherent saddling, driven by ligand non-innocence, which may be viewed as a form of multideterminantal character. The saddling is enhanced by sterically hindered peripheral substituents. The sterically hindered complex Cu[(CF3)(8)T(pFP)C] (wherein the ligand is beta-octakis(trifluoromethyl)-meso-tris(p-fluorophenyl) corrolato) is thus exceedingly saddled with adjacent pyrrole rings nearly orthogonal to one another. By contrast, Au[(CF3)(8)T(pFP)C] has a nearly planar corrole macrocycle, implying an innocent corrole ligand.
C1 [Thomas, Kolle E.; Ghosh, Abhik] Univ Tromso, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
[Thomas, Kolle E.; Ghosh, Abhik] Univ Tromso, Ctr Theoret & Computat Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
[Beavers, Christine M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ghosh, A (reprint author), Univ Tromso, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
EM abhik@chem.uit.no
RI Beavers, Christine/C-3539-2009; Ghosh, Abhik/G-8164-2016
OI Beavers, Christine/0000-0001-8653-5513; Ghosh, Abhik/0000-0003-1161-6364
FU Research Council of Norway
FX This work was supported by the Research Council of Norway.
NR 30
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 11
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0026-8976
J9 MOL PHYS
JI Mol. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 110
IS 19-20
SI SI
BP 2439
EP 2444
DI 10.1080/00268976.2012.695031
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 030KS
UT WOS:000310570200015
ER
PT J
AU Lambrecht, DS
McCaslin, L
Xantheas, SS
Epifanovsky, E
Head-Gordon, M
AF Lambrecht, Daniel S.
McCaslin, Laura
Xantheas, Sotiris S.
Epifanovsky, Evgeny
Head-Gordon, Martin
TI Refined energetic ordering for sulphate-water (n=3-6) clusters using
high-level electronic structure calculations
SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Sulphate-water clusters; microsolvation; benchmarks; electronic and
vibrational effects
ID CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY;
INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO; POLARIZATION; DIANION; ANIONS;
SO42-(H2O)(N); SIMULATIONS; SOLVATION
AB This work reports refinements of the energetic ordering of the known low-energy structures of sulphate-water clusters SO42-(H2O)(n) (n=3-6) using high-level electronic structure methods. Coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples (CCSD(T)) is used in combination with an estimate of basis set effects up to the complete basis set limit using second-order Moller-Plesset theory. Harmonic zero-point energy (ZPE), included at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level, was found to have a significant effect on the energetic ordering. In fact, we show that the energetic ordering is a result of a delicate balance between the electronic and vibrational energies. Limitations of the ZPE calculations, both due to electronic structure errors, and use of the harmonic approximation, probably constitute the largest remaining errors. Due to the often small energy differences between cluster isomers, and the significant role of ZPE, deuteration can alter the relative energies of low-lying structures, and, when it is applied in conjunction with calculated harmonic ZPEs, even alters the global minimum for n=5. Experiments on deuterated clusters, as well as more sophisticated vibrational calculations, may therefore be quite interesting.
C1 [Lambrecht, Daniel S.; McCaslin, Laura; Epifanovsky, Evgeny; Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Xantheas, Sotiris S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu
RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015;
OI Xantheas, Sotiris/0000-0002-6303-1037
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences Biosciences
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under
Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by supercomputing resources provided
by NERSC and in EMSL under the 'emsl43893' User proposal. This work was
partly supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram national
laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. It is a pleasure to dedicate
this paper to Peter Taylor, despite its remaining limitations in
accuracy! We thank Narbe Mardirossian for carefully checking the data
section.
NR 31
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 17
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0026-8976
J9 MOL PHYS
JI Mol. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 110
IS 19-20
SI SI
BP 2513
EP 2521
DI 10.1080/00268976.2012.708442
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 030KS
UT WOS:000310570200022
ER
PT J
AU Siebert, MR
Aquino, AJA
de Jong, WA
Granucci, G
Hase, WL
AF Siebert, Matthew R.
Aquino, Adelia J. A.
de Jong, Wibe A.
Granucci, Giovanni
Hase, William L.
TI Potential energy surface for C2H4I2+center dot dissociation including
spin-orbit effects
SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE electronic structure theory; density functional theory; spin-orbit
coupling; unimolecular dissociation; chemical dynamics
ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; PHOTOELECTRON-PHOTOION COINCIDENCE; RELEASE
DISTRIBUTIONS; BASIS-SETS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS;
ELECTRON CORRELATION; ACETONE ION; DYNAMICS; DENSITY
AB Previous experiments [J. Phys. Chem. A 116, 2833 (2012)] have studied the dissociation of 1,2-diiodoethane radical cation (C2H4I2+center dot) and found a one-dimensional distribution of translational energy, an odd finding considering most product relative translational energy distributions are two-dimensional. The goal of this study is to obtain an accurate understanding of the potential energy surface (PES) topology for the unimolecular decomposition reaction C2H4I2+center dot -> C2H4I+ + I-center dot. This is done through comparison of many single-reference electronic structure methods, coupled-cluster single-point (energy) calculations, and multi-reference energy calculations used to quantify spin-orbit (SO) coupling effects. We find that the structure of the C2H4I2+center dot reactant has a substantial effect on the role of the SO coupling on the reaction energy. Both the BHandH and MP2 theories with an ECP/6-31++G** basis set, and without SO coupling corrections, provide accurate models for the reaction energetics. MP2 theory gives an unsymmetric structure with different C-I bond lengths, resulting in a SO energy for C2H4I2+center dot similar to that for the product I-atom and a negligible SO correction to the reaction energy. In contrast, DFT gives a symmetric structure for C2H4I2+center dot, similar to that of the neutral C2H4I2 parent, resulting in a substantial SO correction and increasing the reaction energy by 6.0-6.5 kcalmol(-1). Also, we find that, for this system, coupled-cluster single-point energy calculations are inaccurate, since a small change in geometry can lead to a large change in energy.
C1 [Siebert, Matthew R.; Aquino, Adelia J. A.; Hase, William L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
[de Jong, Wibe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Granucci, Giovanni] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
RP Hase, WL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
EM bill.hase@ttu.edu
RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008; Granucci, Giovanni/N-2644-2013; Aquino,
Adelia/F-3226-2016
OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315; Granucci,
Giovanni/0000-0002-4753-6318;
FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0957416, OISE-0730114, TG-CHE-110010];
Robert A. Welch Foundation [D-0005]; High Performance Computing Center
(HPCC) at Texas Tech University (TTU); National Science Foundation under
the CRIF-MU [CHE-0840493]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
Foundation under grant Nos. CHE-0957416, OISE-0730114, and TG-CHE-110010
(TeraGrid), and the Robert A. Welch Foundation under grant No. D-0005.
Support was also provided by the High Performance Computing Center
(HPCC) at Texas Tech University (TTU), under the direction of Philip W.
Smith, the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) of the University of
Texas at Austin, and the TTU Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
cluster Robinson whose purchase was funded by the National Science
Foundation under the CRIF-MU grant No. CHE-0840493.
NR 59
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0026-8976
J9 MOL PHYS
JI Mol. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 110
IS 19-20
SI SI
BP 2599
EP 2609
DI 10.1080/00268976.2012.725137
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 030KS
UT WOS:000310570200030
ER
PT J
AU Cobar, EA
Horn, PR
Bergman, RG
Head-Gordon, M
AF Cobar, Erika A.
Horn, Paul R.
Bergman, Robert G.
Head-Gordon, Martin
TI Examination of the hydrogen-bonding networks in small water clusters
(n=2-5, 13, 17) using absolutely localized molecular orbital energy
decomposition analysis
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; TRANSFERABLE INTERACTION MODELS;
HYBRID DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; FRAGMENT POTENTIAL METHOD; CONSISTENT-FIELD
METHOD; AB-INITIO; CHARGE-TRANSFER; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS;
PERTURBATION-THEORY; BINDING-ENERGIES
AB Using the omega B97X-D and B3LYP density functionals, the absolutely localized molecular orbital energy decomposition method (ALMO-EDA) is applied to the water dimer through pentamer, 13-mer and 17-mer clusters. Two-body, three-body, and total interaction energies are decomposed into their component energy terms: frozen density interaction energy, polarization energy, and charge transfer energy. Charge transfer, polarization, and frozen orbital interaction energies are all found to be significant contributors to the two-body and total interaction energies; the three-body interaction energies are dominated by polarization. Each component energy term for the two-body interactions is highly dependent on the associated hydrogen bond distance. The favorability of the three-body terms associated with the 13- and 17-mer structures depends on the hydrogen-donor or hydrogen-acceptor roles played by each of the three component waters. Only small errors arise from neglect of three-body interactions without two adjacent water molecules, or beyond three-body interactions. Interesting linear correlations are identified between the contributions of charge-transfer and polarization terms to the two and three-body interactions, which permits elimination of explicit calculation of charge transfer to a good approximation.
C1 [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu
FU National Science Foundation [0344670]; Office of Energy Research, Office
of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the (U.S.)
Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC0376SF00098]
FX This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation
Cyber-Infrastructure Award 0344670, with additional support from the
Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
Chemical Sciences Division of the (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE)
under Contract No. DE-AC0376SF00098.
NR 85
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 4
U2 40
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 44
BP 15328
EP 15339
DI 10.1039/c2cp42522j
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 025AB
UT WOS:000310153300010
PM 23052011
ER
PT J
AU Deshmukh, SA
Sankaranarayanan, SKRS
AF Deshmukh, Sanket A.
Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian K. R. S.
TI Atomic scale characterization of interfacial water near an oxide surface
using molecular dynamics simulations
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FREQUENCY VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER; RUTILE 110
SURFACE; LIQUID INTERFACES; AB-INITIO; FUNDAMENTAL-ASPECTS; MGO(100)
SURFACE; SOLID-SURFACES; QUARTZ; ADSORPTION
AB Atomic scale characterization of the structure and dynamics of confined water molecules located near the metal oxide-aqueous interface is carried out using molecular dynamics simulations. Proximity effects on water molecules (H2O) near a magnesium oxide surface (MgO(100)) at room temperature are evaluated based on various structural and dynamical correlation functions. Translational and orientational order parameters are used to quantify the extent of ordering of water molecules near the oxide surface. There is significant ordering of water molecules in the two layers close to the oxide interface and the extent of ordering decreases with increasing distance from the oxide-water interface. The characteristic structural features of proximal water molecules near oxide-aqueous interfaces are strongly correlated to their vibrational densities of states. Systematic trends in libration, bending, and stretching bands are correlated with local ordering of water molecules and the hydrogen-bonding network. We find that restricted transverse oscillations result in larger blue shifts in O-O-O bending and O-O stretching bands for water molecules having increased proximity to the interface. The O-H stretching band is red-shifted whereas the libration bands for proximal water are blue shifted with respect to bulk water; the extent of shifts are sensitive to the interface proximity, their local confinement and their hydrogen bonding status.
C1 [Deshmukh, Sanket A.; Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian K. R. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Sankaranarayanan, SKRS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM skrssank@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors also thank
the computational facilities provided by CNM-ANL.
NR 73
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 40
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 44
BP 15593
EP 15605
DI 10.1039/c2cp42308a
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 025AB
UT WOS:000310153300040
PM 23076434
ER
PT J
AU Shi, W
Damodaran, K
Nulwala, HB
Luebke, DR
AF Shi, Wei
Damodaran, Krishnan
Nulwala, Hunaid B.
Luebke, David R.
TI Theoretical and experimental studies of water interaction in acetate
based ionic liquids
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MUTUAL SOLUBILITIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS;
1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION;
TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; EXCESS-ENTHALPIES; PLUS WATER; SYSTEMS;
TEMPERATURE
AB Water interactions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][CH3COO]) were studied utilizing classical and ab initio simulation methods. The self-diffusivities for water and the ionic liquid (IL) were studied experimentally using pulse field gradient NMR spectroscopy and correlated with computational results. Water forms hydrogen bonding networks with the ionic liquid, and depending on the concentration of water, there are profound effects on the self-diffusivities of the various species. Both simulation and experiments show that the self-diffusivities for species in the water-[emim][CH3COO] system exhibit minima at 40-50 mol% water. Water interaction with the [CH3COO](-) anion predominates over the water-water and water-cation interactions at most water concentrations. Simulations further indicate that decreasing water-[CH3COO](-) interaction will increase the IL and water self-diffusivities. Self-diffusivities in the water-IL systems are dependent upon the cation in a complex way. Water interactions with [P-4444][CH3COO] are reduced compared to [emim][CH3COO]. The [P-4444](+) cation is bulkier than the [emim](+) cation and has a smaller self-diffusivity, but when water was introduced to [P-4444] [CH3COO], the water-[CH3COO](-) hydrogen bonding network in the [P-4444][CH3COO] was much smaller than the one observed in [emim][CH3COO].
C1 [Shi, Wei; Luebke, David R.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
[Shi, Wei] URS Corp, South Pk, PA 15129 USA.
[Shi, Wei] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
[Damodaran, Krishnan] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
[Nulwala, Hunaid B.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Shi, W (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
EM shiw@netl.doe.gov
RI Nulwala, Hunaid/G-8126-2012
OI Nulwala, Hunaid/0000-0001-7481-3723
FU RES [DE-FE0004000]
FX The authors greatly acknowledge Shaelyn Patzer for her help in editing
this manuscript. This technical effort was performed in support of the
National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research in
Computational chemistry under the RES contract DE-FE0004000.
NR 81
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 4
U2 91
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
EI 1463-9084
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 45
BP 15897
EP 15908
DI 10.1039/c2cp42975f
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 028XZ
UT WOS:000310460400033
PM 23093293
ER
PT J
AU Gurov, SM
Akimov, AV
Anchugov, OV
Batrakov, AM
Belikov, OV
Bekhtenev, EA
Burenkov, DB
Cheblakov, PB
Cherepanov, VP
Chernyakin, AD
Cheskidov, VG
Churkin, IN
Elkaer, A
Erokhin, AI
Fliller, R
Gorchakov, KM
Gurov, DS
Ganetis, G
Hseuh, H
Karnaev, SE
Karpov, GV
Kiselev, VA
Kobets, VV
Konstantinov, VM
Kolmogorov, VV
Korepanov, AA
Kuper, EA
Kuzminykh, VS
Levichev, EB
De Long, J
Mamkin, VR
Medvedko, AS
Meshkov, OI
Nefedov, NB
Neyfeld, VV
Okunev, IN
Petrov, VV
Petrichenkov, MV
Philipchenko, AV
Polyansky, AV
Pureskin, DN
Rakhimov, AR
Ruvinskiy, SI
Schegolev, LM
Semenov, AM
Senkov, DV
Serednyakov, SS
Shaftan, TV
Sharma, S
Shichkov, DS
Singh, O
Shiyankov, SV
Shvedov, DA
Sinyatkin, SV
Smaluk, VV
Sukhanov, AV
Tian, Y
Utkin, AV
Willeke, F
Yaminov, KR
Yong, H
AF Gurov, S. M.
Akimov, A. V.
Anchugov, O. V.
Batrakov, A. M.
Belikov, O. V.
Bekhtenev, E. A.
Burenkov, D. B.
Cheblakov, P. B.
Cherepanov, V. P.
Chernyakin, A. D.
Cheskidov, V. G.
Churkin, I. N.
Elkaer, A.
Erokhin, A. I.
Fliller, R.
Gorchakov, K. M.
Gurov, D. S.
Ganetis, G.
Hseuh, H.
Karnaev, S. E.
Karpov, G. V.
Kiselev, V. A.
Kobets, V. V.
Konstantinov, V. M.
Kolmogorov, V. V.
Korepanov, A. A.
Kuper, E. A.
Kuzminykh, V. S.
Levichev, E. B.
De Long, J.
Mamkin, V. R.
Medvedko, A. S.
Meshkov, O. I.
Nefedov, N. B.
Neyfeld, V. V.
Okunev, I. N.
Petrov, V. V.
Petrichenkov, M. V.
Philipchenko, A. V.
Polyansky, A. V.
Pureskin, D. N.
Rakhimov, A. R.
Ruvinskiy, S. I.
Schegolev, L. M.
Semenov, A. M.
Senkov, D. V.
Serednyakov, S. S.
Shaftan, T. V.
Sharma, S.
Shichkov, D. S.
Singh, O.
Shiyankov, S. V.
Shvedov, D. A.
Sinyatkin, S. V.
Smaluk, V. V.
Sukhanov, A. V.
Tian, Y.
Utkin, A. V.
Willeke, F.
Yaminov, K. R.
Yong, H.
TI STATUS OF NSLS-II BOOSTER
SO PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB The National Synchrotron Light Source II is a third generation light source under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The project includes a highly optimized 3 GeV electron storage ring, linac pre-injector and full-energy booster-synchrotron. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics builds booster for NSLS-II. The booster should accelerate the electron beam continuously and reliably from minimal 170 MeV injection energy to maximal energy of 3.15 GeV and average beam current of 20 mA. The booster shall be capable of multi-bunch and single bunch operation. This paper summarizes the status of NSLS-II booster.
C1 [Gurov, S. M.; Akimov, A. V.; Anchugov, O. V.; Batrakov, A. M.; Belikov, O. V.; Bekhtenev, E. A.; Burenkov, D. B.; Cheblakov, P. B.; Cherepanov, V. P.; Chernyakin, A. D.; Cheskidov, V. G.; Churkin, I. N.; Erokhin, A. I.; Gorchakov, K. M.; Gurov, D. S.; Karnaev, S. E.; Karpov, G. V.; Kiselev, V. A.; Kobets, V. V.; Konstantinov, V. M.; Kolmogorov, V. V.; Korepanov, A. A.; Kuper, E. A.; Kuzminykh, V. S.; Levichev, E. B.; Mamkin, V. R.; Medvedko, A. S.; Meshkov, O. I.; Nefedov, N. B.; Neyfeld, V. V.; Okunev, I. N.; Petrov, V. V.; Petrichenkov, M. V.; Philipchenko, A. V.; Polyansky, A. V.; Pureskin, D. N.; Rakhimov, A. R.; Ruvinskiy, S. I.; Schegolev, L. M.; Semenov, A. M.; Senkov, D. V.; Serednyakov, S. S.; Shichkov, D. S.; Shiyankov, S. V.; Shvedov, D. A.; Sinyatkin, S. V.; Smaluk, V. V.; Sukhanov, A. V.; Utkin, A. V.; Yaminov, K. R.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
[Fliller, R.; Ganetis, G.; Hseuh, H.; De Long, J.; Shaftan, T. V.; Sharma, S.; Singh, O.; Tian, Y.; Willeke, F.; Yong, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY USA.
RP Gurov, SM (reprint author), Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
EM S.M.Gurov@inp.nsk.su
RI batrakov, alexander/A-6747-2014; Bekhtenev, Evgeny/C-4907-2014;
OI Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar/0000-0002-3273-0708
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU KHARKOV INST PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
PI KHARKOV
PA NATL SCIENCE CTR, 1 AKADEMICHESKAYA ST, KHARKOV, 61108, UKRAINE
SN 1562-6016
J9 PROBL ATOM SCI TECH
JI Probl. At. Sci. Tech.
PY 2012
IS 4
BP 3
EP 6
PG 4
WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics,
Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA 994YV
UT WOS:000307972500001
ER
PT J
AU Hagen, G
Nam, HA
AF Hagen, Gaute
Hai Ah Nam
TI Computational Aspects of Nuclear Coupled-Cluster Theory
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; 2-NUCLEON SYSTEM; FORCES; CONVERGENCE; FIELD
AB We discuss computational aspects of the spherical coupled-cluster method specific to the nuclear many-body problem. Using chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction at next-to-next-to-next-to leading order ((NLO)-L-3) with cutoff Lambda = 500 MeV, we present coupled-cluster results for the ground state of Ca-40. Scaling and performance studies are presented together with challenges we meet with when extending the coupled-cluster effort to nuclei mass hundred and beyond.
C1 [Hagen, Gaute] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Hagen, Gaute] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hai Ah Nam] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge Leadership Comp Facil, Natl Ctr Computat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Hagen, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RI Hagen, Gaute/I-6146-2012
OI Hagen, Gaute/0000-0001-6019-1687
FU Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy (Oak Ridge National
Laboratory); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-07ER41457]; Office of
Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S.
Department of Energy (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). This work was
supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No.
DE-FC02-07ER41457 (UNEDF SciDAC). This research used resources of the
National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 35
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 6
PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE
PI KYOTO
PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN
SN 0375-9687
J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP
JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.
PY 2012
IS 196
BP 102
EP 110
PG 9
GA 033QV
UT WOS:000310816600008
ER
PT J
AU Navratil, P
Quaglioni, S
Roth, R
Horiuchi, W
AF Navratil, Petr
Quaglioni, Sofia
Roth, Robert
Horiuchi, Wataru
TI Ab Initio Calculations of Light-Ion Reactions
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB The exact treatment of nuclei starting from the constituent nucleons and the fundamental interactions among them has been a long-standing goal in nuclear physics. In addition to the complex nature of nuclear forces, one faces the quantum-mechanical many-nucleon problem governed by an interplay between bound and continuum states. In recent years, significant progress has been made in ab initio nuclear structure and reaction calculations based on input from QCD employing Hamiltonians constructed within chiral effective field theory. In this contribution, we present one of such promising techniques capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states in light nuclei. By combining the resonating-group method (RGM) with the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM), we complement a microscopic cluster approach with the use of realistic interactions and a microscopic and consistent description of the clusters. We discuss applications to light nuclei scattering, radiative capture and fusion reactions.
C1 [Navratil, Petr] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.
[Navratil, Petr; Quaglioni, Sofia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Roth, Robert] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
[Horiuchi, Wataru] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan.
RP Navratil, P (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.
FU LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U. S. DOE/SC/NP [SCW1158, SCW0498]; LLNL LDRD
[PLS-09-ERD-020]; NSERC [401945-2011]; U. S. Department of Energy
[DE-FC02-07ER41457]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 634];
Helmholtz International Center for FAIR; Special Postdoctoral
Researchers Program of RIKEN
FX Computing support for this work came from the LLNL institutional
Computing Grand Challenge program, the Julich supercomputer Centre and
Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at ORNL.23) Prepared
in part by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the U. S.
DOE/SC/NP (Work Proposal No. SCW1158), LLNL LDRD grant PLS-09-ERD-020,
U. S. DOE/SC/NP (Work Proposal No. SCW0498), the NSERC Grant No.
401945-2011, and from the U. S. Department of Energy Grant
DE-FC02-07ER41457 is acknowledged. This work is supported in part by the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through contract SFB 634 and by the
Helmholtz International Center for FAIR within the framework of the
LOEWE program launched by the State of Hesse. W.H. was supported by the
Special Postdoctoral Researchers Program of RIKEN.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE
PI KYOTO
PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN
SN 0375-9687
J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP
JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.
PY 2012
IS 196
BP 117
EP 124
PG 8
GA 033QV
UT WOS:000310816600010
ER
PT J
AU Hupin, G
Lacroix, D
AF Hupin, Guillaume
Lacroix, Denis
TI On the Application of Symmetry Breaking and Its Restoration to Treat
Pairing Correlation in Finite Nuclei
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB An alternative approach to symmetry restoration within Energy Density Functional, the Symmetry-Conserving EDF is discussed. In this approach, the energy is directly written in terms of the degrees of freedom encoded in the one-, two-... body density matrices of the state having good quantum numbers. The SC-EDF framework is illustrated within Projection After and Before Variation applied to particle number restoration.
C1 [Hupin, Guillaume; Lacroix, Denis] CEA DSM CNRS IN2P3, GANIL, F-14076 Caen, France.
RP Hupin, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE
PI KYOTO
PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN
SN 0375-9687
J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP
JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.
PY 2012
IS 196
BP 250
EP 254
PG 5
GA 033QV
UT WOS:000310816600029
ER
PT J
AU Horowitz, CJ
AF Horowitz, C. J.
TI Multi-Messenger Observations of Neutron Rich Matter
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-SCATTERING; PROTON-SCATTERING; PB-208; DENSITIES; NUCLEI
AB At very high densities, electrons react with protons to form neutron rich matter. This material is central to many fundamental questions in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Moreover, neutron rich matter is being studied with an extraordinary variety of new tools such as the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO). We describe the Lead Radius Experiment (PREX) that uses parity violating electron scattering to measure the neutron radius in Pb-208. This has important implications for neutron stars and their crusts. We discuss X-ray observations of neutron star radii. These also have important implications for neutron rich matter. Gravitational waves (GW) open a new window on neutron rich matter. They come from sources such as neutron star mergers, rotating neutron star mountains, and collective r-mode oscillations. Using large scale molecular dynamics simulations, we find neutron star crust to be very strong. It can support mountains on rotating neutron stars large enough to generate detectable gravitational waves. We believe that combing astronomical observations using photons, GW, and neutrinos, with laboratory experiments on nuclei, heavy ion collisions, and radioactive beams will fundamentally advance our knowledge of compact objects in the heavens, the dense phases of QCD, the origin of the elements, and of neutron rich matter.
C1 [Horowitz, C. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Horowitz, C. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Phys Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Horowitz, C. J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Horowitz, C. J.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
RP Horowitz, CJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
FU DOE [DE-FG02-87ER40365]; National Science Foundation, TeraGrid grant
[TG-AST100014]
FX This work was done in collaboration with many people including D. K.
Berry, E. F. Brown, K. Kadau, J. Piekarewicz, and graduate students
Liliana Caballero, Helber Dusan, Joe Hughto, Justin Mason, Andre
Schneider and Gang Shen. This work was supported in part by DOE grant
DE-FG02-87ER40365 and by the National Science Foundation, TeraGrid grant
TG-AST100014.
NR 43
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE
PI KYOTO
PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN
SN 0375-9687
J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP
JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.
PY 2012
IS 196
BP 451
EP 459
PG 9
GA 033QV
UT WOS:000310816600061
ER
PT J
AU Melson, NH
Haliena, BP
Kaplan, DI
Barnett, MO
AF Melson, N. H.
Haliena, B. P.
Kaplan, D. I.
Barnett, M. O.
TI Adsorption of tetravalent thorium by geomedia
SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID IONIC-STRENGTH; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; HUMIC/FULVIC ACID; AMORPHOUS SILICA;
ORGANIC-MATTER; CONTACT TIME; SORPTION; TH(IV); PLUTONIUM; COLLOIDS
AB We measured the pH-dependent adsorption of Th(IV), an analogue for Pu(IV) and other tetravalent actinides, to two geomedia: goethite (alpha-FeOOH(s)) and a heterogeneous Fe-containing sand from the southeastern USA. The goal was to examine whether or not the Th(IV)-goethite adsorption data could be used to predict the adsorption of Th(IV) by the heterogeneous sand. In the absence of either geomedia, after forty-eight hours the measured pH-dependent "adsorption" was consistent with the solubility of solid amorphous ThO2(am, aged), despite the fact that ThO2(am, aged) is generally not formed until approximately seventy days. We concluded that ThO2(am, aged) was stabilized by precipitating on the walls of the reaction vessels. Ignoring this phenomenon could lead to experimental artifacts in Th(IV) adsorption studies. Thorium adsorption by both goethite and the sand was strongly pH dependent, with adsorption increasing sharply from pH similar to 2 to pH similar to 4. Two methods were utilized to predict the pH-dependent adsorption of Th(IV) by the sand using the Th(IV)-goethite adsorption data. Using the Fe content of the sand and the Th(IV)-goethite adsorption data, we were able to predict the maximum amount of Th(IV) adsorption by the sand within 78% of the actual value (i.e., an error of 22%). In contrast, on a surface-area-normalized basis, we were only able to predict the maximum adsorption of Th(IV) by the sand within a factor of two. These results have important implications to scaling and extrapolating the results of batch-scale tetravalent actinide adsorption studies with pure minerals to predict their field-scale adsorption by and transport in heterogeneous subsurface media.
C1 [Melson, N. H.; Haliena, B. P.; Barnett, M. O.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Kaplan, D. I.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA.
RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 238, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM mark.barnett@auburn.edu
FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy
FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US
Department of Energy.
NR 39
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 25
PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG
PI MUNICH
PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY
SN 0033-8230
J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA
JI Radiochim. Acta
PY 2012
VL 100
IS 11
BP 827
EP 832
DI 10.1524/ract.2012.1975
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA 029LW
UT WOS:000310498200004
ER
PT S
AU Olmsted, DL
Holm, EA
Foiles, SM
AF Olmsted, David L.
Holm, Elizabeth A.
Foiles, Stephen M.
BE Palmiere, EJ
Wynne, BP
TI Survey of grain boundary energies in four elemental metals
SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX
& GG 2010)
CY JUL 04-09, 2010
CL Sheffield, ENGLAND
DE grain boundary energy; grain boundary structure; modeling and simulation
AB Grain boundary properties depend on both composition and structure. To test the relative contributions of composition and structure to the grain boundary energy, we calculated the energy of 388 grain boundaries in four elemental, fcc metals: Ni, Al, Au and Cu. We constructed atomic-scale bicrystals of each boundary and subjected them to a rigorous energy minimization process to determine the lowest energy structure. Typically, several thousand boundary configurations were examined for each boundary in each element.
For boundaries with a single low energy configuration (such as the coherent twin), all four elements select the same boundary structure. When a variety of nearly-degenerate structures are available (which is the most common situation for general boundaries), the minimum energy configuration might differ among the four metals. However, the lowest energy structure for a given element is among the low lying structures for the other elements.
When we compare crystallographically identical boundaries in pairs of elements, we find that grain boundary energies are proportional to each other. For most boundaries, the constant of proportionality is best fit by the C44 shear modulus. If grain boundaries act as arrays of dislocations, then since the elastic energy associated with a dislocation is proportional to the shear modulus, a direct relationship between the shear modulus and the grain boundary energy is plausible. For a few boundaries, including the < 111 > twist boundaries and the coherent twin, the proportionality constant is better fit by the stacking fault energy; this is a reasonable scaling, since these boundaries have stacking fault character.
This study suggests that, apart from a material dependent scaling constant, the energy of grain boundaries in different fcc metals will depend primarily on the macroscopic crystallography. Structure determines energy; composition scales it. While this result is generally assumed, this is the first direct confirmation of that assumption.
C1 [Olmsted, David L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
[Holm, Elizabeth A.; Foiles, Stephen M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Olmsted, DL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM linked_puffbird@comcast.net; eaholm@sandia.gov; foiles@sandia.gov
OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X
FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences;
Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program
FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, for the United States
Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under
contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was supported by the DOE Office of
Basic Energy Sciences and Sandias Laboratory Directed Research and
Development program.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 16
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-390-0
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 715-716
BP 179
EP 179
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.179
PG 1
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BCA42
UT WOS:000309430800028
ER
PT S
AU Wang, SY
Rollett, AD
Holm, EA
AF Wang, Shengyu
Rollett, Anthony D.
Holm, Elizabeth A.
BE Palmiere, EJ
Wynne, BP
TI Recrystallized Grain Size in Single Phase Materials
SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX
& GG 2010)
CY JUL 04-09, 2010
CL Sheffield, ENGLAND
DE abnormal subgrain growth; texture; recrystallization nucleation; grain
size; strain
ID ABNORMAL SUBGRAIN GROWTH; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURES; DEFORMATION
AB During large-strain plastic deformation, subgrain structures typically develop within the grains. At large enough equivalent strains above, say 0.5, recrystallization occurs via abnormal coarsening of the subgrain structure or abnormal (sub-) grain growth (AsGG). The fraction of subgrains that develop into new, recrystallized grains has been quantified as a function of texture spread (Grain Reference Orientation Deviation) using Monte Carlo simulation. When this fraction is combined with the known monotonic increase in mean misorientation with strain, the recrystallized grain size can be predicted as a function of von Mises strain. The prediction is in good agreement with experimental results drawn from the literature.
C1 [Wang, Shengyu; Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Holm, Elizabeth A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM shengyuw@andrew.cmu.edu; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu; eaholm@sandia.gov
OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0503049]; DOE Office of Basic Energy
Sciences; Pennsylvania DCED
FX The support of the National Science Foundation under contract
DMR-0503049, the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the
Pennsylvania DCED is gratefully acknowledged. Dr. H. Weiland of the
Alcoa Technical Center is gratefully acknowledged for useful discussions
and the supply of the material used in this work. The use of facilities
supported by the MRSEC at CMU under contract under award number
DMR-0520425 is gratefully acknowledged. Sandia is a multi-program
laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,
for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security
Administration under contract DEAC0 494AL85000.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-390-0
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 715-716
BP 361
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.361
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BCA42
UT WOS:000309430800059
ER
PT S
AU Holm, EA
Foiles, SM
AF Holm, Elizabeth A.
Foiles, Stephen M.
BE Palmiere, EJ
Wynne, BP
TI Grain growth stagnation caused by the grain boundary roughening
transition
SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX
& GG 2010)
CY JUL 04-09, 2010
CL Sheffield, ENGLAND
DE grain growth; stagnation; grain boundary roughening; modeling and
simulation
AB Molecular dynamics simulations of bicrystals show that grain boundaries undergo a thermal roughening transition, and the grain boundary mobility increases abruptly when the boundary roughens. The roughening transition temperature varies widely from boundary to boundary, ranging from less than 0.4 to more than 0.9 of the melting temperature. Thus, at typical annealing temperatures we expect polycrystals to contain both smooth (slow) and rough (fast) boundaries, with the fraction of each type varying with temperature.
C1 [Holm, Elizabeth A.; Foiles, Stephen M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM eaholm@sandia.gov; foiles@sandia.gov
OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI STAFA-ZURICH
PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-390-0
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 715-716
BP 415
EP 415
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.415
PG 1
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BCA42
UT WOS:000309430800068
ER
PT S
AU Hefferan, CM
Li, SF
Lind, J
Lienert, U
Rollett, AD
Suter, RM
AF Hefferan, C. M.
Li, S. F.
Lind, J.
Lienert, U.
Rollett, A. D.
Suter, R. M.
BE Palmiere, EJ
Wynne, BP
TI Insitu Observation of Recovery and Grain Growth in High Purity Aluminum
SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX
& GG 2010)
CY JUL 04-09, 2010
CL Sheffield, ENGLAND
DE Grain growth; microstructure; x-ray diffraction; synchrotron radiation;
orientation imaging
ID BOUNDARY PROPERTIES; POLYCRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; POWDERS
AB We have used high energy x-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) to study annealing behavior in high purity aluminum. In-situ measurements were carried out at Sector 1 of the Advanced Photon Source. The microstructure in a small sub-volume of a I mm diameter wire was mapped in the as-received state and after two differential anneals. Forward modeling analysis reveals three dimensional grain structures and internal orientation distributions inside grains. The analysis demonstrates increased ordering with annealing as well as persistent low angle internal boundaries. Grains that grow from disordered regions are resolution limited single crystals. Together with this recovery behavior, we observe subtle motions of some grain boundaries due to annealing.
C1 [Hefferan, C. M.; Li, S. F.; Lind, J.; Rollett, A. D.; Suter, R. M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Lienert, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Rollett, A. D.; Suter, R. M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Hefferan, CM (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM cheffera@andrew.cmu.edu; sfli@andrew.cmu.edu; jlind@andrew.cmu.edu;
lienert@aps.anl.gov; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu; suter@andrew.cmu.edu
RI Li, Shiu Fai/B-2605-2014; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014
OI Li, Shiu Fai/0000-0001-9805-5621; Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437
FU Metals and Nano-Structures program of the National Science Foundation
[DMR-0805100]; MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation
[DMR-0520425]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Office of
Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank Greg Rohrer and Brian Tieman for helpful conversations and
assistance. This work was supported in part by the Metals and
Nano-Structures program of the National Science Foundation under award
number DMR-0805100 and in part by the MRSEC program of the National
Science Foundation under Award Number DMR-0520425. Use of the Advanced
Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-390-0
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 715-716
BP 447
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.447
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BCA42
UT WOS:000309430800072
ER
PT S
AU Piazolo, S
Borthwick, V
Griera, A
Montagnat, M
Jessell, MW
Lebensohn, R
Evans, L
AF Piazolo, Sandra
Borthwick, Verity
Griera, Albert
Montagnat, Maurine
Jessell, Mark W.
Lebensohn, Ricardo
Evans, Lynn
BE Palmiere, EJ
Wynne, BP
TI Substructure Dynamics in crystalline materials: New insight from in-situ
experiments, detailed EBSD analysis of experimental and natural samples
and numerical modelling
SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX
& GG 2010)
CY JUL 04-09, 2010
CL Sheffield, ENGLAND
DE substructure; EBSD; in-situ experiments; numerical modelling; minerals;
metals
ID GRAIN ROTATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMATION;
SIMULATION; ELLE; ICE
AB The understanding of the dynamics of substructures during deformation and annealing is fundamental in our ability to predict microstructural and physical properties such as rheological behaviour of crystalline materials. Here, we present an overview of new insights into substructure dynamics through a combination of in-situ heating experiments, detailed Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis and numerical modelling.
Our main findings are summarised as follows:
A) In-situ annealing of substructure-rich, near isotropic minerals such as NaCl show distinct temperature dependent behaviour.
B) A numerical approach in which a lower energy state is achieved by local adjustment i.e. rotation of crystalline materials enables us to reproduce the experimentally observed, temperature dependent substructure dynamics observed in A).
C) Microstructures observed in a material with a highly anisotropic viscoplastic behaviour, i.e. ice, point to direct stress translations across grain boundaries, closely related grain boundary asperities and subgrain boundary tips, arrays of quasi-parallel subgrain boundaries frequently crossing whole grains; some of which are developed as kink-bands.
D) Development of a numerical simulation system which is able to predict deformation induced substructure development and recrystallization in crystalline material, including highly anisotropic material such as ice. Comparison between model and experiments enables the researcher to refine the interpretation of microstructures observed in C).
Through the combination of in-situ experiments and numerical modelling it is now possible to develop an in-depth understanding of subgrain scale processes as well as establish numerical models which reproduce the experimental observations. These can be utilised to predict microstructural development and rheological behaviour of a large variety of crystalline materials.
C1 [Piazolo, Sandra; Borthwick, Verity] Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden.
[Griera, Albert; Jessell, Mark W.] Paul Sabatie, Toulouse, France.
[Griera, Albert] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, LGGE UJF CNRS, Barcelona, Spain.
[Montagnat, Maurine] UJF, CNRS, LGGE, Grenoble, France.
[Lebensohn, Ricardo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Evans, Lynn] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
RP Piazolo, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Stockholm, Sweden.
EM sandra.piazolo@geo.su.se; verity.borthwick@geo.su.se;
albert.griera@uab.cat; maurine@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr;
mark.jessell@lmtg.obs-mip.fr; lebenso@lanl.gov; laevans@unimelb.edu.au
RI Griera, Albert/G-8443-2013; Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; Jessell,
Mark/H-5132-2014
OI Griera, Albert/0000-0003-4598-8385; jessell, mark/0000-0002-0375-7311;
Piazolo, Sandra/0000-0001-7723-8170; Evans, Lynn/0000-0002-0954-6072;
Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105;
FU Swedish Research Council [VR 621-2004-5330]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg
Foundation; ESF through their EUROCORES Programme EuroMinScl; FP6 and
the INSIS Institute of CNRS
FX We thank for financial support the Swedish Research Council (VR
621-2004-5330), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (equipment),
the ESF through their EUROCORES Programme EuroMinScl, FP6 and the INSIS
Institute of CNRS. M. Ahlbom and A. Sundberg are thanked for help in SEM
based analyses.
NR 13
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Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-390-0
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 715-716
BP 502
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.502
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BCA42
UT WOS:000309430800081
ER
PT S
AU Foiles, SM
AF Foiles, Stephen M.
BE Palmiere, EJ
Wynne, BP
TI Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Ni
SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX
& GG 2010)
CY JUL 04-09, 2010
CL Sheffield, ENGLAND
DE grain growth; nanocrystalline; molecular dynamics
AB Grain growth in nanocrystalline Ni has been simulated by molecular dynamics. The simulations show the creation of a high density of twin boundaries during the growth as well as the formation of vacancies consistent with recent experimental observations. The growth follows parabolic kinetics with the diameter increasing with the square root of time consistent with behavior of conventional scale metals but in disagreement with prior simulation results.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Foiles, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM foiles@sandia.gov
OI Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI STAFA-ZURICH
PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-390-0
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 715-716
BP 599
EP 604
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.599
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BCA42
UT WOS:000309430800101
ER
PT S
AU Fjeldberg, E
Holm, E
Rollett, AD
Marthinsen, K
AF Fjeldberg, E.
Holm, E.
Rollett, A. D.
Marthinsen, K.
BE Palmiere, EJ
Wynne, BP
TI Mobility driven abnormal grain growth in the presence of particles
SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IV
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth (ReX
& GG 2010)
CY JUL 04-09, 2010
CL Sheffield, ENGLAND
DE Abnormal grain growth; computer simulations; Potts Monte Carlo; particle
effects
ID CELLULAR MICROSTRUCTURES; SUBGRAIN GROWTH; UNIFIED THEORY;
RECRYSTALLIZATION; MODEL; STABILITY; RECOVERY; STEEL
AB Simulation of mobility-driven abnormal grain growth in the presence of particles in a 3D Potts Monte Carlo model has been investigated, and even though the driving force in this case is identical to normal grain growth, Zener pinning does not occur. Instead the particles seem merely to have a small inhibiting effect on the number of abnormal grains, and this effect only has a noticeable influence for volume fractions of particles above 5 vol%.
C1 [Fjeldberg, E.; Marthinsen, K.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
[Holm, E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA.
[Rollett, A. D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Fjeldberg, E (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
EM egfj@statoil.com; eaholm@sandia.gov; rollett@andrew.cmu.edu;
knut.marthinsen@nt.ntnu.no
RI Marthinsen, Knut/E-8473-2016;
OI Marthinsen, Knut/0000-0003-1732-6421; Holm,
Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769
FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Sandia's Laboratory Directed
Research and Development program; United States Department of Energys
National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]
FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys
National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Basic
Energy Sciences and Sandias Laboratory Directed Research and Development
program.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 8
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-390-0
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 715-716
BP 930
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.715-716.930
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA BCA42
UT WOS:000309430800160
ER
PT J
AU Miyasaka, C
Telschow, KL
Tittmann, BR
Sadler, JT
Park, IK
AF Miyasaka, Chiaki
Telschow, Kenneth L.
Tittmann, Bernhard R.
Sadler, Jeffry T.
Park, Ik Keun
TI DIRECT VISUALIZATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVES PROPAGATING WITHIN A SINGLE
ANISOTROPIC CRYSTALLINE PLATE WITH HYBRID ACOUSTIC IMAGING SYSTEM
SO RESEARCH IN NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION
LA English
DT Article
DE acoustic lens; angular spectrum; anisotropy; laser-based ultrasonics
ID MICROSCOPY
AB We present a hybrid acoustic imaging system to directly visualize acoustic waves propagating within a single anisotropic crystalline plate. An acoustic lens (point focus, continuous wave, frequency; 180 MHz) was used to form a point source (diameter of point: approximately 5 mu m) within the silicon plate. A laser interferometric system was used to visualize the acoustic wave propagation. Distinct amplitude patterns at each focal plane were experimentally visualized. The patterns are also theoretically calculated with an Angular Spectrum of Plane Waves method.
C1 [Miyasaka, Chiaki; Tittmann, Bernhard R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Telschow, Kenneth L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
[Sadler, Jeffry T.] Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
[Park, Ik Keun] Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea.
RP Tittmann, BR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 212 Earth Engn Sci Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM brt4@psu.edu
FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korean government (MEST)
[2011-0019195, 2011-0017970, 2011-220-D00002]
FX The authors would like to thank Mr. D. L. Cottle for operating the
opto-acoustic system and Mr. Rob Schley for designing and fabricating
the water couplant filling apparatus for these measurements at Idaho
National Laboratory (INL). This work was supported by a National
Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government
(MEST) (No. 2011-0019195) (No. 2011-0017970) (No. 2011-220-D00002).
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0934-9847
EI 1432-2110
J9 RES NONDESTRUCT EVAL
JI Res. Nondestruct. Eval.
PY 2012
VL 23
IS 4
BP 197
EP 206
DI 10.1080/09349847.2012.661522
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science
GA 030YQ
UT WOS:000310606400002
ER
PT J
AU Saxena, N
Seshadhri, C
AF Saxena, Nitin
Seshadhri, C.
TI BLACKBOX IDENTITY TESTING FOR BOUNDED TOP-FANIN DEPTH-3 CIRCUITS: THE
FIELD DOESN'T MATTER
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE algebra homomorphism; blackbox; Chinese remaindering; depth-3 circuits;
derandomization; identity testing; ideal theory
ID SPARSE MULTIVARIATE POLYNOMIALS; FINITE-FIELDS; MULTILINEAR CIRCUITS;
ARITHMETIC CIRCUITS; INTERPOLATION; FORMULAS; ALGORITHMS; QUERIES; RANK
AB Let C be a depth-3 circuit with n variables, degree d, and top-fanin k (called Sigma Pi Sigma(k, d, n) circuits) over base field F. It is a major open problem to design a deterministic polynomial time blackbox algorithm that tests whether C is identically zero. Klivans and Spielman [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC), 2001, pp. 216-223] observed that the problem is open even when k is a constant. This case has been subjected to serious scrutiny over the past few years, starting from the work of Dvir and Shpilka [SIAM J. Comput., 36 (2007), pp. 1404-1434]. We give the first polynomial time blackbox algorithm for this problem. Our algorithm runs in time poly(n)d(k), regardless of the base field. The only field for which polynomial time algorithms were previously known is F - Q [N. Kayal and S. Saraf, Proceedings of the 50th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2009, pp. 198-207; N. Saxena and C. Seshadhri, Proceedings of the 51st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2010, pp. 21-29]. This is the first blackbox algorithm for depth-3 circuits that does not use the rank-based approaches of Karnin and Shpilka [Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computational Complexity (CCC), 2009, pp. 274-285]. We prove an important tool for the study of depth-3 identities. We design a blackbox polynomial time transformation that reduces the number of variables in a Sigma Pi Sigma(k, d, n) circuit to k variables but preserves the identity structure.
C1 [Saxena, Nitin] Hausdorff Ctr Math, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
[Seshadhri, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Saxena, N (reprint author), Hausdorff Ctr Math, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
EM ns@hcm.uni-bonn.de; scomand@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 45
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 0097-5397
J9 SIAM J COMPUT
JI SIAM J. Comput.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 5
BP 1285
EP 1298
DI 10.1137/10848232
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA 030PM
UT WOS:000310582600009
ER
PT J
AU Dobrev, VA
Kolev, TV
Rieben, RN
AF Dobrev, Veselin A.
Kolev, Tzanio V.
Rieben, Robert N.
TI HIGH-ORDER CURVILINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR LAGRANGIAN
HYDRODYNAMICS
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrodynamics; compressible flow; hyperbolic partial differential
equations; Lagrangian methods; finite elements; variational methods;
high-order methods; curvilinear meshes
ID ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITY; SHOCK HYDRODYNAMICS; GAS-DYNAMICS; SCHEME;
COMPUTATIONS; CONSISTENCY; STABILITY; MESHES; ERRORS
AB The numerical approximation of the Euler equations of gas dynamics in a moving Lagrangian frame is at the heart of many multiphysics simulation algorithms. In this paper, we present a general framework for high-order Lagrangian discretization of these compressible shock hydrodynamics equations using curvilinear finite elements. This method is an extension of the approach outlined in [Dobrev et al., Internat. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 65 (2010), pp. 1295-1310] and can be formulated for any finite dimensional approximation of the kinematic and thermodynamic fields, including generic finite elements on two-and three-dimensional meshes with triangular, quadrilateral, tetrahedral, or hexahedral zones. We discretize the kinematic variables of position and velocity using a continuous high-order basis function expansion of arbitrary polynomial degree which is obtained via a corresponding high-order parametric mapping from a standard reference element. This enables the use of curvilinear zone geometry, higher-order approximations for fields within a zone, and a pointwise definition of mass conservation which we refer to as strong mass conservation. We discretize the internal energy using a piecewise discontinuous high-order basis function expansion which is also of arbitrary polynomial degree. This facilitates multimaterial hydrodynamics by treating material properties, such as equations of state and constitutive models, as piecewise discontinuous functions which vary within a zone. To satisfy the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions at a shock boundary and generate the appropriate entropy, we introduce a general tensor artificial viscosity which takes advantage of the high-order kinematic and thermodynamic information available in each zone. Finally, we apply a generic high-order time discretization process to the semidiscrete equations to develop the fully discrete numerical algorithm. Our method can be viewed as the high-order generalization of the so-called staggered-grid hydrodynamics (SGH) approach and we show that under specific low-order assumptions, we exactly recover the classical SGH method. We present numerical results from an extensive series of verification tests that demonstrate several important practical advantages of using high-order finite elements in this context.
C1 [Dobrev, Veselin A.; Kolev, Tzanio V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Rieben, Robert N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div B, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Dobrev, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM dobrev1@llnl.gov; tzanio@llnl.gov; rieben1@llnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-516394]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-516394.
NR 47
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 16
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 1064-8275
J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT
JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput.
PY 2012
VL 34
IS 5
BP B606
EP B641
DI 10.1137/120864672
PG 36
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 030OU
UT WOS:000310580800022
ER
PT S
AU DasGupta, S
Armstrong, A
Kaplar, R
Marinella, M
Brock, R
Smith, M
Atcitty, S
AF DasGupta, Sandeepan
Armstrong, Andrew
Kaplar, Robert
Marinella, Matthew
Brock, Reinhard
Smith, Mark
Atcitty, Stanley
BE Devaty, RP
Dudley, M
Chow, TP
Neudeck, PG
TI Sub-Bandgap Light-Induced Carrier Generation at Room Temperature in
Silicon Carbide MOS Capacitors
SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials
(ICSCRM 2011)
CY SEP 11-16, 2011
CL Cleveland, OH
SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI
DE Sub-bandgap; optical generation; metastable defect; silicon vacancy
ID DEFECTS
AB Carrier generation characteristics in n-type substrate SiC MOS capacitors induced by sub-bandgap energy light are reported. The generation rate is high enough to create an inversion layer in similar to 20 minutes with monochromatic light (front side illumination) of energy 2.1 eV (intensity similar to 5x10(16) cm(-2)s(-1)) in 4H-SiC for electric fields smaller than 1 MV/cm. Generation and recovery results strongly indicate involvement of a metastable defect whose efficiency as a generation center increases under hole-rich and decreases under electron-rich conditions. The generation dependence on bias history and light energy shows the defect to have properties consistent with the metastable silicon vacancy / carbon vacancy-antisite complex (V-Si / V-c - C-Si).
C1 [DasGupta, Sandeepan; Armstrong, Andrew; Kaplar, Robert; Marinella, Matthew; Brock, Reinhard; Smith, Mark; Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA.
RP DasGupta, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Org 1748,MS 1084, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA.
EM sdasgup@sandia.gov; aarmstr@sandia.gov; rjkapla@sandia.gov;
mmarine@sandia.gov; rcbrock@sandia.gov; masmit@sandia.gov;
satcitt@sandia.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI STAFA-ZURICH
PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-419-8
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 717-720
BP 441
EP 444
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.441
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BCA44
UT WOS:000309431000104
ER
PT S
AU Tuttle, BR
Dhar, S
Ryu, SH
Zhu, X
Williams, JR
Feldman, LC
Pantelides, ST
AF Tuttle, B. R.
Dhar, S.
Ryu, S. -H.
Zhu, X.
Williams, J. R.
Feldman, L. C.
Pantelides, S. T.
BE Devaty, RP
Dudley, M
Chow, TP
Neudeck, PG
TI Sodium, Rubidium and Cesium in the Gate Oxides of SiC MOSFETs
SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials
(ICSCRM 2011)
CY SEP 11-16, 2011
CL Cleveland, OH
SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI
DE Semiconductor Theory; MOSFETs; Shallow Impurities
AB Large group-I elements such as sodium, rubidium and cesium have recently been incorporated in the gate oxide of SiC power MOSFETs. In the case of sodium incorporation, enhanced field effect mobilities have been definitively observed. Based on density functional calculations, we find large group-I elements serve as shallow impurities near the interface. The enhanced mobility, observed in the case of sodium, can be explained in terms of an impurity band model.
C1 [Tuttle, B. R.; Feldman, L. C.; Pantelides, S. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
[Dhar, S.; Ryu, S. -H.] Cree Inc, R&D Div, Durham, NC USA.
[Zhu, X.; Williams, J. R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Feldman, L. C.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, New Brunswick, NJ USA.
[Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Tuttle, BR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
EM brt10@psu.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0907385]
FX This work has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation
via grant DMR-0907385.
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 5
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 717-720
BP 453
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.453
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BCA44
UT WOS:000309431000107
ER
PT S
AU Jayasekera, T
Kim, KW
Nardelli, MB
AF Jayasekera, Thushari
Kim, K. W.
Nardelli, M. Buongiorno
BE Devaty, RP
Dudley, M
Chow, TP
Neudeck, PG
TI Electronic and Structural Properties of Turbostratic Epitaxial Graphene
on the 6H-SiC (000-1) Surface
SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2011, PTS 1 AND 2
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials
(ICSCRM 2011)
CY SEP 11-16, 2011
CL Cleveland, OH
SP Cree, Keithley Instruments, AIXTRON, Dow Corn Elect Solut, Gen Elect, CuttingEdgeIons com, Off Naval Res Global, NASA Glenn Res Ctr, Infineon, SemiSouth, Microsemi, OAI
DE epitaxial graphene; turbostratic; Moire patterns; SiC C-face
ID GRAPHITE; FILMS
AB We propose an atomistic model to study the interface properties of mis-oriented (Wrbostratic) epitaxial graphene on the 6H-SiC (000-1) surface. Using calculations from first principles, we compare the energetics and structural/electronic properties of AB and turbostratic stacking sequences within a model based on the Si adatom surface reconstruction. Our calculations show that the systems with AB and turbostratic sequences are very close in energy, demonstrating the possibility of observation of Moire patterns in epitaxial graphene on the C-face of 6H-SiC. The two-dimensional electron gas behavior is preserved in the epitaxial turbostratic graphene systems. However, there are deviations from the ideal turbostratic graphene.
C1 [Jayasekera, Thushari] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
[Kim, K. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Nardelli, M. Buongiorno] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA.
[Nardelli, M. Buongiorno] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Jayasekera, T (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA.
EM tjayasekera@physics.siu.edu; kwk@ncsu.edu; mbnardelli@ncsu.edu
FU DARPA/HRL; CERA; FCRP FENA; NSF; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; US
Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-
00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC.
FX This work was supported, in part, by the DARPA/HRL, CERA, the FCRP FENA
programs, and NSF. M.B.N. wishes to acknowledge partial support from the
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC05- 00OR22725 with
UT-Battelle, LLC. Calculations have been performed at NCCS-ORNL and HPC-
NCSU
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 10
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
BN 978-3-03785-419-8; 978-3-03813-833-4
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 717-720
BP 595
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.717-720.595
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BCA44
UT WOS:000309431000142
ER
PT J
AU Kim, D
Srivastava, S
Narayanan, S
Archer, LA
AF Kim, Daniel
Srivastava, Samanvaya
Narayanan, Suresh
Archer, Lynden A.
TI Polymer nanocomposites: polymer and particle dynamics
SO SOFT MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAFTED-NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; COMPOSITES; RHEOLOGY;
DISPERSION; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR; MOTION
AB Polymer nanocomposites containing nanoparticles smaller than the random coil size of their host polymer chains are known to exhibit unique properties, such as lower viscosity and glass transition temperature relative to the neat polymer melt. It has been hypothesized that these unusual properties result from fast diffusion of the nanostructures in the host polymer, which facilitates polymer chain relaxation by constraint release and other processes. In this study, the effects of addition of sterically stabilized inorganic nanoparticles to entangled cis-1,4-polyisoprene and polydimethylsiloxane on the overall rheology of nanocomposites are discussed. In addition, insights about the relaxation of the host polymer chains and transport properties of nanoparticles in entangled polymer nanocomposites are presented. The nanoparticles are found to act as effective plasticizers for their entangled linear hosts, and below a critical, chemistry and molecular-weight dependent particle volume fraction, lead to reduced viscosity, glass transition temperature, number of entanglements, and polymer relaxation time. We also find that the particle motions in the polymer host are hyperdiffusive and at the nanoparticle length scale, the polymer host acts like a simple, ideal fluid and the composites' viscosity rises with increasing particle concentration.
C1 [Kim, Daniel; Srivastava, Samanvaya; Archer, Lynden A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
[Narayanan, Suresh] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Archer, LA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM laa25@cornell.edu
RI Srivastava, Samanvaya/J-1977-2012
OI Srivastava, Samanvaya/0000-0002-3519-7224
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1006323, KUS-C1-018-02]; U.S. DOE
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Award no.
DMR-1006323 and Award No.KUS-C1-018-02 made by King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology. Use of the Sector 8-ID-I at Advanced Photon
Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National
Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract no.
DE-AC02-06CH11357. Facilities available through the Cornell Center for
Materials Research (CCMR) were used for this study.
NR 30
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 13
U2 113
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1744-683X
J9 SOFT MATTER
JI Soft Matter
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 42
BP 10813
EP 10818
DI 10.1039/c2sm26325d
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science
GA 033VL
UT WOS:000310829400002
ER
PT J
AU Janak, JM
Brown, RS
Colotelo, AH
Pflugrath, BD
Stephenson, JR
Deng, ZD
Carlson, TJ
Seaburg, AG
AF Janak, Jill M.
Brown, Richard S.
Colotelo, Alison H.
Pflugrath, Brett D.
Stephenson, John R.
Deng, Z. Daniel
Carlson, Thomas J.
Seaburg, Adam G.
TI The Effects of Neutrally Buoyant, Externally Attached Transmitters on
Swimming Performance and Predator Avoidance of Juvenile Chinook Salmon
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; TELEMETRY
TRANSMITTERS; TURBINE PASSAGE; SOCKEYE SALMON; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; FISH;
IMPLANTATION
AB Migrating juvenile salmonids experience rapid decompression that could result in injury or mortality due to barotrauma as they pass turbines at hydropower facilities. Recent research indicates that the risk of injury or mortality due to barotrauma is higher in fish bearing surgically implanted transmitters. Since tagged fish are used to represent the entire population, this tag effect potentially leads to inaccuracies in survival estimates for fish passing turbines. This problem led to development of a novel transmitter, the use of which may eliminate bias associated with the passage of transmitter-bearing fish through turbines. Juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were tagged with two different neutrally buoyant, externally attached transmitters (types A and B). The effects of transmitter presence on swimming performance were examined by comparing critical swimming speeds (U-crit; an index of prolonged swimming performance) of externally tagged fish, untagged individuals, and fish that received surgically implanted Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System acoustic transmitters. Fish tagged with external transmitters had lower U-crit than untagged individuals. However, there was no difference in U-crit between fish with external transmitter type A or B and fish with surgically implanted transmitters. Testing was conducted to determine whether predator avoidance was affected by the presence of type A transmitters compared with untagged fish. No difference in predation mortality was detected between tagged and untagged fish. Although results suggest that U-crit was affected by externally attached transmitters in comparison with untagged fish, the overall impact as reflected by survival was similar; field-based survival studies involving juvenile salmonids passing through hydroturbines are recommended. The absence of swimming performance effects in fish with external tags relative to fish with internally implanted transmitters and the lack of an increased predation risk relative to untagged fish suggest that an externally attached, neutrally buoyant transmitter is a viable option for telemetry studies in estimating survival of juvenile salmonids passing through hydroturbines.
C1 [Janak, Jill M.; Brown, Richard S.; Colotelo, Alison H.; Pflugrath, Brett D.; Stephenson, John R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Deng, Z. Daniel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Carlson, Thomas J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Seaburg, Adam G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM rich.brown@pnnl.gov
RI Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011
OI Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766
FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Portland District
FX Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (USACE) Portland District. We thank USACE staff, including
Robert Johnson, Martin Ahmann, Brad Eppard, Dennis Schwartz, and Mike
Langeslay, and the USACE Turbine Survival Technical Team for their
commitment, assistance, and oversight. We extend appreciation to Tom
Hancock (Eastern Washington University) and John Skalski (University of
Washington) for their technical insight and input. We also thank the
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory staff members whose diverse
professional expertise contributed to the success of this study and the
overall project, including Tylor Abel, Duane Balvage, Andrea Currie,
Kate Deters, Gayle Dirkes, Joanne Duncan, Curt Lavender, Andrea LeBarge,
Jayson Martinez, Geoff McMichael, Mitchell Myjak, Kathy Neiderhiser,
Cory Overman, Jes Smart, Noel Tavan, Tim Linley, Ricardo Walker, and
Mark Weiland.
NR 33
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 15
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0002-8487
EI 1548-8659
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 141
IS 5
BP 1424
EP 1432
DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.688915
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA 030ZM
UT WOS:000310608700023
ER
PT J
AU Magel, GA
Roberts, NA
Fowlkes, JD
Rack, PD
Hartfield, CD
Moore, TM
AF Magel, Gregory A.
Roberts, Nicholas A.
Fowlkes, Jason D.
Rack, Philip D.
Hartfield, Cheryl D.
Moore, Thomas M.
GP IEEE
TI Laser-Assisted Nanofabrication in the Scanning Electron Microscope
SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)
CY AUG 20-23, 2012
CL Birmingham, ENGLAND
SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP)
DE Nanofabrication; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Self-assembly; Electron
Beam; Focused Ion Beam
ID BEAM-INDUCED DEPOSITION; INSTABILITIES; NANOPARTICLES; COPPER; FILMS
AB A prototype apparatus was developed to deliver up to similar to 300 kW/cm(2) of cw or pulsed near IR light to a sample inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or focused ion beam (FIB) instrument. Transient heating of localized areas around the electron or ion beam can be performed with fine control of power and pulse parameters, down to sub-microsecond durations. In conjunction with a gas injection system, electron beam induced deposition (EBID) of enhanced purity Pt and Au structures was demonstrated. Dynamics of pulsed laser induced solid-state dewetting of Ni and Au were also observed in real time in a SEM/FIB, which may lead to improved understanding and manipulation of self-assembled nanostructures.
C1 [Magel, Gregory A.; Roberts, Nicholas A.; Hartfield, Cheryl D.; Moore, Thomas M.] Omniprobe Inc, 10410 Miller Rd, Dallas, TX 75238 USA.
[Roberts, Nicholas A.; Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Fowlkes, Jason D.; Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Magel, GA (reprint author), Omniprobe Inc, 10410 Miller Rd, Dallas, TX 75238 USA.
EM greg.magel@omniprobe.oxinst.com
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-2200-3
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BCE00
UT WOS:000309933900316
ER
PT J
AU Mukhopadhyay, S
He, HY
Pandey, R
Karna, SP
AF Mukhopadhyay, Saikat
He, Haiying
Pandey, Ravindra
Karna, Shashi P.
GP IEEE
TI Conformation vs Voltage Gating in a Molecular Transistor: A
First-Principles Quantum Chemical Study
SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)
CY AUG 20-23, 2012
CL Birmingham, ENGLAND
SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP)
DE Molecular transistor; quantum transport; conformational gating; and
conventional gating
AB The electronic conduction of a novel, three-terminal molecular architecture is studied under the influence of conformational or voltage gating and also when both are simultaneously present. At the ground state configuration, the calculated tunneling current (I-d) as a function of external bias (V-ds) exhibits typical insulator-semiconductor behaviour. However, a significant increase, by more than an order of magnitude, and a distinct variation in the current are predicted in its operational mode (V-ds>1.5V) when additional non-planarity is induced in the triphenyl chain. The observed conformational gating affects the current via localization/delocalization of the electronic wave function in the conduction channel. As the gate-field is turned on, the transport is affected via "enhancement" or "depletion" mode of a transistor, attributed to the intrinsic dipolar molecular architecture. The current modulation is found to reach its maximum only under exclusive effect of voltage or conformational gating and diminishes when both of them are present.
C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Saikat; Pandey, Ravindra] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
[He, Haiying] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Karna, Shashi P.] US Army Res Lab, ATTN RDRL WM, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
EM smukhopa@mtu.edu; haiyinghe@anl.gov; pandey@mtu.edu;
Shashi.p.karna.civ@mail.mil
RI Mukhopadhyay, Saikat/B-4402-2011
FU MTU; Army Research Ot1ice [W911NF -09-1-0221]
FX The work at MTU was performed under support by Army Research Ot1ice
through contract number W911NF -09-1-0221.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-2200-3
PY 2012
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BCE00
UT WOS:000309933900207
ER
PT J
AU Ng, PK
Fisher, B
Low, KB
Bode, M
Lilley, CM
AF Ng, Poh-Keong
Fisher, Brandon
Low, Ke-Bin
Bode, Matthias
Lilley, Carmen M.
GP IEEE
TI Self Assembled Bimetallic Ag/Cu-Si Nanowires on Si(001) Synthesized with
E-beam Evaporation
SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)
CY AUG 20-23, 2012
CL Birmingham, ENGLAND
SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP)
DE Self assembly; E-beam evaporation; Ag/Cu-Si; nanowires; SEM; XEDS
ID NANOPARTICLES
AB This paper presents a method of fabricating self assembled bimetallic Ag and Cu-Si nanowires on Si(001) with electron beam (e-beam) evaporation in ultra high vacuum (UHV) environment. We fabricated three types of bimetallic nanowires with two variations of Ag/Cu-Si that were modulated in longitudinal segment wise and a parallel type of bimetallic nanowire. Two types of fabrication were performed: (1) a two segment nanowire with Ag and Cu-Si in both modulated and parallel directions and (2) a three segment nanowire with the following Ag/Cu-Si/Ag and Cu-Si/Ag/Cu-Si configurations. In situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are shown. X-ray energy dispersive energy spectroscopy (XEDS) was performed on a bimetallic nanowire.
C1 [Ng, Poh-Keong; Lilley, Carmen M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
[Fisher, Brandon] Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Low, Ke-Bin] Univ Illinois, Res Resources Ctr, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
[Bode, Matthias] Univ Wilrzburg, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wilrzburg, Germany.
[Bode, Matthias] Rontgen Res Ctr Complex Mat Syst RCCM, Inst Phys, D-97074 Wilrzburg, Germany.
[Lilley, Carmen M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
RP Ng, PK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
EM clilley@uic.edu
FU NSF ARRA CAREER [CMMI-0846814]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CHI1357]
FX This research is sponsored by a NSF ARRA CAREER grant (CMMI-0846814).
Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CHI1357.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-2200-3
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BCE00
UT WOS:000309933900229
ER
PT J
AU Wu, YMA
Speller, S
Creeth, G
Sadowski, J
Allen, CS
Warner, JH
AF Wu, Yimin A.
Speller, Susannah
Creeth, Graham
Sadowski, Jurek
Allen, Christopher S.
Warner, Jamie H.
GP IEEE
TI Large Single Crystals of Graphene on Melted Copper using Chemical Vapour
Deposition
SO 2012 12TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)
CY AUG 20-23, 2012
CL Birmingham, ENGLAND
SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Univ Birmingham, Inst Phys (IOP)
AB A simple one-step method is presented for synthesizing large single crystal graphene domains on melted copper using atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (CVD). This is achieved by performing the reaction above the melting point of copper (1090 degrees C) and using a molybdenum support to prevent balling of the copper from dewetting. By controlling the amount of hydrogen during growth, individual single crystal domains of monolayer graphene greater than 200 mu m are produced, determined by electron diffraction mapping. Angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to show the graphene grown on copper exhibits a linear dispersion relationship and has no sign of doping.
C1 [Wu, Yimin A.; Speller, Susannah; Allen, Christopher S.; Warner, Jamie H.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
[Creeth, Graham] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
[Sadowski, Jurek] Ctr Funct Nanomat, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Wu, YMA (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
EM Yimin.wu@materials.ox.ac.uk
FU EPSRC International Doctoral Scholarship (IDS); Wolfson China
Scholarship; China Oxford Scholarship Fund; Overseas Research
Scholarship; Royal Society and BaHiol College; U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-98CHI0886]
FX Y.A.W thanks fmancial support from EPSRC International Doctoral
Scholarship (IDS), Wolfson China Scholarship, China Oxford Scholarship
Fund and Overseas Research Scholarship. J.H.W. thanks the support from
the Royal Society and BaHiol College. Research carried out in part at
the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and National Synchrotron Light
Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which are supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract
No. DEAC02-98CHI0886.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 22
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-2200-3
PY 2012
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BCE00
UT WOS:000309933900236
ER
PT S
AU Liang, ZX
AF Liang, Zhenxian
GP IEEE
TI Status and Trend of Automotive Power Packaging
SO 2012 24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ICS
(ISPSD)
SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor
Devices & ICs
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 24th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs
(ISPSD)
CY JUN 03-07, 2012
CL Bruges, BELGIUM
SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc (EDS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS), Inst Elect Engineers Japan (IEEJ), European Ctr Power Elect (ECPE), ABB, Alpha & Omega Semicond, Appl Mat, Fairchild Semicond, Fe, Infineon, Int IOR Rectifier, Micro Gan GmbH, Mitsubishi Elect & Elect, NXP, ON Semicond, Semikron, ST
DE packaging; power semiconductor; power module; electric drive; hybrid
electric & electric vehicles
AB Comprehensive requirements in aspects of cost, reliability, efficiency, form factor, weight, and volume for power electronics modules in modern electric drive vehicles have driven the development of automotive power packaging technology intensively. Innovation in materials, interconnections, and processing techniques is leading to enormous improvements in power modules. In this paper, the technical development of and trends in power module packaging are evaluated by examining technical details with examples of industrial products. The issues and development directions for future automotive power module packaging are also discussed.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
RP Liang, ZX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
OI Liang, Zhenxian/0000-0002-2811-0944
NR 16
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1063-6854
BN 978-1-4577-1595-2
J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER
PY 2012
BP 325
EP 331
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ65
UT WOS:000309220400080
ER
PT J
AU Schulte, EF
Cooper, KA
Phillips, M
Shinde, SL
AF Schulte, Eric F.
Cooper, Keith A.
Phillips, Matthew
Shinde, Subhash L.
GP IEEE
TI Characterization of a Novel Fluxless Surface Preparation Process for Die
Interconnect Bonding
SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc
AB For applications such as 3D integration, flip chip, and other die interconnection processes, a variety of metals is used to form an electrical and mechanical bond between the two components. Native oxides, however, quickly form on many of the common bond materials, hindering the integrity of the joint and adversely affecting long-term reliability. A new method has been developed to reduce these surface oxides and passivate the exposed metal surfaces against re-oxidation. Avoiding the use of acids or the possible exposure to hot electrons, ions and highly energetic atoms of conventional vacuum plasma, the developed and tested processing is carried out in atmospheric ambient to remove native oxides from solders and contact metals, enabling consistent bonding at modest temperatures and bond forces.
The processing approach has been applied to a variety of metal and alloy surfaces, with bonding pursued over a range of forces and temperatures. Analysis of treated and untreated surfaces will also be presented, including SEM images and surface analysis techniques such as laser ellipsometry. Finally, physical bonding results will demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed atmospheric surface preparation approach, lowering the temperatures and bond forces required to achieve effective joining between component parts.
C1 [Schulte, Eric F.; Cooper, Keith A.; Phillips, Matthew] SET N Amer, 343 Meadow Fox Lane, Chester, NH 03036 USA.
[Shinde, Subhash L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Schulte, EF (reprint author), SET N Amer, 343 Meadow Fox Lane, Chester, NH 03036 USA.
EM ericfschulte@yahoo.com; kcooper@set-na.com
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1965-2
PY 2012
BP 26
EP 30
PG 5
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ36
UT WOS:000309162000005
ER
PT J
AU Henry, MD
Greth, KD
Nguyen, J
Nordquist, CD
Shul, R
Wiwi, M
Plut, TA
Olsson, RH
AF Henry, M. David
Greth, K. Douglas
Janet Nguyen
Nordquist, Christopher D.
Shul, Randy
Wiwi, Mike
Plut, Thomas A.
Olsson, Roy H., III
GP IEEE
TI Hermetic Wafer-Level Packaging for RF MEMs: Effects on Resonator
Performance
SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT)
AB The work presented here details the wafer-level fabrication and integration of aluminum nitride (AlN) micro resonators into hermetic micro environments. By etching cavities into the lid wafer and then bonding the lid wafer to a wafer of AlN micro resonators, a hermetic micro environment is created. After bonding, the lid wafer is thinned by plasma etching to expose individual die. This sequence presents the opportunity to perform resonator release on a wafer level while providing protection from dicing and other fabrication steps. We present here, fabrication and integration specifics on the wafer-level-packaging (WLP). Further we detail challenges encountered during the integration process including: elimination of micro voids created during eutectic wafer bonding, the use of plasma etching of lid wafers as a replacement to polish based wafer thinning, techniques to confirm hermetic environments, and significant failure mechanisms of the process limiting yield. Finally, we quantify improvements of the AlN micro resonators by correlating quality factors and integrated Pirani gauges.
C1 [Henry, M. David; Greth, K. Douglas; Janet Nguyen; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Shul, Randy; Wiwi, Mike; Plut, Thomas A.; Olsson, Roy H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Henry, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM mdhenry@sandia.gov
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1965-2
PY 2012
BP 362
EP 369
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ36
UT WOS:000309162000060
ER
PT J
AU Tian, T
Chen, K
Kunz, M
Tamura, N
Zhan, CJ
Chang, TC
Tu, KN
AF Tian, Tian
Chen, Kai
Kunz, Martin
Tamura, Nobumichi
Zhan, Chau-Jie
Chang, Tao-Chih
Tu, King-Ning
GP IEEE
TI Preferred Orientation of 30 mu m Fine Pitch Sn2.5Ag Micro-bumps Studied
by Synchrotron Polychromatic X-ray Laue Microdiffraction
SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc
ID TIN; DIFFUSION; JOINT
AB Synchrotron radiation white beam x-ray microdiffraction was employed to study grain size and orientation of fine pitch Sn2.5Ag micro-bumps. The indexing of the Laue patterns shows that there is mostly one dominant grain orientation in each micro-bump. Moreover, a statistics study based on the characterization of 72 micro-bumps, shows that the [001] direction, which is the fast diffusion path for Ni/Cu atoms in Sn tends to be parallel to the substrate of the test vehicle. This property remains stable after repeated reflow processes.
C1 [Tian, Tian; Tu, King-Ning] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
[Chen, Kai] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Kunz, Martin; Tamura, Nobumichi] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zhan, Chau-Jie; Chang, Tao-Chih] Ind Technol Res Inst, Elect & Optoelect Res Lab, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan.
RP Tian, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
EM tian85@ucla.edu
RI Kunz, Martin/K-4491-2012; Chen, Kai/O-5662-2014
OI Kunz, Martin/0000-0001-9769-9900; Chen, Kai/0000-0002-4917-4445
FU SRC [KJ-1772]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of
the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors at UCLA would like to acknowledge the support from SRC
contract KJ-1772. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the
Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1965-2
PY 2012
BP 882
EP 885
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ36
UT WOS:000309162000142
ER
PT J
AU Brocato, RW
Brocato, TA
Wendt, JR
Sanchez, CA
Stotts, LG
AF Brocato, Robert W.
Brocato, Terisse A.
Wendt, Joel R.
Sanchez, Carlos A.
Stotts, Larry G.
GP IEEE
TI Optimized SAW Chemical Sensor with Microfluidic Packaging
SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT)
DE surface acoustic wave; sensors; RF packaging; microfluidic
AB Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are used as sensing elements in the best performing portable chemical detectors. The SAW device, with a selectively absorbing chemical coating, serves as a mass sensor which preferentially responds to various chemical exposures. To obtain the highest performance, a number of criteria must be optimized, including SAW microwave insertion loss, impedance matching, electrode design configuration, RF shielding, chemically absorbent coating area, electronic measurement approach, and microfluidic packaging. A properly optimized system can be sensitive to chemical exposures the parts-per-trillion range. We report on a design optimization approach consisting of multiple comparison experiments made with competing designs.
C1 [Brocato, Robert W.; Brocato, Terisse A.; Wendt, Joel R.; Sanchez, Carlos A.; Stotts, Larry G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Brocato, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM rwbroca@sandia.gov
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1965-2
PY 2012
BP 936
EP 941
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ36
UT WOS:000309162000152
ER
PT J
AU Palmer, J
Chu, D
Fang, L
AF Palmer, Jeremy
Chu, Dahwey
Fang, Lu
GP IEEE
TI Evaluation of Self-Assembled Monolayer Treatment for Wire Bonding with
ENEPIG Surface Finish
SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT)
ID CHIP
AB Extended service life plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packaging with Au ball wire bonding and die-side electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) surface finish is in development. Post-microfabrication ENEPIG plating is proposed for the extended service life PBGA application to reduce the risk of brittle failure of wire bonds with Au-Al intermetallics over decades of exposure to thermal extremes in the field. An experimental study was undertaken to measure wire bond strength in PBGA samples with ENEPIG plating and varying die and substrate surface preparation. Liquid-phase immersion surface treatment with alkanethiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was investigated as an alternative to argon plasma cleaning. Wire bond pull and shear force measurements per MIL-STD-883 were performed on four groups of PBGA samples with prescribed combinations of ENEPIG plating, plasma cleaning and SAM surface treatment. Results reveal that average wire bond pull and shear force in ENEPIG-plated samples exceed six grams force in all cases and are consistent with that of non-plated samples for constant bonding parameters. Surface treatment yields a measurable increase in wire bond strength relative to untreated samples, and ENEPIG-plated samples that receive plasma cleaning exhibit 23% greater average wire bond pull force relative to plated samples treated with SAMs. Wire bond strength was lower in samples where greater ENEPIG surface roughness was observed, consistent with data from the literature. The outcome supports the importance of surface cleaning for robust wire bonds, and suggests that in the context of strength, ENEPIG plating is compatible with the legacy Au ball-on-Al pad thermosonic wire bonding process.
C1 [Palmer, Jeremy; Chu, Dahwey; Fang, Lu] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Palmer, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM japalme@sandia.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1965-2
PY 2012
BP 1159
EP 1162
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ36
UT WOS:000309162000186
ER
PT J
AU Chu, D
Rohwer, LES
AF Chu, Dahwey
Rohwer, Lauren E. S.
GP IEEE
TI Development of Ultra Dense Edge Interconnects for Die to Die Connections
Based on Immersion Solder Bridging
SO 2012 IEEE 62ND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 62nd IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)
CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2012
CL San Diego, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc (CPMT)
AB A high density 2-D integration process that involves linking multiple die along their edges using a linear array of solder bridges was explored. Solder bridging is a versatile approach that is compatible with a range of interconnect geometries and metallizations. We have demonstrated this approach using copper plated nodules that were fabricated on the surface of the die and extend beyond the edge of the die. These nodules were 25 microns (mu m) thick with 10, 20, and 50 mu m widths. The formation of solder bridges was accomplished using immersion soldering, where the entire part was dipped into a molten solder bath. Due to surface energy effects, the solder selectively wets and flows along all wettable metal surfaces to form a strong solder bond. The solder can even flow across gaps (15 microns).
C1 [Chu, Dahwey; Rohwer, Lauren E. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Chu, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0352, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM chud@sandia.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-1965-2
PY 2012
BP 1984
EP 1991
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ36
UT WOS:000309162000316
ER
PT S
AU Christophersen, JP
Morrison, JL
Rose, DM
Morrison, WH
Motloch, CG
AF Christophersen, Jon P.
Morrison, John L.
Rose, David M.
Morrison, William H.
Motloch, Chester G.
GP IEEE
TI Crosstalk Compensation for a Rapid, Higher-Resolution Impedance Spectrum
Measurement
SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE
SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Aerospace Conference
CY MAR 03-10, 2012
CL Big Sky, MT
SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS
ID LEAD-ACID-BATTERIES
AB Crosstalk Compensation is an approach that enables rapid, higher-resolution impedance spectra measurements of energy storage devices. The input signal consists of a sum-of-sines excitation current that has a known frequency spread. The advantage of Crosstalk Compensation is that high resolution spectra can be acquired within one period of the lowest frequency while also including non-harmonic frequencies. The crosstalk interference at a given frequency can be pre-determined and assigned to an error matrix. The real and imaginary impedance can then be calculated based on the inverse of the error matrix and captured response. Analytical validation of Crosstalk Compensation was performed using a battery equivalent circuit model. Two different frequency ranges were simulated, and both indicated that a minimum step factor between frequencies should be 1.25 to reduce the error in compensating the captured response signal. For a frequency range of 1638.4-0.1 Hz, for example, a maximum of 45 frequencies should be included within the excitation signal to accurately acquire the impedance spectra at high resolution. A simplified derivation of Crosstalk Compensation and its corresponding analytical validation studies are discussed.
C1 [Christophersen, Jon P.] Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
[Morrison, John L.; Rose, David M.] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.
[Morrison, William H.] Qualtech Syst Inc, Wethersfield, CT USA.
[Motloch, Chester G.] Motloch Consulting Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA.
RP Christophersen, JP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM Jon.Christophersen@inl.gov; jmorrison@mtech.edu; fievel.rook@gmail.com;
bill@teamqsi.com; cmotloch@gmail.com
FU agency of the United States Government under US DOE [DE-AC07-05ID14517];
U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies; agency of the U.S. Government
FX This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of
the United States Government under US DOE Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517.
Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle
Technologies. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by
accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S.
Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide
license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript,
or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.; This
information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of
the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof,
nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or
assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,
completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or
process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe
privately owned rights. References herein to any specific commercial
product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or
otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,
recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency
thereof. Views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not
necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency
thereof.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1095-323X
BN 978-1-4577-0557-1
J9 AEROSP CONF PROC
PY 2012
PG 16
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BBZ12
UT WOS:000309105304001
ER
PT S
AU Jungwirth, MEL
Wilcox, CC
Romeo, RC
Wick, DV
Dereniak, EL
Martin, RN
Baker, MS
AF Jungwirth, Matthew E. L.
Wilcox, Christopher C.
Romeo, Robert C.
Wick, David V.
Dereniak, Eustace L.
Martin, Robert N.
Baker, Michael S.
GP IEEE
TI Actuation for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Active Optical Mirrors
SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE
SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Aerospace Conference
CY MAR 03-10, 2012
CL Big Sky, MT
SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS
AB Adaptive or active elements can alter their shape to remove aberrations or shift focal points. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) material improves upon current active mirror materials, such as Zerodur, in several ways: low stiffness-to-weight ratio, very low hysteresis, and greater dynamic range of correction. In this paper, we present recent developments in CFRP mirror actuation, i.e., changing the mirror's shape in an accurate and repeatable fashion. Actuation methods are studied both theoretically, using finite element analysis, and experimentally, using interferometric testing. We present results using two annular rings to push against the mirror's back, producing a wavefront with less than 20 waves of total error. Applications for this work include active telescope secondaries, phase diversity, and adaptive zoom systems.
C1 [Jungwirth, Matthew E. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
[Wilcox, Christopher C.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
[Romeo, Robert C.] Composite Mirror Appl, Tucson, AZ USA.
[Dereniak, Eustace L.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Jungwirth, MEL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
EM mejungw@sandia.gov; Chris.wilcox@gmail.com;
robertromeo@compositemirrors.com; dvwick@sandia.gov;
eustace@optics.arizona.edu; robertmartin@compositemirrors.com;
msbaker@sandia.gov
FU Office of Naval Research; Sandia Labs; United States Department of
Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to thank the invaluable assistance of Brian Clark
and Jared Milinazzo, and useful discussions with Freddie Santiago and
Brett Bagwell. M. Jungwirth would like to thank E. Jungwirth for helpful
comments on the manuscript.; This work was supported in part by the
Office of Naval Research (Michael Duncan program manager) and the Sandia
Labs LDRD program.; Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by
Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States
Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1095-323X
BN 978-1-4577-0557-1
J9 AEROSP CONF PROC
PY 2012
PG 9
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BBZ12
UT WOS:000309105301088
ER
PT S
AU Lindsay, S
Poore, C
AF Lindsay, Steve
Poore, Clark
GP IEEE
TI An Optimized Database for Spacecraft State-of-Health Analysis
SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE
SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Aerospace Conference
CY MAR 03-10, 2012
CL Big Sky, MT
SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS
AB This paper describes the design and implementation of an optimized state-of-health (SOH) database. We include performance data for querying measurands with various sample rates and with various change rates across multiple time intervals.
C1 [Lindsay, Steve; Poore, Clark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Lindsay, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM srlinds@sandia.gov; capoore@sandia.gov
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1095-323X
BN 978-1-4577-0557-1
J9 AEROSP CONF PROC
PY 2012
PG 8
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BBZ12
UT WOS:000309105304011
ER
PT S
AU Teifel, J
Flores, RS
Pearson, S
Begay, C
Ma, KK
Palmer, J
AF Teifel, John
Flores, Richard S.
Pearson, Sean
Begay, Cynthia
Ma, Kwok Kee
Palmer, Jeremy
GP IEEE
TI ViArray Standard Platforms: Rad-Hard Structured ASICs for Digital and
Mixed-Signal Applications
SO 2012 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE
SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Aerospace Conference
CY MAR 03-10, 2012
CL Big Sky, MT
SP IEEE, AIAA, Phmsoc, AESS
AB Sandia's radiation-hardened ViArray standard platforms use via-configurable circuits to create quick-turn, low-cost structured ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits). Via-configurable technology enables performance similar to standard-cell ASICs, but with low-volume costs approaching that of programmable logic devices. Due to their significantly lower development cost and shorter production times, ViArray ASICs are rapidly replacing custom ASICs in Sandia's high-reliability digital and analog applications. This paper describes the Eiger ViArray platform, which is optimized for general-purpose digital applications, and the Whistler ViArray platform, which is optimized for mixed-signal instrumentation and state-of-health applications.(123)
C1 [Teifel, John; Flores, Richard S.; Pearson, Sean; Begay, Cynthia; Ma, Kwok Kee; Palmer, Jeremy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Teifel, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1072, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM jteifel@sandia.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1095-323X
BN 978-1-4577-0557-1
J9 AEROSP CONF PROC
PY 2012
PG 9
WC Engineering, Aerospace
SC Engineering
GA BBZ12
UT WOS:000309105302058
ER
PT S
AU Huang, WT
Ji, ZP
Brumby, SP
Kenyon, G
Bettencourt, LMA
AF Huang, Wentao
Ji, Zhengping
Brumby, Steven P.
Kenyon, Garrett
Bettencourt, Luis M. A.
GP IEEE
TI Development of Invariant Feature Maps via A Computational Model of
Simple and Complex Cells
SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN)
SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
CY JUN 10-15, 2012
CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA
ID RECEPTIVE-FIELD ORGANIZATION; SLOW FEATURE ANALYSIS; CATS STRIATE
CORTEX; VISUAL-CORTEX; OBJECT RECOGNITION; SYSTEM; V1
AB In the primate's primary visual cortex (V1), cells are classified in terms of two categories: simple cells and complex cells, given their response properties. While simple cells respond strongly to gating and bar stimuli at a certain phase and location, responses of complex cells are insensitive to small translation of stimulus within the receptive field [1]. Inspired by the response properties of simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex, we propose a computational network to learn the receptive fields of these cells, and address the development of translation invariance from a temporal sequence of natural images. A generative model with sparseness constraints is devised to minimize the energy of prediction errors. Each simple cell is modulated by a higher layer of complex cells in a multiplicative fashion, where a slowness property and a trace-like rule are enforced on complex cells, as the result of a temporal coherence soft constraint. Furthermore, non-negativity constraints of the latent cell variables and weight matrices are imposed to fit the known neurophysiology. We present an online gradient descent algorithm to train our model from natural image sequences, in which a pre-training strategy is used to initialize the weights. The developed connection weights show that complex cell outputs are directly proportional to quadratic forms of simple cell responses. Each receptive field of simple cells develop a Gabor-like orientation filter, and each complex cell pools similar simple cell receptive fields - in retinotopic and feature space - producing the locally-invariant representation.
C1 [Huang, Wentao] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Ji, Zhengping] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Ji, Zhengping] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Brumby, Steven P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 3, Space Data Syst Grp, Machine Learning Team, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Kenyon, Garrett] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P21, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Bettencourt, Luis M. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T5, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Bettencourt, Luis M. A.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM USA.
RP Huang, WT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
EM whuang21@jhmi.edu; jizhengp@gmail.com; brumby@lanl.gov;
garkenyon@gmail.com; lmbettencourt@gmail.com
FU DOE LDRD-DR program
FX This work was supported by the DOE LDRD-DR program.
NR 29
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2161-4393
BN 978-1-4673-1490-9
J9 IEEE IJCNN
PY 2012
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BCA06
UT WOS:000309341301021
ER
PT S
AU Ji, ZP
Huang, WT
Brumby, SP
AF Ji, Zhengping
Huang, Wentao
Brumby, Steven P.
GP IEEE
TI Learning Sparse Representation via a Nonlinear Shrinkage Encoder and a
Linear Sparse Decoder
SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN)
SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
CY JUN 10-15, 2012
CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA
ID ALGORITHM
AB Learning sparse representations for deep networks has drawn considerable research interest in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel framework to learn sparse representations via a generalized encoder-decoder architecture. The basic idea is to adopt a fast approximation to the iterative sparse coding solution and form an efficient nonlinear encoder to map an input to a sparse representation. A set of basis functions is then learned through the minimization of an energy function consisting of a sparseness prior and linear decoder constraints. Applying a greedy layer-wise learning scheme, this framework can be extended to more layers to learn deep networks. The proposed learning algorithm is also highly efficient as no iterative operations are required, and both batch and on-line learning are supported. Given the sparse representation and basis functions, an optimized decoding procedure is carried out to reconstruct and denoise the input signals. We evaluate our model on natural image patches to develop a dictionary of V1-like Gabor filters, and further show that basis functions in a higher layer (e.g., V2) combine the filters in a lower layer to generate more complex patterns to benefit the high-level tasks. We then use the sparse representations to recognize objects in two benchmark data sets (i.e., CIFAR-10 and NORB) via a linear SVM classifier, and demonstrate better or comparable recognition performances with respect to state-of-art algorithms. The image reconstruction of MNIST images and the restoration of corrupted versions are presented at the end.
C1 [Ji, Zhengping] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Huang, Wentao] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
[Brumby, Steven P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Machine Learning Team, Space Data Syst Grp, ISR 3, Los Alamos, NM USA.
RP Ji, ZP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM zji@lanl.gov; whuang21@jhmi.edu; brumby@lanl.gov
FU DOE LDRD-DR program
FX This work is supported by the DOE LDRD-DR program.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2161-4393
BN 978-1-4673-1490-9
J9 IEEE IJCNN
PY 2012
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA BCA06
UT WOS:000309341303032
ER
PT S
AU Arbanas, G
Becker, B
Dagan, R
Dunn, ME
Larson, NM
Leal, LC
Williams, ML
AF Arbanas, G.
Becker, B.
Dagan, R.
Dunn, M. E.
Larson, N. M.
Leal, L. C.
Williams, M. L.
BE Neudecker, D
Leeb, H
TI Covariance Matrix of a Double-Differential Doppler-Broadened Elastic
Scattering Cross Section
SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES
SE EPJ Web of Conferences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances
CY SEP 14-16, 2011
CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP Vienna Univ Technol
HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst
AB Legendre moments of a double-differential Doppler-broadened elastic neutron scattering cross section on U-238 are computed near the 6.67 eV resonance at temperature T = 10(3) K up to angular order 14. A covariance matrix of these Legendre moments is computed as a functional of the covariance matrix of the elastic scattering cross section. A variance of double-differential Doppler-broadened elastic scattering cross section is computed from the covariance of Legendre moments.
C1 [Arbanas, G.; Dunn, M. E.; Larson, N. M.; Leal, L. C.; Williams, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Becker, B.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aeospace & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
[Dagan, R.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Neutron Phys & Reaktortech, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
RP Arbanas, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM arbanasg@ornl.gov
OI Becker, Bjorn/0000-0001-6821-1873
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 2100-014X
J9 EPJ WEB CONF
PY 2012
VL 27
AR 00006
DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700006
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCB38
UT WOS:000309599200006
ER
PT S
AU Mattoon, CM
Brown, D
Elliott, JB
AF Mattoon, C. M.
Brown, D.
Elliott, J. B.
BE Neudecker, D
Leeb, H
TI Covariance Applications with Kiwi
SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES
SE EPJ Web of Conferences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances
CY SEP 14-16, 2011
CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP Vienna Univ Technol
HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst
AB The Computational Nuclear Physics group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is developing a new tool, named 'Kiwi', that is intended as an interface between the covariance data increasingly available in major nuclear reaction libraries (including ENDF and ENDL) and large-scale Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) studies. Kiwi is designed to integrate smoothly into large UQ studies, using the covariance matrix to generate multiple variations of nuclear data. The code has been tested using critical assemblies as a test case, and is being integrated into LLNL's quality assurance and benchmarking for nuclear data.
C1 [Mattoon, C. M.; Elliott, J. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Brown, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Mattoon, CM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM mattoon1@llnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory [DE-AC52-
07NA27344]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-
07NA27344.
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 2100-014X
J9 EPJ WEB CONF
PY 2012
VL 27
AR 00002
DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700002
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCB38
UT WOS:000309599200002
ER
PT S
AU Otuka, N
Capote, R
Kopecky, S
Plompen, AJM
Pronyaev, VG
Schillebeeckx, P
Smith, DL
AF Otuka, N.
Capote, R.
Kopecky, S.
Plompen, A. J. M.
Pronyaev, V. G.
Schillebeeckx, P.
Smith, D. L.
BE Neudecker, D
Leeb, H
TI Experimental Uncertainty and Covariance Information in EXFOR Library
SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES
SE EPJ Web of Conferences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances
CY SEP 14-16, 2011
CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP Vienna Univ Technol
HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst
ID CROSS-SECTIONS
AB Compilation of experimental uncertainty and covariance information in the EXFOR Library is discussed. Following the presentation of a brief history of information provided in the EXFOR Library, the current EXFOR Formats and their limitations are reviewed. Proposed extensions for neutron-induced reaction cross sections in the fast neutron region and resonance region are also presented.
C1 [Otuka, N.; Capote, R.] IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
[Kopecky, S.; Plompen, A. J. M.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC JRC, Inst Reference Mat & Measurement, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
[Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Russia.
[Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Coronado, CA 92118 USA.
RP Otuka, N (reprint author), IAEA, Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014
OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438
NR 26
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 2100-014X
J9 EPJ WEB CONF
PY 2012
VL 27
AR 00007
DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700007
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCB38
UT WOS:000309599200007
ER
PT S
AU Talou, P
Rising, M
Kawano, T
Prinja, A
AF Talou, Patrick
Rising, Mike
Kawano, Toshihiko
Prinja, Anil
BE Neudecker, D
Leeb, H
TI Systematic Quantification of Uncertainties for Evaluated Prompt Fission
Neutron Spectra and Multiplicities
SO 2ND WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON CROSS SECTION COVARIANCES
SE EPJ Web of Conferences
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Covariances
CY SEP 14-16, 2011
CL Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst, Vienna, AUSTRIA
SP Vienna Univ Technol
HO Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst
ID U-235
AB Uncertainties associated with evaluated average prompt fission neutron spectra and multiplicities are obtained for a suite of actinides in the Los Alamos model formalism. Systematics for the model input parameters are taken from the literature and used as prior values in a Bayesian updating procedure. Posterior systematics as well as associated posterior uncertainties are inferred. In addition, cross-isotope correlations are evaluated for the first time. The quantification of uncertainties associated with advanced Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach calculations of prompt fission neutron spectra is also discussed.
C1 [Talou, Patrick; Rising, Mike; Kawano, Toshihiko] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
[Rising, Mike; Prinja, Anil] Univ New Mexico, Dept Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Talou, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM talou@lanl.gov
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU E D P SCIENCES
PI CEDEX A
PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A,
FRANCE
SN 2100-014X
J9 EPJ WEB CONF
PY 2012
VL 27
AR 00001
DI 10.1051/epjconf/20122700001
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCB38
UT WOS:000309599200001
ER
PT S
AU Wittman, RS
Buck, EC
AF Wittman, Richard S.
Buck, Edgar C.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Sensitivity of UO2 Stability in a Reducing Environment on Radiolysis
Model Parameters
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID FUEL; WATER
AB Results for a radiolysis model sensitivity study of radiolytically produced H2O2 are presented as they relate to Spent (or Used) Light Water Reactor uranium oxide (UO2) nuclear fuel (UNF) oxidation in a low oxygen environment. The model builds on previous reaction kinetic studies to represent the radiolytic processes occurring at the nuclear fuel surface. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the dominant oxidant for spent nuclear fuel in an O-2-depleted water environment. The most sensitive parameters have been identified with respect to predictions under typical conditions. As compared with the full model with about 100 reactions, it was found that only 30 to 40 of the reactions are required to determine [H2O2] to one part in 10(-5) and to preserve most of the predictions for major species. This allows a systematic approach for model simplification and offers guidance in designing experiments for validation.
C1 [Wittman, Richard S.; Buck, Edgar C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Wittman, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RI Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013
OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 3
EP 8
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1449
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000001
ER
PT S
AU Insepov, Z
Rest, J
Yacout, AM
Ye, B
Yun, D
Kuksin, AY
Norman, GE
Stegailov, VV
Yanilkin, AV
AF Insepov, Zeke
Rest, Jeffrey
Yacout, Abdellatif M.
Ye, Bei
Yun, Di
Kuksin, Alexey Y.
Norman, Genri E.
Stegailov, Vladimir V.
Yanilkin, Alexey V.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Atomistic and Kinetic Simulations of Radiation Damage in Molybdenum
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID SELF-INTERSTITIAL ATOM; DISLOCATION LOOPS; CLUSTERS; DIFFUSION;
MIGRATION; MOBILITY; METALS; IRON
AB A new Mo potential, developed recently by using an ab initio quantum mechanics theory, was used to study formation and time evolution of radiation defects, such as self-interstitial atoms (SIAs), vacancies, and small clusters of SIAs, using molecular dynamics (MD). MD models were developed for calculation of the diffusion coefficients of vacancies, self-interstitials, and small dislocation loops containing 2 to 37 SIAs; and the rate constants were calculated. Interactions of small SIA loops with SIAs were simulated. The results show that rotation of SIA from one < 111 > to another equivalent direction is an important mechanism that significantly contributes to kinetic coefficients.
C1 [Insepov, Zeke; Rest, Jeffrey; Yacout, Abdellatif M.; Ye, Bei; Yun, Di] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Insepov, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RI Norman, Genri/E-1418-2013; Yun, Di/K-6441-2013; Insepov,
Zinetula/L-2095-2013; Kuksin, Alexey/F-3203-2014; Stegailov,
Vladimir/C-4756-2013
OI Yun, Di/0000-0002-9767-3214; Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293;
Stegailov, Vladimir/0000-0002-5349-3991
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 10
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 15
EP 21
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1478
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000003
ER
PT S
AU Bozzolo, G
Yacout, AM
Hofman, GL
Mosca, HO
AF Bozzolo, Guillermo
Yacout, Abdellatif M.
Hofman, Gerard L.
Mosca, H. O.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Modeling of In, Tl, Ga, Sb, and Pd as lanthanides binding agents in U-Zr
metallic nuclear fuels
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID MIGRATION
AB Atomistic modeling is used to study the role of different alloying additions to metallic U-Zr nuclear fuels in terms of their ability to reduce lanthanide migration to the outer surface of the fuel and thus reduce their interaction with cladding. The Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) method for alloys is used to examine the behavior of each addition, the resulting phase structure, and the evolution of the fuel surface. Different behaviors are observed for each of the additives (In, Tl, Ga, Sb, Pd), all a result of the competition between the formation of bulk precipitates and the tendency of each additive to segregate to the surface. For each case, characteristic temperatures are determined indicating the range of temperatures in which each additive performs a different role. Sb and Pd additives are determined to be the most effective additions, properly balancing their ability to bind lanthanides in the fuel with their own segregating tendencies.
C1 [Bozzolo, Guillermo; Yacout, Abdellatif M.; Hofman, Gerard L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Bozzolo, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 29
EP 35
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.915
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000005
ER
PT S
AU Ye, B
Yun, D
Insepov, Z
Rest, J
AF Ye, Bei
Yun, Di
Insepov, Zeke
Rest, Jeffrey
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Multi-Scale Modeling of Interstitial Dislocation Loop Growth in
Irradiated Materials
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
AB In order to reduce the inherent uncertainty in kinetic theory models and promote their transition to become predictive methodologies, a multi-scale modeling approach is proposed and demonstrated in this work. KiValues of key materials properties such as point defect (vacancy and interstitial) migration enthalpies, as well as kinetic factors, such as dimer formation and defect recombination coefficients and self-interstitial atom - interstitial loop reaction rates, were obtained by ab initio/molecular dynamics calculations. A rate theory model was used to interpret the evolution of dislocation loops in irradiated molybdenum. Calculations of the dose dependence of average loop diameter were performed and compared to experimental measurements obtained from irradiations with high-energy electrons. The comparison demonstrates reasonable agreement between model-predicted and experiment-measured data.
C1 [Ye, Bei; Yun, Di; Insepov, Zeke; Rest, Jeffrey] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Ye, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RI Yun, Di/K-6441-2013; Insepov, Zinetula/L-2095-2013
OI Yun, Di/0000-0002-9767-3214; Insepov, Zinetula/0000-0002-8079-6293
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 37
EP 42
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1059
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000006
ER
PT S
AU Valone, SM
AF Valone, Steven M.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Models of Mixed Metal-Oxide Interfaces for Atomistic Materials
Simulations
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID ELECTRONEGATIVITY; HARDNESS; POTENTIALS; PLUTONIUM; ENERGY; CHARGE
AB Nuclear fuels and materials present special problems to atomistic-scale modeling. At a metal-metal-oxide interface, the metal centers are charged on the oxide side, but neutral on the metallic side. The intimate contact necessitates that atomistic models for these materials be both compatible and consistent with one another at some level. A new "fragment'' Hamiltonian (FH) model, at the atomistic level, is presented that reduces qualitatively to existing, successful models for metals, such as the embedded atom method, and ceramics, such as the charge equilibration models. Moreover, the FH model possesses both electron hopping and fundamental gaps that appear as separate terms in a generalized embedding function. The electron hopping contributions come from both one-electron and two-electron sources. These contributions appear as a result of the FH point of view, rather than being postulated. The model obeys certain well-known theoretical limits that come from the nonlinearity of electron hopping processes as the volume of a crystal is changed. The generalized notion of embedding entails two variables instead of one. The ability to account for multiple charge states in the cations leads to the capability within the model to distinguish the qualitative differences among metallic, ionic, and covalent bonding environments. The details of all of these energies, among with fragment-fragment interactions, combine to determine the state of the atom in the material.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Valone, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 9
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 57
EP 66
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1160
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000009
ER
PT S
AU Landa, A
Soderlind, P
Grabowski, B
Turchi, PEA
Ruban, AV
Vitos, L
AF Landa, Alexander
Soederlind, Per
Grabowski, Blazej
Turchi, Patrice E. A.
Ruban, Andrei V.
Vitos, Levente
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Ab Initio Study of Advanced Metallic Nuclear Fuels for Fast Breeder
Reactors
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ACTINIDE ALLOYS; ZR SYSTEM;
PHASE; URANIUM; STABILITY
AB Density-functional formalism is applied to study the ground state properties of gamma-U-Zr and gamma-U-Mo solid solutions. Calculated heats of formation are compared with CALPHAD assessments. We discuss how the heat of formation in both alloys correlates with the charge transfer between the alloy components. The decomposition curves for gamma-based U-Zr and U-Mo solid solutions are derived from Ising-type Monte Carlo simulations. We explore the idea of stabilization of the delta-UZr2 compound against the alpha-Zr (hcp) structure due to increase of Zr d-band occupancy by the addition of U to Zr. We discuss how the specific behavior of the electronic density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level promotes the stabilization of the U2Mo compound. The mechanism of possible Am redistribution in the U-Zr and U-Mo fuels is also discussed.
C1 [Landa, Alexander; Soederlind, Per; Grabowski, Blazej; Turchi, Patrice E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Landa, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, L-045,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RI Grabowski, Blazej/D-8430-2012; Ruban, Andrei/B-7457-2012
OI Grabowski, Blazej/0000-0003-4281-5665;
NR 45
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 8
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 67
EP 78
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.985
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000010
ER
PT S
AU Nelson, AJ
Holliday, KS
Stanford, JA
Grant, WK
Erler, RG
Allen, P
McLean, W
Roussel, P
AF Nelson, A. J.
Holliday, K. S.
Stanford, J. A.
Grant, W. K.
Erler, R. G.
Allen, P.
McLean, W.
Roussel, P.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Adsorption of Atmospheric Gases on Pu Surfaces
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID PHOTOEMISSION; OXIDATION
AB Surface adsorption represents a competition between collision and scattering processes that depend on surface energy, surface structure and temperature. The surface reactivity of the actinides can add additional complexity due to radiological dissociation of the gas and electronic structure. Here we elucidate the chemical bonding of gas molecules adsorbed on Pu metal and oxide surfaces. Atmospheric gas reactions were studied at 190 and 300 K using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Evolution of the Pu 4f and O 1s core-level states were studied as a function of gas dose rates to generate a set of Langmuir isotherms. Results show that the initial gas dose forms Pu2O3 on the Pu metal surface followed by the formation of PuO2 resulting in a layered oxide structure. This work represents the first steps in determining the activation energy for adsorption of various atmospheric gases on Pu.
C1 [Nelson, A. J.; Holliday, K. S.; Stanford, J. A.; Grant, W. K.; Erler, R. G.; Allen, P.; McLean, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 79
EP 83
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.948
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000011
ER
PT S
AU Mulford, RN
Richardson, PD
Hickey, J
Chavarria, R
AF Mulford, Roberta N.
Richardson, Paul D.
Hickey, Joseph
Chavarria, Rene
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Longevity of Plutonium 238 Heat Sources
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID DIFFUSION; URANIUM; HELIUM; OXIDES
AB Plutonium oxide heat sources are used to power space missions. The heat produced by alpha decay of the 238 isotope of Pu is converted to electricity in a thermopile, providing electricity during a substantial fraction of the 88 year half-life of the isotope. Decay of the Pu produces helium and uranium, and a fraction of the evolved helium is captured in the oxide matrix. All of the helium produced in decay can in principle be contained in the oxide lattice, where it occupies the tetrahedral sites. Some helium diffuses out at a rate that is somewhat dependent on the form and morphology of the fuel. Rates have previously been measured for oxide aged about 1 year. Current measurements on sealed heat sources as old as 34 years indicate that the rate of diffusion has changed only slightly over time. Possible mechanisms for helium release include bubble diffusion, point defect migration, agglomeration and movement of He at grain boundaries, and volume diffusion through the lattice sites. We observe primarily diffusion from site to site within the lattice, with an activation energy of 18.7 kcal/mole, independent of point defect movement, despite the rising concentration of helium in the lattice over time and the accumulation of radiation damage within the lattice. Because of the slow diffusion of helium from the fuel to the headspace, heat sources are anticipated to be stable over a long lifetime.
C1 [Mulford, Roberta N.; Richardson, Paul D.; Hickey, Joseph; Chavarria, Rene] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Mulford, RN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 103
EP 108
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1060
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000015
ER
PT S
AU Beaux, MF
Joyce, JJ
Durakiewicz, T
Graham, KS
Bauer, ED
Mitchell, JN
Tobash, PH
Richmond, S
AF Beaux, Miles F., II
Joyce, John J.
Durakiewicz, Tomasz
Graham, Kevin S.
Bauer, Eric D.
Mitchell, Jeremy N.
Tobash, Paul H.
Richmond, Scott
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Electronic Structure, Localization and 5f Occupancy in Pu Materials
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTRA;
STATES
AB The electronic structure of delta plutonium (delta-Pu) and plutonium compounds is investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Results for delta-Pu show a small component of the valence electronic structure which might reasonably be associated with a 5f(6) configuration. PES results for PuTe are used as an indication for the 5f(6) configuration due to the presence of atomic multiplet structure. Temperature dependent PES data on delta-Pu indicate a narrow peak centered 20 meV below the Fermi energy and 100 meV wide. The first PES data for PuCoIn5 indicate a 5f electronic structure more localized than the 5fs in the closely related PuCoGa5. There is support from the PES data for a description of Pu materials with an electronic configuration of 5f(5) with some admixture of 5f(6) as well as a localized/delocalized 5f(5) description.
C1 [Beaux, Miles F., II; Joyce, John J.; Durakiewicz, Tomasz; Graham, Kevin S.; Bauer, Eric D.; Mitchell, Jeremy N.; Tobash, Paul H.; Richmond, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Beaux, MF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010;
OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; Beaux, Miles/0000-0003-2192-626X;
Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 12
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 123
EP 130
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1161
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000017
ER
PT S
AU Manley, ME
Jeffries, JR
Said, AH
Marianetti, CA
Cynn, H
Leu, BM
Wall, M
AF Manley, M. E.
Jeffries, J. R.
Said, A. H.
Marianetti, C. A.
Cynn, H.
Leu, B. M.
Wall, M.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Measurement of the Phonon Density of States of PuO2(+2%Ga)
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GAMMA-CERIUM; PUO2
AB Inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the phonon density of states (DOS) of PuO2(+2%Ga) were made and compared to recent predictions from the literature made using three leading theoretical approaches; Density Functional Theory (DFT), DFT plus the Hubbard U (DFT+U), and Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT). The DFT prediction, which does not account for strong electronic correlations, underestimates the measured energies of most features. The DFT+U and DMFT predictions, which include approximations to strong correlation effects, more accurately reflect the low energy features but exaggerate splitting in the highest energy optic oxygen modes. The exaggeration of the splitting is worse for DFT+U than for DMFT. The transverse acoustic mode shows the least sensitivity to calculation type, and is well reproduced by all three theories. The longitudinal acoustic mode, which is thought to control the thermal conductivity, is more sensitive to calculation type, suggesting an important role for electronic correlations in making application-critical predictions.
C1 [Manley, M. E.; Jeffries, J. R.; Cynn, H.; Wall, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RI Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015
NR 24
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 5
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 141
EP 147
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1061
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000019
ER
PT S
AU Mitchell, JN
Freibert, FJ
Schwartz, DS
AF Mitchell, Jeremy N.
Freibert, Franz J.
Schwartz, Daniel S.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Phase Transitions in Pure Plutonium
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
AB The five solid-solid phase transformations of pure Pu are typically represented in idealized thermal expansion plots as having sharp onsets and finishes with linear expansion behavior between the transitions. These behaviors are in reality less common, and the various transitions may have bursting behavior, curved onsets and finishes, and non-linear thermal expansion. In this presentation we will review the transformation behavior of diverse set of pure Pu types. These types include zone-refined pure Pu, electro-refined pure Pu, pure Pu doped with 1000 appm Ga, and alpha-phase Pu within an as-cast 1.9 atomic. %Ga alloy.
C1 [Mitchell, Jeremy N.; Freibert, Franz J.; Schwartz, Daniel S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Mitchell, JN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RI Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010;
OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; Freibert,
Franz/0000-0003-4434-3446
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 13
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 159
EP 164
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1002
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000021
ER
PT S
AU Das, T
Zhu, JX
Durakiewicz, T
Joyce, JJ
Graf, MJ
AF Das, Tanmoy
Zhu, Jian-Xin
Durakiewicz, Tomasz
Joyce, John J.
Graf, Matthias J.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Materials specific electronic correlation effects and spectral weight
'hot spots' in intermetallic actinides
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID FERMI-SURFACE PROPERTIES; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; UNCONVENTIONAL
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; URANIUM
AB Many metallic actinide systems host partially filled 5f electrons in the low-energy spectrum. Consequently, they exhibit diverse quantum mechanical phenomena such as magnetism, superconductivity, a mysterious hidden-order phase, or heavy-fermion behavior. Here we present results of a unified theoretical method based on the self-consistent GW formalism for the electronic many-body self-energy. We calculate the dynamic electronic correlation spectra starting from materials specific first-principles electronic band-structure. In particular, we present results for four isostructural intermetallic actinides PuCoIn5, PuCoGa5, PuRhGa5, and UCoGa5. A common underlying property of these materials is a strong spin-orbit coupling split band structure that enables substantial spin fluctuations. In a feedback effect on the electronic structure they create electronic 'hot spots', where the single-particle spectral weight is maximum, resulting in a universal peak-dip-hump feature. These results are in good agreement with experiments, suggesting that actinides are adequately described by the intermediate Coulomb interaction regime, where both itinerant (peak) and localized (hump) features coexist.
C1 [Das, Tanmoy; Zhu, Jian-Xin; Durakiewicz, Tomasz; Joyce, John J.; Graf, Matthias J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Das, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 169
EP 176
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.986
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000023
ER
PT S
AU Schwartz, DS
Richmond, S
Smith, AI
Costello, A
Taylor, CD
AF Schwartz, Daniel S.
Richmond, Scott
Smith, Alice I.
Costello, Alison
Taylor, Christopher D.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Hydrogen-Vacancy Effects in Pu-2 at. % Ga Alloys
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
AB Plutonium and Pu-Ga alloys have been observed to have anomalous hydrogen solubility behavior, including a significant concentration dependence of hydrogen diffusivity in the dilute regime, a sharp drop off in the hydrogen solubility constant in the dilute regime, and a near complete absence of change in the Sieverts' constant as the alloys are heated across phase transformation boundaries. We are investigating the possibility that a vacancy mechanism is responsible for this behavior. X-ray diffraction measurements show a 0.14% lattice contraction in Pu-2 at. % Ga alloys when they are charged with similar to 2 at. % hydrogen. The lattice re-expands when the hydrogen is removed. Density functional calculations show that increasing the number of hydrogen atoms associated with a vacant lattice site in Pu lowers the energy of the hydrogen-vacancy complex. These observations support the idea that vacancies are stabilized by hydrogen in the Pu lattice well beyond their thermal equilibrium concentration and could be responsible for the anomalous hydrogen response of Pu.
C1 [Schwartz, Daniel S.; Richmond, Scott; Smith, Alice I.; Costello, Alison; Taylor, Christopher D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Schwartz, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 7
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 10
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 183
EP 188
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1125
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000025
ER
PT S
AU Lucchini, JF
Ballard, S
Khaing, H
AF Lucchini, Jean-Francois
Ballard, Sally
Khaing, Hnin
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Influence of Carbonate on Uranium Solubility in the WIPP
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
AB In the performance assessment (PA) for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), the solubility of uranium (VI) was conservatively set at 10(-3) M for all expected WIPP conditions, including the potential and likely effects of carbonate complexation [1]. Under WIPP-relevant conditions, long-term experiments were performed to establish the uranium (VI) solubility limits in WIPP-simulated brine over a broad range of pC(H+) values [7.5-12.5] and to evaluate the contribution of carbonate complexation and hydrolysis to uranium (VI) speciation. Data obtained in carbonate-free ERDA-6 brine, a simulated WIPP brine, were reported earlier [2]. In the absence of carbonate, uranium solubility approached 10(-7) M at the expected pC(H+) in the WIPP (similar to 9.5). In the presence of a significant amount of carbonate (millimole levels), recent experimental results showed that uranium (VI) concentrations will not exceed 10(-4)M. This measured solubility limit is an order of magnitude lower than the uranium solubility value currently used in the WIPP PA [3]. A small effect of borate complexation was found in the pC(H+) range [7.5-10]. At pC(H+) >= 10, hydrolysis overwhelmed carbonate effects, and no amphoteric effect was observed.
C1 [Lucchini, Jean-Francois] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA.
RP Lucchini, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, 115 N Main, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 217
EP 222
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.1005
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000029
ER
PT S
AU Tobin, JG
Yu, SW
Chung, BW
Waddill, GD
AF Tobin, J. G.
Yu, S. -W.
Chung, B. W.
Waddill, G. D.
BE Anderson, D
Booth, CH
Burns, PC
Caciuffo, R
Devanathan, R
Durakiewicz, T
Stan, M
Tikare, V
Yu, SW
TI Pre-eminence of the Indirect Channel in the Resonant Inverse
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Cerium Oxide
SO ACTINIDES AND NUCLEAR ENERGY MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT MRS Spring Meeting
CY APR 09-13, 2012
CL Sacramento, CA
SP MRS
ID PHOTOEMISSION
AB A strong resonance in the inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES) of cerium oxide was reported recently. Here, it is shown that dominance of the indirect channel of the resonant inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (RIPES) is so complete that the photon energy dependence can be explained in terms of emission associated with a single photon energy.
RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM Tobin1@LLNL.Gov
RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-421-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1444
BP 289
EP 294
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.785
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology
GA BCK09
UT WOS:000310366000038
ER
PT J
AU Cappa, CD
Wilson, KR
AF Cappa, C. D.
Wilson, K. R.
TI Multi-generation gas-phase oxidation, equilibrium partitioning, and the
formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILITY BASIS-SET; RADICAL-INITIATED OXIDATION; VAPOR-PRESSURES; SOA
FORMATION; MEXICO-CITY; HETEROGENEOUS OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS;
EVAPORATION RATES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPLICIT MODEL
AB A new model of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is developed that explicitly takes into account multi-generational oxidation as well as fragmentation of gas-phase compounds, and assumes equilibrium gas-particle partitioning. The model framework requires specification of a limited number of tunable parameters to describe the kinetic evolution of SOA mass, the average oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio and the mean particle volatility as oxidation proceeds. These parameters describe (1) the relationship between oxygen content and volatility, (2) the probability of fragmentation and (3) the amount of oxygen added per reaction. The time-evolution and absolute value of the simulated SOA mass depends sensitively on all tunable parameters. Of the tunable parameters, the mean O: C is most sensitive to the oxygen/volatility relationship, exhibiting only a weak dependence on the other relationships. The model mean particle O: C produced from a given compound is primarily controlled by the number of carbon atoms comprising the SOA precursor, with some sensitivity to the specified oxygen/volatility relationship. The model is tested against laboratory measurements of time-dependent SOA formation from the photooxidation of alpha-pinene and n-pentadecane and performs well (after tuning). The model can also accurately simulate the carbon-number dependence of aerosol yields previously observed for oxidation of straight-chain alkanes. This model may provide a generalized framework for the interpretation of laboratory SOA formation experiments in which explicit consideration of multiple-generations of products is required, which is true for all photo-oxidation experiments.
C1 [Cappa, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Wilson, K. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu
FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-1151062]; Office of Energy
Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of
the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors thank Jesse Kroll (MIT), Kelly Daumit (MIT) and John
Seinfeld (Caltech) for useful discussions, Sally Ng (Georgia Tech) for
the alpha-pinene + OH photooxidation data and the ACPD reviewers and
commentators for their suggestions. CDC was funded by the U.S. National
Science Foundation (ATM-1151062) and KRW by the Director, Office of
Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences
Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 83
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 4
U2 61
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 20
BP 9505
EP 9528
DI 10.5194/acp-12-9505-2012
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 029BS
UT WOS:000310470400007
ER
PT J
AU Gu, Y
Liou, KN
Lee, WL
Leung, LR
AF Gu, Y.
Liou, K. N.
Lee, W. -L.
Leung, L. R.
TI Simulating 3-D radiative transfer effects over the Sierra Nevada
Mountains using WRF
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; CONVECTION;
MESOSCALE; CLOUDS; SYSTEM; SCALE; RANGE
AB A surface solar radiation parameterization based on deviations between 3-D and conventional plane-parallel radiative transfer models has been incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to understand the solar insolation over mountain/snow areas and to investigate the impact of the spatial and temporal distribution and variation of surface solar fluxes on land-surface processes. Using the Sierra-Nevada in the western United States as a testbed, we show that mountain effect could produce up to -50 to +50 W m(-2) deviations in the surface solar fluxes over the mountain areas, resulting in a temperature increase of up to 1 degrees C on the sunny side. Upward surface sensible and latent heat fluxes are modulated accordingly to compensate for the change in surface solar fluxes. Snow water equivalent and surface albedo both show decreases on the sunny side of the mountains, indicating more snowmelt and hence reduced snow albedo associated with more solar insolation due to mountain effect. Soil moisture increases on the sunny side of the mountains due to enhanced snowmelt, while decreases on the shaded side. Substantial differences are found in the morning hours from 8-10 a. m. and in the afternoon around 3-5 p. m., while differences around noon and in the early morning and late afternoon are comparatively smaller. Variation in the surface energy balance can also affect atmospheric processes, such as cloud fields, through the modulation of vertical thermal structure. Negative changes of up to -40 g m(-2) are found in the cloud water path, associated with reductions in the surface insolation over the cloud region. The day-averaged deviations in the surface solar flux are positive over the mountain areas and negative in the valleys, with a range between -12 similar to 12 W m(-2). Changes in sensible and latent heat fluxes and surface skin temperature follow the solar insolation pattern. Differences in the domain-averaged diurnal variation over the Sierras show that the mountain area receives more solar insolation during early morning and late afternoon, resulting in enhanced upward sensible heat and latent heat fluxes from the surface and a corresponding increase in surface skin temperature. During the middle of the day, however, the surface insolation and heat fluxes show negative changes, indicating a cooling effect. Hence overall, the diurnal variations of surface temperature and surface fluxes in the Sierra-Nevada are reduced through the interactions of radiative transfer and mountains. The hourly differences of the surface solar insolation in higher elevated regions, however, show smaller magnitude in negative changes during the middle of the day and possibly more solar fluxes received during the whole day.
C1 [Gu, Y.; Liou, K. N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
[Lee, W. -L.] Acad Sinica, Res Ctr Environm Changes, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
[Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Gu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM gu@atmos.ucla.edu
FU DOE Earth System Modeling program [DESC0006742]; US DOE by Battelle
Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]
FX This research has been supported by DOE Earth System Modeling program
Grant DESC0006742. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial
Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830.
NR 28
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 11
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 20
BP 9965
EP 9976
DI 10.5194/acp-12-9965-2012
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 029BS
UT WOS:000310470400033
ER
PT J
AU Piao, SL
Ito, A
Li, SG
Huang, Y
Ciais, P
Wang, XH
Peng, SS
Nan, HJ
Zhao, C
Ahlstrom, A
Andres, RJ
Chevallier, F
Fang, JY
Hartmann, J
Huntingford, C
Jeong, S
Levis, S
Levy, PE
Li, JS
Lomas, MR
Mao, JF
Mayorga, E
Mohammat, A
Muraoka, H
Peng, CH
Peylin, P
Poulter, B
Shen, ZH
Shi, X
Sitch, S
Tao, S
Tian, HQ
Wu, XP
Xu, M
Yu, GR
Viovy, N
Zaehle, S
Zeng, N
Zhu, B
AF Piao, S. L.
Ito, A.
Li, S. G.
Huang, Y.
Ciais, P.
Wang, X. H.
Peng, S. S.
Nan, H. J.
Zhao, C.
Ahlstrom, A.
Andres, R. J.
Chevallier, F.
Fang, J. Y.
Hartmann, J.
Huntingford, C.
Jeong, S.
Levis, S.
Levy, P. E.
Li, J. S.
Lomas, M. R.
Mao, J. F.
Mayorga, E.
Mohammat, A.
Muraoka, H.
Peng, C. H.
Peylin, P.
Poulter, B.
Shen, Z. H.
Shi, X.
Sitch, S.
Tao, S.
Tian, H. Q.
Wu, X. P.
Xu, M.
Yu, G. R.
Viovy, N.
Zaehle, S.
Zeng, N.
Zhu, B.
TI The carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia over the last
two decades
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROGEN DEPOSITION;
ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRANSPORT MODELS;
LAND-USE; CHINA; SINK
AB This REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes regional study provides a synthesis of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia, a region comprised of China, Japan, North and South Korea, and Mongolia. We estimate the current terrestrial carbon balance of East Asia and its driving mechanisms during 1990-2009 using three different approaches: inventories combined with satellite greenness measurements, terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle models and atmospheric inversion models. The magnitudes of East Asia's terrestrial carbon sink from these three approaches are comparable: -0.293 +/- 0.033 PgC yr(-1) from inventory-remote sensing model-data fusion approach, -0.413 +/- 0.141 PgC yr(-1)(not considering biofuel emissions) or -0.224 +/- 0.141 PgC yr(-1) (considering biofuel emissions) for carbon cycle models, and -0.270 +/- 0.507 PgC yr(-1) for atmospheric inverse models. Here and in the following, the numbers behind +/- signs are standard deviations. The ensemble of ecosystem modeling based analyses further suggests that at the regional scale, climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 together resulted in a carbon sink of -0.289 +/- 0.135 PgC yr(-1), while land-use change and nitrogen deposition had a contribution of -0.013 +/- 0.029 PgC yr(-1) and -0.107 +/- 0.025 PgC yr(-1), respectively. Although the magnitude of climate change effects on the carbon balance varies among different models, all models agree that in response to climate change alone, southern China experienced an increase in carbon storage from 1990 to 2009, while northern East Asia including Mongolia and north China showed a decrease in carbon storage. Overall, our results suggest that about 13-27% of East Asia's CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning have been offset by carbon accumulation in its terrestrial territory over the period from 1990 to 2009. The underlying mechanisms of carbon sink over East Asia still remain largely uncertain, given the diversity and intensity of land management processes, and the regional conjunction of many drivers such as nutrient deposition, climate, atmospheric pollution and CO2 changes, which cannot be considered as independent for their effects on carbon storage.
C1 [Piao, S. L.; Wang, X. H.; Peng, S. S.; Nan, H. J.; Zhao, C.; Fang, J. Y.; Shen, Z. H.; Tao, S.] Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Piao, S. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China.
[Ito, A.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
[Li, S. G.; Xu, M.; Yu, G. R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
[Huang, Y.; Fang, J. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China.
[Ciais, P.; Chevallier, F.; Peylin, P.; Poulter, B.; Viovy, N.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Ahlstrom, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Earth & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
[Andres, R. J.; Mao, J. F.; Shi, X.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hartmann, J.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Biogeochem & Marine Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
[Huntingford, C.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.
[Jeong, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Levis, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Levy, P. E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland.
[Li, J. S.; Wu, X. P.] Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
[Lomas, M. R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England.
[Mayorga, E.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
[Mohammat, A.] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Urumqi 830011, Peoples R China.
[Muraoka, H.] Gifu Univ, River Basin Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan.
[Peng, C. H.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Lab Ecol Forecasting & Global Change, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
[Peng, C. H.] Univ Quebec, Dept Biol Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada.
[Sitch, S.] Univ Exeter, Sch Geog, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
[Tian, H. Q.] Auburn Univ, Ecosyst Dynam & Global Ecol Lab, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
[Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
[Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
[Zhu, B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Piao, SL (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sino French Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM slpiao@pku.edu.cn
RI Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Mao,
Jiafu/B-9689-2012; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; Ahlstrom,
Anders/F-3215-2017; Li, Sheng-Gong/H-5101-2012; Huntingford,
Chris/A-4307-2008; Levy, Peter/K-6523-2012; Zhu, Biao/F-8712-2010;
Hartmann, Jens/A-6306-2008; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Zhu,
Te/G-7453-2013; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; 于, 贵瑞/C-1768-2014; Jeong,
Su-Jong/J-4110-2014; Huang, Yao/O-6832-2014; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Sitch,
Stephen/F-8034-2015; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014
OI ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Chevallier,
Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Zaehle,
Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Ahlstrom, Anders/0000-0003-1642-0037;
Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623; Huntingford,
Chris/0000-0002-5941-7770; Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063; Poulter,
Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; Levy, Peter/0000-0002-8505-1901; Zhu,
Biao/0000-0001-9858-7943; Hartmann, Jens/0000-0003-1878-9321; Tian,
Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; Sitch,
Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561; Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125004, 30970511];
National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950601, 2010CB833501];
Foundation for Sino-EU research cooperation of Ministry of Science and
Technology of China [1003]; CARBONES EU FP7 foundation [242316]; Chinese
Ministry of Environmental Protection [201209031]
FX This study is part of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes
(RECCAP), Global Carbon Project. We thank atmospheric inversion modelers
for providing atmospheric CO2 inversion results. This study
was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant
41125004 and 30970511), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant
No. 2010CB950601 and Grant No. 2010CB833501), Foundation for Sino-EU
research cooperation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China
(1003), CARBONES EU FP7 foundation (242316) and Chinese Ministry of
Environmental Protection Grant (201209031).
NR 118
TC 30
Z9 33
U1 4
U2 95
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 9
BP 3571
EP 3586
DI 10.5194/bg-9-3571-2012
PG 16
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 029CO
UT WOS:000310472600005
ER
PT J
AU Mishra, U
Riley, WJ
AF Mishra, U.
Riley, W. J.
TI Alaskan soil carbon stocks: spatial variability and dependence on
environmental factors
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ORGANIC-CARBON; PERMAFROST CARBON; REGIONAL-SCALE; CLIMATE-CHANGE;
STORAGE; POOLS; WORLD; PREDICTION; REGRESSION; RELEASE
AB The direction and magnitude of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes in response to climate change depend on the spatial and vertical distributions of SOC. We estimated spatially resolved SOC stocks from surface to C horizon, distinguishing active-layer and permafrost-layer stocks, based on geospatial analysis of 472 soil profiles and spatially referenced environmental variables for Alaska. Total Alaska state-wide SOC stock was estimated to be 77 Pg, with 61% in the active-layer, 27% in permafrost, and 12% in non-permafrost soils. Prediction accuracy was highest for the active-layer as demonstrated by highest ratio of performance to deviation (1.5). Large spatial variability was predicted, with whole-profile, active-layer, and permafrost-layer stocks ranging from 1-296 kg C m(-2), 2-166 kg m(-2), and 0-232 kg m(-2), respectively. Temperature and soil wetness were found to be primary controllers of whole-profile, active-layer, and permafrost-layer SOC stocks. Secondary controllers, in order of importance, were found to be land cover type, topographic attributes, and bedrock geology. The observed importance of soil wetness rather than precipitation on SOC stocks implies that the poor representation of high-latitude soil wetness in Earth system models may lead to large uncertainty in predicted SOC stocks under future climate change scenarios. Under strict caveats described in the text and assuming temperature changes from the A1B Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emissions scenario, our geospatial model indicates that the equilibrium average 2100 Alaska active-layer depth could deepen by 11 cm, resulting in a thawing of 13 Pg C currently in permafrost. The equilibrium SOC loss associated with this warming would be highest under continuous permafrost (31%), followed by discontinuous (28%), isolated (24.3%), and sporadic (23.6%) permafrost areas. Our high-resolution mapping of soil carbon stock reveals the potential vulnerability of high-latitude soil carbon and can be used as a basis for future studies of anthropogenic and climatic perturbations.
C1 [Mishra, U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Mishra, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM umishra@anl.gov
RI Mishra, Umakant/H-8128-2013; Riley, William/D-3345-2015
OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304
FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
Climate and Environmental Science Division, of the US Department of
Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This study was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science
Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Berkeley Lab. Thanks to G. Michaelson and M. T.
Jorgenson for providing access to some of the SOC profile data and layer
of permafrost cover, respectively.
NR 49
TC 20
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 41
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 9
BP 3637
EP 3645
DI 10.5194/bg-9-3637-2012
PG 9
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 029CO
UT WOS:000310472600010
ER
PT J
AU Luo, YQ
Randerson, JT
Abramowitz, G
Bacour, C
Blyth, E
Carvalhais, N
Ciais, P
Dalmonech, D
Fisher, JB
Fisher, R
Friedlingstein, P
Hibbard, K
Hoffman, F
Huntzinger, D
Jones, CD
Koven, C
Lawrence, D
Li, DJ
Mahecha, M
Niu, SL
Norby, R
Piao, SL
Qi, X
Peylin, P
Prentice, IC
Riley, W
Reichstein, M
Schwalm, C
Wang, YP
Xia, JY
Zaehle, S
Zhou, XH
AF Luo, Y. Q.
Randerson, J. T.
Abramowitz, G.
Bacour, C.
Blyth, E.
Carvalhais, N.
Ciais, P.
Dalmonech, D.
Fisher, J. B.
Fisher, R.
Friedlingstein, P.
Hibbard, K.
Hoffman, F.
Huntzinger, D.
Jones, C. D.
Koven, C.
Lawrence, D.
Li, D. J.
Mahecha, M.
Niu, S. L.
Norby, R.
Piao, S. L.
Qi, X.
Peylin, P.
Prentice, I. C.
Riley, W.
Reichstein, M.
Schwalm, C.
Wang, Y. P.
Xia, J. Y.
Zaehle, S.
Zhou, X. H.
TI A framework for benchmarking land models
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACK; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS;
NITROGEN DEPOSITION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ALGORITHM;
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; TROPICAL
FORESTS
AB Land models, which have been developed by the modeling community in the past few decades to predict future states of ecosystems and climate, have to be critically evaluated for their performance skills of simulating ecosystem responses and feedback to climate change. Benchmarking is an emerging procedure to measure performance of models against a set of defined standards. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework for evaluation of land model performances and, meanwhile, highlights major challenges at this infant stage of benchmark analysis. The framework includes (1) targeted aspects of model performance to be evaluated, (2) a set of benchmarks as defined references to test model performance, (3) metrics to measure and compare performance skills among models so as to identify model strengths and deficiencies, and (4) model improvement. Land models are required to simulate exchange of water, energy, carbon and sometimes other trace gases between the atmosphere and land surface, and should be evaluated for their simulations of biophysical processes, biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics in response to climate change across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, one major challenge is to select and define a limited number of benchmarks to effectively evaluate land model performance. The second challenge is to develop metrics of measuring mismatches between models and benchmarks. The metrics may include (1) a priori thresholds of acceptable model performance and (2) a scoring system to combine data-model mismatches for various processes at different temporal and spatial scales. The benchmark analyses should identify clues of weak model performance to guide future development, thus enabling improved predictions of future states of ecosystems and climate. The near-future research effort should be on development of a set of widely acceptable benchmarks that can be used to objectively, effectively, and reliably evaluate fundamental properties of land models to improve their prediction performance skills.
C1 [Luo, Y. Q.; Li, D. J.; Niu, S. L.; Qi, X.; Xia, J. Y.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Randerson, J. T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
[Abramowitz, G.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Bacour, C.] Joint Unit CEA CNRS, Lab Climate Sci & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Blyth, E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England.
[Carvalhais, N.; Dalmonech, D.; Mahecha, M.; Reichstein, M.; Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany.
[Carvalhais, N.] Univ Nova Lisboa, DCEA, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal.
[Ciais, P.; Peylin, P.] CE Orme Merisiers, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
[Fisher, J. B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
[Fisher, R.; Lawrence, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
[Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
[Hibbard, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Hoffman, F.; Norby, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Huntzinger, D.; Schwalm, C.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
[Jones, C. D.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England.
[Koven, C.; Riley, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Prentice, I. C.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
[Wang, Y. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res PMB 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
[Wang, Y. P.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia.
[Zhou, X. H.] Fudan Univ, Res Inst Changing Global Environm, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China.
RP Luo, YQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
EM yluo@ou.edu
RI Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; Zaehle,
Sonke/C-9528-2017; Xia, Jianyang/A-7886-2008; Mahecha,
Miguel/F-2443-2010; Abramowitz, Gab/C-4977-2013; Lawrence,
David/C-4026-2011; wang, yp/A-9765-2011; Fisher, Rosie/E-7746-2013;
Blyth, Eleanor/A-4010-2009; Zhou, Xuhui/H-4332-2011; Riley,
William/D-3345-2015; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Koven,
Charles/N-8888-2014; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Reichstein,
Markus/A-7494-2011; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012
OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956;
Carvalhais, Nuno/0000-0003-0465-1436; Fisher,
Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085; Mahecha, Miguel/0000-0003-3031-613X;
Abramowitz, Gab/0000-0002-4205-001X; Lawrence,
David/0000-0002-2968-3023; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Koven,
Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Reichstein, Markus/0000-0001-5736-1112;
Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828
FU NASA's Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Program; US Dept. of Energy's Office
of Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy,
Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences [DE SC0008270]; US National Science
Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0444518, DEB 0743778, DEB 0840964, DBI 0850290,
EPS 0919466]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; UK
DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101];
European Community [238366]
FX ILAMB is sponsored by the Analysis, Integration and Modeling of the
Earth System (AIMES) project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere
Programme (IGBP). The ILAMB project has received support from NASA's
Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Program and US Dept. of Energy's Office of
Biological and Environmental Research. Preparation of the manuscript by
Y. L. was financially supported by US Department of Energy, Terrestrial
Ecosystem Sciences grant DE SC0008270 and US National Science Foundation
(NSF) grant DEB 0444518, DEB 0743778, DEB 0840964, DBI 0850290, and EPS
0919466. Contributions from JBF were by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration. CDJ was supported by the Joint UK
DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). S. Z.
and D. D. were supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework
Programme under grant agreement no. 238366 (Greencycles II).
NR 127
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 6
U2 138
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 10
BP 3857
EP 3874
DI 10.5194/bg-9-3857-2012
PG 18
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 029CG
UT WOS:000310471800010
ER
PT J
AU Angert, A
Muhr, J
Juarez, RN
Munoz, WA
Kraemer, G
Santillan, JR
Chambers, JQ
Trumbore, SE
AF Angert, A.
Muhr, J.
Juarez, R. Negron
Alegria Munoz, W.
Kraemer, G.
Ramirez Santillan, J.
Chambers, J. Q.
Trumbore, S. E.
TI The contribution of respiration in tree stems to the Dole Effect
SO BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGEN ISOTOPES; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC
O-2; FRACTIONATION; CARBON; CO2; DIFFUSION; CLIMATE; O-18
AB Understanding the variability and the current value of the Dole Effect, which has been used to infer past changes in biospheric productivity, requires accurate information on the isotopic discrimination associated with respiratory oxygen consumption in each of the biosphere components. Respiration in tree stems is an important component of the land carbon cycle. Here we measured, for the first time, the discrimination associated with tree stem oxygen uptake. The measurements included tropical forest trees, which are major contributors to the global fluxes of carbon and oxygen. We found discrimination in the range of 12.6-21.5 parts per thousand, indicating both diffusion limitation, resulting in O-2 discrimination values below 20 parts per thousand, and alternative oxidase respiration, which resulted in discrimination values greater than 20 parts per thousand. Discrimination varied seasonally, between and within tree species. Calculations based on these results show that variability in woody plants discrimination can result in significant variations in the global Dole Effect.
C1 [Angert, A.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
[Muhr, J.; Trumbore, S. E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Dept Biogeochem Proc, Jena, Germany.
[Juarez, R. Negron] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
[Alegria Munoz, W.; Kraemer, G.; Ramirez Santillan, J.] Univ Nacl Amazonia Peruana, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Iquitos, Peru.
[Chambers, J. Q.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Angert, A (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
EM angert@huji.ac.il
RI Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013; Chambers, Jeffrey/J-9021-2014;
Negron-Juarez, Robinson/I-6289-2016
OI Chambers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3983-7847;
FU ISF [870/08]
FX We thank Eugeni Barkan and Eyal Wurgaft for help with the O2
analysis. A. A. was partly supported by ISF grant #870/08.
NR 34
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 23
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1726-4170
J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES
JI Biogeosciences
PY 2012
VL 9
IS 10
BP 4037
EP 4044
DI 10.5194/bg-9-4037-2012
PG 8
WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 029CG
UT WOS:000310471800023
ER
PT J
AU Lebarbier, VM
Dagle, RA
Kovarik, L
Adarme, JAL
King, DL
Palo, DR
AF Lebarbier, Vanessa M.
Dagle, Robert A.
Kovarik, Libor
Adarme, Jair A. Lizarazo
King, David L.
Palo, Daniel R.
TI Synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether from syngas over Pd/ZnO/Al2O3
catalysts
SO CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GAS CONVERSION; SOLID-ACID; DME; DEHYDRATION; PALLADIUM; FUEL
AB A Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was developed for the synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas with temperatures of operation ranging from 250 degrees C to 380 degrees C. High temperatures (e. g. 380 degrees C) are of interest when combining methanol and DME synthesis with a methanol to gasoline (MTG) process in a single reactor bed. A commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst, utilized industrially for the synthesis of methanol at 220-280 degrees C, suffers from a rapid deactivation when the reaction is conducted at high temperature (> 320 degrees C). On the contrary, a Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was found to be highly stable for methanol and DME synthesis at 375 degrees C. The Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was thus further investigated for methanol and DME synthesis at P = 34-69 bar, T = 250-380 degrees C, GHSV = 5000-18 000 h(-1), and molar feeds H-2/CO = 1, 2, and 3. Selectivity to DME increased with decreasing operating temperature, and increasing operating pressure. Higher space velocity and H-2/CO syngas feed ratios also enhanced DME selectivity. Undesirable CH4 formation was observed, however, it could be lessen through choice of process conditions and by catalyst design. By studying the effect of the Pd loading and the Pd : Zn molar ratio the formulation of the Pd/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst was optimized. A catalyst with 5% Pd and a Pd : Zn molar ratio of 0.25:1 has been identified as the preferred catalyst. Results indicate that PdZn particles are more active than Pd degrees particles for the synthesis of methanol and less active for CH4 formation. A correlation between DME selectivity and concentration of acid sites has been established. Hence, two types of sites are required for the direct conversion of syngas to DME: (1) PdZn particles are active for the synthesis of methanol from syngas, and (2) acid sites which are active for the conversion of methanol to DME. Additionally, CO2 formation was problematic as PdZn was found to be active for the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction, under all the conditions evaluated.
C1 [Lebarbier, Vanessa M.; Dagle, Robert A.; Kovarik, Libor; King, David L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Adarme, Jair A. Lizarazo; Palo, Daniel R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microprod Breakthrough Inst, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA.
RP Lebarbier, VM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM vanessa.lebarbier@pnnl.gov; robert.dagle@pnnl.gov
RI Kovarik, Libor/L-7139-2016
FU Energy Conversion Initiative; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
(PNNL); National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC); Department of
Energy's Office of Biomass Program; DOE; [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support for this work
provided by the Energy Conversion Initiative, funded internally by the
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). This work was also
supported by the National Advanced Biofuels Consortium (NABC) which is
funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Biomass Program with
recovery act funds. PNNL funding was provided under contract
DE-AC05-76RL01830. Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge that a
portion of this work was done in the Environmental Molecular Sciences
Laboratory (EMSL), a DOE sponsored user facility located at PNNL in
Richland, WA.
NR 27
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 7
U2 79
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2044-4753
J9 CATAL SCI TECHNOL
JI Catal. Sci. Technol.
PY 2012
VL 2
IS 10
BP 2116
EP 2127
DI 10.1039/c2cy20315d
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 004BG
UT WOS:000308654500015
ER
PT S
AU Butcher, J
Hamade, M
Petryk, M
Bolotnikov, AE
Camarda, GS
Cui, Y
Gul, R
Hossain, A
Kim, KH
Yang, G
James, RB
AF Butcher, J.
Hamade, M.
Petryk, M.
Bolotnikov, A. E.
Camarda, G. S.
Cui, Y.
Gul, R.
Hossain, A.
Kim, K. H.
Yang, G.
James, R. B.
BE Fountain, AW
TI Characterization of CdZnTe crystals and radiation detectors
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING XIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII
CY APR 24-27, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE CdZnTe detectors; crystal defects; synchrotron light source
AB Data obtained with BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) has helped to elucidate, in detail, the roles of non-uniformity and extended defects on the performance of CZT detectors, as well as the root cause of device polarization during exposure to a high flux of incident X-rays. Measurements of carrier traps will be reported, including their nature and relationships to different growth methods (conventional Bridgman, high-pressure Bridgman, traveling heater, and floating zone methods). Most findings will be correlated with the performance of spectrometer-grade CZT X-ray and gamma detectors, and new directions to resolve the material deficiencies will be offered.
C1 [Butcher, J.; Hamade, M.; Petryk, M.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Gul, R.; Hossain, A.; Kim, K. H.; Yang, G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Butcher, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9036-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8358
AR 83581M
DI 10.1117/12.916951
PG 8
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BBY46
UT WOS:000308737700047
ER
PT S
AU Chien, HT
Wang, K
Sheen, SH
Raptis, ACP
AF Chien, Hual-Te
Wang, Ke
Sheen, Shuh-Haw
Raptis, A. C. Paul
BE Fountain, AW
TI Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) System for Remote Detection of
Explosives, Chemicals and Special Nuclear Materials
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING XIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII
CY APR 24-27, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Photoacoustic Spectroscopy; PAS; Remote Detection; Explosives; Acoustic
Resonator; Radiation Detection
ID GASES
AB This paper describes a practical photoacoustic spectroscopy technique applied to remote sensing of chemicals in an open environment. A laboratory system that consists of a high-power CO2 laser and an open-field acoustic resonator is described. The acoustic resonator is a combination of a parabolic reflector and a narrow-band cylindrical acoustic resonator that resonates at the laser modulation frequency. The performance of the resonator is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. Significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio has been achieved. Detection of gas-phase photoacoustic signals was demonstrated at a remote distance of several meters from the target. Potential applications to the detection of condensed-phase chemicals are discussed; the detection of the photoacoustic spectrum of trinitrotoluene (TNT) in an open environment is presented.
C1 [Chien, Hual-Te; Wang, Ke; Sheen, Shuh-Haw; Raptis, A. C. Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Chien, HT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM htchien@anl.gov
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9036-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8358
AR 83581K
DI 10.1117/12.919351
PG 9
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BBY46
UT WOS:000308737700045
ER
PT S
AU Phillips, MC
Suter, JD
Bernacki, BE
Johnson, TJ
AF Phillips, Mark C.
Suter, Jonathan D.
Bernacki, Bruce E.
Johnson, Timothy J.
BE Fountain, AW
TI Challenges of infrared reflective spectroscopy of solid-phase explosives
and chemicals on surfaces
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING XIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII
CY APR 24-27, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Infrared spectroscopy; quantum cascade laser; tunable laser; explosives
detection; complex refractive index
ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; STANDOFF DETECTION; RDX; HMX
AB Reliable active and passive hyperspectral imaging and detection of explosives and solid-phase chemical residue on surfaces remains a challenge and an active area of research. Both methods rely on reference libraries for material identification, but in many cases the reference spectra are either not available or do not sufficiently resemble the instrumental signals of light reflected, scattered, or emitted from real-world objects. We describe a physics-based model using the complex dielectric constant to explain what is often thought of as anomalous behavior of scattered or non-specular signatures encountered in active and passive sensing of explosives or chemicals on surfaces and show modeling and experimental results for RDX.
C1 [Phillips, Mark C.; Suter, Jonathan D.; Bernacki, Bruce E.; Johnson, Timothy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
OI Suter, Jonathan/0000-0001-5709-6988
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 7
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9036-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8358
AR 83580T
DI 10.1117/12.919477
PG 10
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BBY46
UT WOS:000308737700024
ER
PT S
AU Satcher, JH
Maienschein, JL
Pagoria, PF
Racoveanu, A
Carman, ML
Whipple, RE
Reynolds, JG
AF Satcher, Joe H.
Maienschein, Jon L.
Pagoria, Philip F.
Racoveanu, Ana
Carman, M. Leslie
Whipple, Richard E.
Reynolds, John G.
BE Fountain, AW
TI Portable Thin Layer Chromatography for Field Detection of Explosives and
Propellants
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING XIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII
CY APR 24-27, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Explosive detection; propellant detection; Thin Layer Chromatography;
field detection
AB A field deployable detection kit for explosives and propellants using thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The chemistry of the kit has been modified to allow for field detection of propellants (through propellant stabilizers), military explosives, peroxide explosives, nitrates and inorganic oxidizer precursors. For many of these target analytes, the detection limit is in the mu g to pg range. A new miniaturized, bench prototype, field portable TLC (Micro TLC) kit has also been developed for the detection and identification of common military explosives. It has been demonstrated in a laboratory environment and is ready for field-testing. The kit is comprised of a low cost set of commercially available components specifically assembled for rapid identification needed in the field and identifies the common military explosives: HMX, RDX, Tetryl, Explosive D or picric acid, and TNT all on one plate. Additional modifications of the Micro TLC system have been made with fluorescent organosilicon co-polymer coatings to detect a large suite of explosives.
C1 [Satcher, Joe H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Satcher, JH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 11
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9036-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8358
AR 83580Z
DI 10.1117/12.919258
PG 10
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BBY46
UT WOS:000308737700028
ER
PT S
AU Shao, Q
Radev, RP
Conway, AM
Voss, LF
Wang, TF
Nikolic, RJ
Deo, N
Cheung, CL
AF Shao, Q.
Radev, R. P.
Conway, A. M.
Voss, L. F.
Wang, T. F.
Nikolic, R. J.
Deo, N.
Cheung, C. L.
BE Fountain, AW
TI Gamma Discrimination in Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detectors
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING XIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII
CY APR 24-27, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE neutron detector; gamma discrimination; pillar; boron; Monte Carlo
simulation; COMSOL simulation
ID EFFICIENCY
AB Solid-state thermal neutron detectors are desired to replace He-3 tube based technology for the detection of special nuclear materials. He-3 tubes have some issues with stability, sensitivity to microphonics and very recently, a shortage of He-3. There are numerous solid-state approaches being investigated that utilize various architectures and material combinations. By using the combination of high-aspect-ratio silicon PIN pillars, which are 2 mu m wide with a 2 mu m separation, arranged in a square matrix, and surrounded by B-10, the neutron converter material, a high efficiency thermal neutron detector is possible. Besides intrinsic neutron detection efficiency, neutron to gamma discrimination is an important figure of merit for unambiguous signal identification. In this work, theoretical calculations and experimental measurements are conducted to determine the effect of structure design of pillar structured thermal neutron detectors including: intrinsic layer thickness, pillar height, substrate doping and incident gamma energy on neutron to gamma discrimination.
C1 [Shao, Q.; Radev, R. P.; Conway, A. M.; Voss, L. F.; Wang, T. F.; Nikolic, R. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Shao, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM nikolic1@llnl.gov
RI Shao, Qinghui/A-1756-2013; Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 16
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9036-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8358
AR 83581N
DI 10.1117/12.918513
PG 9
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BBY46
UT WOS:000308737700048
ER
PT S
AU Sweet, LE
Buck, EC
Henager, CH
Hu, SY
Meier, DE
Peper, SM
Schwantes, JM
Su, YF
Sams, RL
Blake, TA
Johnson, TJ
Kulp, TJ
Sommers, RL
Sugar, JD
Chames, JD
AF Sweet, Lucas E.
Buck, Edgar C.
Henager, Charles H., Jr.
Hu, Shenyang
Meier, David E.
Peper, Shane M.
Schwantes, Jon M.
Su, Yin-Fong
Sams, Robert L.
Blake, Thomas A.
Johnson, Timothy J.
Kulp, Thomas J.
Sommers, Ricky L.
Sugar, Joshua D.
Chames, Jeffrey D.
BE Fountain, AW
TI Investigations into the Polymorphs and Hydration Products of UO3
SO CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL, NUCLEAR, AND EXPLOSIVES (CBRNE)
SENSING XIII
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and
Explosives (CBRNE) Sensing XIII
CY APR 24-27, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE UO3; uranium trioxide; polymorphs; Raman spectroscopy
ID URANIUM TRIOXIDE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SCHOEPITE; CARBONATE; PEROXIDE;
SYSTEM
AB This work focuses on progress in gaining a better understanding of the polymorphic nature of the UO3 and UO3-water system; one of several important materials associated with the nuclear fuel cycle. The UO3-water system is complex and has not been fully characterized, even though these species are common throughout the fuel cycle. For example, most production schemes for UO3 result in a mixture of up to six different polymorphic phases, and small differences in these conditions will affect phase genesis that ultimately results in measureable changes to the end product. Here we summarize our efforts to better characterize the UO3-water system with optical techniques for the purpose of developing some predictive capability of estimating process history and utility, e. g. for polymorphic phases of unknown origin. Specifically, we have investigated three industrially relevant production pathways of UO3 and discovered a previously unknown low temperature route to beta-UO3. Powder x-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopies were utilized in our characterization of the UO3-water system. Pure phases of UO3, its hydrolysis products and starting materials were used to establish optical spectroscopic signatures for these compounds. Preliminary aging studies were conducted on the alpha- and gamma-phases of UO3.
C1 [Sweet, Lucas E.; Buck, Edgar C.; Henager, Charles H., Jr.; Hu, Shenyang; Meier, David E.; Peper, Shane M.; Schwantes, Jon M.; Su, Yin-Fong; Sams, Robert L.; Blake, Thomas A.; Johnson, Timothy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Sweet, LE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM timothy.johnson@pnnl.gov
RI Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013;
OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084; Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803; HU,
Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 12
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9036-0
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8358
AR 83581R
DI 10.1117/12.919706
PG 7
WC Remote Sensing; Optics
SC Remote Sensing; Optics
GA BBY46
UT WOS:000308737700051
ER
PT J
AU Han, JT
Zhu, JL
Li, YT
Yu, XH
Wang, SM
Wu, G
Xie, H
Vogel, SC
Izumi, F
Momma, K
Kawamura, Y
Huang, Y
Goodenough, JB
Zhao, YS
AF Han, Jiantao
Zhu, Jinlong
Li, Yutao
Yu, Xiaohui
Wang, Shanmin
Wu, Gang
Xie, Hui
Vogel, Sven C.
Izumi, Fujio
Momma, Koichi
Kawamura, Yukihiko
Huang, Yunhui
Goodenough, John B.
Zhao, Yusheng
TI Experimental visualization of lithium conduction pathways in garnet-type
Li7La3Zr2O12
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID ION CONDUCTION; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; EXCHANGE; PHOSPHATES; TRANSITION
AB The evolution of the Li-ion displacements in the 3D interstitial pathways of the cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12, cubic Li7La3Zr2O12, was investigated with high-temperature neutron diffraction (HTND) from RT to 600 degrees C; the maximum-entropy method (MEM) was applied to estimate the Li nuclear-density distribution. Temperature-driven Li displacements were observed; the displacements indicate that the conduction pathways in the garnet framework are restricted to diffusion through the tetrahedral sites of the interstitial space.
C1 [Han, Jiantao; Zhu, Jinlong; Yu, Xiaohui; Wang, Shanmin; Wu, Gang; Vogel, Sven C.; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Li, Yutao; Xie, Hui; Goodenough, John B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Izumi, Fujio] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Quantum Beam Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan.
[Momma, Koichi] Natl Museum Nat & Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050005, Japan.
[Kawamura, Yukihiko] Res Ctr Neutron Sci & Technol, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan.
[Huang, Yunhui] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
RP Han, JT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jthan0509@gmail.com; sven@lanl.gov; yusheng.zhao@unlv.edu
RI Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010; han, jiantao/F-8021-2010; Lujan Center,
LANL/G-4896-2012; Momma, Koichi/F-1090-2016;
OI Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208; han, jiantao/0000-0002-9509-3785; Vogel,
Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361; Goodenough, John
Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034
FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; BATT Program [6805919.TA]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge: Office of Vehicle Technologies of
the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and
the BATT Program subcontract no. 6805919.TA.
NR 25
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 10
U2 138
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 79
BP 9840
EP 9842
DI 10.1039/c2cc35089k
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 002TX
UT WOS:000308560000010
PM 22936071
ER
PT J
AU Ma, GC
Binder, A
Chi, MF
Liu, C
Jin, RC
Jiang, DE
Fan, J
Dai, S
AF Ma, Guicen
Binder, Andrew
Chi, Miaofang
Liu, Chao
Jin, Rongchao
Jiang, De-en
Fan, Jie
Dai, Sheng
TI Stabilizing gold clusters by heterostructured transition-metal
oxide-mesoporous silica supports for enhanced catalytic activities for
CO oxidation
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID AU; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCATALYSTS; PRECURSOR; TIO2
AB A strategy for stabilizing ultrasmall gold clusters under thermal treatment has been developed. The essence of this methodology lies in construction of heterostructured transition-metal oxide-mesoporous silica supports. The supported clusters have been demonstrated to be sintering resistant and highly active for catalytic CO oxidation.
C1 [Ma, Guicen; Fan, Jie] Zhejiang Univ, Key Lab Appl Chem Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Ma, Guicen; Jiang, De-en; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Binder, Andrew; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA.
[Chi, Miaofang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Liu, Chao; Jin, Rongchao] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Fan, J (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Key Lab Appl Chem Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
EM jfan@zju.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov
RI Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Fan, Jie/B-3740-2008; Chi,
Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015;
OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Fan, Jie/0000-0002-8380-6338; Chi,
Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Binder,
Andrew/0000-0003-3221-2887
FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of
Basic Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science
Foundation of China [20873122]
FX This research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Science, U.S.
Department of Energy. A portion of this work (GM, JF) was supported by
the National Science Foundation of China 20873122. TEM was performed at
ShaRE Program at ORNL.
NR 29
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 8
U2 123
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 93
BP 11413
EP 11415
DI 10.1039/c2cc35787a
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 027RN
UT WOS:000310371000009
PM 23082318
ER
PT B
AU Doran, R
Pennypacker, C
Ferlet, R
AF Doran, Rosa
Pennypacker, Carl
Ferlet, Roger
BE Jensen, JB
Manning, JG
Gibbs, MG
Daon, D
TI The Galileo Teacher Training Program Global Efforts
SO CONNECTING PEOPLE TO SCIENCE: A NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE EDUCATION
AND PUBLIC OUTREACH
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 123rd Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific
CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2011
CL Amer Geophys Union, Baltimore, MD
SP Space Telescope Sci Inst, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASAs Explorat Program, Infrared Process & Anal Ctr, NASAs Herschel Sci Ctr, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, NASAs Chandra XRay Observ, Univ Chicago Press, Natl Radio Astron Observ, Ball Aerospace, Capitol Coll, Sky Skan, Univ Wyoming CAPER Team, Amer Astron Soc, AAS Educ Off, Solar Dynam Observ, Seiler Instrument, Explore Sci, Pratt St Ale House, MWT Assoc Inc, Amer Elements, Charlesbridge, Celestron
HO Amer Geophys Union
AB The Galileo Teacher Training Program (GTTP) successfully named representatives in nearly 100 nations in 2009, the International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009). The challenge had just begun. The steps ahead are how to reach educators that might benefit from our program and how to help build a more fair and science literate society, a society in which good tools and resources for science education are not the privilege of a few. From 2010 on our efforts have been to strengthen the newly formed network and learn how to equally help educators and students around the globe. New partnerships with other strong programs and institutions are being formed, sponsorship schemes being outlined, new tools and resources being publicized, and on-site and video conference training conducted all over the world. Efforts to officially accredit a GTTP curriculum are on the march and a stronger certification process being outlined. New science topics are being integrated in our effort and we now seek to discuss the path ahead with experts in this field and the community of users, opening the network to all corners of our beautiful blue dot. The main aim of this article is to open the discussion regarding the urgent issue of how to reawaken student interest in science, how to solve the gender inequality in science careers, and how to reach the underprivileged students and open to them the same possibilities. Efforts are in strengthening the newly formed network and learning how to equally help educators and students around the globe.
C1 [Doran, Rosa] Nucleo Interact Astron, NUCLIO, Largo Topazios 48,3 Fte, P-2785817 Sao Domingos De Rana, Portugal.
[Pennypacker, Carl] Hands Universe Div Phys, SSL, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ferlet, Roger] CNRS, UPMC, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France.
RP Doran, R (reprint author), Nucleo Interact Astron, NUCLIO, Largo Topazios 48,3 Fte, P-2785817 Sao Domingos De Rana, Portugal.
EM geral@nuclio.pt
FU Global Hands-on Universe Association
FX The Galileo Teacher Training Program is now supported by Global Hands-on
Universe Association . The innovative resources and tools, the training
network methodology were created in resemblance of the process initiated
by the European Hands-on Universe (a European Commission funded
project).
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-796-4
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 457
BP 155
EP +
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BCC39
UT WOS:000309700200029
ER
PT J
AU Jana, B
Hovey, M
Ellern, A
Pestovsky, O
Sadow, AD
Bakac, A
AF Jana, Barun
Hovey, Megan
Ellern, Arkady
Pestovsky, Oleg
Sadow, Aaron D.
Bakac, Andreja
TI Unusual structural motif in a zwitterionic Fe(II) complex of a
tetradentate phosphine
SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID LINEAR TETRAPHOSPHINE; PLATINUM COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; LIGAND
SYSTEM; P-31 NMR; MESO; DIASTEREOMERS; MONONUCLEAR; ACTIVATION; SPIN
AB The reaction of meso-DPPEPM (DPPEPM = bis(diphenylphosphino-ethylphenylphosphino)methane) with one equivalent of FeBr2 in tetrahydrofuran generates a zwitterionic compound [FeBr(kappa(2)-DPPEPM)(kappa(3)-DPPEPM-FeBr3)] (1). Compound 1 exhibits an unusual bonding arrangement with two meso-DPPEPM ligands and one bromide coordinated to a single Fe(II) center. One of the DPPEPM ligands binds to iron in a kappa(2) mode via two central phosphorus atoms, leaving the terminal phosphines dangling. The second DPPEPM binds through three phosphines, whereas the fourth one coordinates to the iron center of an external FeBr3- unit. A 1 : 2 reaction of FeBr2 and meso-DPPEPM in tetrahydrofuran generates [FeBr(kappa(2)-DPPEPM)(kappa(3)-DPPEPM)]Br ([2]Br) in which the positive charge on the pseudo-octahedral unit is balanced by free Br- as opposed to the phosphine-bound FeBr3- in 1. The compound [2]PF6 was obtained from [2]Br and TlPF6. Solution structures for 1, [2]Br and [2]PF6 were assigned on the basis of P-31 NMR. For all three compounds the data are consistent with five phosphorus atoms bound to the metal.
C1 [Jana, Barun; Hovey, Megan; Pestovsky, Oleg; Sadow, Aaron D.; Bakac, Andreja] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Jana, Barun; Hovey, Megan; Ellern, Arkady; Sadow, Aaron D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Pestovsky, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM pvp@ameslab.gov; sadow@iastate.edu; bakac@ameslab.gov
FU Iowa Energy Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences;
Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists through the
Summer Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program through the Ames
Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX This research was supported by a grant from the Iowa Energy Center (B.
J., A. S., A. B.) and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
Biosciences (O. P.) and Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and
Scientists through the Summer Undergraduate Laboratory Internship
Program (M. H.) through the Ames Laboratory. The Ames Laboratory is
operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University
under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. The work was carried out in the
facilities of the Ames Laboratory and the Chemistry Department at Iowa
State University.
NR 13
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 10
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1477-9226
J9 DALTON T
JI Dalton Trans.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 41
BP 12781
EP 12785
DI 10.1039/c2dt31437a
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 016UN
UT WOS:000309545100019
PM 22968166
ER
PT J
AU Langley, SK
Helliwell, M
Teat, SJ
Winpenny, REP
AF Langley, Stuart K.
Helliwell, Madeleine
Teat, Simon J.
Winpenny, Richard E. P.
TI Synthesis and characterisation of cobalt(II) phosphonate cage complexes
utilizing carboxylates and pyridonates as co-ligands
SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; CLUSTERS; RELAXATION
AB The synthesis and structures of fifteen new cobalt complexes containing phosphonate ligands are reported. The compounds also utilize carboxylates and 6-chloro-2-pyridonate (chp) as co-ligands. The majority of the compounds are decametallic: [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)(O2CPh)(4)(H2O)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(4)(H2O)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)((O2CPhBu)-Bu-t)(4)(H2O)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2) (H2O)(2)(EtOAc)(2)], [Co-10(chp)(8)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(2)](HNEt3)(2), [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(8)(F)(2)(H2O)(2)(MeCOMe)(2)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PMe)(2) ((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O3PEt)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(6)(O(3)POct)(2)(O2CPh)(8)(F)(2)(MeCN)(4)], [Co-10(chp)(8)(Hchp)(2)(O(3)PCH(2)Nap) (O2CPh)(7)(OH)(3)(H2O)], [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PPh)(2)(O2CPh-2-Ph)(4)(H2O)(4)] and [Co-10(chp)(12)(O3PMe)(2)(O2CPh2Ph)(4)(H2O)(4)]. Two nine-metal cages and one hexametallic cage are also reported: [Co-9(chp)(9)((O3PBu)-Bu-t)((O2CBu)-Bu-t)(6)(OH)], [Co-9(chp)(7)(O3PCH2Ph)(2)(O3PCH2Ph)(O2CCPh3)(5)(OH)(H2O)(2)(MeCN)] and [Co-6(chp)(6)(Hchp)(2)((O3PBu)-Bu-t)(O2CPh-2-Ph)(3)(F)(H2O)](HNEt3)(Cl). Magnetic studies show predominantly anti-ferromagnetic exchange interactions between the cobalt(II) sites, with diamagnetic ground states for most of the compounds studied.
C1 [Langley, Stuart K.; Helliwell, Madeleine; Winpenny, Richard E. P.] Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Winpenny, Richard E. P.] Univ Manchester, Photon Sci Inst, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Winpenny, REP (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
EM richard.winpenny@man.ac.uk
RI Langley, Stuart/G-4973-2011
OI Langley, Stuart/0000-0002-2241-1551
FU EPSRC(UK); EC-TMR "QueMolNa"
FX We thank the EPSRC(UK) for funding for a studentship (SL). We are also
grateful to the EC-TMR "QueMolNa" for support. We also thank Prof Robera
Sessoli for help in recording some of the magnetic data.
NR 44
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 22
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1477-9226
J9 DALTON T
JI Dalton Trans.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 41
BP 12807
EP 12817
DI 10.1039/c2dt31612a
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 016UN
UT WOS:000309545100023
PM 22976079
ER
PT J
AU Saparov, B
Parker, DS
Sefat, AS
AF Saparov, Bayrammurad
Parker, David S.
Sefat, Athena S.
TI Crystal and electronic structures of metallic Ba2Pd5Ge4
SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERATOMIC DISTANCES; RADII; NI; CU; PD
AB Crystals of a new intermetallic germanide Ba2Pd5Ge4 have been grown out of a binary PdGe flux. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the compound crystallizes in a novel structure type in the Cmca space group, with a = 10.9296(9) angstrom, b = 14.1639(12) angstrom, and c = 5.8808(5) angstrom at 173(2) K. This structure type features a three-dimensional [Pd5Ge4] network made of distorted tetrahedral and square planar PdGe4 units, with Ba atoms filling the voids. The magnetic susceptibility and the electrical resistivity measurements show that Ba2Pd5Ge4 is a Pauli paramagnet and a metal with the room temperature resistivity value of rho(300 K) approximate to 0.096 m Omega cm. The band structure calculations confirm that Ba2Pd5Ge4 is a good metal with no magnetic instability.
C1 [Saparov, Bayrammurad; Parker, David S.; Sefat, Athena S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Saparov, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,Bldg 4100,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM saparovbi@ornl.gov
RI Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016
OI Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504
FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
Engineering Division
FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy
Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. The single
crystal X-ray diffraction experiments were performed with the assistance
of R. Custelcean.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 20
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1477-9226
J9 DALTON T
JI Dalton Trans.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 41
BP 12920
EP 12925
DI 10.1039/c2dt31744c
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 016UN
UT WOS:000309545100036
PM 22987138
ER
PT J
AU Nielsen, MH
Lee, JRI
Hu, QN
Han, TYJ
De Yoreo, JJ
AF Nielsen, Michael H.
Lee, Jonathan R. I.
Hu, Qiaona
Han, Thomas Yong-Jin
De Yoreo, James J.
TI Structural evolution, formation pathways and energetic controls during
template-directed nucleation of CaCO3
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ORIENTED CRYSTALLIZATION;
COMPRESSED MONOLAYERS; INTERFACIAL PH; IN-SITU; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION;
CRYSTALS; CLUSTERS
AB Through the process of biomineralization living organisms use macromolecules to direct nucleation and growth of nanophases of a variety of inorganic materials. Evidence shows this is a widespread strategy for controlling the timing, polymorphism, morphology, and crystallographic orientation of CaCO3 nuclei. In the past decade, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols have been used as a simple model to reproduce the controls of organic substrates. However, despite the importance of nucleation phenomena in the crystallization of inorganic materials our understanding of the reaction dynamics is extremely limited because, until recently, there was no experimental tool that possessed the spatial and temporal resolution needed to capture the formative events in the process. Issues such as the formation of amorphous precursors, and polymorph selection during the initial stages of nucleation, as well as the structural relationships and energetic controls of the inorganic matrix on the emerging nucleus have not been fully explored. To address these gaps in our understanding we have developed a suite of in situ methods and applied them, along with synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopies, to CaCO3 nucleation. We used these methods to observe CaCO3 nucleation rates on alkanethiol SAMs. We found that for two carboxyl-terminated alkanethiol SAMs with odd (mercaptoundecanoic acid) and even (mercaptohexadecanoic acid) carbon chains, the effective interfacial energy is reduced from about 109 mJ m(-2) in solution to 81 mJ m(-2) and 72 mJ m(-2), respectively, showing that templating is driven by a reduction in the thermodynamic barrier to nucleation. We also report in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of crystal nucleation and growth in solution at the nanometre scale and video rates. This capability is enabled by the combination of a custom designed TEM stage and fluid cell. Significantly, the design of the cell and holder ensures temperature and electrochemical control over the reaction environment, allowing for direct investigation of nucleation. Our first results show that CaCO3 nucleates via nanoparticles of an apparent metastable precursor-most likely ACC-followed by consolidation and faceting. Finally, we report insights from the use of synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) into the evolution of the SAM during the nucleation process. Based on measurements of SAM monomer orientation, we argue that the ability of the SAM to reorganize during the nucleation process is a key feature of an organic matrix that successfully directs mineralization.
C1 [Nielsen, Michael H.; Hu, Qiaona; De Yoreo, James J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Nielsen, Michael H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lee, Jonathan R. I.; Han, Thomas Yong-Jin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Hu, Qiaona] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA.
RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jjdeyoreo@lbl.gov
RI Nielsen, Michael/D-1881-2015
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences through
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Center for Nanoscale Control of
Geologic CO2, an Energy Frontier Research Center [DE-AC02-05CH11231];
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DoD, Air
Force Office of Scientific Research, National Defense Science and
Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship [32 CFR 168a]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and
as part of the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2,
an Energy Frontier Research Center, both under contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231, and through Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Additional government support under
and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, National
Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32 CFR
168a. Measurements were performed at the Molecular Foundry, and at the
Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, national user facilities
operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Stanford
University, respectively, on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank the SSRL staff,
particularly Dan Brehmer and Curtis Troxel, for their assistance during
the course of these experiments.
NR 42
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 6
U2 85
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2012
VL 159
BP 105
EP 121
DI 10.1039/c2fd20050c
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 026LZ
UT WOS:000310281600006
ER
PT J
AU Wang, D
Hamm, LM
Giuffre, AJ
Echigo, T
Rimstidt, JD
De Yoreo, JJ
Grotzinger, J
Dove, PM
AF Wang, D.
Hamm, L. M.
Giuffre, A. J.
Echigo, T.
Rimstidt, J. Donald
De Yoreo, J. J.
Grotzinger, J.
Dove, P. M.
TI Revisiting geochemical controls on patterns of carbonate deposition
through the lens of multiple pathways to mineralization
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE; MAGNESIUM-CALCITE; SEDIMENTARY DOLOMITE;
SOUTH-AUSTRALIA; CRETACEOUS COMPOSITION; COORONG REGION; CRYSTAL-GROWTH;
MG/CA RATIO; MINERALOGY; SEAWATER
AB The carbonate sedimentary record contains diverse compositions and textures that reflect the evolution of oceans and atmospheres through geological time. Efforts to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions from these deposits continue to be hindered by the need for process-based models that can explain observed shifts in carbonate chemistry and form. Traditional interpretations assume minerals precipitate and grow by classical ion-by-ion addition processes but are unable to reconcile a number of unusual features contained in Proterozoic carbonates. The realization that diverse organisms produce high Mg carbonate skeletal structures by non-classical pathways involving amorphous intermediates raises the question of whether similar processes are also active in sedimentary environments. This study examines the hypothesis that non-classical pathways to mineralization are the physical basis for some of the carbonate morphologies and compositions observed in natural and laboratory settings. We designed experiments with a series of different solution Mg : Ca ratios and saturation environments to investigate the effects on carbonate phase, Mg content, and morphology. Our observations of diverse carbonate mineral compositions and textures suggest geochemical conditions bias the mineralization pathway by a systematic relationship to Mg : Ca ratio and the abundance of carbonate ions. Environments with low Mg levels produce calcite crystallites with 0-12 mol% MgCO3. In contrast, the combination of high initial Mg : Ca and rapidly increasing saturation opens a non-classical pathway that begins with extensive precipitation of an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). This phase slowly transforms to aggregates of very high Mg calcite nanoparticles whose structures and compositions are similar to natural disordered dolomites. The non-classical pathways are favored when the local environment contains sufficient Mg to inhibit calcite growth through increased solubility-a thermodynamic factor, and achieves saturation with respect to ACC on a timescale that is shorter than the rate of aragonite nucleation-a kinetic factor. Aragonite is produced when Mg levels are high but saturation is insufficient for ACC precipitation. The findings provide a physical basis for anecdotal claims that the interplay of kinetic and thermodynamic factors underlies patterns of carbonate precipitation and suggest the need to expand traditional interpretations of geological carbonate formation to include non-classical pathways to mineralization.
C1 [Wang, D.; Hamm, L. M.; Giuffre, A. J.; Echigo, T.; Rimstidt, J. Donald; Dove, P. M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[De Yoreo, J. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Grotzinger, J.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
RP Dove, PM (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RI Rimstidt, James/N-8910-2013; Giuffre, Anthony/D-4192-2016
OI Giuffre, Anthony/0000-0001-9269-7922
FU US Deptartment of Energy [DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112]; National Science
Foundation [NSF OCE-1061763]; Mineralogical Society of America; Office
of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical
Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The research was supported by awards to PMD from the US Deptartment of
Energy (DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112) and the National Science Foundation (NSF
OCE-1061763). DW thanks the Mineralogical Society of America for the
Grant for Student Research that also supported this work. LMH thanks the
NSF for support through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program. This
work was also supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences,
of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in
this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the NSF or the DOE. We thank JF Read for thoughtful
insights into geological carbonates.
NR 77
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 61
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
EI 1364-5498
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2012
VL 159
BP 371
EP 386
DI 10.1039/c2fd20077e
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 026LZ
UT WOS:000310281600021
ER
PT J
AU Wolf, SE
Lieberwirth, I
Natalio, F
Bardeau, JF
Delorme, N
Emmerling, F
Barrea, R
Kappl, M
Marin, F
AF Wolf, Stephan E.
Lieberwirth, Ingo
Natalio, Filipe
Bardeau, Jean-Francois
Delorme, Nicolas
Emmerling, Franziska
Barrea, Raul
Kappl, Michael
Marin, Frederic
TI Merging models of biomineralisation with concepts of nonclassical
crystallisation: is a liquid amorphous precursor involved in the
formation of the prismatic layer of the Mediterranean Fan Mussel Pinna
nobilis?
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; CALCIUM-CARBONATE PRECURSOR;
PINCTADA-MARGARITIFERA; SHELL; PHASE; FILMS; TRANSFORMATION;
MESOCRYSTALS; MECHANISMS; ARAGONITE
AB The calcitic prisms of Pinna nobilis (Pinnidae, Linnaeus 1758) are shown to be perfect examples of a mesocrystalline material. Based on their ultrastructure and on the occurrence of an amorphous transient precursor during the early stages of prism formation, we provide evidence for the pathway of mesocrystallisation proposed by Seto et al. (2012), which proceeds not by self-organized oriented attachment of crystalline nano-bricks but by aggregation of initially amorphous nanogranules which later transform by epitaxial nucleation to a three-dimensional array of well aligned nanocrystals. We further fathom the role of a liquid amorphous calcium carbonate in biomineralisation processes and provide strong evidence for the occurrence of PILP-like intermediates during prism formation. We develop a new scenario of prism formation based on the presented findings presented findings and discuss the implications of a speculative liquid amorphous calcium carbonate (LACC) intermediate in vivo.
C1 [Wolf, Stephan E.; Marin, Frederic] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR Biogeosci 6282, F-21000 Dijon, France.
[Lieberwirth, Ingo; Kappl, Michael] Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Natalio, Filipe] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
[Bardeau, Jean-Francois; Delorme, Nicolas] Univ Maine, CNRS, Fac Sci, Inst Mol & Mat Mans,UMR 6283, F-72085 Le Mans 9, France.
[Emmerling, Franziska] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
[Barrea, Raul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, BioCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Wolf, SE (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR Biogeosci 6282, 6 Blvd Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France.
EM stephan.wolf@u-bourgogne.fr; frederic.marin@u-bourgogne.fr
RI Natalio, Filipe/D-4417-2011; MPIP, AK Butt/B-8805-2009; Emmerling,
Franziska/G-3011-2010; Wolf, Stephan/O-4714-2015; Kappl,
Michael/A-5697-2009; Mainz, EMZ-M/E-3619-2016
OI Emmerling, Franziska/0000-0001-8528-0301; Wolf,
Stephan/0000-0002-3747-8097;
FU European Commission [PITN-GA-2008-215507 - BIO-MINTEC]; German Research
Foundation (DFG) [Wo 1712/1-1]; SRO project of the OSU THETA
(Bourgogne-Franche-Comte); U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Center
for Research Resources [2P41RR008630-17]; National Institute of General
Medical Sciences from the National Institutes of Health [9 P41
GM103622-17]
FX We warmly thank Nathalie Guichard, Maren Muller, Katrin Kirchoff, Simone
Rolf and the whole BioCAT team for their excellent technical support. S.
E. W. and F. M. thank further Sebastien Motreuil for providing the
shells of P. nobilis. This work was supported by grants of the European
Commission (PITN-GA-2008-215507 - BIO-MINTEC). S. E. W. is grateful to
the German Research Foundation (DFG) for a postdoctoral research
fellowship (Wo 1712/1-1). A complementary support was provided by SRO
2012 project of the OSU THETA (Bourgogne-Franche-Comte). Use of the
Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for
the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne
National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357. This project was supported by grants from the
National Center for Research Resources (2P41RR008630-17) and the
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (9 P41 GM103622-17) from
the National Institutes of Health. Last but not least, we are thankful
to Dorrit Jacob for an inspiring and helpful discussion.
NR 48
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 4
U2 44
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2012
VL 159
BP 433
EP 448
DI 10.1039/c2fd20045g
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 026LZ
UT WOS:000310281600024
ER
PT J
AU Hu, Q
Nielsen, MH
Freeman, CL
Hamm, LM
Tao, J
Lee, JRI
Han, TYJ
Becker, U
Harding, JH
Dove, PM
De Yoreo, JJ
AF Hu, Q.
Nielsen, M. H.
Freeman, C. L.
Hamm, L. M.
Tao, J.
Lee, J. R. I.
Han, T. Y. J.
Becker, U.
Harding, J. H.
Dove, P. M.
De Yoreo, J. J.
TI The thermodynamics of calcite nucleation at organic interfaces:
Classical vs. non-classical pathways
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; CRYSTAL NUCLEATION; CARBONATE; CLUSTERS;
BIOMINERALIZATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; COLLAGEN; GROWTH; PHASE; BONE
AB Nucleation in the natural world often occurs in the presence of organic interfaces. In mineralized tissues, a range of macromolecular matrices are found in contact with inorganic phases and are believed to direct mineral formation. In geochemical settings, mineral surfaces, which are often covered with organic or biological films, surround the volume within which nucleation occurs. In the classical picture of nucleation, the presence of such interfaces is expected to have a profound effect on nucleation rates, simply because they can reduce the interfacial free energy, which controls the height of the thermodynamic barrier to nucleation of the solid phase. However, the recent discovery of a nearly monodisperse population of calcium carbonate clusters-so called pre-nucleation clusters-and the many observations of amorphous precursor phases have called into question the applicability of classical descriptions. Here we use in situ observations of nucleation on organothiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to explore the energetics and pathways of calcite nucleation at organic interfaces. We find that carboxyl SAM-directed nucleation is described well in purely classical terms through a reduction in the thermodynamic barrier due to decreased interfacial free energy. Moreover, the differences in nucleation kinetics on odd and even chain-length carboxyl SAMs are attributable to relative differences in these energies. These differences arise from varying degrees of SAM order related to oxygen-oxygen interactions between SAM headgroups. In addition, amorphous particles formed prior to or during crystal nucleation do not grow and are not observed to act as precursors to the crystalline phase. Instead, calcite appears to nucleate independently. These results imply that the recently proposed model of calcite formation as a non-classical process, one which proceeds via aggregation of stable pre-nucleation clusters that form an amorphous precursor from which the crystalline phase emerges, is not applicable to template-directed nucleation on carboxyl SAMs and does not provide a universal description of calcite formation.
C1 [Hu, Q.; Nielsen, M. H.; Tao, J.; De Yoreo, J. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Hu, Q.; Becker, U.] Univ Michigan, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
[Nielsen, M. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Freeman, C. L.; Harding, J. H.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
[Hamm, L. M.; Dove, P. M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Lee, J. R. I.; Han, T. Y. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94511 USA.
RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jjdeyoreo@lbl.gov
RI Becker, Udo /F-7339-2011; Nielsen, Michael/D-1881-2015
OI Becker, Udo /0000-0002-1550-0484;
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Chemical, Biological and Geological Sciences through Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory; Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an
Energy Frontier Research Center [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH1123]; DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship [32
CFR 168a]; UK EPSRC [EP/I001514/1]; UK programme grant funds the
Materials Interface with Biology consortium; U.S. Department of Energy
by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; US Dept.
of Energy [DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112]; National Science Foundation [NSF
OCE-1061763]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Biological and Geological
Sciences through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and as part of
the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an Energy
Frontier Research Center under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Measurements were performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory with support from the Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
no. DE-AC02-05CH1123. This research was made with Government support
under and awarded by DoD, Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, 32
CFR 168a. CLF and JHH would like to thank funding from UK EPSRC grant
number EP/I001514/1; this UK programme grant funds the Materials
Interface with Biology consortium. Portions of this work were performed
under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The
research was also supported by awards to PMD from the US Dept. of Energy
(DOE BES-FG02-00ER15112) and the National Science Foundation (NSF
OCE-1061763).
NR 29
TC 63
Z9 63
U1 11
U2 164
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2012
VL 159
BP 509
EP 523
DI 10.1039/c2fd20124k
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 026LZ
UT WOS:000310281600029
ER
PT J
AU De Chant, LJ
AF De Chant, Lawrence J.
TI An implicit differential equation governing lumped capacitance,
radiation dominated, unsteady, heat transfer
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW
LA English
DT Article
DE Differential equations; Radiation; Capacitance; Heat transfer; Radiation
dominated; Lumped capacitance; Implicit differential equation
AB Purpose - Although most physical problems in fluid mechanics and heat transfer are governed by nonlinear differential equations, it is less common to be confronted with a "so - called" implicit differential equation, i.e. a differential equation where the highest order derivative cannot be isolated. The purpose of this paper is to derive and analyze an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach.
Design/methodology/approach - Here we discuss an implicit differential equation that arises from a simple model for radiation dominated heat transfer based upon an unsteady lumped capacitance approach. Due to the implicit nature of this problem, standard integration schemes, e.g. Runge-Kutta, are not conveniently applied to this problem. Moreover, numerical solutions do not provide the insight afforded by an analytical solution.
Findings - A predictor predictor-corrector scheme with secant iteration is presented which readily integrates differential equations where the derivative cannot be explicitly obtained. These solutions are compared to numerical integration of the equations and show good agreement.
Originality/value - The paper emphasizes that although large-scale, multi-dimensional time-dependent heat transfer simulation tools are routinely available, there are instances where unsteady, engineering models such as the one discussed here are both adequate and appropriate.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP De Chant, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM ljdecha@sandia.gov
FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Special thanks to Michael Sekerak (formerly Sandia National
Laboratories, currently University of Michigan Aerospace Department.
msekerak@umich.edu) for the physical motivation for this project. The
thoughtful comments of an anonymous reviewer are acknowledged. Sandia is
a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed
Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National
Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED
PI BINGLEY
PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0961-5539
J9 INT J NUMER METHOD H
JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 6-7
BP 896
EP 906
DI 10.1108/09615531211255770
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Mechanics
GA 028GV
UT WOS:000310411700013
ER
PT J
AU Guala, M
Tomkins, CD
Christensen, KT
Adrian, RJ
AF Guala, Michele
Tomkins, Christopher D.
Christensen, Kenneth T.
Adrian, Ronald J.
TI Vortex organization in a turbulent boundary layer overlying sparse
roughness elements
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Bed roughness; boundary layer turbulence; particle image velocimetry;
wall-bounded shear flow turbulence
ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; WALL TURBULENCE; CHANNEL FLOW; SPANWISE VORTICES;
HAIRPIN VORTICES; OUTER LAYER; LARGE-SCALE; SHEAR-FLOW; SMOOTH;
STATISTICS
AB Vortex organization in the outer layer of a turbulent boundary layer overlying sparse, hemispherical roughness elements is explored with two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) in multiple streamwise-wall-normal measurement planes downstream and between elements. The presence of sparse roughness elements causes a shortening of the streamwise length scale in the near-wall region. These measurements confirm that vortex packets exist in the outer layer of flow over rough walls, but that their organization is altered, and this is interpreted as the underlying cause of the length-scale reduction. In particular, the elements shed vortices which appear to align in the near-wall region, but are distinct from the packets. Further, it is observed that ejection events triggered in the element wakes are more intense compared to the ejection events in smooth wall. We speculate that this may initiate a self-sustaining mechanism leading to the formation of hairpin packets as a much more effective instability compared to those typical of smooth-wall turbulence.
C1 [Adrian, Ronald J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Guala, Michele] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
[Tomkins, Christopher D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
[Christensen, Kenneth T.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Adrian, RJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Engn Matter Transport & Energy, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
EM mguala@umn.edu; ctomkins@lanl.gov; ktc@illinois.edu; rjadrian@asu.edu
RI Christensen, Kenneth/B-1123-2009
OI Christensen, Kenneth/0000-0003-1468-2455
NR 52
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 23
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1686
J9 J HYDRAUL RES
JI J. Hydraul. Res.
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 5
BP 465
EP 481
DI 10.1080/00221686.2012.729229
PG 17
WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA 024UB
UT WOS:000310133300002
ER
PT J
AU Denault, KA
George, NC
Paden, SR
Brinkley, S
Mikhailovsky, AA
Neuefeind, J
DenBaars, SP
Seshadri, R
AF Denault, Kristin A.
George, Nathan C.
Paden, Sara R.
Brinkley, Stuart
Mikhailovsky, Alexander A.
Neuefeind, Joerg
DenBaars, Steven P.
Seshadri, Ram
TI A green-yellow emitting oxyfluoride solid solution phosphor
Sr2Ba(AlO4F)(1-x)(SiO5)(x):Ce3+ for thermally stable, high color
rendition solid state white lighting
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; EDGE-SHARING
TETRAHEDRA; EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; LUMINESCENT
MATERIALS; BASIS-SET; CE3+; EFFICIENT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
AB A near-UV excited, oxyfluoride phosphor solid solution Sr1.975Ce0.025Ba(AlO4F)(1-x)(SiO5)(x) has been developed for solid state white lighting applications. An examination of the host lattice, and the local structure around the Ce3+ activator ions through a combination of density functional theory, synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and total scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance, points to how chemical substitutions play a crucial role in tuning the optical properties of the phosphor. The maximum emission wavelength can be tuned from green (lambda(em) = 523 nm) to yellow (lambda(em) 552 nm) by tuning the composition, x. Photoluminescent quantum yield is determined to be 70 perpendicular to 5% for some of the examples in the series. Excellent thermal properties were found for the x = 0.5 sample, with the photoluminescence intensity at 160 degrees C only decreased to 82% of its room temperature value. Phosphor-converted LED devices fabricated using an InGaN LED (lambda(max) - 400 nm) exhibit high color rendering white light with R-a = 70 and a correlated color temperature near 7000 K. The value of R-a could be raised to 90 by the addition of a red component, and the correlated color temperature lowered to near 4000 K.
C1 [Denault, Kristin A.; Paden, Sara R.; Brinkley, Stuart; DenBaars, Steven P.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Solid State Lighting & Energy Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Denault, Kristin A.; DenBaars, Steven P.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[George, Nathan C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Paden, Sara R.; Mikhailovsky, Alexander A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Brinkley, Stuart] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
[Neuefeind, Joerg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Denault, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Solid State Lighting & Energy Ctr, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM kdenault@mrl.ucsb.edu
RI Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Neuefeind, Joerg/D-9990-2015
OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Neuefeind, Joerg/0000-0002-0563-1544
FU ConvEne IGERT Program [NSF-DGE 0801627]; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR
1121053]; UCSB Center for Scientific Computing [NSF DMR-1121053, NSF
CNS-0960316]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific User Facilities
Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy
FX We thank Alexander Birkel for helpful discussions. Fellowship support to
KAD and NCG from the ConvEne IGERT Program (NSF-DGE 0801627) is
gratefully acknowledged. The research reported here made use of MRL
Central Facilities, supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under
Award no. DMR 1121053. We also acknowledge support from the UCSB Center
for Scientific Computing (NSF DMR-1121053 and NSF CNS-0960316). Use of
the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported
by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The research at
Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored
by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy.
NR 61
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 37
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0959-9428
EI 1364-5501
J9 J MATER CHEM
JI J. Mater. Chem.
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 35
BP 18204
EP 18213
DI 10.1039/c2jm33620k
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 989TH
UT WOS:000307582800019
ER
PT J
AU Martha, SK
Dudney, NJ
Kiggans, JO
Nanda, J
AF Martha, Surendra K.
Dudney, Nancy J.
Kiggans, James O.
Nanda, Jagjit
TI Electrochemical Stability of Carbon Fibers Compared to Aluminum as
Current Collectors for Lithium-Ion Batteries
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES; PASSIVE FILM; LI; ELECTRODES; CORROSION; SALTS;
LIPF6; INTERCALATION; BEHAVIOR; COMPOSITES
AB The electrochemical behaviors of highly conductive, fully-graphitic, semi-graphitic and non-graphitic carbon fibers were studied as the cathode current collectors of lithium batteries in standard electrolyte (alkyl carbonate/LiPF6) solutions and compared to bare aluminum (Al). All of these current collectors demonstrate a stable electrochemical behavior within the potential range of 2.5 to 5 V, due to passivation by surface films. Carbon fibers have comparable electrochemical stability of Al and may be used in place Al foil. While the carbon fibers do not contribute any irreversible or extra capacity when they are cycled below 4.5 V, for fully-graphitic and semi-graphitic fibers PF6- intercalation and deintercalation into the carbon fiber may occur when they are cycled at high potentials >4.5 V. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.041210jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Martha, Surendra K.; Dudney, Nancy J.; Kiggans, James O.; Nanda, Jagjit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Martha, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM marthask@ornl.gov; dudneynj@ornl.gov
RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016; kiggans, james/E-1588-2017
OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178; kiggans, james/0000-0001-5056-665X
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX Materials used in this study were supplied courtesy of Max L. Lake
(Applied Sciences, Inc., Pyrograf I fully-graphitic fibers), Geoffey W.
Taylor (AFN Advanced Fiber Nonwoven, non-graphitic carbon fiber mats).
The authors also acknowledge the assistance of G. M. Veith (MSTD, ORNL)
for many helpful discussions on XPS analysis and Orlando Rios for
resistivity measurements of the samples and many helpful discussions.
This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S.
Department of Energy under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation
Technologies (BATT) Program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by
UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no.
DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 38
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 51
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 10
BP A1652
EP A1658
DI 10.1149/2.041210jes
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PB
UT WOS:000309105500012
ER
PT J
AU Yeager, MP
Su, D
Marinkovic, NS
Teng, XW
AF Yeager, Matthew P.
Su, Dong
Marinkovic, Nebojsa S.
Teng, Xiaowei
TI Pseudocapacitive NiO Fine Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Reactions
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ETHANOL OXIDATION REACTION; CHARGE STORAGE
MECHANISM; GRAPHENE OXIDE SHEETS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; POROUS
NICKEL; IN-SITU; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; ACTIVATED CARBON; MANGANESE OXIDE
AB We report nickel oxide (NiO) fine nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5.3 +/- 1.3 nm as an electrode material for supercapacitor reactions. The superior pseudocapacitive behavior of NiO nanoparticles was demonstrated in three-electrode half-cells and two-electrode button cells, with a maximum specific capacitance of 243 F/g. In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was used for the first reported time to study the evolution of the electronic structures of NiO during the charge-transfer reactions. We observed that a predominant change of valence state occurred between 0.35 V and 0.50 V (vs. Hg/HgO). The development of NiO nanomaterials in the present study provides a new approach in fabricating advanced pseudocapacitors by utilizing highly cost-effective transition metal oxide electrode materials. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.025210jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Yeager, Matthew P.; Teng, Xiaowei] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
[Su, Dong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Marinkovic, Nebojsa S.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Catalyt Sci & Technol, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Yeager, MP (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
EM xw.teng@unh.edu
RI Su, Dong/A-8233-2013; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016
OI Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453
FU University of New Hampshire; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This work is supported in part by the University of New Hampshire (X.T.,
M.Y.). Research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional
Nanomaterials and NSLS Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is
supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Beam lines X19A are partly supported by
Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium (DE-FG02-05ER15688). We thank Nancy
Cherim at UNH for assistance in TEM.
NR 49
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 7
U2 88
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 10
BP A1598
EP A1603
DI 10.1149/2.025210jes
PG 6
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PB
UT WOS:000309105500005
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, LL
Liang, G
Peng, G
Huang, YH
Wang, L
Qie, L
Croft, MC
Ignatov, A
Goodenough, JB
AF Zhang, Lu-Lu
Liang, Gan
Peng, Gang
Huang, Yun-Hui
Wang, Long
Qie, Long
Croft, Mark C.
Ignatov, Alexander
Goodenough, John B.
TI Insight into Fe Incorporation in Li3V2(PO4)(3)/C Cathode Material
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; DOPED LI3V2(PO4)(3);
VANADIUM PHOSPHATE; LIFEPO4
AB The profile of Fe-incorporation into carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)(3) (LVP) cathode material for lithium ion batteries has been systematically investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectrometry and electrochemical measurements. The results confirm the coexistence of Li3+xV2-yFe2+y(PO4)(3), LiFePO4 and FePO4 in the Fe-incorporated LVP/C composite. The FePO4 appears to be present as an amorphous phase associated with the carbon coat. Compared with pristine LVP/C, significant improvement in capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability in LVP/C-Fe were achieved, which is attributed to the reduced particle size, a decreased electrolyte/electrode charge-transfer resistance, and a suppressed electrolyte/electrode reaction at high voltage. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.001210jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Zhang, Lu-Lu; Huang, Yun-Hui; Qie, Long] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Proc & Die & Mold Technol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Lu-Lu; Peng, Gang] Three Gorges Univ, Coll Mech & Mat Engn, Yichang 443002, Hubei, Peoples R China.
[Zhang, Lu-Lu; Liang, Gan] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA.
[Wang, Long; Goodenough, John B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
[Croft, Mark C.; Ignatov, Alexander] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
[Croft, Mark C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Zhang, LL (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Mat Proc & Die & Mold Technol, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.
EM phy_gnl@shsu.edu; huangyh@mail.hust.edu.cn
RI Huang, Yunhui/C-3752-2014; Qie, Long/F-1488-2011
OI Qie, Long/0000-0003-1693-5911
FU Natural Science Foundation of China [50825203, 21175050]; MOST
[2011AA11290, 2011DFB70020]; PCSIRT (Program for Changjiang Scholars and
Innovative Research Team in University); National Science Foundation
[CHE-0718482]; Research Corporation for Science Advancement; ERG from
Sam Houston State University
FX This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant Nos. 50825203 and 21175050), the 863 programs from the MOST
(Grant Nos. 2011AA11290 and 2011DFB70020), the PCSIRT (Program for
Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University),
National Science Foundation under Grants (No. CHE-0718482), an award
from Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and an ERG grant from
Sam Houston State University. In addition, the authors thank Analytical
and Testing Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology for
XRD, SEM, and Raman spectra measurements, and thank the National
Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory for
XAS measurement.
NR 33
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 4
U2 67
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 10
BP A1573
EP A1578
DI 10.1149/2.001210jes
PG 6
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PB
UT WOS:000309105500001
ER
PT J
AU Larsen, BA
Neyerlin, KC
Bult, JB
Bochert, C
Blackburn, JL
Kocha, SS
Pivovar, BS
AF Larsen, Brian A.
Neyerlin, K. C.
Bult, Justin B.
Bochert, Christopher
Blackburn, Jeffrey L.
Kocha, Shyam S.
Pivovar, Bryan S.
TI Platinum Nanoplates as Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; SILVER; SIZE; TRENDS; ALLOYS; GOLD;
NANOPARTICLES; NANOCRYSTALS; NANORINGS; NANOWIRES
AB Pt nanoplates were synthesized by galvanic displacement from Ag nanoplates and tested for performance as oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cells. The Pt nanoplates exhibit improved specific activity by a factor of 3.7 compared to Pt nanoparticles (i(s)(0.9V) = 1000 and 270 mu A/cm(Pt)(2) for Pt nanoplates and nanoparticles, respectively) which indicates significant potential for future development of nanoplate electrocatalysts. The 2-d extended surface morphology of nanoplates was studied as a strategy to attain bulk material properties in a high surface area nanostructured material. The Pt nanoplates demonstrate more bulk-like properties approaching the specific activity of bulk polycrystalline Pt (i(s)(0.9V) = 2300 mu A/cm(Pt)(2)) and exceeding that for Pt black (i(s)(0.9V) = 840 mu A/cm(Pt)(2)). In addition, cyclic voltammetry reveals that the onset of oxide formation on the Pt nanoplates more closely resembles bulk polycrystalline Pt and Pt black as opposed to Pt nanoparticles. Pt nanoplate electrocatalysts synthesized by galvanic displacement highlight and expose a promising new strategy to achieve a class of nanostructured electrocatalysts with enhanced specific activity. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.029210jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Larsen, Brian A.; Neyerlin, K. C.; Bult, Justin B.; Bochert, Christopher; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Kocha, Shyam S.; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Larsen, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM brian.a.larsen@nrel.gov; bryan.pivovar@nrel.gov
FU US Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program; Energy Efficency
and Renewable Energy Postdoctoral Research Award
FX The authors would like to thank the research group of Yushan Yan for
collaborative discussions in the area of galvanic displacement for the
synthesis of fuel cell catalysts. The authors also thank the US
Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program and the Energy
Efficency and Renewable Energy Postdoctoral Research Award for funding
support.
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 12
U2 53
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 10
BP F622
EP F627
DI 10.1149/2.029210jes
PG 6
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PB
UT WOS:000309105500044
ER
PT J
AU Sarkar, A
Zhu, X
Nakanishi, H
Kerr, JB
Cairns, EJ
AF Sarkar, A.
Zhu, X.
Nakanishi, H.
Kerr, J. B.
Cairns, E. J.
TI Investigation into Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction on Platinum in
Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide and Effect of Addition of Imidazole and
1,2,4-Triazole
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELLS; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE;
ELECTRODES; MECHANISM; ELECTROCATALYSIS; DEGRADATION; CATALYSTS; MEDIA
AB The electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of platinum has been determined in tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEOH) solution, a solution of imidazole in tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and 1,2,4-triazole in tetraethylammonium hydroxide at elevated temperatures (25 degrees C-80 degrees C). Furthermore, the ORR activity has been compared to that in 12 M KOH. The cyclic voltammetry results as well as the ORR activity measurements suggest a similar activity of platinum in both KOH and TEOH at room temperature. However, the activity in TEOH deteriorates at high temperature due to nucleophilic attack by poorly solvated hydroxide ions. Moreover, addition of either imidazole or triazole has a positive influence on the stability of TEOH at high temperatures, although strong adsorption of both imidazole and triazole significantly inhibits the ORR, resulting in lower activity. Additionally, it is found that the ORR activity of platinum in triazole is superior to that in imidazole. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.037210jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Sarkar, A.; Zhu, X.; Nakanishi, H.; Kerr, J. B.; Cairns, E. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Nakanishi, H.] Toyota Motor Co, Shizuoka 4101193, Japan.
RP Sarkar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM EJCairns@lbl.gov
RI Zhu, Xiaobing/C-6122-2013; Zhu, Xiaobing/C-9635-2017; Cairns,
Elton/E-8873-2012
OI Zhu, Xiaobing/0000-0003-1789-2546; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591
FU Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan
FX Financial support by the Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan is gratefully
acknowledged. Furthermore, we thank Ian Kilpatrick of Sumitomo Electric
Europe for providing us with Porous Nickel Celmet samples, Roy Parker of
Toray Industries Inc. Japan, for providing us with Torcon needle punch
felt and Ing. Jana Kralikova of Chemosvit Fibrochem Slovak Republic for
supplying Prolen polypropylene microfibers.
NR 33
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 28
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 10
BP F628
EP F634
DI 10.1149/2.037210jes
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PB
UT WOS:000309105500045
ER
PT S
AU Singh, DJ
AF Singh, David J.
BE Avella, A
Mancini, F
TI The solid state as a fabric for intertwining chemical bonding,
electronic structure and magnetism
SO LECTURES ON THE PHYSICS OF STRONGLY CORRELATED SYSTEMS XVI
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 16th Training Course in the Physics of Strongly Correlated Systems
CY OCT 03-14, 2011
CL Vietri sul Mare, ITALY
SP Univ Studi Salerno, Dipartimento Fisica E R Caianiello, Int Inst Adv Sci Studies E R Caianiello, European Sci Fdn, INTELBIOMAT Programme, European Phys Soc
DE Electronic Structure; Magnetism; Superconductivity
ID THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY-CONVERSION; NODELESS SUPERCONDUCTING GAPS; LEAD
CHALCOGENIDES; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA;
ITINERANT-ELECTRON; CURRENT CARRIERS; IRON; CRYSTAL; PHASE
AB Condensed matter shows a remarkable variety of physical properties, reflecting the interplay between the chemical composition, structure and behaviors of materials. This set of notes discusses this richness from the point of view of modern first principles calculations. The availability of such calculations has been revolutionary in condensed matter physics. They are routinely used to understand the origins of physical behavior and to predict both properties and materials embodying them. Increasingly, such calculations serve a primary role in understanding complex novel behaviors that are discovered. Clearly it is impossible to review such a broad area in a single article. What is presented here is a basic introduction, some general remarks, and a series of hopefully instructive examples. The focus is on the use of first principles to obtain physical insight and so the discussion mixes calculations with understanding derived in light of experimental data as well.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
NR 169
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1097-8
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1485
BP 226
EP 275
DI 10.1063/1.4755824
PG 50
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BCM06
UT WOS:000310685500004
ER
PT B
AU Barnum, H
Barrett, J
Leifer, M
Wilce, A
AF Barnum, Howard
Barrett, Jonathan
Leifer, Matthew
Wilce, Alexander
BE Abramsky, S
Mislove, M
TI Teleportation in General Probabilistic Theories
SO MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION FLOW
SE Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Clifford Lectures Information Flow in Physics, Geometry, Logic and
Computation
CY MAR 12-15, 2008
CL Tulane Univ, Math Dept, New Orleans, LA
SP Us Off Naval Res
HO Tulane Univ, Math Dept
ID TENSOR-PRODUCTS; QUANTUM
AB In previous paper, we showed that many important quantum information-theoretic phenomena, including the no-cloning and no-broadcasting theorems, are in fact generic in all non-classical probabilistic theories. An exception is teleportation, which most such theories do not support. In this paper, we investigate which probabilistic theories, and more particularly, which composite systems, do support a teleportation protocol. We isolate a natural class of composite systems that we term regular, and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a regular tripartite system to support a conclusive, or post-selected, teleportation protocol. We also establish a sufficient condition for deterministic teleportation that yields a large supply of composite state spaces, neither classical nor quantum, that support such a protocol.
C1 [Barnum, Howard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
EM hnbarnum@aol.com; jon.barrett@rhul.ac.uk; matt@mattleifer.info;
wilce@susqu.edu
NR 26
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC
PI PROVIDENCE
PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA
BN 978-0-8218-4923-1
J9 PROC SYM AP
PY 2012
VL 71
BP 25
EP 47
PG 23
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA BCI84
UT WOS:000310253500002
ER
PT S
AU Suthar, KJ
Ghantasala, MK
Ilavsky, J
Mancini, DC
AF Suthar, Kamlesh J.
Ghantasala, Muralidhar K.
Ilavsky, Jan
Mancini, Derrick C.
BE Lendlein, A
Behl, M
Feng, Y
Guan, Z
Xie, T
TI Characterization of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 ferrogels prepared under uniform
magnetic field
SO MULTIFUNCTIONAL POLYMER-BASED MATERIALS
SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium V on Multifunctional Polymer-based Materials at the MRS Fall
Meeting and Exhibit
CY NOV 28-DEC 02, 2011
CL Boston, MA
SP IBM Zurich, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht GmbH, MRS
AB We compare the characteristics of ferrogels prepared with and without the presence of a uniform magnetic field using Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles immobilized in hydrogels of N-isopropylacrylamid. The spatial distribution and agglomeration of the nanoparticles within the ferrogels were investigated using ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hydrated ferrogels were also studied for magnetization using direct current superconducting quantum interference device (DC-SQUID). Volume size distribution resulting from USAXS data for Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared under a uniform 225 G magnetic field showed a single broad peak appreciably different from the prepared without magnetic field with three distinct peaks. Volume size distributions resulting from USAXS data of the Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared with and without the presence of a uniform magnetic field both similarly show two peaks. Nanoparticle agglomeration was also determined by analyzing TEM images of ferrogel samples. DC-SQUID measurements of Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared in the presence of a uniform magnetic field showed 9% higher magnetization compared to the Fe3O4-ferrogel prepared without magnetic field. Similarly, DC-SQUID measurements of Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared in the presence of a uniform magnetic field showed 3% higher magnetization compared to the Fe2O3-ferrogel prepared without magnetic field. Thus, the presence of a uniform magnetic field during ferrogel polymerization can enabled the enhancement of the magnetoelastic property of the ferrogel.
C1 [Suthar, Kamlesh J.; Ilavsky, Jan; Mancini, Derrick C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Suthar, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 18
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 10
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA
SN 0272-9172
BN 978-1-60511-380-7
J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P
PY 2012
VL 1403
BP 9
EP 14
DI 10.1557/opl.2012.701
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Polymer Science
SC Materials Science; Polymer Science
GA BCB15
UT WOS:000309561200002
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, JX
Zeches, RJ
He, Q
Chu, YH
Ramesh, R
AF Zhang, J. X.
Zeches, R. J.
He, Q.
Chu, Y. -H.
Ramesh, R.
TI Nanoscale phase boundaries: a new twist to novel functionalities
SO NANOSCALE
LA English
DT Article
ID BIFEO3 THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL PIEZOELECTRICS;
LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; FIELD-INDUCED STRAINS; ELECTROMECHANICAL
RESPONSE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; ISOMORPHOUS TRANSITION; ELECTRICAL CONTROL;
EPITAXIAL STRAIN; ROOM-TEMPERATURE
AB In functional materials, nanoscale phase boundaries exhibit exotic phenomena that are notably absent in their parent phases. Over the past two decades, much of the research into complex oxides (such as cuprate superconductors, CMR manganites and relaxor ferroelectrics) has demonstrated the key role that nanoscale inhomogeneities play in controlling the electronic and/or ionic structure of these materials. One of the key characteristics in such systems is the strong susceptibility to external perturbations, such as magnetic, electric and mechanical fields. A direct consequence of the accommodation of a large number of cationic substitutions in complex oxides is the emergence of a number of physical phenomena from essentially the same crystal framework. Recently, multiferroic behavior, which is characterized by the co-existence and potential coupling of multiple ferroic order parameters, has captured considerable worldwide research interest. The perovskite, BiFeO3, exhibits robust ferroelectricity coupled with antiferromagnetism at room temperature. A rather unique feature of this material system is its ability to "morph" its ground state when an external mechanical constraint is imposed on it. A particularly striking example is observed when a large (similar to 4 to 5%) compressive strain is imposed on a thin film through the epitaxial constraint from the underlying substrate. Under these conditions, the ground state rhombohedral phase transforms into a tetragonal-like (or a derivative thereof) phase with a rather large unit cell (c/a ratio of similar to 1.26). When the epitaxial constraint is partially relaxed by increasing the film thickness, this tetragonal-like phase evolves into a "mixed-phase" state, consisting of a nanoscale admixture of the rhombohedral-like phase embedded in the tetragonal-like phase. Such a system gives us a new pathway to explore a variety of mechanical, magnetic and transport phenomena in constrained dimensions. This article reviews our progress to date in this direction and also captures some possible areas of future research. We use the electromechanical response and the magnetic properties as examples to illustrate that its novel functionalities are intrinsically due to the phase boundaries and not the constituent phases. The possible origin of the giant piezoelectric response and enhanced magnetic moment across the boundaries is proposed based on the flexoelectric and flexomagnetic effects.
C1 [Zhang, J. X.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Zhang, J. X.] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
[Zeches, R. J.; Chu, Y. -H.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[He, Q.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Chu, Y. -H.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
RP Zhang, JX (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jxzhang@bnu.edu.cn
RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; He, Qing/E-3202-2010
OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084;
NR 118
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 12
U2 149
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2040-3364
EI 2040-3372
J9 NANOSCALE
JI Nanoscale
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 20
BP 6196
EP 6204
DI 10.1039/c2nr31174g
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 035UW
UT WOS:000310976800007
PM 22948414
ER
PT J
AU Lin, YG
Hsu, YK
Chen, YC
Chen, LC
Chen, SY
Chen, KH
AF Lin, Yan-Gu
Hsu, Yu-Kuei
Chen, Ying-Chu
Chen, Li-Chyong
Chen, San-Yuan
Chen, Kuei-Hsien
TI Visible-light-driven photocatalytic carbon-doped porous ZnO
nanoarchitectures for solar water-splitting
SO NANOSCALE
LA English
DT Article
ID NANOWIRE ARRAYS; CRYSTAL
AB C-doped ZnO hierarchically porous nanoarchitectures were synthesized in situ on indium tin oxide (ITO) through a counter strategy. The PEC performance of the C-doped ZnO nanoarchitectures in the splitting of water without sacrificial reagents was systematically evaluated for the first time. In comparison to other ZnO-based photoanodes in the literature, C-doped ZnO nanoarchitectures exhibit a striking photoresponse. Not only do they have a maximum IPCE value of 95%, but they also have an IPCE at the monochromatic wavelength of 400 nm as high as 26.6%, implying that modification by doping with carbon substantially improves the light utilization and conversion efficiency in the visible region of interest over those obtained using a conventional ZnO structure. This model hybrid photoanode will enable us to design high-activity, high-stability visible-light-driven photoelectrodes in the future.
C1 [Chen, Ying-Chu; Chen, Li-Chyong; Chen, Kuei-Hsien] Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
[Lin, Yan-Gu; Chen, Kuei-Hsien] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
[Hsu, Yu-Kuei] Natl Dong Hwa Univ, Dept Optoelect Engn, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
[Chen, San-Yuan] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
[Lin, Yan-Gu] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Chen, LC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Ctr Condensed Matter Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
EM yglin@anl.gov; chenlc@ntu.edu.tw; chenkh@pub.iams.sinica.edu.tw
RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; sinica, iams/F-4084-2012; Chen,
Kuei-Hsien/F-7924-2012; Hsu, Yu-Kuei/H-6591-2014; Chen,
Li-Chyong/B-1705-2015
OI Chen, Li-Chyong/0000-0001-6373-7729
FU National Science Council; Ministry of Education; Academia Sinica (Core
Facilities), Taiwan; AOARD under AFOSR, US; NSC; IAMS; NTU; National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
FX This work was supported by the National Science Council, Ministry of
Education, Academia Sinica (Core Facilities), Taiwan, and AOARD under
AFOSR, US. We gratefully thank NSC, IAMS, NTU, and National Synchrotron
Radiation Research Center for financial support for this project.
NR 23
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 11
U2 101
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2040-3364
J9 NANOSCALE
JI Nanoscale
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 20
BP 6515
EP 6519
DI 10.1039/c2nr31800h
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials
Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
Physics
GA 035UW
UT WOS:000310976800050
PM 22965114
ER
PT S
AU Moretto, LG
Elliott, JB
Lake, PT
Phair, L
AF Moretto, L. G.
Elliott, J. B.
Lake, P. T.
Phair, L.
BE Niksic, T
Milin, M
Vretenar, D
Szilner, S
TI New Wrinkles on an Old Model: Correlation Between Liquid Drop Parameters
and Curvature Term
SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics
CY JUL 09-13, 2012
CL Opatija, CROATIA
SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts
DE liquid drop model; leptodermous expansion; curvature
ID NUCLEAR-MASSES; DEFORMATIONS
AB The relationship between the volume and the surface energy coefficients in the liquid drop A(-1/3) expansion of nuclear masses is discussed. The volume and surface coefficients share the same physical origin and their physical connection is used to extend the expansion with a curvature term. This connection between coefficients is used to fit the experimental nuclear masses. The excellent fit obtained with a smaller number of parameters validates the assumed physical connections and the usefulness of the curvature term.
C1 [Moretto, L. G.; Lake, P. T.; Phair, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Elliott, J. B.] Lawrence Livermore Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Moretto, LG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
FU Office of Energy Research; Office of High Energy; Nuclear Physics;
Division of Nuclear Physics U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was
supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High
Energy and Nuclear Physics, Division of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was
also performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1103-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1491
BP 75
EP 80
DI 10.1063/1.4764206
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCK80
UT WOS:000310504400018
ER
PT S
AU Orrigo, SEA
Rubio, B
Fujita, Y
Blank, B
Gelletly, W
Agramunt, J
Algora, A
Ascher, P
Bilgier, B
Caceres, L
Cakirli, RB
Fujita, H
Ganioglu, E
Gerbaux, M
Giovinazzo, J
Grevy, S
Kamalou, O
Kozer, HC
Kucuk, L
Kurtukian-Nieto, T
Molina, F
Popescu, L
Rogers, AM
Susoy, G
Stodel, C
Suzuki, T
Tamii, A
Thomas, JC
AF Orrigo, S. E. A.
Rubio, B.
Fujita, Y.
Blank, B.
Gelletly, W.
Agramunt, J.
Algora, A.
Ascher, P.
Bilgier, B.
Caceres, L.
Cakirli, R. B.
Fujita, H.
Ganioglu, E.
Gerbaux, M.
Giovinazzo, J.
Grevy, S.
Kamalou, O.
Kozer, H. C.
Kucuk, L.
Kurtukian-Nieto, T.
Molina, F.
Popescu, L.
Rogers, A. M.
Susoy, G.
Stodel, C.
Suzuki, T.
Tamii, A.
Thomas, J. C.
BE Niksic, T
Milin, M
Vretenar, D
Szilner, S
TI Beta Decay Of Exotic T-Z =-1 And T-Z =-2 Nuclei
SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics
CY JUL 09-13, 2012
CL Opatija, CROATIA
SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts
DE beta decay; Gamow-Teller transitions; Charge-exchange reactions; Isospin
symmetry; Proton-rich-nuclei; Zn-56; Zn-58; Decay by proton emission
AB The half-lives of the T-Z = -2, Zn-56 and T-Z = -1, Zn-58 isotopes and other nuclei were measured in a beta-decay experiment at GANIL. The energy levels populated by the Zn-56 beta decay were determined. The Zn-56 results are compared with the results of the mirror process, the charge exchange reaction Fe-56(He-3,t)Co-56.
C1 [Orrigo, S. E. A.; Rubio, B.; Agramunt, J.; Algora, A.; Molina, F.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain.
[Fujita, Y.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5600043, Japan.
[Blank, B.; Ascher, P.; Bilgier, B.; Gerbaux, M.; Giovinazzo, J.; Grevy, S.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Susoy, G.] Univ Bordeaux 1, Ctr Etudes Nucl Bordeaux Gradignam, Gradignan, France.
[Gelletly, W.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Surrey GU2 7XH, England.
[Bilgier, B.; Cakirli, R. B.; Ganioglu, E.; Kozer, H. C.; Kucuk, L.; Susoy, G.] Istanbul Univ, Dept Phys, Istanbul, Turkey.
[Caceres, L.; Kamalou, O.; Stodel, C.; Thomas, J. C.] Grand Accelerateur Natl Ions Lourds, F-14076 Caen, France.
[Fujita, H.; Suzuki, T.; Tamii, A.] Osaka Univ, Ctr Res Nucl Phys, Osaka 5670047, Japan.
[Molina, F.] Comision Chilena Energ Nucl, Santiago, Chile.
[Popescu, L.] Univ Ghent, Vakgrp Subatomaire Stralingsfysica, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
[Rogers, A. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Orrigo, SEA (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain.
RI Popescu, Lucia/F-9964-2011; Kurtukian-Nieto, Teresa/J-1707-2014; Rubio,
Berta/M-1060-2014; Algora, Alejandro/E-2960-2015
OI Popescu, Lucia/0000-0003-1678-4260; Kurtukian-Nieto,
Teresa/0000-0002-0028-0220; Rubio, Berta/0000-0002-9149-4151; Algora,
Alejandro/0000-0002-5199-1794
FU Spanish MICINN [FPA2008-06419-C02-01, FPA2011-24553]; CPAN
Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme [CSD2007-00042]; MEXT, Japan
[18540270]; JSPS; CSIC
FX This work was supported under the Spanish MICINN grants
FPA2008-06419-C02-01, FPA2011-24553; CPAN Consolider-Ingenio 2010
Programme CSD2007-00042; MEXT, Japan 18540270; and Japan-Spain
collaboration program of JSPS and CSIC
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1103-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1491
BP 81
EP 84
DI 10.1063/1.4764207
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCK80
UT WOS:000310504400019
ER
PT S
AU Kroll, J
Baramsai, B
Becker, JA
Becvar, F
Bredeweg, TA
Couture, A
Chyzh, A
Dashdorj, D
Haight, RC
Heil, M
Jandel, M
Kappeler, F
Krticka, M
Mitchell, GE
O'Donnell, JM
Parker, W
Reifarth, R
Rundberg, RS
Ullmann, JL
Valenta, S
Vieira, DJ
Walker, CL
Wilhelmy, JB
Wouters, JM
Wu, CY
AF Kroll, J.
Baramsai, B.
Becker, J. A.
Becvar, F.
Bredeweg, T. A.
Couture, A.
Chyzh, A.
Dashdorj, D.
Haight, R. C.
Heil, M.
Jandel, M.
Kaeppeler, F.
Krticka, M.
Mitchell, G. E.
O'Donnell, J. M.
Parker, W.
Reifarth, R.
Rundberg, R. S.
Ullmann, J. L.
Valenta, S.
Vieira, D. J.
Walker, C. L.
Wilhelmy, J. B.
Wouters, J. M.
Wu, C. Y.
BE Niksic, T
Milin, M
Vretenar, D
Szilner, S
TI Scissors Mode of Gd Nuclei Studied from Resonance Neutron Capture
SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics
CY JUL 09-13, 2012
CL Opatija, CROATIA
SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts
DE Photon strength functions; Level density; Scissors Mode; Extreme
statistical model
ID GAMMA-CASCADES; DANCE ARRAY; SCATTERING; GD-156
AB Spectra of gamma rays following the neutron capture at isolated resonances of stable Gd nuclei were measured. The objectives were to get new information on photon strength of Gd-153,Gd-155-159 with emphasis on the role of the M1 scissors-mode vibration. An analysis of the data obtained clearly indicates that the scissors mode is coupled not only to the ground state, but also to all excited levels of the nuclei studied. The specificity of our approach ensures unbiasedness in estimating the sumed scissors-mode strength Sigma B(M1)up arrow, even for odd product nuclei, for which conventional nuclear resonance fluorescence measurements yield only limited information. Our analysis indicates that for these nuclei the sum Sigma B(M1)up arrow increases with A and for Gd-157,Gd-159 it is significantly higher compared to Gd-156,Gd-158.
C1 [Kroll, J.; Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.; Valenta, S.; Vieira, D. J.] Charles Univ Prague, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
[Baramsai, B.; Chyzh, A.; Mitchell, G. E.; Walker, C. L.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Baramsai, B.; Chyzh, A.; Mitchell, G. E.; Walker, C. L.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA.
[Becker, J. A.; Chyzh, A.; Dashdorj, D.; Parker, W.; Wu, C. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Bredeweg, T. A.; Couture, A.; Haight, R. C.; Jandel, M.; O'Donnell, J. M.; Rundberg, R. S.; Ullmann, J. L.; Wilhelmy, J. B.; Wouters, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Heil, M.; Reifarth, R.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-4291 Darmstadt, Germany.
[Kaeppeler, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Phys Nucl, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Reifarth, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
RP Kroll, J (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-NA0001784, DE-FG02-97- ER41042]; Czech
Science Foundation [13-07117S]; Los Alamos National Security, LLC
[DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LLNL [DE-AC52- 07NA27344]
FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy Grants
No. DE-NA0001784 and No. DE-FG02-97- ER41042 and by the grant No.
13-07117S of the Czech Science Foundation. This work benefited from the
use of the LANSCE accelerator and was performed under the auspices of
the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory by the
Los Alamos National Security, LLC under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396
and LLNL contract No. DE-AC52- 07NA27344.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1103-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1491
BP 182
EP 185
DI 10.1063/1.4764235
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCK80
UT WOS:000310504400047
ER
PT S
AU Back, BB
AF Back, B. B.
CA HELIOS Collaboration
BE Niksic, T
Milin, M
Vretenar, D
Szilner, S
TI Light Ion Transfer Reactions with the HELIOS Spectrometer
SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics
CY JUL 09-13, 2012
CL Opatija, CROATIA
SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts
DE Transfer reactions; spectrometer
ID STATES; BEAMS; CORE
AB Light-ion induced transfer and inelastic scattering reactions on stable or long-lived targets have been used extensively to study the structure of nuclei near the line of beta-stability, and much of the detailed information on the single-particle structure of nuclei has been derived from such studies. Recently, however, a substantial expansion of the range of isotopes, for which this nuclear structure information can be obtained, has presented itself by using radioactive beams in inverse kinematics reactions. Such beams are now available at a number of facilities around the world, including the in-flight production method and CARIBU facility at ATLAS. The HELIOS spectrometer, which has been used since August 2008 at ATLAS, circumvents many of the problems associated with inverse kinematics. In this talk I will discuss the principle of the spectrometer as well as some of main physics results that have been obtained to date in nuclei ranging from B-13 to Xe-137 using both stable and radioactive beams.
C1 [Back, B. B.; HELIOS Collaboration] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1103-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1491
BP 329
EP 334
DI 10.1063/1.4764269
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCK80
UT WOS:000310504400081
ER
PT S
AU Hupin, G
Quaglioni, S
Navratil, P
AF Hupin, G.
Quaglioni, S.
Navratil, P.
BE Niksic, T
Milin, M
Vretenar, D
Szilner, S
TI Ab Initio Calculations of Light-Ion Fusion Reactions
SO NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS '12
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 2nd International Conference on Nuclear Structure and Dynamics
CY JUL 09-13, 2012
CL Opatija, CROATIA
SP Univ Zagreb, Phys Dept, Fac Sci, Ruder Boskov Inst, Croatian Acad Sci & Arts
DE Ab initio method; light ion reactions
AB The exact treatment of nuclei starting from the constituent nucleons and the fundamental interactions among them has been a long-standing goal in nuclear physics. Above all nuclear scattering and reactions, which require the solution of the many-body quantum-mechanical problem in the continuum, represent an extraordinary theoretical as well as computational challenge for ab initio approaches. The ab initio No-Core Shell Model/Resonating-Group Method (NCSM/RGM) [1, 2, 3, 4] complements a microscopic cluster technique with the use of realistic interactions, and a microscopic and consistent description of the nucleon clusters. This approach is capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states in light nuclei. Recent applications to light nuclei scattering and fusion reactions relevant to energy production in stars and Earth based fusion facilities, such as the deuterium-He-3 fusion [4], are presented. Progress toward the inclusion of the three nucleon force into the formalism is outlined.
C1 [Hupin, G.; Quaglioni, S.; Navratil, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Hupin, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1103-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1491
BP 387
EP 390
DI 10.1063/1.4764284
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCK80
UT WOS:000310504400096
ER
PT J
AU Feinendegen, LE
AF Feinendegen, L. E.
TI The Auger effect in biology and medicine
SO NUKLEARMEDIZIN-NUCLEAR MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID RADIATION
C1 [Feinendegen, L. E.] Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
[Feinendegen, L. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Feinendegen, LE (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN
PI STUTTGART
PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY
SN 0029-5566
J9 NUKLEARMED-NUCL MED
JI Nuklearmedizin
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 5
BP 161
EP 162
PG 2
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA 021QR
UT WOS:000309900900001
PM 23037133
ER
PT J
AU Standen, PE
Dodia, D
Elsegood, MRJ
Teat, SJ
Kimber, MC
AF Standen, Patricia E.
Dodia, Dharati
Elsegood, Mark R. J.
Teat, Simon J.
Kimber, Marc C.
TI The stereochemical outcome of allyl magnesium and indium additions to
5-substituted norbornen-7-ones and its application to cis fused
carbocycle formation via ring rearrangement metathesis
SO ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID OLEFIN METATHESIS; DAPHNIPHYLLUM; ALKALOIDS
AB The addition of allyl magnesium and allyl indium reagents to a key TBS protected norbornenyl building block, synthesised in 6-steps from commercially available 1,1-dimethoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene, has been achieved providing the syn addition products with high diastereoselectivity. The subsequent exposure of the addition products to metathesis conditions, in the presence of ethene, then provided cis fused[3.0.3]-carbocycles with very high regioselectivity, via a Ring Rearrangement Metathesis (RRM) transformation.
C1 [Standen, Patricia E.; Dodia, Dharati; Elsegood, Mark R. J.; Kimber, Marc C.] Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
[Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Kimber, MC (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
EM M.C.Kimber@lboro.ac.uk
RI Elsegood, Mark/K-1663-2013; Kimber, Marc/B-1472-2010
OI Elsegood, Mark/0000-0002-8984-4175; Kimber, Marc/0000-0003-2943-1974
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Chemistry at
Loughborough University
FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Department of
Chemistry at Loughborough University, as well as NMR analysis by Dr Mark
Edgar (Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University). The Advanced
Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 9
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1477-0520
J9 ORG BIOMOL CHEM
JI Org. Biomol. Chem.
PY 2012
VL 10
IS 43
BP 8669
EP 8676
DI 10.1039/c2ob26784e
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA 025SX
UT WOS:000310215700018
PM 23032707
ER
PT J
AU Kim, B
Li, ZJ
Kay, BD
Dohnalek, Z
Kim, YK
AF Kim, Boseong
Li, Zhenjun
Kay, Bruce D.
Dohnalek, Zdenek
Kim, Yu Kwon
TI The effect of oxygen vacancies on the binding interactions of NH3 with
rutile TiO2(110)-1 x 1
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; SENSITIZED
SOLAR-CELLS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; ADSORPTION; TIO2; AMMONIA; PHOTOCATALYSTS;
PHYSISORPTION; DISSOCIATION
AB A series of NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) spectra were taken after dosing NH3 at 70 K on rutile TiO2(110)-1 x 1 surfaces with oxygen vacancy (V-O) concentrations of similar to 0% (p-TiO2) and 5% (r-TiO2), respectively, to study the effect of V(O)s on the desorption energy of NH3 as a function of coverage, theta. Our results show that in the zero coverage limit, the desorption energy of NH3 on r-TiO2 is 115 kJ mol(-1), which is 10 kJ mol(-1) less than that on p-TiO2. The desorption energy from the Ti4+ sites decreases with increasing theta due to repulsive NH3-NH3 interactions and approaches similar to 55 kJ mol(-1) upon the saturation of Ti4+ sites (theta = 1 monolayer, ML) on both p- and r-TiO2. The absolute monolayer saturation coverage is determined to be about 10% smaller on r-TiO2 than that on p-TiO2. Additionally, the trailing edges of the NH3 TPD spectra on the hydroxylated TiO2(110) (h-TiO2) appear to be the same as that on r-TiO2 while those on oxidized TiO2(110) (o-TiO2) shift to higher temperatures. We present a detailed analysis of the results and reconcile the observed differences based on the repulsive adsorbate-adsorbate dipole interactions between neighboring NH3 molecules and the surface charge associated with the presence of V(O)s.
C1 [Kim, Boseong; Kim, Yu Kwon] Ajou Univ, Dept Energy Syst Res, Suwon 443749, South Korea.
[Kim, Boseong; Kim, Yu Kwon] Ajou Univ, Dept Chem, Suwon 443749, South Korea.
[Li, Zhenjun; Kay, Bruce D.; Dohnalek, Zdenek] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Kim, YK (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Energy Syst Res, Suwon 443749, South Korea.
EM yukwonkim@ajou.ac.kr
RI Kim, Boseong/B-1338-2013
OI Kim, Boseong/0000-0002-9421-7141
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences; Department
of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); National Research
Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
[2010-0010780]
FX A portion of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences,
Biosciences and Geosciences, and performed using EMSL, a national
scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office
of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory
operated for DOE by Battelle. Y. K. Kim acknowledges financial support
from the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research
Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science
and Technology (2010-0010780).
NR 49
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 6
U2 40
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 43
BP 15060
EP 15065
DI 10.1039/c2cp42754k
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 023AQ
UT WOS:000310005700039
PM 23034737
ER
PT J
AU Ileri, N
Letant, SE
Palazoglu, A
Stroeve, P
Tringe, JW
Faller, R
AF Ileri, Nazar
Letant, Sonia E.
Palazoglu, Ahmet
Stroeve, Pieter
Tringe, Joseph W.
Faller, Roland
TI Mesoscale simulations of biomolecular transport through nanofilters with
tapered and cylindrical geometries
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS;
SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES; POLYMER BRUSHES;
CONICAL NANOPORES; EWALD SUMS; DIFFUSION; TRANSLOCATION; SEPARATION
AB Molecular transport properties in short cylindrical and pyramidal nanopores are investigated by mesoscale dissipative particle dynamics simulations. We examine the effect of pore geometry, size, flow direction, particle diameter and electrostatic forces on membrane flux, selectivity and fouling. Biomolecules of various sizes are represented by spherical particles as they move through nanopores. The highest molecular concentration in pores is obtained with a cylindrical geometry, whereas the lowest concentration is obtained with a pyramidal geometry when the molecular transport direction is from large to small pore opening. This reveals a higher tendency for fouling in cylindrical pores relative to pyramidal pores. In general, increasing pore size and decreasing molecular diameter increase diffusion and fluxes, as expected, and the highest fluxes are achieved when the molecule is in neutral state. For large, short pores, higher diffusion rates are achieved with a cylindrical geometry compared to a pyramidal geometry. For pore: particle diameter ratios below 10, highly restricted motion is observed. In the presence of electrostatic forces, the molecular separation potential of pyramidal pores is 1.5 x higher relative to short cylindrical pores, although the diffusion rate with cylindrical pores is 1.8 x higher. Finally, we demonstrate that decreasing the pore size by a factor of 1.2 can reduce the pore molecular concentration by at least a factor of 3 for all pore types. This finding is consistent with a surprising recent experimental study in which larger ceramic pores were observed to foul much faster than smaller pores.
C1 [Ileri, Nazar; Palazoglu, Ahmet; Stroeve, Pieter; Faller, Roland] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Ileri, Nazar; Letant, Sonia E.; Tringe, Joseph W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Faller, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM nileri@ucdavis.edu; rfaller@ucdavis.edu
FU University of California System wide Biotechnology Research & Education
Program GREAT Training grant; LLNL LDRD; U.S. Department of Energy by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was partially supported by the University of California System
wide Biotechnology Research & Education Program GREAT Training grant
2007-03 and by LLNL LDRD. Parts of this work were performed under the
auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 49
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 34
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 43
BP 15066
EP 15077
DI 10.1039/c2cp42577g
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 023AQ
UT WOS:000310005700040
PM 23034638
ER
PT J
AU Dohrmann, CR
Widlund, OB
AF Dohrmann, Clark R.
Widlund, Olof B.
TI AN ITERATIVE SUBSTRUCTURING ALGORITHM FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS IN
H(CURL)
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE domain decomposition; iterative substructuring; H(curl); Maxwell's
equations; preconditioners; irregular subdomain boundaries;
discontinuous coefficients
ID EDGE ELEMENT APPROXIMATIONS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD; PRIMAL FETI
ALGORITHMS; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; OVERLAPPING SCHWARZ; FINITE-ELEMENTS; 2
DIMENSIONS; INCOMPRESSIBLE ELASTICITY; SUBDOMAINS; SPACES
AB A domain decomposition algorithm, similar to classical iterative substructuring algorithms, is presented for two-dimensional problems in the space H-0(curl; Omega). It is defined in terms of a coarse space and local subspaces associated with individual edges of the subdomains into which the domain of the problem has been subdivided. The algorithm differs from others in three basic respects. First, it can be implemented in an algebraic manner that does not require access to individual subdomain matrices or a coarse discretization of the domain; this is in contrast to algorithms of the BDDC, FETI-DP, and classical two-level overlapping Schwarz families. Second, favorable condition number bounds can be established over a broader range of subdomain material properties than in previous studies. Third, we are able to develop theory for quite irregular subdomains and bounds for the condition number of our preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, which depend only on a few geometric parameters. The coarse space for the algorithm is based on simple energy minimization concepts, and its dimension equals the number of subdomain edges. Numerical results are presented which confirm the theory and demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm for a variety of mesh decompositions and distributions of material properties.
C1 [Dohrmann, Clark R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Analyst Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Widlund, Olof B.] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA.
RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyst Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM crdohrm@sandia.gov; widlund@cims.nyu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER25718];
National Science Foundation [DMS-0914954]; Institute of Mathematical
Sciences; Department of Mathematics of the Chinese University of Hong
Kong
FX Analystical Structural Dynamics Department, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185 (crdohrm@sandia.gov). Sandia is a
multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed
Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000.; Courant
Institute, New York, NY 10012 (widlund@cims.nyu.edu,
http://www.cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/widlund). This author's work was
supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract
DE-FG02-06ER25718 and in part by National Science Foundation grant
DMS-0914954. Part of the work of this author was also supported by the
Institute of Mathematical Sciences and the Department of Mathematics of
the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
NR 29
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 5
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 0036-1429
J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL
JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal.
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 3
BP 1004
EP 1028
DI 10.1137/100818145
PG 25
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 025RQ
UT WOS:000310210700002
ER
PT J
AU Connors, JM
Howell, JS
Layton, WJ
AF Connors, Jeffrey M.
Howell, Jason S.
Layton, William J.
TI DECOUPLED TIME STEPPING METHODS FOR FLUID-FLUID INTERACTION
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE semi-implicit; fluid-fluid interaction; atmosphere-ocean;
implicit-explicit method
ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS
AB A model of two incompressible Newtonian fluids coupled across a common interface is studied. The nonlinearity of the coupling condition exacerbates the problem of decoupling the fluid calculations in each subdomain, a natural parallelization strategy employed in current climate models. A specialized partitioned time stepping method is studied which decouples the discrete fluid equations without sacrificing stability and maintaining convergence. This is accomplished through explicit updating of the size of the jump in tangential velocities across the fluid-fluid interface by a geometric averaging of this data over the previous two time levels. A full numerical analysis is presented and computational tests are performed demonstrating the robustness of this method.
C1 [Connors, Jeffrey M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Howell, Jason S.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
[Layton, William J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Math, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
RP Connors, JM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM connors4@llnl.gov; jhowell@clarkson.edu; wjl@pitt.edu
OI Howell, Jason/0000-0003-4696-8482
FU NSF [DMS 0508260, 0810385]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-490264];
Center for Nonlinear Analysis (CNA) under National Science Foundation
[DMS-0635983]
FX Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 (connors4@llnl.gov). The first author's
work was partially supported by NSF grants DMS 0508260 and 0810385. This
author's work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-490264.; Department of Mathematics and
Computer Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5815
(jhowell@clarkson.edu). The second author's work supported by the Center
for Nonlinear Analysis (CNA) under National Science Foundation grant
DMS-0635983.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 0036-1429
EI 1095-7170
J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL
JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal.
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 3
BP 1297
EP 1319
DI 10.1137/090773362
PG 23
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 025RQ
UT WOS:000310210700014
ER
PT J
AU Kreiss, HO
Petersson, NA
AF Kreiss, Heinz-Otto
Petersson, N. Anders
TI BOUNDARY ESTIMATES FOR THE ELASTIC WAVE EQUATION IN ALMOST
INCOMPRESSIBLE MATERIALS
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE normal mode analysis; elastic wave propagation; surface waves; grid
points per wave length
AB We study the half-plane problem for the elastic wave equation subject to a free surface boundary condition, with particular emphasis on almost incompressible materials. A normal mode analysis is developed to estimate the solution in terms of the boundary data, showing that the problem is boundary stable. The dependence on the material properties, which is difficult to analyze by the energy method, is made transparent by our estimates. The normal mode technique is used to analyze the influence of truncation errors in a finite difference approximation. Our analysis explains why the number of grid points per wave length must be increased when the shear modulus (mu) becomes small compared to the first Lame parameter (lambda), that is, for almost incompressible materials. When the surface waves are scaled to have unit wave length, our analysis predicts that the grid size must be proportional to (mu/lambda)(1/2) for a second order method. For a fourth order method, the grid size can be proportional to (mu/lambda)(1/4). Numerical experiments confirm these scalings and illustrate the superior efficiency of a fourth order method.
C1 [Petersson, N. Anders] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Kreiss, Heinz-Otto] Trasko Storo Inst Math, Stockholm, Sweden.
RP Petersson, NA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM hokreiss@nada.kth.se; andersp@llnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX Received by the editors May 31, 2011; accepted for publication (in
revised form) April 26, 2012; published electronically June 5, 2012.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is contribution LLNL-JRNL-482152.
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 0036-1429
J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL
JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal.
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 3
BP 1556
EP 1580
DI 10.1137/110832847
PG 25
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 025RQ
UT WOS:000310210700025
ER
PT J
AU Scheichl, R
Vassilevski, PS
Zikatanov, LT
AF Scheichl, Robert
Vassilevski, Panayot S.
Zikatanov, Ludmil T.
TI MULTILEVEL METHODS FOR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS WITH HIGHLY VARYING
COEFFICIENTS ON NONALIGNED COARSE GRIDS
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE coarse spaces; multigrid; overlapping Schwarz method; large coefficient
jumps
ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONERS; LEAST-SQUARES FOSLS; DISCONTINUOUS
COEFFICIENTS; SCHWARZ METHODS; SUBSPACE CORRECTIONS; ADDITIVE SCHWARZ;
CONVERGENCE; ALGORITHMS; SPACE
AB In this paper we generalize the analysis of classical multigrid and two-level overlapping Schwarz methods for 2nd order elliptic boundary value problems to problems with large discontinuities in the coefficients that are not resolved by the coarse grids or the subdomain partition. The theoretical results provide a recipe for designing hierarchies of standard piecewise linear coarse spaces such that the multigrid convergence rate and the condition number of the Schwarz preconditioned system do not depend on the coefficient variation or on any mesh parameters. An assumption we have to make is that the coarse grids are sufficiently fine in the vicinity of cross points or where regions with large diffusion coefficients are separated by a narrow region where the coefficient is small. We do not need to align them with possible discontinuities in the coefficients. The proofs make use of novel stable splittings based on weighted quasi-interpolants and weighted Poincare-type inequalities. Numerical experiments are included that illustrate the sharpness of the theoretical bounds and the necessity of the technical assumptions.
C1 [Scheichl, Robert] Univ Bath, Dept Math Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
[Vassilevski, Panayot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Zikatanov, Ludmil T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Math, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
RP Scheichl, R (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Math Sci, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
EM R.Scheichl@bath.ac.uk; panayot@llnl.gov; ltz@math.psu.edu
RI Zikatanov, Ludmil/F-9365-2010;
OI Zikatanov, Ludmil/0000-0002-5189-4230; Scheichl,
Robert/0000-0001-8493-4393
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0810982,
OCI-0749202]
FX Received by the editors August 13, 2010; accepted for publication (in
revised form) January 15, 2012; published electronically June 21, 2012.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive,
royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this
contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.
Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights.;
Department of Mathematics, 218 McAllister Building, Penn State
University, University Park, PA, 16802 (ltz@math.psu.edu). This author's
work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation,
DMS-0810982 and OCI-0749202.
NR 27
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 0036-1429
J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL
JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal.
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 3
BP 1675
EP 1694
DI 10.1137/100805248
PG 20
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 025RQ
UT WOS:000310210700030
ER
PT J
AU Mincher, BJ
Martin, LR
Schmitt, NC
AF Mincher, Bruce J.
Martin, Leigh R.
Schmitt, Nicholas C.
TI DIAMYLAMYLPHOSPHONATE SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF AM(VI) FROM NUCLEAR FUEL
RAFFINATE SIMULANT SOLUTION
SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE Americium; americium oxidation; americium extraction; minor actinides;
separation; sodium bismuthate; phosphonate
ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SEPARATION; AMERICIUM
AB The separation of hexavalent americium from the lanthanides in simulated PUREX raffinate solution using 1 M diamylamylphosphonate in dodecane extraction was investigated. Hexavalent americium was prepared using room-temperature sodium bismuthate oxidation. Under these conditions the majority of the lanthanides were not oxidized and remained inextractable. A separation factor of similar to 50 was provided for americium from europium over the nitric acid concentration range 6-7 M. Cerium was the exception with oxidation to Ce-IV resulting in its co-extraction with Am-VI. However, since americium is readily reduced to Am-III it was easily stripped with a dilute acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide. Although hydrogen peroxide also reduces cerium, it does so slowly, and a selective americium strip was achieved, with a separation factor of as high as 35. Alternatively, since americium spontaneously reduced in the loaded organic phase, samples allowed to stand for 2 hours could be selectively stripped of americium by contact with 1 M HNO3 containing no additional reagents. Further, the separation was demonstrated using solutions containing macro-amounts of cerium and americium. The implications for use in fuel cycle separations are discussed.
C1 [Mincher, Bruce J.; Martin, Leigh R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
[Schmitt, Nicholas C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Chem & Radiat Measurements Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov
RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017
OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110;
FU U.S. Department of Energy; DOE Idaho Operations Office
[DE-AC07-05ID14517]
FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for
Nuclear Energy, under the Fuel Cycle Research and Development Minor
Actinide Separations sigma-team; DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract
DE-AC07-05ID14517. The authors thank E. P. Horwitz, for initially
suggesting the use of DAAP as an AmVI extraction ligand.
NR 15
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 15
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0736-6299
J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC
JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch.
PY 2012
VL 30
IS 5
BP 445
EP 456
DI 10.1080/07366299.2012.671108
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 026YQ
UT WOS:000310319400002
ER
PT J
AU Densmore, JD
AF Densmore, Jeffery D.
TI Spatial Moments of Continuous Transport Problems Computed on Grids
SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 22nd International Conference on Transport Theory (ICTT)
CY SEP 12-16, 2011
CL Portland, OR
DE method of moments; singular-eigenfunction method; fourier transform
AB The method of moments is a well-known technique for determining exact expressions for spatial and angular moments of radiation distributions in infinite, homogeneous media. These moments can further be used to calculate other quantities of interest. We examine how the method of moments is altered when the underlying transport problem is spatially continuous but involves a grid and moments are computed on this grid instead of through integration over the entire domain. For the problem we consider, we employ both singular-eigenfunction and Fourier-transform approaches to show that when moments are evaluated in this manner (i) the flux-weighted average of x remains equal to the source-weighted average of x, but (ii) the flux-weighted average of (x - x(a))(2) is greater than the source-weighted average of (x - x(a))(2) by an additional error term, where x is the spatial variable and x(a) is an arbitrary point. We also demonstrate that the two resulting expressions for this error term are equivalent.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Densmore, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jdd@lanl.gov
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 3
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0041-1450
J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT
JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 5-6
SI SI
BP 389
EP 405
DI 10.1080/00411450.2012.671223
PG 17
WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical
SC Mathematics; Physics
GA 027BS
UT WOS:000310327400006
ER
PT S
AU Higemoto, W
Ito, TU
Ninomiya, K
Heffner, RH
Shimomura, K
Nishiyama, K
Miyake, Y
AF Higemoto, W.
Ito, T. U.
Ninomiya, K.
Heffner, R. H.
Shimomura, K.
Nishiyama, K.
Miyake, Y.
BE Luke, GM
Sonier, J
TI Muon Beam Slicer at J-PARC MUSE
SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND
RESONANCE (MUSR2011)
SE Physics Procedia
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and
Resonance (muSR)
CY MAY 16-20, 2011
CL Cancun, MEXICO
SP TRIUMF, Canadian Nat Sci & Engn Res Council (NSERC), Canadian Inst Adv Res (CIFAR), Simon Fraser Univ, Dehnel - Particle Accelerator Components & Engn Inc (D-Pace), Commun & Power Ind (CPI)
AB We have developed experimental equipment at the J-PARC MLF muon science facility (MUSE) for muon spin rotation/relaxation experiments. To overcome the limited time resolution which comes from the time structure of the proton beam, the "muon beam slicer" is installed at the extraction part of the decay muon line. Here we report the detail of the muon beam slicer
C1 [Higemoto, W.; Ito, T. U.; Ninomiya, K.; Heffner, R. H.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
[Higemoto, W.; Ito, T. U.; Ninomiya, K.; Shimomura, K.; Nishiyama, K.; Miyake, Y.] J PARC Ctr, Mat & Life Sci Div, Muon Sect, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
[Heffner, R. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Shimomura, K.; Nishiyama, K.; Miyake, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Org, Muon Science Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
RP Higemoto, W (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Naka, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
EM higemoto.wataru@jaea.go.jp
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1875-3892
J9 PHYSCS PROC
PY 2012
VL 30
BP 30
EP 33
DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.04.033
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA BCB14
UT WOS:000309552100007
ER
PT S
AU Suter, A
Morenzoni, E
Prokscha, T
Luetkens, H
Wojek, BM
Logvenov, G
Gozar, A
Bozovic, I
AF Suter, A.
Morenzoni, E.
Prokscha, T.
Luetkens, H.
Wojek, B. M.
Logvenov, G.
Gozar, A.
Bozovic, I.
BE Luke, GM
Sonier, J
TI Superconductivity in La1.56Sr0.44CuO4/La2CuO4 superlattices
SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND
RESONANCE (MUSR2011)
SE Physics Procedia
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and
Resonance (muSR)
CY MAY 16-20, 2011
CL Cancun, MEXICO
SP TRIUMF, Canadian Nat Sci & Engn Res Council (NSERC), Canadian Inst Adv Res (CIFAR), Simon Fraser Univ, Dehnel - Particle Accelerator Components & Engn Inc (D-Pace), Commun & Power Ind (CPI)
DE mu SR; superlattices; superconductivity
ID OXIDES; INTERFACE
AB Superlattices of the repeated structure La1.56Sr0.44CuO4/La2CuO4 (LSCO-LCO), where none of the constituents is superconducting, show a superconducting transition of T-c similar or equal to 25 K. In order to elucidate the nature of the superconducting state we have performed a low-energy mu SR study. By applying a magnetic field parallel (Meissner state) and perpendicular (vortex state) to the film planes, we could show that superconductivity is sheet like, resulting in a very anisotropic superconducting state. This result is consistent with a simple charge-transfer model, which takes into account the layered structure and the difference in the chemical potential between LCO and LSCO, as well as Sr interdiffusion. Using a pancake-vortex model we could estimate a strict upper limit of the London penetration depth to 380 nm in these superlattices. The temperature dependence of the muon depolarization rate in field cooling experiments is very similar to what is observed in intercalated BSCCO and suggests that vortex-vortex interaction is dominated by electromagnetic coupling but negligible Josephson interaction.
C1 [Suter, A.; Morenzoni, E.; Prokscha, T.; Luetkens, H.; Wojek, B. M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Wojek, B. M.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
[Logvenov, G.; Gozar, A.; Bozovic, I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Logvenov, G.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
RP Suter, A (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
EM andreas.suter@psi.ch
RI Luetkens, Hubertus/G-1831-2011;
OI Wojek, Bastian M./0000-0002-8216-5321
FU U.S. Departmentof Energy [MA-509-MACA]
FX The mu SR experiments were fully performed at the S mu S. The work at
BNL was supported by the U.S. Departmentof Energy Project MA-509-MACA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1875-3892
J9 PHYSCS PROC
PY 2012
VL 30
BP 271
EP 274
DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.04.089
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA BCB14
UT WOS:000309552100063
ER
PT S
AU Anzt, H
Tomov, S
Dongarra, J
Heuveline, V
AF Anzt, Hartwig
Tomov, Stanimire
Dongarra, Jack
Heuveline, Vincent
GP IEEE
TI A Block-Asynchronous Relaxation Method for Graphics Processing Units
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Asynchronous Relaxation; Chaotic Iteration; Graphics Processing Units
(GPUs); Jacobi Method
ID CONVERGENCE
AB In this paper, we analyze the potential of asynchronous relaxation methods on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). For this purpose, we developed a set of asynchronous iteration algorithms in CUDA and compared them with a parallel implementation of synchronous relaxation methods on CPU-based systems. For a set of test matrices taken from the University of Florida Matrix Collection we monitor the convergence behavior, the average iteration time and the total time-to-solution time. Analyzing the results, we observe that even for our most basic asynchronous relaxation scheme, despite its lower convergence rate compared to the Gauss-Seidel relaxation (that we expected), the asynchronous iteration running on GPUs is still able to provide solution approximations of certain accuracy in considerably shorter time than Gauss-Seidel running on CPUs. Hence, it overcompensates for the slower convergence by exploiting the scalability and the good fit of the asynchronous schemes for the highly parallel GPU architectures. Further, enhancing the most basic asynchronous approach with hybrid schemes - using multiple iterations within the "subdomain" handled by a GPU thread block and Jacobi-like asynchronous updates across the "boundaries", subject to tuning various parameters - we manage to not only recover the loss of global convergence but often accelerate convergence of up to two times (compared to the standard but difficult to parallelize Gauss-Seidel type of schemes), while keeping the execution time of a global iteration practically the same. This shows the high potential of the asynchronous methods not only as a stand alone numerical solver for linear systems of equations fulfilling certain convergence conditions but more importantly as a smoother in multigrid methods. Due to the explosion of parallelism in todays architecture designs, the significance and the need for asynchronous methods, as the ones described in this work, is expected to grow.
C1 [Anzt, Hartwig; Heuveline, Vincent] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.
[Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Anzt, H (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany.
EM hartwig.anzt@kit.edu; tomov@cs.utk.edu; dongarra@cs.utk.edu;
vincent.heuveline@kit.edu
RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014
FU National Science Foundation; Department of Energy; NVIDIA; Microsoft
Research
FX Implementation and computations were done at the Innovative Computing
Laboratory at the University of Tennessee. The authors would like to
thank the National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, NVIDIA,
and Microsoft Research for supporting this research effort.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 113
EP 124
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.11
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400010
ER
PT S
AU Kartsaklis, C
Hernandez, O
Hsu, CH
Ilsche, T
Joubert, W
Graham, RL
AF Kartsaklis, Christos
Hernandez, Oscar
Hsu, Chung-Hsing
Ilsche, Thomas
Joubert, Wayne
Graham, Richard L.
GP IEEE
TI HERCULES: A Pattern Driven Code Transformation System
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID INFRASTRUCTURE
AB New parallel computers are emerging, but developing efficient scientific code for them remains difficult. A scientist must manage not only the science-domain complexity but also the performance-optimization complexity. HERCULES is a code transformation system designed to help the scientist to separate the two concerns, which improves code maintenance, and facilitates performance optimization. The system combines three technologies, code patterns, transformation scripts and compiler plugins, to provide the scientist with an environment to quickly implement code transformations that suit his needs. Unlike existing code optimization tools, HERCULES is unique in its focus on user-level accessibility. In this paper we discuss the design, implementation and an initial evaluation of HERCULES.
C1 [Kartsaklis, Christos; Hernandez, Oscar; Hsu, Chung-Hsing; Ilsche, Thomas; Graham, Richard L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Applicat Performance Tools Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Joubert, Wayne] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Comp Sci, Sci Comp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Kartsaklis, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Applicat Performance Tools Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM kartsaklisc@ornl.gov; oscarh@ornl.gov; hsuc@ornl.gov; ilschett@ornl.gov;
joubert@ornl.gov; rlgraham@ornl.gov
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge
National Laboratory [AC05-00OR22725]
FX This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by
UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 24
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 574
EP 583
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.69
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400070
ER
PT S
AU Rountree, B
Ahn, DH
de Supinski, BR
Lowenthal, DK
Schulz, M
AF Rountree, Barry
Ahn, Dong H.
de Supinski, Bronis R.
Lowenthal, David K.
Schulz, Martin
GP IEEE
TI Beyond DVFS: A First Look at Performance Under a Hardware-Enforced Power
Bound
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has been the tool of choice for balancing power and performance in high-performance computing (HPC). With the introduction of Intel's Sandy Bridge family of processors, researchers now have a far more attractive option: user-specified, dynamic, hardware-enforced processor power bounds. In this paper we provide a first look at this technology in the HPC environment and detail both the opportunities and potential pitfalls of using this technique to control processor power.
As part of this evaluation we measure power and performance for single-processor instances of several of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. Additionally, we focus on the behavior of a single benchmark, MG, under several different power bounds. We quantify the well-known manufacturing variation in processor power efficiency and show that, in the absence of a power bound, this variation has no correlation to performance. We then show that execution under a power bound translates this variation in efficiency into variation in performance.
C1 [Rountree, Barry; Ahn, Dong H.; de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Lowenthal, David K.] Univ Arizona, Dept Comp Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Rountree, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
NR 19
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 947
EP 953
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.116
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400117
ER
PT S
AU Marshall, P
Tufo, H
Keahey, K
AF Marshall, Paul
Tufo, Henry
Keahey, Kate
GP IEEE
TI Provisioning Policies for Elastic Computing Environments
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Infrastructure-as-a-Service; cloud computing; elastic computing
AB Resources experience dynamic load as demand fluctuates. Therefore, resource providers must estimate the appropriate amount of resources to purchase in order to meet variable user demand. With the relatively recent introduction of infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) clouds (e. g. Amazon EC2) resource providers may choose to outsource demand as needed. As a result, a resource provider may decide to decrease his initial capital outlay and purchase a smaller resource that meets the needs of his users the majority of the time while budgeting for future outsourcing costs. When bursts in demand exceed the capacity of the resource, a resource provider can use elastic computing to outsource excess demand to IaaS clouds based on a defined budget.
To create efficient elastic environments, existing services must be extended with elastic computing functionality and resource provisioning policies that match resource deployments with demand must be developed. In this paper we consider an elastic environment that extends a local cluster resource with IaaS resources. We present resource provisioning policies to dynamically match resource supply with demand. Our policies balance the requirements of users and administrators, such as minimizing the monetary cost of the IaaS deployment and reducing job queued time. We develop a discrete event simulator, the elastic cloud simulator (ECS), to evaluate our policies using scientific workloads. Our results demonstrate that by outsourcing on a flexible basis instead of simply provisioning the maximum number of instances preemptively, we reduce the average queued time by up to 58% and cost by 38%. Our results also demonstrate that our multi-variable policies provide more flexibility in balancing budget and time requirements than typical single-variable reference policies, giving resource providers controls to manage their elastic environments.
C1 [Marshall, Paul; Tufo, Henry] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Keahey, Kate] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Marshall, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM paul.marshall@colorado.edu
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1085
EP 1094
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.132
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400134
ER
PT S
AU Kettimuthu, R
Lacinski, L
Link, M
Pickett, K
Tuecke, S
Foster, I
AF Kettimuthu, Rajkumar
Lacinski, Lukasz
Link, Mike
Pickett, Karl
Tuecke, Steve
Foster, Ian
GP IEEE
TI Instant GridFTP
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE GridFTP; Grid data movement; high-speed transfers; secure WAN transfers;
GCMU; Globus Online
ID SYSTEM
AB A foundational need in high-performance computing is to move large (multi-gigabyte and even terabyte) datasets between sites. Simple file transfer mechanisms such as FTP and SCP are not sufficient from either a reliability or performance perspective. GridFTP is the de facto standard protocol for transferring large data files in production Grid/HPC environments. GridFTP extends the standard FTP protocol to provide a high-performance, secure, reliable data transfer protocol optimized for high-bandwidth wide-area networks. The Globus GridFTP implementation has become the preeminent high-performance data transfer tool for the Grid community, with large facilities and projects using it to transfer billions of files per year. We report here on a new product, Globus Connect Multi User (GCMU), that greatly streamlines Globus GridFTP installation and configuration. GCMU packages a GridFTP server, MyProxy Online Certificate Authority, and other components in a manner that avoids the need for any end-user or system administrator involvement in security configuration or credential management. We describe the GCMU design and a GridFTP protocol extension that simplifies transfers across security domains. We also explain how GCMU interacts with the Globus Online software-as-a-service solution. By enabling "instant GridFTP," this work makes the powerful Globus GridFTP tool accessible to nonexpert users and to smaller laboratories and projects.
C1 [Kettimuthu, Rajkumar] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
Univ Chicago Argonne Natl Lab, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Kettimuthu, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
OI Tuecke, Steven/0000-0003-2038-2512
FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science;
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing
Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract
DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1104
EP 1112
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.134
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400136
ER
PT S
AU Eckart, B
He, XB
Wu, CT
Aderholdt, F
Han, F
Scott, S
AF Eckart, Ben
He, Xubin
Wu, Chentao
Aderholdt, Ferrol
Han, Fang
Scott, Stephen
GP IEEE
TI Distributed Virtual Diskless Checkpointing: A Highly Fault Tolerant
Scheme for Virtualized Clusters
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID MIGRATION; MACHINES
AB Today's high-end computing systems are facing a crisis of high failure rates due to increased numbers of components. Recent studies have shown that traditional fault tolerant techniques incur overheads that more than double execution times on these highly parallel machines. Thus, future high-end computing must be able to provide adequate fault tolerance at an acceptable cost or the burdens of fault management will severely affect the viability of such systems. Cluster virtualization offers a potentially unique solution for fault management, but brings significant overhead, especially for I/O. In this paper, we propose a novel diskless checkpointing technique on clusters of virtual machines. Our technique splits Virtual Machines into sets of orthogonal RAID systems and distributes parity evenly across the cluster, similar to a RAID-5 configuration, but using VM images as data elements. Our theoretical analysis shows that our technique significantly reduces the overhead associated with checkpointing by removing the disk I/O bottleneck.
C1 [Eckart, Ben] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[He, Xubin; Wu, Chentao] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
[Aderholdt, Ferrol; Han, Fang; Scott, Stephen] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Cookeville, TN USA.
[Scott, Stephen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Eckart, B (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Inst Robot, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM eckart@cmu.edu; xhe2@vcu.edu; wuc4@vcu.edu; wfaderhold2@tntech.edu;
fhan42@tntech.edu; sscott@tntech.edu
FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-1102624]
FX We thank the anonymous reviewers for their feedback. This research is
sponsored in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under
grant CCF-1102624. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency.
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1120
EP 1127
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.136
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400138
ER
PT S
AU Wright, SA
Hammond, SD
Pennycook, SJ
Miller, I
Herdman, JA
Jarvis, SA
AF Wright, S. A.
Hammond, S. D.
Pennycook, S. J.
Miller, I.
Herdman, J. A.
Jarvis, S. A.
GP IEEE
TI LDPLFS: Improving I/O Performance Without Application Modification
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Data Storage Systems; File Systems; High Performance Computing; I/O
ID ASTROPHYSICAL THERMONUCLEAR FLASHES; CODE; MPI
AB Input/Output (I/O) operations can represent a significant proportion of run-time when large scientific applications are run in parallel and at scale. In order to address the growing divergence between processing speeds and I/O performance, the Parallel Log-structured File System (PLFS) has been developed by EMC Corporation and the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to improve the performance of parallel file activities. Currently, PLFS requires the use of either (i) the FUSE Linux Kernel module; (ii) a modified MPI library with a customised ROMIO MPI-IO library; or (iii) an application rewrite to utilise the PLFS API directly.
In this paper we present an alternative method of utilising PLFS in applications. This method employs a dynamic library to intercept the low-level POSIX operations and retarget them to use the equivalents offered by PLFS. We demonstrate our implementation of this approach, named LDPLFS, on a set of standard UNIX tools, as well on as a set of standard parallel I/O intensive mini-applications. The results demonstrate almost equivalent performance to a modified build of ROMIO and improvements over the FUSE-based approach. Furthermore, through our experiments we demonstrate decreased performance in PLFS when ran at scale on the Lustre file system.
C1 [Wright, S. A.; Pennycook, S. J.; Jarvis, S. A.] Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
[Hammond, S. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, CSRI, Scalable Comp Architectures, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Miller, I.; Herdman, J. A.] UK Atom Weapons Estab, Supercomp Solut Ctr, Aldermaston, England.
RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
EM steven.wright@warwick.ac.uk
FU Royal Society through their Industry Fellowship Scheme [IF090020/AM];
AWE and the TSB Knowledge Transfer Partnership [KTP006740]; Energys
National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; [CDK0724]
FX This work is supported in part by The Royal Society through their
Industry Fellowship Scheme (IF090020/AM). The perfor- mance modelling
research is also supported jointly by AWE and the TSB Knowledge Transfer
Partnership, grant number KTP006740. Sandia National Laboratories is a
multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys
National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors would like to thank Matt Ismail and Tony
Arber in the Centre for Scientific Computing at the University of
Warwick for access to the Minerva supercomputer. Access to the LLNL OCF
is made possible through collaboration with the UK Atomic Weapons
Establishment under grants CDK0660 (The Production of Predictive Models
for Future Computing Requirements) and CDK0724 (AWE Tech- nical Outreach
Programme).We are grateful to Scott Futral, Todd Gamblin, Jan Nunes and
the Livermore Computing Team for access to, and p in using, the Sierra
machine located at LLNL. We are also indebted to John Bent at EMC
Corporation, and Meghan Wingate McClelland at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory for t eir expert advice and support concerning PLF
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1352
EP 1359
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.172
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400177
ER
PT S
AU Liu, Y
Jiang, W
Jin, SS
Rice, M
Chen, YS
AF Liu, Yan
Jiang, Wei
Jin, Shuangshuang
Rice, Mark
Chen, Yousu
GP IEEE
TI Distributing Power Grid State Estimation on HPC Clusters A System
Architecture Prototype
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID GENERATION
AB The future power grid is expected to further expand with highly distributed energy sources and smart loads. The increased size and complexity lead to increased burden on existing computational resources in energy control centers. Thus the need to perform real-time assessment on such systems entails efficient means to distribute centralized functions such as state estimation in the power system. In this paper, we present our experience of prototyping a system architecture that connects distributed state estimators individually running parallel programs to solve non-linear estimation procedure. Through our experience, we highlight the needs of integrating the distributed state estimation algorithm with efficient partition and data communication tools so that distributed state estimation has low overhead compared to the centralized solution. We build a test case based on the IEEE 118 bus system and partition the state estimation of the whole system model to available HPC clusters. The measurement from the testbed demonstrates the low overhead of our solution.
C1 [Liu, Yan] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Data Intens Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Jiang, Wei] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH USA.
[Jin, Shuangshuang; Rice, Mark; Chen, Yousu] Pacific Northwest Nat Lab, Elect Power Syst Energy, Richland, WA USA.
RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Data Intens Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM yan.liu@pnnl.gov; jiangwei@cse.ohio-state.edu;
shuangshuang.jin@pnnl.gov; mark.rice@pnnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnnl.gov
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1467
EP 1476
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.183
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400190
ER
PT S
AU Kerbyson, DJ
Rajamony, R
Weems, C
AF Kerbyson, Darren J.
Rajamony, Ram
Weems, Charles
GP IEEE
TI Workshop on Large-Scale Parallel Processing Held in conjunction with
IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
Shanghai, China May 25th, Friday, 2012
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops and PhD Forum-IPDPSW
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS)
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
C1 [Kerbyson, Darren J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Kerbyson, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1659
EP 1660
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.349
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400213
ER
PT S
AU Tautges, TJ
Kraftcheck, JA
Bertram, N
Sachdeva, V
Magerlein, J
AF Tautges, Timothy J.
Kraftcheck, Jason A.
Bertram, Nathan
Sachdeva, Vipin
Magerlein, John
GP IEEE
TI Mesh Interface Resolution and Ghost Exchange in a Parallel Mesh
Representation
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE parallel I/O; unstructured mesh; structured mesh
AB Algorithms are described for the resolution of shared vertices and higher-dimensional interfaces on domain-decomposed parallel mesh, and for ghost exchange between neighboring processors. Performance data is given for large (up to 64M tet and 32M hex element) meshes on up to 16k processors. Shared interface resolution for structured mesh is also described. Small modifications are required to enable the algorithm to match vertices based on geometric location, useful for joining multi-piece meshes; this capability is also demonstrated.
C1 [Tautges, Timothy J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL USA.
[Kraftcheck, Jason A.; Bertram, Nathan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Tautges, TJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Chicago, IL USA.
EM tautges@mcs.anl.gov; kraftcheck@gmail.com; nbertram@wisc.edu;
vsache@us.ibm.com; mager@us.ibm.com
FU U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling &
Simulation (NEAMS); U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Scientific Computing
Research, Office of Science; US Department of Energy's Scientific
Discovery through Advanced Computing program [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of
Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling & Simulation (NEAMS) Program; by the
U.S. Dept. of Energy Office of Scientific Computing Research, Office of
Science; and by the US Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery
through Advanced Computing program, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1670
EP 1679
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.208
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400215
ER
PT S
AU Ji, F
Aji, AM
Dinan, J
Buntinas, D
Balaji, P
Feng, WC
Ma, XS
AF Ji, Feng
Aji, Ashwin M.
Dinan, James
Buntinas, Darius
Balaji, Pavan
Feng, Wu-chun
Ma, Xiaosong
GP IEEE
TI Efficient Intranode Communication in GPU-Accelerated Systems
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID IMPLEMENTATION; MPI
AB Current implementations of MPI are unaware of accelerator memory (i.e., GPU device memory) and require programmers to explicitly move data between memory spaces. This approach is inefficient, especially for intranode communication where it can result in several extra copy operations. In this work, we integrate GPU-awareness into a popular MPI runtime system and develop techniques to significantly reduce the cost of intranode communication involving one or more GPUs. Experiment results show an up to 2x increase in bandwidth, resulting in an average of 4.3% improvement to the total execution time of a halo exchange benchmark.
C1 [Ji, Feng; Ma, Xiaosong] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Aji, Ashwin M.; Feng, Wu-chun] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA.
[Dinan, James; Buntinas, Darius; Balaji, Pavan] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ma, Xiaosong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Ji, F (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM fji@ncsu.edu; aaji@cs.vt.edu; dinan@mcs.anl.gov; buntinas@mcs.anl.gov;
balaji@mcs.anl.gov; feng@cs.vt.edu; ma@cs.ncsu.edu
FU NSF CAREER Award [CNS-0546301]; NSF award [CNS-0915861]; U.S. Department
of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [OCI-0910735]
FX This work has been sponsored in part by an NSF CAREER Award
(CNS-0546301), an NSF award (CNS-0915861), Xiaosong Mas joint
appointment between NCSU and ORNL, and the U.S. Department of Energy
under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research has also used resources
of the Keeneland Computing Facility at the Georgia Institute of
Technology, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under
Contract OCI-0910735.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 1838
EP 1847
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.227
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400236
ER
PT S
AU Song, HM
Jin, H
He, J
Sun, XH
Thakur, R
AF Song, Huaiming
Jin, Hui
He, Jun
Sun, Xian-He
Thakur, Rajeev
GP IEEE
TI A Server-Level Adaptive Data Layout Strategy for Parallel File Systems
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Server-level adaptive data layout; variable stripe size; equal-depth
histogram; data layout optimization; parallel file system
ID WORKLOAD
AB Parallel file systems are widely used for providing a high degree of I/O parallelism to mask the gap between I/O and memory speed. However, peak I/O performance is rarely attained due to complex data access patterns of applications. Based on the observation that the I/O performance of small requests is often limited by the request service rate, and the performance of large requests is limited by I/O bandwidth, we take into consideration both factors and propose a server-level adaptive data layout strategy. The proposed strategy adopts different stripe sizes for different file servers according to the data access characteristics on each individual server. We let the file servers that can fully utilize bandwidth hold more data, and the file servers that are limited with request service rate hold less data. As a result, heavy-load servers can offload some data accesses to light-load servers for potential improvement of I/O performance. We present a method to measure access cost for each data block and then utilize an equal-depth histogram approach to distributed data blocks across multiple servers adaptively, so as to balance data accesses on all file servers. Analytical and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed server-level adaptive layout strategy can improve I/O performance by as much as 80.3% and is more appropriate for applications with complex data access patterns.
C1 [Song, Huaiming] Dawning Informat Ind, Ctr Res & Dev, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
[Jin, Hui; He, Jun; Sun, Xian-He] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
[Thakur, Rajeev] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Song, HM (reprint author), Dawning Informat Ind, Ctr Res & Dev, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
EM songhm@sugon.com; hjin6@iit.edu; jhe24@iit.edu; sun@iit.edu;
thakur@mcs.anl.gov
RI Jin, Hui/H-2398-2012
FU National Science Foundation under NSF [CCF-0621435, CCF-0937877]; Office
of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The authors are thankful to Samuel Lang and Dr. Robert Ross of Argonne
National Laboratory for their constructive and thoughtful suggestions
toward this work. This research was supported in part by National
Science Foundation under NSF grant CCF-0621435 and CCF-0937877, and in
part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of
Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 29
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 2095
EP 2103
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.246
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400269
ER
PT S
AU Chen, J
Joo, B
Watson, W
Edwards, R
AF Chen, Jie
Joo, Balint
Watson, William, III
Edwards, Robert
GP IEEE
TI Automatic Offloading C plus plus Expression Templates to CUDA Enabled
GPUs
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS & PHD FORUM (IPDPSW)
SE IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Workshops
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE GPU; CUDA; JIT; C plus; Expression Templates
AB In the last few years, many scientific applications have been developed for powerful graphics processing units (GPUs) and have achieved remarkable speedups. This success can be partially attributed to high performance host callable GPU library routines that are offloaded to GPUs at runtime. These library routines are based on C/C++-like programming toolkits such as CUDA from NVIDIA and have the same calling signatures as their CPU counterparts. Recently, with the sufficient support of C++ templates from CUDA, the emergence of template libraries have enabled further advancement in code reusability and rapid software development for GPUs. However, Expression Templates (ET), which have been very popular for implementing data parallel scientific software for host CPUs because of their intuitive and mathematics-like syntax, have been underutilized by GPU development libraries. The lack of ET usage is caused by the difficulty of offloading expression templates from hosts to GPUs due to the inability to pass instantiated expressions to GPU kernels as well as the absence of the exact form of the expressions for the templates at the time of coding. This paper presents a general approach that enables automatic offloading of C++ expression templates to CUDA enabled GPUs by using the C++ metaprogramming technique and Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation methodology to generate and compile CUDA kernels for corresponding expression templates followed by executing the kernels with appropriate arguments. This approach allows developers to port applications to run on GPUs with virtually no code modifications. More specifically, this paper uses a large ET based data parallel physics library called QDP++ as an example to illustrate many aspects of the approach to offloading expression templates automatically and to demonstrate very good speedups for typical QDP++ applications running on GPUs against running on CPUs using this method of offloading. In addition, this approach of automatic offloading expression templates could be applied to other many-core accelerators that provide C++ programming toolkits with the support of C++ template.
C1 [Chen, Jie; Joo, Balint; Watson, William, III] Jefferson Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Edwards, Robert] Theroy Ctr, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Chen, J (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM chen@jlab.org; bjoo@jlab.org; watson@jlab.org; edwards@jlab.org
FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177]
FX This work is supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S.
DOE Contract DE-AC05-06OR23177.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 2164-7062
BN 978-0-7695-4676-6
J9 IEEE SYM PARA DISTR
PY 2012
BP 2359
EP 2368
DI 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.293
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCA26
UT WOS:000309409400305
ER
PT S
AU El-Atawy, A
Samak, T
AF El-Atawy, Adel
Samak, Taghrid
BE DeTurck, F
Gaspary, LP
Medhi, D
TI End-to-end Verification of QoS Policies
SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS)
SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
CY APR 16-20, 2012
CL Maui, HI
SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc
ID NETWORKS
AB Configuring a large number of routers and network devices to achieve quality of service (QoS) goals is a challenging task. In a differentiated services (DiffServ) environment, traffic flows are assigned specific classes of service, and service level agreements (SLA) are enforced at routers within each domain. We present a model for QoS configurations that facilitates efficient property-based verification. Network configuration is given as a set of policies governing each device. The model efficiently checks the required properties against the current configuration using computation tree logic (CTL) model checking. By symbolically modeling possible decision paths for different flows from source to destination, properties can be checked at each hop, and assessments can be made on how closely configurations adhere to the specified agreement. The model also covers configuration debugging given a specific QoS violation. Efficiency and scalability of the model are analyzed for policy per-hop behavior (PHB) parameters over large network configurations.
C1 [El-Atawy, Adel] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA USA.
[Samak, Taghrid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP El-Atawy, A (reprint author), Google Inc, Mountain View, CA USA.
EM aelatawy@google.com; tsamak@lbl.gov
OI El-Atawy, Adel/0000-0002-6471-178X
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02- 05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and
Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of
Energy, under contract DEAC02- 05CH11231.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1542-1201
BN 978-1-4673-0268-5
J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER
PY 2012
BP 426
EP 434
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA BCA90
UT WOS:000309517000052
ER
PT S
AU Kissel, E
El-Hassany, A
Fernandes, G
Swany, M
Gunter, D
Samak, T
Schopf, JM
AF Kissel, Ezra
El-Hassany, Ahmed
Fernandes, Guilherme
Swany, Martin
Gunter, Dan
Samak, Taghrid
Schopf, Jennifer M.
BE DeTurck, F
Gaspary, LP
Medhi, D
TI Scalable Integrated Performance Analysis of Multi-Gigabit Networks
SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS)
SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
CY APR 16-20, 2012
CL Maui, HI
SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc
AB Monitoring and managing multi-gigabit networks requires dynamic adaptation to end-to-end performance characteristics. This paper presents a measurement collection and analysis framework that automates the troubleshooting of end-to-end network bottlenecks. We integrate real-time host, application, and network measurements with a common representation (compatible with perfSONAR) within a flexible and scalable architecture. Our measurement architecture is supported by a light-weight eXtensible Session Protocol (XSP), which enables context-sensitive adaptive measurement collection. We evaluate the ability of our system to analyze and detect bottleneck conditions over a series of high-speed and I/O intensive bulk data transfer experiments and find that the overhead of the system is very low and that we are able to detect and understand a variety of bottlenecks.
C1 [Kissel, Ezra] Univ Delaware, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
[El-Hassany, Ahmed; Fernandes, Guilherme; Swany, Martin] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat Comput, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
[Gunter, Dan; Samak, Taghrid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comput Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Schopf, Jennifer M.] Informatics Group, Woods Hole Oceanograp Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
RP Kissel, E (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Sch Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
FU Mathematical, Information; Computational Sciences Division subprogram of
the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science;
U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC0376SF00098, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National
Science Foundation [OCI-0943705]
FX This work was supported in part by the Mathematical, Information, and
Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of
Energy, under contracts DEAC0376SF00098 and DE-AC02-06CH11357, as well
as by the National Science Foundation under grant OCI-0943705. The views
expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily
represent their institutions.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1542-1201
BN 978-1-4673-0268-5
J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER
PY 2012
BP 1227
EP 1233
PG 7
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA BCA90
UT WOS:000309517000180
ER
PT S
AU Samak, T
Gunter, D
Hendrix, V
AF Samak, Taghrid
Gunter, Daniel
Hendrix, Valerie
BE DeTurck, F
Gaspary, LP
Medhi, D
TI Scalable Analysis of Network Measurements with Hadoop and Pig
SO 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS)
SE IEEE IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 13th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium
CY APR 16-20, 2012
CL Maui, HI
SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Commun Soc
AB The deployment of ubiquitous distributed monitoring infrastructure such as perfSONAR is greatly increasing the availability and quality of network performance data. Crosscutting analyses are now possible that can detect anomalies and provide real-time automated alerts to network management services. However, scaling these analyses to the volumes of available data remains a difficult task. Although there is significant research into offline analysis techniques, most of these approaches do not address the systems and scalability issues. This work presents an analysis framework incorporating industry best-practices and tools to perform large-scale analyses. Our framework integrates the expressiveness of Pig, the scalability of Hadoop, and the analysis and visualization capabilities of R to achieve a significant increase in both speed and power of analysis. Evaluation of our framework on a large dataset of real measurements from perfSONAR demonstrate a large speedup and novel statistical capabilities.
C1 [Samak, Taghrid; Gunter, Daniel; Hendrix, Valerie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Samak, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM tsamak@lbl.gov; dkgunter@lbl.gov; vchendrix@lbl.gov
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1542-1201
BN 978-1-4673-0268-5
J9 IEEE IFIP NETW OPER
PY 2012
BP 1254
EP 1259
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Telecommunications
GA BCA90
UT WOS:000309517000184
ER
PT J
AU Kotula, PG
Van Benthem, MH
Sorensen, NR
AF Kotula, Paul G.
Van Benthem, Mark H.
Sorensen, N. Rob
GP IEEE
TI APPLICATION OF FIB/SEM/EDXS TOMOGRAPHIC SPECTRAL IMAGING AND
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO THE ANALYSIS OF LOCALIZED CORROSION
SO 2012 IEEE STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SSP)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Statistical Signal Processing Workshop (SSP)
CY AUG 05-08, 2012
CL Ann Arbor, MI
SP IEEE
ID IMAGES; MICROANALYSIS
AB Tomographic spectral imaging is a powerful technique for the 3D analysis of materials. The present work describes the application of this technique to the analysis of localized corrosion of a connector pin. Implemented via serial sectioning in a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope, electron-excited x-ray spectra were acquired from each voxel in a 3D array. The resultant tomographic spectral image was analyzed in its entirety with Sandia's Automated eXpert Spectral Image Analysis multivariate statistical analysis software. The result of the analysis is a small number of chemical components which describe the 3D phase distribution in the volume of material sampled.
C1 [Kotula, Paul G.; Van Benthem, Mark H.; Sorensen, N. Rob] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Kotula, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011
OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0183-1
PY 2012
BP 672
EP 675
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BCE18
UT WOS:000309943200169
ER
PT J
AU Rattanavarin, S
Sarapukdee, P
Jarujareet, U
Khemthongcharoen, N
Ruangpracha, A
Jolivot, R
Jung, IW
Lopez, D
Mandella, MJ
Piyawattanametha, W
AF Rattanavarin, Santi
Sarapukdee, Pongsak
Jarujareet, Ungkarn
Khemthongcharoen, Numfon
Ruangpracha, Athisake
Jolivot, Romuald
Jung, Il Woong
Lopez, Daniel
Mandella, Michael J.
Piyawattanametha, Wibool
GP IEEE
TI Handheld Multispectral Confocal Microscope for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis
SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN)
CY AUG 06-09, 2012
CL Banff, CANADA
SP nanoAlberta (Alberta Innovates Technol Futures), CMC Microsyst, Alberta Ctr Adv MNT Prod (acamp), Bridger Photon Inc
DE 2D MEMS scanner; cervical cancer; dual axis confocal microscope;
Multispectral
AB We demonstrated a handheld multispectral fluorescence confocal microscope for cervical cancer diagnostic using dual-axis confocal microscope architecture and a microelectromechnical systems scanner. The real time images are acquired with frame rate upto 15 Hz.
C1 [Rattanavarin, Santi; Jarujareet, Ungkarn; Khemthongcharoen, Numfon; Jolivot, Romuald; Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand.
[Sarapukdee, Pongsak; Ruangpracha, Athisake; Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Chulalongkorn Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, Fac Med, Bangkok, Thailand.
[Jung, Il Woong; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL USA.
[Mandella, Michael J.] Stanford Univ, James H Clark Ctr Biomed Engn & Sci, Stanford, CA USA.
RP Rattanavarin, S (reprint author), Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr, Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand.
FU National Research Council; Higher Education Research Promotion &
National Research University Project; Office of the Higher Education
Commission of Thailand [HR1162A, HR1166I]; U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The work is partially supported in part by grants from the National
Research Council, the Higher Education Research Promotion & National
Research University Project, and the Office of the Higher Education
Commission of Thailand (HR1162A and HR1166I).Use of the Center for
Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No.
DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-1513-6
PY 2012
BP 41
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BCE10
UT WOS:000309942400020
ER
PT J
AU Mukhopadhyay, D
Walko, D
Jung, IW
Wang, J
Shenoy, G
Lopez, D
AF Mukhopadhyay, Deepkishore
Walko, Donald
Jung, Il Woong
Wang, Jin
Shenoy, Gopal
Lopez, Daniel
GP IEEE
TI MEMS Micromirror Based X-ray Pulse Modulators
SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN)
CY AUG 06-09, 2012
CL Banff, CANADA
SP nanoAlberta (Alberta Innovates Technol Futures), CMC Microsyst, Alberta Ctr Adv MNT Prod (acamp), Bridger Photon Inc
DE micromirror; X-ray; pulse modulator; torsional; MEMS
AB We describe a MEMS micromirror for modulation of X-ray pulses needed for critical time-resolved process studies of cyclical and far-from-equilibrium phenomena. This MEMS micromirror leverages grazing-angle reflection of X-ray pulses to generate its temporal modulation response. The generated responses are 1.5 mu s wide for 8keV X-rays and have been successfully used to isolate single X-ray pulses separated 1.59 mu s from their suppressed neighboring pulses.
C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Deepkishore; Jung, Il Woong; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Walko, Donald; Wang, Jin; Shenoy, Gopal] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Mukhopadhyay, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM dmukhopadhyay@anl.gov
FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357]
FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory
was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-1513-6
PY 2012
BP 138
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BCE10
UT WOS:000309942400065
ER
PT J
AU Jung, IW
Rattanavarin, S
Sarapukdee, P
Mandella, MJ
Piyawattanametha, W
Lopez, D
AF Jung, Il Woong
Rattanavarin, Santi
Sarapukdee, Pongsak
Mandella, Michael J.
Piyawattanametha, Wibool
Lopez, Daniel
GP IEEE
TI 2-D MEMS Scanner for Handheld Multispectral Confocal Microscopes
SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN)
CY AUG 06-09, 2012
CL Banff, CANADA
SP nanoAlberta (Alberta Innovates Technol Futures), CMC Microsyst, Alberta Ctr Adv MNT Prod (acamp), Bridger Photon Inc
DE micromirror; 2-D MEMS scanner; dual-axis confocal microscopy;
microendoscope; multi-spectral imaging
AB We describe a 2-D MEMS scanner for a handheld multispectral confocal microscope for early detection of cervical cancer. The MEMS scanner has an inner gimbal design with torsional springs separated from the reflectors to reduce light loss while maintaining chip size to 3.25 x 3.25 mm(2). The devices are large-scale batch fabricated using a double layer SOI process. The scanner has electrostatic optical deflection angles of 3.25 degrees for the inner axis at 75V and +/- 1.6 degrees for the outer axis at 60V. The device has resonance frequencies of 2.84kHz and 452Hz for the inner and outer axis torsional modes respectively.
C1 [Jung, Il Woong; Lopez, Daniel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Rattanavarin, Santi; Sarapukdee, Pongsak; Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
[Piyawattanametha, Wibool] Chulalongkorn Univ, Adv Imaging Res Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand.
[Mandella, Michael J.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn & Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Jung, IW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM ijung@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357]; National Research Council,
the Higher Education Research Promotion & National Research University;
Office of the Higher Education Commission of Thailand [HR1162A, HRI166I]
FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under contract No. DE-AC0206CH11357. This work is partially
supported by grants from the National Research Council, the Higher
Education Research Promotion & National Research University Project, and
the Office of the Higher Education Commission of Thailand (HR1162A and
HRI166I).
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-1513-6
PY 2012
BP 238
EP +
PG 2
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA BCE10
UT WOS:000309942400114
ER
PT J
AU Liu, Q
Wang, X
Rao, NSV
AF Liu, Qiang
Wang, Xin
Rao, Nageswara S. V.
GP IEEE
TI Fusion of State Estimates Over Long-haul Sensor Networks Under Random
Delay and Loss
SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference
CY MAR 25-30, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE
DE State estimation; long-haul sensor networks; delay and loss; online
selective fusion; prediction and retrodiction
ID TRACKING
AB Long-haul sensor networks are deployed in a wide range of applications from national security to environmental monitoring. We consider target tracking over a long-haul sensor network, wherein state and covariance estimates are sent from sensors to a fusion center that generates a fused state. Fusion serves as a viable means to improve the estimation performance to meet the system requirement on accuracy and delay. Communications over the long-haul links, such as submarine fibers and satellite links, is subject to long latencies and high loss rates that lead to many lost or out-of-order messages and may significantly degrade the fusion performance. We propose an online selective fuser to combine the received state estimates based on estimated information contribution from the pending data. By concurrently using prediction and retrodiction, the fuser opportunistically makes timely decisions to achieve a balance between accuracy and timeliness of the fused estimate. Simulation results show that our method effectively maintains high levels of fusion performance under various communication delay and loss conditions.
C1 [Liu, Qiang; Wang, Xin] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
[Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Liu, Q (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM qiangliu@ece.sunysb.edu; xwang@ece.sunysb.edu; raons@ornl.gov
OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0775-8
PY 2012
BP 2686
EP 2690
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA BBZ88
UT WOS:000309279502100
ER
PT S
AU Ganni, V
Fesmire, JE
AF Ganni, V.
Fesmire, J. E.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI CRYOGENICS FOR SUPERCONDUCTORS: REFRIGERATION, DELIVERY, AND
PRESERVATION OF THE COLD
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE helium; superconductivity; refrigerator; cryogenic equipment; thermal
insulation; cryogen storage
ID INSULATION MATERIALS; THERMAL PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS
AB Applications in superconductivity have become widespread, enabled by advancements in cryogenic engineering. In this paper, the history of cryogenic refrigeration, its delivery, its preservation and the important scientific and engineering advancements in these areas in the last 100 years will be reviewed, beginning with small laboratory dewars to very large scale systems. The key technological advancements in these areas that enabled the development of superconducting applications at temperatures from 4 to 77 K are identified. Included are advancements in the components used up to the present state-of-the-art in refrigeration systems design. Viewpoints as both an equipment supplier and the end-user with regard to the equipment design and operations will be presented. Some of the present and future challenges in these areas will be outlined. Most of the materials in this paper are a collection of the historical materials applicable to these areas of interest.
C1 [Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Fesmire, J. E.] NASA, Kennedy Space Ctr, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
RP Ganni, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177]
FX The authors would like to express their appreciation and thanks to the
TJNAF management for their support. This work was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23177.
NR 63
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 15
EP 27
DI 10.1063/1.4706901
PG 13
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600001
ER
PT S
AU Darve, C
Bottura, L
Patankar, NA
Van Sciver, SW
AF Darve, C.
Bottura, L.
Patankar, N. A.
Van Sciver, S. W.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI A METHOD FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SUPERFLUID HELIUM
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Superfluid Helium; Numerical Simulation
AB Superfluid helium Transport phenomena can be described using the two-fluid Landau-Khalatnikov model and the Gorter-Mellink mutual friction. We have continued our previous work devoted to the formulation of a system of equations to describe the heat and mass transport in superfluid helium, and its numerical solution. The main advantage of the approach proposed is that it yields explicitly pressure and temperature as system variables, which can be used to stabilize the numerical solution. In the paper we describe the numerical implementation of the method proposed, and first results on simple test cases that prove the stability and convergence of the procedure.
C1 [Darve, C.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
[Darve, C.; Patankar, N. A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60555 USA.
[Bottura, L.] European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
[Van Sciver, S. W.] Natl High Magnet Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
RP Darve, C (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RI Patankar, Neelesh/B-7603-2009
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 247
EP 254
DI 10.1063/1.4706927
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600027
ER
PT S
AU Knoll, D
Willen, D
Fesmire, J
Johnson, W
Smith, J
Meneghelli, B
Demko, J
George, D
Fowler, B
Huber, P
AF Knoll, D.
Willen, D.
Fesmire, J.
Johnson, W.
Smith, J.
Meneghelli, B.
Demko, J.
George, D.
Fowler, B.
Huber, P.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI EVALUATING CRYOSTAT PERFORMANCE FOR NAVAL APPLICATIONS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Cryostat; Multilayer insulation (MLI); Thermal performance
AB The Navy intends to use High Temperature Superconducting Degaussing (HTSDG) coil systems on future Navy platforms. The Navy Metalworking Center (NMC) is leading a team that is addressing cryostat configuration and manufacturing issues associated with fabricating long lengths of flexible, vacuum-jacketed cryostats that meet Navy shipboard performance requirements. The project includes provisions to evaluate the reliability performance, as well as proofing of fabrication techniques. Navy cryostat performance specifications include less than 1 Wm(-1) heat loss, 2 MPa working pressure, and a 25-year vacuum life. Cryostat multilayer insulation (MLI) systems developed on the project have been validated using a standardized cryogenic test facility and implemented on 5-meterlong test samples. Performance data from these test samples, which were characterized using both LN2 boiloff and flow-through measurement techniques, will be presented.
NMC is working with an Integrated Project Team consisting of Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division, Southwire Company, nkt cables, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), ASRC Aerospace, and NASA Kennedy Space Center (NASA-KSC) to complete these efforts.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This material is submitted with the understanding that right of reproduction for governmental purposes is reserved for the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia 22203-1995.
C1 [Knoll, D.] Southwire Co, 1 Southwire Dr, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA.
[Willen, D.] Nkt Cables, DK-2605 Brondby, Denmark.
[Fesmire, J.; Johnson, W.; Smith, J.] NASA, Cryogen Test Lab, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Meneghelli, B.] ASRC Aerosp, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL 32899 USA.
[Demko, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[George, D.; Fowler, B.; Huber, P.] Concurrent Technol Corp, Johnstown, PA 15904 USA.
RP Knoll, D (reprint author), Southwire Co, 1 Southwire Dr, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA.
FU NMC, Concurrent Technologies Corporation [N00014-06-D-0048]; U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
Reliability [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC
FX This work was conducted by NMC, operated by Concurrent Technologies
Corporation under contract number N00014-06-D-0048 to the Office of
Naval Research as part of the U.S. Navy Manufacturing Technology
Program. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.;
Research partially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and
Conductors Program, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with
UT-Battelle, LLC.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 265
EP 272
DI 10.1063/1.4706929
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600029
ER
PT S
AU Demko, JA
Hassenzahl, WV
AF Demko, J. A.
Hassenzahl, W. V.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI LIQUID AIR AS A COOLANT FOR THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF LONG-LENGTH HTS CABLE
SYSTEMS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Superconducting cables; cryogenics; low temperature equipment
AB Direct current (dc), high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems have been suggested as an effective method of transmitting very large amounts of electric power (up to 10 GW) over very long distances (thousands of kilometers). This is made possible mainly by the high-current-carrying capability of the HTS materials when operated below their critical temperatures and by their near zero resistance to constant current. Most HTS cable concepts rely on liquid nitrogen or gaseous helium as the coolant. As an alternative, liquid air offers certain benefits and is discussed here as a cable system coolant. Air has a lower freezing temperature than nitrogen, it can be produced locally, and a liquid air leak will not displace the oxygen in a closed compartment. The dc cable design concept proposed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in which the coolant flows in a cryogenic enclosure that includes the cable and a separate return tube, and refrigeration stations positioned every 10 to 20 km is assumed for this analysis. Both go and return lines are contained in a single vacuum envelope. The thermal management of this superconducting cable concept with liquid air in long-distance HTS power cables is developed in this paper. The results are compared to the use of liquid nitrogen, gaseous helium and gaseous hydrogen.
C1 [Demko, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Hassenzahl, W. V.] Adv Energy Analys, Las Vegas, NV 89183 USA.
RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
Reliability [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC.; EPRI
[EPP35856-C16271]
FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Advanced Cables and
Conductors Program, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with
UT-Battelle, LLC, and by EPRI under contract No. EPP35856-C16271.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 273
EP 282
DI 10.1063/1.4706930
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600030
ER
PT S
AU Demko, JA
AF Demko, J. A.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COUNTERFLOW COOLING USING A TEST LOOP TO SIMULATE
THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A HTS CABLE SYSTEM
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Superconducting cables; cryogenics; refrigerators
AB The counterflow cooling configuration is a compact, efficient, and relatively low cost thermal management approach for long-length HTS cable systems. In the counter-flow cooling configuration the coolant flow, typically liquid nitrogen, is initially supplied through the center of the cable turning around at the far end of the cable and returning through the annular space between the cable and the inner cryostat wall, using a single cryostat. The temperature distributions along the cable and the nitrogen flow streams are extremely difficult to measure in an operating HTS cable because of the issues associated with installing thermometers on high voltage components. A 5-meter long test loop has been built that simulates a counter-flow cooled, HTS cable using a heated metal tube to simulate the cable. The test loop contains calibrated thermometers to measure the temperature distribution along the tube and the return liquid nitrogen stream. Measured temperature distributions in the return flow stream and along the tube wall for varying flow rates and heating conditions to simulate a HTS cable are presented and discussed.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 283
EP 290
DI 10.1063/1.4706931
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600031
ER
PT S
AU Aguayo, E
Fast, JE
Reid, DJ
AF Aguayo, E.
Fast, J. E.
Reid, D. J.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI DESIGN OF A THERMOSIPHON FOR COOLING LOW-BACKGROUND HPGE ARRAYS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE low-background; thermal conductivity; radiation detection; thermosiphon
AB A two-phase nitrogen thermosiphon was developed for the new generation of low-background high-purity germanium (HPGe) arrays. The cooling system for these arrays has to be able to handle the heat load (>20 W) presented by a large detector mass while meeting stringent requirements necessary for low-background systems. The HPGe detector modules should operate as close to liquid nitrogen temperature (<80K) as possible to provide adequate operating conditions for a full range of HPGe impurity concentrations. In addition, exceptional temperature stability (<1 K) is needed to reduce electronic gain shifts due to changes in the front-end electronics operating temperature. In order to meet the background requirements of state-of-the-art systems these arrays are enclosed in passive lead and copper shielding up to 1 m thick. In this paper we present a cooling system for low-background experiments that complies with these stringent geometrical restrictions. Active cooling was integrated via a horizontal thermosiphon that can be fabricated using ultra-pure electroformed copper. It was charged with nitrogen to 434 kPa (63 PSIA) at 292 K, which provided a fill ratio of 10%. The results showed that the thermosiphon can effectively remove in excess of 25 W of heat load.
C1 [Aguayo, E.; Fast, J. E.; Reid, D. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Aguayo, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 425
EP 432
DI 10.1063/1.4706948
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600048
ER
PT S
AU DeGraff, BD
Ganster, G
Klebaner, A
Petrov, AD
Soyars, WM
AF DeGraff, B. D.
Ganster, G.
Klebaner, A.
Petrov, A. D.
Soyars, W. M.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI SRF TEST AREAS CRYOGENIC SYSTEM CONTROLS GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE New Muon Lab; Meson Detector Building; Synoptic; Control System;
Graphical User Interface
AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has constructed a superconducting 1.3 GHz cavity test facility at Meson Detector Building (MDB) and an Advanced Accelerator Research Center (AARD) located at the New Muon Lab Building (NML). The control of these superfluid cryogenic systems is accomplished by using a Synoptic graphical user interface (GUI) to interact with the underlying Fermilab Accelerator Control System. The design, testing and operational experience of employing the Synoptic client-server system for graphical representation will be discussed. Details on the Synoptic deployment to the MDB and NML cryogenic sub-systems will also be discussed.
C1 [DeGraff, B. D.; Ganster, G.; Klebaner, A.; Petrov, A. D.; Soyars, W. M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP DeGraff, BD (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 485
EP 490
DI 10.1063/1.4706955
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600055
ER
PT S
AU White, MJ
Brueck, HD
Wang, XL
AF White, M. J.
Brueck, H. D.
Wang, X. L.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI NUMERICAL MODEL FOR CONDUCTION-COOLED CURRENT LEAD HEAT LOADS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Current lead; heat load
AB Current leads are utilized to deliver electrical power from a room temperature junction mounted on the vacuum vessel to a superconducting magnet located within the vacuum space of a cryostat. There are many types of current leads used at laboratories throughout the world; however, conduction-cooled current leads are often chosen for their simplicity and reliability. Conduction-cooled leads have the advantage of using common materials, have no superconducting/normal state transition, and have no boil-off vapor to collect. The XFEL (X-Ray Free Electron Laser) magnets are operated at 2 K, which makes vapor-cooled current leads impractical due to the sub-atmospheric bath pressure.
This paper presents a numerical model for conduction-cooled current lead heat loads. This model takes into account varying material and fluid thermal properties, varying thicknesses along the length of the lead, heat transfer in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, electrical power dissipation, and the effect of thermal intercepts. The model is validated by comparing the numerical model results to ideal cases where analytical equations are valid. The models are compared using the geometry and operating conditions for the XFEL prototype current leads.
C1 [White, M. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Brueck, H. D.; Wang, X. L.] Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
RP White, MJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
FU Fermi Research Alliance; LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States
Department of Energy and by DESY
FX Special thanks to Arkadiy Klebaner of FNAL and Bernd Petersen of DESY
for organizing this collaborative project. Work supported by Fermi
Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the
United States Department of Energy and by DESY.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 565
EP 572
DI 10.1063/1.4706965
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600065
ER
PT S
AU Green, MA
Wang, ST
AF Green, M. A.
Wang, S. T.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI TESTS OF COPPER AND HTS LEADS WITH A TWO-STAGE PULSE TUBE DROP-IN COOLER
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Pulse Tube Coolers; HTS Leads; Cu Leads from Room Temperature
AB LBNL has observed that the heat leak is often excessive in magnets cooled using small coolers. One of the sources of excessive heat has been the leads that carry current into the magnet. By running a cooler test that combines the copper and HTS leads with a cooler, we are able to better understand the copper lead performance and its effect on the cooler performance. When a single PT-415 cooler was tested with a pair of the leads that was actually used in an LBNL magnet, the heat flow at design current was much larger than expected. The heat leak with no current in the leads was less than expected. The IL/A of the copper leads used in the magnet was too high. Leads with a much lower IL/A were tested with improved results. The cooler and lead tests also showed the importance of reducing the total temperature drop between the top of the HTS leads and the cooler first stage. The test also measured the voltage drop across the copper leads, the HTS leads and the LTS lead splices used in the test. As a result, the design of leads future magnets that are cooled using small coolers is improved.
C1 [Green, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Wang, S. T.] Wang NMR Incorp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
FU US-DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work is also supported by the Office of Science, US-DOE under DOE
contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 581
EP 588
DI 10.1063/1.4706967
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600067
ER
PT S
AU Green, MA
Virostek, SP
AF Green, M. A.
Virostek, S. P.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI USING A SINGLE-STAGE GM COOLER TO AUGMENT THE COOLING OF THE SHIELDS AND
LEADS OF A MAGNET COOLED WITH TWO-STAGE COOLERS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Pulse Tube Coolers; Single-stage GM Cooler; HTS Leads
ID FIELD
AB The temperature of a superconducting magnet shield and the tops of HTS leads for that magnet are determined by the heat flow into the first-stages of two-stage coolers used to cool the magnet. When the heat flow into the cooler first-stages is excessive, the shield and cold mass intercept temperature may be too high. This can lead to a failure of the HTS lead. If the heat flow into the shield and the HTS leads is too high, one can remove the excess heat using a single stage cooler. A test of a MICE spectrometer solenoid cooled with three two-stage pulse tube coolers in 2009 demonstrated what happens when the heat loads into the pulse tube cooler first-stages were excessive. One result was that the HTS lead furthest from the three pulse tube coolers burned out. LBNL added a single stage GM cooler at the end of the lead string furthest from the pulse tube coolers. The copper leads from room temperature were replaced with more efficient leads. The combination of the two changes reduced the pulse tube cooler first stage temperature, the lead temperature, and the temperature of the magnet shield.
C1 [Green, M. A.; Virostek, S. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 589
EP 596
DI 10.1063/1.4706968
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600068
ER
PT S
AU Hansen, BJ
White, MJ
Klebaner, A
AF Hansen, B. J.
White, M. J.
Klebaner, A.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI PLATE FIN HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL WITH AXIAL CONDUCTION AND VARIABLE
PROPERTIES
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Plate-Fin; Heat Exchanger; Axial Conduction; Numerical Model;
Superfluid; Helium; Cryogenic
AB Future superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, as part of Project X at Fermilab, will be cooled to superfluid helium temperatures by a cryogenic distribution system supplying cold supercritical helium. To reduce vapor fraction during the final Joule-Thomson (J-T) expansion into the superfluid helium cooling bath, counter-flow, plate-fin heat exchangers are an effective option. However, the design of compact and high-effectiveness cryogenic heat exchangers operating at liquid helium temperatures requires consideration of axial heat conduction along the direction of flow, in addition to variable fluid properties. Here we present a numerical model that includes the effects of axial conduction and variable properties for a plate fin heat exchanger. The model is used to guide design decisions on heat exchanger material choice and geometry. In addition, the J-T expansion process is modeled with the heat exchanger to analyze the effect of heat load and cryogenic supply parameters.
C1 [Hansen, B. J.; White, M. J.; Klebaner, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Hansen, BJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 615
EP 622
DI 10.1063/1.4706971
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600071
ER
PT S
AU Barzi, E
Lombardo, V
Nobrega, A
Turrioni, D
Yamada, R
Zlobin, AV
Karppinen, M
AF Barzi, E.
Lombardo, V.
Nobrega, A.
Turrioni, D.
Yamada, R.
Zlobin, A. V.
Karppinen, M.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI Nb3Sn CABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE 11 T DIPOLE DEMONSTRATION MODEL
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Rutherford cable; Nb3Sn; subelement; stability
ID STRANDS
AB Fermilab (FNAL) and CERN have started the development of 11 T 11-m long Nb3Sn dipoles to replace a number of LHC NbTi dipoles and free space for cold collimators in the LHC DS areas. An important step in the design of these magnets is the development of the high aspect ratio Nb3Sn cable to achieve the nominal field of 11 T at the nominal LHC operating current of 11.85 kA at 1.9 K with 20% margin. Keystoned cables with 40 and 41 strands with and without a stainless steel core were made out of hard Cu wires and Nb3Sn RRP strand of 0.7 mm nominal diameter. The cable optimization process was aimed at achieving both mechanical stability and minimal damage to the delicate internal architecture of the Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) Nb3Sn strands with 127 restack design to be used in the magnet short models. Each cable was characterized electrically for transport properties degradation at high field and for low field stability, and metallographically for internal damage.
C1 [Barzi, E.; Lombardo, V.; Nobrega, A.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Karppinen, M.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
RP Barzi, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
FU Fermi Research Alliance; LLC with the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-07CH11359]
FX This work was supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract
NO. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors
thank M. Bossert and A. Rusy for technical assistance during cable
fabrication, test and analysis.
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 641
EP 648
DI 10.1063/1.4706974
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600074
ER
PT S
AU Salmi, T
Ambrosio, G
Caspi, S
Chlachidze, G
Dhalle, MMJ
Felice, H
Ferracin, P
Marchevsky, M
Sabbi, G
ten Kate, HHJ
AF Salmi, T.
Ambrosio, G.
Caspi, S.
Chlachidze, G.
Dhalle, M. M. J.
Felice, H.
Ferracin, P.
Marchevsky, M.
Sabbi, Gl.
ten Kate, H. H. J.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI QUENCH PROTECTION CHALLENGES IN LONG Nb3Sn ACCELERATOR MAGNETS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE niobium-tin magnets; quench protection; protection heaters
AB The quench protection of the several meter long, large aperture high-field Nb3Sn quadrupoles that the LARP collaboration is developing for the LHC interaction region upgrade, requires efficient protection heaters to quickly generate large resistive segments across the windings. To support the protection design, experiments in the recently tested LARP R&D magnets are aimed to characterize the coil response to different protection schemes. In particular, the delay to quench and the final hotspot temperatures are evaluated after firing the heaters at different powering regimes and coverage. Also, the contribution of external energy extraction is investigated. Based on the performed studies and computer simulations, it seems that if the same protection efficiency per unit length that is measured in a 1 m long model magnet can be scaled to a 3.6 m long magnet, and the heater coverage can be improved, about 1 MJ/m of stored energy can be absorbed in the magnet after a quench. However, significant technology developments are needed to scale the protection heater efficiency to longer magnets and to increase the coverage.
C1 [Salmi, T.; Caspi, S.; Felice, H.; Ferracin, P.; Marchevsky, M.; Sabbi, Gl.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Ambrosio, G.; Chlachidze, G.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Salmi, T.; Dhalle, M. M. J.; ten Kate, H. H. J.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
RP Salmi, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 656
EP 663
DI 10.1063/1.4706976
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600076
ER
PT S
AU Knudsen, P
Ganni, V
Than, R
AF Knudsen, P.
Ganni, V.
Than, R.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI OPTIONS FOR CRYOGENIC LOAD COOLING WITH FORCED FLOW HELIUM CIRCULATION
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE helium; refrigerator; forced flow
AB Cryogenic pumps designed to circulate super-critical helium are commonly deemed necessary in many super-conducting magnet and other cooling applications. Acknowledging that these pumps are often located at the coldest temperature levels, their use introduces risks associated with the reliability of additional rotating machinery and an additional load on the refrigeration system. However, as it has been successfully demonstrated, this objective can be accomplished without using these pumps by the refrigeration system, resulting in lower system input power and improved reliability to the overall cryogenic system operations. In this paper we examine some trade-offs between using these pumps vs. using the refrigeration system directly with examples of processes that have used these concepts successfully and eliminated using such pumps.
C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Than, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX The authors would like to express their appreciation and thanks to the
TJNAF and BNL management for their support. This work was supported by
Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under the U.S. Department of Energy
contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23177, and by Brookhaven Science Associates,
LLC under the U.S. Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 790
EP 799
DI 10.1063/1.4706992
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600092
ER
PT S
AU Knudsen, P
Ganni, V
AF Knudsen, P.
Ganni, V.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI PROCESS OPTIONS FOR NOMINAL 2-K HELIUM REFRIGERATION SYSTEM DESIGNS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE helium; refrigeration; 2 K process; sub-atmospheric process; cycles;
efficiency
AB Nominal 2-K helium refrigeration systems are frequently used for superconducting radio frequency and magnet string technologies used in accelerators. This paper examines the trade-offs and approximate performance of four basic types of processes used for the refrigeration of these technologies; direct vacuum pumping on a helium bath, direct vacuum pumping using full or partial refrigeration recovery, cold compression, and hybrid compression (i.e., a blend of cold and warm sub-atmospheric compression).
C1 [Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Knudsen, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 800
EP 813
DI 10.1063/1.4706993
PG 14
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600093
ER
PT S
AU Ganni, V
Knudsen, P
AF Ganni, V.
Knudsen, P.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI RESPONSE TO REMARKS REGARDING THE OPTIMAL DESIGN AND OPERATION OF HELIUM
REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE helium; cycles; refrigerator; efficiency
AB This paper is offered as a response to the remarks regarding [1], as given in [2].
C1 [Ganni, V.; Knudsen, P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Ganni, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 832
EP 834
DI 10.1063/1.4706997
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600097
ER
PT S
AU Ballard, J
Biallas, G
Brindza, P
Carstens, T
Creel, J
Egiyan, H
Martin, F
Qiang, Y
Spiegel, S
Stevens, M
Wissmann, M
Wolin, E
AF Ballard, J.
Biallas, G.
Brindza, P.
Carstens, T.
Creel, J.
Egiyan, H.
Martin, F.
Qiang, Y.
Spiegel, S.
Stevens, M.
Wissmann, M.
Wolin, E.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI REFURBISHMENT AND TESTING OF THE 1970'S ERA LASS SOLENOID COILS FOR
JLAB'S HALL D
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE refurbish; repair; solenoid; magnet; test; 10CFR851; leak; short
AB Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) refurbished the Large Aperture Solenoid Spectrometer (LASS) [1], 1.85 m bore solenoid, consisting of four superconducting coils to act as the principal analysis magnet for nuclear physics in the newly constructed, Hall D at JLab for the Glue Excitations Experiment (GlueX) [2]. The coils, built in 1971 at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and used a second time for the Muon decays into Electron and GAmma ray (MEGA) Experiment [3] at Los Alamos, had electrical shorts and leaks to the insulating vacuum along with deteriorated superinsulation and instrumentation. Root cause diagnosis of the problems and the repair methods are described along with the measures used to qualify the vessels and piping within the Laboratory's Pressure Safety Program (mandated by 10CFR851). The extraordinary refrigerator operational methods used to utilize the obsolete cryogenic apparatus gathered for the off-line, single coil tests are described.
C1 [Ballard, J.; Biallas, G.; Brindza, P.; Carstens, T.; Creel, J.; Egiyan, H.; Martin, F.; Qiang, Y.; Spiegel, S.; Stevens, M.; Wissmann, M.; Wolin, E.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Ballard, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 861
EP 868
DI 10.1063/1.4707001
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600101
ER
PT S
AU Bossert, R
Ambrosio, G
Andreev, N
Barzi, E
Chlachidze, G
Kashikhin, VV
Lamm, M
Nobrega, A
Novitski, I
Orris, D
Tartaglia, M
Turrioni, D
Yamada, R
Zlobin, AV
AF Bossert, R.
Ambrosio, G.
Andreev, N.
Barzi, E.
Chlachidze, G.
Kashikhin, V. V.
Lamm, M.
Nobrega, A.
Novitski, I.
Orris, D.
Tartaglia, M.
Turrioni, D.
Yamada, R.
Zlobin, A. V.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI FABRICATION AND TEST OF 4M LONG Nb3SN QUADRUPOLE COIL MADE OF
RRP-114/127 STRAND
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Quadrupole coil; magnetic mirror; magnet test
ID LARP
AB Fermilab is collaborating with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) within the US-LHC Accelerator Research Project (US-LARP collaboration) to develop a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade. Several two-layer quadrupole models of the 1-meter and 3.4-meter length with 90 mm apertures have been fabricated and tested by the US-LARP collaboration. High-Jc Nb3Sn RRP-54/61 strand was used for nearly all models. Large flux jumps typical for this strand, due to the large sub-element diameter, limited magnet quench performance at temperatures below 2.5-3K. This paper summarizes the fabrication and test by Fermilab of LQM01, a long quadrupole coil test structure (quadrupole mirror) with the first 3.4 m quadrupole coil made of more stable RRP-114/127 strand. The coil and structure are fully instrumented with voltage taps, full bridge strain gauges and strip heaters to monitor preload, thermal properties and quench behavior. Measurements during fabrication are reported, including preload during the yoke welding process. Testing is done at 4.5 K, 1.9 K and a range of intermediate temperatures. The test results include magnet strain and quench performance during training, as well as quench studies of current ramp rate and temperature dependence from 1.9 K to 4.5 K.
C1 [Bossert, R.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Chlachidze, G.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Lamm, M.; Nobrega, A.; Novitski, I.; Orris, D.; Tartaglia, M.; Turrioni, D.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Bossert, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 869
EP 876
DI 10.1063/1.4707002
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600102
ER
PT S
AU Sun, E
Brindza, P
Lassiter, S
Fowler, M
AF Sun, E.
Brindza, P.
Lassiter, S.
Fowler, M.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI CRYOGENIC SYSTEM DESIGN OF 11 GEV/C SUPER HIGH MOMENTUM SPECTROMETER
SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS AT JEFFERSON LAB
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Cryogenic system; pressure vessel; pressure piping; Charpy V-notch
impact testing; base metal; heat affected zone; elastic-plastic stress
analysis; heat load
AB The design of the cryogenic system for the 11 GeV/c Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) is presented. A description of the cryogenic control reservoir and the cryogenic transfer line is given. Details of the cryogenic control reservoirs, cryogenic transfer lines, and pressure piping are summarized. Code compliance is ensured through following the requirements of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code and Pressure Piping Code. An elastic-plastic-analysis-based combined safety factor approach is proposed to meet the low stress requirement of ASME 2007 Section VIII, Division 2 so that Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing can be avoided through analysis. Material toughness requirements in ASME 2007 Section VIII, Division 2 are adopted as CVN impact testing rules of stainless steel 304 piping at 4.2 K and 77 K. A formula-based combined safety factor approach for pressure piping is also proposed to check whether the impact testing can be avoided due to low stress. Analysis and calculation have shown that no CVN impact testing of base metal and heat affected zones is required for the helium reservoir, nitrogen reservoir, and their relevant piping. Total heat loads to liquid helium and liquid nitrogen are studied also. The total heat load to LHe for SHMS is estimated to be 137 W, and the total load to LN2 is calculated to be 420 W.
C1 [Sun, E.; Brindza, P.; Lassiter, S.; Fowler, M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Sun, E (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 877
EP 884
DI 10.1063/1.4707003
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600103
ER
PT S
AU Nicol, TH
Kashikhin, VV
Page, TM
Peterson, TJ
AF Nicol, T. H.
Kashikhin, V. V.
Page, T. M.
Peterson, T. J.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI MU2E PRODUCTION SOLENOID CRYOSTAT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE cryostat; solenoid; superconducting magnet; thermal siphon
AB Mu2e is a muon-to-electron conversion experiment being designed by an international collaboration of more than 65 scientists and engineers from more than 20 research institutions for installation at Fermilab. The experiment is comprised of three large superconducting solenoid magnet systems, production solenoid (PS), transport solenoid (TS) and detector solenoid (DS). A 25 kW, 8 GeV proton beam strikes a target located in the PS creating muons from the decay of secondary particles. These muons are then focused in the PS and the resultant muon beam is transported through the TS towards the DS. The production solenoid presents a unique set of design challenges as the result of high radiation doses, stringent magnetic field requirements, and large structural forces. This paper describes the conceptual design of the PS cryostat and will include discussions of the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, multi-layer insulation, cooling system, cryogenic piping, and suspension system.
C1 [Nicol, T. H.; Kashikhin, V. V.; Page, T. M.; Peterson, T. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Nicol, TH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 2
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 885
EP 892
DI 10.1063/1.4707004
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600104
ER
PT S
AU Kashikhin, VV
Ambrosio, G
Andreev, N
Lamm, M
Mokhov, NV
Nicol, TH
Page, TM
Pronskikh, VS
AF Kashikhin, V. V.
Ambrosio, G.
Andreev, N.
Lamm, M.
Mokhov, N. V.
Nicol, T. H.
Page, T. M.
Pronskikh, V. S.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE MU2E PRODUCTION SOLENOID COLD MASS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Superconducting magnet; solenoid; cryostat
AB The Muon-to-Electron conversion experiment (Mu2e), under development at Fermilab, seeks to detect direct muon to electron conversion to provide evidence for a process violating muon and electron lepton number conservation that cannot be explained by the Standard Model of particle physics.
The required magnetic field is produced by a series of superconducting solenoids. This paper describes the conceptual design of the 5 T, 4 m long solenoid cold mass with 1.67 m bore with the emphasis on the magnetic, radiation and thermal analyses.
C1 [Kashikhin, V. V.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Lamm, M.; Mokhov, N. V.; Nicol, T. H.; Page, T. M.; Pronskikh, V. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Kashikhin, VV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 893
EP 900
DI 10.1063/1.4707005
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600105
ER
PT S
AU Fuerst, JD
Doose, C
Hasse, Q
Ivanyushenkov, Y
Kasa, M
Moog, ER
Pfotenhauer, JM
Potratz, DC
Skiadopoulos, D
Syrovatin, VM
Trakhtenberg, EM
AF Fuerst, J. D.
Doose, C.
Hasse, Q.
Ivanyushenkov, Y.
Kasa, M.
Moog, E. R.
Pfotenhauer, J. M.
Potratz, D. C.
Skiadopoulos, D.
Syrovatin, V. M.
Trakhtenberg, E. M.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI CRYOSTAT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT FOR A SUPERCONDUCTING UNDULATOR FOR THE
APS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE APS; cryogenics; cryostat; cryocooler; superconducting magnet; undulator
AB The Advanced Photon Source (APS) upgrade project at Argonne National Laboratory includes the implementation of superconducting undulator insertion devices. A development program is under way to build, test, and operate a prototype device in the storage ring. We present the overall design concept including superconducting magnet structure, cryocooler-based cooling system, and cryostat as well as a status report on the R&D program. Results of cryocooler performance characterization using a model magnet in a test cryostat are described.
C1 [Fuerst, J. D.; Doose, C.; Hasse, Q.; Ivanyushenkov, Y.; Kasa, M.; Moog, E. R.; Potratz, D. C.; Skiadopoulos, D.; Trakhtenberg, E. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Pfotenhauer, J. M.; Potratz, D. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Skiadopoulos, D.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
RP Fuerst, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 6
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 901
EP 908
DI 10.1063/1.4707006
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600106
ER
PT S
AU Ohuchi, N
Arkan, T
Barbanotti, S
Carter, H
Kerby, J
Nakai, H
Pagani, C
Peterson, TJ
Pierini, P
Tsuchiya, K
Yamamoto, A
Zong, Z
AF Ohuchi, N.
Arkan, T.
Barbanotti, S.
Carter, H.
Kerby, J.
Nakai, H.
Pagani, C.
Peterson, T. J.
Pierini, P.
Tsuchiya, K.
Yamamoto, A.
Zong, Z.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI STUDY OF THERMAL RADIATION SHIELDS FOR THE ILC CRYOMODULE
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE ILC cryomodule; 5 K thermal shield; thermal radiation
AB The main linacs of the International Linear Collider are composed of 1824 cryomodules. As part of the R&D on the cryomodule, simplifications of the design were considered to reduce the construction and installation costs, including the possibility of removing a portion of the 5 K thermal shield. For this investigation the heat load measurements of a 6 meter cryomodule with and without the 5 K shield were performed, and used to determine emissivity coefficients. A thermal model of a full cryomodule was then created, and the heat loads of the cryomodule with the full set of the 5 K shield and without the lower 5 K shield were calculated with these parameters. By using a modified cooling scheme for the high temperature thermal shielding, we showed that the heat loads at 2 K between two models are substantially equivalent, and indeed, the thermal model without the 5 K lower shield requires 2% less work from the refrigerator.
C1 [Ohuchi, N.; Nakai, H.; Tsuchiya, K.; Yamamoto, A.; Zong, Z.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Arkan, T.; Barbanotti, S.; Carter, H.; Kerby, J.; Peterson, T. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Pagani, C.; Pierini, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl LASA, I-20090 Milan, Italy.
RP Ohuchi, N (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
RI Pierini, Paolo/J-3555-2012
OI Pierini, Paolo/0000-0002-3062-6181
NR 8
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 929
EP 936
DI 10.1063/1.4707009
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600109
ER
PT S
AU Kedzie, M
Conway, ZA
Fuerst, JD
Gerbick, SM
Kelly, MP
Morgan, J
Ostroumov, PN
O'Toole, M
Shepard, KW
AF Kedzie, M.
Conway, Z. A.
Fuerst, J. D.
Gerbick, S. M.
Kelly, M. P.
Morgan, J.
Ostroumov, P. N.
O'Toole, M.
Shepard, K. W.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SRF CAVITY CRYOMODULE FOR THE ATLAS
INTENSITY UPGRADE
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE ATLAS heavy ion linac; cryomodule; superconducting rf cavity
AB The ATLAS heavy ion linac at Argonne National Laboratory is undergoing an intensity upgrade that includes the development and implementation of a new cryomodule containing four superconducting solenoids and seven quarter-wave drift-tube-loaded superconducting rf cavities. The rf cavities extend the state of the art for this class of structure and feature ASME code stamped stainless steel liquid helium containment vessels. The cryomodule design is a further evolution of techniques recently implemented in a previous upgrade [1]. We provide a status report on the construction effort and describe the vacuum vessel, thermal shield, cold mass support and alignment, and other subsystems including couplers and tuners. Cavity mechanical design is also reviewed.
C1 [Kedzie, M.; Conway, Z. A.; Fuerst, J. D.; Gerbick, S. M.; Kelly, M. P.; Morgan, J.; Ostroumov, P. N.; O'Toole, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Shepard, K. W.] TechSource Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
RP Kedzie, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX y This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 937
EP 944
DI 10.1063/1.4707010
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600110
ER
PT S
AU Pogue, NJ
McIntyre, PM
Sattarov, A
Reece, C
AF Pogue, N. J.
McIntyre, P. M.
Sattarov, A.
Reece, C.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI MEASUREMENT OF THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF HIGH-PURITY SAPPHIRE AT
1.865 GHZ FROM 2-10 KELVIN
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE sapphire; SRF cavity; TE mode; loss tangent; and heat capacity
AB A dielectric test cavity was designed and tested to measure the microwave dielectric properties of ultrapure sapphire at cryogenic temperatures. Measurements were performed by placing a large cylindrical crystal of sapphire in a Nb superconducting cavity operating in the TE01 mode at 1.865 GHz. The dielectric constant, heat capacity, and loss tangent were all calculated using experimental data and RF modeling software. The motivation for these measurements was to determine if such a sapphire could be used as a dielectric lens to focus the magnetic field onto a sample wafer in a high field wafer test cavity. The measured properties have been used to finalize the design of the wafer test cavity.
C1 [Pogue, N. J.; McIntyre, P. M.; Sattarov, A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
[Reece, C.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Pogue, NJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
OI Reece, Charles/0000-0003-1939-8699
FU Department of Energy [DEFG0210ER41650]
FX This work is supported by the Department of Energy Grant
#DEFG0210ER41650. We thank all the technicians and scientists at
Jefferson Lab for their assistance in completing this project.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 945
EP 952
DI 10.1063/1.4707011
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600111
ER
PT S
AU Valderrama, E
James, C
Krishnan, M
Zhao, X
Phillips, L
Reece, C
Seo, K
AF Valderrama, E.
James, C.
Krishnan, M.
Zhao, X.
Phillips, L.
Reece, C.
Seo, K.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI HIGH-RRR THIN-FILMS OF NB PRODUCED USING ENERGETIC CONDENSATION FROM A
COAXIAL, ROTATING VACUUM ARC PLASMA (CED (TM))
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE accelerator cavities; annealing; condensation; crystal structure;
electrical resistivity; grain boundaries; grain size; metallic thin
films; niobium; superconducting thin films; vacuum deposition; vapor
deposition; X-ray diffraction
ID EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; NIOBIUM; EVAPORATION; DEPOSITION
AB We have recently demonstrated unprecedentedly high values of RRR (up to 542) in thin-films of pure Nb deposited on a-plane sapphire and MgO crystal substrates. The Nb films were grown using a vacuum arc discharge struck between a reactor grade Nb cathode rod (RRR similar to 30) and a coaxial, semi-transparent Mo mesh anode, with a heated substrate placed just outside it. The substrates were pre-heated for several hours prior to deposition at different temperatures. Low pre-heat temperatures (<300 degrees C) and deposition temperatures (<300 degrees C) give low RRR (<50) films, whereas higher pre-heat (700 degrees C) and coating temperatures (500 degrees C) give RRR=214 on a-sapphire and RRR=542 on MgO. XRD (Bragg-Brentano scans and Pole Figures), EBSD and SIMS data reveal several features: (1) on a-sapphire, higher temperatures show better 3D registry for epitaxial growth of Nb; the crystal structure evolves from textured, polycrystalline (with twins) to single-crystal; (2) on MgO, there is a transition from {110} planes to {100} as the temperature is increased beyond 500 C. The dramatic increase in RRR (from similar to 10 at <300 degrees C to similar to 500 at >600 degrees C) is correlated with better epitaxial crystal structure in both a-sapphire and MgO substrate grown films. However, the SIMS data reveal that the most important requirement for high-RRR Nb films on either substrate is the reduction of impurities in the film, especially hydrogen. The hydrogen content in the MgO grown films is 1000 times lower than in bulk Nb tested as a reference from SRF cavity grade Nb. This result has potential implications for SRF accelerators. Coating bulk Nb cavities with an MgO layer followed by our CED (TM) deposited Nb films, might create superior SRF cavities that would avoid Q-slope and operate at higher peak fields. This research was supported by Department of Energy grants DE-SC0004994 and DE-FG02-08ER85162.
C1 [Valderrama, E.; James, C.; Krishnan, M.] AASC, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA.
[Zhao, X.; Phillips, L.; Reece, C.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Seo, K.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA.
RP Valderrama, E (reprint author), AASC, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA.
FU American Recovery and Reinvestment Act [DE-AC05-06OR23177];
[DE-FG02-08ER85162]; [DE-SC0004994]
FX This research is funded by DE-FG02-08ER85162 and DE-SC0004994. The
Jefferson Science Associates, LLC effort supported by DE-AC05-06OR23177,
with supplemental funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment
Act. We specially thank Drs F. Stevie and Z.H. Sung for the SIMS data
and for high resolution SEM images.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 953
EP 960
DI 10.1063/1.470712
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600112
ER
PT S
AU Nobrega, F
Brandt, J
Cheban, S
Feher, S
Kaducak, M
Kashikhin, V
Peterson, T
AF Nobrega, F.
Brandt, J.
Cheban, S.
Feher, S.
Kaducak, M.
Kashikhin, V.
Peterson, T.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI SUPERCONDUCTING LINK BUS DESIGN FOR THE ACCELERATOR PROJECT FOR UPGRADE
OF LHC
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE APUL; beam-guiding; focusing magnets; superconducting splice cables;
superconducting link
AB The Accelerator Project for Upgrade of LHC (APUL) is a U. S. project participating in and contributing to CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) upgrade program. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in collaboration with Brookhaven National Laboratory was developing sub-systems for the upgrade of the LHC final focus magnet systems. Part of the upgrade called for various lengths of superconducting power transmission lines known as Superconducting (SC) Links which were up to 100 m long. The SC Link electrically connects the current leads in the Distribution Feed Boxes to the interaction region magnets. The SC Link is an extension of the magnet bus housed within a cryostat. The present concept for the bus consists of 22 power cables, 4 x 13 kA, 2 x 7 kA, 8 x 2.5 kA and 8 x 0.6 kA bundled into one bus. Different cable and strand possibilities were considered for the bus design including Rutherford cable. The Rutherford cable bus design potentially would have required splices at each sharp elbow in the SC Link. The advantage of the round bus design is that splices are only required at each end of the bus during installation at CERN. The round bus is very flexible and is suitable for pulling through the cryostat. Development of the round bus prototype and of 2 splice designs is described in this paper. Magnetic analysis and mechanical test results of the 13 kA cable and splices are presented.
C1 [Nobrega, F.; Brandt, J.; Cheban, S.; Feher, S.; Kaducak, M.; Kashikhin, V.; Peterson, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Nobrega, F (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1009
EP 1016
DI 10.1063/1.4707019
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600119
ER
PT S
AU Schwenterly, SW
Pleva, EF
Ha, TT
AF Schwenterly, S. W.
Pleva, E. F.
Ha, T. T.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI CRYOGENIC LIFETIME TESTS ON A COMMERCIAL EPOXY RESIN HIGH VOLTAGE
BUSHING
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE High voltage bushings; cryogenics; high temperature superconductors;
current leads
AB High-temperature superconducting (HTS) power devices operating in liquid nitrogen frequently require high-voltage bushings to carry the current leads from the superconducting windings to the room temperature grid connections. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is collaborating with Waukesha Electric Systems (WES), SuperPower (SP), and Southern California Edison (SCE) to develop and demonstrate an HTS utility power transformer. Previous dielectric high voltage tests in support of this program have been carried out in test cryostats with commercial epoxy resin bushings from Electro Composites Inc. (ECI). Though the bushings performed well in these short-term tests, their long-term operation at high voltage in liquid nitrogen (LN) needs to be verified for use on the utility grid. Long-term tests are being carried out on a sample 28-kV-rms-class ECI bushing. The bushing has a monolithic cast, cycloaliphatic resin body and is fire- and shatter-resistant. The test cryostat is located in an interlocked cage and is continuously energized at 25 kVac rms. LN is automatically refilled every 9.5 hours. Partial discharge, capacitance, and leakage resistance tests are periodically performed to check for deviations from factory values. At present, over 2400 hours have been accumulated with no changes in these parameters. The tests are scheduled to run for four to six months.
C1 [Schwenterly, S. W.; Ha, T. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Pleva, E. F.] Waukesha Elect Syst, Waukesha, WI 53186 USA.
RP Schwenterly, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy - Office of
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program
for Electric Power Systems under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1025
EP 1030
DI 10.1063/1.4707021
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600121
ER
PT S
AU Xu, T
Casagrande, F
Ganni, R
Knudsen, P
Strong, WH
AF Xu, T.
Casagrande, F.
Ganni, R.
Knudsen, P.
Strong, W. H.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI STATUS OF CRYOGENIC SYSTEM FOR SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCE'S
SUPERCONDUCTING RADIOFREQUENCY TEST FACILITY AT OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LAB
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Cryogenic Testing Facility; SRF Cavity testing; Cryomodule Testing
AB The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) is building an independent cryogenic system for its Superconducting Radiofrequency Test Facility (SRFTF). The system will provide refrigeration for the SNS cryomodule test and cavity test at both 2K (using vacuum pumped helium) and 4.5K for the maintenance purposes and the Power Upgrade Project of SNS. It will also provide the part of the cooling power needed to backup the existing CHL to keep the Linac at 4.5K during CHL future maintenance periods. The system will be constructed in multiple phases. The first phase is to construct an independent 4.5K helium refrigeration system with a helium Dewar and distribution box as the load interface. It is scheduled to be commissioned in 2013. Here we report on the design concept for the system and the status of the first phase of this project.
C1 [Xu, T.; Casagrande, F.; Strong, W. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Ganni, R.; Knudsen, P.] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 43210 USA.
RP Xu, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
FU SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC [DEAC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported by SNS through UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract
No. DEAC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1085
EP 1091
DI 10.1063/1.4707028
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600128
ER
PT S
AU Soyars, W
Bossert, R
Darve, C
DeGraff, B
Dalesandro, A
Hansen, B
Klebaner, A
Nicol, T
Pei, L
White, M
AF Soyars, W.
Bossert, R.
Darve, C.
DeGraff, B.
Dalesandro, A.
Hansen, B.
Klebaner, A.
Nicol, T.
Pei, L.
White, M.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI SRF CAVITY TESTING STATUS AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Test facilities; Superconducting RF; ILC; Cryomodule
ID TEST FACILITY
AB The cryogenic system at the Meson Detector Building (MDB) has now supported over four years of testing of fully assembled SRF cavities. The Horizontal Test Stand (HTS) has tested single, fully dressed 1.3 GHz and 3.9 GHz cavities at 2 K as final qualification prior to their installation into accelerator-ready cryomodules. The MDB cryogenic system has been expanded to support an additional cavity test area, the Spoke Resonator Test (SRT) area, for 325 MHz single-spoke resonators. The SRT area currently supports 4.5 K operations for research and development of the spoke cavities with tuner and coupler. The test area addition required the design and installation of a new cryogenic transfer line extension to reach this second test area and to allow for independent operations of either cavity test system. The cryogenic performance and operational experiences of both cavity test areas, operating individually or simultaneously, will be discussed. The general reliability of operating the closed, subatmospheric helium system free of contaminants will be discussed. Future plans for the MDB test area include lowering the SRT temperature to 2 K and adding an additional Horizontal Test Stand (HTS-2).
C1 [Soyars, W.; Bossert, R.; Darve, C.; DeGraff, B.; Dalesandro, A.; Hansen, B.; Klebaner, A.; Nicol, T.; Pei, L.; White, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Soyars, W (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1108
EP 1114
DI 10.1063/1.4707031
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600131
ER
PT S
AU Martinez, A
Klebaner, AL
Theilacker, JC
DeGraff, BD
White, MJ
Johnson, GS
AF Martinez, A.
Klebaner, A. L.
Theilacker, J. C.
DeGraff, B. D.
White, M. J.
Johnson, G. S.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI FERMILAB SRF CRYOMODULE OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Test facilities; Superconducting RF; Cryomodule
AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is constructing an Advanced Accelerator Research and Development facility at New Muon Lab. The cryogenic infrastructure in support of the initial phase of the facility consists of two Tevatron style standalone refrigerators, cryogenic distribution system as well as an ambient temperature pumping system to achieve 2 K operations with supporting purification systems. During this phase of the project a single Type III plus 1.3 GHz cryomodule was installed, cooled and tested. Design constraints of the cryomodule required that the cryomodule individual circuits be cooled at predetermined rates. These constraints required special design solutions to achieve. This paper describes the initial cooldown and operational experience of a 1.3 GHz cryomodule using the New Muon Lab cryogenic system.
C1 [Martinez, A.; Klebaner, A. L.; Theilacker, J. C.; DeGraff, B. D.; White, M. J.; Johnson, G. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Martinez, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1123
EP 1129
DI 10.1063/1.4707033
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600133
ER
PT S
AU Streit, JR
Razani, A
AF Streit, J. R.
Razani, A.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI SECOND-LAW ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF REVERSE BRAYTON CYCLES OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE reverse-Brayton refrigeration cycle; cryocooler; auxiliary cooling; 2nd
law analysis; exergy
ID CRYOCOOLER; DESIGN
AB Second-law of thermodynamics (2nd law) and exergy analyses and optimization of four Reverse Brayton Refrigeration (RBR) cryogenic cycle configurations: Conventional 1-stage compression cycle; Conventional 2-stage compression cycle; 1-stage compression Modified cycle with intermediate cooling of the recuperator using an auxiliary cooler; and an Integrated 2-stage expansion RBR cycle are performed. The conventional RBR cycles are analyzed for low and high pressure ratio applications using multistage compressors with intercooling. Analytical solutions for the conventional cycles are developed including thermal and fluid flow irreversibilities of the recuperators and all heat exchangers in addition to the compression and expansion processes. Analytical solutions are used to find the thermodynamic bounds for the performance of the cycles. Exergy irreversibility diagrams of the cycles are developed and the effects of important system parameters on RBR cycle performance are investigated. 2nd law/exergy analyses, and optimization of the cycles with intermediate cooling of the recuperator, considering the cooling temperature and the recuperator effectiveness and pressure drop, are included. The effect of the 2nd law/exergy efficiency of the auxiliary cooler on the total system efficiencies is presented.
C1 [Streit, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K778, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Razani, A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
RP Streit, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K778, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1140
EP 1148
DI 10.1063/1.4707035
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600135
ER
PT S
AU Duckworth, RC
Baylor, LR
Meitner, SJ
Combs, SK
Rasmussen, DA
Hechler, M
Edgemon, TD
Barbier, CN
Pearce, RJH
Kersevan, R
Dremel, M
Boissin, JC
AF Duckworth, R. C.
Baylor, L. R.
Meitner, S. J.
Combs, S. K.
Rasmussen, D. A.
Hechler, M.
Edgemon, T. D.
Barbier, C. N.
Pearce, R. J. H.
Kersevan, R.
Dremel, M.
Boissin, J. -C.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF A SUPERCRITICAL HELIUM-COOLED CRYOGENIC
VISCOUS COMPRESSOR PROTOTYPE FOR THE ITER VACUUM SYSTEM
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE ITER; cryopump; hydrogen; regeneration
AB As part of the vacuum system for the ITER fusion project, a cryogenic viscous compressor (CVC) is being developed to collect hydrogenic exhaust gases from the torus cryopumps and compress them to a high enough pressure by regeneration for pumping to the tritium reprocessing facility. Helium impurities that are a byproduct of the fusion reactions pass through the CVC and are pumped by conventional vacuum pumps and exhausted to the atmosphere. Before the development of a full-scale CVC, a representative, small-scale test prototype was designed, fabricated, and tested. With cooling provided by cold helium gas, hydrogen gas was introduced into the central column of the test prototype pump at flow rates between 0.001 g/s and 0.008 g/s. Based on the temperatures and flow rates of the cold helium gas, different percentages of hydrogen gas were frozen to the column surface wall as the hydrogen gas flow rate increased. Results from the measured temperatures and pressures will form a benchmark that will be used to judge future heat transfer enhancements to the prototype CVC and to develop a computational fluid dynamic model that will help develop design parameters for the full-scale CVC.
C1 [Duckworth, R. C.; Baylor, L. R.; Meitner, S. J.; Combs, S. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Rasmussen, D. A.; Hechler, M.; Edgemon, T. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 38731 USA.
[Barbier, C. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 38731 USA.
[Pearce, R. J. H.; Kersevan, R.; Dremel, M.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France.
RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
OI Barbier, Charlotte/0000-0003-2752-0148
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory by UTBattelle, LLC for the U.S. Department
of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by
UTBattelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC05-00OR22725. This report was prepared as an account of work by or
for the ITER Organization.
NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1234
EP 1242
DI 10.1063/1.4707046
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600146
ER
PT S
AU Lombardo, V
Barzi, E
Turrioni, D
Zlobin, AV
AF Lombardo, V.
Barzi, E.
Turrioni, D.
Zlobin, A. V.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI INSERT COIL TEST FOR HEP HIGH FIELD MAGNETS USING YBa2Cu3O7-delta COATED
CONDUCTOR TAPES
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Superconducting magnets; high field solenoids; YBCO coated conductors;
anisotropy
AB The final beam cooling stages of a Muon Collider require DC solenoid magnets with magnetic fields of 30-50 T. In this paper we present progress in insert coil development using commercially available YBa2Cu3O7-delta Coated Conductor. Technological aspects covered in the development, including coil geometry, insulation, manufacturing process and testing are summarized and discussed. Test results of double pancake coils operated in liquid nitrogen and liquid helium are presented and compared with the performance of YBa2Cu3O7-delta tape short samples.
C1 [Lombardo, V.; Barzi, E.; Turrioni, D.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Lombardo, V (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 9
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1381
EP 1388
DI 10.1063/1.4707064
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600164
ER
PT S
AU Dalesandro, A
Theilacker, J
Van Sciver, SW
AF Dalesandro, A.
Theilacker, J.
Van Sciver, S. W.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI EXPERIMENT FOR TRANSIENT EFFECTS OF SUDDEN CATASTROPHIC LOSS OF VACUUM
ON A SCALED SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO FREQUENCY CRYOMODULE
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Superfluid Helium; Loss of Vacuum; Condensation Heat Transfer;
Superconducting RF
AB Safe operation of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities require design consideration of a sudden catastrophic loss of vacuum (SCLV) adjacent with liquid helium (LHe) vessels and subsequent dangers. An experiment is discussed to test the longitudinal effects of SCLV along the beam line of a string of scaled SRF cavities. Each scaled cavity includes one segment of beam tube within a LHe vessel containing 2 K saturated LHe, and a riser pipe connecting the LHe vessel to a common gas header. At the beam tube inlet is a fast acting solenoid valve to simulate SCLV and a high/low range orifice plate flow-meter to measure air influx to the cavity. The gas header exit also has an orifice plate flow-meter to measure helium venting the system at the relief pressure of 0.4 MPa. Each cavity is instrumented with Validyne pressure transducers and Cernox thermometers. The purpose of this experiment is to quantify the time required to spoil the beam vacuum and the effects of transient heat and mass transfer on the helium system. Heat transfer data is expected to reveal a longitudinal effect due to the geometry of the experiment. Details of the experimental design criteria and objectives are presented.
C1 [Dalesandro, A.; Theilacker, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Van Sciver, S. W.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
RP Dalesandro, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02- 07CH11359]
FX Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No.
DE-AC02- 07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Thanks
to Mark Vanderlaan for technical assistance
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1567
EP 1574
DI 10.1063/1.4707087
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600187
ER
PT S
AU Peterson, T
Hayano, H
Jensch, K
Kako, E
Klebaner, A
Mammosser, J
Matheisen, A
Nakai, H
Nicol, T
Theilacker, J
Yamamoto, A
AF Peterson, T.
Hayano, H.
Jensch, K.
Kako, E.
Klebaner, A.
Mammosser, J.
Matheisen, A.
Nakai, H.
Nicol, T.
Theilacker, J.
Yamamoto, A.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI A SURVEY OF PRESSURE VESSEL CODE COMPLIANCE METHODS FOR SUPERCONDUCTING
RADIO FREQUENCY CRYOMODULES
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Niobium; SRF; Superconductivity; RF cavities; Pressure vessel
AB Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities made from niobium and cooled with liquid helium are becoming key components of many particle accelerators. The helium vessels surrounding the RF cavities, portions of the niobium cavities themselves, and also possibly the vacuum vessels containing these assemblies, generally fall under the scope of local and national pressure vessel codes. In the U. S., Department of Energy rules require national laboratories to follow national consensus pressure vessel standards or to show "a level of safety greater than or equal to" that of the applicable standard. Thus, while used for its superconducting properties, niobium ends up being treated as a low-temperature pressure vessel material. Niobium material is not a code listed material and therefore requires the designer to understand the mechanical properties for material used in each pressure vessel fabrication; compliance with pressure vessel codes therefore becomes a problem. This report summarizes the approaches that various institutions have taken in order to bring superconducting RF cryomodules into compliance with pressure vessel codes.
C1 [Peterson, T.; Klebaner, A.; Nicol, T.; Theilacker, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Hayano, H.; Kako, E.; Yamamoto, A.] KEK High Energy Accelerator Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan.
[Jensch, K.; Matheisen, A.] Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
[Mammosser, J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Peterson, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]
FX Work at Fermilab is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under
contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1575
EP 1582
DI 10.1063/1.4707088
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600188
ER
PT S
AU Yuksek, E
Knudsen, P
Norton, R
Ganni, V
AF Yuksek, E.
Knudsen, P.
Norton, R.
Ganni, V.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF REFRIGERATION RECOVERY FOR EXPERIMENTAL HALL
HIGH TARGET LOADS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE heat exchanger; helium; refrigerator; recovery; target
AB The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab (JLab) is a 3000 W hydrogen target scheduled to run until the planned shutdown in the spring of 2012 for the 12 GeV installation. As detailed in previous proceedings [1], support of this target's cryogenic load was made possible by incorporating modifications to the End Station Refrigerator (ESR) to recover the refrigeration supplied by the Central Helium Liquefier (CHL). Testing and commissioning for these modifications was performed in January and February 2010 demonstrating that the performance met or exceeded projected expectations. In this paper, we present the analysis of the test results in regards to the actual loads capable of being supported and the process boundaries encountered, as well as a discussion of the commissioning results for the cryogenic support of the Qweak target.
C1 [Yuksek, E.; Knudsen, P.; Norton, R.; Ganni, V.] TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Yuksek, E (reprint author), TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1751
EP 1756
DI 10.1063/1.4707110
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600210
ER
PT S
AU Schmitt, R
Smith, G
Ruschman, M
Beaty, J
AF Schmitt, Richard
Smith, Gary
Ruschman, Mark
Beaty, Jim
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI APPLICATION OF CRYOCOOLERS TO A VINTAGE DILUTION REFRIGERATOR
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE dilution refrigerator pulse tube cryocooler re-liquefier Soudan
cryogenic dark matter search
AB A dilution refrigerator is required for 50 mK detector operation of CDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search). Besides shielding the dilution refrigerator itself, the liquid nitrogen shield and liquid helium bath in the refrigerator cool the detector cryostat heat shields and cool electronics, resulting in significant external heat loads at 80 K and at 4 K.
An Oxford Instruments Kelvinox 400 has served this role for ten years but required daily transfers of liquid nitrogen and liquid helium. Complicating the cryogen supply is the location 800 meters below ground in an RF shielded, class 10000 clean room at Soudan, MN.
Nitrogen and helium re-liquefiers using cryocoolers were installed outside the clean room and continuously condense room temperature gas and return the liquids to the dilution refrigerator through a transfer line. This paper will describe the design, installation, controls and performance of liquefaction systems.
C1 [Schmitt, Richard; Smith, Gary; Ruschman, Mark] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
[Beaty, Jim] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Schmitt, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1815
EP 1822
DI 10.1063/1.4707118
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600218
ER
PT S
AU Jones, S
Arenius, D
Fila, A
Geutschow, P
Laumer, H
Johnson, M
Waltz, C
Weisend, JG
AF Jones, S.
Arenius, D.
Fila, A.
Geutschow, P.
Laumer, H.
Johnson, M.
Waltz, Cory
Weisend, J. G., II
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI CRYOGENIC DISTRIBUTION FOR THE FACILITY FOR RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Cryogenics; linear accelerators; superconducting magnets; FRIB
AB The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is a new National User Facility for nuclear science funded by the Department of Energy Office of Science and operated by Michigan State University. The FRIB accelerator linac consists of superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) cavities operating at 2 K and SC magnets operating at 4.5 K all cooled by a large scale cryogenic refrigeration system. A major subsystem of the cryogenic system will be the distribution system whose primary components will include a distribution box, the transfer lines and the interconnect valve boxes at each cryogenic device. An overview of the conceptual design of the distribution system including engineering details, capabilities and schedule is described.
C1 [Jones, S.; Fila, A.; Geutschow, P.; Laumer, H.; Johnson, M.; Waltz, Cory; Weisend, J. G., II] Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Arenius, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Jones, S (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Facil Rare Isotope Beams, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [SC0000661]
FX The authors wish to thank the FRIB project team for all their efforts
and support of this work. This material is based upon work supported by
the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative
Agreement DE-SC0000661.
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1919
EP 1926
DI 10.1063/1.4707130
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600230
ER
PT S
AU Potratz, DC
Pfotenhauer, JM
Hasse, Q
Ivanyushenkov, Y
Moog, ER
Kustom, RL
AF Potratz, D. C.
Pfotenhauer, J. M.
Hasse, Q.
Ivanyushenkov, Y.
Moog, E. R.
Kustom, R. L.
BE Weisend, JG
Barclay, J
Breon, S
Demko, J
DiPirro, M
Kittel, P
Klebaner, A
Marquardt, J
Nellis, G
Peterson, T
Pfotenhauer, J
Rowe, A
VanSciver, S
Yuan, S
Zagarola, M
Zeller, A
TI A HELIUM THERMOSIPHON COOLING LOOP FOR THE APS SUPERCONDUCTING UNDULATOR
SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 57A AND 57B
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Conference on Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference
(CEC)/International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Spokane, WA
SP ATI Wah Chang, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryocomp, Cryofab, Inc, Cryomagnet, Inc, Eden Cryogen, GE Global Res, Linde, Luvata Waterbury, Inc, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Inc, PHPK Technol, RUAG Space GmbH
DE Helium; thermosiphon; two-phase helium; minor losses; superconducting
undulator
AB A thermosiphon cooling system is being pursued as part of the superconducting undulator magnet development at Argonne National Laboratory. Analyses carried out at the University of Wisconsin-Madison address several unique features for the helium-filled cooling loop including sub-cooling associated with the hydrostatic head, the impact of a heat load deposited primarily along the horizontal channel, and two-phase flow characterization at extremely low quality conditions. Results of the analyses are compared with experimental measurements for a full-scale cooling loop. Both the analyses and measurements address the design objective of maintaining the superconducting windings well below their current sharing temperature by exploring the flow induced heat transfer to the single and two-phase regions of the helium cooling loop.
C1 [Potratz, D. C.; Pfotenhauer, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Potratz, D. C.; Hasse, Q.; Ivanyushenkov, Y.; Moog, E. R.; Kustom, R. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Potratz, DC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
FU Argonne National Laboratory [9F-31982]; U. S. Department of Energy,
Office of Science [DEAC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by Argonne National Laboratory under contract
No. 9F-31982, and by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
under contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1020-6
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1434
BP 1991
EP 1998
DI 10.1063/1.4707139
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBH76
UT WOS:000306860600239
ER
PT J
AU Lee, MH
Takei, K
Zhang, JJ
Kapadia, R
Zheng, M
Chen, YZ
Nah, J
Matthews, TS
Chueh, YL
Ager, JW
Javey, A
AF Lee, Min Hyung
Takei, Kuniharu
Zhang, Junjun
Kapadia, Rehan
Zheng, Maxwell
Chen, Yu-Ze
Nah, Junghyo
Matthews, Tyler S.
Chueh, Yu-Lun
Ager, Joel W.
Javey, Ali
TI p-Type InP Nanopillar Photocathodes for Efficient Solar-Driven Hydrogen
Production
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrogen; nanostructures; photosynthesis; semiconductors; water
splitting
ID PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; SURFACE RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTION; WATER;
CONVERSION; REDUCTION; NANOTUBE; ARRAYS
C1 [Lee, Min Hyung; Takei, Kuniharu; Zhang, Junjun; Kapadia, Rehan; Zheng, Maxwell; Nah, Junghyo; Ager, Joel W.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lee, Min Hyung; Takei, Kuniharu; Zhang, Junjun; Kapadia, Rehan; Zheng, Maxwell; Nah, Junghyo; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lee, Min Hyung; Matthews, Tyler S.; Ager, Joel W.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Chen, Yu-Ze; Chueh, Yu-Lun] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
RP Ager, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jwager@lbl.gov; ajavey@berkeley.edu
RI Kapadia, Rehan/B-4100-2013; Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; Nah,
Junghyo/P-3761-2015; Chueh, Yu-Lun/E-2053-2013;
OI Kapadia, Rehan/0000-0002-7611-0551; Nah, Junghyo/0000-0001-9975-239X;
Chueh, Yu-Lun/0000-0002-0155-9987; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751
FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993]; Sloan
Research Fellowship; World Class University program at Sunchon National
University
FX The materials preparation and device fabrication were supported by
Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center. The material and device
characterizations were performed in the Joint Center for Artificial
Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the
Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number
DE-SC0004993. A.J. acknowledges a Sloan Research Fellowship and support
from the World Class University program at Sunchon National University.
NR 31
TC 104
Z9 105
U1 17
U2 151
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 43
BP 10760
EP 10764
DI 10.1002/anie.201203174
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 023ZH
UT WOS:000310076100013
PM 23001825
ER
PT S
AU Gadgil, A
Liverman, DM
AF Gadgil, Ashok
Liverman, Diana M.
BE Gadgil, A
Liverman, DM
TI Annual Review of Environment and Resources Preface
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 37
SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Gadgil, Ashok] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
[Gadgil, Ashok] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Gadgil, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 1543-5938
BN 978-0-8243-2337-0
J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR
JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour
PY 2012
VL 37
BP V
EP VI
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BCH92
UT WOS:000310224900001
ER
PT S
AU Gadgil, A
Liverman, DM
AF Gadgil, Ashok
Liverman, Diana M.
BE Gadgil, A
Liverman, DM
TI Who Should Read This Series?
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 37
SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
C1 [Gadgil, Ashok] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Gadgil, Ashok] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
[Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
[Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England.
RP Gadgil, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 1543-5938
BN 978-0-8243-2337-0
J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR
JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour
PY 2012
VL 37
BP VII
EP VII
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BCH92
UT WOS:000310224900002
ER
PT S
AU Birkholzer, J
Houseworth, J
Tsang, CF
AF Birkholzer, Jens
Houseworth, James
Tsang, Chin-Fu
BE Gadgil, A
Liverman, DM
TI Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste: Status, Key Issues,
and Trends
SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 37
SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE barriers; isolation; repository; safety
ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; NUCLEAR-WASTE; BOOM CLAY; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENTS;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; REPOSITORY; ROCK; BEHAVIOR; PROJECT; SITE
AB The permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste is one of the major technical hurdles that must be addressed if electrical power production by nuclear energy is to remain viable. The main challenge is that the waste must be effectively isolated from interactions with the biosphere for hundreds of thousands of years. A number of permanent disposal options have been proposed and reviewed by various countries and scientific organizations during the past few decades, and there appears to be a consensus today that mined geologic disposal is the most practical and effective method. Several variations on mined geologic disposal are being intensively studied by waste-producing countries. These investigations address a wide range of scientific questions, such as the behavior of geological and engineered barriers over time and the use of quantitative modeling and/or qualitative observational evidence to demonstrate the safety of disposal. The present review provides an overview of current approaches, scientific issues, and safety assessments related to mined geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste.
C1 [Birkholzer, Jens; Houseworth, James; Tsang, Chin-Fu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Birkholzer, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM JTBirkholzer@lbl.gov; JEHouseworth@lbl.gov; cftsang@lbl.gov
RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Houseworth, James/D-8749-2015
OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912;
NR 108
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 54
PU ANNUAL REVIEWS
PI PALO ALTO
PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA
SN 1543-5938
BN 978-0-8243-2337-0
J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR
JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour
PY 2012
VL 37
BP 79
EP +
DI 10.1146/annurev-environ-090611-143314
PG 33
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA BCH92
UT WOS:000310224900006
ER
PT J
AU Matson, BD
Carver, CT
Von Ruden, A
Yang, JY
Raugei, S
Mayer, JM
AF Matson, Benjamin D.
Carver, Colin T.
Von Ruden, Amber
Yang, Jenny Y.
Raugei, Simone
Mayer, James M.
TI Distant protonated pyridine groups in water-soluble iron porphyrin
electrocatalysts promote selective oxygen reduction to water
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DIOXYGEN;
O-2; ELECTROREDUCTION; SYSTEMS; LIGAND; MODEL
AB Fe(III)-meso-tetra(pyridyl) porphyrins are electrocatalysts for the reduction of dioxygen in aqueous acidic solution. The 2-pyridyl derivatives, both the triflate and chloride salts, are more selective for the desired 4e(-) reduction than the isomeric 4-pyridyl complexes. The inward-pointing pyridinium groups influence proton delivery despite their distance from the iron centre.
C1 [Matson, Benjamin D.; Carver, Colin T.; Mayer, James M.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Von Ruden, Amber; Yang, Jenny Y.; Raugei, Simone] PNNL, Richland, WA USA.
RP Mayer, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM jyy@caltech.edu; Simone.Raugei@pnnl.gov; mayer@chem.washington.edu
FU Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research
Center; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; Laboratory Directed
Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory
FX This research was supported as part of the Center for Molecular
Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science. AV and JYY were supported by a
Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for the US
Department of Energy. Computational resources were provided at the
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory.
NR 26
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 3
U2 39
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 90
BP 11100
EP 11102
DI 10.1039/c2cc35576k
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 021XE
UT WOS:000309918000012
PM 23041951
ER
PT J
AU Nyman, M
Burns, PC
AF Nyman, May
Burns, Peter C.
TI A comprehensive comparison of transition-metal and actinyl
polyoxometalates
SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
ID URANYL-PEROXIDE NANOCLUSTERS; CAGE CLUSTERS; SOLID-STATE;
STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; HYBRID POLYOXONIOBATE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE;
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LINDQVIST ION; CATIONS; ANION
AB While the d(0) transition-metal POMs of Group V (V5+, Nb5+, Ta5+) and Group VI (Mo6+, W6+) have been known for more than a century, the actinyl peroxide POMs, specifically those built of uranyl triperoxide or uranyl dihydroxidediperoxide polyhedra, were only realized within the last decade. While virtually every metal on the Periodic Table can form discrete clusters of some type, the actinyls are the only-in addition to the transition-metal POMs- whose chemistry is dictated by the prevalence of the 'yl' oxygen ligand. Thus this emerging structural, solution, and computational chemistry of actinide POMs warrants comparison to the mature chemistry of transition-metal POMs. This assessment between the transition-metal POMs and actinyl POMs (uranyl peroxide POMs, specifically) has provided much insight to the similarities and differences between these two chemistries. We further break down the comparison between the alkaline POMs of Nb and Ta; and the acidic POMs of V, Mo and W. This more indepth literature review and discussion reveals that while an initial evaluation suggests the actinyl POMs are more akin to the alkaline transition-metal POMs, they actually share characteristics unique to the acidic POMs as well. This tutorial review is meant to provide fodder for deriving new POM chemistries of both the familiar transition-metals and the emerging actinides, as well as fostering communication and collaboration between the two scientific communities.
C1 [Nyman, May] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Burns, Peter C.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Gilbert Hall 153, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
EM mdnyman@sandia.gov; pburns@nd.edu
RI Burns, Peter/J-3359-2013;
OI Burns, Peter/0000-0002-2319-9628
FU Materials Science of Actinides, an Energy Frontier Research Center;
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-SC0001089]; Department of Energy's National Nuclear
SecurityAdministration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This work was supported as part of the Materials Science of Actinides,
an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Department of Energy,
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number
DE-SC0001089. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin company, for the Department of Energy's National Nuclear
SecurityAdministration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 91
TC 101
Z9 101
U1 19
U2 154
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0306-0012
J9 CHEM SOC REV
JI Chem. Soc. Rev.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 22
BP 7354
EP 7367
DI 10.1039/c2cs35136f
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 023WR
UT WOS:000310068300003
PM 22695929
ER
PT J
AU Zhu, X
Hillesheim, PC
Mahurin, SM
Wang, CM
Tian, CC
Brown, S
Luo, HM
Veith, GM
Han, KS
Hagaman, EW
Liu, HL
Dai, S
AF Zhu, Xiang
Hillesheim, Patrick C.
Mahurin, Shannon M.
Wang, Congmin
Tian, Chengcheng
Brown, Suree
Luo, Huimin
Veith, Gabriel M.
Han, Kee Sung
Hagaman, Edward W.
Liu, Honglai
Dai, Sheng
TI Efficient CO2 Capture by Porous, Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Adsorbents
Derived from Task-Specific Ionic Liquids
SO CHEMSUSCHEM
LA English
DT Article
DE adsorption; carbon; carbon dioxide fixation; ionic liquids; nitrogen
ID HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; DIOXIDE CAPTURE; MESOPOROUS CARBONS;
ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-CAPACITY; FRAMEWORKS; ADSORPTION; SORBENTS;
PRECURSORS; SEPARATION
AB The search for a better carbon dioxide (CO2) capture material is attracting significant attention because of an increase in anthropogenic emissions. Porous materials are considered to be among the most promising candidates. A series of porous, nitrogen-doped carbons for CO2 capture have been developed by using high-yield carbonization reactions from task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL) precursors. Owing to strong interactions between the CO2 molecules and nitrogen-containing basic sites within the carbon framework, the porous nitrogen-doped compound derived from the carbonization of a TSIL at 500 degrees C, CN500, exhibits an exceptional CO2 absorption capacity of 193 mg of CO2 per g sorbent (4.39 mmol g(-1) at 0 degrees C and 1 bar), which demonstrates a significantly higher capacity than previously reported adsorbents. The application of TSILs as precursors for porous materials provides a new avenue for the development of improved materials for carbon capture.
C1 [Zhu, Xiang; Wang, Congmin; Tian, Chengcheng; Brown, Suree; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA.
[Zhu, Xiang; Tian, Chengcheng; Liu, Honglai] E China Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Chem Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
[Zhu, Xiang; Tian, Chengcheng; Liu, Honglai] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
[Hillesheim, Patrick C.; Mahurin, Shannon M.; Han, Kee Sung; Hagaman, Edward W.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Wang, Congmin] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
[Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Veith, Gabriel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA.
EM chewcm@zju.edu.cn; hlliu@ecust.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov
RI Wang, Congmin/I-7889-2013; Zhu, Xiang/P-6867-2014; Dai,
Sheng/K-8411-2015;
OI Zhu, Xiang/0000-0002-3973-4998; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Han, Kee
Sung/0000-0002-3535-1818
FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bio-sciences, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of
Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-ENERGY; U.S. Department of
Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences
and Engineering; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20990224,
21076071]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of
China [2008AA062302]; 111 Project of China [B08021]; Fundamental
Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
FX S.M.M., C. W., C. C. T., S. B., H. L., E. W. H., K. S. H., and S. D.
were sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
Bio-sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
Energy. X.Z. and P. H. were financially supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-ENERGY. G. M. V. was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. X.Z., C. C.
T., and H. L. L. acknowledge the support from the National Natural
Science Foundation of China (No. 20990224, 21076071), the National High
Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2008AA062302),
the 111 Project of China (No. B08021), and the Fundamental Research
Funds for the Central Universities of China.
NR 46
TC 56
Z9 58
U1 13
U2 180
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1864-5631
J9 CHEMSUSCHEM
JI ChemSusChem
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 10
BP 1912
EP 1917
DI 10.1002/cssc.201200355
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 023YP
UT WOS:000310074200007
PM 22907832
ER
PT J
AU Sun, XG
Wang, XQ
Mayes, RT
Dai, S
AF Sun, Xiao-Guang
Wang, Xiqing
Mayes, Richard T.
Dai, Sheng
TI Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon and an
Ionic-Liquid Electrolyte
SO CHEMSUSCHEM
LA English
DT Article
DE batteries; carbon; ionic liquids; mesoporous materials; sulfur
ID CYCLE LIFE CHARACTERISTICS; ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION;
RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE; MESOPOROUS CARBON;
POLYMER BATTERIES; CATHODE; CELL; COMPOSITES; SOLVENT
AB Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NC) and sulfur were used to prepare an NC/S composite cathode, which was evaluated in an ionic-liquid electrolyte of 0.5?M lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in methylpropylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide ([MPPY][TFSI]) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cycle testing. To facilitate the comparison, a C/S composite based on activated carbon (AC) without nitrogen doping was also fabricated under the same conditions. Compared with the AC/S composite, the NC/S composite showed enhanced activity toward sulfur reduction, as evidenced by the lower onset sulfur reduction potential, higher redox current density in the CV test, and faster charge-transfer kinetics, as indicated by EIS measurements. At room temperature under a current density of 84 mA?g-1 (C/20), the battery based on the NC/S composite exhibited a higher discharge potential and an initial capacity of 1420 mAh?g-1, whereas the battery based on the AC/S composite showed a lower discharge potential and an initial capacity of 1120 mAh?g-1. Both batteries showed similar capacity fading with cycling due to the intrinsic polysulfide solubility and the polysulfide shuttle mechanism; capacity fading can be improved by further cathode modification.
C1 [Sun, Xiao-Guang; Wang, Xiqing; Mayes, Richard T.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Sun, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM sunx@ornl.gov; dais@ornl.gov
RI Wang, Xiqing/E-3062-2010; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Mayes,
Richard/G-1499-2016
OI Wang, Xiqing/0000-0002-1843-008X; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Mayes,
Richard/0000-0002-7457-3261
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of
Materials Sciences and Engineering; UT-Battelle, LLC
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of
Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering,
under contract with UT-Battelle, LLC. We thank Drs. Zhonghe Bi and
Bingkun Guo for their help in measuring the electronic conductivity of
the carbon materials.
NR 38
TC 96
Z9 98
U1 16
U2 213
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1864-5631
J9 CHEMSUSCHEM
JI ChemSusChem
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 10
BP 2079
EP 2085
DI 10.1002/cssc.201200101
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 023YP
UT WOS:000310074200026
PM 22847977
ER
PT J
AU Xia, HN
Wong, K
Zhao, XP
AF Xia, Henian
Wong, Kwai
Zhao, Xiaopeng
TI A Fully Coupled Model for Electromechanics of the Heart
SO COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID MECHANOELECTRIC FEEDBACK; MECHANICS; TISSUE; SIMULATION
AB We present a fully coupled electromechanical model of the heart. The model integrates cardiac electrophysiology and cardiac mechanics through excitation-induced contraction and deformation-induced current. Numerical schemes based on finite element were implemented in a supercomputer. Numerical examples were presented using a thin cardiac tissue and a dog ventricle with realistic geometry. Performance of the parallel simulation scheme was studied. The model provides a useful tool to understand cardiovascular dynamics.
C1 [Xia, Henian; Zhao, Xiaopeng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Wong, Kwai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Zhao, XP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM xzhao9@utk.edu
RI Zhao, Xiaopeng/A-4419-2008
OI Zhao, Xiaopeng/0000-0003-1207-5379
FU NSF [CMMI-0845753]; TeraGrid Advanced Support Program [BCS090012];
National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; National
Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S.
Department of Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]; University of
Tennessee, Knoxville
FX This work was in part supported by the NSF under Grant no. CMMI-0845753.
This research was supported by an allocation through the TeraGrid
Advanced Support Program, under Grant no. BCS090012. Some simulations
are conducted on the Newton High Performance Cluster at UTK. H. Xia is
supported through a graduate research assistantship at the National
Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute
sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture through NSF
Award no. EF-0832858, with additional support from The University of
Tennessee, Knoxville.
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 7
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION
PI NEW YORK
PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA
SN 1748-670X
J9 COMPUT MATH METHOD M
JI Comput. Math. Method Med.
PY 2012
AR 927279
DI 10.1155/2012/927279
PG 10
WC Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Mathematical & Computational Biology
GA 026PY
UT WOS:000310294100001
ER
PT S
AU Custelcean, R
AF Custelcean, Radu
BE Barboiu, M
TI Dynamic Chemistry of Anion Recognition
SO CONSTITUTIONAL DYNAMIC CHEMISTRY
SE Topics in Current Chemistry
LA English
DT Review; Book Chapter
DE Anions; Dynamic combinatorial chemistry; Molecular recognition;
Self-assembly; Supramolecular chemistry
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; HYDROGEN-BONDING GROUPS; COMBINATORIAL
LIBRARIES; SELECTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION; BINDING PROTEIN; SEPARATION;
COORDINATION; MACROCYCLES; CAPSULES; RECEPTOR
AB In the past 40 years, anion recognition by synthetic receptors has grown into a rich and vibrant research topic, developing into a distinct branch of Supra-molecular Chemistry. Traditional anion receptors comprise organic scaffolds functionalized with complementary binding groups that are assembled by multistep organic synthesis. Recently, a new approach to anion receptors has emerged, in which the host is dynamically self-assembled in the presence of the anionic guest, via reversible bond formation between functional building units. While coordination bonds were initially employed for the self-assembly of the anion hosts, more recent studies demonstrated that reversible covalent bonds can serve the same purpose. In both cases, due to their labile connections, the molecular constituents have the ability to assemble, dissociate, and recombine continuously, thereby creating a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) of receptors. The anionic guests, through specific molecular recognition, may then amplify (express) the formation of a particular structure among all possible combinations (real or virtual) by shifting the equilibria involved towards the most optimal receptor. This approach is not limited to solution self-assembly, but is equally applicable to crystallization, where the fittest anion-binding crystal may be selected. Finally, the pros and cons of employing dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) vs molecular design for developing anion receptors, and the implications of both approaches to selective anion separations, will be discussed.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM custelceanr@ornl.gov
RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009
OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972
NR 54
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 40
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0340-1022
BN 978-3-642-28344-4
J9 TOP CURR CHEM
JI Top. Curr. Chem.
PY 2012
VL 322
BP 193
EP 216
DI 10.1007/128_2011_197
D2 10.1007/978-3-642-28344-4
PG 24
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA BCK31
UT WOS:000310444800009
PM 21710377
ER
PT J
AU Bechelany, M
Riesterer, JL
Brioude, A
Cornu, D
Miele, P
AF Bechelany, Mikhael
Riesterer, Jessica L.
Brioude, Arnaud
Cornu, David
Miele, Philippe
TI Rayleigh instability induced SiC/SiO2 necklace like nanostructures
SO CRYSTENGCOMM
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; SIC NANOWIRES; NANOPARTICLE CHAINS;
OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SILICON NANOWIRES; CARBIDE; NANOCABLES; NANOTUBES;
COMPOSITE; WHISKERS
AB SiC@SiO2 nanocables (NCs) were annealed under a nitrogen flow at 1400 degrees C. Structural and chemical characterization by SEM, HRTEM, EDX, and XRD show that the heat treatment led to the dewetting of SiO2 and the formation of SiC/SiO2 pearl necklace-like nanostructures (NSs). The dewetting mechanism has been attributed mainly to the Rayleigh instability. These NSs could have a wide range of applications in different fields such as nanocomposites, electronics, sensors, drug release, and light emitting diodes.
C1 [Bechelany, Mikhael; Cornu, David; Miele, Philippe] Univ Montpellier 2, IEM, ENSCM, CNRS,UM2,UMR 5635, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
[Riesterer, Jessica L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
[Brioude, Arnaud] Univ Lyon 1, Lab Multimat & Interfaces, UMR 5615, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
RP Bechelany, M (reprint author), Univ Montpellier 2, IEM, ENSCM, CNRS,UM2,UMR 5635, 2 Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
EM mikhael.bechelany@univ-montp2.fr
RI bechelany, mikhael/G-7556-2011; MIELE, Philippe/H-2630-2012;
OI bechelany, mikhael/0000-0002-2913-2846; MIELE,
Philippe/0000-0003-3530-8120; BRIOUDE, Arnaud/0000-0002-8036-3973
NR 41
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 5
U2 29
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1466-8033
J9 CRYSTENGCOMM
JI Crystengcomm
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 22
BP 7744
EP 7748
DI 10.1039/c2ce25636c
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 021XG
UT WOS:000309918200036
ER
PT B
AU Doi, M
Suzuki, N
AF Doi, Mamoru
Suzuki, Nao
CA Supernova Cosmology Project
BE Aoki, W
Ishigaki, M
Suda, T
Tsujimoto, T
Arimoto, N
TI Observational Studies of Type Ia Supernovae at High and Intermediate
Redshift
SO GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGY: NEAR-FIELD COSMOLOGY AND THE FORMATION OF THE
MILKY WAY
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Galactic Archaeology - Near-Field Cosmology and the
Formation of the Milky Way
CY NOV 01-04, 2011
CL Shuzenji, JAPAN
SP Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope
ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; HOST GALAXIES;
STAR-FORMATION; LEGACY SURVEY; DARK-ENERGY; SKY SURVEY; PROJECT;
CONSTRAINTS; EXPLOSION
AB It was the observations of distant type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that revealed the expansion of the universe is now accelerating. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011 was awarded for this discovery which implied the existence of a mysterious form of energy, dark energy. We briefly review our SNIa observations with Subaru telescope in collaboration with Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) since 2001 and report the latest results (Suzuki et al. 2012) which doubled the number of SNIa beyond redshift z = 1. We found no obvious deviation from a flat ACDM model in the era when the expansion of the universe turned from deceleration to acceleration. We discuss the future prospects of high-z SNIa cosmology with Hyper Suprime-Cam.
C1 [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Sch Sci, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
[Suzuki, Nao] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Suzuki, Nao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Doi, M (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Sch Sci, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
EM doi@ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
FU Spanish Plan National de Astronomia y Astrof isica [AYA2005-04149]
FX We wish to thank G. A. Tammann, A. Tortosa Andreu, and A. M. Snchez
Quintana for helpful comments. This work was supported by the Spanish
Plan National de Astronomia y Astrof isica under grant AYA2005-04149.
This research made use of HZT SnIa photometric data, NASAs Astrophysics
Data System (ADS), and the Nasa/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED).
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-798-8
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 458
BP 21
EP +
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BCC37
UT WOS:000309700000004
ER
PT B
AU Kuncarayakti, H
Doi, M
Aldering, G
Arimoto, N
Maeda, K
Morokuma, T
Pereira, R
Usuda, T
Hashiba, Y
AF Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo
Doi, Mamoru
Aldering, Greg
Arimoto, Nobuo
Maeda, Keiichi
Morokuma, Tomoki
Pereira, Rui
Usuda, Tomonori
Hashiba, Yasuhito
BE Aoki, W
Ishigaki, M
Suda, T
Tsujimoto, T
Arimoto, N
TI Supernova Progenitor Mass and Metallicity from Integral Field
Spectroscopic Study of the Environment
SO GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGY: NEAR-FIELD COSMOLOGY AND THE FORMATION OF THE
MILKY WAY
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Galactic Archaeology - Near-Field Cosmology and the
Formation of the Milky Way
CY NOV 01-04, 2011
CL Shuzenji, JAPAN
SP Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope
ID MULTIOBJECT SPECTROGRAPH; MODELS
AB We present preliminary results of our investigation of core-collapse supernova (SN) progenitors by studying its immediate environment. We have obtained integral field spectroscopy of 27 SN explosion sites using UH88/SNIFS and Gemini-N/GMOS. This technique enables us to obtain both spatial and spectral information of the stellar populations present at the sites. Metallicity of the stellar population was estimated using strong-line method, while comparison with simple stellar population (SSP) models yields age. This age and metallicity were then adopted for the SN progenitor star since it is assumed to be coeval with the stellar population at the explosion site. We then determined the initial mass of the SN progenitor, whose lifetime corresponds to the age of the parent stellar population. With this strategy we envision to present the first sample of type-IIP/IIL/Ib/Ic SNe with reliable mass and metallicity determination.
C1 [Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo; Doi, Mamoru; Morokuma, Tomoki; Hashiba, Yasuhito] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
[Aldering, Greg] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Arimoto, Nobuo] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
[Maeda, Keiichi] Univ Tokyo, IPMU, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan.
[Pereira, Rui] Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
[Usuda, Tomonori] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA.
RP Kuncarayakti, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan.
EM hanin@ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-798-8
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 458
BP 43
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BCC37
UT WOS:000309700000010
ER
PT B
AU Stancliffe, RJ
Dearborn, DSP
Lattanzio, JC
Heap, SA
Campbell, SW
AF Stancliffe, Richard J.
Dearborn, David S. P.
Lattanzio, John C.
Heap, Stuart A.
Campbell, Simon W.
BE Aoki, W
Ishigaki, M
Suda, T
Tsujimoto, T
Arimoto, N
TI 3D Hydrodynamical Simulations of Proton Ingestion
SO GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGY: NEAR-FIELD COSMOLOGY AND THE FORMATION OF THE
MILKY WAY
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Galactic Archaeology - Near-Field Cosmology and the
Formation of the Milky Way
CY NOV 01-04, 2011
CL Shuzenji, JAPAN
SP Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope
AB We use the 3D stellar structure code Djehuty to model the ingestion of protons in a low-mass, low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch star. We find significant differences between the predictions of our 1D stellar evolution code and the results of our hydrodynamic simulations. The hydrodynamic simulations show that protons are rapidly transported from the tail of the hydrogen burning shell by fast, downward flowing plumes and burning does not take place until the protons are in close proximity to the helium burning shell. We find hydrogen burning luminosities many orders of magnitude in excess of those in the 1D model, but there is no splitting of the convective region. We caution that 1D mixing length theory with diffusive mixing does not give an accurate representation of proton ingestion events.
C1 [Stancliffe, Richard J.] Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia.
[Dearborn, David S. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Lattanzio, John C.; Heap, Stuart A.; Campbell, Simon W.] Monash Univ, Monash Ctr AstroPhys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
RP Stancliffe, RJ (reprint author), Mt Stromlo & Siding Spring Observ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Cotter Rd, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia.
RI Campbell, Simon/C-4887-2013
FU LLNL Grand Challenge Grant; US Department of Energy by Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA2734]; Australian Research
Council Discovery [DP0879472]; [DP0877317]; [DP1095368]
FX We thank the referee, Casey Meakin, for his comments which have helped
to improve this manuscript. We are very grateful to Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory for allowing us access to both djehuty and the
computers necessary to run it on. Without their support, this work would
not have been possible. This work was partially supported by an LLNL
Grand Challenge Grant for the study of convection in stars, under the
auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA2734. RJS is a Stromlo Fellow and
acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery
Projects scheme (grant DP0879472) during his time at Monash. He is
indebted to D. Arnett for illuminating discussions regarding turbulence
and hydrodynamics in general. JCL acknowledges funding from the
Australian Research Council Discovery Projects scheme (grants DP0877317
and DP1095368).
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-798-8
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 458
BP 45
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BCC37
UT WOS:000309700000011
ER
PT S
AU Lee, WH
Choi, WH
Guo, XF
Heineman, WR
Bishop, PL
AF Lee, Woo Hyoung
Choi, Woo-Hyuck
Guo, Xuefei
Heineman, William R.
Bishop, Paul L.
BE Nadagouda, M
Connelly, M
Derin, B
Li, HP
Sekhar, JA
TI Material Science Chemistry of Electrochemical Microsensors and
Applications for Biofilm Research
SO INNOVATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE II
SE Key Engineering Materials
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE Biofilm; Carbon-fiber; Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); Electrochemical
microsensor; Gold; Iridium; Material science chemistry;
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microelectrode array sensor;
Platinum; Three-dimensional microprofile
ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; IRIDIUM OXIDE-FILMS; INTRACORTICAL ELECTRODE
ARRAY; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MICROELECTRODE ARRAY; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN;
SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODES; CHLORINE PENETRATION; NITRIFYING BIOFILMS;
CHARGE INJECTION
AB Microelectrodes, needle-shaped biochemical microsensors fabricated from pulled glass micropipettes, are one of the most prominent, novel methods for studying biofilms. The pulled glass tip can have a diameter of 3-20 mu m, allowing for the measurement of the concentrations of specific biological and chemical compounds in microbial communities. Net specific consumption and production rates (i.e., biological activity) at a certain depth can be estimated from the measured concentration profiles. This article is focused on solid-state, needle-type, electrochemical microsensors for detecting important water quality parameters (e.g., oxygen, pH, nitrite, chlorine species, redox, and phosphate). Sensing materials include gold (including a gold-electroplated sensing surface), platinum, carbon-fiber, carbon nanotube, iridium, and cobalt. Emphasis is placed on the material science chemistry behind how electrochemical microelectrode sensors operate. Innovative applications of microsensors, including microelectromechanical systems, (MEMS) microelectrode array sensor microfabrication, and three-dimensional microprofile measurement and interpretation will also be demonstrated. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a relatively new member in the carbon family and are being used in biofilm research. Distinctive properties of CNTs and the relationship between structure and their electrochemistry performance are discussed. The electrochemical application of CNTs is focused on nitrite detection.
C1 [Lee, Woo Hyoung] US EPA, ORISE, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
[Choi, Woo-Hyuck] Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Guo, Xuefei; Heineman, William R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
[Bishop, Paul L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
RP Lee, WH (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EM lee.woohyoung@epa.gov; woo.h.choi@gmail.com; guoxe@mail.uc.edu;
william.heineman@uc.edu; bishop@egr.uri.edu
NR 133
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 6
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI STAFA-ZURICH
PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 1013-9826
J9 KEY ENG MATER
PY 2012
VL 521
BP 113
EP 139
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.521.113
PG 27
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BCD79
UT WOS:000309891900008
ER
PT J
AU Pimont, F
Dupuy, JL
Linn, RR
AF Pimont, F.
Dupuy, J. -L.
Linn, R. R.
TI Coupled slope and wind effects on fire spread with influences of fire
size: a numerical study using FIRETEC
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
LA English
DT Article
DE blow-up; fire behaviour; fire length; fire width; physical modeling
ID FUEL-BREAK; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; SIMULATIONS; CANOPY; FLOWS
AB Wind and slope are commonly accepted to be major environmental factors affecting the manner in which wildfires propagate. Fire-line width has been observed as having a significant effect on fire behaviour in some experimental fires. Most wildfire behaviour models and fire behaviour prediction systems take wind and slope effects into account when determining the rate of spread, but do not take into account the influence of fire width on the coupled effects of slope and wind. In the present study, the effect of topographic slope on rate of spread under weak (1 m s(-1)), moderate (5 m s(-1)) and strong (12 m s(-1)) wind speeds is investigated for two different initial fire widths (20 and 50 m) in a typical Mediterranean garrigue, using the coupled atmosphere-fire HIGRAD-FIRETEC model. The results show non-trivial combined effects and suggest a strong effect of fire width under low-wind conditions, especially for steep slopes. Simulated spread rates were compared with predictions of existing models of operational systems and a reasonable agreement was found. Additional exploratory simulations of fire behaviour in small canyons are provided. These simulations show how combined effects of wind, slope and fire-front size can induce different fire behaviours that operational models could fail to predict and provide insight that could be valuable for analysis of blow-up fires. These preliminary results also suggest that 3D physically based models could be used in the future to investigate how operational models can include non-local effects of fire propagation.
C1 [Pimont, F.; Dupuy, J. -L.] INRA, UR Ecol Forets Mediterraneennes Site Agroparc 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France.
[Linn, R. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
RP Pimont, F (reprint author), INRA, UR Ecol Forets Mediterraneennes Site Agroparc 629, F-84914 Avignon 9, France.
EM pimont@avignon.inra.fr
FU European Commission in the framework of the FIREPARADOX research program
[FP6-018505]; ONF
FX This study was partially funded by the European Commission in the
framework of the FIREPARADOX research program (contract FP6-018505) and
the ONF. In addition, the LANL Institutional Computing Program and the
US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station have supported this
work through access to the requisite high-performance computing
resources and continued support for FIRETEC development and application
respectively.
NR 31
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 18
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1049-8001
J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE
JI Int. J. Wildland Fire
PY 2012
VL 21
IS 7
BP 828
EP 842
DI 10.1071/WF11122
PG 15
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 023AD
UT WOS:000310004400004
ER
PT J
AU Gonzalez, JJ
Oropeza, DD
Longerich, H
Mao, XL
Russo, RE
AF Gonzalez, Jhanis J.
Oropeza, Dayana D.
Longerich, Henry
Mao, Xianglei
Russo, Richard E.
TI Rapid bulk analysis using femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled
plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS MEASUREMENTS; 266 NM; GLAZED
CERAMICS; ND-YAG; NANOSECOND; POLYMERS; GLASSES; METALS
AB Laser Ablation (LA) for direct solid sampling has advanced to provide accuracy and precision similar to that obtained using SN. Analytical performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, and limits of detection obtained when using femtosecond lasers are similar to those by SN. The reason for this improved performance is that the femtosecond laser produces essentially mono-disperse nanometer sized particles that are relatively easily digested in the ICP. In addition, the femtosecond laser material interaction is a photophysical process significantly reducing melting and elemental fractionation. A remaining aspect of ablation sampling is representative sampling; how much mass must be ablated to accurately analyze an inhomogeneous sample. The quantity of sample needed for bulk analysis is dependent on the inhomogeneity (or heterogeneity). Obviously, this same issue exists with sample digestion, and milligrams to grams of material are used to address this requirement. Laser ablation is beneficial in that only micrograms or less of sample are needed for the analysis. However, for bulk analysis of an inhomogeneous sample, the question is how much mass is required to adequately represent the bulk sample, and maintain the benefits of no sample digestion. The goal of this study was to demonstrate bulk analysis of a homogeneous and inhomogeneous sample by ablating large sample volumes using a high repetition rate (20 kHz) femtosecond pulsed laser. This approach is beneficial for bulk analysis of heterogeneous samples, for rapid analysis of difficult to dissolve samples, and for analyzing impurities over a large surface of homogeneous samples.
C1 [Gonzalez, Jhanis J.; Oropeza, Dayana D.; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Longerich, Henry] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Earth Sci, St John, NF A1B 3X5, Canada.
[Longerich, Henry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Earth Resources Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Gonzalez, Jhanis J.] Appl Spectra Inc, Fremont, CA 94720 USA.
RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM rerusso@lbl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences
Division, and the Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear
Nonproliferation, Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nonproliferation
Research and Development of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract
no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 30
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 20
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0267-9477
J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM
JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom.
PY 2012
VL 27
IS 9
BP 1405
EP 1412
DI 10.1039/c2ja10368k
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA 985YO
UT WOS:000307306600005
ER
PT S
AU Kalligiannaki, E
Katsoulakis, MA
Plechac, P
AF Kalligiannaki, Evangelia
Katsoulakis, Markos A.
Plechac, Petr
BE Engquist, B
Runborg, O
Tsai, YHR
TI Coupled Coarse Graining and Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Lattice Systems
SO NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONS
SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Workshop on Numerical Analysis and Multiscale Computations
CY DEC 06-11, 2009
CL Banff Int Res Stn, Banff, CANADA
SP NSERC, CRSNG, NSF, CONACYT, Alberta Innovates
HO Banff Int Res Stn
ID DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; POLYMER MELTS; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES;
SIMULATION; SCHEMES; MODELS; SCALE; BACK
AB We propose an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for sampling equilibrium distributions for stochastic lattice models. The method is capable of handling correctly and efficiently long and short-range particle interactions. The proposed method is a Metropolis-type algorithm with the proposal probability transition matrix based on the coarse-grained approximating measures introduced in (Katsoulakis et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(3):782-787, 2003; Katsoulakis et al. ESAIM-Math. Model. Numer. Anal. 41(3):627-660, 2007). The proposed algorithm reduces the computational cost due to energy differences and has comparable mixing properties with the classical microscopic Metropolis algorithm, controlled by the level of coarsening and reconstruction procedure. The properties and effectiveness of the algorithm are demonstrated with an exactly solvable example of a one dimensional Ising-type model, comparing efficiency of the single spin-flip Metropolis dynamics and the proposed coupled Metropolis algorithm.
C1 [Plechac, Petr] Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, 1900 Laurel Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA.
[Kalligiannaki, Evangelia] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Computat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Katsoulakis, Markos A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math Appl, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
RP Plechac, P (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, 1900 Laurel Ave, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA.
EM evy@ornl.gov; markos@math.umass.edu; plechac@math.utk.edu
RI Katsoulakis, Markos/P-6668-2014; Kalligiannaki, Evangelia/N-2660-2015
OI Kalligiannaki, Evangelia/0000-0003-2716-5596
FU National Science Foundation [NSFCMMI-0835582]
FX The research of E.K. was supported by the National Science Foundation
under the grant NSFCMMI-0835582.
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 1439-7358
BN 978-3-642-21942-9
J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI
PY 2012
VL 82
BP 235
EP +
DI 10.1007/978-3-642-21943-6_11
PG 4
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA BCH09
UT WOS:000310180800011
ER
PT J
AU Griffa, M
Ferdowsi, B
Daub, EG
Guyer, RA
Johnson, PA
Marone, C
Carmeliet, J
AF Griffa, M.
Ferdowsi, B.
Daub, E. G.
Guyer, R. A.
Johnson, P. A.
Marone, C.
Carmeliet, J.
TI Meso-mechanical analysis of deformation characteristics for dynamically
triggered slip in a granular medium
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
DE granular media; affine and non-affine deformations; dynamic earthquake
triggering; stick-slip instability
ID 3D NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; LATTICE SOLID MODEL; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS;
STICK-SLIP; EARTHQUAKE; SEISMICITY; FRICTION; SHEAR; ASSEMBLIES;
CALIFORNIA
AB The deformation characteristics of a sheared granular layer during stick-slip are studied from a meso-mechanical viewpoint, both in the absence and in the presence of externally applied vibration. The ultimate goal is to characterize the physics of dynamic earthquake triggering, where one earthquake, i.e., slip on one fault, is triggered via the seismic waves radiated by another spatially and temporally distant seismic event. Toward this goal, we performed Discrete Element Method simulations of a two-dimensional packing of disks, mimicking a mature geologic fault. These simulations were used to investigate the affine and non-affine deformations inside the granular layer and their spatial-temporal evolution across the stick-slip cycle. The simulation results show that slip in general is accompanied by the appearance of localized regions with high values of both affine and non-affine deformations. These regions are temporally correlated and are mainly concentrated in a shear zone at the interface between the granular layer and the driving block. Dynamic triggering is found to initiate slip when vibration is applied late in the stick-slip cycle, when the system is close to a critical state. It is also found that vibration itself introduces a large amount of affine and non-affine strains, which leads to the initiation of slip at lower shear stress than an equivalent slip event without vibration.
C1 [Griffa, M.; Ferdowsi, B.; Carmeliet, J.] ETH, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol EMPA, CH-8600 Zurich, Switzerland.
[Daub, E. G.; Guyer, R. A.; Johnson, P. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Solid Earth Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Daub, E. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Guyer, R. A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
[Marone, C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Marone, C.] Penn State Univ, G3 Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Marone, C.] Penn State Univ, Energy Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
[Carmeliet, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich ETHZ, Chair Bldg Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
RP Griffa, M (reprint author), ETH, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol EMPA, Domain Uberlandstr 129, CH-8600 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM michele.griffa@empa.ch
OI Ferdowsi, Behrooz (Bruce)/0000-0003-3406-7273; Johnson,
Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003
FU Swiss National Science Foundation [206021-128754, 200021-135492]; LDRD
Program (Institutional Support) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Department of Energy, USA
FX We would like to thank D. Weatherley and S. Abe for support during the
implementation of our DEM model in the ESyS-Particle code and D.
Passerone and C. Pignedoli for the help related with the use of the High
Performance Computing cluster Ipazia at EMPA. Our work has been
supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects No.
206021-128754 and No. 200021-135492) and by the LDRD Program
(Institutional Support) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Department of Energy, USA.
NR 53
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1478-6435
EI 1478-6443
J9 PHILOS MAG
JI Philos. Mag.
PY 2012
VL 92
IS 28-30
SI SI
BP 3520
EP 3539
DI 10.1080/14786435.2012.700417
PG 20
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA 024VE
UT WOS:000310136500009
ER
PT J
AU Xu, ZJ
Rosso, KM
Bruemmer, S
AF Xu, Zhijie
Rosso, Kevin M.
Bruemmer, Stephen
TI Metal oxidation kinetics and the transition from thin to thick films
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE-FILMS; GROWTH
AB We report an investigation of growth kinetics and transition from thin to thick films during metal oxidation. In the thin film limit (<20 nm), Cabrera and Mott's theory is usually adopted by explicitly considering ionic drift through the oxide in response to electric fields, where the growth kinetics follow an inverse logarithmic law log(dl/dt) proportional to 1/l. It is generally accepted that Wagner's theory, involving self-diffusion, is valid only in the limit of thick film regime (> 1 mu m) and leads to parabolic growth kinetics dl/dt proportional to 1/l, where l is the oxide film thickness. Theory presented here unifies the two models and provides a complete description of oxidation including the transition from thin to thick film. The range of validity of Cabrera and Mott's theory and Wagner's theory can be well defined in terms of the Debye-Huckel screening length. The transition from drift-dominated ionic transport for thin film to diffusion-dominated transport for thick film is found to strictly follow the direct logarithmic law log(dl/dt) p proportional to -l that is frequently observed in many experiments.
C1 [Xu, Zhijie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Computat Math Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Bruemmer, Stephen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Computat Math Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM zhijie.xu@pnnl.gov
RI Xu, Zhijie/A-1627-2009
OI Xu, Zhijie/0000-0003-0459-4531
FU S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, Materials Science program
FX This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials
Science program.
NR 18
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 3
U2 41
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 42
BP 14534
EP 14539
DI 10.1039/c2cp42760e
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 018NH
UT WOS:000309667100013
PM 23010921
ER
PT J
AU Lee, B
AF Lee, B.
TI A MULTIGRID FRAMEWORK FOR S-n DISCRETIZATIONS OF THE BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT
EQUATION
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Boltzmann equation; multigrid method; S-n discretizations; Schur
complement smoothing
ID DIFFUSION SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION
AB The space-angle multiple/semicoarsening multigrid methods of [B. Lee, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 31 (2010), pp. 4744-4773] for S-n discretizations of the Boltzmann transport equation were developed assuming rediscretizations of the streaming-collision operators on the coarser spatial grids. These rediscretized operators are directly used in the kernels of the spatial coarse-level scalar flux integral equations. Since the computational procedure of these methods is essentially performed on these integral equations, it appears that the multigrid procedure is applied directly to the finest level scalar flux integral equation rather than to the finest level S-n system. However, this procedure is actually implicitly applied to the finest level S-n system. It would be beneficial to relate the multiple/semicoarsening methods directly to the full S-n system or, better yet, to develop a general multigrid framework for the full S-n system, of which the multiple/semicoarsening methods are particular cases. This general framework can help guide the development of multigrid algorithms for more general S-n discretization settings, such as when spatial rediscretization of the integral equation kernel cannot be applied. In this latter case, applying an operator-dependent Galerkin coarsening procedure to the integral operator is difficult because the kernel is dense and often given only by its action, i.e., numerically sweeping over all the streaming-collision operators. In this paper, we develop and analyze a multigrid framework that is applied directly to the S-n system and encompasses the multiple/semicoarsening methods. We further relate this framework to a multigrid method that directly coarsens the integral operator using a Galerkin coarsening procedure. A key component in developing this framework is to relate the smoothing of the multiple/semicoarsening methods to an approximate Schur complement smoothing on the full S-n system. In this paper, this relation is established, and the smoothing and approximation properties are derived for the multigrid procedure induced by this framework.
C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Lee, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM Barry.Lee@pnnl.gov
FU U.S. Government
FX This work was performed by an employee of the U.S. Government or under
U.S. Government contract. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive,
royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this
contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.
Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these rights.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 1064-8275
J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT
JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput.
PY 2012
VL 34
IS 4
BP A2018
EP A2047
DI 10.1137/110841199
PG 30
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 029DT
UT WOS:000310475700008
ER
PT J
AU Young, J
Ridzal, D
AF Young, Joseph
Ridzal, Denis
TI AN APPLICATION OF RANDOM PROJECTION TO PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN PARTIAL
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE parameter estimation; inverse problems; random projection; PDE
constrained optimization
ID RESTRICTED ISOMETRY PROPERTY
AB In this article, we use a dimension reduction technique called random projection to reduce the computational cost of estimating unknown parameters in models based on partial differential equations (PDEs). In this setting, the repeated numerical solution of the discrete PDE model dominates the cost of parameter estimation. In turn, the size of the discretized PDE corresponds directly to the number of physical experiments. As the number of experiments grows, parameter estimation becomes prohibitively expensive. In order to reduce this cost, we develop an algorithmic technique based on random projection that solves the parameter estimation problem using a much smaller number of so-called encoded experiments. Encoded experiments amount to nothing more than random sums of physical experiments. Using this construction, we provide a lower bound for the required number of encoded experiments. This bound holds in a probabilistic sense and is independent of the number of physical experiments. Finally, we demonstrate our approach on a parameter estimation problem governed by Poisson's equation.
C1 [Young, Joseph; Ridzal, Denis] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Young, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1320,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM josyoun@sandia.gov; dridzal@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
[DE-AC04-94AL85000]; NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing Program under
the Computer Science Research Foundation
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Research
sponsored by the NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing Program under the
Computer Science Research Foundation. The U.S. Government retains a
nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published
form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government
purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not limited by these
rights.
NR 16
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 2
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 1064-8275
J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT
JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput.
PY 2012
VL 34
IS 4
BP A2344
EP A2365
DI 10.1137/11084666X
PG 22
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 029DT
UT WOS:000310475700021
ER
PT J
AU Alldredge, GW
Hauck, CD
Tits, AL
AF Alldredge, Graham W.
Hauck, Cory D.
Tits, Andre L.
TI HIGH-ORDER ENTROPY-BASED CLOSURES FOR LINEAR TRANSPORT IN SLAB GEOMETRY
II: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE convex optimization; realizability; kinetic theory; transport;
entropy-based closures; moment equations
ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER EQUATION; LIMITED
NEUTRINO DIFFUSION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; MOMENT CLOSURE; HYDRODYNAMICAL
MODEL; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; CARRIER TRANSPORT; EDDINGTON FACTORS;
ASYMPTOTIC LIMIT
AB We present a numerical algorithm to implement entropy-based (M-N) moment models in the context of a simple, linear kinetic equation for particles moving through a material slab. The closure for these models-as is the case for all entropy-based models-is derived through the solution of a constrained, convex optimization problem. The algorithm has two components. The first component is a discretization of the moment equations which preserves the set of realizable moments, thereby ensuring that the optimization problem has a solution (in exact arithmetic). The discretization is a second-order kinetic scheme which uses MUSCL-type limiting in space and a strong-stability-preserving, Runge-Kutta time integrator. The second component of the algorithm is a Newton-based solver for the dual optimization problem, which uses an adaptive quadrature to evaluate integrals in the dual objective and its derivatives. The accuracy of the numerical solution to the dual problem plays a key role in the time step restriction for the kinetic scheme. We study in detail the difficulties in the dual problem that arise near the boundary of realizable moments, where quadrature formulas are less reliable and the Hessian of the dual objective function is highly illconditioned. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to illustrate these difficulties. In cases where the dual problem becomes "too difficult" to solve numerically, we propose a regularization technique to artificially move moments away from the realizable boundary in a way that still preserves local particle concentrations. We present results of numerical simulations for two challenging test problems in order to quantify the characteristics of the optimization solver and to investigate when and how frequently the regularization is needed.
C1 [Alldredge, Graham W.; Tits, Andre L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Alldredge, Graham W.; Tits, Andre L.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
[Hauck, Cory D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Computat Math Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Alldredge, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM gwa@umd.edu; hauckc@ornl.gov; andre@umd.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DESC0001862]; Office of Advanced Scientific
Computing Research; UT-Battelle, LLC [De-AC05-00OR22725]
FX The research of the first and third authors was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy under grant DESC0001862.; This author's research
was sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research
and performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by
UT-Battelle, LLC under contract De-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 62
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 3
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 1064-8275
EI 1095-7197
J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT
JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput.
PY 2012
VL 34
IS 4
BP B361
EP B391
DI 10.1137/11084772X
PG 31
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 029DT
UT WOS:000310475700024
ER
PT J
AU Buluc, A
Gilbert, JR
AF Buluc, Aydin
Gilbert, John R.
TI PARALLEL SPARSE MATRIX-MATRIX MULTIPLICATION AND INDEXING:
IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTS
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE parallel computing; numerical linear algebra; sparse matrix-matrix
multiplication; SpGEMM; sparse matrix indexing; sparse matrix
assignment; two-dimensional data decomposition; hypersparsity; graph
algorithms; sparse SUMMA; subgraph extraction; graph contraction; graph
batch update
ID COMMUNICATION; ALGORITHM; DESIGN; BLAS
AB Generalized sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (or SpGEMM) is a key primitive for many high performance graph algorithms as well as for some linear solvers, such as algebraic multigrid. Here we show that SpGEMM also yields efficient algorithms for general sparse-matrix indexing in distributed memory, provided that the underlying SpGEMM implementation is sufficiently flexible and scalable. We demonstrate that our parallel SpGEMM methods, which use two-dimensional block data distributions with serial hypersparse kernels, are indeed highly flexible, scalable, and memory-efficient in the general case. This algorithm is the first to yield increasing speedup on an unbounded number of processors; our experiments show scaling up to thousands of processors in a variety of test scenarios.
C1 [Buluc, Aydin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Gilbert, John R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Buluc, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM abuluc@lbl.gov; gilbert@cs.ucsb.edu
OI Buluc, Aydin/0000-0001-7253-9038
FU NSF [CNS-0709385]; Intel Corporation; Microsoft Corporation; ASCR Office
in the DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant CNS-0709385 and by grants
from Intel Corporation and Microsoft Corporation. The U.S. Government
retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the
published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S.
Government purposes. Copyright is owned by SIAM to the extent not
limited by these rights.; This author's work was supported by the ASCR
Office in the DOE Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 36
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 13
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 1064-8275
J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT
JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput.
PY 2012
VL 34
IS 4
BP C170
EP C191
DI 10.1137/110848244
PG 22
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 029DT
UT WOS:000310475700032
ER
PT J
AU Gao, X
Nielsen, E
Muller, RP
Young, RW
Salinger, AG
Bishop, NC
Carroll, MS
AF Gao, X.
Nielsen, E.
Muller, R. P.
Young, R. W.
Salinger, A. G.
Bishop, N. C.
Carroll, M. S.
GP IEEE
TI The QCAD Framework for Quantum Device Modeling
SO 2012 15TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL ELECTRONICS (IWCE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Workshop on Computational Electronics (IWCE)
CY MAY 22-25, 2012
CL Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn, Madison, WI
SP NSF, Quantum Wise, Springer, IEEE, Electron Device Soc (EDS), APS Phys, Div Computat Phys
HO Univ Wisconsin-Madison, Coll Engn
DE QCAD; Quantum devices; DQDs; qubit; Optimization
AB We present the Quantum Computer Aided Design (QCAD) simulator that targets modeling quantum devices, particularly Si double quantum dots (DQDs) developed for quantum computing. The simulator core includes Poisson, Schrodinger, and Configuration Interaction solvers which can be run individually or combined self-consistently. The simulator is built upon Sandia-developed Trilinos and Albany components, and is interfaced with the Dakota optimization tool. It is being developed for seamless integration, high flexibility and throughput, and is intended to be open source. The QCAD tool has been used to simulate a large number of fabricated silicon DQDs and has provided fast feedback for design comparison and optimization.
C1 [Gao, X.; Nielsen, E.; Muller, R. P.; Young, R. W.; Salinger, A. G.; Bishop, N. C.; Carroll, M. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Gao, X (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
EM xngao@sandia.gov; enielse@sandia.gov; rmuller@sandia.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0705-5
PY 2012
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BCC48
UT WOS:000309721800014
ER
PT S
AU Schendel, ER
Jin, Y
Shah, N
Chen, J
Chang, CS
Ku, SH
Ethier, S
Klasky, S
Latham, R
Ross, R
Samatova, NF
AF Schendel, Eric R.
Jin, Ye
Shah, Neil
Chen, Jackie
Chang, C. S.
Ku, Seung-Hoe
Ethier, Stephane
Klasky, Scott
Latham, Robert
Ross, Robert
Samatova, Nagiza F.
GP IEEE
TI ISOBAR Preconditioner for Effective and High-throughput Lossless Data
Compression
SO 2012 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING (ICDE)
SE IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 28th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)
CY APR 01-05, 2012
CL Washington, DC
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Microsoft, Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), EMC, Greenplum, HP, IBM Res, Google
ID FLOATING-POINT DATA; IMAGE COMPRESSION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MAPREDUCE
AB Efficient handling of large volumes of data is a necessity for exascale scientific applications and database systems. To address the growing imbalance between the amount of available storage and the amount of data being produced by high speed (FLOPS) processors on the system, data must be compressed to reduce the total amount of data placed on the file systems. General-purpose lossless compression frameworks, such as zlib and bzlib2, are commonly used on datasets requiring lossless compression. Quite often, however, many scientific data sets compress poorly, referred to as hard-to-compress datasets, due to the negative impact of highly entropic content represented within the data. An important problem in better lossless data compression is to identify the hard-to-compress information and subsequently optimize the compression techniques at the byte-level. To address this challenge, we introduce the In-Situ Orthogonal Byte Aggregate Reduction Compression (ISOBAR-compress) methodology as a preconditioner of lossless compression to identify and optimize the compression efficiency and throughput of hard-to-compress datasets.
C1 [Schendel, Eric R.; Jin, Ye; Shah, Neil; Samatova, Nagiza F.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Schendel, Eric R.; Jin, Ye; Shah, Neil; Klasky, Scott; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Chen, Jackie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Ku, Seung-Hoe] NYU, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10012 USA.
[Chang, C. S.; Ethier, Stephane] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
[Latham, Robert; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu
OI Latham, Rob/0000-0002-5285-6375; Schendel, Eric/0000-0002-0144-7256
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center)
[DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256,
DE-FOA-0000257]; U.S. National Science Foundation; Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
FX We would like to acknowledge the use of resources at ORNLs and ANLs
leadership class computing facilities, OLCF and ALCF, respectively.
Also, we appreciate the use of the datasets available from the Flash
Center for Computational Science. This work was supported in part by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center,
DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256,
DE-FOA-0000257) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Expeditions in
Computing). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for
the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725.
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 19
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1084-4627
J9 PROC INT CONF DATA
PY 2012
BP 138
EP 149
DI 10.1109/ICDE.2012.114
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ16
UT WOS:000309122100016
ER
PT J
AU Cui, YT
Chinthavali, MS
Xu, F
Tolbert, LM
AF Cui, Yutian
Chinthavali, Madhu S.
Xu, Fan
Tolbert, Leon M.
GP IEEE
TI Characterization and Modeling of Silicon Carbide Power Devices and
Paralleling Operation
SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS (ISIE)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 21st IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)
CY MAY 28-31, 2012
CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers (IEEE), IEEE Ind Elect Soc (IES), Zhejiang Univ, Mitsubishi Elect & Elect, Fuji Elect, RS Components, Delta Elect, Silergy, Xiamen Kehua Hengsheng
ID 3-PHASE INVERTER
AB This paper presents recent research on several silicon carbide (SiC) power devices. The devices have been tested for both static and dynamic characteristics, which show the advantages over their Si counterparts. The temperature dependency of these characteristics has also been presented in this paper. Then, simulation work of paralleling operation of SiC power MOSFETs based on a verified device model in Pspice is presented to show the impact of parasitics in the circuit on the switching performance.
C1 [Cui, Yutian; Xu, Fan; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Chinthavali, Madhu S.; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM ycui7@utk.edu; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; fxu6@utk.edu; tolbert@utk.edu
OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0158-9
PY 2012
BP 228
EP 233
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ14
UT WOS:000309118100036
ER
PT S
AU Chang, J
Paulson, C
Welsh, P
AF Chang, John
Paulson, Christine
Welsh, Patrick
GP IEEE
TI Development of Micropower Ultrawideband Impulse Radar Medical Diagnostic
Systems for Continuous Monitoring Applications and Austere Environments
SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR)
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR)
CY MAY 07-11, 2012
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect
AB This paper discusses the application of Micropower Ultrawideband Impulse Radar (MUIR) technology to the detection and monitoring of intracranial hemorrhage. MUIR is ideally suited for medical diagnostic and monitoring applications because the emitted electromagnetic radiation is non-ionizing and has both peak and average power levels that are orders of magnitude lower than those of a hand-held cell phone. Furthermore, MUIR can be readily packaged into handheld, battery operated form factors. There are numerous applications for such a device: rural settings with limited CT access; field use where excessive hemodynamic instability may preclude patient transport; natural disaster or conflict events that require on-site triage; and for hospital bedside monitoring. In experimental phantoms and in a small human subjects study, MUIR technology successfully detects reflected signals from near-surface hematomas. These investigations suggest the feasibility of developing MUIR-based systems for pre-hospital or bedside diagnostic applications to assist with early diagnosis, triage, and treatment planning.
C1 [Chang, John; Paulson, Christine; Welsh, Patrick] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Chang, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM chang16@llnl.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4673-0658-4
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BCA05
UT WOS:000309340600128
ER
PT S
AU Sen, S
Glover, CW
AF Sen, Satyabrata
Glover, Charles W.
GP IEEE
TI Frequency Adaptability and Waveform Design for OFDM Radar Space-Time
Adaptive Processing
SO 2012 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR)
SE IEEE Radar Conference
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR)
CY MAY 07-11, 2012
CL Atlanta, GA
SP IEEE, IEEE, Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc (AESS), IEEE Atlanta Sect
ID ARRAYS; STAP
AB We propose an adaptive waveform design technique for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar signal employing a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) technique. We observe that there are inherent variabilities of the target and interference responses in the frequency domain. Therefore, the use of an OFDM signal can not only increase the frequency diversity of our system, but also improve the target detectability by adaptively modifying the OFDM-coefficients in order to exploit the frequency-variabilities of the scenario. First, we formulate a realistic OFDM-STAP measurement model considering the sparse nature of the target and interference spectra in the spatio-temporal domain. Then, we show that the optimal STAP-filter weight-vector is equal to the generalized eigenvector corresponding to the minimum generalized eigenvalue of the interference and target covariance matrices. With numerical examples we demonstrate that the resultant OFDM-STAP filter-weights are adaptable to the frequency-variabilities of the target and interference responses, in addition to the spatio-temporal variabilities. Hence, by better utilizing the frequency variabilities, we propose an adaptive OFDM-waveform design technique, and consequently gain a significant amount of STAP-performance improvement.
C1 [Sen, Satyabrata; Glover, Charles W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Sen, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM sens@ornl.gov; glovercw@ornl.gov
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1097-5764
BN 978-1-4673-0658-4
J9 IEEE RAD CONF
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BCA05
UT WOS:000309340600042
ER
PT J
AU Lakshminarasimhan, S
Kumar, P
Liao, WK
Choudhary, A
Kumar, V
Samatova, NF
AF Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram
Kumar, Prabhat
Liao, Wei-keng
Choudhary, Alok
Kumar, Vipin
Samatova, Nagiza F.
GP IEEE
TI On the Path to Sustainable, Scalable, and Energy-efficient Data
Analytics: Challenges, Promises, and Future Directions
SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL GREEN COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IGCC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Green Computing Conference (IGCC)
CY JUN 05-08, 2012
CL San Jose, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc
AB As scientific data is reaching exascale, scalable and energy efficient data analytics is quickly becoming a top notch priority. Yet, a sustainable solution to this problem is hampered by a number of technical challenges that get exacerbated with the emerging hardware and software technology trends. In this paper, we present a number of recently created "secret sauces" that promise to address some of these challenges. We discuss transformative approaches to efficient data reduction, analytics-driven query processing, scalable analytical kernels, approximate analytics, among others. We propose a number of future directions that could be pursued on the path to sustainable data analytics at scale.
C1 [Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Kumar, Prabhat; Liao, Wei-keng; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA.
[Kumar, Vipin] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA.
RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; U.S. National Science
Foundation (Expeditions in Computing); Oak Ridge National Laboratory
[DEAC05000R22725]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Science and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Expeditions in
Computing). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for
the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05000R22725.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-2154-9
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BCE09
UT WOS:000309942300021
ER
PT J
AU Sabolish, M
Amer, A
Kroeger, TM
AF Sabolish, Michael
Amer, Ahmed
Kroeger, Thomas M.
GP IEEE
TI A Distributed Approach to Taming Peak Demand
SO 2012 INTERNATIONAL GREEN COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IGCC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 3rd International Green Computing Conference (IGCC)
CY JUN 05-08, 2012
CL San Jose, CA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc
ID CONTROLLER
AB A significant portion of all energy capacity is wasted in over-provisioning to meet peak demand. The current state-of-the-art in reducing peak demand requires central authorities to limit device usage directly, and are generally reactive. We apply techniques drawn from established distributed computing principles to propose a novel and proactive solution to decentralize management of demand and to provide a more scalable and resilient approach to reducing overall peak demand. We demonstrate that such a system approaches the performance of an ideal centralized control authority, and experimentally demonstrate a 10-25% reduction in peak energy demand under conservative assumptions. Under worst-case demand scenarios, our approach has the potential to reduce peak demand by 65-85%.
C1 [Sabolish, Michael; Amer, Ahmed] Santa Clara Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA.
[Kroeger, Thomas M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Syst & Secur Res, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Sabolish, M (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-2154-9
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BCE09
UT WOS:000309942300042
ER
PT S
AU Weber, R
Peterson, GD
Hettich, R
AF Weber, Rick
Peterson, Gregory D.
Hettich, Robert
GP IEEE
TI For Three Easy Payments: Scoring Peptides With Portable Performance
Using Specmaster
SO 2012 SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATION ACCELERATORS IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING
(SAAHPC)
SE Symposium on Application Accelerators in High-Performance Computing
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on Application Accelerators in High Performance Computing
(SAAHPC)
CY JUL 10-11, 2012
CL Argonne, IL
SP CRAY, Intel Corp, NVIDIA Corp, Penguin Comp, Rogue Wave Software, Argonne Natl Lab, NCSA, Natl Inst Computat Sci (NICS)
DE OpenCL; Specmaster; Mass Spectrometry; Myrimatch; Shotgun Proteomics
ID TANDEM; IDENTIFICATION; ACCURATE
AB In shotgun proteomics, matching peptides to tandem mass spectrometry data is a computationally expensive process that in some cases can take days using conventional software packages. Even though many existing search engines such as Sequest, Myrimatch, and X!Tandem now exploit multiple processors via threading libraries, they leave much on the table in terms of performance and don't exploit computational accelerators. In this paper, we present Specmaster, a Myrimatch implementation written in OpenCL with performance portability in mind. We demonstrate the same Specmaster codebase outperforming Myrimatch by several fold on 32-core AMD and Intel x86 machines and by nearly an order of magnitude on both an AMD Radeon 7970 and Nvidia GTX 480. We describe the rationale behind Specmaster's design, and how to gain portable performance on a plethora of architectures using OpenCL.
C1 [Weber, Rick; Peterson, Gregory D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Hettich, Robert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Anal Technol Bioenergy & Environm, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Weber, R (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM fweber1@utk.edu; gdp@utk.edu; hettichrl@ornl.gov
RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016
OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X
FU National Science Foundation [0801540, 0625598]
FX We would like to thank SCALE-IT (NSF grant 0801540) and The National
Science Foundation (NSF CHE-0625598) for funding this research as well
Intel for loaning a machine to benchmark their Sandy Bridge processors.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA
SN 2166-515X
BN 978-0-7695-4838-8
J9 S APP ACC HIGH-PERF
PY 2012
BP 102
EP 110
DI 10.1109/SAAHPC.2012.20
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BCE14
UT WOS:000309942800012
ER
PT B
AU Hudson, HS
Acton, LW
DeLuca, EE
Hannah, IG
Reardon, K
Van Bibber, K
AF Hudson, H. S.
Acton, L. W.
DeLuca, E. E.
Hannah, I. G.
Reardon, K.
Van Bibber, K.
BE Rubio, LRB
Reale, F
Carlsson, M
TI X-Ray Searches for Solar Axions
SO 4TH HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: UNSOLVED PROBLEMS AND RECENT INSIGHTS
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Hinode Science Meeting on Unsolved Problems and Recent Insights
CY OCT 11-15, 2010
CL Mondello, ITALY
SP Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Fis, INAF, Osservatorio Astronom Palermo, Assemblea Reg Siciliana, Presidenza Consiglio Provincia Reg Palmero
ID QUIET-SUN; SPECTRUM; RHESSI; LIMITS
AB Axioms generated thermally in the solar core can convert nearly directly to X-rays as they pass through the solar atmosphere via interaction with the magnetic field. The result of this conversion process would be a diffuse centrally-concentrated source of few-keV X-rays at disk center; it would have a known dimension, of order 10% of the solar diameter, and a spectral distribution resembling the blackbody spectrum of the solar core. Its spatial structure in detail would depend on the distribution of mass and field in the solar atmosphere. The brightness of the source depends upon these factors as well as the unknown coupling constant and the unknown mass of the axion; this particle is hypothetical and no firm evidence for its existence has been found yet. We describe the solar magnetic environment as an axion/photon converter and discuss the upper limits obtained by existing and dedicated observations from three solar X-ray observatories: Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode.
C1 [Hudson, H. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Acton, L. W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[DeLuca, E. E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Hudson, H. S.; Hannah, I. G.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland.
[Reardon, K.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy.
[Van Bibber, K.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA.
[Van Bibber, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Hudson, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM hhudson@ssl.berkeley.edu; edeluca@cfa.harvard.edu;
kreardon@arcetri.astro.it
RI Hannah, Iain/F-1972-2011
OI Hannah, Iain/0000-0003-1193-8603
FU NASA [NAS 5-98033]
FX This research was supported by NASA under contract NAS 5-98033 for
RHESSI. We thank many persons on the Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode teams,
and especially the latter two because of the special observations
obtained for these searches.
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-792-6
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 455
BP 25
EP +
PG 3
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BCC73
UT WOS:000309734100003
ER
PT S
AU Boyce, JR
AF Boyce, James R.
CA LIPSS
DarkLight
HPS
APEX
GP IOP
TI An Overview of Dark Matter Experiments at Jefferson Lab
SO 7TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE DARK SIDE OF THE UNIVERSE (DSU 2011)
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 7th International Workshop on the Dark Side of The Universe (DSU)
CY SEP 26-30, 2011
CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP Kavli Inst Theoret Phys China (KITPC), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Sci Fdn China (NSFC), China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol (CCAST)
AB Dark Matter research at Jefferson Lab started in 2006 with the LIght Pseudoscalar and Scalar Search (LIPSS) collaboration to check the validity of results reported by the PVLAS collaboration. In the intervening years interest in dark matter laboratory experiments has grown at Jefferson Lab. Current research underway or in planning stages probe various mass regions covering 14 orders of magnitude: from 10(-6) eV to 100 MeV. This presentation will be an overview of our dark matter searches, three of which focus on the hypothesized A' gauge boson.
C1 [Boyce, James R.; LIPSS; DarkLight; HPS; APEX] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Boyce, JR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM boyce@jlab.org
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2012
VL 384
AR 012008
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/384/1/012008
PG 9
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BCB59
UT WOS:000309658400008
ER
PT S
AU Cope, J
Iskra, K
Kimpe, D
Ross, R
AF Cope, Jason
Iskra, Kamil
Kimpe, Dries
Ross, Robert
BE Jonasson, K
TI Bridging HPC and Grid File I/O with IOFSL
SO APPLIED PARALLEL AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING, PT II
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th Nordic International Conference on Applied Parallel Computing -
State of the Art in Scientific and Parallel Computing (PARA)
CY JUN 06-09, 2010
CL Univ Iceland, Sch Engn & Nat Sci, Reykjavik, ICELAND
SP CCP, Microsoft Islandi, Opin kerfi (Hewlett Packard Distributor Iceland)
HO Univ Iceland, Sch Engn & Nat Sci
AB Traditionally, little interaction has taken place between the Grid and high-performance computing (HPC) storage research communities. Grid research often focused on optimizing data accesses for high-latency, wide-area networks, while HPC research focused on optimizing data accesses for local, high-performance storage systems. Recent software and hardware trends are blurring the distinction between Grids and HPC. In this paper, we investigate the use of I/O forwarding-a well established technique in leadership-class HPC machines- in a Grid context. We show that the problems that triggered the introduction of I/O forwarding for HPC systems also apply to contemporary Grid computing environments. We present the design of our I/O forwarding infrastructure for Grid computing environments. Moreover, we discuss the advantages our infrastructure provides for Grids, such as simplified application data management in heterogeneous computing environments and support for multiple application I/O interfaces.
C1 [Cope, Jason; Iskra, Kamil; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Kimpe, Dries] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Cope, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM copej@mcs.anl.gov; iskra@mcs.anl.gov; dkimpe@mcs.anl.gov;
rross@mcs.anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC,
Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S.
Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-642-28144-0; 978-3-642-28145-7
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2012
VL 7134
BP 215
EP 225
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BCC47
UT WOS:000309716000022
ER
PT J
AU Zhang, K
O'Donnell, D
Kazil, J
Stier, P
Kinne, S
Lohmann, U
Ferrachat, S
Croft, B
Quaas, J
Wan, H
Rast, S
Feichter, J
AF Zhang, K.
O'Donnell, D.
Kazil, J.
Stier, P.
Kinne, S.
Lohmann, U.
Ferrachat, S.
Croft, B.
Quaas, J.
Wan, H.
Rast, S.
Feichter, J.
TI The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM, version 2: sensitivity to
improvements in process representations
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC SULFUR CYCLE; DRY DEPOSITION
PARAMETERIZATION; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOLS; STRATOSPHERIC CONDITIONS;
MICROPHYSICS MODULE; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE
DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL
AB This paper introduces and evaluates the second version of the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM. Major changes have been brought into the model, including new parameterizations for aerosol nucleation and water uptake, an explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols, modified emission calculations for sea salt and mineral dust, the coupling of aerosol microphysics to a two-moment stratiform cloud microphysics scheme, and alternative wet scavenging parameterizations. These revisions extend the model's capability to represent details of the aerosol lifecycle and its interaction with climate. Nudged simulations of the year 2000 are carried out to compare the aerosol properties and global distribution in HAM1 and HAM2, and to evaluate them against various observations. Sensitivity experiments are performed to help identify the impact of each individual update in model formulation.
Results indicate that from HAM1 to HAM2 there is a marked weakening of aerosol water uptake in the lower troposphere, reducing the total aerosol water burden from 75 Tg to 51 Tg. The main reason is the newly introduced kappa-Kohlertheory-based water uptake scheme uses a lower value for the maximum relative humidity cutoff. Particulate organic matter loading in HAM2 is considerably higher in the upper troposphere, because the explicit treatment of secondary organic aerosols allows highly volatile oxidation products of the precursors to be vertically transported to regions of very low temperature and to form aerosols there. Sulfate, black carbon, particulate organic matter and mineral dust in HAM2 have longer lifetimes than in HAM1 because of weaker incloud scavenging, which is in turn related to lower autoconversion efficiency in the newly introduced two-moment cloud microphysics scheme. Modification in the sea salt emission scheme causes a significant increase in the ratio (from 1.6 to 7.7) between accumulation mode and coarse mode emission fluxes of aerosol number concentration. This leads to a general increase in the number concentration of smaller particles over the oceans in HAM2, as reflected by the higher Angstrom parameters.
Evaluation against observation reveals that in terms of model performance, main improvements in HAM2 include a marked decrease of the systematic negative bias in the absorption aerosol optical depth, as well as smaller biases over the oceans in Angstrom parameter and in the accumulation mode number concentration. The simulated geographical distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) is better correlated with the MODIS data, while the surface aerosol mass concentrations are very similar to those in the old version. The total aerosol water content in HAM2 is considerably closer to the multi-model average from Phase I of the AeroCom intercomparison project. Model deficiencies that require further efforts in the future include (i) positive biases in AOD over the ocean, (ii) negative biases in AOD and aerosol mass concentration in high-latitude regions, and (iii) negative biases in particle number concentration, especially that of the Aitken mode, in the lower troposphere in heavily polluted regions.
C1 [Zhang, K.; O'Donnell, D.; Kinne, S.; Quaas, J.; Rast, S.; Feichter, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
[Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
[Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England.
[Lohmann, U.; Ferrachat, S.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
[Croft, B.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada.
[Zhang, K.; Wan, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Kazil, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA.
RP Zhang, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany.
EM kai.zhang@pnnl.gov
RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Wan, Hui/J-4701-2013; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010;
Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Stier,
Philip/B-2258-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Quaas,
Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785;
Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128;
FU project EUCAARI [34684]; Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral
Fellowship
FX The authors thank U. Niemeier (MPI-M) for her comments on an earlier
version of the manuscript, and M. Esch for her support in coupling HAM
with the ECHAM model. KZ appreciates very helpful discussions with X.
Liu and S. Burrows (PNNL). Comments and suggestions from the two
anonymous reviewers significantly helped to improve the manuscript. We
acknowledge the NASA Langley Research Center, the NCAR Earth Observing
Laboratory, and the British Atmospheric Data Centre for providing the
aircraft measurements used in this study. The principal investigators of
these measurement campaigns provided very helpful suggestions on how to
compare the data with model results. We also thank the AERONET Principal
Investigators and the AeroCom project for compiling and providing the
aerosol optical depth, Angstrom parameter, and the surface aerosol mass
concentration data used in the model evaluation. Simulations were
performed at the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches
Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, DKRZ) in Hamburg, Germany. J. Kazil, D.
O'Donnell, and K. Zhang gratefully acknowledge the support by the FP6
project EUCAARI (Contract 34684). Work done by KZ at PNNL also benefited
from the SciDAC Project "Applying Computationally Efficient Schemes for
BioGeochemical Cycles" of US Dept. of Energy. HW is grateful for the
support of the Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship. Her
contribution to this paper was made under the Laboratory Directed
Research and Development Program at PNNL.
NR 133
TC 95
Z9 95
U1 9
U2 56
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 19
BP 8911
EP 8949
DI 10.5194/acp-12-8911-2012
PG 39
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 020TF
UT WOS:000309836800001
ER
PT J
AU Lian, YJ
Bergman, RG
Ellman, JA
AF Lian, Yajing
Bergman, Robert G.
Ellman, Jonathan A.
TI Rhodium(III)-catalyzed synthesis of phthalides by cascade addition and
cyclization of benzimidates with aldehydes
SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID C-H BOND; RHENIUM-CATALYZED INSERTION; OXIDATIVE OLEFINATION; EXPEDIENT
SYNTHESIS; INTERNAL ALKYNES; ACTIVATION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ARYL;
DERIVATIVES; BENZAMIDES
AB We herein report the Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H bond activation and addition of benzimidates to aldehydes to afford biologically important phthalides in a single step. The imidate is a novel and unexplored directing group that not only enables C-H bond activation and addition to aldehydes, but also serves to capture the reversibly formed alcohol intermediate. The reaction shows broad scope with a high level of functional group compatibility and is applicable to both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.
C1 [Bergman, Robert G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lian, Yajing; Ellman, Jonathan A.] Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Bergman, Robert G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bergman, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM rgergman@berkeley.edu; jonathan.ellman@yale.edu
RI Lian, Yajing/F-9157-2011; Ellman, Jonathan/C-7732-2013
FU NIH [GM069559]; Office of Energy Research; Office of Basic Energy
Sciences; Chemical Sciences Division; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by NIH Grant GM069559 (to J.A.E.). R.G.B.
acknowledges funding from The Director, Office of Energy Research,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, U.S.
Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 61
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 1
U2 36
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 2041-6520
J9 CHEM SCI
JI Chem. Sci.
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 10
BP 3088
EP 3092
DI 10.1039/c2sc20835k
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 996MU
UT WOS:000308094100027
PM 23050074
ER
PT J
AU Cropek, DM
Metz, A
Muller, AM
Gray, HB
Horne, T
Horton, DC
Poluektov, O
Tiede, DM
Weber, RT
Jarrett, WL
Phillips, JD
Holder, AA
AF Cropek, Donald M.
Metz, Anja
Mueller, Astrid M.
Gray, Harry B.
Horne, Toyketa
Horton, Dorothy C.
Poluektov, Oleg
Tiede, David M.
Weber, Ralph T.
Jarrett, William L.
Phillips, Joshua D.
Holder, Alvin A.
TI A novel ruthenium(II)-cobaloxime supramolecular complex for
photocatalytic H-2 evolution: synthesis, characterisation and
mechanistic studies
SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; METAL NMR-SPECTROSCOPY;
ELECTRON-TRANSFER; HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; VISIBLE-LIGHT;
MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; FUNCTIONAL MODELS; RENEWABLE ENERGY;
PHOTO-REDUCTION; ACTIVE-SITE
AB We report the synthesis and characterization of novel mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)-cobalt(II) photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in acidic acetonitrile. First, 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzothiazole (pbt), 1, was reacted with RuCl3 center dot xH(2)O to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)Cl-2]center dot 0.25CH(3)COCH(3), 2, which was then reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), 3, in order to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)(phendione)](PF6)(2)center dot 4H(2)O, 4. Compound 4 was then reacted with 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in order to produce [Ru(pbt)(2)(L-pyr)]-(PF6)(2)center dot 9.5H(2)O, 5 (where L-pyr = (4-pyridine) oxazolo[4,5-f]phenanthroline). Compound 5 was then reacted with [Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(H2O)(2)] (where dmgBF(2) = difluoroboryldimethylglyoximato) in order to produce the mixed-metal binuclear complex, [Ru(pbt)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(H2O)](PF6)(2)center dot 11H(2)O center dot 1.5CH(3)COCH(3), 6. [Ru(Me(2)bpy)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(OH2)](PF6)(2), 7 (where Me(2)bpy = 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Ru(phen)(2)(L-pyr) Co(dmgBF(2))(2)(OH2)](PF6)(2), 8 were also synthesised. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ESI MS, HRMS, UV-visible absorption, B-11, F-19, and Co-59 NMR, ESR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, where appropriate. Photocatalytic studies carried out in acidified acetonitrile demonstrated constant hydrogen generation longer than a 42 hour period as detected by gas chromatography. Time resolved spectroscopic measurements were performed on compound 6, which proved an intramolecular electron transfer from an excited Ru(II) metal centre to the Co(II) metal centre via the bridging L-pyr ligand. This resulted in the formation of a cobalt(I)-containing species that is essential for the production of H-2 gas in the presence of H+ ions. A proposed mechanism for the generation of hydrogen is presented.
C1 [Horne, Toyketa; Horton, Dorothy C.; Phillips, Joshua D.; Holder, Alvin A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
[Cropek, Donald M.; Metz, Anja] USA Corps Engineers, Construct Engn Res Lab, Champaign, IL 61822 USA.
[Mueller, Astrid M.; Gray, Harry B.] CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
[Poluektov, Oleg; Tiede, David M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Weber, Ralph T.] EPR Div Bruker BioSpin, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Jarrett, William L.] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
RP Holder, AA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, 118 Coll Dr,5043, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA.
EM alvin.holder@usm.edu
RI Holder, Alvin/B-6329-2016
OI Holder, Alvin/0000-0001-9618-5297
FU Student Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Engineer
Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research
Laboratory; Center Directed Research Program at the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers; Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation; Mississippi LSAMP
[HRD-0602740]; Mississippi INBRE; National Center for Research Resources
[5P20RR016476-11]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences from
the National Institutes of Health [8 P20 GM103476-11]; National Science
Foundation (NSF) [CHE 0639208]; NSF CRIF:MU Award [0741991, 0840390];
NSF [CHE - 1151832]
FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Student
Research Participation Program at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and
Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory,
administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy
and ERDC-CERL. This work was also supported by the Center Directed
Research Program at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Arnold and
Mabel Beckman Foundation, The Mississippi LSAMP (grant #HRD-0602740),
and by the Mississippi INBRE funded by grants from the National Center
for Research Resources (5P20RR016476-11) and the National Institute of
General Medical Sciences (8 P20 GM103476-11) from the National
Institutes of Health. The authors also acknowledge the National Science
Foundation (NSF) for funding our ESI and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometers
(Grant CHE 0639208). We are also grateful for the use of our
BrukerBiospin EMXmicro ESR spectrometer, which was funded by
the NSF CRIF:MU Award #0741991; also our new 400 MHZ NMR spectrometer,
which was funded by the NSF CRIF:MU Award #0840390. AAH would like to
thank the NSF for an NSF CAREER Award; also this material is based upon
work supported by the NSF under CHE - 1151832. The authors would like to
acknowledge the scientists at Olis, Inc. for acquiring all of the NIR
spectra on their Olis-modernized Cary 14 UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer.
NR 66
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 5
U2 65
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1477-9226
EI 1477-9234
J9 DALTON T
JI Dalton Trans.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 42
BP 13060
EP 13073
DI 10.1039/c2dt30309d
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 017TZ
UT WOS:000309615200007
PM 23001132
ER
PT J
AU Warren, MR
Brayshaw, SK
Hatcher, LE
Johnson, AL
Schiffers, S
Warren, AJ
Teat, SJ
Warren, JE
Woodall, CH
Raithby, PR
AF Warren, Mark R.
Brayshaw, Simon K.
Hatcher, Lauren E.
Johnson, Andrew L.
Schiffers, Stefanie
Warren, Anna J.
Teat, Simon J.
Warren, John E.
Woodall, Christopher H.
Raithby, Paul R.
TI Photoactivated linkage isomerism in single crystals of nickel, palladium
and platinum di-nitro complexes - a photocrystallographic investigation
SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; SPIN-CROSSOVER COMPLEXES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION;
MOLLER-PLESSET; HARTREE-FOCK; DENSITY; IDENTIFICATION; EXCHANGE;
EQUILIBRIUM; METHODOLOGY
AB Low temperature, single crystal photocrystallographic studies have been carried out on four square planar Group 10 complexes [Ni(PEt3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 1, [Pd(PPh3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 2, [Pd(AsPh3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 3 and [Pt(PPh3)(2)(NO2)(2)] 4, in which the two nitro groups adopt the trans configuration. Irradiation with UV light, at 100 K, of single crystals of complexes 1-3 photoisomerise from the eta(1)-NO2 nitro form to the eta(1)-ONO nitrito form occurred. Complex 1 underwent 25% conversion to the nitrito form before crystal decomposition occurred. 2 and 3 underwent 46% and 39% conversion, respectively, to the nitrito form when a photostationary state was reached. While under the same experimental conditions 4 showed no isomerisation. The photocrystallographic results can be correlated with the results of DFT calculations and with the observed trends in the solution UV/visible absorption spectroscopy obtained for these complexes. The results suggest that while steric factors in the isomerization processes are important there may also be a kinetic effect relating to the lability of the metal involved.
C1 [Warren, Mark R.; Brayshaw, Simon K.; Hatcher, Lauren E.; Johnson, Andrew L.; Schiffers, Stefanie; Warren, Anna J.; Woodall, Christopher H.; Raithby, Paul R.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
[Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Warren, John E.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England.
RP Johnson, AL (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Chem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England.
EM p.r.raithby@bath.ac.uk
RI Raithby, Paul/N-7997-2014;
OI Raithby, Paul/0000-0002-2944-0662; Johnson, Andrew/0000-0001-5241-0878;
/0000-0002-8755-7981
FU EPSRC [EP/D058147, EP/D054397]; STFC Daresbury Laboratory; ALS, Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory
FX We thank the EPSRC for financial support for the project (EP/D058147 and
EP/D054397) and for studentships to L. E. H., S. S., C. H. W. and M. R.
W. and for a Senior Research Fellowship to P. R. R. Professor Philip
Coppens, SUNY Buffalo, is thanked for helpful discussions. We are
grateful to the STFC Daresbury Laboratory and the ALS, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory for the award of beamtime.
NR 55
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 26
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1477-9226
J9 DALTON T
JI Dalton Trans.
PY 2012
VL 41
IS 42
BP 13173
EP 13179
DI 10.1039/c2dt30314k
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA 017TZ
UT WOS:000309615200021
PM 22996434
ER
PT S
AU Karsch, F
AF Karsch, Frithjof
BE Turko, L
TI UNIVERSAL PROPERTIES OF MOMENTS OF NET BARYON NUMBER FLUCTUATIONS
SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON
QUARKYONIC ISLAND
SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on
Quarkyonic Island
CY MAY 19-21, 2011
CL Wroclaw, POLAND
SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR
ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; FREEZE-OUT
AB We discuss universal properties of higher order cumulants of net baryon number fluctuations and point out their relevance for the analysis of freeze-out and critical conditions in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC. We focus on a discussion of universal properties of sixth order cumulants and compare with calculations performed in the Polyakov loop extended Quark Meson model.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Karsch, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV
PI CRACOW
PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND
SN 1899-2358
J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 3
BP 747
EP 755
DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.747
PG 9
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCA80
UT WOS:000309505700013
ER
PT S
AU Koch, V
Bzdak, A
Liao, J
AF Koch, V.
Bzdak, A.
Liao, J.
BE Turko, L
TI HAVE WE SEEN LOCAL PARITY VIOLATION IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS?
SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON
QUARKYONIC ISLAND
SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on
Quarkyonic Island
CY MAY 19-21, 2011
CL Wroclaw, POLAND
SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR
ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; QCD; MATTER; HOT
AB In this contribution we will discuss current measurements of charge dependent particle correlations and their implication for possible local parity violation.
C1 [Koch, V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Koch, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV
PI CRACOW
PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND
SN 1899-2358
J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 3
BP 773
EP 780
DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.773
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCA80
UT WOS:000309505700015
ER
PT S
AU Kojo, T
AF Kojo, Toru
BE Turko, L
TI INTERWEAVING CHIRAL SPIRALS AT FINITE QUARK DENSITY
SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON
QUARKYONIC ISLAND
SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on
Quarkyonic Island
CY MAY 19-21, 2011
CL Wroclaw, POLAND
SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR
ID LARGE N-C; QCD
AB The interweaving chiral spirals (ICS), that is defined as superposition of differently oriented chiral spirals, is important for qualitative understandings of the intermediate quark density region as well as quantitative estimates of the Quarkyonic region. We discuss how to construct the ICS, taking the (2+1) dimensional Fermi system as an example. We postulate that the presence of the ICS would delay the occurrence of the chiral restoration as well as deconfinement phase transition, by tempering the growth of quark fluctuations.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Kojo, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV
PI CRACOW
PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND
SN 1899-2358
J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 3
BP 781
EP 790
DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.781
PG 10
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCA80
UT WOS:000309505700016
ER
PT S
AU Skokov, V
AF Skokov, V.
BE Turko, L
TI FLUCTUATIONS OF CONSERVED CHARGES IN THE POLYAKOV LOOP EXTENDED
QUARK-MESON MODEL AT FINITE BARYON DENSITY
SO HIC FOR FAIR WORKSHOP AND XXVIII MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM - THREE DAYS ON
QUARKYONIC ISLAND
SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT HIC for FAIR Workshop/28th Max Born Symposium on Three Days on
Quarkyonic Island
CY MAY 19-21, 2011
CL Wroclaw, POLAND
SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR
ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; PHYSICS
AB In this paper, we review the properties of baryon number fluctuations close to the crossover transition at zero and finite baryon densities. We argue on a phenomenological importance of high order cumulants at zero baryon density. Main properties of the cumulants are illustrated beyond a mean-field approximations in an effective low energy model of QCD.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Skokov, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
OI Skokov, Vladimir/0000-0001-7619-1796
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV
PI CRACOW
PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND
SN 1899-2358
J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S
PY 2012
VL 5
IS 3
BP 877
EP 886
DI 10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.5.877
PG 10
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA BCA80
UT WOS:000309505700025
ER
PT J
AU Shen, B
Abdelaziz, O
Rice, K
AF Shen, Bo
Abdelaziz, Omar
Rice, Keith
TI Auto-calibration and control strategy determination for a variable-speed
heat pump water heater using optimization
SO HVAC&R RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB This article introduces applications of the GenOpt (R) optimizer coupled with a vapor compression system model for auto-calibration and control strategy determination toward the development of a variable-speed ground-source heat pump water heating unit. The GenOpt (R) optimizer can be linked with any simulation program using input and output text files. It effectively facilitates optimization runs. Using the proposed GenOpt (R) wrapper program, objectives can flexibly be defined for optimizations, targets, and constraints. Those functionalities enable running extensive optimization cases for model calibration, configuration design, and control strategy determination. In addition, a methodology is described to improve prediction accuracy using functional calibration curves. Using the calibrated model, control strategies of the ground-source heat pump water heater were investigated, considering multiple control objectives and covering the entire operation range.
C1 [Shen, Bo; Abdelaziz, Omar; Rice, Keith] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Res & Integrat Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Shen, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Res & Integrat Ctr, POB 2008,MS6070, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM shenb@ornl.gov
RI Abdelaziz, Omar/O-9542-2015
OI Abdelaziz, Omar/0000-0002-4418-0125
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1078-9669
J9 HVAC&R RES
JI HVAC&R Res.
PY 2012
VL 18
IS 5
SI SI
BP 904
EP 914
DI 10.1080/10789669.2012.680647
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA 019OM
UT WOS:000309749200007
ER
PT S
AU Gorelenkov, NN
AF Gorelenkov, N. N.
BE Benkadda, S
Dubuit, N
GuimaraesFilho, Z
TI Excitation of Alfven Modes by Energetic Particles in Magnetic Fusion
SO MHD AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES, 5TH ITER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th ITER International Summer School on MHD and Energetic Particles
CY JUN 20-24, 2011
CL Aix-en-Provence, FRANCE
SP Aix-Marseille Univ, Communaute Pays dAix (CNRS), Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone (CEA), Conseil Reg PACA, USBPO, ITER
DE Alfven waves; energetic particles; magnetic fusion
ID AXISYMMETRICAL TOROIDAL PLASMAS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; EIGENMODES; TOKAMAK;
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; WAVES; SPECTRUM; IONS; ITER
AB Ions with energies above the plasma ion temperature (also called super thermal, hot or energetic particles - EP) are utilized in laboratory experiments as a plasma heat source to compensate for energy loss. Sources for super thermal ions are direct injection via neutral beams, RF heating and fusion reactions. Being super thermal, ions have the potential to induce instabilities of a certain class of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) cavity modes, in particular, various Alfven and Alfven-acoustic Eigenmodes. It is an area where ideal MHD and kinetic theories can be tested with great accuracy. This paper touches upon key motivations to study the energetic ion interactions with MHD modes. One is the possibility of controlling the heating channel of present and future tokamak reactors via EP transport. In some extreme circumstances, uncontrolled instabilities led to vessel wall damages. This paper reviews some experimental and theoretical advances and the developments of the predictive tools in the area of EP wave interactions. Some recent important results and challenges are discussed. Many predicted instabilities pose a challenge for ITER, where the alpha-particle population is likely to excite various modes.
C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Gorelenkov, NN (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1087-9
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1478
BP 7
EP 22
DI 10.1063/1.4751636
PG 16
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BCB32
UT WOS:000309585300001
ER
PT S
AU White, RB
AF White, R. B.
BE Benkadda, S
Dubuit, N
GuimaraesFilho, Z
TI Mode particle resonance in toroidal fusion devices
SO MHD AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES, 5TH ITER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th ITER International Summer School on MHD and Energetic Particles
CY JUN 20-24, 2011
CL Aix-en-Provence, FRANCE
SP Aix-Marseille Univ, Communaute Pays dAix (CNRS), Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone (CEA), Conseil Reg PACA, USBPO, ITER
DE resonance waves plasma particles
AB The modification of particle distributions by magnetohydrodynamic modes is an important topic for magnetically confined plasmas. Even low amplitude modes are known to be capable of producing significant modification of injected neutral beam profiles, and the same can be expected in burning plasmas for the alpha particle distributions. Particle distributions can be modified only by the existence of resonances, the locations of which depend on particle energy, equilibrium parameters, and mode shape and frequency. Flattening of a distribution due to phase mixing in an island or due to portions of phase space becoming stochastic is a process extremely rapid on the time scale of an experiment but still very long compared to the time scale of guiding center simulations. In this paper we discuss the interaction between a given spectrum of modes and a high energy particle distribution.
C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP White, RB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013
OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1087-9
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1478
BP 65
EP 79
DI 10.1063/1.4751640
PG 15
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BCB32
UT WOS:000309585300005
ER
PT S
AU Fisch, NJ
AF Fisch, N. J.
BE Benkadda, S
Dubuit, N
GuimaraesFilho, Z
TI Elementary Processes Underlying Alpha Channeling in Tokamaks
SO MHD AND ENERGETIC PARTICLES, 5TH ITER INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th ITER International Summer School on MHD and Energetic Particles
CY JUN 20-24, 2011
CL Aix-en-Provence, FRANCE
SP Aix-Marseille Univ, Communaute Pays dAix (CNRS), Conseil Gen Bouches Rhone (CEA), Conseil Reg PACA, USBPO, ITER
DE resonance waves alpha particles fusion
ID LOWER-HYBRID WAVES; ION-BERNSTEIN WAVES; CURRENT DRIVE; PARTICLES;
REACTOR
AB Alpha channeling in tokamaks is speculative, but also extraordinarily attractive. Waves that can accomplish this effect have been identified. Key aspects of the theory now enjoy experimental confirmation. This paper will review the elementary processes of wave-particle interactions in plasma that underlie the alpha channeling effect.
C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Fisch, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
NR 24
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1087-9
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1478
BP 80
EP 90
DI 10.1063/1.4751641
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA BCB32
UT WOS:000309585300006
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, PA
AF Johnson, Paul A.
BE Kamakura, T
Sugimoto, N
TI Nonlinear Acoustic/Seismic Waves in Earthquake Processes
SO NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS: STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PERSPECTIVES (ISNA 19)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 19th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (ISNA)
CY MAY 21-24, 2012
CL Waseda Univ, Tokyo, JAPAN
SP Acoust Soc Japan (ASJ), Acoust Soc Amer (ASA), Int Union Pure & Appl Phys (IUPAP), Nonlinear Acoust Soc Japan
HO Waseda Univ
DE Earthquakes; nonlinear dynamics in earthquakes; nonlinear waves in
strong ground motion; dynamic earthquake triggering; triggered
nonvolcanic tremor and slow-slip
ID GRANULAR MEDIA; SLIP
AB Nonlinear dynamics induced by seismic sources and seismic waves are common in Earth. Observations range from seismic strong ground motion (the most damaging aspect of earthquakes), intense near-source effects, and distant nonlinear effects from the source that have important consequences. The distant effects include dynamic earthquake triggering-one of the most fascinating topics in seismology today-which may be elastically nonlinearly driven. Dynamic earthquake triggering is the phenomenon whereby seismic waves generated from one earthquake trigger slip events on a nearby or distant fault. Dynamic triggering may take place at distances thousands of kilometers from the triggering earthquake, and includes triggering of the entire spectrum of slip behaviors currently identified. These include triggered earthquakes and triggered slow, silent-slip during which little seismic energy is radiated. It appears that the elasticity of the fault gouge-the granular material located between the fault blocks-is key to the triggering phenomenon.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1082-4
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1474
BP 40
EP 47
DI 10.1063/1.4749294
PG 8
WC Acoustics; Mathematics, Applied
SC Acoustics; Mathematics
GA BCB03
UT WOS:000309528700004
ER
PT S
AU Stewart, FF
AF Stewart, Frederick F.
BE Allen, DW
Loakes, D
Tebby, JC
TI Phosphazenes
SO ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY, VOL 41
SE SPR-Organophosphorus Chemistry
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID DIPEPTIDE-BASED POLYPHOSPHAZENE; SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; GENE
DELIVERY; IN-VITRO; ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS; SUBSTITUTED
PHOSPHAZENES; TRANSFECTION EFFICIENCY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES;
AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; POLYESTER BLENDS
C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID USA.
RP Stewart, FF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Interfacial Chem Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID USA.
EM Frederick.Stewart@inl.gov
NR 109
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 0306-0713
BN 978-1-84973-487-5
J9 SPR-ORGANOPHOS CHEM
PY 2012
VL 41
BP 349
EP 384
DI 10.1039/9781849734875-00349
D2 10.1039/9781849734875
PG 36
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA BBV15
UT WOS:000308309400010
ER
PT J
AU Dohrmann, CR
Widlund, OB
AF Dohrmann, Clark R.
Widlund, Olof B.
TI AN ALTERNATIVE COARSE SPACE FOR IRREGULAR SUBDOMAINS AND AN OVERLAPPING
SCHWARZ ALGORITHM FOR SCALAR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS IN THE PLANE
SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE domain decomposition; elliptic equations; overlapping Schwarz
preconditioners; coarse subspaces; irregular subdomain boundaries;
discontinuous coefficients
ID INCOMPRESSIBLE ELASTICITY; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION; DIMENSIONS
AB In earlier work on domain decomposition methods for elliptic problems in the plane, an assumption that each subdomain is triangular or a union of a few coarse triangles has often been made. This is similar to what is required in geometric multigrid theory and is unrealistic if the subdomains are produced by a mesh partitioner. In an earlier paper, coauthored with Axel Klawonn, the authors introduced a coarse subspace for an overlapping Schwarz method with one degree of freedom for each subdomain vertex and one for each subdomain edge. A condition number bound proportional to (1+log(H/h))(2)(1+ H/delta) was established assuming only that the subdomains are John domains; here H/delta measures the relative overlap between neighboring subdomains and H/h the maximum number of elements across individual subdomains. We were also able to relate the rate of convergence to a parameter in an isoperimetric inequality for the subdomains into which the domain of the problem has been partitioned. In this paper, the dimension of the coarse subspace is decreased by using only one degree of freedom for each subdomain vertex; if all subdomains have three edges, this leads to a reduction of the dimension of the coarse subspace by approximately a factor four. In addition, the condition number bound is shown to be proportional to (1+ log(H/h))(1+ H/delta) under a quite mild assumption on the relative length of adjacent subdomain edges. In this study, the subdomains are assumed to be uniform in the sense of Peter Jones. As in our earlier work, the results are insensitive to arbitrary large jumps in the coefficients of the elliptic problem across the interface between the subdomains. Numerical results are presented which confirm the theory and demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm for a variety of mesh decompositions and distributions of material properties. It is also shown that the new algorithm often converges faster than the older one in spite of the fact that the dimension of the coarse space has been decreased considerably.
C1 [Dohrmann, Clark R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
[Widlund, Olof B.] NYU, Courant Inst, New York, NY 10012 USA.
RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM crdohrm@sandia.gov; widlund@cims.nyu.edu
FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
Administration [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-FG02-06ER25718]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0914954];
Institute of Mathematical Sciences; Department of Mathematics of the
Chinese University of Hong Kong
FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's
National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
DE-AC04-94-AL85000.; This author's work was supported in part by the
U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-06ER25718 and in part
by National Science Foundation grant DMS-0914954. Part of the work of
this author was also supported by the Institute of Mathematical Sciences
and the Department of Mathematics of the Chinese University of Hong
Kong.
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA
SN 0036-1429
J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL
JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal.
PY 2012
VL 50
IS 5
BP 2522
EP 2537
DI 10.1137/110853959
PG 16
WC Mathematics, Applied
SC Mathematics
GA 027CQ
UT WOS:000310329800016
ER
PT J
AU Fusseis, F
Schrank, C
Liu, J
Karrech, A
Llana-Funez, S
Xiao, X
Regenauer-Lieb, K
AF Fusseis, F.
Schrank, C.
Liu, J.
Karrech, A.
Llana-Funez, S.
Xiao, X.
Regenauer-Lieb, K.
TI Pore formation during dehydration of a polycrystalline gypsum sample
observed and quantified in a time-series synchrotron X-ray
micro-tomography experiment
SO SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MICROTOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES; PRESSURE EXCESS; SYSTEM;
CRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; BASSANITE; HUMIDITY; KINETICS; FEEDBACK
AB We conducted an in-situ X-ray micro-computed tomography heating experiment at the Advanced Photon Source (USA) to dehydrate an unconfined 2.3mm diameter cylinder of Volterra Gypsum. We used a purpose-built X-ray transparent furnace to heat the sample to 388K for a total of 310 min to acquire a three-dimensional time-series tomography dataset comprising nine time steps. The voxel size of 2.2 mu m(3) proved sufficient to pinpoint reaction initiation and the organization of drainage architecture in space and time.
We observed that dehydration commences across a narrow front, which propagates from the margins to the centre of the sample in more than four hours. The advance of this front can be fitted with a square-root function, implying that the initiation of the reaction in the sample can be described as a diffusion process.
Novel parallelized computer codes allow quantifying the geometry of the porosity and the drainage architecture from the very large tomographic datasets (2048(3) voxels) in unprecedented detail. We determined position, volume, shape and orientation of each resolvable pore and tracked these properties over the duration of the experiment. We found that the pore-size distribution follows a power law. Pores tend to be anisotropic but rarely crack-shaped and have a preferred orientation, likely controlled by a pre-existing fabric in the sample. With on-going dehydration, pores coalesce into a single interconnected pore cluster that is connected to the surface of the sample cylinder and provides an effective drainage pathway.
Our observations can be summarized in a model in which gypsum is stabilized by thermal expansion stresses and locally increased pore fluid pressures until the dehydration front approaches to within about 100 mu m. Then, the internal stresses are released and dehydration happens efficiently, resulting in new pore space. Pressure release, the production of pores and the advance of the front are coupled in a feedback loop.
C1 [Fusseis, F.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, Bochum, Germany.
[Schrank, C.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Earth Environm & Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia.
[Liu, J.; Regenauer-Lieb, K.] Western Australian Geothermal Ctr Excellence, Perth, WA, Australia.
[Liu, J.; Regenauer-Lieb, K.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Earth & Environm, Crawley, Australia.
[Karrech, A.; Regenauer-Lieb, K.] CSIRO Earth Sci & Resource Engn, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
[Karrech, A.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Crawley, Australia.
[Llana-Funez, S.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Geol, E-33005 Oviedo, Spain.
[Xiao, X.] Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA.
RP Fusseis, F (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, Bochum, Germany.
EM florian@fusseis.at
RI Liu, Jie/G-3551-2011; Karrech, Ali/H-5168-2014; Regenauer-Lieb,
Klaus/H-5706-2014; Llana-Funez, Sergio/A-2169-2008; Fusseis,
Florian/M-5321-2016;
OI Regenauer-Lieb, Klaus/0000-0002-2198-5895; Llana-Funez,
Sergio/0000-0002-8748-5623; Fusseis, Florian/0000-0002-3104-8109;
Schrank, Christoph/0000-0001-9643-2382
FU Western Australian State Government through the Premier's Fellowship
Program; Western Australian State Government through the Western
Australian Geothermal Centre of Excellence Program; Australian
Synchrotron Research Program; Commonwealth of Australia under the Major
National Research Facilities Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office
of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NERC
[NE/C002938/1]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion
[RYC-2008-02067]; German Research Foundation [SCHR 1262/1-1]
FX This work was supported by the Western Australian State Government
through the Premier's Fellowship Program and the Western Australian
Geothermal Centre of Excellence Program, and the Australian Synchrotron
Research Program, funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the
Major National Research Facilities Program. Use of the Advanced Photon
Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. SLF acknowledges funding
by NERC, grant NE/C002938/1, and by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e
Innovacion, grant RYC-2008-02067. CS acknowledges funding by the German
Research Foundation under Grant No. SCHR 1262/1-1. We thank iVEC@UWA in
Perth for use of their computing facilities. We thank S. Revets for
making unpublished results available, K. Gessner, and R. Hough for help
with data acquisition and Mike Heap for the editorial handling. Reviews
by H. Milsch and F. Trippetta helped to improve the manuscript and are
gratefully acknowledged.
NR 37
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 9
U2 45
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1869-9510
J9 SOLID EARTH
JI Solid Earth
PY 2012
VL 3
IS 1
BP 71
EP 86
DI 10.5194/se-3-71-2012
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA 021KT
UT WOS:000309884400006
ER
PT S
AU Batchelder, JC
Brewer, NT
Gross, CJ
Grzywacz, R
Hamilton, JH
Karny, M
Kuzniak, A
Madurga, MF
Mendez, AJ
Liu, SH
Miernik, K
Miller, D
Padgett, SW
Paulauskas, SV
Rykaczewski, KP
Ramayya, AV
Stracener, DW
Wolinska-Cichocka, M
Zganjar, EF
AF Batchelder, J. C.
Brewer, N. T.
Gross, C. J.
Grzywacz, R.
Hamilton, J. H.
Karny, M.
Kuzniak, A.
Madurga, M. F.
Mendez, A. J.
Liu, S. H.
Miernik, K.
Miller, D.
Padgett, S. W.
Paulauskas, S. V.
Rykaczewski, K. P.
Ramayya, A. V.
Stracener, D. W.
Wolinska-Cichocka, M.
Zganjar, E. F.
BE PadillaRodal, E
Bijker, R
TI Systematics of Low Energy Collective States in neutron-rich Cd Isotopes
SO XXXV SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 35th Symposium on Nuclear Physics
CY JAN 03-06, 2012
CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO
ID BETA-DECAY; SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEUS
AB It has been shown that there are significant deviations from the expected U(5) dynamical symmetry for Cd-110,Cd-112,Cd-114,Cd-116. However, there is very significant mixing with intruder states in this region. In this paper, we investigated states in the heavier Cd-120,Cd-124,Cd-126 populated via beta decay. These nuclei exhibit similar patterns to the lighter Cd isotopes even though the intruder states are much higher in energy.
C1 [Batchelder, J. C.; Liu, S. H.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Brewer, N. T.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.] Vanderbilt Univ, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
[Gross, C. J.; Grzywacz, R.; Karny, M.; Mendez, A. J.; Miernik, K.; Rykaczewski, K. P.; Stracener, D. W.; Wolinska-Cichocka, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA.
[Grzywacz, R.; Madurga, M. F.; Miller, D.; Padgett, S. W.; Paulauskas, S. V.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Karny, M.; Kuzniak, A.; Wolinska-Cichocka, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Zganjar, E. F.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Batchelder, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76OR00033, DOE-AC05-00OR22725,
DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-FG02-96ER40978]
FX This work has been supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under
contracts DE-AC05-76OR00033 (UNIRIB), DE-FG05-88ER40407 (Vanderbilt
University), DOE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-FG02-96ER40983 (University of
Tennessee) and DE-FG02-96ER40978 (Louisiana State University).
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2012
VL 387
AR 012005
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/387/1/012005
PG 10
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCB62
UT WOS:000309660800005
ER
PT S
AU Galindo-Uribarri, A
AF Galindo-Uribarri, A.
BE PadillaRodal, E
Bijker, R
TI Precise Coulomb excitation B(E2) measurements for first 2(+) states of
projectile nuclei near the doubly magic nuclei Ni-78 and Sn-132
SO XXXV SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 35th Symposium on Nuclear Physics
CY JAN 03-06, 2012
CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO
ID HIGH-SPIN; CR-48; BEAMS
AB Coulomb excitation is a very precise tool to measure excitation probabilities and provide insight on the collectivity of nuclear excitations and in particular on nuclear shapes. In the last few years radioactive ion beam facilities such as HRIBF opened unique opportunities to explore the structure of nuclei in the regions near the doubly magic nuclei Ni-78 (Z=28 and N=50) and Sn-132 (Z=50 and N=82). For this purpose we have developed specialized methods and instrumentation to measure various observables. There is also the opportunity to perform precision experiments with stable beams using exactly the same state-of-the-art instrumentation and techniques as with their radioactive ion beam counterpart. I describe some of the recent efforts at HRIBF to do more precise measurements using particle-gamma techniques.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA.
RP Galindo-Uribarri, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA.
EM uribarri@phy.ornl.gov
NR 25
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2012
VL 387
AR 012013
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/387/1/012013
PG 8
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCB62
UT WOS:000309660800013
ER
PT S
AU Wong, CY
AF Wong, C. Y.
BE PadillaRodal, E
Bijker, R
TI Novel Bose-Einstein Interference in the Passage of a Fast Particle in a
Dense Medium
SO XXXV SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 35th Symposium on Nuclear Physics
CY JAN 03-06, 2012
CL Cocoyoc, MEXICO
ID QCD FEYNMAN DIAGRAMS; COLLISIONS
AB When an energetic particle collides coherently with many medium particles at high energies, the Bose-Einstein symmetry with respect to the interchange of the exchanged virtual bosons leads to a destructive interference of the Feynman amplitudes in most regions of the phase space but a constructive interference in some other regions of the phase space. As a consequence, the recoiling medium particles have a tendency to come out collectively along the direction of the incident fast particle, each carrying a substantial fraction of the incident longitudinal momentum. Such an interference appearing as collective recoils of scatterers along the incident particle direction may have been observed in angular correlations of hadrons associated with a high-p(T) trigger in high-energy AuAu collisions at RHIC.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Wong, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM wongc@ornl.gov
OI Wong, Cheuk-Yin/0000-0001-8223-0659
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2012
VL 387
AR 012009
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/387/1/012009
PG 10
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA BCB62
UT WOS:000309660800009
ER
PT S
AU Castello, C
Williamson, M
Gerdes, K
Harp, D
Vesselinov, V
AF Castello, Charles
Williamson, Mark
Gerdes, Kurt
Harp, Dylan
Vesselinov, Velimir
GP IEEE
TI Near-Optimal Placement of Monitoring Wells for the Detection of
Potential Contaminant Arrival in a Regional Aquifer at Los Alamos
National Laboratory
SO 2012 44TH SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY (SSST)
SE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 44th IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST)
CY MAR 11-13, 2012
CL Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL
SP IEEE
HO Univ N Florida
DE Near-Optimal Placement; ASCEM; Geostatistical Analysis; Classical
Variography; Ordinary Point Kriging; K-Means Clustering
ID NETWORK DESIGN; OPTIMIZATION
AB This research presents a strategy to aid in the development of a decision support toolset in the Advanced Simulation Capability for Environmental Monitoring (ASCEM) modeling platform for determining the near-optimal placement of monitoring wells. There are two scenarios that are studied in determining the near-optimal placement of monitoring wells: (1) placement of an entirely new network and (2) placement of additional monitoring wells within a previously placed network. The key technique utilized in this strategy minimizes the variance of spatial analysis using Geostatistical analysis and optimizes using Monte Carlo analysis. A clustering technique, namely k-means, is used in the second scenario to determine specific locations of importance relative to previously placed monitoring wells. This strategy is applied to chromium contamination at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The purpose is the determination of monitoring well placement to detect potential contaminant arrival in a regional aquifer located at Sandia and Mortandad Canyons.
C1 [Castello, Charles] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Williamson, Mark; Gerdes, Kurt] Dept Energy, Washington, DC USA.
[Harp, Dylan; Vesselinov, Velimir] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
RP Castello, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
OI Harp, Dylan/0000-0001-9777-8000; Vesselinov, Velimir/0000-0002-6222-0530
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0094-2898
BN 978-1-4577-1493-1
J9 SE SYM SYS THRY
PY 2012
BP 61
EP 66
PG 6
WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture;
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ71
UT WOS:000309226000012
ER
PT S
AU Baboulin, M
Becker, D
Dongarra, J
AF Baboulin, Marc
Becker, Dulceneia
Dongarra, Jack
GP IEEE
TI A Parallel Tiled Solver for Dense Symmetric Indefinite Systems on
Multicore Architectures
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE dense linear algebra; symmetric indefinite systems; randomized
algorithms; tiled factorization
ID GAUSSIAN-ELIMINATION; LINEAR ALGEBRA
AB We describe an efficient and innovative parallel tiled algorithm for solving symmetric indefinite systems on multicore architectures. This solver avoids pivoting by using a multiplicative preconditioning based on symmetric randomization. This randomization prevents the communication overhead due to pivoting, is computationally inexpensive and requires very little storage. Following randomization, a tiled factorization is used that reduces synchronization by using static or dynamic scheduling. We compare Gflop/s performance of our solver with other types of factorizations on a current multicore machine and we provide tests on accuracy using LAPACK test cases.
C1 [Baboulin, Marc] Inria Saclay Ile de France, F-91893 Orsay, France.
[Baboulin, Marc] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France.
[Becker, Dulceneia; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England.
RP Baboulin, M (reprint author), Inria Saclay Ile de France, F-91893 Orsay, France.
EM marc.baboulin@inria.fr; dbecker7@eecs.utk.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu
RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 14
EP 24
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.12
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900003
ER
PT S
AU Meng, JY
Sheaffer, JW
Skadron, K
AF Meng, Jiayuan
Sheaffer, Jeremy W.
Skadron, Kevin
GP IEEE
TI Robust SIMD: Dynamically Adapted SIMD Width and Multi-Threading Depth
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB Architectures that aggressively exploit SIMD often have many datapaths execute in lockstep and use multi-threading to hide latency. They can yield high throughput in terms of area- and energy-efficiency for many data-parallel applications. To balance productivity and performance, many recent SIMD organizations incorporate implicit cache hierarchies. Exaples of such architectures include Intel's MIC, AMD's Fusion, and NVIDIA's Fermi. However, unlike software-managed streaming memories used in conventional graphics processors (GPUs), hardware-managed caches are more disruptive to SIMD execution; therefore the interaction between implicit caching and aggressive SIMD execution may no longer follow the conventional wisdom gained from streaming memories. We show that due to more frequent memory latency divergence, lower latency in non-L1 data accesses, and relatively unpredictable L1 contention, cache hierarchies favor different SIMD widths and multi-threading depths than streaming memories. In fact, because the above effects are subject to runtime dynamics, a fixed combination of SIMD width and multi-threading depth no longer works ubiquitously across diverse applications or when cache capacities are reduced due to pollution or power saving.
To address the above issues and reduce design risks, this paper proposes Robust SIMD, which provides wide SIMD and then dynamically adjusts SIMD width and multi-threading depth according to performance feedback. Robust SIMD can trade wider SIMD for deeper multi-threading by splitting a wider SIMD group into multiple narrower SIMD groups. Compared to the performance generated by running every benchmark on its individually preferred SIMD organization, the same Robust SIMD organization performs similarly-sometimes even better due to phase adaptation-and outperforms the best fixed SIMD organization by 17%. When D-cache capacity is reduced due to runtime disruptiveness, Robust SIMD offers graceful performance degradation; with 25% polluted cache lines in a 32 KB D-cache, Robust SIMD performs 1.4x better compared to a conventional SIMD architecture.
C1 [Meng, Jiayuan] Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Sheaffer, Jeremy W.; Skadron, Kevin] Univ Virginia, Dept Comp Sci, Charlottesville, VA USA.
RP Meng, JY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM jmeng@alcf.anl.gov; jws9c@cs.virginia.edu; skadron@cs.virginia.edu
FU SRC [1607, 1972]; NSF [IIS-0612049, CNS-0615277]; NVIDIA Research;
Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported in part by SRC grant No.1607 and task 1972, NSF
grant nos. IIS-0612049 and CNS-0615277, a grant from Intel Research, a
professor partnership award from NVIDIA Research, and an NVIDIA Ph.D.
fellowship (Meng). This research is also supported by the Argonne
Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is
supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 39
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 107
EP 118
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.20
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900011
ER
PT S
AU Scogland, TRW
Rountree, B
Feng, WC
de Supinski, BR
AF Scogland, Thomas R. W.
Rountree, Barry
Feng, Wu-chun
de Supinski, Bronis R.
GP IEEE
TI Heterogeneous Task Scheduling for Accelerated OpenMP
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE GPGPU; OpenMP; Programming models
ID ARCHITECTURES
AB Heterogeneous systems with CPUs and computational accelerators such as GPUs, FPGAs or the upcoming Intel MIC are becoming mainstream. In these systems, peak performance includes the performance of not just the CPUs but also all available accelerators. In spite of this fact, the majority of programming models for heterogeneous computing focus on only one of these. With the development of Accelerated OpenMP for GPUs, both from PGI and Cray, we have a clear path to extend traditional OpenMP applications incrementally to use GPUs. The extensions are geared toward switching from CPU parallelism to GPU parallelism. However they do not preserve the former while adding the latter. Thus computational potential is wasted since either the CPU cores or the GPU cores are left idle. Our goal is to create a runtime system that can intelligently divide an accelerated OpenMP region across all available resources automatically. This paper presents our proof-of-concept runtime system for dynamic task scheduling across CPUs and GPUs. Further, we motivate the addition of this system into the proposed OpenMP for Accelerators standard. Finally, we show that this option can produce as much as a two-fold performance improvement over using either the CPU or GPU alone.
C1 [Scogland, Thomas R. W.; Feng, Wu-chun] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
[Rountree, Barry; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Scogland, TRW (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
EM tom.scogland@vt.edu; rountree@llnl.gov; feng@vt.edu; bronis@llnl.gov
FU DoD National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG)
[LLNL-CONF-502012]
FX This work was supported in part by a DoD National Defense Science &
Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG). LLNL-CONF-502012
NR 22
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 144
EP 155
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.23
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900014
ER
PT S
AU Arafat, H
Sadayappan, P
Dinan, J
Krishnamoorthy, S
Windus, TL
AF Arafat, Humayun
Sadayappan, P.
Dinan, James
Krishnamoorthy, Sriram
Windus, Theresa L.
GP IEEE
TI Load Balancing of Dynamical Nucleation Theory Monte Carlo Simulations
Through Resource Sharing Barriers
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Monte Carlo Simulation; Parallel processing; Load balancing; Resource
management; Global Arrays; PGAS
ID PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHMS; IMPLEMENTATION; LANGUAGE; NWCHEM
AB The dynamical nucleation theory Monte Carlo (DNTMC) application from the NWChem computational chemistry suite utilizes a Markov chain Monte Carlo, two-level parallel structure, with periodic synchronization points that assemble the results of independent finer-grained calculations. Like many such applications, the existing code employs a static partitioning of processes into groups and assigns each group a piece of the finer-grained parallel calculation. A significant cause of performance degradation is load imbalance among groups since the time requirements of the inner-parallel calculation varies widely with the input problem and as a result of the Monte Carlo simulation. We present a novel approach to load balancing such calculations with minimal changes to the application. We introduce the concept of a resource sharing barrier (RSB) - a barrier that allows process groups waiting on other processes' work to actively contribute to their completion. The RSB load balancing technique is applied to the production DNTMC application code, resulting in a small code change of 200 lines and a reduction in execution time of up to 37%.
C1 [Arafat, Humayun; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Dinan, James] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Krishnamoorthy, Sriram] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Windus, Theresa L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Arafat, H (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM arafatm@cse.ohio-state.edu; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu; dinan@mcs.anl.gov;
sriram@pnl.gov; twindus@iastate.edu
RI Sadayappan, P/D-6620-2012
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; Advanced Scientific
Computing "High performance computational chemistry; Computer physics
Communications [1-2]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office
of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing High performance computational
chemistry: An overview of NWChem a distributed parallel application,
Computer physics Communications , vol. 128, no. 1-2, pp. 260 -283, 2000.
NR 35
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 285
EP 295
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.35
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900026
ER
PT S
AU Protze, J
Hilbrich, T
Knupfer, A
de Supinski, BR
Muller, MS
AF Protze, Joachim
Hilbrich, Tobias
Knuepfer, Andreas
de Supinski, Bronis R.
Mueller, Matthias S.
GP IEEE
TI Holistic Debugging of MPI Derived Datatypes
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE MPI; datatypes; runtime error detection; debugging
ID FRAMEWORK
AB The Message Passing Interface (MPI) specifies an API that allows programmers to create efficient and scalable parallel applications. The standard defines multiple constraints for each function parameter. For performance reasons, no MPI implementation checks all of these constraints at runtime. Derived datatypes are an important concept of MPI and allow users to describe an application's data structures for efficient and convenient communication. Using existing infrastructure we present scalable algorithms to detect usage errors of basic and derived MPI datatypes. We detect errors that include constraints for construction and usage of derived datatypes, matching their type signatures in communication, and detecting erroneous overlaps of communication buffers.
We implement these checks in the MUST runtime error detection framework. We provide a novel representation of error locations to highlight usage errors. Further, approaches to buffer overlap checking can cause unacceptable overheads for non-contiguous datatypes. We present an algorithm that uses patterns in derived MPI datatypes to avoid these overheads without losing precision. Application results for the benchmark suites SPEC MPI2007 and NAS Parallel Benchmarks for up to 2048 cores show that our approach applies to a broad range of applications and that our extended overlap check improves performance by two orders of magnitude. Finally, we augment our runtime error detection component with a debugger extension to support in-depth analysis of the errors that we find as well as semantic errors. This extension to gdb provides information about MPI datatype handles and enables gdb - and other debuggers based on gdb - to display the content of a buffer as used in MPI communications.
C1 [Protze, Joachim; Hilbrich, Tobias; Knuepfer, Andreas; Mueller, Matthias S.] Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Informat Serv & High Performance Comp, Dresden, Germany.
[de Supinski, Bronis R.] Ctr Appl Sci Comp, LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Protze, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Informat Serv & High Performance Comp, Dresden, Germany.
EM joachim.protze@tu-dresden.de; tobias.hilbrich@tu-dresden.de;
andreas.knuepfer@tu-dresden.de; bronis@llnl.gov;
matthias.mueller@tu-dresden.de
FU Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S.
Department of Energy.
FX This article (LLNL-CONF-522011) has been authored in part by Lawrence
Livermore National Security, LLC under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with
the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the United States Government
retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication,
acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive,
paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the
published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United
States Government purposes.
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 354
EP 365
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.41
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900032
ER
PT S
AU Gyulassy, A
Pascucci, V
Peterka, T
Ross, R
AF Gyulassy, Attila
Pascucci, Valerio
Peterka, Tom
Ross, Robert
GP IEEE
TI The Parallel Computation of Morse-Smale Complexes
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Morse-Sample complex; Parallel topological analysis
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL SCALAR FUNCTIONS; SIMPLIFICATION
AB Topology-based techniques are useful for multiscale exploration of the feature space of scalar-valued functions, such as those derived from the output of large-scale simulations. The Morse-Smale (MS) complex, in particular, allows robust identification of gradient-based features, and therefore is suitable for analysis tasks in a wide range of application domains. In this paper, we develop a two-stage algorithm to construct the 1-skeleton of the Morse-Smale complex in parallel, the first stage independently computing local features per block and the second stage merging to resolve global features. Our implementation is based on MPI and a distributed-memory architecture. Through a set of scalability studies on the IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer, we characterize the performance of the algorithm as block sizes, process counts, merging strategy, and levels of topological simplification are varied, for datasets that vary in feature composition and size. We conclude with a strong scaling study using scientific datasets computed by combustion and hydrodynamics simulations.
C1 [Gyulassy, Attila; Pascucci, Valerio] Univ Utah, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
[Peterka, Tom; Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Gyulassy, A (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Comp Sci, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
EM jediati@sci.utah.edu; pascucci@sci.utah.edu; tpeterka@mcs.anl.gov;
rross@mcs.anl.gov
NR 30
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 484
EP 495
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.52
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900043
ER
PT S
AU Beckman, P
AF Beckman, Pete
GP IEEE
TI Exascale System Software for the Year of the Dragon
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS)
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Exascale Technol & Comp Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Beckman, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Exascale Technol & Comp Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 595
EP 595
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.132
PG 1
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900052
ER
PT S
AU Lifflander, J
Miller, P
Venkataraman, R
Arya, A
Kale, L
Jones, T
AF Lifflander, Jonathan
Miller, Phil
Venkataraman, Ramprasad
Arya, Anshu
Kale, Laxmikant
Jones, Terry
GP IEEE
TI Mapping Dense LU Factorization on Multicore Supercomputer Nodes
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB Dense LU factorization is a prominent benchmark used to rank the performance of supercomputers. Many implementations use block-cyclic distributions of matrix blocks onto a two-dimensional process grid. The process grid dimensions drive a trade-off between communication and computation and are architecture-and implementation-sensitive. The critical panel factorization steps can be made less communication-bound by overlapping asynchronous collectives for pivoting with the computation of rank-k updates. By shifting the computation-communication trade-off, a modified block-cyclic distribution can beneficially exploit more available parallelism on the critical path, and reduce panel factorization's memory hierarchy contention on now-ubiquitous multicore architectures.
During active panel factorization, rank-1 updates stream through memory with minimal reuse. In a column-major process grid, the performance of this access pattern degrades as too many streaming processors contend for access to memory. A block-cyclic mapping in the row-major order does not encounter this problem, but consequently sacrifices node and network locality in the critical pivoting steps. We introduce striding to vary between the two extremes of row-and column-major process grids.
The maximum available parallelism in the critical path work (active panel factorization, triangular solves, and subsequent broadcasts) is bounded by the length or width of the process grid. Increasing one dimension of the process grid decreases the number of distinct processes and nodes in the other dimension. To increase the harnessed parallelism in both dimensions, we start with a tall process grid. We then apply periodic rotation to this grid to restore exploited parallelism along the row to previous levels.
As a test-bed for further mapping experiments, we describe a dense LU implementation that allows a block distribution to be defined as a general function of block to processor. Other mappings can be tested with only small, local changes to the code.
C1 [Lifflander, Jonathan; Miller, Phil; Venkataraman, Ramprasad; Arya, Anshu; Kale, Laxmikant] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Jones, Terry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Lifflander, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM jliffl2@illinois.edu; mille121@illinois.edu; ramv@illinois.edu;
arya3@illinois.edu; kale@illinois.edu; trj@ornl.gov
FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0725070, ITR-HECURA-0833188,
NSF-0904844]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0001845, DEFG-08OR23332];
Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory
under DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [TG-ASC050040N]; National Center for
Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; DOE
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation
(OCI-0725070, ITR-HECURA-0833188, NSF-0904844) and the Department of
Energy (DE-SC0001845, DEFG-08OR23332). This research used Intrepid and
Surveyor of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne
National Laboratory, under the support of DOE contract
DE-AC02-06CH11357. Runs on Kraken were done under the TeraGrid [5]
allocation grant TG-ASC050040N supported by the NSF. Running time on
Jaguar, a resource of the National Center for Computational Sciences at
Oak Ridge National Laboratory,was supported by DOE contract
DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accounts on Jaguar were made available via the
Performance Evaluation and Analysis Consortium End Station, a DOE INCITE
project.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 596
EP 606
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.61
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900053
ER
PT S
AU Dongarra, J
Faverge, M
Herault, T
Langou, J
Robert, Y
AF Dongarra, Jack
Faverge, Mathieu
Herault, Thomas
Langou, Julien
Robert, Yves
GP IEEE
TI Hierarchical QR factorization algorithms for multi-core cluster systems
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE QR factorization; numerical linear algebra; hierarchical architecture;
distributed memory; cluster; multicore
ID GIVENS
AB This paper describes a new QR factorization algorithm which is especially designed for massively parallel platforms combining parallel distributed multi-core nodes. These platforms make the present and the foreseeable future of high-performance computing. Our new QR factorization algorithm falls in the category of the tile algorithms which naturally enables good data locality for the sequential kernels executed by the cores (high sequential performance), low number of messages in a parallel distributed setting (small latency term), and fine granularity (high parallelism). Each tile algorithm is uniquely characterized by its sequence of reduction trees. In the context of a cluster of multicores, in order to minimize the number of inter-processor communications (aka, "communication-avoiding" algorithm), it is natural to consider two-level hierarchical trees composed of an "inter-node" tree which acts on top of "intra-node" trees. At the intra-node level, we propose a hierarchical tree made of three levels: (0) "TS level" for cache-friendliness, (1) "low level" for decoupled highly parallel inter-node reductions, (2) "coupling level" to efficiently resolve interactions between local reductions and global reductions. Our hierarchical algorithm and its implementation are flexible and modular, and can accommodate several kernel types, different distribution layouts, and a variety of reduction trees at all levels, both inter-cluster and intra-cluster. Numerical experiments on a cluster of multicore nodes (1) confirm that each of the four levels of our hierarchical tree contributes to build up performance and (2) build insights on how these levels influence performance and interact within each other. Our implementation of the new algorithm with the DAGUE scheduling tool significantly outperforms currently available QR factorization softwares for all matrix shapes, thereby bringing a new advance in numerical linear algebra for petascale and exascale platforms.
C1 [Dongarra, Jack; Faverge, Mathieu; Herault, Thomas; Robert, Yves] Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Langou, Julien] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO USA.
[Robert, Yves] Ecole Normale Superieure Lyon, Lyon, France.
RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM dongarra@eecs.utk.edu; mfaverge@eecs.utk.edu; therault@eecs.utk.edu;
Julien.Langou@ucdenver.edu; Yves.Robert@ens-lyon.fr
RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 607
EP 618
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.62
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900054
ER
PT S
AU Yamazaki, I
Li, XYS
AF Yamazaki, Ichitaro
Li, Xiaoye S.
GP IEEE
TI New Scheduling Strategies and Hybrid Programming for a Parallel
Right-looking Sparse LU Factorization Algorithm on Multicore Cluster
Systems
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS)
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID SYMBOLIC FACTORIZATION; DIRECT SOLVER; DESIGN
AB Parallel sparse LU factorization is a key computational kernel in the solution of a large-scale linear system of equations. In this paper, we propose two strategies to address some scalability issues of a factorization algorithm on modern HPC systems. The first strategy is at the algorithmic-level; we schedule independent tasks as soon as possible to reduce the idle time and the critical path of the algorithm. We demonstrate using thousands of cores that our new scheduling strategy reduces the runtime by nearly three-fold from that of a state-of-the-art pipelined factorization algorithm. The second strategy is at both programming-and architecture-levels; we incorporate light-weight OpenMP threads in each MPI process to reduce both memory and time overheads of a pure MPI implementation on manycore NUMA architectures. Using this hybrid programming paradigm, we obtain a significant reduction in memory usage while achieving a parallel efficiency competitive with that of a pure MPI paradigm. As a result, in comparison to a pure MPI paradigm which failed due to the per-core memory constraint, the hybrid paradigm could utilize more cores on each node and reduce the factorization time on the same number of nodes. We show extensive performance analysis of the new strategies using thousands of cores of the two leading HPC systems, a Cray-XE6 and an IBM iDataPlex.
C1 [Yamazaki, Ichitaro; Li, Xiaoye S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Yamazaki, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM ic.yamazaki@gmail.com; xsli@lbl.gov
NR 22
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 619
EP 630
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.63
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900055
ER
PT S
AU Rajamanickam, S
Boman, EG
Heroux, MA
AF Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran
Boman, Erik G.
Heroux, Michael A.
GP IEEE
TI ShyLU: A Hybrid-Hybrid Solver for Multicore Platforms
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS)
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID ALGORITHM; MULTIPROCESSOR; INTERFACE
AB With the ubiquity of multicore processors, it is crucial that solvers adapt to the hierarchical structure of modern architectures. We present ShyLU, a "hybrid-hybrid" solver for general sparse linear systems that is hybrid in two ways: First, it combines direct and iterative methods. The iterative part is based on approximate Schur complements where we compute the approximate Schur complement using a value-based dropping strategy or structure-based probing strategy.
Second, the solver uses two levels of parallelism via hybrid programming (MPI+threads). ShyLU is useful both in shared-memory environments and on large parallel computers with distributed memory. In the latter case, it should be used as a subdomain solver. We argue that with the increasing complexity of compute nodes, it is important to exploit multiple levels of parallelism even within a single compute node.
We show the robustness of ShyLU against other algebraic preconditioners. ShyLU scales well up to 384 cores for a given problem size. We also study the MPI-only performance of ShyLU against a hybrid implementation and conclude that on present multicore nodes MPI-only implementation is better. However, for future multicore machines (96 or more cores) hybrid/hierarchical algorithms and implementations are important for sustained performance.
C1 [Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran; Boman, Erik G.; Heroux, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Rajamanickam, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM srajama@sandia.gov; egboman@sandia.gov; maherou@sandia.gov
OI Heroux, Michael/0000-0002-5893-0273
NR 28
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 11
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 631
EP 643
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.64
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900056
ER
PT S
AU Kristensen, MRB
Zheng, YL
Vinter, B
AF Kristensen, Mads Ruben Burgdorff
Zheng, Yili
Vinter, Brian
GP IEEE
TI PGAS for Distributed Numerical Python Targeting Multi-core Clusters
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Parallel Programming; Parallel Computing; Python; Scientific Computing
AB In this paper we propose a parallel programming model that combines two well-known execution models: Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) and Single Program, Multiple Data (SPMD). The combined model supports SIMD-style data parallelism in global address space and supports SPMD-style task parallelism in local address space. One of the most important features in the combined model is that data communication is expressed by global data assignments instead of message passing. We implement this combined programming model into Python, making parallel programming with Python both highly productive and performing on distributed memory multi-core systems.
We base the SIMD data parallelism on DistNumPy, an auto-parallelizing version of the Numerical Python (NumPy) package that allows sequential NumPy programs to run on distributed memory architectures. We implement the SPMD task parallelism as an extension to DistNumPy that enables each process to have direct access to the local part of a shared array. To harvest the multi-core benefits in modern processors we exploit multi-threading in both SIMD and SPMD execution models. The multi-threading is completely transparent to the user - it is implemented in the runtime with OpenMP and by using multi-threaded libraries when available.
We evaluate the implementation of the combined programming model with several scientific computing benchmarks using two representative multi-core distributed memory systems - an Intel Nehalem cluster with Infiniband interconnects and a Cray XE-6 supercomputer - up to 1536 cores. The benchmarking results demonstrate scalable good performance.
C1 [Kristensen, Mads Ruben Burgdorff; Vinter, Brian] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark.
[Zheng, Yili] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Kristensen, MRB (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark.
EM madsbk@nbi.dk; yzheng@lbl.gov; vinter@nbi.dk
RI Kristensen, Mads/M-4506-2014
OI Kristensen, Mads/0000-0001-6079-7742
FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231];
National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; U.S. Department of
Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy (DE-AC02- 05CH11231). This research used resources
of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is
supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 680
EP 690
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.67
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900060
ER
PT S
AU Van Essen, B
Pearce, R
Ames, S
Gokhale, M
AF Van Essen, Brian
Pearce, Roger
Ames, Sasha
Gokhale, Maya
GP IEEE
TI On the role of NVRAM in data-intensive architectures: an evaluation
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS)
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE data-intensive; memory architecture; NVRAM
ID MEMORY
AB Data-intensive applications are best suited to high-performance computing architectures that contain large quantities of main memory. Creating these systems with DRAM-based main memory remains costly and power-intensive. Due to improvements in density and cost, non-volatile random access memories (NVRAM) have emerged as compelling storage technologies to augment traditional DRAM.
This work explores the potential of future NVRAM technologies to store program state at performance comparable to DRAM. We have developed the PerMA NVRAM simulator that allows us to explore applications with working sets ranging up to hundreds of gigabytes per node. The simulator is implemented as a Linux device driver that allows application execution at native speeds. Using the simulator we show the impact of future technology generations of I/O-bus-attached NVRAM on an unstructured-access, level-asynchronous, Breadth-First Search (BFS) graph traversal algorithm.
Our simulations show that within a couple of technology generations, a system architecture with local high performance NVRAM will be able to effectively augment DRAM to support highly concurrent data-intensive applications with large memory footprints. However, improvements will be needed in the I/O stack to deliver this performance to applications. The simulator shows that future technology generations of NVRAM in conjunction with an improved I/O runtime will enable parallel data-intensive applications to offload in-memory data structures to NVRAM with minimal performance loss.
C1 [Van Essen, Brian; Pearce, Roger; Ames, Sasha; Gokhale, Maya] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Van Essen, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM vanessen1@llnl.gov; pearce7@llnl.gov; ames4@llnl.gov; gokhale2@llnl.gov
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 703
EP 714
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.69
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900062
ER
PT S
AU Zhang, XC
Davis, K
Jiang, S
AF Zhang, Xuechen
Davis, Kei
Jiang, Song
GP IEEE
TI iTransformer: Using SSD to Improve Disk Scheduling for High-performance
I/O
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Disk Scheduler; Solid State Drive; Shared Storage Systems
AB The parallel data accesses inherent to large-scale data-intensive scientific computing require that data servers handle very high I/O concurrency. Concurrent requests from different processes or programs to hard disk can cause disk head thrashing between different disk regions, resulting in unacceptably low I/O performance. Current storage systems either rely on the disk scheduler at each data server, or use SSD as storage, to minimize this negative performance effect. However, the ability of the scheduler to alleviate this problem by scheduling requests in memory is limited by concerns such as long disk access times, and potential loss of dirty data with system failure. Meanwhile, SSD is too expensive to be widely used as the major storage device in the HPC environment.
We propose iTransformer, a scheme that employs a small SSD to schedule requests for the data on disk. Being less space-constrained than with more expensive DRAM, iTransformer can buffer larger amounts of dirty data before writing it back to the disk, or prefetch a larger volume of data in a batch into the SSD. In both cases high disk efficiency can be maintained even for concurrent requests. Furthermore, the scheme allows the scheduling of requests in the background to hide the cost of random disk access behind serving process requests. Finally, as a non-volatile memory, concerns about the quantity of dirty data are obviated. We have implemented iTransformer in the Linux kernel and tested it on a large cluster running PVFS2. Our experiments show that iTransformer can improve the I/O throughput of the cluster by 35% on average for MPI/IO benchmarks of various data access patterns.
C1 [Zhang, Xuechen; Jiang, Song] Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
[Davis, Kei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, ECE Dept, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
EM xczhang@wayne.edu; kei.davis@lanl.gov; sjiang@eng.wayne.edu
FU US National Science Foundation under CAREER CCF [0845711]; CNS
[1117772]; Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of
Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX The authors thank Marcus Daniels and Daniel Mahoney (LANL) for their
technical assistance with the Darwin cluster. We also thank the
anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was
supported by US National Science Foundation under CAREER CCF 0845711 and
CNS 1117772. This work was also funded in part by the Accelerated
Strategic Computing program of the Department of Energy. Los Alamos
National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for
the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 39
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 715
EP 726
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.70
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900063
ER
PT S
AU Dinan, J
Balaji, P
Hammond, JR
Krishnamoorthy, S
Tipparaju, V
AF Dinan, James
Balaji, Pavan
Hammond, Jeff R.
Krishnamoorthy, Sriram
Tipparaju, Vinod
GP IEEE
TI Supporting the Global Arrays PGAS Model Using MPI One-Sided
Communication
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE One-sided communication; Global address space; MPI; Global Arrays;
ARMCI; NWChem
AB The industry-standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) provides one-sided communication functionality and is available on virtually every parallel computing system. However, it is believed that MPI's one-sided model is not rich enough to support higher-level global address space parallel programming models. We present the first successful application of MPI one-sided communication as a runtime system for a PGAS model, Global Arrays (GA). This work has an immediate impact on users of GA applications, such as NWChem, who often must wait several months to a year or more before GA becomes available on a new architecture. We explore challenges present in the application of MPI-2 to PGAS models and motivate new features in the upcoming MPI-3 standard. The performance of our system is evaluated on several popular high-performance computing architectures through communication benchmarking and application benchmarking using the NWChem computational chemistry suite.
C1 [Dinan, James; Balaji, Pavan; Hammond, Jeff R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Krishnamoorthy, Sriram] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Dinan, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM dinan@anl.gov; balaji@anl.gov; jhammond@anl.gov; sriram@pnnl.gov;
tipparajuv@ieee.org
RI Hammond, Jeff/G-8607-2013
OI Hammond, Jeff/0000-0003-3181-8190
FU ALCF; Argonne LCRC; NCCS; NERSC; U.S. Department of Energy
[DEAC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-ACO6-76RL01830]
FX This work was supported through resource grants from ALCF, Argonne LCRC,
NCCS, and NERSC and by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts
DEAC02-06CH11357,DE-AC05-00OR22725, and DE-ACO6- 76RL01830.
NR 21
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 739
EP 750
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.72
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900065
ER
PT S
AU Sun, YH
Zheng, GB
Kale, LV
Jones, TR
Olson, R
AF Sun, Yanhua
Zheng, Gengbin
Kale, Laximant V.
Jones, Terry R.
Olson, Ryan
GP IEEE
TI A uGNI-based Asynchronous Message-driven Runtime System for Cray
Supercomputers with Gemini Interconnect
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Cray XE/XT; Gemini Interconnect; Asynchronous message-driven; Low Level
Runtime System
AB Gemini, the network for the new Cray XE/XK systems, features low latency, high bandwidth and strong scalability. Its hardware support for remote direct memory access enables efficient implementation of the global address space programming languages. Although the user Generic Network Interface (uGNI) provides a low-level interface for Gemini with support to the message-passing programming model (MPI), it remains challenging to port alternative programming models with scalable performance.
CHARM++ is an object-oriented message-driven programming model. Its applications have been shown to scale up to the full Jaguar Cray XT machine. In this paper, we present an implementation of this programming model on uGNI for the Cray XE/XK systems. Several techniques are presented to exploit the uGNI capabilites by reducing memory copy and registration overhead, taking advantage of the persistent communication, and improving intra-node communication. Our micro-benchmark results demonstrate that the uGNI-based runtime system outperforms the MPI-based implementation by up to 50% in terms of message latency. For communication intensive applications such as N-Queens, this implementation scales up to 15, 360 cores of a Cray XE6 machine and is 70% faster than the MPI-based implementation. In molecular dynamics application NAMD, the performance is also considerably improved by as much as 18%.
C1 [Sun, Yanhua; Zheng, Gengbin; Kale, Laximant V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Jones, Terry R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Olson, Ryan] Cary Inc, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Sun, YH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM sun51@illinois.edu; gzheng@illinois.edu; kale@illinois.edu;
trjones@ornl.gov; ryan@cray.com
FU NIH [PHS 5 P41 RR05969-04]; NSF [OCI-0725070]; Institute for Advanced
Computing Applications and Technologies (IACAT) at University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; HPC Colony Project; DOE Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research
FX This work was supported in part by a NIH Grant PHS 5 P41 RR05969-04, by
NSF grant OCI-0725070 for Blue Waters, and by the Institute for Advanced
Computing Applications and Technologies (IACAT) at the University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Major funding was provided by the HPC
Colony Project, an effort supported by the DOE Office of Advanced
Scientific Computing Research. This work used machine resources from
NERSC (Hopper) through an ERCAP award to the HPC Colony Project.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 751
EP 762
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.127
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900066
ER
PT S
AU Azad, A
Halappanavar, M
Rajamanickam, S
Boman, EG
Khan, A
Pothen, A
AF Azad, Ariful
Halappanavar, Mahantesh
Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran
Boman, Erik G.
Khan, Arif
Pothen, Alex
GP IEEE
TI Multithreaded Algorithms for Maximum Matching in Bipartite Graphs
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB We design, implement, and evaluate algorithms for computing a matching of maximum cardinality in a bipartite graph on multicore and massively multithreaded computers. As computers with larger numbers of slower cores dominate the commodity processor market, the design of multithreaded algorithms to solve large matching problems becomes a necessity. Recent work on serial algorithms for the matching problem has shown that their performance is sensitive to the order in which the vertices are processed for matching. In a multithreaded environment, imposing a serial order in which vertices are considered for matching would lead to loss of concurrency and performance. But this raises the question: Would parallel matching algorithms on multithreaded machines improve performance over a serial algorithm?
We answer this question in the affirmative. We report efficient multithreaded implementations of three classes of algorithms based on their manner of searching for augmenting paths: breadth-first-search, depth-first-search, and a combination of both. The Karp-Sipser initialization algorithm is used to make the parallel algorithms practical. We report extensive results and insights using three shared-memory platforms (a 48-core AMD Opteron, a 32-core Intel Nehalem, and a 128-processor Cray XMT) on a representative set of real-world and synthetic graphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of augmentation-based parallel algorithms for bipartite cardinality matching that demonstrates good speedups on multithreaded shared memory multiprocessors.
C1 [Azad, Ariful; Khan, Arif; Pothen, Alex] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
[Halappanavar, Mahantesh] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
[Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran; Boman, Erik G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Azad, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM aazad@purdue.edu; mahantesh.halappanavar@pnnl.gov; srajama@sandia.gov;
egboman@sandia.gov; khan58@purdue.edu; apothen@purdue.edu
FU Center for Adaptive Super Computing Software - MultiThreaded
Architectures (CASS-MT); U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory; Battelle Memorial Institute
[DE-ACO6-76RL01830]; DOE through the CSCAPES Institute
[DE-FC02-08ER25864, DEFC02-06ER2775]; NSF [CCF-0830645]; DOE's National
Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This work was funded by the Center for Adaptive Super Computing Software
- MultiThreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the U.S. Department of
Energys (DOE) Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated by
Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-ACO6-76RL01830. Funding
was also provided by the DOE through the CSCAPES Institute (grants
DE-FC02-08ER25864 and DEFC02- 06ER2775), and NSF grant CCF-0830645.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
Martin Corporation, for the DOEs National Nuclear Security
Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 22
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 10
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 860
EP 872
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.82
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900076
ER
PT S
AU Gong, ZH
Lakshminarasimhan, S
Jenkins, J
Kolla, H
Ethier, S
Chen, J
Ross, R
Klasky, S
Samatova, NF
AF Gong, Zhenhuan
Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram
Jenkins, John
Kolla, Hemanth
Ethier, Stephane
Chen, Jackie
Ross, Robert
Klasky, Scott
Samatova, Nagiza F.
GP IEEE
TI Multi-level Layout Optimization for Efficient Spatio-temporal Queries on
ISABELA-compressed Data
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID SPACE-FILLING CURVE
AB The size and scope of cutting-edge scientific simulations are growing much faster than the I/O subsystems of their runtime environments, not only making I/O the primary bottleneck, but also consuming space that pushes the storage capacities of many computing facilities. These problems are exacerbated by the need to perform data-intensive analytics applications, such as querying the dataset by variable and spatio-temporal constraints, for what current database technologies commonly build query indices of size greater than that of the raw data. To help solve these problems, we present a parallel query-processing engine that can handle both range queries and queries with spatio-temporal constraints, on B-spline compressed data with user-controlled accuracy. Our method adapts to widening gaps between computation and I/O performance by querying on compressed metadata separated into bins by variable values, utilizing Hilbert space-filling curves to optimize for spatial constraints and aggregating data access to improve locality of per-bin stored data, reducing the false positive rate and latency-bound I/O operations (such as seek) substantially. We show our method to be efficient with respect to storage, computation, and I/O compared to existing database technologies optimized for query processing on scientific data.
C1 [Gong, Zhenhuan; Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Jenkins, John; Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
[Gong, Zhenhuan; Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Jenkins, John; Klasky, Scott; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Kolla, Hemanth; Chen, Jackie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
[Ethier, Stephane] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
[Ross, Robert] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu
RI Kolla, Hemanth/L-2142-2013
OI Kolla, Hemanth/0000-0003-4969-5870
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center)
[DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256,
DE-FOA-0000257]; U.S. National Science Foundation; LLC U.S. D.O.E
[DEAC05-00OR22725]
FX We would like to acknowledge the use of resources at ORNLs and ANLs
leadership class computing facilities, OLCF and ALCF, respectively.
Also, we appreciate the use of the datasets available from the Flash
Center for Computational Science. This work was supported in part by the
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center,
DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0004935, DE-FC02-10ER26002, DE-FOA-0000256,
DE-FOA-0000257) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (Expeditions in
Computing). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UTBattelle for
the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725.
NR 38
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U1 0
U2 12
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 873
EP 884
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.83
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900077
ER
PT S
AU Yu, YE
Rudd, DH
Lan, ZL
Gnedin, NY
Kravtsov, A
Wu, JJ
AF Yu, Yongen
Rudd, Douglas H.
Lan, Zhiling
Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
Kravtsov, Andrey
Wu, Jingjin
GP IEEE
TI Improving Parallel IO Performance of Cell-based AMR Cosmology
Applications
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE parallel I/O; adaptive mesh refinement; data layout; high performance
computing; cosmology simulations
ID REFINEMENT; CODE
AB To effectively model various regions with different resolutions, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is commonly used in cosmology simulations. There are two well-known numerical approaches towards the implementation of AMR-based cosmology simulations: block-based AMR and cell-based AMR. While many studies have been conducted to improve performance and scalability of block-structured AMR applications, little work has been done for cell-based simulations. In this study, we present a parallel IO design for cell-based AMR cosmology applications, in particular, the ART(Adaptive Refinement Tree) code. First, we design a new data format that incorporates a space filling curve to map between spatial and on-disk locations. This indexing not only enables concurrent IO accesses from multiple application processes, but also allows users to extract local regions without significant additional memory, CPU or disk space overheads. Second, we develop a flexible N-M mapping mechanism to harvest the benefits of N-N and N-1 mappings where N is number of application processes and M is a user-tunable parameter for number of files. It not only overcomes the limited bandwidth issue of an N-1 mapping by allowing the creation of multiple files, but also enables users to efficiently restart the application at a variety of computing scales. Third, we develop a user-level library to transparently and automatically aggregate small IO accesses per process to accelerate IO performance. We evaluate this new parallel IO design by means of real cosmology simulations on production HPC system at TACC. Our preliminary results indicate that it can not only provide the functionality required by scientists (e.g., effective extraction of local regions and flexible process-tofile mapping), but also significantly improve IO performance.
C1 [Yu, Yongen; Lan, Zhiling; Wu, Jingjin] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
[Rudd, Douglas H.] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
[Kravtsov, Andrey] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Gnedin, Nickolay Y.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theor Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL USA.
RP Yu, YE (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
EM yyu22@iit.edu; douglas.rudd@yale.edu; lan@iit.edu; gnedin@fnal.gov;
andrey@oddjob.uchicago.edu; jwu45@iit.edu
FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0904670]
FX This work is supported in part by National Science Foundation grants
OCI-0904670.
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 933
EP 944
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.88
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900082
ER
PT S
AU Li, D
Vetter, JS
Marin, G
McCurdy, C
Cira, C
Liu, Z
Yu, WK
AF Li, Dong
Vetter, Jeffrey S.
Marin, Gabriel
McCurdy, Collin
Cira, Cristian
Liu, Zhuo
Yu, Weikuan
GP IEEE
TI Identifying Opportunities for Byte-Addressable Non-Volatile Memory in
Extreme-Scale Scientific Applications
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS)
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Process (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc, IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB Future exascale systems face extreme power challenges. To improve power efficiency of future HPC systems, non-volatile memory (NVRAM) technologies are being investigated as potential alternatives to existing memories technologies. NVRAMs use extremely low power when in standby mode, and have other performance and scaling benefits. Although previous work has explored the integration of NVRAM into various architecture and system levels, an open question remains: do specific memory workload characteristics of scientific applications map well onto NVRAMs' features when used in a hybrid NVRAM-DRAM memory system? Furthermore, are there common classes of data structures used by scientific applications that should be frequently placed into NVRAM? In this paper, we analyze several mission-critical scientific applications in order to answer these questions. Specifically, we develop a binary instrumentation tool to statistically report memory access patterns in stack, heap, and global data. We carry out hardware simulation to study the impact of NVRAM for both memory power and system performance. Our study identifies many opportunities for using NVRAM for scientific applications. In two of our applications, 31% and 27% of the memory working sets are suitable for NVRAM. Our simulations suggest at least 27% possible power savings and reveal that the performance of some applications is insensitive to relatively long NVRAM write-access latencies.
C1 [Li, Dong; Vetter, Jeffrey S.; Marin, Gabriel; McCurdy, Collin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Li, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM lid1@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; maring@ornl.gov; cmcurdy@ornl.gov;
cmc0031@auburn.edu; zhuoliu@auburn.edu; wkyu@auburn.edu
NR 23
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 945
EP 956
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.89
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900083
ER
PT S
AU Wang, C
Vazhkudai, SS
Ma, XS
Meng, F
Kim, Y
Engelmann, C
AF Wang, Chao
Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.
Ma, Xiaosong
Meng, Fei
Kim, Youngjae
Engelmann, Christian
GP IEEE
TI NVMalloc: Exposing an Aggregate SSD Store as a Memory Partition in
Extreme-Scale Machines
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB DRAM is a precious resource in extreme-scale machines and is increasingly becoming scarce, mainly due to the growing number of cores per node. On future multi-petaflop and exaflop machines, the memory pressure is likely to be so severe that we need to rethink our memory usage models. Fortunately, the advent of non-volatile memory (NVM) offers a unique opportunity in this space. Current NVM offerings possess several desirable properties, such as low cost and power efficiency, but suffer from high latency and lifetime issues. We need rich techniques to be able to use them alongside DRAM.
In this paper, we propose a novel approach for exploiting NVM as a secondary memory partition so that applications can explicitly allocate and manipulate memory regions therein. More specifically, we propose an NVMalloc library with a suite of services that enables applications to access a distributed NVM storage system. We have devised ways within NVMalloc so that the storage system, built from compute node-local NVM devices, can be accessed in a byte-addressable fashion using the memory mapped I/O interface. Our approach has the potential to re-energize out-of-core computations on large-scale machines by having applications allocate certain variables through NVMalloc, thereby increasing the overall memory capacity available. Our evaluation on a 128-core cluster shows that NVMalloc enables applications to compute problem sizes larger than the physical memory in a cost-effective manner. It can bring more performance/efficiency gain with increased computation time between NVM memory accesses or increased data access locality. In addition, our results suggest that while NVMalloc enables transparent access to NVM-resident variables, the explicit control it provides is crucial to optimize application performance.
C1 [Wang, Chao; Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.; Ma, Xiaosong; Kim, Youngjae; Engelmann, Christian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Ma, Xiaosong; Meng, Fei] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA.
RP Wang, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM wangcn@ornl.gov; vaihkudaiss@ornl.gov; ma@cs.ncsu.edu; fmeng@ncsu.edu;
kimvi@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov
FU ORNL; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. NSF Awards [CF-0937827,
CCF-0937690, CCF-0937908, CNS-0958311]; ORNL/UT; ORNL/NCSU
FX We would like to thank the reviewers for their feedback. This work was
sponsored in part by ORNL, managed by UT- Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DOE
(Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725), by the U.S. NSF Awards CF-0937827,
CCF-0937690, CCF-0937908, and CNS-0958311, and by the joint appointments
of Sudharshan Vazhkudai and Xiaosong Ma between ORNL/UT and ORNL/NCSU,
respectively.
NR 29
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Z9 14
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 957
EP 968
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.90
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900084
ER
PT S
AU Ma, T
Bosilca, G
Bouteiller, A
Dongarra, JJ
AF Ma, Teng
Bosilca, George
Bouteiller, Aurelien
Dongarra, Jack J.
GP IEEE
TI HierKNEM: An Adaptive Framework for Kernel-Assisted and Topology-Aware
Collective Communications on Many-core Clusters
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE MPI; multicore; cluster; HPC; collective communication; hierarchical
ID SHARED-MEMORY; MPI; PERFORMANCE
AB Multicore Clusters, which have become the most prominent form of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, challenge the performance of MPI applications with non uniform memory accesses and shared cache hierarchies. Recent advances in MPI collective communications have alleviated the performance issue exposed by deep memory hierarchies by carefully considering the mapping between the collective topology and the core distance, as well as the use of single-copy kernel assisted mechanisms. However, on distributed environments, a single level approach cannot encompass the extreme variations not only in bandwidth and latency capabilities, but also in the aptitude to support duplex communications or operate multiple concurrent copies simultaneously. This calls for a collaborative approach between multiple layers of collective algorithms, dedicating to extracting the maximum degree of parallelism from the collective algorithm by consolidating the intra-and inter-node communications.
In this work, we present HierKNEM a kernel-assisted topology-aware collective framework, and how this framework orchestrates the collaboration between multiple layers of collective algorithms. The resulting scheme enables perfect overlap of intra-and inter-node communications. We demonstrated experimentally, by considering three of the most used collective operations (Broadcast, Allgather and Reduction), that 1) this approach is immune to modifications of the underlying process-core binding; 2) it outperforms state-of-art MPI libraries (Open MPI, MPICH2 and MVAPICH2) demonstrating up to a 30x speedup for synthetic benchmarks, and up to a 3x acceleration for a parallel graph application (ASP); 3) it furthermore demonstrates a linear speedup with the increase of the number of cores per node, a paramount requirement for scalability on future many-core hardware.
C1 [Ma, Teng; Bosilca, George; Bouteiller, Aurelien] Univ Tennessee, EECS, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Dongarra, Jack J.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
[Dongarra, Jack J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Dongarra, Jack J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Ma, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, EECS, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM tma@eecs.utk.edu; bosilca@eecs.utk.edu; bouteill@eecs.utk.edu;
dongarra@eecs.utk.edu
RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014
FU CNRS; RENATER; several Universities as well as other funding bodies
FX Experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Grid5000
experimental testbed, being developed under the INRIA ALADDIN
development action with support from CNRS, RENATER and several
Universities as well as other funding bodies (see
https://www.grid5000.fr)
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 970
EP 982
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.91
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900086
ER
PT S
AU Danalis, A
McCurdy, C
Vetter, JS
AF Danalis, Anthony
McCurdy, Collin
Vetter, Jeffrey S.
GP IEEE
TI Efficient Quality Threshold Clustering for Parallel Architectures
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE QT-clustering; complexity; GPU; multi-core; distributed
ID K-MEANS METHOD
AB Quality Threshold Clustering (QTC) is an algorithm for partitioning data, in fields such as biology, where clustering of large data-sets can aid scientific discovery. Unlike other clustering algorithms, QTC does not require knowing the number of clusters a priori, however, its perceived need for high computing power often makes it an unattractive choice. This paper presents a thorough study of QTC. We analyze the worst case complexity of the algorithm and discuss methods to reduce it by trading memory for computation. We also demonstrate how the expected running time of QTC is affected by the structure of the input data. We describe how QTC can be parallelized, and discuss implementation details of our thread-parallel, GPU, and distributed memory implementations of the algorithm. We demonstrate the efficiency of our implementations through experimental data. We show how data sets with tens of thousands of elements can be clustered in a matter of minutes in a modern GPU, and seconds in a small scale cluster of multi-core CPUs, or multiple GPUs. Finally, we discuss how user selected parameters, as well as algorithmic and implementation choices, affect performance.
C1 [Danalis, Anthony] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[McCurdy, Collin; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Danalis, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM adanalis@eecs.utk.edu; cmccurdy@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov
FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of
Energy
FX This research is sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific
Computing Research in the U.S. Department of Energy
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 7
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 1068
EP 1079
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.99
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900094
ER
PT S
AU Kandalla, K
Yang, U
Keasler, J
Kolev, T
Moody, A
Subramoni, H
Tomko, K
Vienne, J
de Supinski, BR
Panda, DK
AF Kandalla, K.
Yang, U.
Keasler, J.
Kolev, T.
Moody, A.
Subramoni, H.
Tomko, K.
Vienne, J.
de Supinski, B. R.
Panda, D. K.
GP IEEE
TI Designing Non-blocking Allreduce with Collective Offload on InfiniBand
Clusters: A Case Study with Conjugate Gradient Solvers
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID OPERATIONS
AB Scientists across a wide range of domains increasingly rely on computer simulation for their investigations. Such simulations often spend a majority of their run-times solving large systems of linear equations that require vast amounts of computational power and memory. It is hence critical to design solvers in a highly efficient and scalable manner. Hypre is a high performance, scalable software library that offers several optimized linear solver routines and pre-conditioners. In this paper, we study the characteristics of Hypre's Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) solver algorithm. The PCG routine is known to spend a majority of its communication time in the MPI_Allreduce operation to compute a global summation during the inner product operation. The MPI_Allreduce is a blocking operation, whose latency is often a limiting factor to the overall efficiency of the PCG solver routine, and correspondingly the performance of simulations that rely on this solver. Hence, hiding the latency of the MPI_Allreduce operation is critical towards scaling the PCG solver routine and improving the performance of many simulations.
The upcoming revision of MPI, MPI-3, will provide support for non-blocking collective communication to enable latency-hiding. The latest InfiniBand adapter from Mellanox, ConnectX-2, enables offloading of generalized lists of communication operations to the network interface. Such an interface can be leveraged to design non-blocking collective operations. In this paper, we design fully functional, scalable algorithms for the MPI_Iallreduce operation, based on the network offload technology. To the best of our knowledge, these network-offload-based algorithms are the first to be presented for the MPI_Iallreduce operation. Our designs scale beyond 512 processes and we achieve near perfect communication/computation overlap. We also re-design the PCG solver routine to leverage our proposed MPI_Iallreduce operation to hide the latency of the global reduction operations. We observe up to 21% improvements in the run-times of the PCG routine, when compared to the default PCG implementation in Hypre. We also note that about 16% of the overall benefits are due to overlapping the Allreduce operations.
C1 [Kandalla, K.; Subramoni, H.; Vienne, J.; Panda, D. K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Yang, U.; Keasler, J.; Kolev, T.; Moody, A.; de Supinski, B. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Tomko, K.] Ohio Supercomp Ctr, Columbus, OH USA.
RP Kandalla, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM kandalla@cse.ohio-state.edu; yang11@llnl.gov; keasler1@llnl.gov;
kolev1@llnl.gov; moody20@llnl.gov; subramon@cse.ohio-state.edu;
ktomko@osc.edu; viennej@cse.ohio-state.edu; bronis@llnl.gov;
panda@cse.ohio-state.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER25749, DE-FC02-06ER25755,
DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [CCF-0702675,
CCF-0833169, CCF-0916302, OCI-0926691]; Wright Center for Innovation
[WCI04-010-OSU-0]; Intel; Mellanox; Cisco; QLogic; NVIDIA; Sun
Microsystems; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This research is supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grants
#DE-FC02-06ER25749, #DE-FC02-06ER25755 and contract #DE- AC02-06CH11357;
National Science Foundation grants #CCF-0702675, #CCF-0833169,
#CCF-0916302 and #OCI-0926691; grant from Wright Center for Innovation
#WCI04-010-OSU-0; grants from Intel, Mellanox, Cisco, QLogic, NVIDIA and
Sun Microsystems; Equipment donations from Intel, Mellanox, AMD,
Obsidian, Advanced Clustering, Appro, QLogic, NVIDIA, and Sun
Microsystems.This work was also performed under the auspices of the U.S.
Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under
contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 1156
EP 1167
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.106
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900101
ER
PT S
AU Buntinas, D
AF Buntinas, Darius
GP IEEE
TI Scalable Distributed Consensus to Support MPI Fault Tolerance
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS)
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
AB As system sizes increase, the amount of time in which an application can run without experiencing a failure decreases. Exascale applications will need to address fault tolerance. In order to support algorithm-based fault tolerance, communication libraries will need to provide fault-tolerance features to the application. One important fault-tolerance operation is distributed consensus. This is used, for example, to collectively decide on a set of failed processes. This paper describes a scalable, distributed consensus algorithm that is used to support new MPI fault-tolerance features proposed by the MPI 3 Forum's fault-tolerance working group. The algorithm was implemented and evaluated on a 4,096-core Blue Gene/P. The implementation was able to perform a full-scale distributed consensus in 222 mu s and scaled logarithmically.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Buntinas, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM buntinas@mcs.anl.gov
NR 11
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 1240
EP 1249
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.113
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900108
ER
PT S
AU Niu, QP
Dinan, J
Lu, QD
Sadayappan, P
AF Niu, Qingpeng
Dinan, James
Lu, Qingda
Sadayappan, P.
GP IEEE
TI PARDA: A Fast Parallel Reuse Distance Analysis Algorithm
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Data Locality; Reuse Distance; LRU Stack Distance; Caching; Performance
Analysis
ID CACHE PERFORMANCE; LOCALITY
AB Reuse distance is a well established approach to characterizing data cache locality based on the stack histogram model. This analysis so far has been restricted to offline use due to the high cost, often several orders of magnitude larger than the execution time of the analyzed code. This paper presents the first parallel algorithm to compute accurate reuse distances by analysis of memory address traces. The algorithm uses a tunable parameter that enables faster analysis when the maximum needed reuse distance is limited by a cache size upper bound. Experimental evaluation using the SPEC CPU 2006 benchmark suite shows that, using 64 processors and a cache bound of 8 MB, it is possible to perform reuse distance analysis with full accuracy within a factor of 13 to 50 times the original execution times of the benchmarks.
C1 [Niu, Qingpeng; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
[Dinan, James] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Lu, Qingda] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA.
RP Niu, QP (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM niuq@cse.ohio-state.edu; dinan@anl.gov; qingda.lu@intel.com;
saday@cse.ohio-state.edu
FU National Science Foundation [0904549]; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation award 0904549
and the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 1284
EP 1294
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.117
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900112
ER
PT S
AU Bohme, D
Wolf, F
de Supinski, BR
Schulz, M
Geimer, M
AF Boehme, David
Wolf, Felix
de Supinski, Bronis R.
Schulz, Martin
Geimer, Markus
GP IEEE
TI Scalable Critical-Path Based Performance Analysis
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
ID PARALLEL; TOOL
AB The critical path, which describes the longest execution sequence without wait states in a parallel program, identifies the activities that determine the overall program runtime. Combining knowledge of the critical path with traditional parallel profiles, we have defined a set of compact performance indicators that help answer a variety of important performance-analysis questions, such as identifying load imbalance, quantifying the impact of imbalance on runtime, and characterizing resource consumption. By replaying event traces in parallel, we can calculate these performance indicators in a highly scalable way, making them a suitable analysis instrument for massively parallel programs with thousands of processes. Case studies with real-world parallel applications confirm that-in comparison to traditional profiles-our indicators provide enhanced insight into program behavior, especially when evaluating partitioning schemes of MPMD programs.
C1 [Boehme, David; Wolf, Felix] German Res Sch Simulat Sci, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
[de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
[Geimer, Markus] Julich Supercomp Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
RP Bohme, D (reprint author), German Res Sch Simulat Sci, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
EM d.boehme@grs-sim.de; f.wolf@grs-sim.de; bronis@llnl.gov;
schulzm@llnl.gov; m.geimer@fz-juelich.de
FU German Research Foundation [GSC 111]; German Federal Ministry of
Education and Research [01-IH-11006]; Helmholtz Association of German
Research Centers [VH-NG-118]; U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-522431)]
FX Financial support from the German Research Foundation through Grant GSC
111, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research through Grant
01-IH-11006, and from the Helmholtz Association of German Research
Centers through Grant VH-NG-118 is gratefully acknowledged. This work
was partially performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-522431). The authors also would like to
thank Dave Richards from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for his
invaluable help in setting up the ddcMD code.
NR 24
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 1330
EP 1340
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.120
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900116
ER
PT S
AU Zhang, F
Docan, C
Parashar, M
Klasky, S
Podhorszki, N
Abbasi, H
AF Zhang, Fan
Docan, Ciprian
Parashar, Manish
Klasky, Scott
Podhorszki, Norbert
Abbasi, Hasan
GP IEEE
TI Enabling In-situ Execution of Coupled Scientific Workflow on Multi-core
Platform
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE coupled simulations; data-intensive application workflows; data-centric
task mapping; in-situ application execution
ID VISUALIZATION; SYSTEM
AB Emerging scientific application workflows are composed of heterogeneous coupled component applications that simulate different aspects of the physical phenomena being modeled, and that interact and exchange significant volumes of data at runtime. With the increasing performance gap between on-chip data sharing and off-chip data transfers in current systems based on multicore processors, moving large volumes of data using communication network fabric can significantly impact performance. As a result, minimizing the amount of inter-application data exchanges that are across compute nodes and use the network is critical to achieving overall application performance and system efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the in-situ execution of the coupled components of a scientific application workflow so as to maximize on-chip exchange of data. Specifically, we present a distributed data sharing and task execution framework that (1) employs data-centric task placement to map computations from the coupled applications onto processor cores so that a large portion of the data exchanges can be performed using the intra-node shared memory, (2) provides a shared space programming abstraction that supplements existing parallel programming models (e. g., message passing) with specialized one-sided asynchronous data access operators and can be used to express coordination and data exchanges between the coupled components. We also present the implementation of the framework and its experimental evaluation on the Jaguar Cray XT5 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
C1 [Zhang, Fan; Docan, Ciprian; Parashar, Manish] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Auton Comp, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
[Klasky, Scott; Podhorszki, Norbert; Abbasi, Hasan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Auton Comp, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.
EM zhangfan@cac.rutgers.edu; docan@cac.rutgers.edu;
parashar@cac.rutgers.edu; klasky@ornl.gov; pnorbert@ornl.gov;
habbasi@ornl.gov
FU National Science Foundation [IIP 0758566, DMS-0835436]; Department of
Energy [DE-FG02-06ER54857]; IBM Faculty Award
FX The research presented in this paper is supported in part by National
Science Foundation via grant numbers IIP 0758566 and DMS-0835436, by
Department of Energy via the grant number DE-FG02-06ER54857, and by an
IBM Faculty Award, and was conducted as part of the Center for Autonomic
Computing at Rutgers University
NR 25
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 1352
EP 1363
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.122
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900118
ER
PT S
AU Hilbrich, T
Muller, MS
de Supinski, BR
Schulz, M
Nagel, WE
AF Hilbrich, Tobias
Mueller, Matthias S.
de Supinski, Bronis R.
Schulz, Martin
Nagel, Wolfgang E.
GP IEEE
TI GTI: A Generic Tools Infrastructure for Event-Based Tools in Parallel
Systems
SO 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
SYMPOSIUM (IPDPS)
SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 26th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
(IPDPS) / Workshop on High Performance Data Intensive Computing
CY MAY 21-25, 2012
CL Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc (TCPP), ACM SIGARCH, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Distributed Proc (TCDP), IEEE Comp Soc
HO Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ
DE Tools; Tool infrastructure; Message Passing Interface; Scalability;
Runtime error detection
AB Runtime detection of semantic errors in MPI applications supports efficient and correct large-scale application development. However, current approaches scale to at most one thousand processes and design limitations prevent increased scalability. The need for global knowledge for analyses such as type matching, and deadlock detection presents a major challenge. We present a scalable tool infrastructure - the Generic Tool Infrastructure (GTI) - that we will use to implement MPI runtime error detection tools and that applies to other use cases. GTI supports simple offloading of tool processing onto extra processes or threads and provides a tree based overlay network (TBON) for creating scalable tools that analyze global knowledge. We present its abstractions and code generation facilities that ease many hurdles in tool development, including wrapper generation, tool communication, trace reductions, and filters. GTI ultimately allows tool developers to focus on implementing tool functionality instead of the surrounding infrastructure. Further, we demonstrate that GTI supports scalable tool development through a lost message detector and a phase profiler. The former provides a more scalable implementation of important base functionality for MPI correctness checking, while the latter tool demonstrates that GTI can serve as the basis of further types of tools. Experiments with up to 2048 cores show that GTI's scalability features apply to both tools.
C1 [Hilbrich, Tobias; Mueller, Matthias S.; Nagel, Wolfgang E.] Tech Univ Dresden, ZIH, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
[de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Hilbrich, T (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, ZIH, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
EM tobias.hilbrich@tu-dresden.de; matthias.mueller@tu-dresden.de;
bronis@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; wolfgang.nagel@tu-dresden.de
FU U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344, (LLNL-CONF-522031)]
FX We thank the ASC Tri-Labs and the Los Alamos National Laboratory for
their friendly support. Part of this work was performed under the
auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. (LLNL-CONF-522031).
NR 16
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-2075
BN 978-0-7695-4675-9
J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P
PY 2012
BP 1364
EP 1375
DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2012.123
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ17
UT WOS:000309131900119
ER
PT J
AU DasGupta, S
Kaplar, RJ
Marinella, MJ
Smith, MA
Atcitty, S
AF DasGupta, S.
Kaplar, R. J.
Marinella, M. J.
Smith, M. A.
Atcitty, S.
GP IEEE
TI Analysis and Prediction of Stability in Commercial, 1200 V, 33A, 4H-SiC
MOSFETs
SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)
CY APR 15-19, 2012
CL Anaheim, CA
SP IEEE
DE Silicon Carbide; Power MOSFET; Free-Wheeling Diode; Hole Trapping
ID INTERFACES; MOBILITY
AB State-of-the-art, commercially available, 4H-SiC MOSFETs are evaluated for stability under high-temperature over-voltage and pulsed over-current conditions. The devices show maximum vulnerability under high-temperature accumulation stress, demonstrating that the gate oxide is more prone to hole trapping than to electron trapping. The power MOSFET architecture coupled with a high interface trap density enables us to predict the stability of the device through a simple evaluation of the free-wheeling diode ideality factor (eta) of the unstressed device. The pulsed over-current operation results in degradation similar to electron trapping at high temperature, presumably due to overheating of the device beyond its specified junction temperature. Over-current degradation is more severe at high switching frequency.
C1 [DasGupta, S.; Kaplar, R. J.; Marinella, M. J.; Smith, M. A.; Atcitty, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA.
RP DasGupta, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA.
EM sdasgup@sandia.gov
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-1679-9
PY 2012
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BBZ44
UT WOS:000309183100047
ER
PT J
AU Morusupalli, R
Rao, R
Lee, TK
Shen, YL
Kunz, M
Tamura, N
Budiman, AS
AF Morusupalli, Rao
Rao, Richard
Lee, Tae-Kyu
Shen, Yu-Lin
Kunz, M.
Tamura, N.
Budiman, A. S.
GP IEEE
TI Critical temperature shift for Stress Induced Voiding in Advanced Cu
Interconnects for 32 nm and beyond.
SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)
CY APR 15-19, 2012
CL Anaheim, CA
SP IEEE
DE Copper; Interconnects; Stress Induced Voiding; Stress Migration;
Reliability; Plastic Deformation; Modeling; FEM
ID COPPER LINES
AB In this paper we present work showing evidence of a shift in the Stress Migration (SM) peak profile temperature for smaller interconnect linewidths typically associated with the 32 nm technology node and beyond. With other parameters (fabrication, materials, line thickness and via diameter being kept nominal among these samples), this clear shift towards the lower temperatures for smaller linewidths appear to indicate a size effect in the Stress Migration in advanced Cu interconnect scheme. Through the synchrotron x-ray micro-diffraction experiment, we show that plasticity is involved in the stress relaxation process at about 200 C, but not at higher temperature nor at room temperature. Such plasticity-assisted strain relaxation in interconnects especially at lower temperature range could explain the critical temperature shift observed in the present study, in addition to the typical diffusion-assisted mechanism. In conjunction with the experimental study, numerical finite element analyses were also conducted to provide greater insight. The modeling result demonstrates the importance of creep plasticity in causing thermal stress relaxation in Cu interconnects.
C1 [Morusupalli, Rao; Lee, Tae-Kyu] CISCO Syst, CQT, San Jose, CA 95134 USA.
[Rao, Richard] Vitesse Semicond Corp, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA.
[Shen, Yu-Lin] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Kunz, M.; Tamura, N.] Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Budiman, A. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integraded Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Morusupalli, R (reprint author), CISCO Syst, CQT, San Jose, CA 95134 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-1679-9
PY 2012
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BBZ44
UT WOS:000309183100131
ER
PT J
AU Silverman, TJ
Bosco, N
Kurtz, S
AF Silverman, Timothy J.
Bosco, Nick
Kurtz, Sarah
GP IEEE
TI Relative lifetime prediction for CPV die-attach layers
SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS)
CY APR 15-19, 2012
CL Anaheim, CA
SP IEEE
AB In concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) cell assemblies, a large-area die-attach layer is subjected to thermal cycles, leading to thermomechanical fatigue. This causes cracking and the eventual failure of the CPV cell by thermal runaway. We define a damage metric representing lumped progress toward failure and present a numerical model for computing the accumulation of damage for arbitrary transient temperature conditions. The model is applied to a particular design with a solder die-attach layer. We show that accelerated-test thermal cycles with higher ramp rates cause more damage, both per cycle and per unit time. Outdoor exposure to one entire year in two geographic locations is also simulated, revealing that a year of exposure in Golden, Colorado is equivalent to 1.4 years of exposure in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
C1 [Silverman, Timothy J.; Bosco, Nick; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Silverman, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-1679-9
PY 2012
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA BBZ44
UT WOS:000309183100056
ER
PT J
AU Luscher, DJ
McDowell, DL
Bronkhorst, CA
AF Luscher, D. J.
McDowell, D. L.
Bronkhorst, C. A.
TI ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF FINE SCALE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR SECOND GRADIENT
MULTISCALE HOMOGENIZATION OF STATISTICAL VOLUME ELEMENTS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE generalized continua; multiscale; homogenization; boundary conditions;
second gradient
ID 2ND-ORDER COMPUTATIONAL HOMOGENIZATION; HETEROGENEOUS MATERIALS; MODEL;
COMPOSITES; STRAIN
AB A second gradient continuum description developed, for example, by Germain, Toupin and Mindlin, and Eringen, gives rise to strain gradient plasticity, and is becoming a common coarse scale basis for multiscale homogenization of material response that respects the non-local nature of heterogeneous fine scale material response. Such homogenization approaches are developed to build either concurrent or hierarchical multiscale computational models for the second gradient response at the coarse scale that represent salient aspects of material response at the fine scale. Typically, the homogenization procedure consists of solving an initial boundary value problem for a statistical volume element of heterogeneous material at the fine scale and computing coarse scale stresses and strains using various volume averaging procedures. By enforcing a kinematically consistent description of the deformation field at each scale and asserting invariance of linear momentum with respect to scale of observation of a fixed set of mass particles, critical features of the boundary conditions and computation of homogenized stresses are revealed. In particular, an internal constraint on the higher-order fluctuation field is required to ensure orthogonality between that part of the fine scale deformation attributed to the second gradient and the part associated with higher-order fluctuations. Additionally, the body forces resulting from such internal constraints must be included in the computation of coarse scale stresses to respect scale invariance of linear momentum at each scale. Numerical implementation of fine scale fluctuation constraints employs linear constraint equations; the computation of coarse scale stresses is facilitated through a multiscale statement of principle of virtual velocities. Example fine scale simulations and associated coarse scale homogenization are presented to illustrate aspects of the boundary conditions.
C1 [Luscher, D. J.; Bronkhorst, C. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[McDowell, D. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Luscher, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM djl@lanl.gov
RI Bronkhorst, Curt/B-4280-2011
OI Bronkhorst, Curt/0000-0002-2709-1964
FU NSF [CMMI-0758265]; Carter N. Paden Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals
Processing
FX This work was conducted under the DOE Advanced Simulation and Computing
program. The authors wish to acknowledge important communications with
Dr. V. Kouznetsova regarding second gradient homogenization and
satisfaction of a generalized Hill Mandel condition. D.L.M. is grateful
for the support of NSF CMMI-0758265 (Multiresolution, Coarse-Grained
Modeling of 3D Dislocation Nucleation and Migration) and the Carter N.
Paden Jr. Distinguished Chair in Metals Processing.
NR 21
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 11
PU BEGELL HOUSE INC
PI REDDING
PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA
SN 1543-1649
J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM
JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng.
PY 2012
VL 10
IS 5
BP 461
EP 486
PG 26
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
Applications
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA 018DB
UT WOS:000309639200006
ER
PT J
AU Deline, C
del Cueto, J
Albin, DS
Rummel, S
AF Deline, Chris
del Cueto, Joseph
Albin, David S.
Rummel, Steve
TI Metastable electrical characteristics of polycrystalline thin-film
photovoltaic modules upon exposure and stabilization
SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE thin film; photovoltaic; transients; metastability; CdTe; copper indium
gallium diselenide
ID SOLAR-CELLS; VOLTAGE; METASTABILITIES; TRANSIENT; STABILITY
AB The significant features of a series of stabilization experiments conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) between May 2009 and the present are reported. These experiments evaluated a procedure to stabilize the measured performance of thin-film polycrystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of CdTe and CIGS thin-film PV devices and modules exhibit transitory changes in electrical performance after thermal exposure in the dark and/or bias and light exposures. We present the results of our case studies of module performance versus exposure: light soaked at 65 degrees C; exposed in the dark under forward bias at 65 degrees C; and, finally, longer-term outdoor exposure. We find that stabilization can be achieved to varying degrees using either light-soaking or dark-bias methods and that the existing IEC 61646 light-soaking interval may be appropriate for CdTe and CIGS modules with one caveat: it is likely that at least three exposure intervals are required for stabilization. (c) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.022001]
C1 [Deline, Chris; del Cueto, Joseph; Albin, David S.; Rummel, Steve] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[del Cueto, Joseph] Abound Solar, Loveland, CO 80538 USA.
RP Deline, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM chris.deline@nrel.gov
RI Deline, Christopher/K-5998-2013
OI Deline, Christopher/0000-0002-9867-8930
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
FX We thank Alan Anderberg from the NREL Cell and Module Characterization
Team for measurements performed at STC. We also thank Dr. Tamizhmani at
Arizona State University for his helpful discussions. This work was
supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
NR 21
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 18
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1947-7988
J9 J PHOTON ENERGY
JI J. Photonics Energy
PY 2012
VL 2
SI 3
AR 022001
DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.022001
PG 13
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA 014HZ
UT WOS:000309367100001
ER
PT S
AU Dervilis, N
Choi, M
Antoniadou, I
Farinholt, KM
Taylor, SG
Barthorpe, RJ
Park, G
Worden, K
Farrar, CR
AF Dervilis, N.
Choi, M.
Antoniadou, I.
Farinholt, K. M.
Taylor, S. G.
Barthorpe, R. J.
Park, G.
Worden, K.
Farrar, C. R.
GP IOP
TI Novelty detection applied to vibration data from a CX-100 wind turbine
blade under fatigue loading.
SO MODERN PRACTICE IN STRESS AND VIBRATION ANALYSIS 2012 (MPSVA 2012)
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Modern Practice in Stress and Vibration Analysis (MPSVA)
CY AUG 28-31, 2012
CL Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, SCOTLAND
SP Inst Phys Appl Mech Grp
HO Univ Glasgow
ID HEALTH MONITORING METHODOLOGY; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION
AB The remarkable evolution of new generation wind turbines has led to a dramatic increase of wind turbine blade size. In turn, a reliable structural health monitoring (SHM) system will be a key factor for the successful implementation of such systems. Detection of damage at an early stage is a crucial issue as blade failure would be a catastrophic result for the entire wind turbine. In this study the SHM analysis will be based on experimental measurements of Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) extracted by using an input/output acquisition technique under a fatigue loading of a 9m CX-100 blade at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) performed in the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The blade was harmonically excited at its first natural frequency using a Universal Resonant Excitation (UREX) system. For analysis, the Auto-Associative Neural Network (AANN) is a non-parametric method where a set of damage sensitive features gathered from the measured structure are used to train a network that acts as a novelty detector. This traditionally has a highly complex "bottleneck" structure with five layers in the AANN. In the current paper, a new attempt is also exploited based on an AANN with one hidden layer in order to reduce the theoretical and computational difficulties. Damage detection of composite bodies of blades is a "grand challenge" due to varying aerodynamic and gravitational loads and environmental conditions. A study of the noise tolerant capability of the AANN which is associated to its generalisation capacity is addressed. It will be shown that vibration response data combined with AANNs is a robust and powerful tool, offering novelty detection even when operational and environmental variations are present. The AANN is a method which has not yet been widely used in the structural health monitoring of composite blades.
C1 [Dervilis, N.; Antoniadou, I.; Barthorpe, R. J.; Worden, K.] Univ Sheffield, Dynam Res Grp, Dept Mech Engn, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
[Farinholt, K. M.; Taylor, S. G.; Park, G.; Farrar, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Choi, M.] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Jeonju, South Korea.
RP Dervilis, N (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dynam Res Grp, Dept Mech Engn, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England.
EM N.Dervilis@sheffield.ac.uk
RI Antoniadou, Ifigeneia/K-5232-2012; Taylor, Stuart/B-1347-2013;
Barthorpe, Robert/D-8959-2016;
OI Barthorpe, Robert/0000-0002-6645-8482; Farrar,
Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996
FU Department of Energy through the Laboratory Directed Research;
Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory; EU Marie Curie
scheme through the Initial Training Network SYSWIND
FX The research was funded by the Department of Energy through the
Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos
National Laboratory. The authors would also like to acknowledge Scott
Hughes and Mike Desmond from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory,
and Mark Rumsey and Jon White from the Sandia National Laboratory for
their support and guidance on this study. The authors gratefully
acknowledge the support of the EU Marie Curie scheme through the Initial
Training Network SYSWIND.
NR 20
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 22
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2012
VL 382
AR 012047
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/382/1/012047
PG 6
WC Mechanics; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA BBZ91
UT WOS:000309290500047
ER
PT S
AU Wittstock, A
Biener, J
Baumer, M
AF Wittstock, Arne
Biener, Juergen
Baeumer, Marcus
BE Wittstock, A
Biener, J
Erlebacher, J
Baumer, M
TI Nanoporous Gold From an Ancient Technology to a High-Tech Material
Introduction to Nanoporous Gold
SO NANOPOROUS GOLD: FROM AN ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY TO A HIGH-TECH MATERIAL
SE RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
LA English
DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter
ID SURFACE-STRESS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; METAL; CATALYSIS; RECONSTRUCTION;
NANOSCALE; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; ALLOYS; OXYGEN
C1 [Wittstock, Arne; Biener, Juergen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94500 USA.
[Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
RP Wittstock, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94500 USA.
EM wittstock1@llnl.gov
NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 3
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1757-7136
BN 978-1-84973-528-5
J9 RSC NANOSCI NANOTECH
PY 2012
IS 22
BP 1
EP 10
D2 10.1039/9781849735285
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA BBU94
UT WOS:000308298400002
ER
PT S
AU Wittstock, A
Biener, J
Baumer, M
AF Wittstock, Arne
Biener, Juergen
Baeumer, Marcus
BE Wittstock, A
Biener, J
Erlebacher, J
Baumer, M
TI Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
SO NANOPOROUS GOLD: FROM AN ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY TO A HIGH-TECH MATERIAL
SE RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
ID UNSUPPORTED NANOPOROUS GOLD; TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; AQUEOUS-PHASE
OXIDATION; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; SOLVENT-FREE OXIDATION;
CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUPPORTED GOLD; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; OXYGEN-ADSORPTION;
AEROBIC OXIDATION
C1 [Wittstock, Arne; Biener, Juergen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94500 USA.
[Wittstock, Arne; Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Ctr Environm Res & Sustainable Technol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
[Wittstock, Arne; Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
RP Wittstock, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94500 USA.
EM wittstock1@llnl.gov
NR 113
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND
SN 1757-7136
BN 978-1-84973-528-5
J9 RSC NANOSCI NANOTECH
PY 2012
IS 22
BP 167
EP 198
D2 10.1039/9781849735285
PG 32
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy &
Metallurgical Engineering
GA BBU94
UT WOS:000308298400009
ER
PT J
AU Zubarev, DY
Frenklach, M
Lester, WA
AF Zubarev, Dmitry Yu.
Frenklach, Michael
Lester, William A., Jr.
TI From aromaticity to self-organized criticality in graphene
SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; MOLECULES; GRAPHITE; SYSTEMS
AB The unique properties of graphene are rooted in its peculiar electronic structure where effects of electron delocalization are pivotal. We show that the traditional view of delocalization as formation of a local or global aromatic bonding framework has to be expanded in this case. A modification of the p-electron system of a finite-size graphene substrate results in a scale-invariant response in the relaxation of interatomic distances and reveals self-organized criticality as a mode of delocalized bonding. Graphene is shown to belong to a diverse class of finite-size extended systems with simple local interactions where complexity emerges spontaneously under very general conditions that can be a critical factor controlling observable properties such as chemical activity, electron transport, and spin-polarization.
C1 [Zubarev, Dmitry Yu.; Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Lester, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM walester@lbl.gov
FU National Science Foundation [NSF CHE-0809969]; Office of Energy
Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy
[DE-AC03-76F00098]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX D.Y.Z. was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant NSF
CHE-0809969. M. F. and W. A. L. were supported by the Director, Office
of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences,
Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy,
under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098. This research used computational
resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center,
which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of
Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 21
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1463-9076
EI 1463-9084
J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS
JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 35
BP 12075
EP 12078
DI 10.1039/c2cp41675a
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA 990RM
UT WOS:000307648700004
PM 22872129
ER
PT S
AU Doerry, AW
AF Doerry, A. W.
BE Ranney, KI
Doerry, AW
TI What maritime ISAR designers should know about ship dynamics
SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI
CY APR 23-25, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE ISAR; maritime; radar; motion
ID GENERALIZED ISAR; RECOGNITION; TARGET
AB ISAR has enjoyed some success in imaging maritime targets, particularly ships. In fact, a number of maritime ISAR systems have been operational for a number of years. With ISAR, the ship's own motion is critical to forming well-resolved ISAR images. Seemingly important to accounting for ship motion is to first understand the nature of the ship motion that we are likely to encounter. Designing ships for specific motion characteristics is the domain of naval architecture. This paper presents some preliminary analysis of naval architecture principles, and typical ship designs' impact on the ISAR problem.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM awdoerr@sandia.gov
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9039-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8361
AR 83611C
DI 10.1117/12.918107
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BBY81
UT WOS:000308908500045
ER
PT S
AU Doerry, AW
Bishop, E
Miller, J
Horndt, V
Small, D
AF Doerry, A. W.
Bishop, E.
Miller, J.
Horndt, V.
Small, D.
BE Ranney, KI
Doerry, AW
TI Designing interpolation kernels for SAR data resampling
SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI
CY APR 23-25, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE interpolation; resampling; polar format; SAR; image formation
ID SIGNAL
AB It is fairly common in radar signal processing that sampled data is not sampled precisely at the desired positions within a function. Resampling the data to more advantageous sample locations entails interpolation of the data. The radar engineer often picks a resampling or an interpolation technique that "is handy", or "seems to work", without any analytical justification for his choice. However, understanding the science and mathematics that underpin interpolation can avoid unexpected and undesirable side effects from a suboptimal choice. This paper details interpolation kernel characteristics, allowing intelligent choices for algorithm design, tailored for radar signal processing applications.
C1 [Doerry, A. W.; Small, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM awdoerr@sandia.gov
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9039-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8361
AR 83611D
DI 10.1117/12.918106
PG 17
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BBY81
UT WOS:000308908500046
ER
PT S
AU Doerry, AW
Brock, BC
AF Doerry, A. W.
Brock, B. C.
BE Ranney, KI
Doerry, AW
TI A better trihedral corner reflector for low grazing angles
SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI
CY APR 23-25, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE SAR; RCS; trihedral; reflector
AB Trihedral corner reflectors are the preferred canonical target for SAR performance evaluation for many radar development programs. The conventional trihedrals have problems with substantially reduced Radar Cross Section (RCS) at low grazing angles, unless they are tilted forward, but in which case other problems arise mainly due to multipath effects. Consequently there is a need for better low grazing angle performance for trihedrals. This is facilitated by extending the bottom plate of the trihedral reflector. A relevant analysis of RCS for an infinite ground plate is presented. Practical aspects are also discussed.
C1 [Doerry, A. W.; Brock, B. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Doerry, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0519, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM awdoerr@sandia.gov; bbrock@sandia.gov; awdoerr@sandia.gov
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9039-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8361
AR 83611B
DI 10.1117/12.918105
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BBY81
UT WOS:000308908500044
ER
PT S
AU Raynal, AM
Bickel, DL
Dubbert, DF
Verge, TJ
Burns, BL
Dunkel, R
Doerry, AW
AF Raynal, Ann Marie
Bickel, Douglas L.
Dubbert, Dale F.
Verge, Tobias J.
Burns, Bryan L.
Dunkel, Ralf
Doerry, Armin W.
BE Ranney, KI
Doerry, AW
TI Radar cross section statistics of cultural clutter at Ku-band
SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI
CY APR 23-25, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE RCS; radar cross section; cultural clutter; clutter discretes; urban
clutter; SAR; GMTI
AB Knowing the statistical characteristics of the radar cross-section (RCS) of man-made, or cultural clutter, is crucial to the success of clutter mitigation, radar target detection algorithms, and radar system requirements in urban environments. Open literature studies regarding the statistical nature of cultural clutter focus primarily on radar probability models or limited experimental data analysis of specific locations and frequencies. This paper seeks to expand the existing body of work on cultural clutter RCS statistics at Ku-band for ground moving target indication (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications. We examine the normalized RCS probability distributions of cultural clutter in several urban scenes, across aspect and elevation angle, for vertical transmit/receive (VV) polarizations, and at diverse resolutions, using experimental data collected at Ku-band. We further describe frequency and RCS strength statistics of clutter discretes per unit area to understand system demands on radars operating in urban environments in this band.
C1 [Raynal, Ann Marie; Bickel, Douglas L.; Dubbert, Dale F.; Burns, Bryan L.; Doerry, Armin W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Raynal, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9039-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8361
AR 83610Y
DI 10.1117/12.919789
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BBY81
UT WOS:000308908500031
ER
PT S
AU Strassner, BH
AF Strassner, Bernd H., II
BE Ranney, KI
Doerry, AW
TI Antenna Array Devised for Amplifier Integration
SO RADAR SENSOR TECHNOLOGY XVI
SE Proceedings of SPIE
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Radar Sensor Technology XVI
CY APR 23-25, 2012
CL Baltimore, MD
SP SPIE
DE Active Antenna Array; Antenna Array; Aperture Taper; Low Sidelobes; T/R
Module
AB This presentation describes an active antenna array architecture designed specifically for achieving low transmit and receive sidelobe levels without having to use attenuators to create the necessary aperture taper. An "irregular" subarray approach is used to eliminate the need for tapered-attenuation within the array's aperture, thereby drastically reducing the DC supply power consumption of the active phased array. On many UAVs, especially the smaller models, onboard DC power can be extremely limited. The so-called "irregular" subarray approach not only determines the exact locations of the T/R modules, but it also allows for all of the low-noise amplifiers to share the same part number and for all of the power amplifiers to also share the same part number. All of the LNAs are biased exactly in the same manner as are all of the PAs. By keeping the part numbers and bias conditions of the amplifiers the same, large instantaneous operational bandwidths can be obtained. Thus, this paper illustrates an active antenna array topology that can achieve wideband performance and low sidelobe levels with minimal DC power consumption.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Strassner, BH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM bhstras@sandia.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA
SN 0277-786X
BN 978-0-8194-9039-1
J9 PROC SPIE
PY 2012
VL 8361
AR 83610Q
DI 10.1117/12.918423
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Optics; Physics
GA BBY81
UT WOS:000308908500024
ER
PT S
AU Rebel, B
AF Rebel, Brian
CA NOVA Collaboration
BE Oberauer, L
Raffelt, G
Wagner, R
TI Status of NOvA
SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND
PHYSICS (TAUP 2011), PTS 1-6
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground
Physics (TAUP)
CY SEP 05-09, 2011
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP Max Planck Inst Phys (MPP), Tech Univ Munich (TUM), Origin & Struct Universe
AB NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment looking for the appearance of electron neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the NuMI neutrino beam. It is comprised of a near detector located on-site at Fermi lab, approximately 1 km from the neutrino source and a far detector located 810 km from the source in northern Minnesota. Both detectors are positioned 14 mrad off the beam axis to observe a narrow range of neutrino energies peaked at 2.2 GeV. Construction of the NOvA experiment has begun and the details are outlined below.
C1 [Rebel, Brian; NOVA Collaboration] Fermi lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Rebel, B (reprint author), Fermi lab, MS 220, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM brebel@fnal.gov
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2012
VL 375
AR 042072
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/375/4/042072
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BBO93
UT WOS:000307776500136
ER
PT S
AU Soares-Santos, M
AF Soares-Santos, Marcelle
CA DES Collaboration
BE Oberauer, L
Raffelt, G
Wagner, R
TI Dark energy physics expectations at DES
SO 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND
PHYSICS (TAUP 2011), PTS 1-6
SE Journal of Physics Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground
Physics (TAUP)
CY SEP 05-09, 2011
CL Munich, GERMANY
SP Max Planck Inst Phys (MPP), Tech Univ Munich (TUM), Origin & Struct Universe
ID GALAXY; CONSTRAINTS; GRAVITY
AB Giving rise to a new and exciting research field, observations of the last 13 years established the accelerated expansion of the Universe. This is a strong indication of new physics, either in the form of a new energy component of the Universe dark energy or of theories of gravity beyond general relativity. A powerful approach to this problem is the study of complementary cosmological probes in large optical galaxy surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We present the expectations for dark energy physics based on the combination of four fundamental probes: galaxy clusters, weak lensing, large scale structure and supernovae. We show that DES data have constraining power to improve current measurements of the dark energy equation-of-state parameter by a factor of 3-5 and to distinguish between general relativity and modified gravity scenarios.
C1 [Soares-Santos, Marcelle; DES Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Soares-Santos, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM marcelle@fnal.gov
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-6588
J9 J PHYS CONF SER
PY 2012
VL 375
AR 032006
DI 10.1088/1742-6596/375/3/032006
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA BBO93
UT WOS:000307776500058
ER
PT S
AU Bronevetsky, G
Laguna, I
de Supinski, BR
Bagchi, S
AF Bronevetsky, Greg
Laguna, Ignacio
de Supinski, Bronis R.
Bagchi, Saurabh
GP IEEE
TI Automatic Fault Characterization via Abnormality-Enhanced Classification
SO 2012 42ND ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE
SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN)
SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and
Networks (DSN)
CY JUN 25-28, 2012
CL Boston, MA
SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE CS Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IFIP, WG 10.4 on Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance
DE fault detection; root cause analysis; statistical modeling; autonomic
management
AB Enterprise and high-performance computing systems are growing extremely large and complex, employing many processors and diverse software/hardware stacks. As these machines grow in scale, faults become more frequent and system complexity makes it difficult to detect and to diagnose them. The difficulty is particularly large for faults that degrade system performance or cause erratic behavior but do not cause outright crashes. The cost of these errors is high since they significantly reduce system productivity, both initially and by time required to resolve them. Current system management techniques do not work well since they require manual examination of system behavior and do not identify root causes.
When a fault is manifested, system administrators need timely notification about the type of fault, the time period in which it occurred and the processor on which it originated. Statistical modeling approaches can accurately characterize normal and abnormal system behavior. However, the complex effects of system faults are less amenable to these techniques. This paper demonstrates that the complexity of system faults makes traditional classification and clustering algorithms inadequate for characterizing them. We design novel techniques that combine classification algorithms with information on the abnormality of application behavior to improve detection and characterization accuracy significantly. Our experiments demonstrate that our techniques can detect and characterize faults with 85% accuracy, compared to just 12% accuracy for direct applications of traditional techniques.
C1 [Bronevetsky, Greg; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
[Laguna, Ignacio; Bagchi, Saurabh] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Bronevetsky, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM bronevetsky@llnl.gov; ilaguna@purdue.edu; bronis@llnl.gov;
sbagchi@purdue.edu
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-0889
BN 978-1-4673-1625-5
J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO
PY 2012
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BBZ69
UT WOS:000309224200014
ER
PT S
AU Sloan, J
Kumar, R
Bronevetsky, G
AF Sloan, Joseph
Kumar, Rakesh
Bronevetsky, Greg
GP IEEE
TI Algorithmic Approaches to Low Overhead Fault Detection for Sparse Linear
Algebra
SO 2012 42ND ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE
SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN)
SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and
Networks (DSN)
CY JUN 25-28, 2012
CL Boston, MA
SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE CS Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IFIP, WG 10.4 on Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance
DE ABFT; sparse linear algebra; numerical methods; error detection
ID MATRIX OPERATIONS; TOLERANCE
AB The increasing size and complexity of High-Performance Computing systems is making it increasingly likely that individual circuits will produce erroneous results, especially when operated in a low energy mode. Previous techniques for Algorithm - Based Fault Tolerance (ABFT) [20] have been proposed for detecting errors in dense linear operations, but have high overhead in the context of sparse problems. In this paper, we propose a set of algorithmic techniques that minimize the overhead of fault detection for sparse problems. The techniques are based on two insights. First, many sparse problems are well structured (e.g. diagonal, banded diagonal, block diagonal), which allows for sampling techniques to produce good approximations of the checks used for fault detection. These approximate checks may be acceptable for many sparse linear algebra applications. Second, many linear applications have enough reuse that preconditioning techniques can be used to make these applications more amenable to low-cost algorithmic checks. The proposed techniques are shown to yield up to 2x reductions in performance overhead over traditional ABFT checks for a spectrum of sparse problems. A case study using common linear solvers further illustrates the benefits of the proposed algorithmic techniques.
C1 [Sloan, Joseph; Kumar, Rakesh] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Sloan, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM jsloan@illinois.edu; rakeshk@illinois.edu; bronevetsky@llnl.gov
FU FCRP Gigascale Systems Research Center (GSRC); Semiconductor Research
Corporation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy;
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344,
LLNL-CONF-546472]; Department of Energy Office of Science (Advanced
Scientific Computing Research) Early Career [NA27344]
FX This research was supported in part by the FCRP Gigascale Systems
Research Center (GSRC), Semiconductor Research Corporation, and the
National Science Foundation. Part of this work was performed under the
auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-546472) and was
partially supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science
(Advanced Scientific Computing Research) Early Career Grant, award
number NA27344.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-0889
BN 978-1-4673-1625-5
J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO
PY 2012
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BBZ69
UT WOS:000309224200026
ER
PT S
AU Yu, L
Zheng, ZM
Lan, ZL
Jones, T
Brandt, JM
Gentile, AC
AF Yu, Li
Zheng, Ziming
Lan, Zhiling
Jones, Terry
Brandt, Jim M.
Gentile, Ann C.
GP IEEE
TI Filtering Log Data: Finding the Needles in the Haystack
SO 2012 42ND ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE
SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS (DSN)
SE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 42nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and
Networks (DSN)
CY JUN 25-28, 2012
CL Boston, MA
SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE CS Tech Comm Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance, IFIP, WG 10.4 on Dependable Comp & Fault Tolerance
ID SYSTEMS
AB Log data is an incredible asset for troubleshooting in large-scale systems. Nevertheless, due to the ever-growing system scale, the volume of such data becomes overwhelming, bringing enormous burdens on both data storage and data analysis. To address this problem, we present a 2-dimensional online filtering mechanism to remove redundant and noisy data via feature selection and instance selection. The objective of this work is two-fold: (i) to significantly reduce data volume without losing important information, and (ii) to effectively promote data analysis. We evaluate this new filtering mechanism by means of real environmental data from the production supercomputers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory. Our preliminary results demonstrate that our method can reduce more than 85% disk space, thereby significantly reducing analysis time. Moreover, it also facilitates better failure prediction and diagnosis by more than 20%, as compared to the conventional predictive approach relying on RAS (Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability) events alone.
C1 [Yu, Li; Zheng, Ziming; Lan, Zhiling] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
[Jones, Terry] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Brandt, Jim M.; Gentile, Ann C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Yu, L (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
EM lyu17@iit.edu; zzheng11@iit.edu; lan@iit.edu; trjones@ornl.gov;
brandt@sandia.gov; gentile@sandia.gov
FU US National Science Foundation [CNS-0834514, CNS-0720549]; Office of
Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; United Stated Department of
Energy; Office of Defense Programs; Lockheed Martin Company; United
States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The work at Illinois Institute of Technology was supported in part by US
National Science Foundation grants CNS- 0834514, CNS-0720549. The work
at ORNL was supported in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific
Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under
Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work at Sandia was supported by the
United Stated Department of Energy, Office of Defense Programs. Sandia
is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed
Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under
contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1530-0889
BN 978-1-4673-1625-5
J9 I C DEPEND SYS NETWO
PY 2012
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BBZ69
UT WOS:000309224200036
ER
PT J
AU Van Essen, B
Macaraeg, C
Gokhale, M
Prenger, R
AF Van Essen, Brian
Macaraeg, Chris
Gokhale, Maya
Prenger, Ryan
BE Singh, S
Chow, P
TI Accelerating a random forest classifier: multi-core, GP-GPU, or FPGA?
SO 2012 IEEE 20TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE
CUSTOM COMPUTING MACHINES (FCCM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 20th IEEE International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing
Machines (FCCM)
CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2012
CL Toronto, CANADA
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, Altera, CMC Microsyst, Microsoft Res, Xilinx, BEEcube, Algo-Log, Atom Rules, Cypress Perform, IEEE Comp Soc
DE FPGA; GP-GPU; OpenMP; Machine learning
AB Random forest classification is a well known machine learning technique that generates classifiers in the form of an ensemble ("forest") of decision trees. The classification of an input sample is determined by the majority classification by the ensemble. Traditional random forest classifiers can be highly effective, but classification using a random forest is memory bound and not typically suitable for acceleration using FPGAs or GP-GPUs due to the need to traverse large, possibly irregular decision trees. Recent work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has developed several variants of random forest classifiers, including the Compact Random Forest (CRF), that can generate decision trees more suitable for acceleration than traditional decision trees. Our paper compares and contrasts the effectiveness of FPGAs, GP-GPUs, and multi-core CPUs for accelerating classification using models generated by compact random forest machine learning classifiers.
Taking advantage of training algorithms that can produce compact random forests composed of many, small trees rather than fewer, deep trees, we are able to regularize the forest such that the classification of any sample takes a deterministic amount of time. This optimization then allows us to execute the classifier in a pipelined or single-instruction multiple thread (SIMT) fashion. We show that FPGAs provide the highest performance solution, but require a multi-chip / multi-board system to execute even modest sized forests. GP-GPUs offer a more flexible solution with reasonably high performance that scales with forest size. Finally, multi-threading via OpenMP on a shared memory system was the simplest solution and provided near linear performance that scaled with core count, but was still significantly slower than the GP-GPU and FPGA.
C1 [Van Essen, Brian; Macaraeg, Chris; Gokhale, Maya; Prenger, Ryan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Van Essen, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM vanessen1@llnl.gov; macaraeg1@llnl.gov; gokhale2@llnl.gov;
prenger1@llnl.gov
NR 10
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 8
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-0-7695-4699-5
PY 2012
BP 232
EP 239
DI 10.1109/FCCM.2012.47
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical &
Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ49
UT WOS:000309191400038
ER
PT J
AU Nutaro, JJ
Schryver, JC
Haire, MJ
AF Nutaro, James J.
Schryver, Jack C.
Haire, Marvin J.
GP IEEE
TI The Throughput, Reliability, Availability, Maintainability (TRAM)
Methodology for Predicting Chemical Plant Production
SO 2012 PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY SYMPOSIUM
(RAMS)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)
CY JAN 23-26, 2012
CL Reno, NV
SP IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEST, IIE, SAE, Soc Reliabil Engineers (SRE), SSS, AIAA, ASQ, Elect & Commun Div, ASQ, Reliabil Div
DE availability; discrete event simulation; performance modeling; finite
mixture distributions
AB Fault tree analysis is a method for evaluating reliability and availability in terms of equipment system "states", but this method does not lend itself easily to the evaluation of equipment interactions through time. This makes fault trees difficult to use for the analysis of systems whose reliability and availability depend on complex interactions between its sub-systems. This difficulty is overcome by combining fault trees with discrete event simulation methods. The new TRAM methodology combines models and techniques for the analysis of throughput, availability, reliability, and maintainability into a single approach. This paper describes the TRAM methodology and illustrates it with an application to a chemical processing plant.
TRAM combines fault tree analysis at a low level of the system description and discrete event simulation at a higher level to create a new method for analyzing the availability and throughput capacity of material processing plants. Failure and repair data is modeled stochastically by a very flexible type of finite mixture distribution that allows the analyst to separate the effects of different repair strategies, such as the reliance on procurement of off-site (vs. on-site) spare parts.
An important application of the TRAM method is to facilitate the design of a plant that tolerates outages of its subsystems in the most efficient way possible. Mitigation strategies including in-process storage, alternate work-flows, availability of spare parts, and design for over-production: all of these can be assessed using the TRAM approach, and it thereby facilitates the design of more robust manufacturing systems.
The TRAM methodology enables sophisticated "what-if" analyses of alternative designs, e. g. equipment sets, capacities (tanks sizes), shift schedules, spare parts, etc. to optimize plant design and operation. It is a stochastic, time dependent process that provides probabilities of success (or failure) and confidence bounds on availability and throughput.
Finally, the TRAM methodology can help plant managers and owners to focus on the plant production metrics by which they are compensated, and not solely on abstract metrics such as availability. Accordingly, TRAM is potentially a more influential tool in the industry than conventional RAM methods.
The TRAM method is based on the discrete event formalism developed by Zeigler et al. [1], and explained further in [2]. In TRAM the plant model is completely separated from the simulation engine and can be specified by input data contained in an XML file. Alternatively, the user can construct connections between sub-system components using a graphical user interface. The GUI is very useful in supporting the verification of the correct mass balance in the model.
C1 [Nutaro, James J.; Schryver, Jack C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6360, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Haire, Marvin J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Nutaro, JJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,MS 6360, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM nutarojj@ornl.gov; schryverjc@ornl.gov; hairemj@ornl.gov
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4577-1851-9
PY 2012
PG 6
WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ45
UT WOS:000309184100090
ER
PT S
AU Xu, ZX
Jiang, D
Li, M
Ning, PQ
Wang, F
Liang, ZX
AF Xu, Zhuxian
Jiang, Dong
Li, Ming
Ning, Puqi
Wang, Fred
Liang, Zhenxian
GP IEEE
TI Si IGBT Phase-Leg Module Packaging and Cooling Design for Operation at
200 degrees C in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle Applications
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS)
DE 200 degrees C Si devices based module; high temperature packaging and
cooling design; hybrid electrical vehicle application
AB A Si IGBT phase-leg module is designed and fabricated for operating at 200 degrees C in hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) applications. First, a phase-leg package design is given including die selection, material selection, and layout design. Then the static and switching characterization of the fabricated module is conducted at various temperatures. The losses for a kW phase-leg in three-phase motor drive are calculated based on the characterization. Thermal performance of the proposed package and cooling is then evaluated with both (finite element analysis) FEA simulation and experiments. The simulation and experimental results agree well, which show that the proposed packaging design and cooling approach can maintain the Si IGBT junction temperature below 200 degrees C with 105 degrees C coolant. Finally, a buck converter composed of the phase-leg module is operated successfully with the device junction temperature heated up to 200 degrees C, which demonstrates the high temperature operation ability of the designed package module.
C1 [Xu, Zhuxian; Wang, Fred] Univ Tennessee, Elect Energy Transmiss Networks, Ctr Ultra Wide Area Resilient, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Jiang, Dong; Li, Ming] United Technol Res Ctr, East Hartford, CT 06103 USA.
[Ning, Puqi; Wang, Fred; Liang, Zhenxian] Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
RP Xu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Elect Energy Transmiss Networks, Ctr Ultra Wide Area Resilient, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM zxu11@utk.edu
OI Liang, Zhenxian/0000-0002-2811-0944
FU DOE through Oak Ridge National Lab; National Science Foundation; DOE
under NSF [EEC-1041877]
FX This work was supported by the DOE Vehicles Technologies Program through
Oak Ridge National Lab. This work made use of Engineering Research
Center Shared Facilities supported by the Engineering Research Center
Program of the National Science Foundation and DOE under NSF Award
Number EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program.
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 483
EP 490
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700074
ER
PT S
AU Reddy, LG
Tolbert, LM
Ozpineci, B
Xu, Y
Rizy, DT
AF Reddy, Lakshmi Gopi
Tolbert, Leon M.
Ozpineci, Burak
Xu, Yan
Rizy, D. Tom
GP IEEE
TI Reliability of IGBT in a STATCOM for Harmonic Compensation and Power
Factor Correction
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS)
ID PWM INVERTER; DEVICES
AB With smart grid integration, there is a need to characterize reliability of a power system by including reliability of power semiconductors in grid related applications. In this paper, the reliability of IGBTs in a STATCOM application is presented for two different applications, power factor correction and harmonic elimination. The STATCOM model is developed in EMTP, and analytical equations for average conduction losses in an IGBT and a diode are derived and compared with experimental data. A commonly used reliability model is used to predict reliability of IGBT.
C1 [Reddy, Lakshmi Gopi; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Ozpineci, Burak; Xu, Yan; Rizy, D. Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Reddy, LG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM lgopired@utk.edu
OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831, managed by UT- Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under
contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored
by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
Accordingly, the US Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free
license to publish from the contribution, or allow others to do so, for
U.S. Government purposes.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 783
EP 788
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700118
ER
PT S
AU Johnson, B
Krein, P
Zheng, ZM
Lentine, A
AF Johnson, Brian
Krein, Philip
Zheng, Zheming
Lentine, Anthony
GP IEEE
TI A Single-Stage Three-Phase AC Module for High-Voltage Photovoltaics
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS)
ID RELIABILITY; INVERTER; CELL
AB A single-stage three-phase voltage source inverter for high-voltage PV modules is presented. The benefits of the proposed design are simplicity, low cost, high efficiency, and high reliability. The inverter is intended for module integration and is designed for a relatively low power rating of approximately 250W. Analytical models and dynamic simulation are used to calculate expected efficiency. The mean time to failure is estimated using established methods. Component costs are approximated with a linear regression which relates device ratings with price data. It is shown that in comparison to conventional single-phase module-integrated converters, the power component cost reduction is approximately 60%, peak efficiency is increased above 98%, and longer life is anticipated. Experimental results are shown.
C1 [Johnson, Brian; Krein, Philip; Zheng, Zheming] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
[Lentine, Anthony] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Johnson, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 885
EP 891
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700133
ER
PT S
AU Cui, YT
Chinthavali, M
Tolbert, LM
AF Cui, Yutian
Chinthavali, Madhu
Tolbert, Leon M.
GP IEEE
TI Temperature Dependent Pspice Model of Silicon Carbide Power MOSFET
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS)
ID DEVICES
AB This paper provides a behavioral model in Pspice for a silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFET rated at 1200 V / 30 A for a wide temperature range. The Pspice model was built using device parameters extracted through experiment. The static and dynamic behavior of the SiC power MOSFET is simulated and compared to the measured data to show the accuracy of the Pspice model. The temperature dependent behavior was simulated and analyzed. Also, the effect of the parasitics of the circuit on switching behavior was simulated and discussed.
C1 [Cui, Yutian; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Chinthavali, Madhu; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM ycui7@utk.edu; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; tolbert@utk.edu
OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X
FU II-IV Foundation and the U.S. DOE Graduate Automotive Technology
Education (GATE) program; National Science Foundation and DOE under NSF
Award [EEC-1041877]; CURENT Industry Partnership Program
FX This work was partially funded by the II-IV Foundation and the U.S. DOE
Graduate Automotive Technology Education (GATE) program.; This work made
use of Engineering Research Center Shared Facilities supported by the
Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation
and DOE under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry
Partnership Program.
NR 16
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 1698
EP 1704
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700256
ER
PT S
AU Watson, LD
Kimball, JW
Atcitty, S
AF Watson, Luke D.
Kimball, Jonathan W.
Atcitty, Stanley
GP IEEE
TI Linear Single Phase Inverter Model for Battery Energy Storage System
Evaluation and Controller Design
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS)
ID CONVERTERS; FRAME
AB A method for deriving a set of linear transfer functions for a single phase grid tied system is presented, which can be used to determine how small signal perturbations and transients on the utility side are translated through the inverter to the dc link, as well as assist in controller design. These transfer functions can be used by a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) designer to predict what harmonics the battery will see in the field, without the need for expensive simulation software. With this information, battery designers will be able to design a more robust battery specifically tailored for single phase inverter applications.
C1 [Watson, Luke D.; Kimball, Jonathan W.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
[Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Watson, LD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA.
EM Ldwxf5@mst.edu; satcitt@sandia.gov
OI Kimball, Jonathan/0000-0002-4061-2007
FU U.S. DOE Energy Program through Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is
a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation; a Lockheed
Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear
Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation
[ECCS- 0900940]
FX This work was funded by the U.S. DOE Energy Program through Sandia
National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by
Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States
Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under
contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Additional support provided by the National
Science Foundation under award ECCS- 0900940.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 1861
EP 1867
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700281
ER
PT S
AU Ahmed, S
Burgos, R
Roy, C
Boroyevich, D
Mattavelli, P
Wang, F
AF Ahmed, Sara
Burgos, R.
Roy, Chris
Boroyevich, D.
Mattavelli, Paolo
Wang, F.
GP IEEE
TI Modeling Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification
(VV&UQ) Procedure for a Two-Level Three-Phase Boost Rectifier
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS)
DE Two level boost rectifier; verification and validation
AB This paper presents complete Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification (VV&UQ) procedures that are applied to a two-level boost rectifier. The goal of this VV&UQ study is the improvement of the modeling procedure for power electronics systems, and the full assessment of the boost rectifier model (as an example) predictive capabilities. Modeling and simulation of large systems is always the preferred solution to avoid repetitive hardware, and to minimize the cost. However, developing the accurate models and making sure it matches the hardware is always a challenge. This paper provides a set of procedures that if followed one can claim the model is validated.
C1 [Ahmed, Sara; Roy, Chris; Boroyevich, D.; Mattavelli, Paolo] Virginia Tech, CPES, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Burgos, R.] ABB US Corp Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC USA.
[Wang, F.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, CPES, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM sahassan@vt.edu; rbugos@ieee.org; fred.wang@utk.edu
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 1894
EP 1901
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700287
ER
PT S
AU Ning, PQ
Liang, ZX
Wang, F
Marlino, L
AF Ning, Puqi
Liang, Zhenxian
Wang, Fred
Marlino, Laura
GP IEEE
TI Power Module and Cooling System Thermal Performance Evaluation for HEV
Application
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IEEE Power Elect Soc
ID MODEL
AB To further reduce system costs and package volumes of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), it is important to optimize the power module and associated cooling system. This paper reports the thermal performance evaluation and analysis of three commercial power modules with different cooling systems. Experiments and simulations were conducted to help further optimization of design. Results show that power electronics can be better merged with the mechanical environment.
C1 [Ning, Puqi; Liang, Zhenxian; Wang, Fred; Marlino, Laura] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
RP Ning, PQ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
OI Liang, Zhenxian/0000-0002-2811-0944
NR 14
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 2134
EP 2139
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700321
ER
PT S
AU Chinthavali, M
Christopher, JF
Arimilli, RV
AF Chinthavali, Madhu
Christopher, Jacob F.
Arimilli, Rao V.
GP IEEE
TI Feasibility Study of A 55-kW Air-cooled Automotive Inverter
SO 2012 TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND
EXPOSITION (APEC)
SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 27th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition
(APEC)
CY FEB 05-09, 2012
CL Orlando, FL
SP IEEE, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc (IAS), IEEE Power Elect Soc (PELS)
AB The purpose of this study is to determine the thermal feasibility of an air-cooled 55-kW power inverter with SiC devices. Air flow rate, ambient air temperature, voltage, and device switching frequency were studied parametrically by performing transient and steady-state simulations. The transient simulations were based on inverter current that represents the US06 supplemental federal test procedure from the US EPA. The results demonstrate the thermal feasibility of using air to cool a rectangular-shaped 55-kW SiC traction drive inverter. When the inverter model is subject to one or multiple current cycles, the maximum device temperature does not exceed 146 degrees C for an inlet flow rate of 270 cfm, ambient temperature of 120 degrees C, voltage of 650 V, and switching frequency of 20 kHz. The results show that the ideal blower power input for the entire inverter with a total inlet air flow rate of 540 cfm is 105 W.
C1 [Chinthavali, Madhu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Christopher, Jacob F.; Arimilli, Rao V.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Chinthavali, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM chinthavalim@ornl.gov; jfaulkn4@utk.edu; arimilli@utk.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Government
[DE-AC05-00OR22725]; [37831]
FX Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under
contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.; The submitted manuscript has been authored
by a contractor of the U.S. Government under Contract No.
DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a
non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish from the contribution, or
allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.
NR 9
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 1048-2334
BN 978-1-4577-1216-6
J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO
PY 2012
BP 2246
EP 2253
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA BBZ13
UT WOS:000309117700340
ER
PT J
AU Merkli, M
Berman, GP
Borgonovi, F
Tsifrinovich, VI
AF Merkli, M.
Berman, G. P.
Borgonovi, F.
Tsifrinovich, V. I.
TI Creation of Two-Particle Entanglement in Open Macroscopic Quantum
Systems
SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUDDEN-DEATH; THERMALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DECOHERENCE; COMPLEXES;
COHERENCE; DYNAMICS; DRIVEN; QUBITS; TIME
AB We consider an open quantum system of N not directly interacting spins (qubits) in contact with both local and collective thermal environments. The qubit-environment interactions are energy conserving. We trace out the variables of the thermal environments and N - 2 qubits to obtain the time-dependent reduced density matrix for two arbitrary qubits. We numerically simulate the reduced dynamics and the creation of entanglement (concurrence) as a function of the parameters of the thermal environments and the number of qubits, N. Our results demonstrate that the two-qubit entanglement generally decreases as N increases. We show analytically that, in the limit N -> infinity, no entanglement can be created. This indicates that collective thermal environments cannot create two-qubit entanglement when many qubits are located within a region of the size of the environment coherence length. We discuss possible relevance of our consideration to recent quantum information devices and biosystems.
C1 [Merkli, M.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.
[Berman, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-25121 Brescia, Italy.
[Borgonovi, F.] Univ Cattolica, Interdisciplinary Labs Adv Mat Phys, I-25121 Brescia, Italy.
[Borgonovi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
[Tsifrinovich, V. I.] NYU, Dept Appl Phys, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.
RP Merkli, M (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.
EM merkli@mun.ca
OI borgonovi, fausto/0000-0002-9730-1189
FU NSERC [205247]; NNSA of the U. S. DOE at LANL [DEAC52-06NA25396]; LDRD
program at LANL
FX This work Supported by NSERC under Discovery Grant 205247 (M. Merkli).
This work was carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the U. S.
DOE at LANL under Contract No. DEAC52-06NA25396. Supported by the LDRD
program at LANL (G. P. Berman).
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION
PI NEW YORK
PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA
SN 1687-9120
J9 ADV MATH PHYS
JI Adv. Math. Phys.
PY 2012
AR 375182
DI 10.1155/2012/375182
PG 15
WC Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA 014QI
UT WOS:000309390400001
ER
PT J
AU Yang, Q
Gustafson, WI
Fast, JD
Wang, H
Easter, RC
Wang, M
Ghan, SJ
Berg, LK
Leung, LR
Morrison, H
AF Yang, Q.
Gustafson, W. I., Jr.
Fast, J. D.
Wang, H.
Easter, R. C.
Wang, M.
Ghan, S. J.
Berg, L. K.
Leung, L. R.
Morrison, H.
TI Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and
precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: a regional modelling study using
WRF-Chem
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION;
MESOSCALE CELLULAR STRUCTURES; SEA-SALT AEROSOLS; VOCALS-REX; DIURNAL
CYCLE; OPEN CELLS; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; STRATIFORM CLOUDS
AB Cloud-system resolving simulations with the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model are used to quantify the relative impacts of regional anthropogenic and oceanic emissions on changes in aerosol properties, cloud macro-and microphysics, and cloud radiative forcing over the Southeast Pacific (SEP) during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) (15 October-16 November 2008). Two distinct regions are identified. The near-coast polluted region is characterized by low surface precipitation rates, the strong suppression of non-sea-salt particle activation due to sea-salt particles, a predominant albedo effect in aerosol indirect effects, and limited impact of aerosols associated with anthropogenic emissions on clouds. Opposite sensitivities to natural marine and anthropogenic aerosol perturbations are seen in cloud properties (e.g., cloud optical depth and cloud-top and cloud-base heights), precipitation, and the top-of-atmosphere and surface shortwave fluxes over this region. The relatively clean remote region is characterized by large contributions of aerosols from non-regional sources (lateral boundaries) and much stronger drizzle at the surface. Under a scenario of five-fold increase in regional anthropogenic emissions, this relatively clean region shows large cloud responses, for example, a 13% increase in cloud-top height and a 9% increase in albedo in response to a moderate increase (25% of the reference case) in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration. The reduction of precipitation due to this increase in anthropogenic aerosols more than doubles the aerosol lifetime in the clean marine boundary layer. Therefore, the aerosol impacts on precipitation are amplified by the positive feedback of precipitation on aerosol, which ultimately alters the cloud micro-and macro-physical properties, leading to strong aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions. The high sensitivity is also related to an increase in cloud-top entrainment rate (by 16% at night) due to the increased anthropogenic aerosols. The simulated aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions due to the increased anthropogenic aerosols have a stronger diurnal cycle over the clean region compared to the near-coast region with stronger interactions at night. During the day, solar heating results in more frequent decoupling of the cloud and sub-cloud layers, thinner clouds, reduced precipitation, and reduced sensitivity to the increase in anthropogenic emissions. This study shows the importance of natural aerosols in accurately quantifying anthropogenic forcing within a regional modeling framework. The results of this study also imply that the energy balance perturbations from increased anthropogenic emissions are larger in the more susceptible clean environment than in already polluted environment and are larger than possible from the first indirect effect alone.
C1 [Yang, Q.; Gustafson, W. I., Jr.; Fast, J. D.; Wang, H.; Easter, R. C.; Wang, M.; Ghan, S. J.; Berg, L. K.; Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Morrison, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Yang, Q (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM qing.yang@pnnl.gov
RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; Yang,
Qing/H-3275-2011; Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016;
Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011
OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; Wang,
Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Yang, Qing/0000-0003-2067-5999; Wang,
Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Ghan,
Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699
FU US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atmospheric
Composition and Climate Program [NA10AANRG0083/56091]; US Department of
Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX We would like to thank Julia Flaherty for the internal review and
Songyou Hong for helpful discussions regarding the YSU scheme. Funding
for this research has been provided by the US National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atmospheric Composition and Climate
Program (NA10AANRG0083/56091). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is
operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy
under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830.
NR 90
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 34
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 18
BP 8777
EP 8796
DI 10.5194/acp-12-8777-2012
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 015CZ
UT WOS:000309424300030
ER
PT S
AU Van de Water, RS
AF Van de Water, Ruth S.
GP NYAS
TI Searching for new physics at the frontiers with lattice quantum
chromodynamics
SO BLAVATNIK AWARDS FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS 2011
SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
LA English
DT Article; Book Chapter
DE lattice QCD; CKM matrix; Standard Model
ID MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; MUON MAGNETIC-MOMENT; STANDARD MODEL; DECAYS;
SUPERSYMMETRY
AB Numerical lattice-quantumchromodynamics(QCD) simulations, when combined with experimental measurements, allow the determination of fundamental parameters of the particle-physics Standard Model and enable searches for physics beyond-the-StandardModel. We present the current status of lattice-QCD weak matrix element calculations needed to obtain the elements and phase of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix and to test the Standard Model in the quark-flavor sector. We then discuss evidence that may hint at the presence of new physics beyond the Standard Model CKM framework. Finally, we discuss two opportunities where we expect lattice QCD to play a pivotal role in searching for, and possibly discovery of, new physics at upcoming high-intensity experiments: rare K -> pi nu nu decays and the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The next several years may witness the discovery of new elementary particles at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The interplay between lattice QCD, high-energy experiments at the LHC, and high-intensity experiments will be needed to determine the underlying structure of whatever physics beyond-the-StandardModel is realized in nature.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Van de Water, RS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM ruthv@bnl.gov
NR 78
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL
PI OXFORD
PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND
SN 0077-8923
BN 978-1-57331-861-7
J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI
JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci.
PY 2012
VL 1260
BP 34
EP 44
DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06542.x
PG 11
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA BCB76
UT WOS:000309673400005
PM 22697613
ER
PT J
AU Yacovitch, TI
Garand, E
Kim, JB
Hock, C
Theis, T
Neumark, DM
AF Yacovitch, Tara I.
Garand, Etienne
Kim, Jongjin B.
Hock, Christian
Theis, Thomas
Neumark, Daniel M.
TI Vibrationally resolved transition state spectroscopy of the F + H-2 and
F + CH4 reactions
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; NEGATIVE-ION PHOTODETACHMENT; DIFFERENTIAL
CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; F+H-2 REACTION; REACTIVE SCATTERING;
ABEL TRANSFORM; PHOTOELECTRON; RESONANCE; DYNAMICS
AB The transition state regions of the F + para-H-2, F + normal-H-2, F + CH4 and F + CD4 reactions have been studied by slow electron velocity-map imaging (SEVI) spectroscopy of the anionic precursor clusters para-FH2-, normal-FH2-, FCH4- and FCD4-. The F + H-2 results improve on previously published photoelectron spectra, resolving a narrow peak that appears in the same position in the para-FH2- and normal-FH2- spectra, and suggesting that additional theoretical treatment is necessary to fully describe and assign the experimental results. A small peak in the para-FH2- results is also identified, matching simulations of a product resonance in the nu' = 3 vibrational level. SEVI spectra of the P-2(3/2) bands of FCH4- and FCD4- show extended structure from transitions to the entrance valley van der Waals region and the reactant side of the F + CH4 transition state region. Much of this structure is attributed to bending or hindered rotation of the methane moiety and may be a spectroscopic signature of reactive resonances.
C1 [Yacovitch, Tara I.; Garand, Etienne; Kim, Jongjin B.; Hock, Christian; Theis, Thomas; Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Fara Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dneumark@berkeley.edu
RI Theis, Thomas/J-2304-2014; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009;
OI Theis, Thomas/0000-0001-6779-9978; Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473;
Garand, Etienne/0000-0001-5062-5453
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-09-1-0343,
F49620-03-1-0085]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of
Canada (NSERC); German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research
under grant numbers FA9550-09-1-0343 and F49620-03-1-0085. We thank Oleg
Kornilov for use of his program to perform the pBasex transform and
wedge subtractions. We also thank David Manolopoulos and Gabor Czako for
helpful discussions. T.I.Y. and E. G. thank the National Science and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for post graduate
scholarships. C. H. is supported by a postdoctoral scholarship from the
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).
NR 61
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 44
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2012
VL 157
BP 399
EP 414
DI 10.1039/c2fd20011b
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 011BF
UT WOS:000309137600022
PM 23230779
ER
PT J
AU Cho, H
Strader, ML
Hong, K
Jamula, L
Gullikson, EM
Kim, TK
de Groot, FMF
McCusker, JK
Schoenlein, RW
Huse, N
AF Cho, Hana
Strader, Matthew L.
Hong, Kiryong
Jamula, Lindsey
Gullikson, Eric M.
Kim, Tae Kyu
de Groot, Frank M. F.
McCusker, James K.
Schoenlein, Robert W.
Huse, Nils
TI Ligand-field symmetry effects in Fe(II) polypyridyl compounds probed by
transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy
SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED SPIN-CROSSOVER; ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRICS; STATE INTERCONVERSION;
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERROUS COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATES; DYNAMICS;
IRON(II); SUBPICOSECOND; MODEL
AB Ultrafast excited-state evolution in polypyridyl Fe(II) complexes is of fundamental interest for understanding the origins of the sub-ps spin-state changes that occur upon photoexcitation of this class of compounds as well as for the potential impact such ultrafast dynamics have on incorporation of these compounds in solar energy conversion schemes or switchable optical storage technologies. We have demonstrated that ground-state and, more importantly, ultrafast time-resolved X-ray absorption methods can offer unique insights into the interplay between electronic and geometric structure that underpins the photo-induced dynamics of this class of compounds. The present contribution examines in greater detail how the symmetry of the ligand field surrounding the metal ion can be probed using these X-ray techniques. In particular, we show that steady-state K-edge spectroscopy of the nearest-neighbour nitrogen atoms reveals the characteristic chemical environment of the respective ligands and suggests an interesting target for future charge-transfer femtosecond and attosecond spectroscopy in the X-ray water window.
C1 [Cho, Hana; Strader, Matthew L.; Schoenlein, Robert W.; Huse, Nils] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ultrafast Xray Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Cho, Hana; Hong, Kiryong; Kim, Tae Kyu] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan, South Korea.
[Cho, Hana; Hong, Kiryong; Kim, Tae Kyu] Pusan Natl Univ, Chem Inst Funct Mat, Pusan, South Korea.
[Jamula, Lindsey; McCusker, James K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
[Gullikson, Eric M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[de Groot, Frank M. F.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Chem, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.
[Huse, Nils] Univ Hamburg, Max Planck Res Dept Struct Dynam, Hamburg, Germany.
[Huse, Nils] Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, Hamburg, Germany.
RP Kim, TK (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan, South Korea.
EM tkkim@pusan.ac.kr; nils.huse@mpsd.cfel.de
RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014; KIM, TAE
KYU/A-8737-2016; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014; Huse,
Nils/A-5712-2017
OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566; KIM, TAE
KYU/0000-0002-9578-5722; Huse, Nils/0000-0002-3281-7600
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the Chemical
Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division under the Department of
Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-01ER15282]; National Research
Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea government [2009-0068446, 2010-0006570,
2007-0056330]; MEST; PAL; Korean XFEL project
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
Biosciences Division under the Department of Energy, Contract No.
DE-AC02-05CH11231 (N.H., H. C., and R. W. S.) and Grant No.
DE-FG02-01ER15282 (J.K.M.), as well as the National Research Foundation
of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government (Grant No. 2009-0068446,
2010-0006570, and 2007-0056330), MEST, PAL, and the Korean XFEL project
(H. C., K. H., and T.K.K.).
NR 51
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 4
U2 61
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-6640
J9 FARADAY DISCUSS
JI Faraday Discuss.
PY 2012
VL 157
BP 463
EP 474
DI 10.1039/c2fd20040f
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA 011BF
UT WOS:000309137600026
PM 23230783
ER
PT B
AU Savage, SL
Holman, G
Reeves, KK
Seaton, DB
McKenzie, DE
Su, Y
AF Savage, Sabrina L.
Holman, Gordon
Reeves, Katharine K.
Seaton, Daniel B.
McKenzie, David E.
Su, Yang
BE Golub, L
DeMoortel, I
Shimizu, T
TI Current Sheet and Reconnection Inflow-Outflow Observations During Solar
Eruptions
SO FIFTH HINODE SCIENCE MEETING: EXPLORING THE ACTIVE SUN
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 5th Hinode Science Meeting
CY OCT 10-15, 2011
CL Cambridge, MA
SP NASA, ESA, Luxel Corp, e2v, CMSO
ID SUPRA-ARCADE DOWNFLOWS; CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION;
QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION; PATCHY RECONNECTION; FLARES; MODEL
AB Magnetic reconnection is widely accepted as being associated with energy release during solar flares; however, observations of it have been indirect and/or incomplete. Using the suite of instruments available spanning wavelength space, we provide observations and measurements of both the inputs and outputs predicted from reconnection in the form of inflows preceding outflows (i.e. supra-arcade downflows, supra-arcade downflowing loops, upflows, and disconnection events). We also present evidence for current sheets through which reconnection is expected to occur and discuss current sheet motion during flare progression.
C1 [Savage, Sabrina L.; Holman, Gordon; Su, Yang] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
[Reeves, Katharine K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
[Seaton, Daniel B.] SIDC, Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
[McKenzie, David E.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Su, Yang] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA.
RP Savage, SL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 8800 Greenbelt Rd,Code 671, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RI Reeves, Katharine/P-9163-2014
NR 30
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-794-0
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 456
BP 169
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BBY15
UT WOS:000308615700036
ER
PT J
AU Nyyssonen, M
Bomberg, M
Kapanen, A
Nousiainen, A
Pitkanen, P
Itavaara, M
AF Nyyssonen, Mari
Bomberg, Malin
Kapanen, Anu
Nousiainen, Aura
Pitkanen, Petteri
Itavaara, Merja
TI Methanogenic and Sulphate-Reducing Microbial Communities in Deep
Groundwater of Crystalline Rock Fractures in Olkiluoto, Finland
SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE sulphate-reducing bacteria; methanogen; deep subsurface; Fennoscandian
shield
ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FENNOSCANDIAN SHIELD;
METHANE PRODUCTION; ARCTIC-OCEAN; DIVERSITY; ARCHAEA; BACTERIA;
SEDIMENTS; SUBSURFACE
AB The long-term safety of final disposal of spent nuclear fuel in the deep geosphere is dependent on stability of biogeochemical conditions at the disposal site. Microbial processes, such as sulphate reduction and methanogenesis, may have profound effects on site biogeochemistry. In this study, sulphate-reducing bacteria and methane-producing archaea were investigated at depths ranging from 68 to 545 m in crystalline rock fractures at an intended spent nuclear fuel disposal site in Olkiluoto, Finland. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis detected diverse sulphate-reducing bacterial communities in all samples. Although the number of dsrB gene copies was below 10(3) copies ml(-1) in all analyzed samples according to real-time quantitative PCR, their abundance was highest in samples that had the highest sulphate concentrations. Several distinct mcrA gene fragments were also recovered from most of the analyzed samples by cloning, although the number of methanogens was lower than that of sulphate-reducing bacteria when measured by mcrA-targeted quantitative PCR. The detected gene fragments were most closely related to sequences obtained from aquatic and deep subsurface environments. Results imply that sulphate reduction, methanogenesis, and anaerobic methane oxidation may all take place in the Olkiluoto deep geobiosphere.
C1 [Nyyssonen, Mari; Bomberg, Malin; Kapanen, Anu; Nousiainen, Aura; Itavaara, Merja] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Espoo, Finland.
[Pitkanen, Petteri] Posiva Oy, Olkiluoto, Eurajoki, Finland.
RP Nyyssonen, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mjnyyssonen@lbl.gov
OI Itavaara, Merja/0000-0002-8384-1424
FU Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Waste Management (KYT); Academy of
Finland; Posiva Oy
FX This work was funded by the Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Waste
Management (KYT), Academy of Finland, and Posiva Oy. We thank Posiva Oy
for providing the samples investigated in this study. We are especially
grateful to Anne Lehtinen from Posiva Oy for planning the samplings and
for her support during the samplings. We thank Marjo Oster for technical
assistance and Michael Hardman for language editing.
NR 56
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 28
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0149-0451
J9 GEOMICROBIOL J
JI Geomicrobiol. J.
PY 2012
VL 29
IS 10
BP 863
EP 878
DI 10.1080/01490451.2011.635759
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA 008TZ
UT WOS:000308980800001
ER
PT J
AU Allen, JE
Yager, KG
Hlaing, H
Nam, CY
Ocko, BM
Black, CT
AF Allen, Jonathan E.
Yager, Kevin G.
Hlaing, Htay
Nam, Chang-Yong
Ocko, Benjamin M.
Black, Charles T.
TI Implementing nanometer-scale confinement in organic semiconductor bulk
heterojunction solar cells
SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE photovoltaic; organic, template; TiO2; atomic layer deposition; solar
cell; inverted; self-assembly
ID ANODIC ALUMINA; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; ENERGY-TRANSFER;
ORGANIZATION; MORPHOLOGY; MOBILITY; NETWORK; ARRAYS
AB We discuss fabrication processes for implementing nanometer scale confinement in an organic bulk heterojunction device architecture, including formation and integration of the confining self-assembled template. Such confinement has a beneficial influence on the electrical properties of blended poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester organic solar cell active layers. Crystallization of the blend upon annealing is inhibited by the confining template, which we understand through analysis of x-ray scattering measurements. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021008]
C1 [Allen, Jonathan E.; Yager, Kevin G.; Nam, Chang-Yong; Black, Charles T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Hlaing, Htay; Ocko, Benjamin M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Hlaing, Htay] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Allen, JE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM ctblack@bnl.gov
RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Nam, Chang-Yong/D-4193-2009
OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Nam, Chang-Yong/0000-0002-9093-4063
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886];
Materials Sciences and Engineering Division through the Center for
Functional Nanomaterials; National Synchrotron Light Source; Department
of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences; Energy Laborator
Research and Development Initiative at Brookhaven National Laboratory
FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic
Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, by the Materials
Sciences and Engineering Division through the Center for Functional
Nanomaterials, the National Synchrotron Light Source, and the Department
of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences. This work was
partially supported by the Energy Laborator Research and Development
Initiative at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 21
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1947-7988
J9 J PHOTON ENERGY
JI J. Photonics Energy
PY 2012
VL 2
SI 1
AR 021008
DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021008
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA 014GD
UT WOS:000309362300008
ER
PT J
AU Xiao, T
Cui, WP
Cai, M
Liu, R
Anderegg, JW
Shinar, J
Shinar, R
AF Xiao, Teng
Cui, Weipan
Cai, Min
Liu, Rui
Anderegg, James W.
Shinar, Joseph
Shinar, Ruth
TI Thin air-plasma-treated alkali fluoride layers for improved hole
extraction in copper phthalocyanine/C-70-based solar cells
SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE small-molecule organic solar cells; alkali fluorides; CuPc; hole
extraction
ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; ELECTRON INJECTION;
PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CONJUGATED POLYMER; TITANIUM-OXIDE; BUFFER
LAYER; LIF; FILM; PERFORMANCE
AB Alkali fluorides, mostly LiF and CsF, are well-known to improve electron injection/extraction in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). They are also utilized, though to a lesser extent, for hole injection in OLEDs. Here we demonstrate a new role for such fluorides in enhancing OSCs' hole extraction. We show that an ultrathin air-plasma-treated alkali fluoride layer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and the active layer in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C-70-based OSCs increases the short circuit current by up to similar to 17% for cells with LiF and similar to 7% for cells with NaF or CsF. The effects of the fluoride layer thickness and treatment duration were evaluated, as were OSCs with oxidized and plasma-treated Li and UV-ozone treated LiF. Measurements included current voltage, absorption, external quantum efficiency (EQE), atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which showed the presence of alkali atoms F and O at the treated ITO/fluoride surface. The EQE of optimized devices with LiF increased at wavelengths >560 nm, exceeding the absorption increase. Overall, the results indicate that the improved performance is due largely to enhanced hole extraction, possibly related to improved energy-level alignment at the fluorinated ITO/CuPc interface, reduced OSC series resistance, and in the case of LiF, improved absorption. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021006]
C1 [Xiao, Teng; Cui, Weipan; Shinar, Ruth] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Xiao, Teng; Cai, Min; Liu, Rui; Anderegg, James W.; Shinar, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Xiao, Teng; Cui, Weipan; Cai, Min; Liu, Rui; Shinar, Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Shinar, Ruth] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Xiao, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM rshinar@iastate.edu
RI Cai, Min/A-2678-2014
FU Iowa Power Fund; US Department of Energy (USDOE) [DE-AC 02-07CH11358];
Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and
Engineering, USDOE
FX This work was partially supported by the Iowa Power Fund. Ames
Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University for the US Department of
Energy (USDOE) under Contract No. DE-AC 02-07CH11358. TX, MC, RL, and
JWA were supported by Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Materials Science and Engineering, USDOE.
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 19
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1947-7988
J9 J PHOTON ENERGY
JI J. Photonics Energy
PY 2012
VL 2
SI 1
AR 021006
DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021006
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA 014GD
UT WOS:000309362300006
ER
PT J
AU Ye, Z
Park, JM
Constant, K
Kim, TG
Ho, KM
AF Ye, Zhuo
Park, Joong-Mok
Constant, Kristen
Kim, Tae-Geun
Ho, Kai-Ming
TI Photonic crystal: energy-related applications
SO JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE photonic bandgap materials; soft lithography; solar cells;
light-emitting devices
ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES; EFFICIENCY
ENHANCEMENT; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; COUPLING EFFICIENCY;
THERMAL-RADIATION; METAL-ELECTRODES; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; BANDGAP CRYSTALS
AB We review recent work on photonic-crystal fabrication using soft-lithography techniques. We consider applications of the resulting structures in energy-related areas such as lighting and solar-energy harvesting. In general, our aim is to introduce the reader to the concepts of photonic crystals, describe their history, development, and fabrication techniques and discuss a selection of energy-related applications. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021012]
C1 [Ye, Zhuo; Park, Joong-Mok; Constant, Kristen; Ho, Kai-Ming] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Ye, Zhuo; Park, Joong-Mok; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Constant, Kristen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Kim, Tae-Geun] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea.
RP Ye, Z (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM zye@iastate.edu; kmh@cmpgroup.ameslab.gov
RI Ye, Zhuo/H-4027-2011; Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014
OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365
FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences,
U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX Zhuo Ye thanks S. Chaudhary for discussions on OPVs. This work is
supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic
Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The Ames Laboratory is
operated by Iowa State University for the Office of Science, U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358.
NR 62
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 25
PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS
PI BELLINGHAM
PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA
SN 1947-7988
J9 J PHOTON ENERGY
JI J. Photonics Energy
PY 2012
VL 2
SI 1
AR 021012
DI 10.1117/1.JPE.2.021012
PG 13
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA 014GD
UT WOS:000309362300012
ER
PT J
AU Shankaran, H
Zhang, Y
Chrisler, WB
Ewald, JA
Wiley, HS
Resat, H
AF Shankaran, Harish
Zhang, Yi
Chrisler, William B.
Ewald, Jonathan A.
Wiley, H. Steven
Resat, Haluk
TI Integrated experimental and model-based analysis reveals the spatial
aspects of EGFR activation dynamics
SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ERBB SIGNALING
NETWORK; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; PHOSPHORYLATION DYNAMICS;
QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; HER2 LEVELS; CANCER; DIMERIZATION; ENDOCYTOSIS
AB The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and controls a diverse set of cellular responses relevant to development and tumorigenesis. ErbB activation is a complex process involving receptor-ligand binding, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation, and trafficking (internalization, recycling and degradation), which together dictate the spatio-temporal distribution of active receptors within the cell. The ability to predict this distribution, and elucidation of the factors regulating it, would help to establish a mechanistic link between ErbB expression levels and the cellular response. Towards this end, we constructed mathematical models to determine the contributions of receptor dimerization and phosphorylation to EGFR activation, and to examine the dependence of these processes on sub-cellular location. We collected experimental datasets for EGFR activation dynamics in human mammary epithelial cells, with the specific goal of model parameterization, and used the data to estimate parameters for several alternate models. Model-based analysis indicated that: (1) signal termination via receptor dephosphorylation in late endosomes, prior to degradation, is an important component of the response, (2) less than 40% of the receptors in the cell are phosphorylated at any given time, even at saturating ligand doses, and (3) receptor phosphorylation kinetics at the cell surface and early endosomes are comparable. We validated the last finding by measuring the EGFR dephosphorylation rates at various times following ligand addition both in whole cells and in endosomes using ELISAs and fluorescent imaging. Overall, our results provide important information on how EGFR phosphorylation levels are regulated within cells. This study demonstrates that an iterative cycle of experiments and modeling can be used to gain mechanistic insight regarding complex cell signaling networks.
C1 [Shankaran, Harish; Zhang, Yi; Resat, Haluk] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Chrisler, William B.; Ewald, Jonathan A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Wiley, H. Steven] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Resat, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, POB 999,MS J4-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM haluk.resat@pnnl.gov
OI Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867
FU National Institutes of Health Grant [5R01GM072821-06]; Battelle for the
U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830]
FX The research described in this paper was funded by the National
Institutes of Health Grant 5R01GM072821-06 to H.R. Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by
Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
DE-AC06-76RL01830.
NR 52
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 7
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1742-206X
J9 MOL BIOSYST
JI Mol. Biosyst.
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 11
BP 2868
EP 2882
DI 10.1039/c2mb25190f
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 015YC
UT WOS:000309481300009
PM 22952062
ER
PT J
AU Zhou, CZ
Su, JJ
Graf, MJ
Reichhardt, C
Balatsky, AV
Beyerlein, IJ
AF Zhou, Caizhi
Su, Jung-jung
Graf, Matthias J.
Reichhardt, Charles
Balatsky, Alexander V.
Beyerlein, Irene J.
TI Dislocation-induced anomalous softening of solid helium
SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE dislocation dynamics; plasticity; solid He-4; superfluidity
ID HCP HE-4; SHEAR MODULUS; SUPERSOLIDITY; CRYSTALS
AB The classical motion of gliding dislocation lines in slip planes of crystalline solid helium leads to plastic deformation even at temperatures far below the Debye temperature and can affect elastic properties. In this work we propose that the gliding of dislocations and plasticity may be the origin of many observed elastic anomalies in solid 4 He, which have been argued to be connected to supersolidity. We present a dislocation motion model that describes the stress-strain tau-epsilon curves and work-hardening rate d tau/d epsilon of a shear experiment performed at constant strain rate (epsilon) over dot in solid helium. The calculated d tau/d epsilon exhibits strong softening with increasing temperature owing to the motion of dislocations, which mimics anomalous softening of the elastic shear modulus mu. In the same temperature region the motion of dislocations causes dissipation with a prominent peak.
C1 [Zhou, Caizhi; Su, Jung-jung; Graf, Matthias J.; Reichhardt, Charles; Balatsky, Alexander V.; Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Zhou, Caizhi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Su, Jung-jung; Balatsky, Alexander V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Zhou, CZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM czhou@lanl.gov
RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011
FU U.S. DOE at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office
of Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Center for Nonlinear Studies,
Statistical Physics Beyond Equilibrium Project from the Los Alamos
National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Office
FX We acknowledge discussions with J. Beamish and C.J. Olson-Reichhardt.
This work was supported by the U.S. DOE at Los Alamos National
Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and the Office of Basic
Energy Sciences (BES). C.Z. acknowledges support provided by the Center
for Nonlinear Studies, Statistical Physics Beyond Equilibrium Project
from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Office.
NR 30
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 2
U2 6
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0950-0839
J9 PHIL MAG LETT
JI Philos. Mag. Lett.
PY 2012
VL 92
IS 11
BP 608
EP 616
DI 10.1080/09500839.2012.704415
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
GA 016MB
UT WOS:000309521500004
ER
PT S
AU Bucknall, DG
Bernardo, G
Shofner, ML
Nabankur, D
Raghavan, D
Sumpter, BG
Sides, S
Huq, A
Karim, A
AF Bucknall, David G.
Bernardo, Gabriel
Shofner, Meisha L.
Nabankur, Deb
Raghavan, Dharmaraj
Sumpter, Bobby G.
Sides, Scott
Huq, Abul
Karim, Alamgir
BE Boudenne, A
TI Phase-Morphology and Molecular Structure Correlations in Model
Fullerene-Polymer Nanocomposites
SO POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS: FROM MACRO, MICRO TO NANOSCALE
SE Materials Science Forum
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Multiphase Polymers and Polymer Composites Systems: Macro
to Nano Scales
CY JUN 07-10, 2011
CL Paris, FRANCE
SP European Cooperat Sci Technol, Univ Paris Est Creteil Val Marne, Conseil Gen Val Marne
DE Fullerene; Neutron & x-ray scattering; Differential Scanning
Calorimetry; Molecular Modelling
ID BLENDS; CELLS
AB In this work we have performed a systematic study of blends of [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with the following amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers: atactic polystyrene (PS), syndiotactic polystyrene (syn-PS), poly(2-vinyl-naphthalene) (P2VN), poly(9-vinyl-phenanthrene) (P9VPh), poly(vinylidene-fluoride) (PVdF) and poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (P3HT). Experimental measurements using DSC, x-ray and neutron scattering coupled with molecular modeling (MD and DFT) have been utilized to determine the solubility and phase morphology of these model polymer-fullerene blends.
C1 [Bucknall, David G.; Shofner, Meisha L.; Nabankur, Deb] Georgia Inst Technol, MSE, 801 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Bernardo, Gabriel] Univ Minho, Inst Polym & Compos, I3N, Guimaraes 4800-058, Portugal.
[Raghavan, Dharmaraj] Howard Univ, Washington, DC USA.
[Sumpter, Bobby G.] CNMS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Sides, Scott] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
[Huq, Abul; Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
RP Bucknall, DG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, MSE, 801 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM bucknall@gatech.edu; gabriel.bernardo@dep.uminho.pt;
meisha.shofner@mse.gatech.edu; ndeb3@gatech.edu; draghavan@Howard.edu;
sumpterbg@ornl.gov; swsides@txcorp.com; afh6@zips.uakron.edu;
alamgir@uakron.edu
RI Bernardo, Gabriel/B-8336-2009; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Bucknall,
David/F-7568-2016
OI Bernardo, Gabriel/0000-0001-7392-4915; Sumpter,
Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Bucknall, David/0000-0003-4558-6933
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 24
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 0255-5476
J9 MATER SCI FORUM
PY 2012
VL 714
BP 63
EP +
DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.714.63
PG 2
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Polymer Science
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Polymer Science
GA BBZ84
UT WOS:000309245700009
ER
PT J
AU Groat, MM
Edwards, B
Horey, J
He, WB
Forrest, S
AF Groat, Michael M.
Edwards, Benjamin
Horey, James
He, Wenbo
Forrest, Stephanie
GP IEEE
TI Enhancing Privacy in Participatory Sensing Applications with
Multidimensional Data
SO 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND
COMMUNICATIONS (PERCOM)
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and
Communications (PerCom)
CY MAR 19-23, 2012
CL Univ Appl Sci & Arts So Switzerland (SUPSI), Lugano, SWITZERLAND
SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Texas Arlington (UTA), Univ Lugano, Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), European off Aerosp Res & Dev (EOARD), NOKIA, IBM
HO Univ Appl Sci & Arts So Switzerland (SUPSI)
DE multidimensional data; negative surveys; privacy protection;
participatory sensing applications
ID RANDOMIZED-RESPONSE
AB Participatory sensing applications rely on individuals to share local and personal data with others to produce aggregated models and knowledge. In this setting, privacy is an important consideration, and lack of privacy could discourage widespread adoption of many exciting applications. We present a privacy-preserving participatory sensing scheme for multidimensional data which uses negative surveys. Multidimensional data, such as vectors of attributes that include location and environment fields, are challenging for privacy protection and are common in participatory sensing applications. When reporting data in a negative survey, an individual participant randomly selects a value from the set complement of the sensed data value, once for each dimension, and returns the negative values to a central collection server. Using algorithms described in this paper, the server can reconstruct the probability density functions of the original distributions of sensed values, without knowing the participants' actual data. Our algorithms avoid computationally expensive encryption and key management schemes, conserving energy. We study trade-offs between accuracy and privacy, and their relationships to the number of dimensions, categories, and participants. We introduce dimensional adjustment, a method that reduces the magnification of error associated with earlier work. Two simulation scenarios illustrate how the approach can protect the privacy of a participant's multidimensional data while allowing useful aggregate information to be collected.
C1 [Groat, Michael M.; Edwards, Benjamin; Forrest, Stephanie] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
[Horey, James] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[He, Wenbo] McGill Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
RP Groat, MM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
FU Motorola, Inc,; Eli Lilly and Company; NSF [HRD-0622930, CCF-0621900,
CCR-0331580, SHF-0905236]; DOE NNSA [DE-FG52-06NA27494]; AFOSR MURI
[FA9550-07-1-0532]; DARPA [1070-113237]
FX The authors thank Rammohan, Williams, and Esponda for their suggestions,
insights, and ideas. MG acknowledges support from Motorola, Inc, Eli
Lilly and Company, and NSF grant HRD-0622930; WH acknowledges support
from DOE NNSA grant DE-FG52-06NA27494; SF acknowledges the partial
support of NSF (grants CCF-0621900, CCR-0331580, SHF-0905236), AFOSR
MURI grant FA9550-07-1-0532, and DARPA grant P-1070-113237.
NR 35
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
BN 978-1-4673-0258-6
PY 2012
BP 144
EP 152
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory &
Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA BBZ11
UT WOS:000309103700020
ER
PT S
AU Roberts, CD
AF Roberts, C. D.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Opportunities and Challenges for Theory in the N* program
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE Baryon and meson spectra; Baryon transition form factors; Confinement;
Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking
ID QCD
AB The N*-program provides a path to understanding the essentially-nonperturbative fundamentals at the heart of the Standard Model: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Relating this data to QCD's basic degrees-of-freedom is a key challenge for theory. In tackling it, one steps immediately into the domain of relativistic quantum field theory where within the key phenomena can only be understood via nonperturbative methods. No one tool is yet fully equal to the challenge. Nonetheless, the last few years have seen significant progress in QCD-based theory, and the reaction models necessary to bridge the gap between that theory and experiment.
C1 [Roberts, C. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM cdroberts@anl.gov
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 19
EP 25
DI 10.1063/1.3701183
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500001
ER
PT S
AU Edwards, RG
Dudek, JJ
Richards, DG
Wallace, SJ
AF Edwards, R. G.
Dudek, J. J.
Richards, D. G.
Wallace, S. J.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Baryon spectroscopy in lattice QCD with spin identification
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE Nucleon; Delta; excited states; spin identification
AB Lattice QCD calculations are presented for the spectra of N* excited states with spins up to J = 7/2. The lattice operators and analysis methods used to identify the continuum spins in the lattice calculations are reviewed. In simulations with m(pi) >= 392 MeV, the low-lying excited states of lattice QCD are found to have the same quantum numbers as the states of SU(6) circle times O(3) symmetry. The lattice spectra are inconsistent with either a quark-diquark model or parity doubling of states.
C1 [Edwards, R. G.; Dudek, J. J.; Richards, D. G.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Wallace, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Edwards, RG (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM edwards@jlab.org; dgr@jlab.org; stevewal@physics.umd.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-93ER-40762, DE-AC05-06OR23177];
Jefferson Science Associates, LLC; Jefferson Laboratory
FX We thank our colleagues within the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration. We
also acknowledge illuminating discussions with Simon Capstick and
Winston Roberts. Chroma [4] and QUDA [5, 6] were used to perform this
work on clusters at Jefferson Laboratory under the USQCD Initiative and
the LQCD ARRA project. SJW acknowledges support from U.S. Department of
Energy contract DE-FG02-93ER-40762. RGE, JJD and DGR acknowledge support
from U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which
Jefferson Science Associates, LLC,manages and operates Jefferson
Laboratory.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 33
EP 38
DI 10.1063/1.3701185
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500003
ER
PT S
AU D'Angelo, A
Ardashev, K
Bade, C
Bartalini, O
Bellini, V
Blecher, M
Bocquet, JP
Capogni, M
Caracappa, A
Casano, LE
Castoldi, M
Di Salvo, R
Fantini, A
Franco, D
Gervino, G
Ghio, F
Giardina, G
Gibson, C
Girolami, B
Giusa, A
Glukler, H
Hicks, K
Hoblit, S
Honig, A
Kageya, T
Khandaker, M
Kistner, OC
Kizilgul, S
Kucuker, S
Lapik, A
Lehmann, A
Sandri, PL
Lieres, A
Lowry, M
Lucas, M
Mahon, J
Mammoliti, F
Mandaglio, G
Manganaro, M
Miceli, L
Moricciani, D
Mushkarenkov, A
Nedorezov, V
Norum, B
Pap, M
Preedom, B
Seyfarth, H
Randieri, C
Rebreyend, D
Rudnev, N
Russo, G
Sandorfi, A
Schaerf, C
Sperduto, ML
Stroher, H
Sutera, MC
Thorn, CE
Turinge, A
Vegna, V
Whisnant, CS
Wang, K
Wei, X
AF D'Angelo, A.
Ardashev, K.
Bade, C.
Bartalini, O.
Bellini, V.
Blecher, M.
Bocquet, J. -P.
Capogni, M.
Caracappa, A.
Casano, L. E.
Castoldi, M.
Di Salvo, R.
Fantini, A.
Franco, D.
Gervino, G.
Ghio, F.
Giardina, G.
Gibson, C.
Girolami, B.
Giusa, A.
Gluekler, H.
Hicks, K.
Hoblit, S.
Honig, A.
Kageya, T.
Khandaker, M.
Kistner, O. C.
Kizilgul, S.
Kucuker, S.
Lapik, A.
Lehmann, A.
Sandri, P. Levi
Lieres, A.
Lowry, M.
Lucas, M.
Mahon, J.
Mammoliti, F.
Mandaglio, G.
Manganaro, M.
Miceli, L.
Moricciani, D.
Mushkarenkov, A.
Nedorezov, V.
Norum, B.
Pap, M.
Preedom, B.
Seyfarth, H.
Randieri, C.
Rebreyend, D.
Rudnev, N.
Russo, G.
Sandorfi, A.
Schaerf, C.
Sperduto, M. -L.
Stroher, H.
Sutera, M. -C.
Thorn, C. E.
Turinge, A.
Vegna, V.
Whisnant, C. S.
Wang, K.
Wei, X.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Results from polarized experiments at LEGS and GRAAL
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE Photoreactions; polarized photon beams; polarized targets
ID SIGMA-BEAM ASYMMETRY; NUCLEONIC RESONANCE EXCITATIONS; POSITIVE
PION-PHOTOPRODUCTION; BARYON RESONANCES; MESON PHOTOPRODUCTION; PRECISE
MEASUREMENT; GAMMA-P; N-PI; PROTON; DECAYS
AB Compton backscattering gamma ray beams are characterized by a high degree of linear and circular polarization with low unpolarized backgrounds and have proven to provide very precise measurements of polarization observables. Latest results from LEGS and GRAAL experiments on proton and deuteron targets are presented. The Sigma beam asymmetry for omega photoproduction has been measured by the GRAAL collaboration for both the omega -> pi(0)gamma and the omega -> pi(+)pi(+)pi(0) decay channels on the proton target; single and double polarization asymmetries have been provided also for the K photoproduction channel. E and G double polarization asymmetries for single pion photoproduction on the proton and deuteron have been measured at LEGS using a frozen spin HD target.
C1 [D'Angelo, A.; Bartalini, O.; Capogni, M.; Fantini, A.; Franco, D.; Schaerf, C.; Vegna, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dip Fis, Via Ricerca Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Di Salvo, R.] Ricerca Sci, INFN Sezione Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
[Ardashev, K.; Hoblit, S.; Kucuker, S.; Norum, B.; Wang, K.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA.
[Ardashev, K.; Preedom, B.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
[Bade, C.; Hicks, K.; Kizilgul, S.; Lucas, M.; Mahon, J.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
[Bellini, V.; Giusa, A.; Mammoliti, F.; Sperduto, M. -L.; Sutera, M. -C.] Univ Catania, Dip Fisica, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
[Bellini, V.] INFN Lab Nazl Sud, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
[Blecher, M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Bocquet, J. -P.; Lieres, A.; Rebreyend, D.] IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatomique Cosmol, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
[Capogni, M.] ENEA CR Casaccia, I-00060 Rome, Italy.
[Caracappa, A.; Hoblit, S.; Lowry, M.; Miceli, L.; Thorn, C. E.; Wei, X.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Castoldi, M.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy.
[Franco, D.] Univ Bern, Albert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, LHEP, Bern, Switzerland.
[Gervino, G.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
[Ghio, F.] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
[Ghio, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
[Giardina, G.; Mandaglio, G.; Manganaro, M.] Univ Messina, Dipartimento Fis, I-98166 Messina, Italy.
[Giardina, G.; Giusa, A.; Mammoliti, F.; Mandaglio, G.; Manganaro, M.; Sperduto, M. -L.; Sutera, M. -C.] INFN Sezione Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy.
[Gluekler, H.; Stroher, H.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Honig, A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
[Kageya, T.; Khandaker, M.; Lowry, M.; Sandorfi, A.; Wei, X.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Khandaker, M.] Norfolk State Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Lapik, A.; Mushkarenkov, A.; Nedorezov, V.; Rudnev, N.; Turinge, A.] Nucl Res Inst, Moscow 117312, Russia.
[Sandri, P. Levi] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy.
[Whisnant, C. S.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA.
RP D'Angelo, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dip Fis, Via Ricerca Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy.
EM annalisa@jlab.org; kageya@jlab.org; sandorfi@JLab.org;
Schaerf@roma2.infn.it; h.stroeher@fz-juelich.de; xwei@jlab.org
RI Mandaglio, Giuseppe/J-9025-2015; Giusa, Antonio/G-5508-2012; Fantini,
Alessia/J-2478-2012; moricciani, dario/C-5002-2014; GHIO,
FRANCESCO/F-2092-2015; Sperduto, Maria Leda/K-2310-2015; D'Angelo,
Annalisa/A-2439-2012; Manganaro, Marina/B-7657-2011; BELLINI,
Vincenzo/B-1239-2012;
OI Mandaglio, Giuseppe/0000-0003-4486-4807; Randieri,
Cristian/0000-0001-5300-3561; Giusa, Antonio/0000-0002-5142-0043;
Fantini, Alessia/0000-0002-4643-4731; moricciani,
dario/0000-0002-1737-8857; Sperduto, Maria Leda/0000-0003-0290-7397;
D'Angelo, Annalisa/0000-0003-3050-4907; Manganaro,
Marina/0000-0003-1530-3031; BELLINI, Vincenzo/0000-0001-6906-7463; Levi
Sandri, Paolo/0000-0002-0069-2399; Di Salvo, Rachele/0000-0002-2162-714X
NR 27
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 56
EP 61
DI 10.1063/1.3701189
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500007
ER
PT S
AU Aznauryan, IG
Burkert, VD
Mokeev, VI
AF Aznauryan, I. G.
Burkert, V. D.
Mokeev, V. I.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Nucleon Resonance Electrocouplings from the CLAS Meson Electroproduction
Data
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE nucleon resonance structure; meson electroproduction; electromagnetic
form factors
ID ISOBAR MODEL
AB Transition helicity amplitudes gamma nu NN* (electrocouplings) were determined for prominent excited proton states with masses below 1.8 GeV in independent analyses of major meson electroproduction channels: pi(+)n, pi(0)p and pi(+)pi(-)p. Consistent results on resonance electrocouplings obtained from analyses of these exclusive reactions with different non-resonant contributions demonstrate reliable extraction of these fundamental quantities for states that have significant decays for either N pi or N pi pi channels. Preliminary results on electrocouplings of N* states with masses above 1.6 GeV have become available from the CLAS data on pi(+)pi(-) p electroproduction off protons for the first time. Comparison with quark models and coupled-channel approaches strongly suggest that N* structure is determined by contributions from an internal core of three constituent quarks and an external meson-baryon cloud at the distances covered in these measurements with the CLAS detector.
C1 [Aznauryan, I. G.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
[Burkert, V. D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Mokeev, V. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 1198899, Russia.
RP Aznauryan, IG (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
EM burkert@jlab.org; mokeev@jlab.org
FU U.S. Department of Energy; Russian Federation Government
[02.740.11.0242]; Department of Education and Science of Republic of
Armenia [11-1C015]; Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics and Physics
Department at Moscow State University; Yerevan Physics Institute
(Armenia); Jefferson Science Associates, LLC; U.S. DOE
[DE-AC05-060R23177]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, the
Russian Federation Government Grant 02.740.11.0242, 07.07.2009, and the
Department of Education and Science of Republic of Armenia
Grant-11-1C015, the Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics and Physics
Department at Moscow State University, Yerevan Physics Institute
(Armenia). Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates Jefferson Lab
under U.S. DOE contract DE-AC05-060R23177
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 68
EP 73
DI 10.1063/1.3701191
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500009
ER
PT S
AU Kamano, H
Lee, TSH
AF Kamano, H.
Lee, T. -S. H.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI EBAC-DCC Analysis of World Data of pi N, gamma N, and N (e, e ')
Reactions
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE Nucleon resonance analysis
AB The development, results, and prospect of the Dynamical Coupled-Channels analysis at Excited Baryon Analysis Center (EBAC-DCC) are reported.
C1 [Kamano, H.] Osaka City Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5588585, Japan.
[Kamano, H.; Lee, T. -S. H.] Excited Baryon Anal Ctr, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Lee, T. -S. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Kamano, H (reprint author), Osaka City Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka 5588585, Japan.
EM hkamano@jlab.org; Lee@phy.anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics Division
[DE-AC02-06CH11357, DEAC05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Lab; National Energy
Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors thank to B. Julia-Diaz, A. Matsuyama, S. X. Nakamura, T.
Sato, and N. Suzuki for their collaboration at EBAC. TSHL would like to
thank A. W. Thomas for his strong support to the development of EBAC
project and his many constructive discussions. This work is supported by
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics Division, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and Contract No. DEAC05-06OR23177 under
which Jefferson Science Associates operates the Jefferson Lab. This
research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific
Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231,
resources provided on Fusion, a 320-node computing cluster operated by
the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory,
and resources of Barcelona Sucpercomputing Center (BSC/CNS).
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 74
EP 79
DI 10.1063/1.3701192
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500010
ER
PT S
AU Pennington, MR
AF Pennington, M. R.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Exciting Baryons: now and in the future
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE Baryons; spectrum; decays; coupled channels; mesons; QCD
ID HADRONIC MOLECULES; MODEL; MESONS; DECAYS; X(3872); SEARCH; REGION;
STATES
AB This is the final talk of NSTAR2011 conference. It is not a summary talk, but rather a looking forward to what still needs to be done in excited baryon physics. In particular, we need to hone our tools connecting experimental inputs with QCD. At present we rely on models that often have doubtful connections with the underlying theory, and this needs to be dramatically improved, if we are to reach definitive conclusions about the relevant degrees of freedom of excited baryons. Conclusions that we want to have by NSTAR2021.
C1 Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23609 USA.
RP Pennington, MR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23609 USA.
EM michaelp@jlab.org
NR 44
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 176
EP 184
DI 10.1063/1.3701208
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500026
ER
PT S
AU Jones, MK
AF Jones, M. K.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI eta Production at High Q(2)
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE eta production; baryon resonances; transition form factors
ID ELECTROPRODUCTION
AB The differential cross-sections for the p(e,e'p)eta reaction have been measured in Hall C at Jefferson Lab at Q(2) = 5.7 and 7.0 (GeV/c)(2) for center-of-mass energies from threshold to 1.8 GeV, encompassing the S-11 (1535) resonance, which dominates the reaction. From fits to the data, the S-11(1535) helicity conserving photo-coupling amplitude, A(1/2), was extracted.
C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Jones, MK (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM jones@jlab.org
NR 6
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 192
EP 194
DI 10.1063/1.3701210
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500028
ER
PT S
AU Carman, DS
AF Carman, Daniel S.
CA CLAS Collaboration
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Strangeness Electroproduction on the Nucleon at CLAS
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE Strangeness; Electroproduction; Nucleon Resonances
ID LAMBDA
AB High-precision measurements of strange particle production from both proton and neutron targets are a core part of the physics program with the CL AS spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Laboratory. Measurements have been carried out at beam energies up to 6 GeV in experiments with polarized beams and polarized targets. This talk will focus on the electroproduction measurements that have been completed, which include cross sections and hyperon polarization observables for K+Y (Y = Lambda,Sigma(0)) final states over a broad kinematic range in momentum transfer Q(2) and invariant energy W, while spanning nearly the full kaon center-of-mass angular range. These data in the strangeness sector are necessary to better understand the different production mechanisms for A and hyperons and to disentangle the different resonant and non-resonant amplitudes in the intermediate state. The usefulness of the CLAS electroproduction data as part of a coupled-channel model fit will be discussed as well as an outlook of this program for the future.
C1 [Carman, Daniel S.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Carman, DS (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM carman@jlab.org
NR 14
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 195
EP 198
DI 10.1063/1.3701211
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500029
ER
PT S
AU Park, KJ
AF Park, Kijun
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Measurement of cross sections of p(e, e 'pi(+))n for near pion threshold
and high-lying resonances at high Q(2)
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE cross section; exclusive pion electro-production; near pion threshold;
high-lying resonances; high Q(2)
AB During the last decade, remarkable experimental data have been collacted in an extensive programs to study the excitation of nucleon resonance (N*) at Jefferson Laboratory through pion-electroproduction using polarized electron beam and unpolarized proton target. The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) is well suited for the study of a broad range of kinematics in the invariant mass W and photon virtuality Q(2) with nearly complete angular coverage for the hadronic decays. Electron scattering allows us to probe the effective degrees of freedom in excited nucleon states from meson-baryon to dressed quarks in terms of varying the distance scale. The study of nucleon structure allows us to understand these effective degrees of freedom. In this proceeding, I present preliminary cross sections for single pion production in mass range of high-lying resonances as well as near the pion threshold. Analysis of N pi(+) cross sections together with N pi(0) and N pi pi exclusive electroproduction data, will allow us for the first time to determine electrocouplings of several high-lying excited proton states (W >= 1.6 GeV) at photon virtualities that correspond to the transition toward the dominance of quark degrees of freedom. I also present preliminary result on the E0+ multipole near pion threshold at 2.0 GeV2 <= Q(2) <= 4.5 GeV2 using exclusive N pi(+) electroproduction data.
C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Park, KJ (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM parkkj@jlab.org
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 207
EP 210
DI 10.1063/1.3701214
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500032
ER
PT S
AU Sandorfi, AM
Dey, B
Sarantsev, A
Tiator, L
Workman, R
AF Sandorfi, A. M.
Dey, B.
Sarantsev, A.
Tiator, L.
Workman, R.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI A Rosetta Stone Relating Conventions In Photo-Meson Partial Wave
Analyses
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE meson photo-production; partial wave analysis; polarization asymmetries
AB A new generation of complete experiments in pseudoscalar meson photo-production is being pursued at several laboratories. While new data are emerging, there is some confusion regarding definitions of asymmetries and the conventions used in partial wave analyses (PWA). We present expressions for constructing asymmetries as coordinate-system independent ratios of cross sections, along with the names used for these ratios by different PWA groups.
C1 [Sandorfi, A. M.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Dey, B.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
[Sarantsev, A.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
[Tiator, L.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
[Workman, R.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Nucl Studies, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP Sandorfi, AM (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM sandorfi@JLab.org; biplabd@andrew.cmu.edu; andsar@hiskp.uni-bonn.de;
tiator@kph.uni-mainz.de; rworkman@gwu.edu
FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-87ER-40315, DE-FG02-99ER41110]; Office
of Nuclear Physics Division [DE-AC-05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Science
Associates operste Jefferson Laboratory; Deutsche
Forschungsgeminschaft(DFG)
FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of
Nuclear Physics Division, under contract no. DE-AC-05-06OR23177 under
which Jefferson Science Associates operste Jefferson Laboratory, and
also by US Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-87ER-40315 and
DE-FG02-99ER41110. Support has also been provided by the Deutsche
Forschungsgeminschaft(DFG).
NR 5
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U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 219
EP 222
DI 10.1063/1.3701216
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500034
ER
PT S
AU Hoblit, S
Sandorfi, AM
Kamano, H
Lee, TSH
AF Hoblit, S.
Sandorfi, A. M.
Kamano, H.
Lee, T-S. H.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Uncertainties in model-independent extractions of amplitudes from
complete experiments
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE complete experiments; pseudoscalar meson; photo-production; multipoles
AB A new generation of over-complete experiments is underway, with the goal of performing a high precision extraction of pseudoscalar meson photo-production amplitudes. Such experimentally determined amplitudes can be used both as a test to validate models and as a starting point for an analytic continuation in the complex plane to search for poles. Of crucial importance for both is the level of uncertainty in the extracted multipoles. We have probed these uncertainties by analyses of pseudo-data for K Lambda photoproduction, first for the set of 8 observables that have been published for the K+Lambda channel and then for pseudo-data on a complete set of 16 observables with the uncertainties expected from analyses of ongoing CLAS experiments. In fitting multipoles, we have used a combined Monte Carlo sampling of the amplitude space, with gradient minimization, and have found a shallow chi(2) valley pitted with a large number of local minima. This results in bands of solutions that are experimentally indistinguishable. All ongoing experiments will measure observables with limited statistics. We have found a dependence on the particular random choice of values of Gaussian distributed pseudo-data, due to the presence of multiple local minima. This results in actual uncertainties for reconstructed multipoles that are often considerable larger than those returned by gradient minimization routines such as Minuit which find a single local minimum. As intuitively expected, this additional level of uncertainty decreases as larger numbers of observables are included.
C1 [Hoblit, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Sandorfi, A. M.; Kamano, H.; Lee, T-S. H.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
[Lee, T-S. H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Hoblit, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM hoblit@bnl.gov; sandorfi@JLab.org; hkamano@jlab.org; Lee@phy.anl.gov
NR 1
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U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 231
EP 234
DI 10.1063/1.3701219
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500037
ER
PT S
AU McAndrew, J
Watts, D
Pasyuk, E
AF McAndrew, J.
Watts, D.
Pasyuk, E.
CA CLAS Collaboration
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Measurement of the G Double-Polarisation Observable in Pion
Photoproduction
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE photonuclear; double-polarisation observable
AB The g9a experiment using the CLAS detector in Hall B of Jefferson Lab will measure double-polarisation observables using a polarised energy-tagged photon beam in conjunction with the frozen spin target, FROST. This contribution describes the extraction of the G double polarisation observable in the single pion photoproduction using a linearly polarised photon beam in the energy range 730-2300 MeV and the longitudinally polarised frozen spin target, FROST.
C1 [McAndrew, J.; Watts, D.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland.
[McAndrew, J.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
[Pasyuk, E.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP McAndrew, J (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland.
EM mcandrew@jlab.org; pasyuk@jlab.org
FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Science and
Technology Funding Council (UK); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-
AC05-84ER40150]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, the
National Science Foundation and the Science and Technology Funding
Council (UK). Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) operates the Thomas
Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the U.S. Department of
Energy under contract DE- AC05-84ER40150.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 287
EP 290
DI 10.1063/1.3701232
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500050
ER
PT S
AU Roberts, CD
Cloet, IC
Chang, L
Roberts, HLL
AF Roberts, C. D.
Cloet, I. C.
Chang, L.
Roberts, H. L. L.
BE Burkert, V
Jones, M
Pennington, M
Richards, D
TI Dressed-quarks and the Roper resonance
SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF EXCITED NUCLEONS (NSTAR
2011)
SE AIP Conference Proceedings
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR)
CY MAY 17-20, 2011
CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab), Newport News,
VA
SP Jefferson Science Associates, Forschungszentrum Julich, European Phys Journal
HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil (Jefferson Lab)
DE Baryon and meson spectra; Baryon transition form factors; Confinement;
Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; Dyson-Schwinger equations
ID QCD
AB A Dyson-Schwinger equation calculation of the light hadron spectrum, which correlates the masses of meson and baryon ground- and excited-states within a single framework, produces a description of the Roper resonance that corresponds closely with conclusions drawn recently by EBAC. Namely, the Roper is a particular type of radial excitation of the nucleon's dressed-quark core augmented by a material meson cloud component. There are, in addition, some surprises.
C1 [Roberts, C. D.; Chang, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Roberts, C. D.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Roberts, C. D.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
[Roberts, C. D.] Peking Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Roberts, C. D.] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nuclear Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
[Cloet, I. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
[Roberts, H. L. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM cdroberts@anl.gov; icloet@uw.edu
FU Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of
Nuclear Physics [DEFG03-97ER4014, DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with S. M. Schmidt and financial
support from the Workshop. Work supported by: Forschungszentrum Julich
GmbH; and U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics,
contract nos. DEFG03-97ER4014 and DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 18
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0094-243X
BN 978-0-7354-1018-3
J9 AIP CONF PROC
PY 2012
VL 1432
BP 309
EP 312
DI 10.1063/1.3701237
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA BBO00
UT WOS:000307647500055
ER
PT B
AU Cardall, CY
Endeve, E
Budiardja, RD
Marronetti, P
Mezzacappa, A
AF Cardall, C. Y.
Endeve, E.
Budiardja, R. D.
Marronetti, P.
Mezzacappa, A.
BE CapuzzoDolcetta, R
Limongi, M
Tornambe, A
TI Towards the Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism
SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS: METHODS, TOOLS AND OUTCOMES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advances in Computational Astrophysics - Methods, Tools,
and Outcomes
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Cefalu, ITALY
SP European Sci Fdn, Giancarlo Ruocco, Emanuele Giallongo
ID ACCRETION-SHOCK INSTABILITY; CODE
AB Core-collapse supernovae are amazing displays of astrophysical fireworks - and the optical emission is only a tiny part of the story. These events involve virtually all branches of physics and spawn phenomena observable by every kind of astronomical observation. This richness of theory and observation presents a formidable challenge to their understanding via computer simulations, but we are entering a new era of realism and maturity in modeling the key processes of collapse and explosion.
C1 [Cardall, C. Y.; Endeve, E.; Mezzacappa, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Budiardja, R. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Marronetti, P.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA.
RP Cardall, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017
OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741
FU Office of Nuclear Physics; DOE; Office of Advanced Scientic Computing
Research
FX Support from the Office of Nuclear Physics, DOE, and the Office of
Advanced Scientic Computing Research, DOE, is gratefully acknowledged.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for the DOE.
NR 18
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-788-9
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 453
BP 81
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BBY35
UT WOS:000308675400013
ER
PT B
AU Khokhlov, A
Dominguez, I
Bacon, C
Clifford, B
Baron, E
Hoeflich, P
Krisciunas, K
Suntzeff, N
Wane, L
AF Khokhlov, A.
Dominguez, I.
Bacon, C.
Clifford, B.
Baron, E.
Hoeflich, P.
Krisciunas, K.
Suntzeff, N.
Wane, L.
BE CapuzzoDolcetta, R
Limongi, M
Tornambe, A
TI Three-dimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Detonation with
alpha-Network: Numerical Method and Preliminary Results
SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS: METHODS, TOOLS AND OUTCOMES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advances in Computational Astrophysics - Methods, Tools,
and Outcomes
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Cefalu, ITALY
SP European Sci Fdn, Giancarlo Ruocco, Emanuele Giallongo
ID IA SUPERNOVAE
AB We describe a new astrophysical version of a cell-based adaptive mesh refinement code ALLA for reactive flow fluid dynamic simulations, including a new implementation of alpha-network nuclear kinetics, and present preliminary results of first three-dimensional simulations of incomplete carbon-oxygen detonation in Type Ia Supernovae.
C1 [Khokhlov, A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Dominguez, I.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teorica & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
[Bacon, C.] Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Clifford, B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
[Baron, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
[Hoeflich, P.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
[Krisciunas, K.; Suntzeff, N.; Wane, L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Khokhlov, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
FU NSF [AST0709181, AST-0707704, AST-0708855]; Spanish Ministry for
Education [AST-0708873, TG-AST090074]; National Plan [I+D+I 2008-3011];
Spanish Ministry for Science [AYA2008-04211-C02-02]; DOE Office of
Science [DE-SC0002594]; Argonne Leadership Computing Facility
[DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The work was carried out within the NSF project Collaborative research:
Three- Dimensional Simulations of Type Ia Supernovae: Constraining
Models with Observations, supported by the NSF grants AST0709181,
AST-0707704, AST-0708855(A.K.), AST-0708873, and TG-AST090074. I.D. was
supported by the Spanish Ministry for Education Mobility Programme
within the framework of the National Plan I+D+I 2008-3011, and Spanish
Ministry for Science an Innovation project AYA2008-04211-C02-02. The
authors are grateful for additional support through the DOE Office of
Science contract DE-SC0002594, and the resources of the Argonne
Leadership Computing Facility under DE-AC02-06CH11357. A.K. thanks
Stephane Blondin and Luc Dessard for numerous discussions.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-788-9
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 453
BP 107
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BBY35
UT WOS:000308675400017
ER
PT B
AU Chen, KJ
Heger, A
Almgren, A
AF Chen, K. J.
Heger, A.
Almgren, A.
BE CapuzzoDolcetta, R
Limongi, M
Tornambe, A
TI Multidimensional Simulations of Thermonuclear Supernovae from the First
Stars
SO ADVANCES IN COMPUTATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS: METHODS, TOOLS AND OUTCOMES
SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Advances in Computational Astrophysics - Methods, Tools,
and Outcomes
CY JUN 13-17, 2011
CL Cefalu, ITALY
SP European Sci Fdn, Giancarlo Ruocco, Emanuele Giallongo
ID POPULATION III; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES; BINARIES
AB Theoretical models suggest that the first stars in the universe could have been very massive, with typical masses greater than or similar to 100 M-circle dot. Many of them might have died as energetic thermonuclear explosions known as pair-instability supernovae (PSNe). We present multidimensional numerical simulations of PSNe with the new radiation-hydrodynamics code CASTRO. Our models capture all explosive burning and follow the explosion until the shock breaks out from the stellar surface. We find that fluid instabilities driven by oxygen and helium burning arise at the upper and lower boundaries of the oxygen shell similar to 20 - 100 sec after the explosion begins. Later, when the shock reaches the hydrogen envelope a strong reverse shock forms that rapidly develops additional Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. In red supergiant progenitors, the amplitudes of these instabilities are sufficient to mix the supernova's ejecta and alter its observational signature. Our results provide useful predictions for the detection of PSNe by forthcoming telescopes.
C1 [Chen, K. J.; Heger, A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
[Almgren, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chen, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
FU DOE SciDAC [DOE-FC02-01ER41176, DOE-FC02-06ER41438, DE-FC02- 09ER4161]
FX 1This work has been supported by the DOE SciDAC program under grants
DOE-FC02-01ER41176, DOE-FC02-06ER41438, and DE-FC02- 09ER4161. We are
also grateful for resources from the University of Minnesota
Supercomputing Institute.
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA
BN 978-1-58381-788-9
J9 ASTR SOC P
PY 2012
VL 453
BP 115
EP +
PG 2
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA BBY35
UT WOS:000308675400018
ER
PT J
AU Kang, SJ
Kim, JB
Chiu, CY
Ahn, S
Schiros, T
Lee, SS
Yager, KG
Toney, MF
Loo, YL
Nuckolls, C
AF Kang, Seok Ju
Kim, Jong Bok
Chiu, Chien-Yang
Ahn, Seokhoon
Schiros, Theanne
Lee, Stephanie S.
Yager, Kevin G.
Toney, Michael F.
Loo, Yueh-Lin
Nuckolls, Colin
TI A Supramolecular Complex in Small-Molecule Solar Cells based on
Contorted Aromatic Molecules
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE fullerenes; molecular electronics; organic semiconductors; organic solar
cells; supramolecular chemistry
ID NANOSCALE PHASE-SEPARATION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS;
EFFICIENCY; CRYSTALS; ORIGIN
C1 [Kang, Seok Ju; Chiu, Chien-Yang; Ahn, Seokhoon; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Kim, Jong Bok; Lee, Stephanie S.; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
[Schiros, Theanne] Columbia Univ, Columbia Energy Frontier Res Ctr EFRC, New York, NY 10027 USA.
[Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Toney, Michael F.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Nuckolls, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM cn37@columbia.edu
RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Kang, Seok Ju/B-6836-2015; Chiu,
Chien-Yang/O-8730-2014
OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Kang, Seok Ju/0000-0002-9921-6674;
FU Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale
Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-SC0001085]; FENA [2009-NT-2048]; ONR [N00014-11-10328]; NSF
[DMR-0819860]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This research was supported as part of the Center for Re-Defining
Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy
Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number
DE-SC0001085) and the FENA (Grant 2009-NT-2048). J.B.K., S. S. L., and
Y.L.L. also acknowledge funding by the Photovoltaics Program at ONR
(N00014-11-10328) and an NSF-sponsored MRSEC through the Princeton
Center for Complex Materials (DMR-0819860). Portions of this research
were carried out at beamline 11-3 at SSRL, a national user facility
operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and at the Center for
Functional Nano-materials, and beamline X-9 at BNL, which are supported
by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Chad Miller for assistance with
data collection.
NR 28
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SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 34
BP 8594
EP 8597
DI 10.1002/anie.201203330
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 989US
UT WOS:000307586900033
PM 22807341
ER
PT J
AU Ho, HA
Manna, K
Sadow, AD
AF Ho, Hung-An
Manna, Kuntal
Sadow, Aaron D.
TI Acceptorless Photocatalytic Dehydrogenation for Alcohol Decarbonylation
and Imine Synthesis
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE alcohols; dehydrogenation; homogeneous catalysis; imines; photochemistry
ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CATALYZED DECARBONYLATION; OXIDATIVE ADDITION;
METAL-COMPLEXES; MILD CONDITIONS; ALDEHYDES; DIOLS; ACTIVATION;
EFFICIENT; ASTERISK
C1 [Ho, Hung-An; Manna, Kuntal; Sadow, Aaron D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
[Ho, Hung-An; Manna, Kuntal; Sadow, Aaron D.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Sadow, AD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM sadow@iastate.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences through the Ames
Laboratory [DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
Biosciences through the Ames Laboratory (Contract No.
DE-AC02-07CH11358). Aaron D. Sadow is an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow.
NR 53
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U1 5
U2 75
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
EI 1521-3773
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 34
BP 8607
EP 8610
DI 10.1002/anie.201203556
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 989US
UT WOS:000307586900036
PM 22847764
ER
PT J
AU Fowlkes, J
Horton, S
Fuentes-Cabrera, M
Rack, PD
AF Fowlkes, Jason
Horton, Scott
Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel
Rack, Philip D.
TI Signatures of the Rayleigh-Plateau Instability Revealed by Imposing
Synthetic Perturbations on Nanometer-Sized Liquid Metals on Substrates
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE molecular dynamics; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; self-assembly; thin
films
ID EMBEDDED-ATOM METHOD; NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; SHORT-RANGE; DYNAMICS;
NANOSTRUCTURES; FILMS; STABILITY; SURFACES; SIO2
C1 [Fowlkes, Jason; Horton, Scott; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel; Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
[Horton, Scott] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA.
RP Rack, PD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM prack@utk.edu
RI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015;
OI Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079; Rack,
Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
Engineering Division; appointment under the Higher Education Research
Experience (HERE) program; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
[DE-AC05-06OR23100]
FX J.D.F, P. D. R., and M. F. C. acknowledge support from the U.S.
Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
Engineering Division for supporting the portions of this work related to
the design of molecular dynamics computational experiments and the
analysis/models describing the results. M. F. C. acknowledges the
computational resources of the UT/ORNL National Institute for
Computational Sciences. S. R. H. was supported by an appointment under
the Higher Education Research Experience (HERE) program, administered by
the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education under contract number
DE-AC05-06OR23100 between the U.S. Department of Energy and Oak Ridge
Associated Universities.
NR 44
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 41
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 35
BP 8768
EP 8772
DI 10.1002/anie.201202113
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 992NX
UT WOS:000307785700017
PM 22848010
ER
PT J
AU You, C
Myung, S
Zhang, YHP
AF You, Chun
Myung, Suwan
Zhang, Y. -H. Percival
TI Facilitated Substrate Channeling in a Self-Assembled Trifunctional
Enzyme Complex
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE biocatalysis; enzymes; enzyme cascades; metabolon; self-assembly
ID HIGH-YIELD; CELLULOSOME; FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE; SCAFFOLDS;
ALDOLASE; MARITIMA; PROTEIN; FUSION
C1 [You, Chun; Myung, Suwan; Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Tech, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
[Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] DOE BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
[Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Gate Fuels Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA.
RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM ypzhang@vt.edu
RI You, Chun/D-7656-2013
FU DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); DOE ARPA-E Petro project; College
of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bioprocessing; Biodesign Research
Center at Virginia Tech.
FX This work was supported partially by the DOE BioEnergy Science Center
(BESC) and DOE ARPA-E Petro project. This work was also partially
supported by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bioprocessing
and Biodesign Research Center at Virginia Tech.
NR 27
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PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 35
BP 8787
EP 8790
DI 10.1002/anie.201202441
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 992NX
UT WOS:000307785700021
PM 22821830
ER
PT J
AU Choi, SB
Furukawa, H
Nam, HJ
Jung, DY
Jhon, YH
Walton, A
Book, D
O'Keeffe, M
Yaghi, OM
Kim, J
AF Choi, Sang Beom
Furukawa, Hiroyasu
Nam, Hye Jin
Jung, Duk-Young
Jhon, Young Ho
Walton, Allan
Book, David
O'Keeffe, Michael
Yaghi, Omar M.
Kim, Jaheon
TI Reversible Interpenetration in a Metal-Organic Framework Triggered by
Ligand Removal and Addition
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE interpenetration; metal-organic frameworks; porosity; structural
transformation; zinc
ID COORDINATION POLYMER; SORPTION PROPERTIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE;
CARBON-DIOXIDE; CATENATION; FUNCTIONALITY; METHANE; STORAGE; DESIGN;
RINGS
C1 [Choi, Sang Beom; Jhon, Young Ho; Kim, Jaheon] Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 156743, South Korea.
[Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Nam, Hye Jin; Jung, Duk-Young] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Inst Basic Sci, Suwon 440746, South Korea.
[Nam, Hye Jin; Jung, Duk-Young] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sungkyunkwan Adv Inst Nanotechnol, Suwon 440746, South Korea.
[Walton, Allan; Book, David] Univ Birmingham, Sch Met & Mat, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England.
[O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
[Yaghi, Omar M.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Global Mentoring, Grad Sch EEWS WCU, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
RP Kim, J (reprint author), Soongsil Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 156743, South Korea.
EM jaheon@ssu.ac.kr
RI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/C-5910-2008;
OI Furukawa, Hiroyasu/0000-0002-6082-1738; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325
FU Hydrogen Energy R&D Center, one of the 21st Century Frontier R&D
Programs (the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea)
FX This work is supported by the Hydrogen Energy R&D Center, one of the
21st Century Frontier R&D Programs (the Ministry of Education, Science
and Technology of Korea to J.K.). We thank Jihye Yoon and Yoon Jeong Kim
for their experimental support, and Dr. Seung-Hoon Choi (Insilicotech
Co. Ltd.), Prof. Kimoon Kim (POSTECH), Dr. Hexiang Deng, Kyle Cordova
(UC Berkeley), and Dr. Carolyn B. Knobler (UCLA) for their valuable
comments.
NR 36
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PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
EI 1521-3773
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 35
BP 8791
EP 8795
DI 10.1002/anie.201202925
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 992NX
UT WOS:000307785700022
PM 22807234
ER
PT J
AU Wriedt, M
Sculley, JP
Yakovenko, AA
Ma, YG
Halder, GJ
Balbuena, PB
Zhou, HC
AF Wriedt, Mario
Sculley, Julian P.
Yakovenko, Andrey A.
Ma, Yuguang
Halder, Gregory J.
Balbuena, Perla B.
Zhou, Hong-Cai
TI Low-Energy Selective Capture of Carbon Dioxide by a Pre-designed Elastic
Single-Molecule Trap
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE CO2 capture; metal-organic frameworks; porous materials; X-ray
diffraction
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; CO2 CAPTURE; SEPARATION; ADSORPTION
C1 [Wriedt, Mario; Sculley, Julian P.; Yakovenko, Andrey A.; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
[Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ma, Yuguang; Balbuena, Perla B.] Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Zhou, HC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM zhou@chem.tamu.edu
RI EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Wriedt, Mario/B-5645-2011; Halder,
Gregory/C-5357-2013; Zhou, Hong-Cai/A-3009-2011; Stangl,
Kristin/D-1502-2015;
OI Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0002-9029-3788; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0003-0115-408X
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE DE-SC0001015, DE-AR0000073,
DE-AC02-06CH11357]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
FX Funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE DE-SC0001015
and DE-AR0000073). M. W. acknowledges the Postdoc Programme of the
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for his financial support.
Special thanks go to C. Nather from the University of Kiel (Germany) for
the crystallographic help on PCN-200-syn and A. Callejas-Tovar who
carried out the IAST calculations. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an
Office of Science User Facility operated for the U. S. Department of
Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was
supported by the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. In this
context we thank K. W. Chapman for her onsite help.
NR 33
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SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 39
BP 9804
EP 9808
DI 10.1002/anie.201202992
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 007KI
UT WOS:000308886800015
PM 22945893
ER
PT J
AU Choi, NS
Chen, ZH
Freunberger, SA
Ji, XL
Sun, YK
Amine, K
Yushin, G
Nazar, LF
Cho, J
Bruce, PG
AF Choi, Nam-Soon
Chen, Zonghai
Freunberger, Stefan A.
Ji, Xiulei
Sun, Yang-Kook
Amine, Khalil
Yushin, Gleb
Nazar, Linda F.
Cho, Jaephil
Bruce, Peter G.
TI Challenges Facing Lithium Batteries and Electrical Double-Layer
Capacitors
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Review
DE battery safety; electrical double-layer capacitors; energy storage;
Li-air battery; Li-S batteries
ID LI-ION BATTERIES; CARBON-NANOTUBE ELECTRODES; REDOX SHUTTLE ADDITIVES;
HIGH-ENERGY DENSITY; ELECTROCHEMICAL OVERCHARGE PROTECTION;
ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; SOLVENT-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES;
RECHARGEABLE LI-O-2 BATTERIES; COATED LINI0.5MN1.5O4 SPINEL;
GLASS-CERAMIC ELECTROLYTES
AB Energy-storage technologies, including electrical double-layer capacitors and rechargeable batteries, have attracted significant attention for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, bulk electricity storage at power stations, and load leveling of renewable sources, such as solar energy and wind power. Transforming lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors requires a step change in the science underpinning these devices, including the discovery of new materials, new electrochemistry, and an increased understanding of the processes on which the devices depend. The Review will consider some of the current scientific issues underpinning lithium batteries and electric double-layer capacitors.
C1 [Choi, Nam-Soon; Cho, Jaephil] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea.
[Freunberger, Stefan A.; Bruce, Peter G.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Chem, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland.
[Yushin, Gleb] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
[Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea.
[Chen, Zonghai; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
[Ji, Xiulei; Nazar, Linda F.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
RP Cho, J (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Interdisciplinary Sch Green Energy, Ulsan 689798, South Korea.
EM jpcho@unist.ac.kr; p.g.bruce@st-andrews.ac.uk
RI Cho, Jaephil/E-4265-2010; Ji, Xiulei/K-5675-2012; Freunberger,
Stefan/F-5221-2012; Yushin, Gleb/B-4529-2013; Sun,
Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine,
Khalil/K-9344-2013; Nazar, Linda/H-2736-2014; Choi, Nam-Soon/E-6083-2010
OI Freunberger, Stefan/0000-0003-2902-5319; Yushin,
Gleb/0000-0002-3274-9265; Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; Nazar,
Linda/0000-0002-3314-8197;
FU MKE (The Ministry of Knowledge Economy), Korea
[NIPA-2011-C1090-1100-0002]; Ministry of Education, Science and
Technology [2012K001251]; EPSRC; SUPERGEN; U.S. Department of Energy,
FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy by
UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Energy Efficiency & Resources
program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and
Planning (KETEP); Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy
[20118510010030]
FX This research was supported by the MKE (The Ministry of Knowledge
Economy), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center)
support program supervised by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion
Agency) (NIPA-2011-C1090-1100-0002) and by the Converging Research
Center Program through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
(2012K001251). P. G. B. and S. A. F. are indebted to the EPSRC and
SUPERGEN for financial support. Part of this research was funded by U.S.
Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office.
Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of
Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Part
of this research was supported by the Energy Efficiency & Resources
program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and
Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of
Knowledge Economy (20118510010030).
NR 394
TC 898
Z9 913
U1 213
U2 1795
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 40
BP 9994
EP 10024
DI 10.1002/anie.201201429
PG 31
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 011RE
UT WOS:000309181700007
PM 22965900
ER
PT J
AU Sciortino, NF
Scherl-Gruenwald, KR
Chastanet, G
Halder, GJ
Chapman, KW
Letard, JF
Kepert, CJ
AF Sciortino, Natasha F.
Scherl-Gruenwald, Katrin R.
Chastanet, Guillaume
Halder, Gregory J.
Chapman, Karena W.
Letard, Jean-Francois
Kepert, Cameron J.
TI Hysteretic Three-Step Spin Crossover in a Thermo- and Photochromic 3D
Pillared Hofmann-type Metal-Organic Framework
SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
LA English
DT Article
DE Hofmann framework; metal-organic frameworks; molecular electronics;
photophysics; spin crossover
ID PHOTOMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR MATERIALS; IRON(II) COMPLEXES;
TRANSITION; STATE; COMPOUND; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM
C1 [Sciortino, Natasha F.; Scherl-Gruenwald, Katrin R.; Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
[Chastanet, Guillaume; Letard, Jean-Francois] Univ Bordeaux 1, ICMCB, UPR CNRS 9048, F-33608 Pessac, France.
[Halder, Gregory J.; Chapman, Karena W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Kepert, CJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
EM c.kepert@sydney.edu.au
RI Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013;
OI Kepert, Cameron/0000-0002-6105-9706
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Australian Nanotechnology Network;
Endeavour Research Fellowship
FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. N.F.S. thanks to the Australian
Nanotechnology Network for financial support. K.R.G. thanks the
Endeavour Research Fellowship for financial support.
NR 46
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U1 7
U2 109
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PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1433-7851
J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT
JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.
PY 2012
VL 51
IS 40
BP 10154
EP 10158
DI 10.1002/anie.201204387
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 011RE
UT WOS:000309181700037
PM 22968968
ER
PT J
AU Setyan, A
Zhang, Q
Merkel, M
Knighton, WB
Sun, Y
Song, C
Shilling, JE
Onasch, TB
Herndon, SC
Worsnop, DR
Fast, JD
Zaveri, RA
Berg, LK
Wiedensohler, A
Flowers, BA
Dubey, MK
Subramanian, R
AF Setyan, A.
Zhang, Q.
Merkel, M.
Knighton, W. B.
Sun, Y.
Song, C.
Shilling, J. E.
Onasch, T. B.
Herndon, S. C.
Worsnop, D. R.
Fast, J. D.
Zaveri, R. A.
Berg, L. K.
Wiedensohler, A.
Flowers, B. A.
Dubey, M. K.
Subramanian, R.
TI Characterization of submicron particles influenced by mixed biogenic and
anthropogenic emissions using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry:
results from CARES
SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PONDEROSA PINE
PLANTATION; SIERRA-NEVADA MOUNTAINS; URBAN SUPERSITE T0; MEXICO-CITY;
SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PART 1; COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES; ELEMENTAL
COMPOSITION
AB An Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) that took place in northern California in June 2010. We present results obtained at Cool (denoted as the T1 site of the project) in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, where intense biogenic emissions are periodically mixed with urban outflow transported by daytime southwesterly winds from the Sacramento metropolitan area. During this study, the average mass loading of submicrometer particles (PM1) was 3.0 mu g m(-3), dominated by organics (80 %) and sulfate (9.9 %). The organic aerosol (OA) had a nominal formula of C1H1.38N0.004O0.44, thus an average organic mass-to-carbon (OM/OC) ratio of 1.70. Two distinct oxygenated OA factors were identified via Positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the high-resolution mass spectra of organics. The more oxidized MO-OOA (O/C = 0.54) was interpreted as a surrogate for secondary OA (SOA) influenced by biogenic emissions whereas the less oxidized LO-OOA (O/C=0.42) was found to represent SOA formed in photochemically processed urban emissions. LO-OOA correlated strongly with ozone and MO-OOA correlated well with two 1st generation isoprene oxidation products (methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone), indicating that both SOAs were relatively fresh. A hydrocarbon like OA (HOA) factor was also identified, representing primary emissions mainly due to local traffic. On average, SOA (= MO-OOA + LO-OOA) accounted for 91% of the total OA mass and 72% of the PM1 mass observed at Cool. Twenty three periods of urban plumes from T0 (Sacramento) to T1 (Cool) were identified using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). The average PM1 mass loading was considerably higher in urban plumes than in air masses dominated by biogenic SOA. The change in OA mass relative to CO (Delta OA/Delta CO) varied in the range of 5-196 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1), reflecting large variability in SOA production. The highest Delta OA/Delta CO was reached when air masses were dominated by anthropogenic emissions in the presence of a high concentration of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). This ratio, which was 97 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1) on average, was much higher than when urban plumes arrived in a low BVOC environment (similar to 36 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1)) or during other periods dominated by biogenic SOA (35 mu g m(-3) ppm(-1)). These results demonstrate that SOA formation is enhanced when anthropogenic emissions interact with biogenic precursors.
C1 [Setyan, A.; Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
[Merkel, M.; Wiedensohler, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
[Knighton, W. B.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
[Sun, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer & Atmosphe, Beijing, Peoples R China.
[Song, C.; Shilling, J. E.; Fast, J. D.; Zaveri, R. A.; Berg, L. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
[Onasch, T. B.; Herndon, S. C.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA.
[Flowers, B. A.; Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Subramanian, R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM dkwzhang@ucdavis.edu
RI Sun, Yele/F-1314-2010; Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Dubey,
Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Subramanian,
R/A-4913-2013; Setyan, Ari/C-4025-2011; Wiedensohler,
Alfred/D-1223-2013; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015;
Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016;
OI Sun, Yele/0000-0003-2354-0221; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X;
Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Subramanian,
R/0000-0002-5553-5913; Setyan, Ari/0000-0002-9078-6478; Wang,
ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Berg,
Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807
FU California Air Resource Board (CARB) [10-305]; Office of Science (BER),
US Department of Energy (DOE), Atmospheric System Research Program
[DE-FG02-11ER65293]; California Agricultural Experiment Station
[CA-D-ETX-2102-H]
FX This research was supported by the California Air Resource Board (CARB),
Agreement No. 10-305, the Office of Science (BER), US Department of
Energy (DOE), Atmospheric System Research Program, Grant No.
DE-FG02-11ER65293, and the California Agricultural Experiment Station
(Project CA-D-ETX-2102-H).
NR 110
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 4
U2 86
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1680-7316
EI 1680-7324
J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS
JI Atmos. Chem. Phys.
PY 2012
VL 12
IS 17
BP 8131
EP 8156
DI 10.5194/acp-12-8131-2012
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA 005MF
UT WOS:000308753800017
ER
PT J
AU Reilly, SD
Gaunt, AJ
Scott, BL
Modolo, G
Iqbal, M
Verboom, W
Sarsfield, MJ
AF Reilly, Sean D.
Gaunt, Andrew J.
Scott, Brian L.
Modolo, Giuseppe
Iqbal, Mudassir
Verboom, Willem
Sarsfield, Mark J.
TI Plutonium(IV) complexation by diglycolamide ligands-coordination
chemistry insight into TODGA-based actinide separations
SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTRACTANTS; DIAMIDE
AB Complexation of Pu(IV) with TMDGA, TEDGA, and TODGA diglycolamide ligands was followed by vis-NIR spectroscopy. A crystal structure determination reveals that TMDGA forms a 1 : 3 homoleptic Pu(IV) complex with the nitrate anions forced into the outer coordination sphere.
C1 [Reilly, Sean D.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Scott, Brian L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Modolo, Giuseppe] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy Res Safety Res & Reactor Technol, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
[Iqbal, Mudassir; Verboom, Willem] Univ Twente, Lab Mol Nanofabricat, MESA Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.
[Sarsfield, Mark J.] Natl Nucl Lab, Cent Lab, Sellafield CA20 1PG, Seascale, England.
RP Gaunt, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM gaunt@lanl.gov
RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017;
OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Gaunt, Andrew/0000-0001-9679-6020;
Modolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6490-5595
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Early Career Research
Program [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX S.D.R. and A.J.G. thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Science, Early Career Research Program (contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) for
the Pu work which was conducted at LANL. M.I. thanks the Higher
Education Commission of Pakistan for ligand syntheses work at the
University of Twente. M.J.S. and G.M. thank the European Framework
'ACSEPT' project.
NR 11
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 39
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1359-7345
J9 CHEM COMMUN
JI Chem. Commun.
PY 2012
VL 48
IS 78
BP 9732
EP 9734
DI 10.1039/c2cc34967a
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 000UM
UT WOS:000308414500015
PM 22914808
ER
PT S
AU Cui, XH
Gasior, W
Beaver, J
Treadwell, J
AF Cui, Xiaohui
Gasior, Wade
Beaver, Justin
Treadwell, Jim
BE Murgante, B
Gervasi, O
Misra, S
Nedjah, N
Rocha, AMAC
Taniar, D
Apduhan, BO
TI ShadowNet: An Active Defense Infrastructure for Insider Cyber Attack
Prevention
SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2012, PT IV
SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its
Applications (ICCSA)
CY JUN 18-21, 2012
CL Salvador de Bahia, BRAZIL
SP Univ Fed Bahia (UFBA), Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia (UFRB), Univ Estadual Feira Santana (UEFS), Univ Perugia, Univ Basilicata (UB), Monash Univ, Kyushu Sangyo Univ (KSU), Brazilian Comp Soc, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Super (CAPES), Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev (CNPq), Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Bahia (FAPESB), Bahia Governo, Secretaria Ciencia, Tecnologia & Inovacao
AB The ShadowNet infrastructure for insider cyber attack prevention is comprised of a tiered server system that is able to dynamically redirect dangerous/suspicious network traffic away from production servers that provide web, ftp, database and other vital services to cloned virtual machines in a quarantined environment. This is done transparently from the point of view of both the attacker and normal users. Existing connections, such as SSH sessions, are not interrupted. Any malicious activity performed by the attacker on a quarantined server is not reflected on the production server. The attacker is provided services from the quarantined server, which creates the impression that the attacks performed are successful. The activities of the attacker on the quarantined system are able to be recorded much like a honeypot system for forensic analysis.
C1 [Cui, Xiaohui; Beaver, Justin; Treadwell, Jim] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
[Gasior, Wade] Univ Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN USA.
RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
EM cuix@ornl.gov; wadegasior@gmail.com; beaverjm@ornl.gov;
treadwelljn@ornl.gov
OI Beaver, Justin/0000-0002-0281-6017
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory LDRD program; UTBattelle, LLC; U.S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported in part by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
LDRD program.This manuscript has been authored by UTBattelle, LLC, under
contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN
PI BERLIN
PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0302-9743
BN 978-3-642-31127-7; 978-3-642-31128-4
J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC
PY 2012
VL 7336
BP 646
EP 653
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science,
Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA BBU89
UT WOS:000308289700048
ER
PT J
AU Olson, TY
Orme, CA
Han, TYJ
Worsley, MA
Rose, KA
Satcher, JH
Kuntz, JD
AF Olson, Tammy Y.
Orme, Christine A.
Han, T. Yong-Jin
Worsley, Marcus A.
Rose, Klint A.
Satcher, Joe H., Jr.
Kuntz, Joshua D.
TI Shape control synthesis of fluorapatite structures based on
supersaturation: prismatic nanowires, ellipsoids, star, and aggregate
formation
SO CRYSTENGCOMM
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; MORPHOLOGY CONTROL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION;
HYDROXYAPATITE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANORODS; CRYSTALS; APATITE
AB Fluorapatite nanostructures of various shapes (prismatic, ellipsoidal, star, and aggregate) were synthesized and their structures correlated with the supersaturation of the system. Reagent concentration and pH were adjusted and the change in supersaturation was simulated by the Geochemist's Workbench (R) software and the MINTEQ database. A higher pH caused changes to the FAP surface charge and was shown to be the dominant force behind aggregate formation. This led to nanorod aggregates and when combined with an increase in reagent concentration, FAP stars were generated. Increasing reaction temperature (room temperature to 100 degrees C) allowed release of calcium by the chelating agent, EDTA, which steadily increased the supersaturation as demonstrated by simulation. This condition led to ellipsoidal nanorods. As the crystal growth continued with an increasing reaction temperature of up to 150 degrees C, ellipsoidal nanorods transformed to prismatic nanowires. This transformation was explained by the decreasing supersaturation of the system as the growth nutrients were consumed. Microwave irradiation, the role of fluorite, and control of monodispersity for the FAP synthesis are also discussed.
C1 [Olson, Tammy Y.; Orme, Christine A.; Han, T. Yong-Jin; Worsley, Marcus A.; Rose, Klint A.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.; Kuntz, Joshua D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Olson, TY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-235, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM olson43@llnl.gov
RI Orme, Christine/A-4109-2009; Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014
OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727
FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
[DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development
Program at LLNL [09-ERD-029, 11-SI-005]
FX This work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
The project was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and
Development Program at LLNL (09-ERD-029 and 11-SI-005). We thank Drs.
Andrew J. Pascall and Kyle T. Sullivan for their helpful discussions.
NR 31
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 29
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 1466-8033
J9 CRYSTENGCOMM
JI Crystengcomm
PY 2012
VL 14
IS 20
BP 6384
EP 6389
DI 10.1039/c2ce25711d
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA 006NY
UT WOS:000308827100009
ER
PT S
AU Firouzdor, V
Wilson, L
Sridharan, K
Semerau, B
Hauch, B
Brechtl, J
Cole, JI
Allen, TR
AF Firouzdor, Vahid
Wilson, Lucas
Sridharan, Kumar
Semerau, Brandon
Hauch, Benjamin
Brechtl, Jamieson
Cole, James I.
Allen, Todd R.
BE Boccaccini, AR
VanDerBiest, O
Clasen, R
Dickerson, JH
TI Development of Diffusion Barrier Coatings for Mitigation of
Fuel-Cladding Chemical Interactions
SO ELECTROPHORETIC DEPOSITION: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IV
SE Key Engineering Materials
LA English
DT Proceedings Paper
CT 4th International Conference on Electrophoretic Deposition: Fundamentals
and Applications
CY OCT 02-07, 2011
CL Puerto Vallarta, MEXICO
SP Engn Conf Int
DE Fuel Cladding Chemical Interactions; Electrophoretic deposition; TiO2;
Yttria-stabilized Zirconia; V2O3
AB Fuel Cladding Chemical Interactions (FCCI) in a nuclear reactor occur due to thermal and radiation enhanced inter-diffusion between the cladding and fuel materials, and can have the detrimental effects of reducing the effective cladding wall thickness and the formation of low melting point eutectic compounds. Deposition of diffusion barrier coatings of a thin oxide on the inner surface of the cladding can potentially reduce or delay the onset of FCCI. This study examines the feasibility of using nanofluid-based electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process to deposit coatings of titanium oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and vanadium oxide. The deposition parameters, including the nanofluid composition, current, and voltage were optimized for each coating material using test flat substrates of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel. Diffusion characteristics of the coatings were investigated by diffusion couple experiments using the fuel surrogate cerium. These diffusion couple studies performed in the temperature range of 560 degrees C and 585 degrees C showed that the oxide coatings significantly reduce the solid state inter-diffusion between cerium to steel.
C1 [Firouzdor, Vahid; Wilson, Lucas; Sridharan, Kumar; Semerau, Brandon; Hauch, Benjamin; Brechtl, Jamieson; Allen, Todd R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
[Cole, James I.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA.
RP Sridharan, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM firouzdor@wisc.edu; kumar@engr.wisc.edu
OI Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259; Cole, James/0000-0003-1178-5846
FU U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Program
[DE-AC07-05IO 14517]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of
Energy Nuclear Energy University Program (Contract No. DE-AC07-05IO
14517
NR 6
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 15
PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
PI DURNTEN-ZURICH
PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND
SN 1013-9826
J9 KEY ENG MATER
PY 2012
VL 507
BP 3
EP +
DI 10.4028/wwwscientific.net/KEM507.3
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA BBX62
UT WOS:000308567500001
ER
PT J
AU Seidel, J
Yang, SY
Alarcon-Llado, E
Ager, JW
Ramesh, R
AF Seidel, J.
Yang, S-Y
Alarcon-Llado, E.
Ager, J. W., III
Ramesh, R.
TI Nanoscale Probing of High Photovoltages at 109 degrees Domain Walls
SO FERROELECTRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Domain boundary; photovoltaic; multiferroic; ferroelectricity; scanning
probe methods
ID FERROELECTRICS
AB We report the direct observation of nanoscale photovoltaic current-voltage properties associated with directional steps of the electrostatic potential at 109 degrees domain walls in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films with highly ordered ferroelectric stripe domains. The unidirectional photovoltaic effect along the net-in-plane polarization direction is shown to exhibit anomalies at the micro- and nanoscale due to local differences in mesoscopic domain structure. Very high initial photovoltages for small electrode spacings are observed using a conductive AFM tip as one of the electrodes in photovoltaic I-V measurements.
C1 [Seidel, J.; Alarcon-Llado, E.; Ager, J. W., III; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Seidel, J.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Seidel, J.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
[Yang, S-Y; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Alarcon-Llado, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
RP Seidel, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jseidel@berkeley.edu
RI Alarcon Llado, Esther/I-5583-2015;
OI Alarcon Llado, Esther/0000-0001-7317-9863; Ager,
Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751
NR 16
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 31
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0015-0193
J9 FERROELECTRICS
JI Ferroelectrics
PY 2012
VL 433
BP 123
EP 126
DI 10.1080/00150193.2012.678156
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA 007AW
UT WOS:000308862200015
ER
PT J
AU Zhu, JL
Lin, ZJ
Zhang, JZ
Xu, HW
Vogel, SC
Jin, CQ
Zhao, YS
AF Zhu, Jinlong
Lin, Zhijun
Zhang, Jianzhong
Xu, Hongwu
Vogel, Sven C.
Jin, Changqing
Zhao, Yusheng
TI High pressure neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies of
tetragonal LaFeAsO0.9F0.1
SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE neutron diffraction; high pressure; iron-based superconductivity;
isostructure transition
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DIFFRACTOMETER; CRYSTAL; LIFEAS; HIPPO
AB We studied polycrystalline tetragonal LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 up to 9 GPa using time-of-flight neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Consistent with previous studies, the layer-structured LaFeAsO0.9F0.1 has a bulk modulus of 74-79 GPa, with the c-axis being twice as compressible as the a-axis. The refined structural parameters under pressure show non-monotonic variation with kink points at 4 GPa, well correlating with a maximum superconducting temperature (Tc) of 43 K previously reported for LaFeAsO0.9F0.1. At this pressure, however, both the As-Fe-As bond angle and anion height from the Fe layers deviate substantially from the respective ideal values of 109.47 degrees and 1.38 angstrom for a regular FeAs4 tetrahedron. These findings indicate that the correlation between the maximum Tc and the geometry of conductive Fe-As layers is material dependent and may also be sensitive to atomic doping in the parent Fe-based superconductors.
C1 [Zhu, Jinlong; Lin, Zhijun; Zhang, Jianzhong; Xu, Hongwu; Vogel, Sven C.; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE & EES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Zhu, Jinlong; Jin, Changqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
[Zhao, Yusheng] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA.
RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE & EES Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jzhang@lanl.gov; jin@iphy.ac.cn; ysheng.zhao@unlv.edu
RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Lin, Zhijun/A-5543-2010;
OI Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782;
Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; US
Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences; NSF; US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]; COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties
Research in Earth Sciences under NSF [EAR 01-35554]; MOST
FX This work was supported by the laboratory-directed research and
development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is
operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No.
DE-AC52-06NA25396. The high pressure neutron experiment has benefited
from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos
Neutron Science Center, which is funded by the US Department of Energy's
Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The work at IOPCAS was supported by NSF
& MOST through the research projects. Use of the National Synchrotron
Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The use of the X17B2
beamline was supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials
Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement
EAR 01-35554.
NR 34
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 12
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0895-7959
J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES
JI High Pressure Res.
PY 2012
VL 32
IS 3
BP 405
EP 411
DI 10.1080/08957959.2012.710234
PG 7
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA 010VC
UT WOS:000309121500008
ER
PT J
AU Honig, KA
Fule, PZ
AF Honig, Kristen A.
Fule, Peter Z.
TI Simulating effects of climate change and ecological restoration on fire
behaviour in a south-western USA ponderosa pine forest
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE
LA English
DT Article
DE diameter caps; general circulation models; greenhouse gas emission
scenarios; Pinus ponderosa; wildfire
ID WILDLAND FIRE; FUEL TREATMENT; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; CONIFEROUS
FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; GRAND-CANYON; WILDFIRE; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION
AB Global climate change has the potential to affect future wildfire activity, particularly in south-western USA ponderosa pine forests that have been substantially altered by land-use practices and aggressive fire suppression. Using two regional general circulation models for the A1B greenhouse gas emission scenario, Australia's CSIRO:MK3 and Germany's MPIM:ECHAM5, we predicted fire behaviour under the 80th, 90th and 97th percentiles of future fire-weather conditions at a study site on the Kaibab National Forest, Arizona. We then altered the fuel structure by simulating alternative ecological restoration treatments: a full treatment (FULL), a full treatment with a 40.6-cm-diameter restriction on tree removal (16 '' CAP) and a full treatment with a 25.4-cm-diameter restriction on tree removal (10 '' CAP). Model results show that differences in fire weather (temperature and fuel moistures) expected by the end of the 21st century were not influential enough to alter fire behaviour significantly, but treatments did significantly reduce severe burning. Alteration of fuel structure through the 16 '' CAP and FULL ecological restoration treatments caused significant declines in fire behaviour and crown fire activity under all climate scenarios. The 10 '' CAP substantially reduced treatment effectiveness.
C1 [Honig, Kristen A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
[Fule, Peter Z.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
RP Honig, KA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM khonig@lanl.gov
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory
FX Thanks to Crystal Krause, Kirsten Ironside, Kathryn Ireland, Robert
Keane, Steven Honig, Steven Overby, Joanie Lawrence, Brent Wachter,
Randy Balice, Mark Manone, Alan Lew and the Ecological Restoration
Institute. K. Honig was funded by Los Alamos National Laboratory.
NR 52
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 25
PU CSIRO PUBLISHING
PI COLLINGWOOD
PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA
SN 1049-8001
J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE
JI Int. J. Wildland Fire
PY 2012
VL 21
IS 6
BP 731
EP 742
DI 10.1071/WF11082
PG 12
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA 003ZY
UT WOS:000308651100009
ER
PT J
AU Xiang, CC
Li, M
Zhi, MJ
Manivannan, A
Wu, NQ
AF Xiang, Chengcheng
Li, Ming
Zhi, Mingjia
Manivannan, Ayyakkannu
Wu, Nianqiang
TI Reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide composites for supercapacitor
electrodes: shape and coupling effects
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; IRON-OXIDE; CARBON;
PERFORMANCE; FILMS; TIO2; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES
AB TiO2 nanobelts (NBs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have been coupled with the chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to form nanocomposites which are used as supercapacitor electrodes. The specific capacitance of rGO-TiO2 composites is higher than that of monolithic rGO, TiO2 NPs or NBs. The optimal electrochemical performance is achieved with the rGO-TiO2 composites at a rGO : TiO2 mass ratio of 7 : 3. In addition, the rGO-TiO2 NBs exhibit better performance than the rGO-TiO2 NPs in terms of specific capacitance, rate capability, energy density and power density. The specific capacitances of rGO-TiO2 NBs and rGO-TiO2 NPs with a mass ratio of 7 : 3 are 225 F g(-1) and 62.8 F g(-1) at a discharge current density of 0.125 A g(-1), respectively. The better performance of the rGO-TiO2 NBs is attributed to the nanobelt's unique shape, better charge transport property and larger area of contact with the rGO nanosheet.
C1 [Xiang, Chengcheng; Li, Ming; Zhi, Mingjia; Wu, Nianqiang] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, WVNano Initiat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Xiang, Chengcheng] W Virginia Univ, Dept Ind & Management Syst Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
[Xiang, Chengcheng; Zhi, Mingjia; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
RP Wu, NQ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, WVNano Initiat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA.
EM nick.wu@mail.wvu.edu
RI Zhi, Mingjia/A-6866-2010; Wu, Nianqiang/B-9798-2015; Li,
Ming/D-5108-2011
OI Zhi, Mingjia/0000-0002-4291-0809; Wu, Nianqiang/0000-0002-8888-2444; Li,
Ming/0000-0002-2289-0222
FU DOE/NETL [DE-FE0010467]; Research Challenge Grant from the State of West
Virginia [EPS08-01]; West Virginia University Research Corporation; West
Virginia EPSCoR Office
FX This work was supported by the DOE/NETL (DE-FE0010467). The resource and
facilities used were partially supported by a Research Challenge Grant
from the State of West Virginia (EPS08-01), the West Virginia University
Research Corporation and the West Virginia EPSCoR Office.
NR 43
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U1 11
U2 182
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0959-9428
J9 J MATER CHEM
JI J. Mater. Chem.
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 36
BP 19161
EP 19167
DI 10.1039/c2jm33177b
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 992PE
UT WOS:000307790300065
ER
PT J
AU Bocharova, V
Zavalov, O
MacVittie, K
Arugula, MA
Guz, NV
Dokukin, ME
Halamek, J
Sokolov, I
Privman, V
Katz, E
AF Bocharova, Vera
Zavalov, Oleksandr
MacVittie, Kevin
Arugula, Mary A.
Guz, Nataliia V.
Dokukin, Maxim E.
Halamek, Jan
Sokolov, Igor
Privman, Vladimir
Katz, Evgeny
TI A biochemical logic approach to biomarker-activated drug release
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES; RESPONSIVE CONTROLLED-RELEASE; L-LYSINE
MICROCAPSULES; CONTROLLED DELIVERY; POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYERS;
ALGINATE MICROCAPSULES; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; PROTEIN RELEASE;
CAPSULES; HYDROGELS
AB The present study aims at integrating drug-releasing materials with signal-processing biocomputing systems. Enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)-biomarkers for liver injury-were logically processed by a biocatalytic cascade realizing a Boolean AND gate. Citrate produced in the system was used to trigger a drug-mimicking release from alginate microspheres. In order to differentiate low vs. high concentration signals, the microspheres were coated with a protective shell composed of layer-by-layer adsorbed poly(L-lysine) and alginate. The alginate core of the microspheres was prepared from Fe3+-cross-linked alginate loaded with rhodamine 6G dye mimicking a drug. Dye release from the core occurred only when both biomarkers, ALT and AST, appeared at their high pathophysiological concentrations jointly indicative of liver injury. The signal-triggered response was studied at the level of a single microsphere, yielding information on the dye release kinetics.
C1 [Zavalov, Oleksandr; Guz, Nataliia V.; Dokukin, Maxim E.; Sokolov, Igor; Privman, Vladimir] Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
[Bocharova, Vera; MacVittie, Kevin; Arugula, Mary A.; Halamek, Jan; Katz, Evgeny] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
[Bocharova, Vera] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Sokolov, I (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Phys, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA.
EM isokolov@clarkson.edu; privman@clarkson.edu; ekatz@clarkson.edu
RI Sokolov, Igor/A-6858-2009
OI Sokolov, Igor/0000-0001-6260-4326
FU NSF [CBET-1066531]
FX This work was supported by the NSF (award # CBET-1066531).
NR 98
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U1 5
U2 77
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0959-9428
J9 J MATER CHEM
JI J. Mater. Chem.
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 37
BP 19709
EP 19717
DI 10.1039/c2jm32966b
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 996OK
UT WOS:000308099900046
ER
PT J
AU Nolis, GM
Omenya, F
Zhang, RB
Fang, B
Upreti, S
Chernova, NA
Wang, F
Graetz, J
Hu, YY
Grey, CP
Whittingham, MS
AF Nolis, Gene M.
Omenya, Fredrick
Zhang, Ruibo
Fang, Bin
Upreti, Shailesh
Chernova, Natasha A.
Wang, Feng
Graetz, Jason
Hu, Yan-Yan
Grey, Clare P.
Whittingham, M. Stanley
TI Structure, defects and thermal stability of delithiated olivine
phosphates
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CATHODE
MATERIALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE-STABILITY; LIFEPO4; LIMNPO4; FEPO4;
FORM
AB Studies of thermal decomposition mechanism of olivine Fe1-yMnyPO4 are reported here for inert (He), oxidizing (O-2) and oxidizing and moist (air) atmospheres using in situ X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis with mass spectroscopy. The results indicate that the olivine structure is inherently stable up to at least 400 degrees C and y = 0.9 for particle size down to 50 nm. However, structural disorder and oxygen loss in the presence of reductive impurities, e. g. carbon and hydrogen, can occur as low as 250 degrees C for particles larger than 100 nm and at 150 degrees C for 50 nm particles. Fe1-yMnyPO4 is hygroscopic at high Mn contents, y >= 0.6, and moisture exposure is more detrimental to its thermal stability than carbon or small particle size. Nano-Fe1-yMnyPO4 (y > 0.7) with particle size about 50 nm, when exposed to moisture, disorders at 150 degrees C and transforms to sarcopside phase by 300 degrees C, no matter whether the delithiation was done electrochemically or chemically. Contrary, under inert atmosphere the sample produced by chemical delithiation is stable up to 400 degrees C.
C1 [Nolis, Gene M.; Omenya, Fredrick; Zhang, Ruibo; Fang, Bin; Upreti, Shailesh; Chernova, Natasha A.; Whittingham, M. Stanley] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.
[Nolis, Gene M.; Omenya, Fredrick; Zhang, Ruibo; Fang, Bin; Upreti, Shailesh; Chernova, Natasha A.; Whittingham, M. Stanley] SUNY Binghamton, Engn Program, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.
[Wang, Feng; Graetz, Jason] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Hu, Yan-Yan; Grey, Clare P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England.
[Hu, Yan-Yan; Grey, Clare P.; Whittingham, M. Stanley] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Whittingham, MS (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA.
EM stanwhit@gmail.com
RI Hu, Yan-Yan/A-1795-2015; Zhang, Ruibo/B-4659-2015; Wang,
Feng/C-1443-2016
OI Hu, Yan-Yan/0000-0003-0677-5897; Wang, Feng/0000-0003-4068-9212
FU NorthEastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier
Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and
Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001294]; U. S. Department of
Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This research is supported as part of the NorthEastern Center for
Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by
the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic
Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001294. Use of the National
Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported
by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of TEM facilities
at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank
Archit Lal and Robert Dobbs of Primet Precision Materials, Inc. for
providing nano-LiFe1-yMnyPO4 sample for
this work, and we would like to extend our gratitude to Archit Lal for
stimulating discussions and helpful suggestions.
NR 32
TC 10
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U1 5
U2 81
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
ENGLAND
SN 0959-9428
J9 J MATER CHEM
JI J. Mater. Chem.
PY 2012
VL 22
IS 38
BP 20482
EP 20489
DI 10.1039/c2jm33183g
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA 004CV
UT WOS:000308658600055
ER
PT J
AU Bergdall, AR
Kraft, JM
Andes, K
Carter, M
Hatfield-Timajchy, K
Hock-Long, L
AF Bergdall, Anna R.
Kraft, Joan Marie
Andes, Karen
Carter, Marion
Hatfield-Timajchy, Kendra
Hock-Long, Linda
TI Love and Hooking Up in the New Millennium: Communication Technology and
Relationships among Urban African American and Puerto Rican Young Adults
SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; RISK; INTERNET; SEX; ADOLESCENTS;
PARTNERS; DISEASES; COUPLES; ONLINE; HIV
AB Communication technology is a central feature of young people's lives, but its role in romantic and sexual relationships has not been thoroughly examined. This article describes how young adults use communication technology for partnering across relationship stages (formation, maintenance, and dissolution) and types (serious/casual), and proposes implications of usage in relationships. This study analyzed qualitative data from a five-week, prospective, coital diary method with related debriefing interviews (N = 70) of African American and Puerto Rican men and women aged 18 to 25 years in Hartford and Philadelphia. Cell phones, including calls, text messaging, and mobile Internet, were the most common forms of communication technology used for partnering goals. Participants reported using cell phones to pursue partnering goals across all relationship stages, including formation (meeting, screening, and getting to know new partners), maintaining existing relationships, and breaking up. Cell phone uses depended on the type of relationship (serious/casual) and the participants' intentions and desires. Results indicated that cell phones are an important element of communication among young adults in romantic and sexual relationships. Specific features of cell phone communication shape the process and context of partnering. Future research should explore emerging communication technologies and implications for psychosocial development, dating violence, and sexual behavior.
C1 [Bergdall, Anna R.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
[Andes, Karen] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Bergdall, AR (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM abergdall@cdc.gov
FU PHS HHS [U58/CCU123064, U58/CCU323065]
NR 29
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U1 2
U2 31
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0022-4499
J9 J SEX RES
JI J. Sex Res.
PY 2012
VL 49
IS 6
BP 570
EP 582
DI 10.1080/00224499.2011.604748
PG 13
WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 008WA
UT WOS:000308986100005
PM 21854226
ER
PT J
AU Bishop, GA
Schuchmann, BG
Stedman, DH
Lawson, DR
AF Bishop, Gary A.
Schuchmann, Brent G.
Stedman, Donald H.
Lawson, Douglas R.
TI Multispecies remote sensing measurements of vehicle emissions on Sherman
Way in Van Nuys, California
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MOBILE SOURCE EMISSIONS; AMMONIA
AB As part of the 2010 Van Nuys tunnel study, researchers from the University of Denver measured on-road fuel-specific light-duty vehicle emissions from nearly 13,000 vehicles on Sherman Way (0.4 miles west of the tunnel) in Van Nuys, California, with its multispecies Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test (FEAT) remote sensor a week ahead of the tunnel measurements. The remote sensing mean gram per kilogram carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxide of nitrogen (NOx) measurements are 8.9% lower, 41% higher, and 24% higher than the tunnel measurements, respectively. The remote sensing CO/NOx and HC/NOx mass ratios are 28% lower and 20% higher than the comparable tunnel ratios. Comparisons with the historical tunnel measurements show large reductions in CO, HC, and NOx over the past 23 yr, but little change in the HC/NOx mass ratio since 1995. The fleet CO and HC emissions are increasingly dominated by a few gross emitters, with more than a third of the total emissions being contributed by less than 1% of the fleet. An example of this is a 1995 vehicle measured three times with an average HC emission of 419 g/kg fuel (two-stroke snowmobiles average 475 g/kg fuel), responsible for 4% of the total HC emissions. The 2008 economic downturn dramatically reduced the number of new vehicles entering the fleet, leading to an age increase (>1 model year) of the Sherman Way fleet that has increased the fleet's ammonia (NH3) emissions. The mean NH3 levels appear little changed from previous measurements collected in the Van Nuys tunnel in 1993. Comparisons between weekday and weekend data show few fleet differences, although the fraction of light-duty diesel vehicles decreased from the weekday (1.7%) to Saturday (1.2%) and Sunday (0.6%).
C1 [Bishop, Gary A.; Schuchmann, Brent G.; Stedman, Donald H.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
[Lawson, Douglas R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Bishop, GA (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80208 USA.
EM gbishop@du.edu
RI Bishop, Gary/E-6994-2015
OI Bishop, Gary/0000-0003-0136-997X
FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [AEV-8-88609-01]; U.S. Department
of Energy Office of Vehicle Technologies
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding and support received from
the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under subcontract
AEV-8-88609-01. This program has been supported by the U.S. Department
of Energy Office of Vehicle Technologies, Dr. James Eberhardt, Chief
Scientist.
NR 23
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U1 4
U2 24
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1096-2247
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 10
BP 1127
EP 1133
DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.699015
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 010WL
UT WOS:000309125100003
PM 23155859
ER
PT J
AU Fujita, EM
Campbell, DE
Zielinska, B
Chow, JC
Lindhjem, CE
DenBleyker, A
Bishop, GA
Schuchmann, BG
Stedman, DH
Lawson, DR
AF Fujita, Eric M.
Campbell, David E.
Zielinska, Barbara
Chow, Judith C.
Lindhjem, Christian E.
DenBleyker, Allison
Bishop, Gary A.
Schuchmann, Brent G.
Stedman, Donald H.
Lawson, Douglas R.
TI Comparison of the MOVES2010a, MOBILE6.2, and EMFAC2007 mobile source
emission models with on-road traffic tunnel and remote sensing
measurements
SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID COAST AIR BASIN; LIGHT CRUDE-OIL; BIOMARKER COMPOUNDS; MOTOR-VEHICLES;
GC-MS; IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; QUANTITATION; GASOLINE; WEEKDAY
AB The Desert Research Institute conducted an on-road mobile source emission study at a traffic tunnel in Van Nuys, California, in August 2010 to measure fleet-averaged, fuel-based emission factors. The study also included remote sensing device (RSD) measurements by the University of Denver of 13,000 vehicles near the tunnel. The tunnel and RSD fleet-averaged emission factors were compared in blind fashion with the corresponding modeled factors calculated by ENVIRON International Corporation using U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) MOVES2010a (Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) and MOBILE6.2 mobile source emission models, and California Air Resources Board's (CARB's) EMFAC2007 (EMission FACtors) emission model. With some exceptions, the fleet-averaged tunnel, RSD, and modeled carbon monoxide (CO) and oxide of nitrogen (NOx) emission factors were in reasonable agreement (+/- 25%). The nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emission factors (specifically the running evaporative emissions) predicted by MOVES were insensitive to ambient temperature as compared with the tunnel measurements and the MOBILE- and EMFAC-predicted emission factors, resulting in underestimation of the measured NMHC/NOx ratios at higher ambient temperatures. Although predicted NMHC/NOx ratios are in good agreement with the measured ratios during cooler sampling periods, the measured NMHC/NOx ratios are 3.1, 1.7, and 1.4 times higher than those predicted by the MOVES, MOBILE, and EMFAC models, respectively, during high-temperature periods. Although the MOVES NOx emission factors were generally higher than the measured factors, most differences were not significant considering the variations in the modeled factors using alternative vehicle operating cycles to represent the driving conditions in the tunnel. The three models predicted large differences in NOx and particle emissions and in the relative contributions of diesel and gasoline vehicles to total NOx and particulate carbon (TC) emissions in the tunnel.
C1 [Fujita, Eric M.; Campbell, David E.; Zielinska, Barbara; Chow, Judith C.] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
[Lindhjem, Christian E.; DenBleyker, Allison] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA USA.
[Bishop, Gary A.; Schuchmann, Brent G.; Stedman, Donald H.] Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO USA.
[Lawson, Douglas R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Fujita, EM (reprint author), Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA.
EM Eric.Fujita@dri.edu
RI Bishop, Gary/E-6994-2015
OI Bishop, Gary/0000-0003-0136-997X
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Vehicle Technologies through
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
FX This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of
Vehicle Technologies (Dr. James Eberhardt, Chief Scientist) through the
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We thank the staff of the Air
Quality and Modeling Center of the U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and
Air Quality for their review of the draft manuscript and for providing
additional model calculations. The authors thank the following DRI
personnel for their assistance with sample analysis: Anna Cunningham and
Mark McDaniel for organic speciation analysis, and Steven Kohl, Ed
Hackett, and Brenda Cristani for analysis of inorganic species. We also
acknowledge the assistance of Andy Chew of Andy's Automotive for
processing the video recordings of traffic through the Van Nuys tunnel.
NR 27
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U1 6
U2 67
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1096-2247
J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE
JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc.
PY 2012
VL 62
IS 10
BP 1134
EP 1149
DI 10.1080/10962247.2012.699016
PG 16
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology &
Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
Sciences
GA 010WL
UT WOS:000309125100004
PM 23155860
ER
PT J
AU Chen, GY
Hai, B
Shukla, AK
Duncan, H
AF Chen, Guoying
Hai, Bin
Shukla, Alpesh K.
Duncan, Hugues
TI Impact of Initial Li Content on Kinetics and Stabilities of Layered
Li1+x(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)(1-x)O-2
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY;
MOLTEN-SALT SYNTHESIS; CATHODE MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES;
LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; ELECTRODES; MN; SPECTROSCOPY
AB Structure, morphology, and performance of Li1+x(Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33)(1-x)O-2 cathode materials with stoichiometric (x=0) and excess Li (x=0.14) were compared on micron-sized, well-formed single crystals. The additional Li in the fresh overlithiated oxide facilitated the formation of a superstructure with root 3a(hex) x root 3a(hex) x c(hex) unit cells, decreased the cell volume change, and improved the initial O3 phase stability upon lithium extraction. Slower kinetics were observed at low Li content where oxide activation dominated, a process that induced significant structure rearrangements and particle damages. For the first time, morphological evaluation during delithiation was well captured on the micron-sized single crystals. An irreversible activation plateau at 4.4 V was only observed during the first charge of the overlithiated crystals. The oxide's higher discharge capacity and better cycling stability between 2.5 and 4.8 V were attributed to its enhanced O3 phase stability upon deep Li extraction. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.038209jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Chen, Guoying; Hai, Bin; Shukla, Alpesh K.; Duncan, Hugues] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM gchen@lbl.gov
RI Shukla, Alpesh/B-2058-2013
FU National Center for Electron Microscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory; Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the U. S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors acknowledge support of the National Center for Electron
Microscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We thank Dr. Nick
Norberg for collecting the Raman data and Dr. Thomas Richardson for
helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary
for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and
Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract
No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 30
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U2 35
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 9
BP A1543
EP A1550
DI 10.1149/2.038209jes
PG 8
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010OR
UT WOS:000309104400020
ER
PT J
AU Cho, KT
Ridgway, P
Weber, AZ
Haussener, S
Battaglia, V
Srinivasan, V
AF Cho, Kyu Taek
Ridgway, Paul
Weber, Adam Z.
Haussener, Sophia
Battaglia, Vincent
Srinivasan, Venkat
TI High Performance Hydrogen/Bromine Redox Flow Battery for Grid-Scale
Energy Storage
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID FUEL-CELLS; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; BROMINE; MEMBRANES; ADSORPTION;
OXIDATION; ANIONS; MODEL; HBR
AB The electrochemical behavior of a promising hydrogen/bromine redox flow battery is investigated for grid-scale energy-storage application with some of the best redox-flow-battery performance results to date, including a peak power of 1.4 W/cm(2) and a 91% voltaic efficiency at 0.4 W/cm(2) constant-power operation. The kinetics of bromine on various materials is discussed, with both rotating-disk-electrode and cell studies demonstrating that a carbon porous electrode for the bromine reaction can conduct platinum-comparable performance as long as sufficient surface area is realized. The effect of flow-cell designs and operating temperature is examined, and ohmic and mass-transfer losses are decreased by utilizing a flow-through electrode design and increasing cell temperature. Charge/discharge and discharge-rate tests also reveal that this system has highly reversible behavior and good rate capability. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.018211jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Cho, Kyu Taek; Ridgway, Paul; Weber, Adam Z.; Haussener, Sophia; Battaglia, Vincent; Srinivasan, Venkat] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Haussener, Sophia] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Engn Mech, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
RP Cho, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM ktcho@lbl.gov
OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624
FU Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) of the U. S.
Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was funded by Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
(ARPA-E) of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract number
DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would also like to thank SGL Carbon for
providing the carbon porous media.
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PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 11
BP A1806
EP A1815
DI 10.1149/2.018211jes
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PS
UT WOS:000309107200009
ER
PT J
AU Conry, TE
Mehta, A
Cabana, J
Doeff, MM
AF Conry, Thomas E.
Mehta, Apurva
Cabana, Jordi
Doeff, Marca M.
TI XAFS Investigations of LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.1-yAlyO2 Positive Electrode
Materials
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING
CALCULATIONS; LINI0.5MN0.5O2 CATHODE MATERIAL; HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS;
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE; THERMAL-STABILITY;
LOCAL-STRUCTURE; FINE-STRUCTURE
AB The structural and electronic effects of Al-substitution in LiNi0.45Mn0.45Co0.1-yAlyO2 electrode materials were explored on a local scale using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Homogeneous substitution of Al is observed between 0 <= y <= 0.10, additionally causing relaxation within the strained edge-sharing metal octahedra composing the transition metal plane. Ex situ measurements on electrochemically charged electrodes confirm that the main charge compensation mechanism occurs via oxidation of Ni, though a contribution centered at the Co-sites was detected in the early stages of charging. Al-substitution, meanwhile, appears to have a negligible local order effect. Analysis of electrochemically cycled materials suggests that there is a beneficial structural consequence of the Al-substitution, which limits the disorder within the local structure of the substituted samples compared to the fresh layered oxides. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.048209jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Conry, Thomas E.; Cabana, Jordi; Doeff, Marca M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Conry, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Mehta, Apurva] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Conry, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM tconry@berkeley.edu
RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Cabana, Jordi/G-6548-2012
OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986
FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental
Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research
Resources, Biomedical Technology Program [P41RR001209]
FX This work is supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of
this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation
Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and
an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of
Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. The SSRL Structural
Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological
and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health,
National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program
(P41RR001209). The authors are also grateful to Prof. Scott Calvin for
his help with XAFS measurements and analysis.
NR 46
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 50
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
EI 1945-7111
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 9
BP A1562
EP A1571
DI 10.1149/2.048209jes
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010OR
UT WOS:000309104400023
ER
PT J
AU Hantel, MM
Presser, V
McDonough, JK
Feng, G
Cummings, PT
Gogotsi, Y
Kotz, R
AF Hantel, M. M.
Presser, V.
McDonough, J. K.
Feng, G.
Cummings, P. T.
Gogotsi, Y.
Koetz, R.
TI In Situ Electrochemical Dilatometry of Onion-Like Carbon and Carbon
Black
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITORS; SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODES; NONAQUEOUS
ELECTROLYTE; CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVES; SURFACE-AREA; EDLC; PERFORMANCE;
NANOTUBES; NANOMATERIALS; DIAMOND
AB High power electrochemical double layer capacitors (also called supercapacitors) rely on highly conductive electrode materials with a large specific surface area, which is easily accessible for ions. Exohedral materials with a large ion-accessible outer surface and little or no porosity within the particles are particularly attractive for supercapacitor electrodes because they decrease mass transport limitations and enable very high charge/discharge rates. This study focuses on the investigation of charge induced expansion effects of spherical exohedral carbons, that is, onion-like carbons (OLC, diameter: 5-7 nm) and carbon black (diameter: approximate to 40 nm). Employing electrochemical in-situ dilatometry we studied the expansion behavior within +/- 1 V potential window versus carbon in an organic electrolyte (tetraethylammonium-tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile). The expansion had a very small amplitude (<0.2% at +/- 0.08 C.m(-2) accumulated charge; i.e., approximately +/- 1 V versus carbon) and was fully reversible. This was explained by ion adsorption on the exohedral carbons. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to calculate the solvation shell of the respective cation and anion and the results were used to further evaluate the measured expansion. In summary, the experiments and simulations revealed that ion intercalation or ion sieving, which are commonly found in microporous (endohedral) carbons, were absent. Finally, low sweep rates resulted in a slight electrode compaction on a cycle-by-cycle basis, which can be explained by charge-induced restructuring of the nanoparticle network. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.006212jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Hantel, M. M.; Koetz, R.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Electrochem Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
[Presser, V.; McDonough, J. K.; Gogotsi, Y.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Presser, V.; McDonough, J. K.; Gogotsi, Y.] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Nanotechnol Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
[Presser, V.] INM Leibniz Inst New Mat, Energy Mat Grp, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany.
[Feng, G.; Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
[Cummings, P. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Hantel, MM (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Electrochem Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
EM gogotsi@drexel.edu; ruediger.koetz@psi.ch
RI Feng, Guang/D-8989-2011; Presser, Volker/F-1975-2010; Cummings,
Peter/B-8762-2013;
OI Presser, Volker/0000-0003-2181-0590; Cummings,
Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Feng, Guang/0000-0001-6659-9181; Hantel,
Moritz/0000-0003-0422-6130
FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021_126855/1]; Fluid
Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy
Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jun Jie Niu (now at MIT) and . Olha
Mashtalir (Drexel University) for their help with TEM. MMH acknowledges
financial support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
(project # 200021_126855/1). YG, VP, GF, and PTC were supported as part
of the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST)
Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department
of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The
authors thank TIMCAL Ltd. for kindly supplying carbon black to this
study.
NR 35
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 5
U2 67
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
EI 1945-7111
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 11
BP A1897
EP A1903
DI 10.1149/2.006212jes
PG 7
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PS
UT WOS:000309107200023
ER
PT J
AU Norberg, NS
Kostecki, R
AF Norberg, Nick S.
Kostecki, Robert
TI The Degradation Mechanism of a Composite LiMnPO4 Cathode
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; POSITIVE-ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ION
BATTERIES; LI-ION; PERFORMANCE; LIMN2O4; MN; FE;
0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1; SPECTROSCOPY
AB The chemical and structural changes occurring in a LiMnPO4 composite cathode during electrochemical cycling were investigated by ex situ Raman microscopy. An O-2-plasma etching procedure was used to remove the thick surface carbon coating and expose LiMnPO4 particles for Raman characterization of LixMnPO4 at different states of charge (SOC). Pyrophosphate species, Li4P2O7, emerged at the exposed part of the LiMnPO4 composite cathode after a full charge and discharge cycle, indicating that the charged LixMnPO4 electrode is not chemically stable in standard LiPF6/carbonate-based electrolytes at room temperature. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.018209jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Norberg, Nick S.; Kostecki, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Norberg, NS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM R_Kostecki@lbl.gov
FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S.
Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank
High Power Lithium, Inc. (currently the Dow Chemical Company) for
supplying samples of the LiMnPO4 electrode and Dr. Guoying
Chen for providing reference samples of delithiated
LixMnPO4 for Raman measurements.
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 5
U2 75
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 9
BP A1431
EP A1434
DI 10.1149/2.018209jes
PG 4
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010OR
UT WOS:000309104400007
ER
PT J
AU Tang, M
Lu, SD
Newman, J
AF Tang, Maureen
Lu, Sida
Newman, John
TI Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of
Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Formation Mechanisms on Glassy Carbon
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERY; ORIENTED PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; ROTATING-DISK
ELECTRODE; SURFACE-FILM FORMATION; METAL-ELECTRODES; OXIDE-FILM; MODEL;
CELLS; SALT; IMPEDANCE
AB To determine the passivation mechanism of the Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase (SEI), glassy carbon was held at potentials from 0.1 to 0.9 V vs. lithium for different lengths of time. The resulting SEI was characterized electrochemically, using steady-state and transient ferrocene kinetics. Experiments were interpreted with macroscopic models for film formation and through-film ferrocenium reduction. Formation experiments demonstrate that growth is limited by transport of a charged species, but that electron migration through the SEI cannot be the limiting process. Ferrocene experiments show that both through-film transport and kinetics decrease with more passivation time. Comparison with models suggests that a decreasing porosity is a more likely explanation than either an increasing thickness or a decreased area of active sites. For the same amount of formation charge, the SEI formed at lower potential passivates the electrode more effectively. At long times and low potentials, the SEI is unstable. A passivation mechanism in which soluble intermediates of electrolyte reduction diffuse away from the electrode is proposed. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.025211jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Tang, Maureen; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Tang, Maureen; Lu, Sida; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
[Lu, Sida] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Tang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mtang@berkeley.edu
RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008
OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525
FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office
of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 47
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 8
U2 60
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 11
BP A1775
EP A1785
DI 10.1149/2.025211jes
PG 11
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PS
UT WOS:000309107200004
ER
PT J
AU Bliznakov, ST
Vukmirovic, MB
Yang, L
Sutter, EA
Adzic, RR
AF Bliznakov, S. T.
Vukmirovic, M. B.
Yang, L.
Sutter, E. A.
Adzic, R. R.
TI Pt Monolayer on Electrodeposited Pd Nanostructures: Advanced Cathode
Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID OXYGEN-REDUCTION; INITIAL-STAGES; ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; PALLADIUM
DEPOSITION; AU(111) ELECTRODE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; SURFACE; PT(111);
GROWTH; ALLOY
AB In this article we describe further improvement of high-performance Pt monolayer-shell on carbon-supported Pd nanowires/nanorods-core electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. This improvement is facilitated by electrochemical deposition of Pd nanostructured cores on functionalized carbon surfaces. We describe in some detail this first electrochemical deposition of Pd nanowires, including the effect of deposition parameters on the deposits morphology, and propose the mechanism of the Pd nanostructures growth. The one-dimensional growth of Pd is ascribed to the hydrogen-underpotential-deposition-mediated layer-by-layer deposition of Pd. The surface structure of deposited nanowires is composed predominantly of the {111}-oriented facets that facilitate the enhanced oxygen reduction and high stability of these electrocatalysts. They have significantly higher Pt mass-, and area-specific activities and performance stability under potential cycling conditions than commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts, which indicates their great potential for resolving the remaining obstacles to commercializing PEMFCs. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.006209jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Bliznakov, S. T.; Vukmirovic, M. B.; Yang, L.; Adzic, R. R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
[Sutter, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Bliznakov, ST (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM adzic@bnl.gov
FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of
Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX This work was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences,
and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department
of Energy through grant DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 39
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 78
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
EI 1945-7111
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 9
BP F501
EP F506
DI 10.1149/2.006209jes
PG 6
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010OR
UT WOS:000309104400046
ER
PT J
AU Dufek, EJ
Lister, TE
Stone, SG
McIlwain, ME
AF Dufek, Eric J.
Lister, Tedd E.
Stone, Simon G.
McIlwain, Michael E.
TI Operation of a Pressurized System for Continuous Reduction of CO2
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METAL-ELECTRODES;
ELECTROLYTES; SELECTIVITY; CELL; ELECTROREDUCTION; COPPER
AB A pressurized electrochemical system equipped for continuous reduction of CO2 is presented. At elevated pressures, using a Ag-based cathode, the quantity of CO which can be generated is 5 times that observed at ambient pressure with faradaic efficiencies as high as 92% observed at 350 mA cm(-2). For operation at 225 mA cm(-2) and 60 degrees C the cell voltage at 18.5 atm was 0.4 V below that observed at ambient pressure. Increasing the temperature further to 90 degrees C led to a cell voltage below 3 V (18.5 atm and 90 degrees C), which equates to an electrical efficiency of 50%. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.011209jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Dufek, Eric J.; Lister, Tedd E.; McIlwain, Michael E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
[Stone, Simon G.] Giner Inc, Newton, MA 02466 USA.
RP Dufek, EJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM tedd.lister@inl.gov
RI Dufek, Eric/B-8847-2017
OI Dufek, Eric/0000-0003-4802-1997
FU INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program under
DOE Idaho Operations Office; U.S. Department of Energy
[DE-AC07-05ID14517]
FX Work supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and
Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office. This
manuscript has been authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under
Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The
United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the
article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government
retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to
publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow
others to do so, for United States Government purposes.
NR 21
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 6
U2 45
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 9
BP F514
EP F517
DI 10.1149/2.011209jes
PG 4
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010OR
UT WOS:000309104400048
ER
PT J
AU Hwang, GS
Weber, AZ
AF Hwang, G. S.
Weber, A. Z.
TI Effective-Diffusivity Measurement of Partially-Saturated Fuel-Cell
Gas-Diffusion Layers
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; POROSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL;
OXYGEN DIFFUSIVITY; PEMFC GDLS; MEDIA; PERFORMANCE; PEFC; WETTABILITY;
RADIOGRAPHY
AB In proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells, flooding of the cathode gas-diffusion layer (GDL) hinders the gaseous reactant transport and thereby limits cell performance. The understanding of the effective diffusivity of the reactants through the GDL is essential for performance optimization and material design. In this paper, the effective diffusivities of unsaturated and partially-saturated GDLs are experimentally examined using an ex-situ electrochemical limiting-current method for various, uncompressed GDLs including different PTFE loadings. For unsaturated (including PTFE loadings) and partially-saturated (no PTFE) GDLs, the experimental results follow a power law with respect to porosity and saturation, respectively. PTFE treatment favorably changes the liquid distribution for improved gas-transport pathways, and a new correlation is proposed using a cumulative log-normal distribution function; however, the impact of PTFE on the overall effective diffusivity depends on the specific GDL structure. This work provides insights for fuel-cell models and transport phenomena, which can lead to the optimal GDL material design and cell operation. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.024211jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Hwang, G. S.; Weber, A. Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Hwang, GS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM azweber@lbl.gov
OI Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory [LB08003874]; Toyota Motor Company [LB08003874]
FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program of the U.S.
Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by CRADA
agreement LB08003874 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and
Toyota Motor Company.
NR 52
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 21
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 11
BP F683
EP F692
DI 10.1149/2.024211jes
PG 10
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PS
UT WOS:000309107200058
ER
PT J
AU Joghee, P
Pylypenko, S
Olson, T
Dameron, A
Corpuz, A
Dinh, HN
Wood, K
O'Neill, K
Hurst, K
Bender, G
Gennett, T
Pivovar, B
O'Hayre, R
AF Joghee, Prabhuram
Pylypenko, Svitlana
Olson, Tim
Dameron, Arrelaine
Corpuz, April
Dinh, Huyen N.
Wood, Kevin
O'Neill, Kevin
Hurst, Katherine
Bender, Guido
Gennett, Thomas
Pivovar, Bryan
O'Hayre, Ryan
TI Enhanced Stability of PtRu Supported on N-Doped Carbon for the Anode of
a DMFC
SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID METHANOL FUEL-CELL; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; HYDROUS RUTHENIUM OXIDE;
MODEL CATALYST SUPPORTS; PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION; NANOPARTICLES;
OXIDATION; NANOTUBES; DURABILITY; MEMBRANE
AB The performance and long-term stability of a direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) employing PtRu supported on nitrogen-modified carbon is compared with that of PtRu/C (Hi-spec 5000). The long-term stability test is carried by means of accelerated degradation testing (ADT) at an anodic potential of 0.8 V vs. DHE for 640h. The initial DMFC performance of the MEA containing PtRu/C (N-doped) is slightly lower than that of the PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC) because of the lower ECSA of the former. After 640h ADT, the anode ECSA loss is found to be similar to 21% and similar to 26% for the PtRu/C (N-doped) and PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC), respectively. Electrochemical analyzes reveal that cathode of the MEA with PtRu/C (N-doped) is less contaminated with Ru. It is further corroborated by post-mortem analysis done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with EDS, which indicates 4.8 and 8.2 at.% Ru accumulation, respectively, in the cathodes of the PtRu/C (N-doped) and PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC) MEAs after 640h ADT. Although both MEAs sustain anode and cathode ECSA losses, the performance for the PtRu/C (N-doped) MEA is improved by similar to 28% and similar to 8% after initial and long-term ADT, while the performance for the PtRu/C (Hi-SPEC) MEA is improved by similar to 20% after initial and decreased by similar to 3% after long-term ADT. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.063211jes] All rights reserved.
C1 [Joghee, Prabhuram; Pylypenko, Svitlana; Wood, Kevin; O'Hayre, Ryan] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Pylypenko, Svitlana; Olson, Tim; Dameron, Arrelaine; Dinh, Huyen N.; O'Neill, Kevin; Hurst, Katherine; Bender, Guido; Gennett, Thomas; Pivovar, Bryan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
[Corpuz, April] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Joghee, P (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM rohayre@mines.edu
RI O'Hayre, Ryan/A-8183-2009
FU Army Research Office at CSM [W911NF-09-1-0528]; U.S. Department of
Energy EERE, FCT Program [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy
Laboratory
FX This work is supported by the Army Research Office under grant
#W911NF-09-1-0528 at CSM. The work at NREL is supported by the U.S.
Department of Energy EERE, FCT Program, under Contract No.
DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The
authors also acknowledge Electron Microscopy Laboratory at CSM.
NR 68
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 4
U2 41
PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
PI PENNINGTON
PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA
SN 0013-4651
EI 1945-7111
J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC
JI J. Electrochem. Soc.
PY 2012
VL 159
IS 11
BP F768
EP F778
DI 10.1149/2.063211jes
PG 11
WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films
SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science
GA 010PS
UT WOS:000309107200069
ER
EF