FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Ikeda, Y Kobayashi, N Kuzmenko, PJ Little, SL Mirkarimi, PB Alameda, JB Kaji, S Sarugaku, Y Yasui, C Kondo, S Fukue, K Kawakita, H AF Ikeda, Yuji Kobayashi, Naoto Kuzmenko, Paul J. Little, Steve L. Mirkarimi, Paul B. Alameda, Jennifer B. Kaji, Sayumi Sarugaku, Yuki Yasui, Chikako Kondo, Sohei Fukue, Kei Kawakita, Hideyo BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Barto, AA TI ZnSe immersion grating in the short NIR region SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Infrared; Spectroscopy; High resolution; Immersion grating; Nano-technology AB ZnSe has a high refractive index (n similar to 2.45) and low optical loss (<0.1/cm) from 0.8 to 12 um. Therefore ZnSe immersion gratings can enable high-resolution spectroscopy over a wide wavelength range. We are developing ZnSe immersion gratings for a ground-based NIR high-resolution spectrograph WINERED. We previously produced a large prism-shaped ZnSe immersion grating with a grooved area 50 mm x 58 mm (Ikeda et al. 2010). However, we find two problems as NIR immersion grating: (i) serious chipping of the grooves, and (ii) inter-order ghosts in the diffraction pattern. We believed the chipping to be due to micro cracks just beneath surface present prior to diamond machining. Therefore we removed this damaged region, a few tens of microns thick, by etching the ZnSe grating blank with a mixture of HCl and HNO3. Ghosts appearing halfway between main diffraction orders originate from small differences in spacing between odd and even grooves. Apparently the blank shifts repeatably by about 120 nm in the direction orthogonal to the grooves depending on whether the translation stage holding the blank is moving right to left or left to right. Therefore we re-machined the grating only cutting grooves with the stage moving from right to left. After re-cutting, we also deposit the Cu coating with an enhanced interface layer of SiO2 on the groove, which is developed in our previous study. We evaluated the optical performances of this immersion grating. It shows light scattering of 3.8 % at 1 mu m, no prominent ghosts, and a spectral resolution of 91,200 at 1 mu m. However we measured an absolute diffraction efficiency of only 27.3% for TE and 25.9 % for TM waves at 1.55 mu m. A non-immersed measurement of the diffraction efficiency of the facet blazed near 20 degrees exceeded 60%, much closer to theoretical predictions. We plan to carry out more tests to resolve this discrepancy. C1 [Ikeda, Yuji] Photocoding, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6060025, Japan. [Ikeda, Yuji; Kondo, Sohei] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Koyama Astron Observ, Kita Ku, Kyoto 6068555, Japan. [Kobayashi, Naoto] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Kuzmenko, Paul J.; Little, Steve L.; Mirkarimi, Paul B.; Alameda, Jennifer B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kaji, Sayumi; Kawakita, Hideyo] Kyoto Sangyo Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Kita Ku, Kyoto 6068555, Japan. [Sarugaku, Yuki] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Yasui, Chikako; Fukue, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Ikeda, Y (reprint author), Photocoding, Sakyo Ku, 460-102 Iwakura Nakamachi, Kyoto 6060025, Japan. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9619-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9151 AR 915144 DI 10.1117/12.2055378 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WJ UT WOS:000354525500125 ER PT S AU Kuzmenko, PJ Little, SL Albert, L Aldridge, DA Doyon, R Maszkiewicz, M Touahri, D AF Kuzmenko, Paul J. Little, Steve L. Albert, Loic Aldridge, David A. Doyon, Rene Maszkiewicz, Michael Touahri, Driss BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Barto, AA TI Diamond machining of ZnSe grisms for the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) onboard JWST SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE grism; NIRISS; JWST; diamond machining; immersion grating; near infrared; ZnSe AB LLNL diamond machined a ZnSe grism for spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets on NIRISS, a Canadian instrument that will fly on the James Webb Space Telescope. The grism operates over the wavelength range of 0.6 to 2.5 mu m. It is cross-dispersed by a ZnS prism and has a resolving power in first order of similar to 700. The surface error over the full 29 x 30 mm grating aperture is 0.03 wave rms at 633nm. We measured a diffraction efficiency at 633 nm of 56% (nearly 88% after accounting for Fresnel reflection). The diffraction pattern is clean with no discernible ghosts. C1 [Kuzmenko, Paul J.; Little, Steve L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Albert, Loic; Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3T 1J4, Canada. [Aldridge, David A.; Touahri, Driss] COMDEV Int Ltd, Kanata, ON K2K 3J1, Canada. [Maszkiewicz, Michael] Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. RP Kuzmenko, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183 POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kuzmenko1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9619-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9151 AR 915159 DI 10.1117/12.2054420 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WJ UT WOS:000354525500162 ER PT S AU Saunders, W Gillingham, P Smith, G Kent, S Doel, P AF Saunders, Will Gillingham, Peter Smith, Greg Kent, Steve Doel, Peter BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Barto, AA TI Prime focus wide-field corrector designs with lossless atmospheric dispersion correction SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Wide-field correctors; atmospheric dispersion correctors; atmospheric dispersion correction; wide-field spectroscopy; multi-object spectroscopy; Ritchey-Chretien AB Wide-Field Corrector designs are presented for the Blanco and Mayall telescopes, the CFHT and the AAT. The designs are Terezibh-style, with 5 or 6 lenses, and modest negative optical power. They have 2.2 degrees-3 degrees fields of view, with curved and telecentric focal surfaces suitable for fiber spectroscopy. Some variants also allow wide-field imaging, by changing the last WFC element. Apart from the adaptation of the Terebizh design for spectroscopy, the key feature is a new concept for a 'Compensating Lateral Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector', with two of the lenses being movable laterally by small amounts. This provides excellent atmospheric dispersion correction, without any additional surfaces or absorption. A novel and simple mechanism for providing the required lens motions is proposed, which requires just 3 linear actuators for each of the two moving lenses. C1 [Saunders, Will; Gillingham, Peter; Smith, Greg] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. [Kent, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Doel, Peter] UCL, Dept Phys, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Saunders, W (reprint author), Australian Astron Observ, POB 915, N Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia. EM will@aao.gov.au NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9619-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9151 AR 91511M DI 10.1117/12.2055662 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WJ UT WOS:000354525500048 ER PT S AU Steeves, J Laslandes, M Pellegrino, S Redding, D Bradford, SC Wallace, JK Barbee, T AF Steeves, John Laslandes, Marie Pellegrino, Sergio Redding, David Bradford, Samuel Case Wallace, James Kent Barbee, Troy BE Navarro, R Cunningham, CR Barto, AA TI Design, fabrication and testing of active carbon shell mirrors for space telescope applications SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation CY JUN 23-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Active Mirrors; Space Telescopes; CFRP; Nano laminate; Replication; Metrology AB A novel active mirror concept based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials is presented. A nanolaminate facesheet, active piezoelectric layer and printed electronics are implemented in order to provide the reflective surface, actuation capabilities and electrical wiring for the mirror. Mirrors of this design are extremely thin (500-850 mu m), lightweight (similar to 2 kg/m(2)) and have large actuation capabilities (100 mu m peak-to-valley deformation per channel). Replication techniques along with simple bonding/transferring processes are implemented eliminating the need for grinding and polishing steps. An outline of the overall design, component materials and fabrication processes is presented. A method to size the active layer for a given mirror design, along with simulation predictions on the correction capabilities of the mirror are also outlined. A custom metrology system used to capture the highly deformable nature of the mirrors is demonstrated along with preliminary prototype measurements. C1 [Steeves, John; Laslandes, Marie; Pellegrino, Sergio] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Redding, David; Bradford, Samuel Case; Wallace, James Kent] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barbee, Troy] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Steeves, J (reprint author), CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jsteeves@caltech.edu NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9619-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9151 AR 915105 DI 10.1117/12.2056560 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WJ UT WOS:000354525500005 ER PT S AU Skurikhin, AN AF Skurikhin, Alexei N. BE Bebis, G Boyle, R Parvin, B Koracin, D McMahan, R Jerald, J Zhang, H Drucker, SM Kambhamettu, C ElChoubassi, M Deng, Z Carlson, M TI Hierarchical Spanning Tree-Structured Approximation for Conditional Random Fields: An Empirical Study SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING (ISVC 2014), PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Visual Computing (ISVC) CY DEC 08-10, 2014 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, LBNL, NASA Ames, BAE Syst, Intel, Ford, Hewlett Packard, Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs, Toyota, Gen Elect, Berkeley Lab ID ENERGY MINIMIZATION; GRAPH CUTS AB We present a learning algorithm to construct a discriminative Conditional Random Fields cascade model. We decompose the original grid-structured graph model using a set of spanning trees which are learned and added into the cascade architecture iteratively one after another. A spanning tree at each cascade layer takes both outputs from the previous layer nodes as well as the observed variables, which are processed by all the layers. The structure of spanning trees is generated uniformly at random among all spanning trees of the original graph. The result of the learning is the number of cascade layers, the structure of the generated spanning trees, and the set of optimized parameters corresponding to the spanning trees. We performed the experimental validation on synthetic and real-world imagery datasets and demonstrated better performance of the cascade tree-based model over the original grid-structured CRF model with loopy belief propagation inference. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence & Space Res Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skurikhin, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence & Space Res Div, MS D440, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alexei@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-14364-4; 978-3-319-14363-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8888 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC6ZX UT WOS:000354700300009 ER PT S AU Ozik, J Wilde, M Collier, N Macal, CM AF Ozik, Jonathan Wilde, Michael Collier, Nicholson Macal, Charles M. BE Lopes, L TI Adaptive Simulation with Repast Simphony and Swift SO EURO-PAR 2014: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Euro-Par International Workshops CY AUG 25-26, 2014 CL Porto, PORTUGAL DE agent-based modeling; ABMS; Repast Simphony; Swift; parallel scripting; adaptive simulation; workflow software ID OPTIMIZATION AB We present a general approach for adaptive ABMS, which integrates Repast Simphony's distributed batch components and the Swift parallel scripting language. Swift is used to launch Repast Simphony simulations on parallel resources, collect the results from those simulations, and generate further simulations based on an analysis of the results. In order to demonstrate the benefits and capabilities of this approach, we developed a simulated annealing reference workflow and applied it to a modified Repast Simphony "JZombies" demonstration model. The workflow was able to successfully and efficiently find areas of the model parameter space that yielded the desired outcomes, as specified by an objective function. The workflow was run on a high-performance cluster, launching 16 concurrent simulated annealing optimization processes, each executing 100 simulated annealing loops over 16 stochastic model variations - a total of 25,856 adaptive simulation runs, accounting for a 96.3% reduction in the number of simulations that were required compared to a complete enumeration of parameter space. The materials used in the workflow are included as linked external resources to allow replication. C1 [Ozik, Jonathan; Collier, Nicholson; Macal, Charles M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Global Secur Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wilde, Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ozik, Jonathan; Wilde, Michael; Collier, Nicholson; Macal, Charles M.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ozik, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Global Secur Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jozik@anl.gov; wilde@anl.gov; ncollier@anl.gov; macal@anl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-14325-5; 978-3-319-14324-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8805 BP 418 EP 429 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC7DW UT WOS:000354783500036 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. BE Lopes, L TI On Undecidability Aspects of Resilient Computations and Implications to Exascale SO EURO-PAR 2014: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Euro-Par International Workshops CY AUG 25-26, 2014 CL Porto, PORTUGAL DE Exascale systems; resilient computations; undecidability; uncomputability AB Future Exascale computing systems with a large number of processors, memory elements and interconnection links, are expected to experience multiple, complex faults, which affect both applications and operating-runtime systems. A variety of algorithms, frameworks and tools are being proposed to realize and/or verify the resilience properties of computations that guarantee correct results on failure-prone computing systems. We analytically show that certain resilient computation problems in presence of general classes of faults are undecidable, that is, no algorithms exist for solving them. We first show that the membership verification in a generic set of resilient computations is undecidable. We describe classes of faults that can create infinite loops or non-halting computations, whose detection in general is undecidable. We then show certain resilient computation problems to be undecidable by using reductions from the loop detection and halting problems under two formulations, namely, an abstract programming language and Turing machines, respectively. These two reductions highlight different failure effects: the former represents program and data corruption, and the latter illustrates incorrect program execution. These results call for broad-based, well-characterized resilience approaches that complement purely computational solutions using methods such as hardware monitors, co-designs, and system-and application-specific diagnosis codes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-14325-5; 978-3-319-14324-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8805 BP 511 EP 522 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC7DW UT WOS:000354783500044 ER PT S AU Lidman, J Mckee, SA Quinlan, DJ Liao, CH AF Lidman, Jacob McKee, Sally A. Quinlan, Daniel J. Liao, Chunhua BE Lopes, L TI An Automated Performance-Aware Approach to Reliability Transformations SO EURO-PAR 2014: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Euro-Par International Workshops CY AUG 25-26, 2014 CL Porto, PORTUGAL DE High Performance Computing; Fault Tolerance; N-Modular Redundancy; Reliability Optimization AB Soft errors are expected to increase as feature sizes shrink and the number of cores increases. Redundant execution can be used to cope with such errors. This paper deals with the problem of automatically finding the number of redundant executions needed to achieve a preset reliability threshold. Our method uses geometric programming to calculate the minimal reliability for each instruction while still ensuring that the reliability of the program satisfies a given threshold. We use this to approximate an upper bound on the number of redundant instructions. Using this, we perform a limit study to find the implications of different redundant execution schemes. In particular we notice that the overhead of higher redundancy has serious implications to reliability. We therefore create a scheme where we only perform more executions if needed. Applying the results from our optimization improves reliability by up to 58.25%. We show that it is possible to achieve up to 8% better performance than Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR). We also show cases where our approach is insufficient. C1 [Lidman, Jacob; McKee, Sally A.] Chalmers, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Quinlan, Daniel J.; Liao, Chunhua] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lidman, J (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM dquinlan@llnl.gov; liao6@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-14325-5; 978-3-319-14324-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8805 BP 523 EP 534 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC7DW UT WOS:000354783500045 ER PT S AU Naughton, T Smith, G Engelmann, C Vallee, G Aderholdt, F Scott, SL AF Naughton, Thomas Smith, Garry Engelmann, Christian Vallee, Geoffroy Aderholdt, Ferrol Scott, Stephen L. BE Lopes, L TI What Is the Right Balance for Performance and Isolation with Virtualization in HPC? SO EURO-PAR 2014: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Euro-Par International Workshops CY AUG 25-26, 2014 CL Porto, PORTUGAL AB The use of virtualization in high-performance computing (HPC) has been suggested as a means to provide tailored services and added functionality that many users expect from full-featured Linux cluster environments. While the use of virtual machines in HPC can offer several benefits, maintaining performance is a crucial factor. In some instances performance criteria are placed above isolation properties and selective relaxation of isolation for performance is an important characteristic when considering resilience for HPC environments employing virtualization. In this paper we consider some of the factors associated with balancing performance and isolation in configurations that employ virtual machines. In this context, we propose a classification of errors based on the concept of "error zones", as well as a detailed analysis of the trade-offs between resilience and performance based on the level of isolation provided by virtualization solutions. Finally, the results from a set of experiments are presented, that use different virtualization solutions, and in doing so allow further elucidation of the topic. C1 [Naughton, Thomas; Engelmann, Christian; Vallee, Geoffroy; Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Naughton, Thomas; Smith, Garry] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. [Aderholdt, Ferrol; Scott, Stephen L.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Comp Sci, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Naughton, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM naughtont@ornl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-14325-5; 978-3-319-14324-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8805 BP 570 EP 581 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC7DW UT WOS:000354783500049 ER PT B AU Skinner, M Harper, I AF Skinner, Michele Harper, Irma BE Sanzo, KL TI PERFORMANCE-BASED ACADEMIC COACHING TEAMS (PACT) A System-Wide Support for Principals and Aspiring Principals SO FROM POLICY TO PRACTICE: SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN SCHOOL LEADERSHIP PREPARATION AND DEVELOPMENT SE UCEA Leadership LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Training and support for principals is critical to counter turnover rates of school administrators. The need for ongoing mentoring of campus administrators is something many school districts neglect when addressing school leader retention. The Performance-Based Academic Coaching Teams (PACT) website is used to assist newly hired administrators during their first years. The website focuses on the development of instructional leadership through electronic mentoring, immediate help requests, professional development modules, administrator mentor training, principal research support, message boards, and chat sessions. These components focus on helping the novice administrator with daily challenges and areas they may not have developed C1 [Skinner, Michele] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Off Acad Affairs, Educ Initiat, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Harper, Irma] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Off Acad Affairs, College Stn, TX USA. [Harper, Irma] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Harper, Irma] Texas Educ Agcy, Austin, TX USA. RP Skinner, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Off Acad Affairs, Educ Initiat, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION AGE PUBLISHING-IAP PI CHARLOTTE PA PO BOX 79049, CHARLOTTE, NC 28271-7047 USA BN 978-1-62396-783-3; 978-1-62396-784-0 J9 UCEA LEADER PY 2014 BP 131 EP 143 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BC4TN UT WOS:000352920900007 ER PT S AU Sprayberry, D Goble, W Allen, L Elias, J Probst, R Joyce, R Dey, A Marshall, R Evatt, M Blum, R Abbott, TMC Walker, A Munoz, F Besuner, R Sholl, M Jelinsky, P Silber, J Lafever, R Bebek, C Flaugher, B AF Sprayberry, D. Goble, W. Allen, L. Elias, J. Probst, R. Joyce, R. Dey, A. Marshall, R. Evatt, M. Blum, R. Abbott, T. M. C. Walker, A. Munoz, F. Besuner, R. Sholl, M. Jelinsky, P. Silber, J. Lafever, R. Bebek, C. Flaugher, B. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Planning the Installation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument on the Mayall Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes V CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Observatory infrastructure; installation; project planning; wide field surveys AB The KPNO Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter telescope is to be the host facility for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). DESI will record broadband spectra simultaneously for 5000 objects distributed over a 3-degree diameter field of view; it will record the spectra of approximately 20 million galaxies and quasi-stellar objects during a five-year survey. This survey will improve the combined precision of measurement on the dark energy equation of state today (w(0)) and its evolution with redshift (w(a)) by approximately a factor of ten over existing spectroscopy baryon acoustic oscillation surveys (e.g., BOSS1) in both co-moving volume surveyed and number of galaxies mapped. Installation of DESI on the telescope is a complex procedure, involving a complete replacement of the telescope top end, routing of massive fiber cables, and installation of banks of spectrographs in an environmentally-controlled lab area within the dome. Furthermore, assembly of the instrument and major subsystems must be carried out on-site given their size and complexity. A detailed installation plan is being developed early in the project in order to ensure that DESI and its subsystems are designed so they can be safely and efficiently installed, and to ensure that all telescope and facility modifications required to enable installation are identified and completed in time. C1 [Sprayberry, D.; Allen, L.; Elias, J.; Probst, R.; Joyce, R.; Dey, A.; Marshall, R.; Evatt, M.; Blum, R.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Goble, W.] Univ Arizona, MMT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Abbott, T. M. C.; Walker, A.; Munoz, F.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Besuner, R.; Jelinsky, P.; Silber, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sholl, M.] Google Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Lafever, R.; Bebek, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flaugher, B.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sprayberry, D (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dsprayberry@noao.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9613-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9145 AR 91453Y DI 10.1117/12.2055625 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6QE UT WOS:000354375800129 ER PT S AU Doherty, PE Antilogus, P Astier, P Chiang, J Gilmore, DK Guyonnet, A Huang, DJ Kelly, H Kotov, I Kubanek, P Nomerotski, A O'Connor, P Rasmussen, A Riot, VJ Stubbs, CW Takacs, P Tyson, JA Vetter, K AF Doherty, Peter E. Antilogus, Pierre Astier, Pierre Chiang, James Gilmore, D. Kirk Guyonnet, Augustin Huang, Dajun Kelly, Heather Kotov, Ivan Kubanek, Petr Nomerotski, Andrei O'Connor, Paul Rasmussen, Andrew Riot, Vincet J. Stubbs, Christopher W. Takacs, Peter Tyson, J. Anthony Vetter, Kurt BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Electro-Optical Testing of Fully Depleted CCD Image Sensors for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Camera SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI CY JUN 22-25, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE AB The LSST Camera science sensor array will incorporate 189 large format Charge Coupled Device (CCD) image sensors. Each CCD will include over 16 million pixels and will be divided into 16 equally sized segments and each segment will be read through a separate output amplifier. The science goals of the project require CCD sensors with state of the art performance in many aspects. The broad survey wavelength coverage requires fully depleted, 100 micrometer thick, high resistivity, bulk silicon as the imager substrate. Image quality requirements place strict limits on the image degradation that may be caused by sensor effects: optical, electronic, and mechanical. In this paper we discuss the design of the prototype sensors, the hardware and software that has been used to perform electro-optic testing of the sensors, and a selection of the results of the testing to date. The architectural features that lead to internal electrostatic fields, the various effects on charge collection and transport that are caused by them, including charge diffusion and redistribution, effects on delivered PSF, and potential impacts on delivered science data quality are addressed. C1 [Doherty, Peter E.; Stubbs, Christopher W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Antilogus, Pierre; Astier, Pierre; Guyonnet, Augustin] Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules IN2P3, Paris 16, France. [Chiang, James; Gilmore, D. Kirk; Kelly, Heather; Kubanek, Petr; Rasmussen, Andrew] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kotov, Ivan; Nomerotski, Andrei; O'Connor, Paul; Takacs, Peter; Vetter, Kurt] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Riot, Vincet J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Tyson, J. Anthony] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Doherty, PE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9622-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9154 AR 915418 DI 10.1117/12.2056733 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6WM UT WOS:000354528900035 ER PT S AU Holland, SE Bebek, CJ Dion, F Frost, R Groulx, R Lee, JS Wang, G AF Holland, S. E. Bebek, C. J. Dion, F. Frost, R. Groulx, R. Lee, J. S. Wang, G. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Technology and Device-Design Enhancements for Improved Read Noise Performance in Fully Depleted CCDs SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI CY JUN 22-25, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Charge-coupled device; fully depleted; read noise; floating diffusion; buried contacts ID HIGH-RESISTIVITY SILICON; CHARGE-COUPLED-DEVICES; SHORT-CHANNEL PMOSTS; GATE; FABRICATION; DIMENSIONS; SUBSTRATE; IMAGER AB In this work we describe efforts to reduce the read noise in fully depleted, scientific charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The read noise is proportional to the total capacitance at the floating-diffusion node. Reductions in the capacitance at the floating diffusion are accomplished by implementing a direct contact between the output transistor, polysilicon-gate electrode and the floating diffusion. We have previously reported promising results for this technology that were measured on small-format CCDs with 4-channel readout where each channel had a different output transistor geometry. In this work we present the results of the use of this technology on 12 and 16-channel, large-format CCDs in order to determine the reproducibility of the process. The contact size for this work is two microns by two microns, and projection lithography was used to print the contacts. We have also utilized selective wafer-stepper lithography to generate contacts that are one micron on a side. We also describe efforts in the device design of the output transistor to further reduce the noise. C1 [Holland, S. E.; Bebek, C. J.; Lee, J. S.; Wang, G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dion, F.; Frost, R.; Groulx, R.] Teledyne DALSA Semicond, Quebec City, PQ J2L 1S7, Canada. RP Holland, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM seholland@lbl.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9622-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9154 AR 91541E DI 10.1117/12.2057219 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6WM UT WOS:000354528900041 ER PT S AU Kotov, IV Haupt, J Kubanek, P O'Connor, P Takacs, P AF Kotov, I. V. Haupt, J. Kubanek, P. O'Connor, P. Takacs, P. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI X-ray Analysis of Fully Depleted CCDs with Small Pixel Size SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI CY JUN 22-25, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE CCD; charge diffusion; charge transfer efficiency; CCD X-ray detectors ID CHARGE DIFFUSION; DETECTORS AB X-rays frames offer a lot of information about CCD. Fe-55 sources are traditionally being used for CCD gain and charge transfer efficiency (CTE) measurements. The pixel size of modern scientific CCDs is getting smaller. The charge diffusion causes the charge spread among neighboring pixels especially in thick fully depleted sensors. This enables measurement of the charge diffusion using Fe-55 X-rays. On the other hand, the usual CTE characterization method based on single pixel X-ray events becomes statistically deficient. A new way of measuring CTE using shape and amplitude analysis of X-ray clusters is presented and discussed. This method requires high statistical samples. Advances in test automation and express analysis technique allows for acquiring such statistical samples in a short period of time. The details of our measurement procedure are presented. The lateral diffusion measured using e2v CCD250 is presented and implications for X-ray cluster size and expected cluster shape are discussed. The CTE analysis using total X-ray cluster amplitude is presented. This analysis can reveal CTE problems for certain conditions. The statistical analysis of average X-ray cluster shape is presented. Characteristics X-rays can be used for the whole system absolute calibration. We demonstrate how spectral features of Fe-55 and Am-241 rad. sources are used for system linearity measurements. C1 [Kotov, I. V.; Haupt, J.; O'Connor, P.; Takacs, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kubanek, P.] Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RP Kotov, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kotov@bnl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9622-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9154 AR 91540H DI 10.1117/12.2054122 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6WM UT WOS:000354528900014 ER PT S AU Kotov, I O'Connor, P Murray, N AF Kotov, Ivan O'Connor, Paul Murray, Neil BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Pocket Pumped Image Analysis SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI CY JUN 22-25, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE CCD; charge traps; charge transfer efficiency AB The pocket pumping technique is used to detect small electron trap sites. These traps, if present, degrade CCD charge transfer efficiency. To reveal traps in the active area, a CCD is illuminated with a flat field and, before image is read out, accumulated charges are moved back and forth number of times in parallel direction. As charges are moved over a trap, an electron is removed from the original pocket and re-emitted in the following pocket. As process repeats one pocket gets depleted and the neighboring pocket gets excess of charges. As a result a "dipole" signal appears on the otherwise flat background level. The amplitude of the dipole signal depends on the trap pumping efficiency. This paper is focused on trap identification technique and particularly on new methods developed for this purpose. The sensor with bad segments was deliberately chosen for algorithms development and to demonstrate sensitivity and power of new methods in uncovering sensor defects. C1 [Kotov, Ivan; O'Connor, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Murray, Neil] Open Univ, Ctr Elect Imaging, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Kotov, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9622-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9154 AR 91541K DI 10.1117/12.2054125 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6WM UT WOS:000354528900045 ER PT S AU Retherford, KD Bai, YB Ryu, KK Gregory, JA Welander, PB Davis, MW Greathouse, TK Winter, GS Suntharalingam, V Beletic, JW AF Retherford, K. D. Bai, Yibin Ryu, Kevin K. Gregory, J. A. Welander, Paul B. Davis, Michael W. Greathouse, Thomas K. Winter, Gregory S. Suntharalingam, Vyshnavi Beletic, James W. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI Enhancing the Far-UV Sensitivity of Silicon CMOS Imaging Arrays SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI CY JUN 22-25, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE UV Astronomy; CMOS; Backside Illumination; HyViSI (TM); FPA; Molecular Beam Epitaxy; Silicon PIN AB We report our progress toward optimizing backside-illuminated silicon PIN CMOS devices developed by Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS) for far-UV planetary science applications. This project was motivated by initial measurements at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) of the far-UV responsivity of backside-illuminated silicon PIN photodiode test structures described in Bai et al., SPIE, 2008, which revealed a promising QE in the 100-200 nm range as reported in Davis et al., SPIE, 2012. Our effort to advance the capabilities of thinned silicon wafers capitalizes on recent innovations in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) doping processes. Key achievements to date include: 1) Representative silicon test wafers were fabricated by TIS, and set up for MBE processing at MIT Lincoln Laboratory (LL); 2) Preliminary far-UV detector QE simulation runs were completed to aid MBE layer design; 3) Detector fabrication was completed through the pre-MBE step; and 4) Initial testing of the MBE doping process was performed on monitoring wafers, with detailed quality assessments. Early results suggest that potential challenges in optimizing the UV-sensitivity of silicon PIN type CMOS devices, compared with similar UV enhancement methods established for CCDs, have been mitigated through our newly developed methods. We will discuss the potential advantages of our approach and briefly describe future development steps. C1 [Retherford, K. D.; Davis, Michael W.; Greathouse, Thomas K.; Winter, Gregory S.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Bai, Yibin; Beletic, James W.] Teledyne Imaging Sensors, Camarillo, CA 93012 USA. [Ryu, Kevin K.; Gregory, J. A.; Welander, Paul B.; Suntharalingam, Vyshnavi] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Welander, Paul B.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Retherford, KD (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. EM kretherford@swri.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9622-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9154 AR 915412 DI 10.1117/12.2054840 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6WM UT WOS:000354528900029 ER PT S AU Tyson, JA Sasian, J Gilmore, K Bradshaw, A Claver, C Klint, M Muller, G Poczulp, G Resseguie, E AF Tyson, J. A. Sasian, J. Gilmore, K. Bradshaw, A. Claver, C. Klint, M. Muller, G. Poczulp, G. Resseguie, E. BE Holland, AD Beletic, JW TI LSST optical beam simulator SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI CY JUN 22-25, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; LSST CCD; reimager; wide-field; doubly telecentric AB We describe a camera beam simulator for the LSST which is capable of illuminating a 60mm field at f/1.2 with realistic astronomical scenes, enabling studies of CCD astrometric and photometric performance. The goal is to fully simulate LSST observing, in order to characterize charge transport and other features in the thick fully-depleted CCDs and to probe low level systematics under realistic conditions. The automated system simulates the centrally obscured LSST beam and sky scenes, including the spectral shape of the night sky. The doubly telecentric design uses a nearly unit magnification design consisting of a spherical mirror, three BK7 lenses, and one beam-splitter window. To achieve the relatively large field the beam-splitter window is used twice. The motivation for this LSST beam test facility was driven by the need to fully characterize a new generation of thick fully-depleted CCDs, and assess their suitability for the broad range of science which is planned for LSST. Due to the fast beam illumination and the thick silicon design [each pixel is 10 microns wide and over 100 microns deep] at long wavelengths there can be effects of photon transport and charge transport in the high purity silicon. The focal surface covers a field more than sufficient for a 40x40mm LSST CCD. Delivered optical quality meets design goals, with 50% energy within a 5 micron circle. The tests of CCD performance are briefly described. C1 [Tyson, J. A.; Bradshaw, A.; Klint, M.; Resseguie, E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sasian, J.] UA Opt Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Gilmore, K.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Claver, C.] LSST, El Penon, Chile. [Muller, G.] GMT, London, England. [Poczulp, G.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Tyson, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9622-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9154 AR 915415 DI 10.1117/12.2055604 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6WM UT WOS:000354528900032 ER PT B AU Chan, D AF Chan, David BE Chan, D TI Emerging Themes in Adaptability Research SO INDIVIDUAL ADAPTABILITY TO CHANGES AT WORK: NEW DIRECTIONS IN RESEARCH SE Series in Organization and Management LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR; SITUATIONAL JUDGMENT; ADAPTIVE PERFORMANCE; JOB-PERFORMANCE; WORK; OUTCOMES; FIT C1 [Chan, David] Singapore Management Univ, Psychol, Singapore 178902, Singapore. [Chan, David] Singapore Management Univ, Inst Behav Sci, Singapore 178902, Singapore. [Chan, David] ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore. [Chan, David] APA, Washington, DC USA. [Chan, David] APS, Washington, DC USA. [Chan, David] SIOP, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chan, David] IAAP, Washington, DC USA. RP Chan, D (reprint author), Singapore Management Univ, Psychol, Singapore 178902, Singapore. RI CHAN, David/F-9065-2010 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI ABINGDON PA 2 PARK SQ, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORD, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-83291-5; 978-0-203-46572-1; 978-0-415-83290-8 J9 SER ORGAN MANAGE PY 2014 BP 177 EP 192 PG 16 WC Business; Management SC Business & Economics GA BC4WY UT WOS:000352984900012 ER PT S AU Arnold, K Stebor, N Ade, PAR Akiba, Y Anthony, AE Atlas, M Barron, D Bender, A Boettger, D Borrill, J Chapman, S Chinone, Y Cukierman, A Dobbs, M Elleflot, T Errard, J Fabbian, G Feng, C Gilbert, A Goeckner-Wald, N Halverson, NW Hasegawa, M Hattori, K Hazumi, M Holzapfel, WL Hori, Y Inoue, Y Jaehnig, GC Jaffe, AH Katayama, N Keating, B Kermish, Z Keskitalo, R Kisner, T Le Jeune, M Lee, AT Leitch, EM Linder, E Matsuda, F Matsumura, T Meng, X Miller, NJ Morii, H Myers, MJ Navaroli, M Nishino, H Okamura, T Paar, H Peloton, J Poletti, D Raum, C Rebeiz, G Reichardt, CL Richards, PL Ross, C Rotermund, KM Schenck, DE Sherwin, BD Shirley, I Sholl, M Siritanasak, P Smecher, G Steinbach, B Stompor, R Suzuki, A Suzuki, J Takada, S Takakura, S Tomaru, T Wilson, B Yadav, A Zahn, O AF Arnold, K. Stebor, N. Ade, P. A. R. Akiba, Y. Anthony, A. E. Atlas, M. Barron, D. Bender, A. Boettger, D. Borrill, J. Chapman, S. Chinone, Y. Cukierman, A. Dobbs, M. Elleflot, T. Errard, J. Fabbian, G. Feng, C. Gilbert, A. Goeckner-Wald, N. Halverson, N. W. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, K. Hazumi, M. Holzapfel, W. L. Hori, Y. Inoue, Y. Jaehnig, G. C. Jaffe, A. H. Katayama, N. Keating, B. Kermish, Z. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. Le Jeune, M. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Linder, E. Matsuda, F. Matsumura, T. Meng, X. Miller, N. J. Morii, H. Myers, M. J. Navaroli, M. Nishino, H. Okamura, T. Paar, H. Peloton, J. Poletti, D. Raum, C. Rebeiz, G. Reichardt, C. L. Richards, P. L. Ross, C. Rotermund, K. M. Schenck, D. E. Sherwin, B. D. Shirley, I. Sholl, M. Siritanasak, P. Smecher, G. Steinbach, B. Stompor, R. Suzuki, A. Suzuki, J. Takada, S. Takakura, S. Tomaru, T. Wilson, B. Yadav, A. Zahn, O. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Simons Array: expanding POLARBEAR to three multi-chroic telescopes SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE cosmic background radiation; polarimeters; inflation; dark matter; neutrinos; dark energy AB The Simons Array is an expansion of the POLARBEAR cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment currently observing from the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. This expansion will create an array of three 3.5 m telescopes each coupled to a multichroic bolometric receiver. The Simons Array will have the sensitivity to produce a > 5 sigma detection of inflationary gravitational waves with a tensor-to-scalar ratio r > 0.01, detect the known minimum 58 meV sum of the neutrino masses with 3 sigma confidence when combined with a next-generation baryon acoustic oscillation measurement, and make a lensing map of large-scale structure over the 80% of the sky available from its Chilean site. These goals require high sensitivity and the ability to extract the CMB signal from contaminating astrophysical foregrounds; these requirements are met by coupling the three high-throughput telescopes to novel multichroic lenslet-coupled pixels each measuring CMB photons in both linear polarization states over multiple spectral bands. We present the status of this instrument already under construction, and an analysis of its capabilities. C1 [Fabbian, G.; Le Jeune, M.; Peloton, J.; Poletti, D.; Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Obs Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. [Anthony, A. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Jaehnig, G. C.; Schenck, D. E.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Borrill, J.; Errard, J.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leitch, E. M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Anthony, A. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Schenck, D. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rebeiz, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Chapman, S.; Rotermund, K. M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Jaffe, A. H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kermish, Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chinone, Y.; Cukierman, A.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Meng, X.; Myers, M. J.; Raum, C.; Richards, P. L.; Sherwin, B. D.; Shirley, I.; Steinbach, B.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arnold, K.; Stebor, N.; Atlas, M.; Barron, D.; Boettger, D.; Elleflot, T.; Feng, C.; Keating, B.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paar, H.; Siritanasak, P.; Wilson, B.; Yadav, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Halverson, N. W.; Jaehnig, G. C.; Miller, N. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chinone, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hazumi, M.; Hori, Y.; Morii, H.; Okamura, T.; Suzuki, A.; Takakura, S.; Tomaru, T.] KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Matsumura, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Fabbian, G.] Int Sch Adv Studies SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Leitch, E. M.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hazumi, M.; Katayama, N.; Nishino, H.] Univ Tokyo, Todai Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Sherwin, B. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takada, S.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observat Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Takakura, S.] Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Bender, A.; Dobbs, M.; Gilbert, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Lee, A. T.; Linder, E.; Sholl, M.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, S Glam, Wales. [Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Borrill, J.; Errard, J.; Kisner, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Akiba, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hazumi, M.; Inoue, Y.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. [Smecher, G.] Three Speed Log Inc, Vancouver, BC V6A 2J8, Canada. RP Arnold, K (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Obs Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France. EM arnold@ucsd.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Fabbian, Giulio/0000-0002-3255-4695; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Chinone, Yuji/0000-0002-3266-857X NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531F DI 10.1117/12.2057332 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400037 ER PT S AU Barronk, D Ade, PAR Akiba, Y Aleman, C Arnold, K Atlas, M Bender, A Borrill, J Chapman, S Chinone, Y Cukierman, A Dobbs, M Elleflot, T Errard, J Fabbian, G Feng, G Gilbert, A Halverson, NW Hasegawa, M Hattori, K Hzumi, M Holzapfel, WL Hori, Y Inoue, Y Jaehnig, GC Katayama, N Keating, B Kermish, Z Keskitalo, R Kisner, T Le Jeune, M Lee, AT Matsuda, F Matsumura, T Morii, H Myers, MJ Navaroli, M Nishino, H Okamura, T Peloton, J Rebeiz, G Reichardt, CL Richards, PL Ross, C Sholl, M Siritanasak, P Smecher, G Stebor, N Steinbach, B Stompor, R Suzuki, A Suzuki, J Takada, S Takakura, S Tomaru, T Wilson, B Yamaguchi, H Zahn, O AF Barronk, D. Ade, P. A. R. Akiba, Y. Aleman, C. Arnold, K. Atlas, M. Bender, A. Borrill, J. Chapman, S. Chinone, Y. Cukierman, A. Dobbs, M. Elleflot, T. Errard, J. Fabbian, G. Feng, G. Gilbert, A. Halverson, N. W. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, K. Hzumi, M. Holzapfel, W. L. Hori, Y. Inoue, Y. Jaehnig, G. C. Katayama, N. Keating, B. Kermish, Z. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. Le Jeune, M. Lee, A. T. Matsuda, F. Matsumura, T. Morii, H. Myers, M. J. Navaroli, M. Nishino, H. Okamura, T. Peloton, J. Rebeiz, G. Reichardt, C. L. Richards, P. L. Ross, C. Sholl, M. Siritanasak, P. Smecher, G. Stebor, N. Steinbach, B. Stompor, R. Suzuki, A. Suzuki, J. Takada, S. Takakura, S. Tomaru, T. Wilson, B. Yamaguchi, H. Zahn, O. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Development and characterization of the readout system for POLARBEAR-2 SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE CMB; CMB polarization; inflation; neutrinos; bolometer; antenna; millimeter-wave AB POLARBEAR-2 is a next-generation receiver for precision measurements of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)). Scheduled to deploy in early 2015, it will observe alongside the existing POLARBEAR-1 receiver, on a new telescope in the Simons Arrayon Cerro Toco in the Atacama desert of Chile. For increased sensitivity, it will feature a larger area focal plane, with a total of 7,588 polarization sensitive antenna-coupled Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers, with a design sensitivity of 4.1 The focal plane will be cooled to 250 milliKelvin, and the bolometers will be read-out with 40x frequency domain multiplexing, with 36 optical bolometers on a single SQUID amplifier, along with 2 dark bolometers and 2 calibration resistors. To increase the multiplexing factor from 8x for POLARBEAR-1 to 40x for POLARBEAR-2 requires additional bandwidth for SQUID readout and well-defined frequency channel spacing. Extending to these higher frequencies requires new components and design for the LC filters which define channel spacing. The LC filters are cold resonant circuits with an inductor and capacitor in series with each bolometer, and stray inductance in the wiring and equivalent series resistance from the capacitors can affect bolometer operation. We present results from characterizing these new readout components. Integration of the readout system is being done first on a small scale, to ensure that the readout system does not affect bolometer sensitivity or stability, and to validate the overall system before expansion into the full receiver. We present the status of readout integration, and the initial results and status of components for the full array. C1 [Fabbian, G.; Le Jeune, M.; Peloton, J.; Stompor, R.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3,CEA Irfu, Obs De Paris, France. [Jaehnig, G. C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Borrill, J.; Errard, J.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T.; Sholl, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rebeiz, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Chapman, S.; Ross, C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kermish, Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chinone, Y.; Cukierman, A.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Myers, M. J.; Reichardt, C. L.; Richards, P. L.; Steinbach, B.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barronk, D.; Aleman, C.; Arnold, K.; Atlas, M.; Elleflot, T.; Feng, G.; Keating, B.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Siritanasak, P.; Stebor, N.; Wilson, B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chinone, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hattori, K.; Hzumi, M.; Hori, Y.; Morii, H.; Okamura, T.; Suzuki, J.; Takakura, S.; Tomaru, T.; Yamaguchi, H.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Fabbian, G.] Int Sch Adv Studies SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hzumi, M.; Katayama, N.; Nishino, H.] Univ Tokyo, Todai Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Univ WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takada, S.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu, Japan. [Takakura, S.] Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Bender, A.; Dobbs, M.; Gilbert, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Lee, A. T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, S Glam, Wales. [Borrill, J.; Errard, J.; Kisner, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hasegawa, M.; Hzumi, M.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. [Smecher, G.] Three Speed Logic Inc, Vancouver, BC V6A 2J8, Canada. [Matsumura, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. RP Barronk, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM drbarron@ucsd.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Fabbian, Giulio/0000-0002-3255-4695; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Chinone, Yuji/0000-0002-3266-857X NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 915335 DI 10.1117/12.2055611 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400087 ER PT S AU Benson, BA Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Allen, SW Arnold, K Austermann, JE Bender, AN Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Cliche, JF Crawford, TM Cukierman, A de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Dutcher, D Everett, W Gilbert, A Halverson, NW Hanson, D Harrington, NL Hattori, K Henning, JW Hilton, GC Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Irwin, KD Keisler, R Knox, L Kubik, D Kuo, CL Lee, AT Leitch, EM Li, D McDonald, M Meyer, SS Montgomery, J Myers, M Natoli, T Nguyen, H Novosad, V Padin, S Pan, Z Pearson, J Reichardt, CL Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Simard, G Smecher, G Sayre, JT Shirokoff, E Stark, AA Story, K Suzuki, A Thompson, KL Tucker, C Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Vikhlinin, A Wang, G Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW AF Benson, B. A. Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Allen, S. W. Arnold, K. Austermann, J. E. Bender, A. N. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Cliche, J. F. Crawford, T. M. Cukierman, A. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Dutcher, D. Everett, W. Gilbert, A. Halverson, N. W. Hanson, D. Harrington, N. L. Hattori, K. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Irwin, K. D. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Kubik, D. Kuo, C. L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Li, D. McDonald, M. Meyer, S. S. Montgomery, J. Myers, M. Natoli, T. Nguyen, H. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Pan, Z. Pearson, J. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Simard, G. Smecher, G. Sayre, J. T. Shirokoff, E. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Suzuki, A. Thompson, K. L. Tucker, C. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Wang, G. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI SPT-3G: A Next-Generation Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Experiment on the South Pole Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE B-modes; cosmic microwave background; cryogenics; inflation; gravitational lensing; neutrino mass; optical design; polarization; transition-edge sensors ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; DAMPING TAIL; SZ SURVEY; DEG(2); CONSTRAINTS; CMB; ANISOTROPIES; MULTIPLEXER; STATISTICS; ESTIMATORS AB We describe the design of a new polarization sensitive receiver, SPT-3G, for the 10-meter South Pole Telescope (sPT). The SPT-3G receiver will deliver a factor of similar to 20 improvement in mapping speed over the current receiver, SPT-POL. The sensitivity of the SPT-3G receiver will enable the advance from statistical detection of B-mode polarization anisotropy power to high signal-to-noise measurements of the individual modes, i.e., maps. This will lead to precise (similar to 0.06 eV) constraints on the sum of neutrino masses with the potential to directly address the neutrino mass hierarchy. It will allow a separation of the lensing and inflationary B-mode power spectra, improving constraints on the amplitude and shape of the primordial signal, either through SPT-3G data alone or in combination with BICEP2/KECK, which is observing the same area of sky. The measurement of small-scale temperature anisotropy will provide new constraints on the epoch of reionization. Additional science from the SPT-3G survey will be significantly enhanced by the synergy with the ongoing optical Dark Energy Survey (DES), including: a 1% constraint on the bias of optical tracers of large-scale structure, a measurement of the differential Doppler signal from pairs of galaxy clusters that will test General Relativity on similar to 200 Mpc scales, and improved cosmological constraints from the abundance of clusters of galaxies. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Dutcher, D.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Pan, Z.; Shirokoff, E.; Story, K.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Allen, S. W.; Irwin, K. D.; Keisler, R.; Kuo, C. L.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Allen, S. W.; Irwin, K. D.; Keisler, R.; Kuo, C. L.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Allen, S. W.; Cho, H. M.; Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Arnold, K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Everett, W.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, A. N.; Cliche, J. F.; de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Gilbert, A.; Hanson, D.; Holder, G. P.; Montgomery, J.; Simard, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Dutcher, D.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Pan, Z.; Story, K.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cukierman, A.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Myers, M.; Reichardt, C. L.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hattori, K.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Hilton, G. C.; Li, D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McDonald, M.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Novosad, V.; Pearson, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Padin, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Smecher, G.] Three Speed Log Inc, Vancouver, BC V6A 2J8, Canada. [Stark, A. A.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Benson, BA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bbenson@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 57 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531P DI 10.1117/12.2057305 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400043 ER PT S AU Hayton, DJ Kloosterman, JL Ren, Y Kao, TY Gao, JR Klapwijk, TM Hu, Q Walker, CK Reno, JL AF Hayton, D. J. Kloosterman, J. L. Ren, Y. Kao, T. Y. Gao, J. R. Klapwijk, T. M. Hu, Q. Walker, C. K. Reno, J. L. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI A 4.7 THz Heterodyne Receiver for a Balloon Borne Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Heterodyne; Terahertz; hot electron bolometer; quantum cascade laser; astronomy ID QUANTUM-CASCADE LASERS; TERAHERTZ AB We report on the performance of a high sensitivity 4.7 THz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot electron bolometer mixer and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) as local oscillator. The receiver is developed to observe the astronomically important neutral atomic oxygen [OI] line at 4.7448 THz on a balloon based telescope. The single-line frequency control and improved beam pattern of QCL have taken advantage of a third-order distributed feedback structure. We measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature (Trec(DSB)) of 815 K, which is similar to 7 times the quantum noise limit (hv/2kB). An Allan time of 15 s at an effective noise fluctuation bandwidth of 18 MHz is demonstrated. Heterodyne performance was further supported by a measured methanol line spectrum around 4.7 THz. C1 [Hayton, D. J.; Gao, J. R.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9474 AD Groningen, Netherlands. [Kloosterman, J. L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ren, Y.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Kavli Inst NanoSci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Kao, T. Y.; Hu, Q.] MIT, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Walker, C. K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Reno, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hayton, DJ (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-9474 AD Groningen, Netherlands. EM dj.hayton@sron.nl NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531R DI 10.1117/12.2055790 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400045 ER PT S AU Inoue, Y Stebor, N Ade, PAR Akiba, Y Arnold, K Anthony, AE Atlas, M Barron, D Bender, A Boettger, D Borrill, J Chapman, S Chinone, Y Cukierman, A Dobbs, M Elleflot, T Errard, J Fabbian, G Feng, C Gilbert, A Halverson, NW Hasegawa, M Hattori, K Hazumi, M Holzapfel, WL Hori, Y Jaehnig, GC Jaffe, AH Katayama, N Keating, B Kermish, Z Keskitalo, R Kisner, T Le Jeune, M Lee, AT Leitc, EM Linder, E Matsuda, F Matsumura, T Meng, X Morii, H Myers, MJ Navaroli, M Nishino, H Okamura, T Paar, H Peloton, J Poletti, D Rebeiz, G Reichard, CL Richards, PL Ross, C Schenck, DE Sherwin, BD Siritanasak, P Smecher, G Sholl, M Steinbach, B Stompor, R Suzuki, A Suzukim, J Takada, S Takakura, S Tomaru, T Wilson, B Yadav, A Yamaguchi, H Zahn, O AF Inoue, Y. Stebor, N. Ade, P. A. R. Akiba, Y. Arnold, K. Anthony, A. E. Atlas, M. Barron, D. Bender, A. Boettger, D. Borrill, J. Chapman, S. Chinone, Y. Cukierman, A. Dobbs, M. Elleflot, T. Errard, J. Fabbian, G. Feng, C. Gilbert, A. Halverson, N. W. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, K. Hazumi, M. Holzapfel, W. L. Hori, Y. Jaehnig, G. C. Jaffe, A. H. Katayama, N. Keating, B. Kermish, Z. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. Le Jeune, M. Lee, A. T. Leitc, E. M. Linder, E. Matsuda, F. Matsumura, T. Meng, X. Morii, H. Myers, M. J. Navaroli, M. Nishino, H. Okamura, T. Paar, H. Peloton, J. Poletti, D. Rebeiz, G. Reichard, C. L. Richards, P. L. Ross, C. Schenck, D. E. Sherwin, B. D. Siritanasak, P. Smecher, G. Sholl, M. Steinbach, B. Stompor, R. Suzuki, A. Suzukim, J. Takada, S. Takakura, S. Tomaru, T. Wilson, B. Yadav, A. Yamaguchi, H. Zahn, O. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Thermal and optical characterization for POLARBEAR-2 optical cryostat SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Cosmic Microwave Background; IR filter; POLARBEAR-2; Polarization; Bolometer; Gravitational Wave; millimeter wave AB POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment for B-mode detection. The PB-2 receiver has a large focal plane and aperture that consists of 7588 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers at 250 mK. The receiver consists of the optical cryostat housing reimaging lenses and infrared filters, and the detector cryostat housing TES bolometers. The large focal plane places substantial requirements on the thermal design of the optical elements at the 4K, 50K, and 300K stages. Infrared filters and lenses inside the optical cryostat are made of alumina for this purpose. We measure basic properties of alumina, such as the index of refraction, loss tangent and thermal conductivity. All results meet our requirements. We also optically characterize filters and lenses made of alumina. Finally, we perform a cooling test of the entire optical cryostat. All measured temperature values satisfy our requirements. In particular, the temperature rise between the center and edge of the alumina infrared filter at 50 K is only 2.0 +/- 1.4 K. Based on the measurements, we estimate the incident power to each thermal stage. C1 [Fabbian, G.; Le Jeune, M.; Peloton, J.; Poletti, D.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Astro Particule & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3,CEAIrfu, Obs De Paris, France. [Anthony, A. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Jaehnig, G. C.; Schenck, D. E.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Borrill, J.; Errard, J.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leitc, E. M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Anthony, A. E.; Halverson, N. W.; Schenck, D. E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rebeiz, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Ross, C.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Jaffe, A. H.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kermish, Z.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chinone, Y.; Cukierman, A.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Meng, X.; Myers, M. J.; Reichard, C. L.; Richards, P. L.; Sherwin, B. D.; Steinbach, B.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stebor, N.; Arnold, K.; Atlas, M.; Barron, D.; Boettger, D.; Elleflot, T.; Feng, C.; Keating, B.; Matsuda, F.; Navaroli, M.; Paar, H.; Siritanasak, P.; Wilson, B.; Yadav, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hasegawa, M.; Hattori, K.; Hazumi, M.; Hori, Y.; Morii, H.; Okamura, T.; Suzukim, J.; Takakura, S.; Tomaru, T.; Yamaguchi, H.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Matsumura, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Fabbian, G.] Int Sch Adv Studies SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Leitc, E. M.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hazumi, M.; Katayama, N.] Univ Tokyo, Todai Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Univ WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Sherwin, B. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takada, S.] Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu, Japan. [Takakura, S.] Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Dobbs, M.; Gilbert, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 0G4, Canada. [Lee, A. T.; Linder, E.; Sholl, M.; Zahn, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, S Glam, Wales. [Borrill, J.; Errard, J.; Kisner, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Inoue, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Hazumi, M.] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. [Smecher, G.] Three Speed Logic Inc, Vancouver, BC V6A 2J8, Canada. RP Inoue, Y (reprint author), Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 2400115, Japan. EM iyuki@post.kek.jp RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91533A DI 10.1117/12.2055572 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400090 ER PT S AU MacDermid, K Aboobaker, AM Ade, P Aubin, F Baccigalupi, C Bandura, K Bao, CY Borill, J Chapman, D Didier, J Dobbs, M Grain, J Grainger, W Hanany, S Helson, K Hillbrand, S Hilton, G Hubmayr, H Irwin, K Johnson, B Jaffe, A Jones, T Kisner, T Klein, J Korotkov, A Lee, A Levinson, L Limon, M Miller, A Milligan, M Pascale, E Rauch, K Reichborn-Kjennerud, B Reintsema, C Sagiv, I Smecher, G Stompor, R Tristram, M Tucker, G Ben Westbrook Zilic, K AF MacDermid, Kevin Aboobaker, Asad M. Ade, Peter Aubin, Francois Baccigalupi, Carlo Bandura, Kevin Bao, Chaoyun Borill, Julian Chapman, Daniel Didier, Joy Dobbs, Matt Grain, Julien Grainger, Will Hanany, Shaul Helson, Kyle Hillbrand, Seth Hilton, Gene Hubmayr, Hannes Irwin, Kent Johnson, Bradley Jaffe, Andrew Jones, Terry Kisner, Ted Klein, Jeff Korotkov, Andrei Lee, Adrian Levinson, Lorne Limon, Michele Miller, Amber Milligan, Michael Pascale, Enzo Rauch, Kate Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt Reintsema, Carl Sagiv, Ilan Smecher, Graeme Stompor, Radek Tristram, Matthieu Tucker, Greg Ben Westbrook Zilic, Kyle BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The performance of the bolometer array and readout system during the 2012/2013 flight of the E and B experiment (EBEX) SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE TES; bolometer; SQUID; CMB; balloon-borne; multiplexing AB EBEX is a balloon-borne telescope designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. During its eleven day science flight in the Austral Summer of 2012, it operated 955 spider-web transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers separated into bands at 150, 250 and 410 GHz. This is the first time that an array of TES bolometers has been used on a balloon platform to conduct science observations. Polarization sensitivity was provided by a wire grid and continuously rotating half-wave plate. The balloon implementation of the bolometer array and readout electronics presented unique development requirements. Here we present an outline of the readout system, the remote tuning of the bolometers and Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) amplifiers, and preliminary current noise of the bolometer array and readout system. C1 [MacDermid, Kevin; Bandura, Kevin; Dobbs, Matt; Smecher, Graeme] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Lee, Adrian; Ben Westbrook] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aboobaker, Asad M.; Aubin, Francois; Bao, Chaoyun; Hanany, Shaul; Jones, Terry; Klein, Jeff; Milligan, Michael; Rauch, Kate; Zilic, Kyle] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ade, Peter; Grainger, Will; Hillbrand, Seth; Johnson, Bradley; Pascale, Enzo] Harwell Oxford, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Oxford OX11 0QX, England. [Baccigalupi, Carlo] Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Borill, Julian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chapman, Daniel; Didier, Joy; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Grain, Julien] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Jaffe, Andrew; Kisner, Ted] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Helson, Kyle; Korotkov, Andrei] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Levinson, Lorne; Sagiv, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stompor, Radek] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol APC, F-75205 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tristram, Matthieu] Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Hannes; Irwin, Kent; Reintsema, Carl] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Dobbs, Matt] Canadian Inst Adv Res, CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP MacDermid, K (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. OI Helson, Kyle/0000-0001-9238-4918; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 915311 DI 10.1117/12.2056267 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400026 ER PT S AU Gu, T Sweatt, WC Agrawal, G Jared, BH Anderson, BJ Goeke, RS Elisberg, B Paap, SM Cruz-Campa, JL Gupta, V Okandan, M Nielson, GN Haney, MW AF Gu, Tian Sweatt, William C. Agrawal, Gautam Jared, Bradley H. Anderson, Ben J. Goeke, Ron S. Elisberg, Brenton Paap, Scott M. Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis Gupta, Vipin Okandan, Murat Nielson, Gregory N. Haney, Michael W. BE Winston, R Gordon, JM TI Decentralized Nonimaging Micro-optical Concentrator SO NONIMAGING OPTICS: EFFICIENT DESIGN FOR ILLUMINATION AND SOLAR CONCENTRATION XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonimaging Optics - Efficient Design for Illumination and Solar Concentration XI CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE non-imaging optics; solar cells; concentrators; molding AB A novel non-imaging micro-concentrator concept and its development in Sandia National Lab's microsystems-enabled photovoltaics (MEPV) program are described in this paper. Key notions of the compact 2-element optical concentrator are toroidal lens surfaces that decentralize the focused beam and a reflective cone structure that enhances light collection and illumination onto micro-scale solar cells (e.g., similar to 100's microns in diameter). The optical configuration therefore provides a low-intensity, hot-spot-free illumination pattern on the receiver while achieving a concentration-acceptance angle product (CAP) over 1. Designs taking into account practical factors (such as fabrication capabilities, misalignments) achieve a 400X geometric concentration with a +/- 2.4 degrees (90% of peak) acceptance angle (CAP = 0.84) and a 600X geometric concentration with a +/- 2 degrees acceptance angle (CAP = 0.85), allowing low cost, mass production using injection molding. Development and experimental evaluation of a baseline prototype module is also described. C1 [Gu, Tian; Agrawal, Gautam; Haney, Michael W.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Sweatt, William C.; Jared, Bradley H.; Anderson, Ben J.; Goeke, Ron S.; Elisberg, Brenton; Paap, Scott M.; Cruz-Campa, Jose Luis; Gupta, Vipin; Okandan, Murat; Nielson, Gregory N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gu, T (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM tgu@udel.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-218-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9191 AR 91910G DI 10.1117/12.2062286 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PZ UT WOS:000354369000012 ER PT S AU Yellowhair, J Ortega, JD Christian, JM Ho, CK AF Yellowhair, Julius Ortega, Jesus D. Christian, Joshua M. Ho, Clifford K. BE Winston, R Gordon, JM TI Solar optical codes evaluation for modeling and analyzing complex solar receiver geometries SO NONIMAGING OPTICS: EFFICIENT DESIGN FOR ILLUMINATION AND SOLAR CONCENTRATION XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonimaging Optics - Efficient Design for Illumination and Solar Concentration XI CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE concentrating solar power; solar thermal; receiver; solar collector; solar concentrator AB Solar optical modeling tools are valuable for modeling and predicting the performance of solar technology systems. Four optical modeling tools were evaluated using the National Solar Thermal Test Facility heliostat field combined with flat plate receiver geometry as a benchmark. The four optical modeling tools evaluated were DELSOL, HELIOS, SolTrace, and Tonatiuh. All are available for free from their respective developers. DELSOL and HELIOS both use a convolution of the sunshape and optical errors for rapid calculation of the incident irradiance profiles on the receiver surfaces. SolTrace and Tonatiuh use ray-tracing methods to intersect the reflected solar rays with the receiver surfaces and construct irradiance profiles. We found the ray-tracing tools, although slower in computation speed, to be more flexible for modeling complex receiver geometries, whereas DELSOL and HELIOS were limited to standard receiver geometries such as flat plate, cylinder, and cavity receivers. We also list the strengths and deficiencies of the tools to show tool preference depending on the modeling and design needs. We provide an example of using SolTrace for modeling nonconventional receiver geometries. The goal is to transfer the irradiance profiles on the receiver surfaces calculated in an optical code to a computational fluid dynamics code such as ANSYS Fluent. This approach eliminates the need for using discrete ordinance or discrete radiation transfer models, which are computationally intensive, within the CFD code. The irradiance profiles on the receiver surfaces then allows for thermal and fluid analysis on the receiver. C1 [Yellowhair, Julius; Ortega, Jesus D.; Christian, Joshua M.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yellowhair, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jeyello@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-218-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9191 AR 91910M DI 10.1117/12.2062926 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PZ UT WOS:000354369000016 ER PT S AU An, HJ Madsen, KK Westergaard, NJ Boggs, SE Christensen, FE Craig, WW Hailey, CJ Harrison, FA Stern, DK Zhang, WW AF An, Hongjun Madsen, Kristin K. Westergaard, Niels J. Boggs, Steven E. Christensen, Finn E. Craig, William W. Hailey, Charles J. Harrison, Fiona A. Stern, Daniel K. Zhang, William W. BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI In-flight PSF calibration of the NuSTAR hard X-ray optics SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE NuSTAR; X-ray optics; Point Spread Function (PSF); Half Power Diameter (HPD); Calibration ID TELESCOPE AB We present results of the point spread function (PSF) calibration of the hard X-ray optics of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuS TAR). iniiuediately post-launch, NuSTAR has observed bright point sources such as Cyg X-1, Vela X-1, and Her X-1 for the PSF calibration. We use the point source observations taken at several off-axis angles together with a ray-trace model to characterize the in-orbit angular response, and find that the ray-trace model alone does not fit the observed event distributions and applying empirical corrections to the ray-trace model improves the fit significantly. We describe the corrections applied to the ray-trace model and show that the uncertainties in the enclosed energy fraction (EEF) of the new PSF model is less than or similar to 3 for extraction apertures of R greater than or similar to 60" with no significant energy dependence. We also show that the PSF of the NubSTAR optics has been stable over a period of similar to 300 days during its in-orbit operation. C1 [An, Hongjun] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Madsen, Kristin K.; Harrison, Fiona A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Westergaard, Niels J.; Christensen, Finn E.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Boggs, Steven E.; Craig, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Craig, William W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hailey, Charles J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Stern, Daniel K.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zhang, William W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP An, HJ (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM hjan@physics.mcgill.ca OI Madsen, Kristin/0000-0003-1252-4891 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91441Q DI 10.1117/12.2055481 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100051 ER PT S AU Betancourt-Martinez, GL Adams, J Bandler, S Beiersdorfer, P Brown, G Chervenak, J Doriese, R Eckart, M Irwin, K Kelley, R Kilbourne, C Leutenegger, M Porter, FS Reintsema, C Smith, S Ullon, J AF Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L. Adams, Joseph Bandler, Simon Beiersdorfer, Peter Brown, Gregory Chervenak, James Doriese, Randy Eckart, Megan Irwin, Kent Kelley, Richard Kilbourne, Caroline Leutenegger, Maurice Porter, F. Scott Reintsema, Carl Smith, Stephen Ullon, Joel BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI The transition-edge EBIT microcalorimeter spectrometer SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Microcalorimeter; Transition-Edge Sensor; Laboratory Astrophysics ID X-RAY-EMISSION; BEAM ION-TRAP; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE AB The Transition-edge EBIT Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (TEMS) is a 1000-pixel array instrument to be delivered to the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 2015. It will be the first fully operational array of its kind. The TEMS will utilize the unique capabilities of the EBIT to verify and benchmark atomic theory that is critical for the analysis of high-resolution data from microcalorimeter spectrometers aboard the next generation of x-ray observatories. We present spectra from the present instrumentation at EBIT, as well as our latest results with time-division multiplexing using the current iteration of the TEMS focal plane assembly in our test platform at NASA/GSFC. C1 [Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L.; Adams, Joseph; Bandler, Simon; Chervenak, James; Eckart, Megan; Kelley, Richard; Kilbourne, Caroline; Leutenegger, Maurice; Porter, F. Scott; Smith, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L.; Bandler, Simon] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adams, Joseph; Leutenegger, Maurice; Smith, Stephen] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Catonsville, MD USA. [Beiersdorfer, Peter; Brown, Gregory] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Doriese, Randy; Reintsema, Carl; Ullon, Joel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Betancourt-Martinez, GL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gabriele@astro.umd.edu RI Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008 OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91443U DI 10.1117/12.2055568 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100115 ER PT S AU Bloser, PF McConnell, ML Legere, JS Ertley, CD Hill, JE Kippen, RM Ryan, JM AF Bloser, Peter F. McConnell, Mark L. Legere, Jason S. Ertley, Camden D. Hill, Joanne E. Kippen, R. Marc Ryan, James M. BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI A High-Energy Compton Polarimeter for the POET SMEX Mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Gamma-ray Bursts; Polarimetry; Scintillators; Gamma-rays ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; HARD X-RAY AB The primary science goal of the Polarimeters for Energetic Transients (POET) mission is to measure the polarization of gamma-ray bursts over a wide energy range, from X rays to soft gamma rays. The higher-energy portion of this band (50 - 500 keV) will be covered by the High Energy Polarimeter (HEP) instrument, a non-imaging, wide field of view Compton polarimeter. Incident high-energy photons will Compton scatter in low-Z, plastic scintillator detector elements and be subsequently absorbed in high-Z, CsI(Tl) scintillator elements; polarization is detected by measuring an asymmetry in the azimuthal scatter angle distribution. The HEP design is based on our considerable experience with the development and flight of the Gamma-Ray Polarimeter Experiment (GRAPE) balloon payload. We present the design of the POET HEP instrument, which incorporates lessons learned from the GRAPE balloon design and previous work on Explorer proposal efforts, and its expected performance on a two-year SMEX mission. C1 [Bloser, Peter F.; McConnell, Mark L.; Legere, Jason S.; Ertley, Camden D.; Ryan, James M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hill, Joanne E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kippen, R. Marc] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bloser, PF (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Peter.Bloser@unh.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91441I DI 10.1117/12.2056868 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100043 ER PT S AU Brejnholt, NF Descalle, MA Soufli, R Pivovaraff, MJ AF Brejnholt, Nicolai F. Descalle, Marie-Anne Soufli, Regina Pivovaraff, Michael J. BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI Next generation hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray optic design and implementation SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE ID REFLECTION; SCATTERING; ASTRONOMY; MISSION AB We discuss necessary improvements and further studies relevant to the design and eventual implementation of an accurately modeled multilayer coated X-ray optic operating in the hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray regime. The process improvements are substantiated through lessons learnt from NuSTAR. C1 [Brejnholt, Nicolai F.; Descalle, Marie-Anne; Soufli, Regina; Pivovaraff, Michael J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brejnholt, NF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM brejnholt1@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 914419 DI 10.1117/12.2054763 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100036 ER PT S AU Enoto, T Black, JK Kitaguchi, T Hayato, A Hill, JE Jahoda, K Tamagawa, T Kanako, K Takeuchi, Y Yoshikawa, A Marlowe, H Griffiths, S Kaaret, P Kenward, D Khalid, S AF Enoto, Teruaki Black, J. Kevin Kitaguchi, Takao Hayato, Asami Hill, Joanne E. Jahoda, Keith Tamagawa, Toru Kanako, Kenta Takeuchi, Yoko Yoshikawa, Akifumi Marlowe, Hannah Griffiths, Scott Kaaret, Philip Kenward, David Khalid, Syed BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI Performance Verification of the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small explorer (GEMS) X-ray Polarimeter SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE X-ray Polarization; Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS); Time Projection Chamber (TPC); Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) ID LASER ETCHING TECHNIQUE; OPTICAL POLARIZATION; CRAB-NEBULA; PULSAR; EMISSION AB Polarimetry is a powerful tool for astrophysical observations that has yet to be exploited in the X-ray band. For satellite-borne and sounding rocket experiments, we have developed a photoelectric gas polarimeter to measure X-ray polarization in the 2-10 keV range utilizing a time projection chamber (TPC) and advanced micro-pattern gas electron multiplier (GEM) techniques. We carried out performance verification of a flight equivalent unit (1/4 model) which was planned to be launched on the NASA Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) satellite. The test was performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) facility in April 2013. The polarimeter was irradiated with linearly-polarized monochromatic X-rays between 2.3 and 10.0 keV and scanned with a collimated beam at 5 different detector positions. After a systematic investigation of the detector response, a modulation factor >= 35% above 4 keV was obtained with the expected polarization angle. At energies below 4 keV where the photoelectron track becomes short, diffusion in the region between the GEM and readout strips leaves an asymmetric photoelectron image. A correction method retrieves an expected modulation angle, and the expected modulation factor, similar to 20% at 2.7 keV. Folding the measured values of modulation through an instrument model gives sensitivity, parameterized by minimum detectable polarization (MDP), nearly identical to that assumed at the preliminary design review (PDR). C1 [Enoto, Teruaki; Black, J. Kevin; Hill, Joanne E.; Jahoda, Keith; Kenward, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Enoto, Teruaki; Kitaguchi, Takao; Hayato, Asami; Tamagawa, Toru; Kanako, Kenta; Takeuchi, Yoko; Yoshikawa, Akifumi] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Tamagawa, Toru; Kanako, Kenta; Takeuchi, Yoko; Yoshikawa, Akifumi] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjyuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Marlowe, Hannah; Griffiths, Scott; Kaaret, Philip] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Khalid, Syed] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Enoto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM teruaki.enoto@nasa.gov; joe.hill@nasa.gov; keith.m.jahoda@nasa.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91444M DI 10.1117/12.2056841 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100141 ER PT S AU Kierans, CA Boggs, SE Lowell, A Tomsick, J Zoglauer, A Amman, M Chiu, JL Chang, HK Lin, CH Jean, P von Ballmoos, P Yang, CY Shang, JR Tseng, CH Chou, Y Chang, YH AF Kierans, C. A. Boggs, S. E. Lowell, A. Tomsick, J. Zoglauer, A. Amman, M. Chiu, J. -L. Chang, H. -K. Lin, C. -H. Jean, P. von Ballmoos, P. Yang, C. -Y. Shang, J. -R. Tseng, C. -H. Chou, Y. Chang, Y. -H. BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI Calibration of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager in preparation for the 2014 balloon campaign SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Compton telescope; germanium detectors; gamma-ray spectroscopy; gamma-ray polarization; balloon payloads ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; POSITRON-ANNIHILATION; TELESCOPE MISSION; DETECTORS; EMISSION AB The Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) is a balloon-borne soft gamma-ray (0.2-5 MeV) telescope designed to perform wide-field imaging, high-resolution spectroscopy, and novel polarization measurements of astrophysical sources. COSI employs a compact Compton telescope design, utilizing 12 cross-strip germanium detectors to track the path of incident photons, where position and energy deposits from Compton interactions allow for a reconstruction of the source position in the sky, an inherent measure of the linear polarization, and significant background reduction. The instrument has recently been rebuilt with an updated and optimized design; the polarization sensitivity and effective area have increased due to a change in detector configuration, and the new lightweight gondola is suited to fly on ultra-long duration flights with the addition of a mechanical cryocooler system. COSI is planning to launch from the Long Duration Balloon site at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, in December 2014, where our primary science goal will be to measure gamma-ray burst (GRB) polarization. In preparation for the 2014 campaign, we have performed preliminary calibrations of the energy and 3-D position of interactions within the detector, and simulations of the angular resolution and detector efficiency of the integrated instrument. In this paper we will present the science goals for the 2014 COSI campaign and the techniques and results of the preliminary calibrations. C1 [Kierans, C. A.; Boggs, S. E.; Lowell, A.; Tomsick, J.; Zoglauer, A.; Chiu, J. -L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amman, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chiu, J. -L.; Chang, H. -K.; Yang, C. -Y.; Shang, J. -R.; Tseng, C. -H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Astron, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Lin, C. -H.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Jean, P.; von Ballmoos, P.] Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Chou, Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. [Chang, Y. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. RP Kierans, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ckierans@berkeley.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91443M DI 10.1117/12.2055250 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100108 ER PT S AU Marshall, HL Schulz, NS Windt, DL Gullikson, EM Blake, E Getty, D McInturff, Z AF Marshall, Herman L. Schulz, Norbert S. Windt, David L. Gullikson, Eric M. Blake, Eric Getty, Dan McInturff, Zane BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI The Use of Laterally Graded Multi layer Mirrors for Soft X-ray Polarimetry SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE X-ray; polarimeter; astronomy; multilayer; mirror; grating AB We present continued development of laterally graded multilayer mirrors (LGMLs) for a telescope design capable of measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad spectral band. The multilayer-coated mirrors are used as Bragg reflectors at the Brewster angle. By matching to the dispersion of a spectrometer, one may take advantage of high multilayer reflectivities and achieve modulation factors over 50% over the entire 0.2-0.8 keV band. In Phase II of the polarimetry beam-line development, we demonstrated that the system provides 100% polarized X-rays at 0.525 keV (Marshall et al. 2013). Here, we present results from phase III of our development, where a LGML is used at the source and laterally manipulated in order to select and polarize X-rays from emission lines for a variety of source anodes. The beam-line will then provide the capability to test polarimeter components across the 0.15-0.70 keV band. We also present plans for a suborbital rocket experiment designed to detect a polarization level of better than 10% for an active galactic nucleus. C1 [Marshall, Herman L.; Schulz, Norbert S.; Getty, Dan] MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Windt, David L.] Reflect Xray Opt, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gullikson, Eric M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Blake, Eric] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [McInturff, Zane] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Marshall, HL (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hermanm@space.mit.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91441K DI 10.1117/12.2057003 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100045 ER PT S AU McConnell, ML Baring, MG Bloser, P Dwyer, JR Emslie, AG Ertley, CD Greiner, J Harding, AK Hartmann, DH Hille, JE Kaaret, P Kippen, RM Mattingly, D McBreen, S Pearcek, M Produit, N Ryan, JM Ryde, F Sakamoto, T Toma, K Vestrand, WT Zhang, B AF McConnell, Mark L. Baring, Matthew G. Bloser, Peter Dwyer, Joseph R. Emslie, A. Gordon Ertley, Camden D. Greiner, Jochen Harding, Alice K. Hartmann, Dieter H. Hille, Joanne E. Kaaret, Philip Kippen, R. Marc Mattingly, David McBreen, Sheila Pearcek, Mark Produit, Nicolas Ryan, James M. Ryde, Felix Sakamoto, Takanori Toma, Kenji Vestrand, W. Thomas Zhang, Bing BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI POET: a SMEX mission for gamma-ray burst polarimetry SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE X-ray; Gamma-ray; Gamma-ray Burst; polarimeter; satellite ID PROMPT EMISSION; GRB 041219A; POLARIZATION; REANALYSIS; GRB-021206; ASTRONOMY AB Polarimeters for Energetic Transients (POET) is a mission concept designed to fit within the envelope of a NASA Small Explorer (SMEX) mission. POET will use X-ray and gamma-ray polarimetry to uncover the energy release mechanism associated with the formation of stellar-mass black holes and investigate the physics of extreme magnetic fields in the vicinity of compact objects. Two wide-FoV, non-imaging polarimeters will provide polarization measurements over the broad energy range from about 2 keV up to about 500 keV. A Compton scatter polarimeter, using an array of independent scintillation detector elements, will be used to collect data from 50 keV up to 500 keV. At low energies (2-15 keV), data will be provided by a photoelectric polarimeter based on the use of a Time Projection Chamber for photoelectron tracking. During a two-year baseline mission, POET will be able to collect data that will allow us to distinguish between three basic models for the inner jet of gamma-ray bursts. C1 [McConnell, Mark L.; Bloser, Peter; Dwyer, Joseph R.; Ertley, Camden D.; Ryan, James M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McConnell, Mark L.; Bloser, Peter; Dwyer, Joseph R.; Ertley, Camden D.; Ryan, James M.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Baring, Matthew G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. [Emslie, A. Gordon] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Greiner, Jochen] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Harding, Alice K.; Hille, Joanne E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hartmann, Dieter H.] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Kaaret, Philip] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kippen, R. Marc; Vestrand, W. Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Mattingly, David] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [McBreen, Sheila] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Pearcek, Mark; Ryde, Felix] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Stockholm, Sweden. [Produit, Nicolas] ISDC, Data Ctr Astrophys, Versoix, Switzerland. [Sakamoto, Takanori] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Toma, Kenji] Tohoku Univ, Astron Inst, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Zhang, Bing] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP McConnell, ML (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mark.mcconnell@unh.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91440O DI 10.1117/12.2056905 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100020 ER PT S AU Mitsuda, K Kelley, RL Akamatsu, H Bialas, T Boyce, KR Brown, GV Canavan, E Chiao, M Costantini, E den Herder, JW de Vries, C DiPirro, MJ Eckart, ME Ezoe, Y Fujimoto, R Haas, D Hoshino, A Ishikawa, K Ishisaki, Y Iyomoto, N Kilbourne, CA Kimball, M Kitamoto, S Konami, S Leutenegger, MA McCammon, D Miko, J Mitsuishi, I Murakami, H Murakami, M Noda, H Ogawa, M Ohashi, T Okamoto, A Ota, N Paltani, S Porter, FS Sato, K Sato, Y Sawada, M Seta, H Shinozaki, K Shirron, PJ Sneiderman, GA Sugita, H Szymkowiak, A Takei, Y Tamagawa, T Tashiro, MS Terada, Y Tsujimoto, M Yamada, S Yamasaki, NY AF Mitsuda, Kazuhisa Kelley, Richard L. Akamatsu, Hiroki Bialas, Thomas Boyce, Kevin R. Brown, Gregory V. Canavan, Edgar Chiao, Meng Costantini, Elisa den Herder, Jan-Willem de Vries, Cor DiPirro, Michael J. Eckart, Megan E. Ezoe, Yuichiro Fujimoto, Ryuichi Haas, Daniel Hoshino, Akio Ishikawa, Kumi Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Iyomoto, Naoko Kilbourne, Caroline A. Kimball, Mark Kitamoto, Shunji Konami, Saori Leutenegger, Maurice A. McCammon, Dan Miko, Joseph Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Murakami, Hiroshi Murakami, Masahide Noda, Hirofumi Ogawa, Mina Ohashi, Takaya Okamoto, Atsushi Ota, Naomi Paltani, Stephane Porter, F. Scott Sato, Kosuke Sato, Yoichi Sawada, Makoto Seta, Hitomi Shinozaki, Keisuke Shirron, Peter J. Sneiderman, Gary A. Sugita, Hiroyuki Szymkowiak, Andrew Takei, Yoh Tamagawa, Toru Tashiro, Makoto S. Terada, Yukikatsu Tsujimoto, Masahiro Yamada, Shinya Yamasaki, Noriko Y. BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI Soft x-ray spectrometer (SXS): the high-resolution cryogenic spectrometer onboard ASTRO-H SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE X-ray astronomy; Soft X-ray; High resolution X-ray Spectroscopy AB We present the development status of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) onboard the ASTRO-H mission. The SXS provides the capability of high energy-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of a FWHM energy resolution of < 7eV in the energy range of 0.3 - 10 keV. It utilizes an X-ray micorcalorimeter array operated at 50 mK. The SXS microcalorimeter subsystem is being developed in an EM-FM approach. The EM SXS cryostat was developed and fully tested and, although the design was generally confirmed, several anomalies and problems were found. Among them is the interference of the detector with the micro-vibrations from the mechanical coolers, which is the most difficult one to solve. We have pursued three different countermeasures and two of them seem to be effective. So far we have obtained energy resolutions satisfying the requirement with the FM cryostat. C1 [Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Ogawa, Mina; Takei, Yoh; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Yamasaki, Noriko Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Okamoto, Atsushi; Sato, Yoichi; Shinozaki, Keisuke; Sugita, Hiroyuki] JAXA, Aerosp Res & Dev Directorate, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ezoe, Yuichiro; Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Konami, Saori; Ohashi, Takaya; Yamada, Shinya] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. [Fujimoto, Ryuichi; Hoshino, Akio] Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. [Murakami, Masahide] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Seta, Hitomi; Tashiro, Makoto S.; Terada, Yukikatsu] Saitama Univ, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Kitamoto, Shunji] Rikkyo Univ, Tokyo 171, Japan. [Ishikawa, Kumi; Noda, Hirofumi; Tamagawa, Toru] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Kelley, Richard L.; Bialas, Thomas; Boyce, Kevin R.; DiPirro, Michael J.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Kimball, Mark; Porter, F. Scott; Shirron, Peter J.; Sneiderman, Gary A.] NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, MD USA. [McCammon, Dan] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Szymkowiak, Andrew] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Brown, Gregory V.; Canavan, Edgar; Chiao, Meng; Eckart, Megan E.; Leutenegger, Maurice A.; Miko, Joseph] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Akamatsu, Hiroki; Costantini, Elisa; den Herder, Jan-Willem; de Vries, Cor; Haas, Daniel] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Paltani, Stephane] Univ Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. [Iyomoto, Naoko] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Ota, Naomi] Nara Womens Univ, Nara, Japan. [Sato, Kosuke] Tokyo Univ Sci, Tokyo 162, Japan. [Sawada, Makoto] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Tokyo 150, Japan. [Murakami, Hiroshi] Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Mitsuda, K (reprint author), JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. EM mitsuda@astro.isas.jaxa.jp NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91442A DI 10.1117/12.2057199 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100070 ER PT S AU Takahashi, T Mitsuda, K Kelley, R Aharonian, F Akamatsu, H Akimoto, F Allen, S Anabuki, N Angelini, L Arnaud, K Asai, M Audard, M Awaki, H Azzarello, P Baluta, C Bamba, A Bando, N Bautz, M Bialas, T Blandford, R Boyce, K Brenneman, L Brown, G Cackett, E Canavan, E Chernyakova, M Chiao, M Coppi, P Costantini, E de Plaa, J den Herder, JW DiPirro, M Done, C Dotani, T Doty, J Ebisawa, K Enotor, T Ezoe, Y Fabian, A Ferrigno, C Foster, A Fujimoto, R Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Furuzawa, A Galeazzi, M Gallo, L Gandhi, P Gilmore, K Guainazzi, M Haas, D Haba, Y Hamaguchi, K Harayama, A Hatsukade, I Hayashi, K Hayashi, T Hayashida, K Hiraga, J Hirose, K Hornschemeier, A Hoshino, A Hughes, J Hwang, U Iizuka, R Inoue, Y Ishibashi, K Ishida, M Ishikawa, K Ishimura, K Ishisaki, Y Itoh, M Iwata, N Iyomoto, N Jewell, C Kaastra, J Kallman, T Kamae, T Kataoka, J Katsuda, S Katsuta, J Kawaharada, M Kawai, N Kawano, T Kawasaki, S Khangaluyan, D Kilbourne, C Kimball, M Kimura, M Kitamoto, S Kitayama, T Kohmura, T Kokubun, M Konami, S Kosaka, T Koujelev, A Koyama, K Krimm, H Kubota, A Kunieda, H LaMassa, S Laurent, P Lebrun, F Leutenegger, M Limousin, O Loewenstein, M Long, K Lumb, D Madejski, G Maeda, Y Makishima, K Markevitch, M Masters, C Matsumoto, H Matsushita, K McCammon, D McGuinness, D McNamara, B Miko, J Miller, J Miller, E Mineshige, S Minesugi, K Mitsuishi, I Miyazawa, T Mizuno, T Mori, K Mori, H Moroso, F Muench, T Mukai, K Murakami, H Murakami, T Mushotzky, R Nagano, H Nagino, R Nakagawa, T Nakajima, H Nakamori, T Nakashima, S Nakazawa, K Namba, Y Natsukari, C Nishioka, Y Nobukawa, M Noda, H Nomachi, M Dell, SO Odaka, H Ogawa, H Ogawa, M Ogi, K Ohashi, T Ohno, M Ohta, M Okajima, T Okazaki, T Ota, N Ozaki, M Paerels, F Paltani, S Parmar, A Petre, R Pinto, C Pohl, M Pontius, J Porter, FS Pottschmidt, K Ramsey, B Reis, R Reynolds, C Ricci, C Russell, H Safi-Harb, S Saito, S Sakai, S Sameshima, H Sato, K Sato, R Sato, G Sawada, M Serlemitsos, P Seta, H Shibano, Y Shida, M Shimada, T Shirron, P Simionescu, A Simmons, C Smith, R Sneiderman, G Soong, Y Stawarz, L Sugawara, Y Sugita, S Szymkowiak, A Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, H Takeda, S Takei, Y Tamagawa, T Tamura, K Tamura, T Tanaka, T Tanaka, Y Tanaka, Y Tashiro, M Tawara, Y Terada, Y Terashima, Y Tombesi, F Tomida, H Tsuboi, Y Tsujimoto, M Tsunemi, H Tsuru, T Uchida, H Uchiyama, H Uchiyama, Y Ueda, Y Uedag, S Ueno, S Uno, S Urry, M Ursino, E de Vries, C Wada, A Watanabe, S Watanabe, T Werner, N White, N Wilkins, D Yamada, S Yamada, T Yamaguchi, H Yamaoka, K Yamasaki, N Yamauchi, M Yamauchi, S Yadoob, T Yatsu, Y Yonetoku, D Yoshida, A Yuasa, T Zhuravleva, I Zoghbi, A ZuHone, J AF Takahashi, Tadayuki Mitsuda, Kazuhisa Kelley, Richard Aharonian, Felix Akamatsu, Hiroki Akimoto, Fumie Allen, Steve Anabuki, Naohisa Angelini, Lorella Arnaud, Keith Asai, Makoto Audard, Marc Awaki, Hisamitsu Azzarello, Philipp Baluta, Chris Bamba, Aya Bando, Nobutaka Bautz, Marshall Bialas, Thomas Blandford, Roger Boyce, Kevin Brenneman, Laura Brown, Greg Cackett, Edward Canavan, Edgar Chernyakova, Maria Chiao, Meng Coppi, Paolo Costantini, Elisa de Plaa, Jelle den Herder, Jan-Willem DiPirro, Michael Done, Chris Dotani, Tadayasu Doty, John Ebisawa, Ken Enotor, Teruaki Ezoe, Yuichiro Fabian, Andrew Ferrigno, Carlo Foster, Adam Fujimoto, Ryuichi Fukazawa, Yasushi Funk, Stefan Furuzawa, Akihiro Galeazzi, Massimiliano Gallo, Luigi Gandhi, Poshak Gilmore, Kirk Guainazzi, Matteo Haas, Daniel Haba, Yoshito Hamaguchi, Kenji Harayama, Atsushi Hatsukade, Isamu Hayashi, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Takayuki Hayashida, Kiyoshi Hiraga, Junko Hirose, Kazuyuki Hornschemeier, Ann Hoshino, Akio Hughes, John Hwang, Una Iizuka, Ryo Inoue, Yoshiyuki Ishibashi, Kazunori Ishida, Manabu Ishikawa, Kumi Ishimura, Kosei Ishisaki, Yoshitaka Itoh, Masayuki Iwata, Naoko Iyomoto, Naoko Jewell, Chris Kaastra, Jelle Kallman, Timothy Kamae, Tuneyoshi Kataoka, Jun Katsuda, Satoru Katsuta, Junichiro Kawaharada, Madoka Kawai, Nobuyuki Kawano, Taro Kawasaki, Shigeo Khangaluyan, Dmitry Kilbourne, Caroline Kimball, Mark Kimura, Masashi Kitamoto, Shunji Kitayama, Tetsu Kohmura, Takayoshi Kokubun, Motohide Konami, Saori Kosaka, Tatsuro Koujelev, Alexander Koyama, Katsuji Krimm, Hans Kubota, Aya Kunieda, Hideyo LaMassa, Stephanie Laurent, Philippe Lebrun, Francois Leutenegger, Maurice Limousin, Olivier Loewenstein, Michael Long, Knox Lumb, David Madejski, Grzegorz Maeda, Yoshitomo Makishima, Kazuo Markevitch, Maxim Masters, Candace Matsumoto, Hironori Matsushita, Kyoko McCammon, Dan McGuinness, Daniel McNamara, Brian Miko, Joseph Miller, Jon Miller, Eric Mineshige, Shin Minesugi, Kenji Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Miyazawa, Takuya Mizuno, Tsunefumi Mori, Koji Mori, Hideyuki Moroso, Franco Muench, Theodore Mukai, Koji Murakami, Hiroshi Murakami, Toshio Mushotzky, Richard Nagano, Housei Nagino, Ryo Nakagawa, Takao Nakajima, Hiroshi Nakamori, Takeshi Nakashima, Shinya Nakazawa, Kazuhiro Namba, Yoshiharu Natsukari, Chikara Nishioka, Yusuke Nobukawa, Masayoshi Noda, Hirofumi Nomachi, Masaharu Dell, Steve O' Odaka, Hirokazu Ogawa, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Mina Ogi, Keiji Ohashi, Takaya Ohno, Masanori Ohta, Masayuki Okajima, Takashi Okazaki, Tsuyoshi Ota, Naomi Ozaki, Masanobu Paerels, Frits Paltani, Stephane Parmar, Arvind Petre, Robert Pinto, Ciro Pohl, Martin Pontius, James Porter, F. Scott Pottschmidt, Katja Ramsey, Brian Reis, Rubens Reynolds, Christopher Ricci, Claudio Russell, Helen Safi-Harb, Samar Saito, Shinya Sakai, Shin-ichiro Sameshima, Hiroaki Sato, Kosuke Sato, Rie Sato, Goro Sawada, Makoto Serlemitsos, Peter Seta, Hiromi Shibano, Yasuko Shida, Maki Shimada, Takanobu Shirron, Peter Simionescu, Aurora Simmons, Cynthia Smith, Randall Sneiderman, Gary Soong, Yang Stawarz, Lukasz Sugawara, Yasuharu Sugita, Satoshi Szymkowiak, Andrew Tajima, Hiroyasu Takahashi, Hiroaki Takahashi, Hiromitsu Takeda, Shin-ichiro Takei, Yoh Tamagawa, Toru Tamura, Keisuke Tamura, Takayuki Tanaka, Takaaki Tanaka, Yasuyuki Tanaka, Yasuo Tashiro, Makoto Tawara, Yuzuru Terada, Yukikatsu Terashima, Yuichi Tombesi, Francesco Tomida, Hiroshi Tsuboi, Yoko Tsujimoto, Masahiro Tsunemi, Hiroshi Tsuru, Takeshi Uchida, Hiroyuki Uchiyama, Hideki Uchiyama, Yasunobu Ueda, Yoshihiro Uedag, Shutaro Ueno, Shiro Uno, Shinichiro Urry, Meg Ursino, Eugenio de Vries, Cor Wada, Atsushi Watanabe, Shin Watanabe, Tomomi Werner, Norbert White, Nicholas Wilkins, Dan Yamada, Shinya Yamada, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Hiroya Yamaoka, Kazutaka Yamasaki, Noriko Yamauchi, Makoto Yamauchi, Shigeo Yadoob, Tahir Yatsu, Yoichi Yonetoku, Daisuke Yoshida, Atsumasa Yuasa, Takayuki Zhuravleva, Irina Zoghbi, Abderahmen ZuHone, John BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI The ASTRO-H X-ray Astronomy Satellite SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE X-ray; Hard X-ray; Gamma-ray; X-ray Astronomy; Gamma-ray Astronomy; micro-calorimeter ID TELESCOPE; DETECTORS; MISSION AB The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), with a planned launch in 2015. The ASTRO-H mission is equipped with a suite of sensitive instruments with the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E > 3 keV and a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft X-rays to gamma-rays. The simultaneous broad band pass, coupled with the high spectral resolution of Delta E <= 7 eV of the micro-calorimeter, will enable a wide variety of important science themes to be pursued. ASTRO-H is expected to provide breakthrough results in scientific areas as diverse as the large-scale structure of the Universe and its evolution, the behavior of matter in the gravitational strong field regime, the physical conditions in sites of cosmic-ray acceleration, and the distribution of dark matter in galaxy clusters at different redshifts. C1 [Takahashi, Tadayuki; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Baluta, Chris; Bando, Nobutaka; Dotani, Tadayasu; Ebisawa, Ken; Harayama, Atsushi; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Hayashi, Takayuki; Hirose, Kazuyuki; Iizuka, Ryo; Inoue, Yoshiyuki; Ishida, Manabu; Ishimura, Kosei; Iwata, Naoko; Katsuda, Satoru; Kawaharada, Madoka; Kawano, Taro; Kawasaki, Shigeo; Khangaluyan, Dmitry; Kokubun, Motohide; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Minesugi, Kenji; Nakagawa, Takao; Nakashima, Shinya; Natsukari, Chikara; Odaka, Hirokazu; Ogawa, Hiroyuki; Ogawa, Mina; Ohta, Masayuki; Okazaki, Tsuyoshi; Ozaki, Masanobu; Saito, Shinya; Sakai, Shin-ichiro; Sameshima, Hiroaki; Sato, Rie; Shibano, Yasuko; Shida, Maki; Shimada, Takanobu; Simionescu, Aurora; Stawarz, Lukasz; Takeda, Shin-ichiro; Takei, Yoh; Tamura, Takayuki; Tanaka, Yasuo; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Wada, Atsushi; Watanabe, Shin; Yamada, Takahiro; Yamasaki, Noriko] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Kelley, Richard; Angelini, Lorella; Boyce, Kevin; Brenneman, Laura; Canavan, Edgar; Chiao, Meng; DiPirro, Michael; Hornschemeier, Ann; Kallman, Timothy; Kilbourne, Caroline; Kimball, Mark; Krimm, Hans; Leutenegger, Maurice; Loewenstein, Michael; Markevitch, Maxim; Masters, Candace; McGuinness, Daniel; Miko, Joseph; Muench, Theodore; Mukai, Koji; Okajima, Takashi; Petre, Robert; Pontius, James; Porter, F. Scott; Pottschmidt, Katja; Serlemitsos, Peter; Shirron, Peter; Simmons, Cynthia; Sneiderman, Gary; Soong, Yang; Tombesi, Francesco; Watanabe, Tomomi; White, Nicholas; Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Yadoob, Tahir; ZuHone, John] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Aharonian, Felix; Chernyakova, Maria] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Astron & Astrophys Sect, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Akamatsu, Hiroki; Bialas, Thomas; Costantini, Elisa; de Plaa, Jelle; den Herder, Jan-Willem; Haas, Daniel; Kaastra, Jelle; de Vries, Cor] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Akimoto, Fumie; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Ishibashi, Kazunori; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Miyazawa, Takuya; Mori, Hideyuki; Nagano, Housei; Tajima, Hiroyasu; Tamura, Keisuke; Tawara, Yuzuru; Yamaoka, Kazutaka] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Nagoya, Aichi 3388570, Japan. [Allen, Steve; Asai, Makoto; Blandford, Roger; Funk, Stefan; Gilmore, Kirk; Kamae, Tuneyoshi; Madejski, Grzegorz; Werner, Norbert; Zhuravleva, Irina] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Kavli Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Anabuki, Naohisa; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Nagino, Ryo; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Hiroaki; Tsunemi, Hiroshi; Uedag, Shutaro] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Arnaud, Keith; Hamaguchi, Kenji] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 21250 USA. [Audard, Marc; Azzarello, Philipp; Ferrigno, Carlo; Paltani, Stephane; Pohl, Martin] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Awaki, Hisamitsu; Ogi, Keiji; Sugita, Satoshi; Terashima, Yuichi] Ehime Univ, Dept Phys, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Bamba, Aya; Sawada, Makoto; Yoshida, Atsumasa] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Kanagawa 2298558, Japan. [Bautz, Marshall; Miller, Eric] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Brown, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brown, Greg; Cackett, Edward; Fabian, Andrew; Pinto, Ciro; Russell, Helen] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Coppi, Paolo; LaMassa, Stephanie; Szymkowiak, Andrew; Urry, Meg] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Coppi, Paolo; LaMassa, Stephanie; Szymkowiak, Andrew; Urry, Meg] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Done, Chris; Gandhi, Poshak] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Enotor, Teruaki; Ishikawa, Kumi; Noda, Hirofumi; Tamagawa, Toru; Yuasa, Takayuki] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Ezoe, Yuichiro; Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Konami, Saori; Ohashi, Takaya; Yamada, Shinya] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Foster, Adam; Smith, Randall] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fujimoto, Ryuichi; Murakami, Toshio; Yonetoku, Daisuke] Kanazawa Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Fukazawa, Yasushi; Katsuta, Junichiro; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Ohno, Masanori; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Tanaka, Yasuyuki] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Galeazzi, Massimiliano; Ursino, Eugenio] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Gallo, Luigi; Wilkins, Dan] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Guainazzi, Matteo; Jewell, Chris; Lumb, David] Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Haba, Yoshito] Aichi Univ Educ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kariya, Aichi 4488543, Japan. [Hatsukade, Isamu; Mori, Koji; Nishioka, Yusuke; Yamauchi, Makoto] Miyazaki Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Hiraga, Junko; Makishima, Kazuo; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Hoshino, Akio; Kitamoto, Shunji; Uchiyama, Yasunobu] Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. [Hughes, John] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hwang, Una] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Itoh, Masayuki] Kobe Univ, Fac Human Dev, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Kataoka, Jun; Sato, Goro] Waseda Univ, Res Inst Sci & Engn, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. [Kawai, Nobuyuki; Yatsu, Yoichi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kimura, Masashi; Tomida, Hiroshi; Ueno, Shiro] Tsukuba Space Ctr TKSC, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Kitayama, Tetsu] Toho Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2748510, Japan. [Kohmura, Takayoshi; Matsushita, Kyoko; McNamara, Brian; Sato, Kosuke] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Kosaka, Tatsuro] Kochi Univ Technol, Sch Syst Engn, Kochi 7828502, Japan. [Koujelev, Alexander; Moroso, Franco] Canadian Space Agcy John H Chapman Space Ctr, Space Explorat Dev Space Explorat, St Hubert, PQ J3Y 8Y9, Canada. [Koyama, Katsuji; Nobukawa, Masayoshi; Tanaka, Takaaki; Tsuru, Takeshi; Uchida, Hiroyuki] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kubota, Aya] Shibaura Inst Technol, Dept Elect Informat Syst, Saitama 3378570, Japan. [Laurent, Philippe; Lebrun, Francois; Limousin, Olivier] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Long, Knox] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McCammon, Dan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Miller, Jon; Reis, Rubens] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mineshige, Shin; Ricci, Claudio; Ueda, Yoshihiro] Kyoto Univ, Dept Astron, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Murakami, Hiroshi] Tohoku Gakuin Univ, Fac Liberal Arts, Dept Informat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9813193, Japan. [Mushotzky, Richard; Reynolds, Christopher; Zoghbi, Abderahmen] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nakamori, Takeshi] Yamagata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Yamagata 9908560, Japan. [Namba, Yoshiharu] Chubu Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kasugai, Aichi 4878501, Japan. [Nomachi, Masaharu] Osaka Univ, Nucl Studies Lab, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Dell, Steve O'; Ramsey, Brian] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Ota, Naomi; Yamauchi, Shigeo] Nara Womens Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Nara, Nara 6308506, Japan. [Paerels, Frits] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Parmar, Arvind] European Space Agcy, European Space Astron Ctr, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Safi-Harb, Samar] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Seta, Hiromi; Tashiro, Makoto; Terada, Yukikatsu] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Sugawara, Yasuharu; Tsuboi, Yoko] Chuo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128551, Japan. [Uchiyama, Hideki] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Educ, Sci Educ, Suruga Ku, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. [Uno, Shinichiro] Nihon Fukushi Univ, Fac Social & Informat Sci, Aichi 4750012, Japan. RP Takahashi, T (reprint author), JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. RI done, chris/D-4605-2016; Zoghbi, Abderahmen/A-8445-2017; OI done, chris/0000-0002-1065-7239; Zoghbi, Abderahmen/0000-0002-0572-9613; Parmar, Arvind/0000-0002-3307-6517; Limousin, Olivier/0000-0002-8794-5853; Inoue, Yoshiyuki/0000-0002-7272-1136; Urry, Meg/0000-0002-0745-9792; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 62 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 914425 DI 10.1117/12.2055681 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100065 ER PT J AU Piazza, L Ma, C Yang, HX Mann, A Zhu, Y Li, JQ Carbone, F AF Piazza, L. Ma, C. Yang, H. X. Mann, A. Zhu, Y. Li, J. Q. Carbone, F. TI Ultrafast structural and electronic dynamics of the metallic phase in a layered manganite SO STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-ORDERING TRANSITIONS; MICROSCOPY; PHYSICS; WAVES AB The transition between different states in manganites can be driven by various external stimuli. Controlling these transitions with light opens the possibility to investigate the microscopic path through which they evolve. We performed femtosecond (fs) transmission electron microscopy on a bi-layered manganite to study its response to ultrafast photoexcitation. We show that a photoinduced temperature jump launches a pressure wave that provokes coherent oscillations of the lattice parameters, detected via ultrafast electron diffraction. Their impact on the electronic structure are monitored via ultrafast electron energy loss spectroscopy, revealing the dynamics of the different orbitals in response to specific structural distortions. (C) 2013 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Piazza, L.; Mann, A.; Carbone, F.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ICMP, Lab Ultrafast Microscopy & Electron Scattering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Ma, C.; Yang, H. X.; Li, J. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Piazza, L (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ICMP, Lab Ultrafast Microscopy & Electron Scattering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Ma, Chao/J-4569-2015; Carbone, Fabrizio/A-2969-2012; EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016 FU ERC [USED258697]; National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program [2012CB821404]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [YZ201258]; U.S. DOE/BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Work at LUMES was supported by the ERC starting grant USED258697. Work at Institute of Physics, CAS, was supported by National Basic Research Program of China 973 Program (Grant No. 2012CB821404) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YZ201258). Work at BNL was supported by the U.S. DOE/BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2329-7778 J9 STRUCT DYNAM-US JI Struct. Dyn.-US PD JAN PY 2014 VL 1 IS 1 AR 014501 DI 10.1063/1.4835116 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA CI7ZV UT WOS:000354987500004 PM 26913564 ER PT S AU Bui, H Leigh, J Vishwanath, V Finkel, H Habib, S Heitmann, K Papka, M Harms, K AF Bui, Huy Leigh, Jason Vishwanath, Venkatram Finkel, Hal Habib, Salman Heitmann, Katrin Papka, Michael Harms, Kevin BE Aldinucci, M DAgostino, D Kilpatrick, P TI Scalable parallel I/O on a Blue Gene/Q supercomputer using compression, topology-aware data aggregation, and subfiling SO 2014 22ND EUROMICRO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL, DISTRIBUTED, AND NETWORK-BASED PROCESSING (PDP 2014) SE Euromicro Conference on Parallel Distributed and Network-Based Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP) CY FEB 12-14, 2014 CL Turin, ITALY SP NVidia Corp, IBM Corp, E4 Comp Engn, Sistemi HS, Univ Turin, Comp Sci Dept, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci, Italian Chapter, Regione Piemonte, Turismo Torino & Provincia AB In this paper, we propose an approach to improving the I/O performance of an IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputing system using a novel framework that can be integrated into high performance applications. We take advantage of the systems tremendous computing resources and high interconnection bandwidth among compute nodes to efficiently exploit I/O bandwidth. This approach focuses on lossless data compression, topology-aware data movement, and subfiling. The efficacy of this solution is demonstrated using microbenchmarks and an application-level benchmark. C1 [Bui, Huy; Leigh, Jason] Univ Illinois, Elect Visualizat Lab, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Vishwanath, Venkatram; Finkel, Hal; Habib, Salman; Heitmann, Katrin; Papka, Michael; Harms, Kevin] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bui, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Elect Visualizat Lab, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM abui4@uic.edu; spiff@uic.edu; venkat@anl.gov; hfinkel@anl.gov; habib@anl.gov; heitmann@anl.gov; papka@anl.gov; harms@alcf.anl.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1066-6192 BN 978-1-4799-2728-9 J9 EUROMICRO WORKSHOP P PY 2014 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1109/PDP.2014.60 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC6II UT WOS:000353964700015 ER PT S AU Chervenak, AL Sim, A Gu, JM Schuler, R Hirpathak, N AF Chervenak, Ann L. Sim, Alex Gu, Junmin Schuler, Robert Hirpathak, Nandan BE Aldinucci, M DAgostino, D Kilpatrick, P TI Efficient Data Staging Using Performance-Based Adaptation and Policy-Based Resource Allocation SO 2014 22ND EUROMICRO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL, DISTRIBUTED, AND NETWORK-BASED PROCESSING (PDP 2014) SE Euromicro Conference on Parallel Distributed and Network-Based Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP) CY FEB 12-14, 2014 CL Turin, ITALY SP NVidia Corp, IBM Corp, E4 Comp Engn, Sistemi HS, Univ Turin, Comp Sci Dept, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci, Italian Chapter, Regione Piemonte, Turismo Torino & Provincia DE data transfer; performance-based adaptation; policy-based resource allocation AB Before scientific analyses run on shared infrastructure, such as the Open Science Grid or XSEDE, scientists must often transfer or stage key data sets those resources. Often these datasets consist of many files that may be transferred by multiple clients in parallel. We study two techniques that improve the use of available resources for these large, long-running, multi-file transfers. First, we adapt transfer parameters for multi-file transfers based on recent transfer performance. Second, we use VO and site policies to influence the allocation of system resources for transfers, such as available transfer streams. We describe our system design and summarize its implementation and performance. C1 [Chervenak, Ann L.; Schuler, Robert; Hirpathak, Nandan] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. [Sim, Alex; Gu, Junmin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Sci Data Management Res Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chervenak, AL (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. EM annc@isi.edu; asim@lbl.gov; jgu@lbl.gov; schuler@isi.edu; nandan@isi.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1066-6192 BN 978-1-4799-2728-9 J9 EUROMICRO WORKSHOP P PY 2014 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1109/PDP.2014.49 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC6II UT WOS:000353964700037 ER PT S AU Naughton, T Engelmann, C Vallee, G Bohm, S AF Naughton, Thomas Engelmann, Christian Vallee, Geoffroy Boehm, Swen BE Aldinucci, M DAgostino, D Kilpatrick, P TI Supporting the Development of Resilient Message Passing Applications using Simulation SO 2014 22ND EUROMICRO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL, DISTRIBUTED, AND NETWORK-BASED PROCESSING (PDP 2014) SE Euromicro Conference on Parallel Distributed and Network-Based Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP) CY FEB 12-14, 2014 CL Turin, ITALY SP NVidia Corp, IBM Corp, E4 Comp Engn, Sistemi HS, Univ Turin, Comp Sci Dept, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci, Italian Chapter, Regione Piemonte, Turismo Torino & Provincia DE High-performance Computing; Message Passing Interface; Algorithm-based Fault Tolerance; Parallel Discrete Event Simulation; Performance Prediction ID MIGRATION AB An emerging aspect of high-performance computing (HPC) hardware/software co-design is investigating performance under failure. The work in this paper extends the Extreme-scale Simulator (xSim), which was designed for evaluating the performance of message passing interface (MPI) applications on future HPC architectures, with fault-tolerant MPI extensions proposed by the MPI Fault Tolerance Working Group. xSim permits running MPI applications with millions of concurrent MPI ranks, while observing application performance in a simulated extreme-scale system using a lightweight parallel discrete event simulation. The newly added features offer user-level failure mitigation (ULFM) extensions at the simulated MPI layer to support algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT). The presented solution permits investigating performance under failure and failure handling of ABFT solutions. The newly enhanced xSim is the very first performance tool that supports ULFM and ABFT. C1 [Naughton, Thomas; Engelmann, Christian; Vallee, Geoffroy; Boehm, Swen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Naughton, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM naughtont@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov; valleegr@ornl.gov; bohms@ornl.gov OI Boehm, Swen/0000-0003-2902-4906 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1066-6192 BN 978-1-4799-2728-9 J9 EUROMICRO WORKSHOP P PY 2014 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1109/PDP.2014.74 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC6II UT WOS:000353964700041 ER PT S AU Mills, B Znati, T Melhem, R Ferreira, KB Grant, RE AF Mills, Bryan Znati, Taieb Melhem, Rami Ferreira, Kurt B. Grant, Ryan E. BE Aldinucci, M DAgostino, D Kilpatrick, P TI Energy Consumption of Resilience Mechanisms in Large Scale Systems SO 2014 22ND EUROMICRO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL, DISTRIBUTED, AND NETWORK-BASED PROCESSING (PDP 2014) SE Euromicro Conference on Parallel Distributed and Network-Based Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP) CY FEB 12-14, 2014 CL Turin, ITALY SP NVidia Corp, IBM Corp, E4 Comp Engn, Sistemi HS, Univ Turin, Comp Sci Dept, European Assoc Theoret Comp Sci, Italian Chapter, Regione Piemonte, Turismo Torino & Provincia DE shadow computing; fault tolerance; scheduling; resilience; energy-aware AB As HPC systems continue to grow to meet the requirements of tomorrow's exascale-class systems, two of the biggest challenges are power consumption and system resilience. On current systems, the dominant resilience technique is checkpoint/restart. It is believed, however, that this technique alone will not scale to the level necessary to support future systems. Therefore, alternative methods have been suggested to augment checkpoint/restart - for example process replication. In this paper we address both resilience and power together, this is in contrast to much of the competed work which does so independently. Using an analytical model that accounts for both power consumption and failures, we study the performance of checkpoint and replication-based techniques on current and future systems and use power measurements from current systems to validate our findings. Lastly, in an attempt to optimize power consumption for replication, we introduce a new protocol termed shadow replication which not only reduces energy consumption but also produces faster response times than checkpoint/restart and traditional replication when operating under system power constraints. C1 [Mills, Bryan; Znati, Taieb; Melhem, Rami] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Ferreira, Kurt B.; Grant, Ryan E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Syst Software, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mills, B (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM bmills@cs.pitt.edu; znati@cs.pitt.edu; melhem@cs.pitt.edu; kbferre@sandia.gov; regrant@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1066-6192 BN 978-1-4799-2728-9 J9 EUROMICRO WORKSHOP P PY 2014 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.1109/PDP.2014.111 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC6II UT WOS:000353964700079 ER PT J AU Kelly, RT AF Kelly, Ryan T. BE Foret, F Krenkova, J Drobnikova, I Guttman, A Kleparnik, K TI MICROFLUIDICS COUPLED WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR ONLINE MONITORING OF DYNAMIC BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SO CECE 2014: 11TH INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY MEETING ON BIOANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Interdisciplinary Meeting on Bioanalysis CY OCT 20-22, 2014 CL Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kelly, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008 OI Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ASCR, V V I-IAC PI BRNO PA VEVERI 967-97, BRNO, 60200, CZECH REPUBLIC BN 978-80-904959-2-0 PY 2014 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BC6WX UT WOS:000354547400012 ER PT S AU Cansizoglu, H Cansizoglu, MF Yurukcu, M Khudhayer, WJ Kariuki, N Myers, DJ Shaikh, AU Karabacak, T AF Cansizoglu, H. Cansizoglu, M. F. Yurukcu, M. Khudhayer, W. J. Kariuki, N. Myers, D. J. Shaikh, A. U. Karabacak, T. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Davydov, AV Islam, MS TI SAD-GLAD core-shell nanorod arrays for fuel cell, photodetector, and solar cell electrode applications SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices VI CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Small angle deposition; glancing angle deposition; core-shell nanostructures; conformal coating; fuel cell; oxygen reduction reaction; solar cell; photodetector ID GLANCING ANGLE DEPOSITION; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; THIN-FILMS; CATALYSTS AB The glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique, unlike a conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, incorporates a flux of atoms that are obliquely incident on a tilted and rotating substrate. Instead of a continuous thin film coating, these atoms can form arrays of three-dimensional nanostructures due to a shadowing effect. By simply controlling the deposition angle and substrate rotation speed, nanostructures of a large variety of materials in the shapes of rods, screws, or springs can be obtained easily that are otherwise difficult to produce by conventional lithographical techniques. In this study, a brief overview of the growth mechanisms of GLAD nanostructures is presented. In addition, a new small angle deposition (SAD) technique as a simple means of conformally coating nanorod or nanowire arrays is described. SAD utilizes a small tilt angle during PVD on nanostructured substrates, which allows the effective exposure of nanorod sidewalls to the incoming flux and leads to enhanced thin film conformality. In this work, some recent results on core-shell nanorod arrays obtained by coating GLAD nanorods with a SAD shell will be presented. It will be shown that core-shell nanostructured geometries obtained by the simple SAD-GLAD method can significantly enhance catalyst activity for fuel cell electrodes, and charge carrier collection efficiency in photoconductive/semiconductor nanostructured materials. C1 [Cansizoglu, H.; Cansizoglu, M. F.; Yurukcu, M.; Karabacak, T.] UALR, Dept Phys & Astron, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Khudhayer, W. J.] Univ Babylon, Dept Elect Engn, Babylon, Iraq. [Kariuki, N.; Myers, D. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shaikh, A. U.] UALR, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. RP Cansizoglu, H (reprint author), UALR, Dept Phys & Astron, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM txkarabacak@ualr.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-201-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9174 AR 917411 DI 10.1117/12.2063117 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BC6WG UT WOS:000354521700010 ER PT S AU Yoo, J Nguyen, BM Dayeh, SA Schuele, P Evans, D Picraux, ST AF Yoo, Jinkyoung Binh-Minh Nguyen Dayeh, Shadi A. Schuele, Paul Evans, David Picraux, S. T. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Davydov, AV Islam, MS TI Silicon epitaxy in nanoscale for photovoltaic applications SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices VI CY AUG 19-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Silicon; Nanowires; Photovoltaics; Epitaxy; Radial p-i-n junction AB Nanostructures provide novel opportunities of studying epitaxy in nano/mesoscale and on nonplanar substrates. Epitaxial growth of silicon (Si) on the surfaces of Si nanowires along radial direction is a promising way to prepare radial p-(i)-n junction in nanoscale for optoelectronic devices. Comprehensive studies of Si radial epitaxy in micro/nanoscale reveal that morphological evolution and size-dependent radial shell growth rate for undoped and doped Si radial shells. Single crystalline Si radial p-i-n junction wire arrays were utilized to fabricate photovoltaic (PV) devices. The PV devices exhibited the photoconversion efficiency of 10%, the short-circuit current density of 39 mA/cm(2), and the open-circuit voltage of 0.52 V, respectively. C1 [Yoo, Jinkyoung; Binh-Minh Nguyen; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dayeh, Shadi A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92903 USA. [Schuele, Paul; Evans, David] Sharp Labs Amer, Camas, WA 98607 USA. RP Yoo, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-201-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9174 AR 917407 DI 10.1117/12.2065696 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BC6WG UT WOS:000354521700002 ER PT S AU Mao, J Tiedemann, W Newman, J AF Mao, Jing Tiedemann, William Newman, John BE Andrews, DL Nunzi, JM Ostendorf, A TI Simulation of Li-ion Cells by Dualfoil Model under Constant-Resistance Load SO NANOPHOTONICS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics V CY APR 13-17, 2014 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP SPIE, Brussels Photon Team, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek ID BATTERY ELECTROLYTES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; INSERTION CELL; LITHIUM; CHARGE; OPTIMIZATION; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODES; INTERFACE; SYSTEMS AB The Dualfoil model is used to simulate the electrochemical behavior and temperature rise for MCMB/LiCoO2 Li-ion cells under constant-resistance load operation, approaching a short-circuit condition. Electrolyte and solid surface concentration profiles of lithium-ion across the cell at various time scales are developed and analyzed to explain the lithium-ion transport limitations. Sensitivity simulative tests are conducted using selected values of the heat-transfer coefficient, lithium-ion diffusion coefficient in the solution and solid phases, electrode kinetic rate constants, and film resistance. Radial mass transport of lithium from the center of the pore to the pore wall (in the CoO2) has been added to the model to describe better current limitations at very high discharge currents. The results show that excessive overheating in batteries can result under conditions approaching short circuit. C1 [Mao, Jing; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-074-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9126 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1149/05848.0071ecst PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA9EN UT WOS:000339318700007 ER PT S AU Malone, RM Cata, BM Daykin, EP Esquibel, DL Frogget, BC Holtkam, DB Kaufman, MI McGillivray, KD Palagi, MJ Pazuchanics, P Romero, VT Sorenson, DS AF Malone, Robert M. Cata, Brian M. Daykin, Edward P. Esquibel, David L. Frogget, Brent C. Holtkam, David B. Kaufman, Morris I. McGillivray, Kevin D. Palagi, Martin J. Pazuchanics, Peter Romero, Vincent T. Sorenson, Danny S. BE Sasian, J Youngworth, RN TI Photonic Doppler velocimetry probe designed with stereo imaging SO OPTICAL SYSTEM ALIGNMENT, TOLERANCING, AND VERIFICATION VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification CY AUG 17-18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Photonic Doppler velocimetry; PDV; pyramid reflector; optical metrology; velocimetry; optical alignment; stereo imaging AB The velocity distribution of an imploding curved surface is measured with a miniature fiber-optic probe. The probe uses fiber matrix arrays that are focused onto different regions of this curved surface. A pyramid reflector deflects the interrogation onto specific regions of this curved surface. The fiber arrays record velocity along several hundred lines of sight with sub-nanosecond resolution. Reflected light from each spot on the moving surface is Doppler shifted with a small portion of this light propagating backwards through the launching fiber. The reflected light is mixed with a reference laser in a technique called Photonic Doppler velocimetry, providing continuous time records. Within the probe, seven groups of miniature optical relay lenses are grouped into a close-packed array, allowing the interrogation of seven regions of interest. A six-faceted pyramid reflector with a conical hole drilled into its center is used to direct the light beams onto different regions. To minimize back reflections, the fiber matrix arrays are index matched onto the first relay lens made of fused silica. The optical lens design minimizes the laser beam diameters and also provides excellent imaging capabilities. Therefore, two of the fiber matrix arrays are replaced by coherent bundles for stereo imaging recorded by a high-speed framing camera. This requires additional cutouts of the pyramid reflector to allow imaging overlap. Six additional 1.5 mm diameter incoherent bundles are attached to the edges of the pyramid reflector and are used for illumination. Precision metrology on the direction cosines of the trajectories is measured to satisfy environmental requirements for vibration and temperature. C1 [Malone, Robert M.; Cata, Brian M.; Esquibel, David L.; Frogget, Brent C.; Kaufman, Morris I.; Palagi, Martin J.; Romero, Vincent T.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Los Alamos Operat, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Daykin, Edward P.; McGillivray, Kevin D.; Palagi, Martin J.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Holtkam, David B.; Pazuchanics, Peter; Sorenson, Danny S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Malone, RM (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, Los Alamos Operat, POB 809, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM malonerm@nv.doe.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-222-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9195 AR 919503 DI 10.1117/12.2062126 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6PY UT WOS:000354368200003 ER PT S AU Field, E Bellum, J Kletecka, D AF Field, Ella Bellum, John Kletecka, Damon BE Jitsuno, T Shao, J Rudolph, W TI The Impact of Different Cleaning Processes on the Laser Damage Threshold of Antireflection Coatings for Z-Backlighter Optics at Sandia National Laboratories SO PACIFIC RIM LASER DAMAGE 2014: OPTICAL MATERIALS FOR HIGH POWER LASERS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Pacific Rim Laser Damage (PLD) on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY APR 22-24, 2014 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Opt & Photon Int Council, SPIE, Shanghai Inst Opt & Fine Mech, Chinese Acad Sci, QUANTEL, Nikon Corp, Okamoto Opt Works, Plymouth Grating Lab AB We have examined how different cleaning processes affect the laser induced damage threshold of antireflection coatings for large dimension, Z-Backlighter laser optics at Sandia National Laboratories. Laser damage thresholds were measured after the coatings were created, and again 4 months later to determine which cleaning processes were most effective. There is a nearly twofold increase in laser induced damage threshold between the antireflection coatings that were cleaned and those that were not cleaned. The laser-induced damage threshold results also revealed that every antireflection coating had a high defect density, despite the cleaning process used, which indicates that improvements to either the cleaning or deposition processes should provide even higher laser induced damage thresholds. C1 [Field, Ella; Bellum, John; Kletecka, Damon] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Field, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM efield@sandia.gov OI Bellum, John/0000-0003-2230-5553 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-301-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9238 AR 92380D DI 10.1117/12.2073448 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC6WF UT WOS:000354517800013 ER PT S AU Quesada, C Rockward, T Garzon, F Burleigh, D Mukundan, R AF Quesada, C. Rockward, T. Garzon, F. Burleigh, D. Mukundan, R. BE Pharkya, P TI Demonstration of Enhanced Sensitivity to CO in H-2 Fuel Stream of an Electrochemical Analyzer SO STUDENT POSTERS (GENERAL) - 224TH ECS MEETING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on General Student Poster Session held during the 224th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; HYDROGEN; SENSOR AB Low levels of carbon monoxide present in hydrogen fuels can poison polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, therefore low cost analytical methods for detecting the presence of CO are highly desirable. We have designed an analytical electrochemical analyzer to detect trace quantities of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen fuel stream. The electrochemical analyzer operates on principles similar to those observed in CO poisoning on Pt-catalyst surfaces in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The analysis cell consists of a low surface area sputtered Pt electrode, a Nafion (R) electrolyte, along with a high surface area Pt-Vulcan reference electrode. The analyzer is optimized as a hydrogen pumping cell, utilizing hydrogen on both electrodes to probe the presence of CO. The low surface area electrode consists of an unsupported Pt catalyst at 0.1mgPt/cm(2) loading, pressed onto Nafion (R) 117 membranes with a high surface area Pt-Vulcan carbon loaded at 0.2mgPt/cm(2). The analyzer exhibited a response to concentrations as low as 100 ppb CO at 30 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. C1 [Quesada, C.; Rockward, T.; Garzon, F.; Mukundan, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Burleigh, D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Quesada, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D429,MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-506-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 58 IS 25 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1149/05825.0163ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BC6SP UT WOS:000354464800020 ER PT J AU Pogacnik, J Dempsey, D Kelkar, S Podgorney, R O'Sullivan, M O'Sullivan, J AF Pogacnik, Justin Dempsey, David Kelkar, Sharad Podgorney, Rob O'Sullivan, Mike O'Sullivan, John BE Onate, E Oliver, X Huerta, A TI THE EFFECT OF SEQUENTIAL SOLUTION PROCEDURES IN THE NUMERICAL MODELING OF STIMULATION IN ENGINEERED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS SO 11TH WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, VOLS II - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM) / 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM) / 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Assoc Numer Methods Engn, Cambridge Univ Press, CIMNE Technologia, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Grp, ELSEVIER, ECCOMAS, GID, iacm, John Wiley & Sons ltd, Korea Soc Computat Mech, Portable Multimedia Solutions Inflatable Struct, Springer, Collegi Enginyers Camins Canas Ports Catalunya DE Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupled Multiphysics; Permeability Enhancement; Numerical Coupling Procedures; Finite Element Method; Engineered Geothermal Systems ID BRITTLE ROCKS; FLOW; PERMEABILITY; DAMAGE AB In geothermal energy production, reservoir permeability exhibits various degrees of enhancement or degradation with time. These changes are generally attributed to various multiphysics processes such as chemical alteration (dissolution and precipitation), thermal and poroelastic deformation of fractures or the rock matrix, or inelastic failures such as hydrofracking or hydroshearing. If permeability is dependent upon the deformation state of the solid matrix, then a strong feedback is present in the governing differential equations. Few codes are equipped to handle the fully-coupled Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical (THM) problems in geothermal reservoir simulation. Therefore, separate codes equipped to handle separate differential equations are often loosely coupled to model THM processes. While previous efforts have investigated numerical coupling procedures in geochemical transport [13], it is not clear what degree of numerical coupling is required to accurately capture the feedback required for permeability enhancement phenomena. In this work, we compare various levels of coupling for modeling Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) well stimulation. Specifically, we address a flow/stress feedback whereby permeability changes as a function of effective stress [8]. The simulations are performed using FEHM [15], a control-volume finite element THM code that allows for various levels of coupling. Coupled THM modeling is gaining momentum in the geothermal energy sector; a robust analysis of the numerical coupling issues discussed here is imperative in understanding the potential and limitations of this growing field. C1 [Pogacnik, Justin; O'Sullivan, Mike; O'Sullivan, John] Univ Auckland, Dept Engn Sci, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. [Dempsey, David; Kelkar, Sharad] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Podgorney, Rob] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. RP Pogacnik, J (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Engn Sci, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. EM j.pogacnik@auckland.ac.nz; d.dempsey@lanl.gov; kelkar@lanl.gov; robert.podgorney@inl.gov RI Dempsey, David/B-9115-2015 OI Dempsey, David/0000-0003-2135-5129 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-942844-7-2 PY 2014 BP 1307 EP 1318 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BC5XR UT WOS:000353626501051 ER PT J AU Schumacher, SC Ruggirello, KP AF Schumacher, Shane C. Ruggirello, Kevin P. BE Onate, E Oliver, X Huerta, A TI MODELING FAILURE USING THE CONVECTIVE PARTICLE DOMAIN INTERPOLATION METHOD IN A SHOCK PHYSICS HYDROCODE SO 11TH WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, VOLS II - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM) / 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM) / 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Assoc Numer Methods Engn, Cambridge Univ Press, CIMNE Technologia, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Grp, ELSEVIER, ECCOMAS, GID, iacm, John Wiley & Sons ltd, Korea Soc Computat Mech, Portable Multimedia Solutions Inflatable Struct, Springer, Collegi Enginyers Camins Canas Ports Catalunya DE MPM; Failure; Shock; Hydrodynamics AB The modeling of failure in a finite volume shock physics computational code poses many challenges. We recently improved upon our recently implemented numerical technique the Material Point Method (MPM) by adding the Convective Particle Domain Interpolation (CPDI) to our finite volume shock physics computational code CTH. The CPDI technique improves accuracy and efficiency of the MPM for problems involving large tensile deformations and rotations. CPDI provides a method for the particles to remain in communication with each other by expanding the interpolation domain over that of the generalized MPM method. This will in turn prevent numerical fracture where fracture occurs when particles loose communication with one another while under going large tensile deformation. This work will focus on a comparison of the abilities of CPDI and generalized MPM in predicting the penetration of steel into aluminium. Simulations of the experiments will be performed to quantify the two numerical techniques. C1 [Schumacher, Shane C.; Ruggirello, Kevin P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schumacher, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS-0836, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM scschum@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-942844-7-2 PY 2014 BP 1562 EP 1568 PG 7 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BC5XR UT WOS:000353626502009 ER PT J AU Dubey, A Turk, MJ O'Shea, BW AF Dubey, A. Turk, M. J. O'Shea, B. W. BE Onate, E Oliver, X Huerta, A TI THE IMPACT OF COMMUNITY SOFTWARE IN ASTROPHYSICS SO 11TH WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, VOLS II - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM) / 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM) / 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Assoc Numer Methods Engn, Cambridge Univ Press, CIMNE Technologia, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Grp, ELSEVIER, ECCOMAS, GID, iacm, John Wiley & Sons ltd, Korea Soc Computat Mech, Portable Multimedia Solutions Inflatable Struct, Springer, Collegi Enginyers Camins Canas Ports Catalunya DE Community Astrophysics Codes; Impact on Communities ID CODE; TOOLKIT AB Advances in mathematical models and numerical algorithms combined with increasing reliance on simulations for understanding multi-physics and multi-scale phenomena has made the task of software development for simulations a large and complex enterprise. Development and adoption of community codes is one way to address this challenge. The astrophysics community has been ahead of many other science communities in making research codes publicly available, and therefore in the development and adoption of community codes. ZEUS-2D was one of the earliest codes to become public, and it has been followed by several others. In this paper, we highlight the impact of three of these packages - FLASH, Enzo and yt - on the astrophysics community. These, and similar projects in other fields, show that if reliable and robust codes exist, and efforts are made to promote their use, they facilitate higher overall scientific output. They also help foster open science in their corresponding communities, which has wide-ranging benefits. C1 [Dubey, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Turk, M. J.] Columbia Univ, Astron & Astrophys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [O'Shea, B. W.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [O'Shea, B. W.] Michigan State Univ, Inst Cyber Enabled Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Dubey, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM adubey@lbl.gov; matthewturk@gmail.com; oshea@msu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-942844-7-2 PY 2014 BP 1813 EP 1820 PG 8 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BC5XR UT WOS:000353626502033 ER PT J AU Rao, P Melvin, JA Hu, WL Kaufman, R Lim, HK Sharp, DH Glimm, JG AF Rao, Pooja Melvin, Jeremy A. Hu, Wenlin Kaufman, Ryan Lim, Hyunkyung Sharp, David H. Glimm, James G. BE Onate, E Oliver, X Huerta, A TI PREDICTIVE SIMULATIONS FOR PROBLEMS WITH SOLUTION NON-UNIQUENESS SO 11TH WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, VOLS II - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM) / 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM) / 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Assoc Numer Methods Engn, Cambridge Univ Press, CIMNE Technologia, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Grp, ELSEVIER, ECCOMAS, GID, iacm, John Wiley & Sons ltd, Korea Soc Computat Mech, Portable Multimedia Solutions Inflatable Struct, Springer, Collegi Enginyers Camins Canas Ports Catalunya DE Large Eddy Simulations; Subgrid Scale Models; Front Tracking; Renormalization Group ID TURBULENCE; MODEL AB We present our main conclusions regarding the simulation of turbulent mixing, with a summary of previous results and the inclusion of new evidence in support of these conclusions. Our main conclusions are: 1. Turbulent simulations in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) regime are inherently non-unique, and require experimental validation before they can be used for scientific or engineering purposes. 2. The level of non-uniqueness is mesh dependent, decreasing to zero as the mesh is refined. The rate of decrease is slow and governed by Kolmogorov exponents when in a scaling regime. 3. Simulation uncertainty is greatly reduced by the use of subgrid scale (SGS) models. For mixing problems (in the case of small time scales or small diffusion parameters), tracking of discontinuities or steep gradients is also essential. 4. Simulation codes have implicitly defined subgrid scale terms within them; each new code or code revision needs its own validation study. For the same reason, higher order subgrid terms, or even summing the missing parts of the Kolmogorov spectrum to reconstruct more exact subgrid terms is not a panacea, and validation (adjustment) of subgrid models is still needed. Within our own validation experiments, we find that low order SGS terms, second order differencing and front tracking (to control excess diffusion) result, basically, in a perfect fit to experimental data. That is, no further tuning is required for this algorithm. 5. Experimental validation (essential) can be performed at a high but experimentally feasible Reynolds number (Re), followed by an extrapolation to Reynolds numbers needed for engineering design or scientific studies. 6. Convergence of the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) is important for reactive chemistry coupled to turbulent mixing. We provide a mathematical framework for this convergence, and show that it does occur, with slow rates influenced by Kolmogorov exponents. Engineering simulations are often regarded as interpolative, not predictive, in their dependence on experimental data. Our conclusions both support this view and indicate a mitigation strategy based on mesh refinement and the appropriate choice of numerical methods. C1 [Rao, Pooja; Melvin, Jeremy A.; Hu, Wenlin; Kaufman, Ryan; Lim, Hyunkyung; Glimm, James G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sharp, David H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rao, P (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM glimm@ams.sunysb.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-942844-7-2 PY 2014 BP 2209 EP 2220 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BC5XR UT WOS:000353626503006 ER PT J AU Ruggirello, KP Schumacher, SC AF Ruggirello, Kevin P. Schumacher, Shane C. BE Onate, E Oliver, X Huerta, A TI A COMPARISON OF PARALLELIZATION STRATEGIES FOR THE MATERIAL POINT METHOD SO 11TH WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, VOLS II - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM) / 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM) / 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Assoc Numer Methods Engn, Cambridge Univ Press, CIMNE Technologia, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Grp, ELSEVIER, ECCOMAS, GID, iacm, John Wiley & Sons ltd, Korea Soc Computat Mech, Portable Multimedia Solutions Inflatable Struct, Springer, Collegi Enginyers Camins Canas Ports Catalunya DE Material point method; parallel; high performance computing ID EULERIAN-LAGRANGIAN APPROACH AB Recently the Lagrangian Material Point Method (MPM) [1] has been integrated into the Eulerian finite volume shock physics code CTH [2] at Sandia National Laboratories. CTH has the capabilities of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), multiple materials and numerous material models for equation of state, strength, and failure. In order to parallelize the MPM in CTH two different approaches were tested. The first was a ghost particle concept, where the MPM particles are mirrored onto neighboring processors in order to correctly assemble the mesh boundary values on the grid. The second approach exchanges the summed mesh values at processor boundaries without the use of ghost particles. Both methods have distinct advantages for parallelization. These parallelization approaches were tested for both strong and weak scaling. This paper will compare the parallel scaling efficiency, and memory requirements of both approaches for parallelizing the MPM. C1 [Ruggirello, Kevin P.; Schumacher, Shane C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ruggirello, KP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS-0836, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kruggir@sandia.gov; scschum@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-942844-7-2 PY 2014 BP 2648 EP 2656 PG 9 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BC5XR UT WOS:000353626503046 ER PT J AU Bochev, P Gerritsma, M AF Bochev, Pavel Gerritsma, Marc BE Onate, E Oliver, X Huerta, A TI MIMETIC LEAST-SQUARES: A LEAST-SQUARES FORMULATION WITH EXACT CONSERVATION PROPERTIES SO 11TH WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS; 6TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS, VOLS II - IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM) / 5th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM) / 6th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD) CY JUL 20-25, 2014 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Spanish Assoc Numer Methods Engn, Cambridge Univ Press, CIMNE Technologia, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Grp, ELSEVIER, ECCOMAS, GID, iacm, John Wiley & Sons ltd, Korea Soc Computat Mech, Portable Multimedia Solutions Inflatable Struct, Springer, Collegi Enginyers Camins Canas Ports Catalunya DE Least-squares; mimetic methods; conservation; spectral methods ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT METHOD; MASS-CONSERVATION; STOKES PROBLEM AB We present a spectral mimetic least-squares method which is fully conservative and decouples the primal and dual variables. C1 [Bochev, Pavel] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gerritsma, Marc] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, NL-2629 HT Delft, Netherlands. RP Bochev, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math & Algorithms, Mail Stop 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pbboche@sandia.gov; M.I.Gerritsma@TUDelft.nl NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT CENTER NUMERICAL METHODS ENGINEERING PI 08034 BARCELONA PA GRAN CAPITAN, S-N, CAMPUS NORTE UPC, MODULO C1, 08034 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 978-84-942844-7-2 PY 2014 BP 4428 EP 4439 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA BC5XR UT WOS:000353626505072 ER PT S AU Ciraci, S Fuller, JC Daily, J Malchmalbaf, A Callahan, D AF Ciraci, Selim Fuller, Jason C. Daily, Jeff Malchmalbaf, Atefe Callahan, David BE Chang, CK Gao, Y Hurson, A Matskin, M McMillin, B Okabe, Y Seceleanu, C Yoshida, K TI A Runtime Verification Framework for Control System Simulation SO 2014 IEEE 38TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL COMPUTERS, SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE (COMPSAC) SE Proceedings International Computer Software and Applications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 38th Annual International Computers, Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) CY JUL 27-29, 2014-2015 CL Vasteras, SWEDEN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Cloud Comp, Korean Inst Informat Scientists & Engineers, Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, IPS, CCF, Malardalen Univ Sweden, ABB, Missouri S & T DE simulation; control system; runtime verification; timed automata AB In a standard workflow for the validation of a control system, the control system is implemented as an extension to a simulator. Such simulators are complex software systems, and engineers may unknowingly violate constraints a simulator places on extensions. As such, errors may be introduced in the implementation of either the control system or the simulator leading to invalid simulation results. This paper presents a novel runtime verification approach for verifying control system implementations within simulators. The major contribution of the approach is the two-tier specification process. In the first tier, engineers model constraints using a domain-specific language tailored to modeling a controller's response to changes in its input. The language is high-level and effectively hides the implementation details of the simulator, allowing engineers to specify design-level constraints independent of low-level simulator interfaces. In the second tier, simulator developers provide mapping rules for mapping design-level constraints to the implementation of the simulator. Using the rules, an automated tool transforms the design-level specifications into simulator-specific runtime verification specifications and generates monitoring code which is injected into the implementation of the simulator. During simulation, these monitors observe the input and output variables of the control system and report changes to the verifier. The verifier checks whether these changes follow the constraints of the control system. We describe application of this approach to the verification of the constraints of an HVAC control system implemented with the power grid simulator GridLAB-D. C1 [Ciraci, Selim; Fuller, Jason C.; Daily, Jeff; Malchmalbaf, Atefe; Callahan, David] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ciraci, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM selim.ciraci@pnnl.gov; jason.fuller@pnnl.gov; jeff.daily@pnnl.gov; atefe.malchmalbaf@pnnl.gov; david.callahan@pnnl.gov RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014; OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093; Daily, Jeff/0000-0001-6212-5173 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0730-3157 BN 978-1-4799-3574-1 J9 P INT COMP SOFTW APP PY 2014 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1109/COMPSAC.2014.14 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC6IH UT WOS:000353962400010 ER PT S AU Garlapati, S Kuruganti, T Buehrer, MR Reed, JH AF Garlapati, Shravan Kuruganti, Teja Buehrer, Michael R. Reed, Jeffrey H. GP IEEE TI OTRA-THS MAC to Reduce Power Outage Data Collection Latency in a Smart Meter Network SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS (ICNC) SE International Conference on Computer Networking and Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL Honolulu, HI AB The deployment of advanced metering infrastructure by electric utilities poses unique communication challenges, particularly as the number of meters per aggregator increases. When there is a power outage, a smart meter tries to report it instantaneously to the electric utility. In a densely populated residential/industrial locality, it is possible that a large number of smart meters simultaneously try to get access to the communication network to report the power outage. If the number of smart meters is very high on the order of tens of thousands (metropolitan areas), the power outage data flooding can lead to Random Access CHannel (RACH) congestion. Several utilities are considering the use of cellular network for smart meter communications. In 3G/4G cellular networks, RACH congestion not only leads to collisions, retransmissions and increased RACH delays, but also has the potential to disrupt the dedicated traffic flow by increasing the interference levels (3G CDMA). In order to overcome this problem, in this paper we propose a Time Hierarchical Scheme (THS) that reduces the intensity of power outage data flooding and power outage reporting delay by 6/7th, and 17/18th when compared to their respective values without THS. Also, we propose an Optimum Transmission Rate Adaptive (OTRA) MAC to optimize the latency in power outage data collection. The analysis and simulation results presented in this paper show that both the OTRA and THS features of the proposed MAC results in a Power Outage Data Collection Latency (PODCL) that is 1/10th of the 4G LTE PODCL. C1 [Garlapati, Shravan; Buehrer, Michael R.; Reed, Jeffrey H.] Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Kuruganti, Teja] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garlapati, S (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gshra09@vt.edu; kurugantipv@ornl.gov; buehrer@vt.edu; reedjh@vt.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-2626 BN 978-1-4799-2358-8 J9 INT CONF COMPUT NETW PY 2014 BP 776 EP 781 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BC6HZ UT WOS:000353942500142 ER PT B AU Lewicki, JP Maxwell, RS Mayer, BP Maiti, A Harley, SJ AF Lewicki, James P. Maxwell, Robert S. Mayer, Brian P. Maiti, Amitesh Harley, Stephen J. BE Tiwari, A Soucek, MD TI The Development and Application of NMR Methodologies for the Study of Degradation in Complex Silicones SO CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HIGH PERFORMANCE SILICONES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Polysiloxane; silicone; degradation; NMR; aging; multiple-quantum NMR; modeling; polymer network theory ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR; RESIDUAL DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; CROSS-LINK DENSITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PDMS COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; STATE SI-29 NMR; XE-129 NMR; MAS NMR; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS AB A broad range of network elastomers based on poly(siloxane) resins are used ubiquitously in aerospace, home and healthcare industries. Accurate predictions of the properties, performance and effective lifetimes of such complex silicone materials are non-trivial due to their inherent structural complexity and physical intractability. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) offers perhaps the most effective and comprehensive means of probing the structure and properties of complex silicone materials-from an atomistic to a macromolecular scale. In this chapter, the wide range of NMR methodologies that may be applied to the study of the structure, dynamics and degradation of silicone-based materials are discussed and reviewed. Brief discussions of both common and less frequently utilized NMR approaches will be discussed. An overview of how insights from NMR can be used to gain further insight into structure property relationships and how engineering properties change as a function of degradation mechanisms is also provided. C1 [Lewicki, James P.; Maxwell, Robert S.; Mayer, Brian P.; Maiti, Amitesh; Harley, Stephen J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lewicki, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lewicki1@llnl.gov NR 130 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCRIVENER PUBLISHING LLC PI BEVERLY PA 100 CUMMINGS CENTER, STE 541J, BEVERLY, MA 01915-6106 USA BN 978-1-118-93847-8; 978-1-118-46965-1 PY 2014 BP 153 EP 176 D2 10.1002/9781118938478 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BC3LW UT WOS:000351707400012 ER PT B AU Lewicki, JP Maxwell, RS AF Lewicki, James P. Maxwell, Robert S. BE Tiwari, A Soucek, MD TI Degradative Thermal Analysis of Engineering Silicones SO CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HIGH PERFORMANCE SILICONES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Polymer degradation; thermal analysis; engineering silicones; pyrolysis ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; VULCANIZED POLYSILOXANE RUBBERS; IN-SITU PRECIPITATION; INDUCED CROSS-LINKING; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM NMR; PULSED NMR; POLY(TETRAMETHYL-PARA-SILPHENYLENE SILOXANE); POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) NETWORKS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB High performance silicone materials including silicone engineering elastomers are structurally complex, multicomponent systems which incorporate both chemically and physically diverse structural architectures. Gaining an understanding of the relationship between the multiscale structure of a complex silicone network elastomer and the materials' resultant macroscopic properties and performance is the goal of many informed approaches to both performance and lifetime prediction of service materials and the rational development of the next generation of high performance silicones. In practice however, the chemical and physical structures of such materials are oft en entirely unknown for commercial reasons, or at the very least poorly defined and understood. Added to this, silicone elastomers are by their very nature intractable and therefore inaccessible to the majority of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques which are commonly employed for the characterization and study of many polymeric systems. Degradative thermal analysis offers an alternate route to the analysis of such complex engineering silicones through their thermally-induced depolymerization and analysis of the resultant products. By studying the products of the thermal degradation of a silicone network, a surprising amount of information on the chemical identity, structural architecture and even service history of the material can be gleaned. In this chapter, the various methodologies that may be employed for the "degradative analysis" of silicones are compared and discussed, together with a review of the fundamentals of silicone degradation chemistry. C1 [Lewicki, James P.; Maxwell, Robert S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lewicki, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lewicki1@llnl.gov NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SCRIVENER PUBLISHING LLC PI BEVERLY PA 100 CUMMINGS CENTER, STE 541J, BEVERLY, MA 01915-6106 USA BN 978-1-118-93847-8; 978-1-118-46965-1 PY 2014 BP 191 EP 210 D2 10.1002/9781118938478 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BC3LW UT WOS:000351707400014 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI OCTAHEDRAL HEXATANTALUM HALIDE CLUSTERS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYNUCLEAR METAL-HALIDES; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESES; FACILE REDUCTION; MILD REDUCTANTS; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; LOWER-TEMPERATURE; TUNGSTEN HALIDES; CHEMISTRY; CONVENIENT C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 1 EP 8 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900002 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI INORGANIC SYNTHESES Volume 36 PREFACE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP V EP VI D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900001 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI OCTAHEDRAL HEXAMOLYBDENUM HALIDE CLUSTERS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLYBDENUM(II) CHLORIDE CLUSTER; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESES; HEXANUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ELECTROGENERATED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIVITY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; TRIPLET SUBLEVELS; TUNGSTEN HALIDES C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 8 EP 14 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900003 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI ETHER COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM(III) AND MOLYBDENUM(IV) CHLORIDES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REDUCTION C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Hock, Adam/0000-0003-1440-1473 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 15 EP 19 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900004 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI OCTAHEDRAL HEXATUNGSTEN HALIDE CLUSTERS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYNUCLEAR METAL-HALIDES; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESES; FACILE REDUCTION; MILD REDUCTANTS; CHEVREL PHASES; HEXANUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM; LOWER-TEMPERATURE; TUNGSTEN ANALOGS; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 19 EP 23 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900005 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TRINUCLEAR TUNGSTEN HALIDE CLUSTERS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID-STATE SYNTHESES; FACILE REDUCTION; MILD REDUCTANTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DITUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS; LOWER-TEMPERATURE; CONVENIENT; MOLYBDENUM; ROUTES; W6CL18 C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 24 EP 30 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900006 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI CRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS FORMS OF TUNGSTEN TETRACHLORIDE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EARLY TRANSITION-METALS; SOLID-STATE SYNTHESES; FACILE REDUCTION; BONDED COMPLEXES; MILD REDUCTANTS; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; LOWER-TEMPERATURE; CONVENIENT; HALIDES; CHLORIDE C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 30 EP 34 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900007 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI SODIUM AND POTASSIUM CYCLOPENTADIENIDE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBONYL C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Berry, Donald/0000-0001-6732-3726 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 35 EP 37 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900008 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI (PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)CYCLOPENTADIENE AND ITS SODIUM SALT SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PENTAFLUOROPHENYL; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 38 EP 42 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900009 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS(eta(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) COMPLEXES OF SCANDIUM SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 42 EP 47 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900010 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS(eta(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM, AND HAFNIUM SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DINITROGEN COMPLEXES; HALIDE C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 47 EP 51 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900011 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS(eta(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) COMPLEXES OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDRIDE BONDS; DERIVATIVES; INSERTION; MECHANISM; KINETICS; OLEFINS C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 52 EP 57 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900012 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS(eta(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELIMINATION; DERIVATIVES C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 58 EP 62 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900013 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI (eta(5)-CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TRICARBONYLMANGANESE(I) COMPLEXES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MANGANESE; CARBONYL; LIGANDS C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 62 EP 64 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900014 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI 1,1 '-DIAMINOFERROCENE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHIRAL FERROCENYL PHOSPHINES; LIGANDS; COMPLEXES; CATALYSIS; AMINOCOBALTOCENES; AMINOFERROCENES; FERROCENOPHANES; HYDROGENATION; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 65 EP 72 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900015 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI MONO(eta(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL) COMPLEXES OF OSMIUM SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; CHEMISTRY; OSMOCENES; HYDRIDE; HALIDE C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 72 EP 77 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900016 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TETRA(ACETATO)DIMOLYBDENUM(II) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 78 EP 81 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900017 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI SUPRAMOLECULAR ARRAYS BASED ON DIMOLYBDENUM BUILDING BLOCKS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIMETAL UNITS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DICARBOXYLATES; LIGANDS; BRIDGES; REDOX; PAIRS C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 81 EP 95 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900018 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI DIMOLYBDENUM AND DITUNGSTEN HEXA(ALKOXIDES) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRIPLE BOND; DIMETAL UNITS; COMPLEXES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DICARBOXYLATES; METATHESIS; MOLYBDENUM; HOMOLOGS; LIGANDS; BRIDGES C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 95 EP 102 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900019 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI LINEAR TRICHROMIUM, TRICOBALT, TRINICKEL, AND TRICOPPER COMPLEXES OF 2,2 '-DIPYRIDYLAMIDE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL STRING COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BONDS; CHAIN; DIOXALATOPLATINATE; PENTANUCLEAR C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 102 EP 110 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900020 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS(TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM) OCTACHLORODITECHNETATE(III) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 110 EP 114 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900021 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI DIRUTHENIUM FORMAMIDINATO COMPLEXES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIGANDS; CORE C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 114 EP 121 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900022 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI HEPTACARBONYL(DISULFIDO)DIMANGANESE(I) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID S-S-BOND; SULFIDO CLUSTERS; CHEMISTRY; MN-2(CO)(7)(MU-S-2); DISULFIDES; CARBONYL; COMPLEXES; INSERTION C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 122 EP 124 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900023 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI DI(CARBIDO)TETRACOSA(CARBONYL)-DECARUTHENATE(2-) SALTS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SUBSTITUTION; FRAMEWORK; CLUSTERS; CARBIDE; CHEMISTRY C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 124 EP 126 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900024 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS(1,2-BIS(DIMETHYLPHOSPHANO)ETHANE)-TRICARBONYLTITANIUM(0) AND HEXACARBONYLTITANATE(2-) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGHLY REDUCED ORGANOMETALLICS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; TITANIUM CARBONYLS; COMPLEXES; COMPOUND C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 127 EP 134 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900025 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TUNGSTEN BENZYLIDYNE COMPLEXES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METAL-CARBON BONDS; UNSATURATED ALKYLIDYNE LIGANDS; TRIPLE-BOND; MOLYBDENUM; ACETYLENES; PRECURSOR C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 134 EP 138 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900026 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TUNGSTEN OXYTETRACHLORIDE AND (ACETONITRILE)TETRACHLOROTUNGSTEN IMIDO COMPLEXES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WNX THIN-FILMS; PRECURSOR; CRYSTAL; MOCVD C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 138 EP 143 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900027 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TUNGSTEN OXYTETRACHLORIDE AND SEVERAL TUNGSTATE SALTS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 30-PERCENT HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; EPOXIDATION; COMPLEXES; OXO C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 143 EP 148 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900028 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BROMOTRICARBONYLDI(PYRIDINE)MANGANESE(I) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PENTACARBONYL BROMIDE; COMPLEXES; MANGANESE; DERIVATIVES; LIGANDS; SPECTRA C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 148 EP 149 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900029 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS(TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM) fac-TRIBROMOTRICARBONYLRHENATE(I) AND -TECHNETATE(I) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SITU CO SOURCE; BIOORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; BIFUNCTIONAL LIGAND; RECEPTOR-LIGAND; TECHNETIUM; COMPLEXES; CARBONYL; BIOMOLECULES; RHENIUM; TC-99M C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 149 EP 155 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900030 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI METHYL(OXO)RHENIUM(V) COMPLEXES WITH CHELATING LIGANDS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXYGEN-ATOM TRANSFER; METHYLOXORHENIUM(V) COMPLEXES; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; OXORHENIUM(V); MONOMERIZATION; MOLYBDENUM; OXIDATION; RELEVANT; DIMER; REACTIVITY C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 155 EP 159 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900031 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI HEXAHYDRIDOFERRATE(II) SALTS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLUBLE COMPLEXES; IRON C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 160 EP 164 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900032 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TRIS(ALLYPIRIDIUM AND -RHODIUM SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPLEXES; REACTIVITY; ALUMINA; LIGANDS; SUPPORT C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 165 EP 171 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900033 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TRINUCLEAR PALLADIUM(II) ACETATE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COUPLING REACTIONS; ARYL CHLORIDES; CATALYSTS C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 171 EP 173 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900034 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI MONOCARBABORANE ANIONS WITH 10 OR 12 VERTICES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEAKLY COORDINATING ANIONS; CARBORANE ANIONS; P-CARBORANES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SOLID-STATE; AB-INITIO; CHEMISTRY; DERIVATIVES; INTERMEDIATE; SEARCH C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 174 EP 185 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900035 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TETRAKIS(5-tert-BUTYL-2-HYDROXYPHENYL)ETHENE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-VALENT TITANIUM; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; OLEFINS; TETRAKIS(2-HYDROXYPHENYL)ETHENE; DERIVATIVES; CARBONYLS; CLEAVAGE; ETHERS C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 186 EP 194 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900036 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM TETRATHIOOXALATE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 1,3-DITHIOLE-2-THIONE-4,5-DITHIOLATE C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 195 EP 198 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900037 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI MID-INFRARED EMITTING LEAD SELENIDE NANOCRYSTAL QUANTUM DOTS SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 198 EP 202 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900038 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TETRA(ACETATO)DICHROMIUM(II) DIHYDRATE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACETATE C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 203 EP 210 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900039 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI KEGGIN STRUCTURE POLYOXOMETALATES SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HETEROPOLY COMPOUNDS; CHEMISTRY C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 210 EP 217 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900040 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI QUADRUPLY METAL-METAL BONDED COMPLEXES OF RHENIUM(III) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IONS C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 217 EP 223 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900041 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI BIS[BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANYLIDENE)-AMMONIUM] UNDECACARBONYLTRIFERRATE(2-) SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 223 EP 226 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900042 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI ACETYLIDE COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CYCLOPENTADIENYL; CHEMISTRY C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 226 EP 231 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900043 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI N, N '-BIS(MERCAPTOETHYL)-1,4-DIAZACYCLOHEPTANE (H2BME-DACH) AND ITS NICKEL COMPLEX: A MODEL FOR BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITRILE HYDRATASE; COORDINATION; RUTHENIUM; LIGANDS; SULFUR C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 231 EP 240 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900044 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI TIN(II) IODIDE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NITRILE HYDRATASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION; CLUSTERS; SULFUR; MODELS; NICKEL C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 240 EP 244 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900045 ER PT S AU Sattelberger, AP Girolami, GS AF Sattelberger, Alfred P. Girolami, Gregory S. BE Girolami, GS Sattelberger, AP TI N-tert-BUTYL-3,5-DIMETHYLANILINE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 36 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE MOLYBDENUM CENTER; CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; DINITROGEN; AMMONIA; CHARGES C1 [Sattelberger, Alfred P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Girolami, Gregory S.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sattelberger, AP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-1-118-74499-4; 978-1-118-74487-1 J9 INORG SYN PY 2014 VL 36 BP 244 EP 250 D2 10.1002/9781118744994 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BC3FP UT WOS:000351614900046 ER PT B AU Tkacheva, O Spangenberger, J Davis, B Hryn, J AF Tkacheva, O. Spangenberger, J. Davis, B. Hryn, J. BE GauneEscard, M Haarberg, GM TI Aluminum Electrolysis in an Inert Anode Cell SO MOLTEN SALTS CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYSTEM; SOLUBILITY; CRYOLITE C1 [Tkacheva, O.; Spangenberger, J.; Hryn, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Davis, B.] Kingston Proc Met Inc, Kingston, ON, Canada. RP Tkacheva, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-44884-7; 978-1-118-44873-1 PY 2014 BP 53 EP 69 D2 10.1002/9781118448847 PG 17 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC3JK UT WOS:000351680000007 ER PT S AU Ahmed, MF Mcnaney, JM Vignes, RM Smith, CA Masters, N Bailey, C Petre, RB AF Ahmed, Maryum F. Mcnaney, James M. Vignes, Ryan M. Smith, Cal A. Masters, Nathan Bailey, Chris Petre, Robert B. BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Target material collection for High Energy Imaging Diagnostic SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE High Energy Imaging Diagnostic; HEIDI; HEIDI-C; NIF; ALARA; high-energy-density; HED AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory uses the world's largest and most energetic laser system to explore Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and High-Energy-Density (HED) physics, with the potential of creating pressure and density conditions normally found in the cores of stars or large planets. During NIF experiments, the laser energy is directed to the target, driving the desired physics conditions, and the breakup of the target. During this breakup there is the potential to generate debris fields with both vaporized and solid target material, traveling at extremely high velocities (similar to 10 km/s). For future shots, it is desirable to minimize distribution of the certain target materials within NIF. The High Energy Imaging Diagnostic (HEIDI), which comes within 8 cm of the target, will be modified to minimize the distribution of the ejected material. An external cone will be added to HEIDI which will block a larger angle than the existing hardware. Internal shielding will be added to isolate target material within the front portion of the diagnostic. A thin aluminum bumper will slow low-density vaporized material and contribute to the breakup of high velocity particles, while a thicker wall will block solid chunks. After the shot, an external cover will be installed, to contain any stray material that might be disturbed by regular operations. The target material will be retrieved from the various shielding mechanisms and assayed. C1 [Ahmed, Maryum F.; Mcnaney, James M.; Vignes, Ryan M.; Smith, Cal A.; Masters, Nathan; Bailey, Chris; Petre, Robert B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ahmed, MF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 92110F DI 10.1117/12.2062232 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100011 ER PT S AU Ayers, MJ Pickworth, LA Decker, T Hill, R Pardini, T McCarville, T Shingleton, N Smith, C Bailey, CG Bell, PM Bradley, DK Brejnholt, NF Hau-Riege, S Pivovaroff, M Mirkarimi, PB Vitalich, M Vogel, J Walton, C Kilkenny, J AF Ayers, M. J. Pickworth, L. A. Decker, T. Hill, R. Pardini, T. McCarville, T. Shingleton, N. Smith, C. Bailey, C. G. Bell, P. M. Bradley, D. K. Brejnholt, N. F. Hau-Riege, S. Pivovaroff, M. Mirkarimi, P. B. Vitalich, M. Vogel, J. Walton, C. Kilkenny, J. BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI ENGINEERING PRECISION RELOCATION CAPABILITY INTO A LARGE-CANTILEVERED TELESCOPING DIAGNOSTIC FOR A KIRKPATRICK-BAEZ X-RAY OPTIC SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray imager; x-ray optics; Kirkpatrick Baez; multi-layer; diagnostic load package; NIF; DLP; GXD AB The Kirkpatrick Baez Optic (KBO) diagnostic designed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) requires very precise alignment between four pairs of mirrors that make up four x-ray imaging channels. Furthermore, the overlapping image axis of the four pairs must be aligned to within a 50 mu m radius of the NIF target center. In order to achieve this the diagnostic utilizes a telescoping snout that when extended, locates the mirrors at the end of a Diagnostic Load Package (DLP), cantilevered more than three meters out from its bolted connection points. Discussed in this paper are the structural challenges and the mechanical design solutions that were implemented to achieve the +/- 50 mu m pointing accuracy. During an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiment, the KBO diagnostic will be 117 mm away from the extremely high impulse, target implosion shock wave, which requires a unique approach to protecting the sensitive optics which will also be discussed. C1 [Ayers, M. J.; Pickworth, L. A.; Decker, T.; Hill, R.; Pardini, T.; McCarville, T.; Shingleton, N.; Smith, C.; Bailey, C. G.; Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Brejnholt, N. F.; Hau-Riege, S.; Pivovaroff, M.; Mirkarimi, P. B.; Vitalich, M.; Vogel, J.; Walton, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kilkenny, J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Ayers, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 92110C DI 10.1117/12.2065253 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100008 ER PT S AU Beeman, BV Carpenter, AC Kimbrough, JR Clancy, TJ Chow, R Bond, E Zayas-Rivera, Z Bell, P Celeste, J MacPhee, AG Widmann, W Golod, T Miller, EK Abbott, RQ Lee, KK Peterson, JC Gordoni, SM Buckley, JJ Donaldson, WR AF Beeman, B. V. Carpenter, A. C. Kimbrough, J. R. Clancy, T. J. Chow, R. Bond, E. Zayas-Rivera, Z. Bell, P. Celeste, J. MacPhee, A. G. Widmann, W. Golod, T. Miller, E. K. Abbott, R. Q. Lee, K. K. Peterson, J. C. Gordoni, S. M. Buckley, J. J. Donaldson, W. R. BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Mach-Zehnder detector system issues and enhancements for use on the National Ignition Facility DANTE X-Ray diagnostic SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB We present lessons learned from the fielding of various Mach-Zehnder (MZ) based diagnostic systems on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and potential solutions. The DANTE X-ray diagnostic is the next in a series of applications for Mach-Zehnder based signal transport and acquisition systems on NIF and as such will incorporate many of these upgrades. In addition to extended dynamic-range performance and improved reliability, the upgrades presented also enable multiplexing of the signals from DANTE's 18 X-Ray Diodes (XRD) to economize on system cost and rack space. Previous deployments on other NIF diagnostics highlighted the necessity to decouple the input light intensity from the bias point of the Mach-Zehnder. Areas of concern including polarization, temperature, bias point and optical power level control will be addressed. C1 [Beeman, B. V.; Carpenter, A. C.; Kimbrough, J. R.; Clancy, T. J.; Chow, R.; Bond, E.; Zayas-Rivera, Z.; Bell, P.; Celeste, J.; MacPhee, A. G.; Widmann, W.; Golod, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Miller, E. K.; Abbott, R. Q.; Lee, K. K.; Peterson, J. C.; Gordoni, S. M.; Buckley, J. J.] Natl Secur Technol, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [Donaldson, W. R.] Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. RP Beeman, BV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 92110E DI 10.1117/12.2063836 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100010 ER PT S AU Clancy, TJ Caggiano, J McNaney, J Eckart, M Moran, M Glebov, VY Knauer, J Hatarik, R Friedrich, S Zacharias, R Carpenter, A Shoup, MJ Buczek, T Yeoman, M Zeid, Z Zaitseva, N Talison, B Worden, J Rice, B Duffy, T Pruyne, A Marshall, K AF Clancy, T. J. Caggiano, J. McNaney, J. Eckart, M. Moran, M. Glebov, V. Y. Knauer, J. Hatarik, R. Friedrich, S. Zacharias, R. Carpenter, A. Shoup, M. J., III Buczek, T. Yeoman, M. Zeid, Z. Zaitseva, N. Talison, B. Worden, J. Rice, B. Duffy, T. Pruyne, A. Marshall, K. BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Engineering architecture of the neutron Time-of-Flight (nToF) diagnostic suite at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nToF; downscatter; NIF; yield; bibenzyl; ion temperature; bang time AB This paper describes the engineering architecture and function of the neutron Time-of-Flight (nToF) diagnostic suite installed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). These instruments provide key measures of neutron yield, ion temperature, drift velocity, neutron bang-time, and neutron downscatter ratio. Currently, there are five nToFs on three collimated lines-of-site (LOS) from 18m to 27m from Target Chamber Center, and three positioned 4.5m from TCC, within the NIF Target Chamber but outside the vacuum and confinement boundary by use of re-entrant wells on three other LOS. NIF nToFs measure the time history and equivalent energy spectrum of reaction generated neutrons from a NIF experiment. Neutrons are transduced to electrical signals, which are then carried either by coaxial or Mach-Zehnder transmission systems that feed divider assemblies and fiducially timed digitizing oscilloscopes outside the NIF Target Bay (TB) radiation shield wall. One method of transduction employs a two-stage process wherein a neutron is converted to scintillation photons in hydrogen doped plastic (20x40mm) or bibenzyl crystals (280x1050mm), which are subsequently converted to an electrical signal via a photomultiplier tube or a photo-diode. An alternative approach uses a single-stage conversion of neutrons-to-electrons by use of a thin (0.25 to 2 mm) Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond (CVDD) disc (2 to 24mm radius) under high voltage bias. In comparison to the scintillator method, CVDDs have fast rise and decay times (< ns), have very low residual tails, are insensitive to shot gammas, and are less sensitive to the neutron signal of interest. C1 [Clancy, T. J.; Caggiano, J.; McNaney, J.; Eckart, M.; Moran, M.; Hatarik, R.; Friedrich, S.; Zacharias, R.; Carpenter, A.; Yeoman, M.; Zeid, Z.; Zaitseva, N.; Talison, B.; Worden, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Glebov, V. Y.; Knauer, J.; Shoup, M. J., III; Buczek, T.; Rice, B.; Duffy, T.; Pruyne, A.; Marshall, K.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Clancy, TJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 92110A DI 10.1117/12.2062329 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100007 ER PT S AU Gai, W Qiu, JQ Jing, CG AF Gai, Wei Qiu, Jiaqi Jing, Chunguang BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Electron imaging system for ultrafast diagnostics of HEDLP SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Ultrafast diagnostics; HEDLP; Electron imaging AB A high energy electron beam is proposed to be used for time resolved imaging measurements of hydrodynamic processes in High Energy Density Laboratory Plasma (HEDLP). Generation of a high quality sub-picosecond electron beam with present RF photocathode technologies is technologically mature and cost effective. An electron bunch train with a flexible time structure is used to penetrate a time varying high density target. By imaging the scattered electron beam, the detailed target profile and its density evolution can be accurately determined. To illustrate the concept design, an experiment is proposed based on Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) beamline. An imaging lattice design and particle tracking simulation is finished. C1 [Gai, Wei; Qiu, Jiaqi; Jing, Chunguang] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Qiu, Jiaqi; Jing, Chunguang] Euclid TechLabs, Solon, OH 44139 USA. RP Gai, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM j.qiu@euclidtechlabs.com NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 921104 DI 10.1117/12.2061952 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100002 ER PT S AU Grim, GP Rundberg, R Fowler, MM Hayes, AC Jungman, G Boswell, M Klein, A Wilhelmy, J Tonchev, AP Yeamans, CB AF Grim, G. P. Rundberg, R. Fowler, M. M. Hayes, A. C. Jungman, G. Boswell, M. Klein, A. Wilhelmy, J. Tonchev, A. P. Yeamans, C. B. BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Measurement of reaction-in-flight neutrons using thulium activation at the National Ignition Facility SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Neutron time-of-flight; Inertial Confinement Fusion; Scintillators AB We report on the first observation of tertiary reaction-in-flight (RIF) neutrons produced in compressed deuterium and tritium filled capsules using the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA. RIF neutrons are produced by third-order, out of equilibrium ("in-flight") fusion reactions, initiated by primary fusion products. The rate of RIF reactions is dependent upon the range of the elastically scattered fuel ions and therefore a diagnostic of Coulomb physics within the plasma. At plasma temperatures of similar to 5 keV, the presence of neutrons with kinetic energies greater than 15 MeV is a unique signature for RIF neutron production. The reaction Tm-169(n,3n)Tm-167 has a threshold of 15.0 MeV, and a unique decay scheme making it a suitable diagnostic for observing RIF neutrons. RIF neutron production is quantified by the ratio of Tm-167/Tm-168 observed in a Tm-169 foil, where the reaction Tm-169(n,2n)Tm-168 samples the primary neutron fluence. Averaged over 4 implosions(14) at the NIF, the Tm-167/Tm-168 ratio is measured to be 1.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(-5), leading to an average ratio of RIF to primary neutron ratio of 1.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(-4). These ratios are consistent with the predictions for charged particle stopping in a quantum degenerate plasma. C1 [Grim, G. P.; Rundberg, R.; Fowler, M. M.; Hayes, A. C.; Jungman, G.; Klein, A.; Wilhelmy, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Boswell, M.; Tonchev, A. P.; Yeamans, C. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Grim, GP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpgrim@lanl.gov OI klein, andreas/0000-0003-2358-2691 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 921108 DI 10.1117/12.2066249 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100006 ER PT S AU Hargrove, DR Holder, JP Izumi, N Benedetti, LR Stone, G Kimbrough, J Allen, F Bell, PM Glenn, S Petre, R AF Hargrove, D. R. Holder, J. P. Izumi, N. Benedetti, L. R. Stone, G. Kimbrough, J. Allen, F. Bell, P. M. Glenn, S. Petre, R. BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Improvements to a MCP based high speed x-ray framing camera to have increased robustness in a high neutron environment SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE framing cameras; gated imagers; X-ray imaging; X-ray framing cameras; NIF AB As neutron yields increase at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) the need for neutron 'hardened' diagnostics has also increased. Gated Imagers located within the target chamber are exposed to neutrons which degrade image quality and damage electronics. In an effort to maintain the signal to noise ratio (S/N) on our images and mitigate neutron induced damage, we have implemented numerous upgrades to our X-ray framing cameras. The NIF Gated X-ray Detector (GXD), design has evolved into the Hardened Gated X-ray Detector, HGXD. These improvements are presented with image data taken on high yield NIF shots showing enhanced image quality. Additional upgrades were added to remotely locate sensitive electronics and ease operational use. C1 [Hargrove, D. R.; Holder, J. P.; Izumi, N.; Benedetti, L. R.; Stone, G.; Kimbrough, J.; Allen, F.; Bell, P. M.; Glenn, S.; Petre, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hargrove, DR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 92110D DI 10.1117/12.2065260 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100009 ER PT S AU Hatch, B Palmer, N Ayers, S Browning, D Felker, B Holder, J Homoelle, D Khan, S Kimbrough, J MacPhee, A Petre, RB Perfect, B Throop, A Wong, JN AF Hatch, Ben Palmer, Nathan Ayers, Shannon Browning, Don Felker, Brian Holder, Joe Homoelle, Doug Khan, Shahab Kimbrough, Joe MacPhee, Andrew Petre, R. B. Perfect, Brad Throop, Alan Wong, J. Nan BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Performance and Operational Upgrades of X-ray Streak Camera Photocathode Assemblies at NIF SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE National Ignition Facility; NIF; X-Ray streak camera; 4 omega fiducial; photocathode; inertial confinement fusion; x-ray diagnostics; SPIDER; DISC AB X-ray streak cameras are used at the National Ignition Facility for time-resolved measurements of inertial confinement fusion metrics such as capsule implosion velocity, self-emission burn width, and x-ray bang time (time of brightest x-ray emission). Recently a design effort was undertaken to improve the performance and operation of the streak camera photocathode and related assemblies. The performance improvements include a new optical design for the input of UV timing fiducial pulses that increases collection efficiency of electrons off the photocathode, repeatability and precision of the photocathode pack assembly, and increase the input field of view for upcoming experiments. The operational improvements will provide the ability to replace photocathode packs between experiments in the field without removing the diagnostic from the Diagnostic Instrument Manipulator (DIM). The new design and preliminary results are presented. C1 [Hatch, Ben; Palmer, Nathan; Ayers, Shannon; Browning, Don; Felker, Brian; Holder, Joe; Homoelle, Doug; Khan, Shahab; Kimbrough, Joe; MacPhee, Andrew; Petre, R. B.; Perfect, Brad; Throop, Alan; Wong, J. Nan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hatch, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hatch12@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 92110H DI 10.1117/12.2064042 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100012 ER PT S AU Izumi, N Hall, GN Carpenter, AC Allen, FV Cruz, JG Felker, B Hargrove, D Holder, J Kilkenny, JD Lumbard, A Montesanti, R Palmer, NE Piston, K Stone, G Thao, M Vern, R Zacharias, R Landen, OL Tommasini, R Bradley, DK Bell, PM AF Izumi, N. Hall, G. N. Carpenter, A. C. Allen, F. V. Cruz, J. G. Felker, B. Hargrove, D. Holder, J. Kilkenny, J. D. Lumbard, A. Montesanti, R. Palmer, N. E. Piston, K. Stone, G. Thao, M. Vern, R. Zacharias, R. Landen, O. L. Tommasini, R. Bradley, D. K. Bell, P. M. BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Demonstration of enhanced DQE with a dual MCP configuration SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE gated x-ray imager; x-ray framing camera; Compton radiography; micro-channel plate ID TARGETS; PLASMA AB X-ray framing cameras based on proximity-focused micro-channel plates (MCP) have been playing an important role as diagnostics of inertial confinement fusion experiments [1]. Most of the current x-ray framing cameras consist of a single MCP, a phosphor, and a recording device (e.g. CCD or photographic films). This configuration is successful for imaging x-rays with energies below 20 keV, but detective quantum efficiency (DQE) above 20 keV is severely reduced due to the large gain differential between the top and the bottom of the plate for these volumetrically absorbed photons [2]. Recently developed diagnostic techniques at LLNL require recording backlit images of extremely dense imploded plasmas using hard x-rays, and demand the detector to be sensitive to photons with energies higher than 40 keV [3]. To increase the sensitivity in the high-energy region, we propose to use a combination of two MCPs. The first MCP is operated in low gain and works as a thick photocathode, and the second MCP works as a high gain electron multiplier [4,5]. We assembled a proof-of-principle test module by using this dual MCP configuration and demonstrated 4.5% DQE at 60 keV x-rays. C1 [Izumi, N.; Hall, G. N.; Carpenter, A. C.; Allen, F. V.; Cruz, J. G.; Felker, B.; Hargrove, D.; Holder, J.; Lumbard, A.; Montesanti, R.; Palmer, N. E.; Piston, K.; Stone, G.; Thao, M.; Vern, R.; Zacharias, R.; Landen, O. L.; Tommasini, R.; Bradley, D. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kilkenny, J. D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Izumi, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 921102 DI 10.1117/12.2063304 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100001 ER PT S AU Janesick, J Elliott, T Andrews, J Tower, J Bell, P Teruya, A Kimbrough, J Bishop, J AF Janesick, James Elliott, Tom Andrews, James Tower, John Bell, Perry Teruya, Alan Kimbrough, Joe Bishop, Jeanne BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Mk x Nk gated CMOS imager SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CMOS and CCD scientific imagers ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY AB Our paper will describe a recently designed Mk x Nk x 1 0 um pixel CMOS gated imager intended to be first employed at the LLNL National Ignition Facility (NIF). Fabrication involves stitching MxN 1 024x 1 024x 1 0 um pixel blocks together into a monolithic imager (where M = 1, 2,.. 1 0 and N = 1, 2,.. 1 0). The imager has been designed for either NMOS or PMOS pixel fabrication using a base 0. 1 8 um/3.3V CMOS process. Details behind the design are discussed with emphasis on a custom global reset feature which erases the imager of unwanted charge in similar to 1 us during the fusion ignition process followed by an exposure to obtain useful data. Performance data generated by prototype imagers designed similar to the Mk x Nk sensor is presented. C1 [Janesick, James; Elliott, Tom] SRI Sarnoff, Huntington Beach, CA 92649 USA. [Andrews, James; Tower, John] SRI Sarnoff, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bell, Perry; Teruya, Alan; Kimbrough, Joe] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bishop, Jeanne] Chronicle Technol Inc, Newport Beach, CA 92660 USA. RP Janesick, J (reprint author), SRI Sarnoff, 4952 Warner Av,Suite 300, Huntington Beach, CA 92649 USA. EM CMOSCCD@AOL.COM NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 921106 DI 10.1117/12.2063524 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100004 ER PT S AU Lemieux, DA Barber, HB Grim, GP Archuleta, T Fatherley, V Fastje, D AF Lemieux, Daniel A. Barber, H. Bradford Grim, Gary P. Archuleta, Thomas Fatherley, Valerie Fastje, David BE Bell, PM Grim, GP TI Testing of a Gamma Ray Imaging System at the High Intensity Gamma Source SO TARGET DIAGNOSTICS PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING FOR INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE NIF; gamma; LYSO; HIGS; scintillator; ignition; fusion AB Testing of the gamma ray imaging system will continue at the High Intensity Gamma Source (HIGS) at Duke University. Previous testing at OMEGA gave useful information but at much lower photon energies. Utilizing HIGS 108 gammas/s and its tight beam we will be able to characterize the system in the energy regime that it was designed for namely 4.44 MeV. HIGS offers the ability to tune the beam's energy from 1-20 MeV by way of controlling the inverse Compton scattering off of a relativistic electron beam. With this feature characterization in a range of energies will be possible. Targets were made using a ray-tracing program that replicates a 12-micron ideal pinhole and a 20 cm long 300-micron gold penumbra aperture. The latter will require reconstruction of the coded images. C1 [Lemieux, Daniel A.; Grim, Gary P.; Archuleta, Thomas; Fatherley, Valerie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lemieux, Daniel A.; Barber, H. Bradford; Fastje, David] Univ Arizona, Coll Opt Sci, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Med Imaging, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Lemieux, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-238-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9211 AR 921105 DI 10.1117/12.2066254 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC6PS UT WOS:000354362100003 ER PT J AU Beshr, M Aute, V Sharma, V Abdelaziz, O Fricke, B Radermacher, R AF Beshr, M. Aute, V. Sharma, V. Abdelaziz, O. Fricke, B. Radermacher, R. BE Hu, W Zhao, G TI A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CO2 SUPERMARKET REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS SO 11TH IIR GUSTAV LORENTZEN CONFERENCE ON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS (2014): NATURAL REFRIGERANTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants - Natural Refrigerants and Environmental Protection CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2014 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, Zhejiang Univ, Johnson Controls, Yantai Moon, Danfoss, GREE, Emerson, Baicue, LU VE Grp, Shecco, IIR AB Supermarket refrigeration systems have high environmental impact due to their large refrigerant charge and high leak rates. Accordingly, the interest in using natural refrigerants, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), and new refrigerant blends with low GWP in such systems is increasing. In this paper, an open-source Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) framework is presented and used to compare the environmental impact of three supermarket refrigeration systems. These systems include a transcritical CO2 booster system, a cascade CO2/N-40 system, and a baseline R-404A multiplex direct expansion system. The study is performed for cities representing different climates within the USA using EnergyPlus to simulate the systems' hourly performance. Finally, a parametric analysis is performed to study the impact of annual leak rate on the systems' LCCP. C1 [Beshr, M.; Aute, V.; Radermacher, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sharma, V.; Abdelaziz, O.; Fricke, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beshr, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 3155 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vikrant@umd.edu; sharmav@ornl.gov RI Abdelaziz, Omar/O-9542-2015 OI Abdelaziz, Omar/0000-0002-4418-0125 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE PY 2014 BP 269 EP 276 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Environmental Sciences SC Thermodynamics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC4NF UT WOS:000352781600029 ER PT J AU Sharma, V Fricke, B Bansal, P AF Sharma, V. Fricke, B. Bansal, P. BE Hu, W Zhao, G TI CO2 SUPERMARKET REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE USA SO 11TH IIR GUSTAV LORENTZEN CONFERENCE ON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS (2014): NATURAL REFRIGERANTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants - Natural Refrigerants and Environmental Protection CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2014 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, Zhejiang Univ, Johnson Controls, Yantai Moon, Danfoss, GREE, Emerson, Baicue, LU VE Grp, Shecco, IIR DE CarbonDioxide; Transcritical Booster System; Cascade System; Refrigeration; Thermodynamics; Global Warming Potential; Supermarket; R-404A AB This paper presents a comparative analysis of the annual energy consumption of CO(2)refrigeration systems in eighty eight cities from all climate zones in Southeast Asia. Also, the performance of the CO2 refrigeration systems is compared to the baseline R-404A multiplex direct expansion (DX) system. Finally, the overall performance of the CO2 refrigeration systems in various climatic conditions in Southeast Asia is compared to that in the United States. For the refrigeration systems investigated, it was found that the Transcritical Booster System with Bypass Compressor (TBS-BC) performs better or equivalent to the R-404A multiplex DX system in the northern regions of Southeast Asia (China and Japan). In the southern regions of Southeast Asia (India, Bangladesh, Burma), the R-404A multiplex DX and the Combined Secondary Cascade (CSC) systems perform better than the TBS-BC. C1 [Sharma, V.; Fricke, B.; Bansal, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sharma, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sharmav@ornl.gov; frickeba@ornl.gov; bansalpk@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE PY 2014 BP 328 EP 336 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Environmental Sciences SC Thermodynamics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC4NF UT WOS:000352781600036 ER PT J AU Sharma, V Fricke, B Bansal, P AF Sharma, V. Fricke, B. Bansal, P. BE Hu, W Zhao, G TI SUPERMARKET REFRIGERATION SYSTEM CHARGE REDUCTION USING CASCADE SYSTEMS SO 11TH IIR GUSTAV LORENTZEN CONFERENCE ON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS (2014): NATURAL REFRIGERANTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants - Natural Refrigerants and Environmental Protection CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2014 CL Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, Zhejiang Univ, Johnson Controls, Yantai Moon, Danfoss, GREE, Emerson, Baicue, LU VE Grp, Shecco, IIR DE Carbon Dioxide; Cascade System; Refrigeration; Thermodynamics; Global Warming Potential; Supermarket; R-404A AB Multiplex direct expansion (DX) refrigeration systems using hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, commonly employed in supermarkets, have a significant direct impact on the environment due to high refrigerant charge and the high Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the refrigerant. Thus, cascade systems and secondary loop systems using carbon dioxide (CO2) are becoming popular alternatives to the multiplex DX system due to their reduced refrigeration charge and the lower GWP of the refrigerant. In this paper, a comparative study of the CO2 cascade systems along with the baseline R404A multiplex DX system is performed. Also, a Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) comparison of these systems in various cities in China is performed. In this study, it was found that by switching from a R404A multiplex DX system to a combined secondary loop/cascade system, the refrigerant charge can be reduced by 40% with a small decrease in system performance (up to 2%), resulting in an overall decrease in lifetime greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Sharma, V.; Fricke, B.; Bansal, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sharma, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sharmav@ornl.gov; frickeba@ornl.gov; bansalpk@ornl.gov OI Fricke, Brian/0000-0001-8197-3477 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE PY 2014 BP 956 EP 962 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Environmental Sciences SC Thermodynamics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC4NF UT WOS:000352781600113 ER PT J AU Rush, G Tauritz, DR Kent, AD AF Rush, George Tauritz, Daniel R. Kent, Alexander D. BE Chang, CK Gao, Y Hurson, A Matskin, M McMillin, B Okabe, Y Seceleanu, C Yoshida, K TI DCAFE: A Distributed Cyber Security Automation Framework for Experiments SO 2014 38TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS (COMPSACW 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) CY JUL 21-25, 2014 CL Vasteras, SWEDEN SP IEEE, IEEE Cloud Comp, Korean Inst Informat Scientists & Engineers, Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, IEEE Comp Soc, IPS, CCF, Malardalen Univ Sweden, ABB, Missouri S & T DE cyber security; distributed system; experiment framework; automation; software agent AB Cyber security has quickly become an overwhelming challenge for governments, businesses, private organizations, and individuals. In an increasingly connected world, the trend is for resources to be accessible from anywhere at any time. Greater access to resources implies more targets and potentially a larger surface area for attacks, which makes securing systems more difficult. Automated and semi-automated solutions are needed to keep up with the deluge of modern threats, but designing such systems requires a distributed architecture to support development and testing. Several such architectures exist, but most only focus on providing a platform for running cyber security experiments as opposed to automating experiment processes. In response to this need, we have built a distributed framework based on software agents which can manage system roles, automate data collection, analyze results, and run new experiments without human intervention. The contribution of this work is the creation of a model for experiment automation and control in a distributed system environment, and this paper provides a detailed description of our framework based on that model. C1 [Rush, George; Tauritz, Daniel R.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Nat Computat Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Kent, Alexander D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Adv Comp Solut, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rush, G (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Nat Computat Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM gdr34b@mst.edu; dtauritz@acm.org; alex@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3578-9 PY 2014 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1109/COMPSACW.2014.26 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC4NJ UT WOS:000352787700023 ER PT J AU Hosic, J Tauritz, DR Mulder, SA AF Hosic, Jasenko Tauritz, Daniel R. Mulder, Samuel A. BE Chang, CK Gao, Y Hurson, A Matskin, M McMillin, B Okabe, Y Seceleanu, C Yoshida, K TI Evolving Decision Trees for the Categorization of Software SO 2014 38TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS (COMPSACW 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) CY JUL 21-25, 2014 CL Vasteras, SWEDEN SP IEEE, IEEE Cloud Comp, Korean Inst Informat Scientists & Engineers, Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, IEEE Comp Soc, IPS, CCF, Malardalen Univ Sweden, ABB, Missouri S & T DE program understanding; genetic programming AB Current manual techniques of static reverse engineering are inefficient at providing semantic program understanding. We have developed an automated method to categorize applications in order to quickly determine pertinent characteristics. Prior work in this area has had some success, but a major strength of our approach is that it produces heuristics that can be reused for quick analysis of new data. Our method relies on a genetic programming algorithm to evolve decision trees which can be used to categorize software. The terminals, or leaf nodes, within the trees each contain values based on selected features from one of several attributes: system calls, byte n-grams, opcode n-grams, cyclomatic complexity, and bonding. The evolved decision trees are reusable and achieve average accuracies above 95% when categorizing programs based on compiler origin and versions. Developing new decision trees simply requires more labeled datasets and potentially different feature selection algorithms for other attributes, depending on the data being classified. C1 [Hosic, Jasenko; Tauritz, Daniel R.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Nat Computat Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Mulder, Samuel A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hosic, J (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Nat Computat Lab, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM jhosic@gmail.com; dtauritz@acm.org; samulde@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3578-9 PY 2014 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1109/COMPSACW.2014.59 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC4NJ UT WOS:000352787700057 ER PT J AU Ziegler, D Klaassen, A Bahri, D Chmielewski, D Nievergelt, A Mugele, F Sader, JE Ashby, PD AF Ziegler, D. Klaassen, A. Bahri, D. Chmielewski, D. Nievergelt, A. Mugele, F. Sader, J. E. Ashby, P. D. GP IEEE TI ENCASED CANTILEVERS FOR LOW-NOISE FORCE AND MASS SENSING IN LIQUIDS SO 2014 IEEE 27TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 26-30, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc ID MICROSCOPE CANTILEVERS AB Viscous damping severely limits the performance of resonator based sensing in liquids. We present encased cantilevers that overcome this limitation with a transparent and hydrophobic encasement built around the resonator. Only a few micrometers of the cantilever probe protrude from the encasement and water does not enter the encasement. This maintains high Q-factors and reduces the thermo-mechanical noise levels by over one order of magnitude and reaches minimal detectable forces of 12 fN/.Hz in liquids. These probes expand the frontiers of cantilever based sensing. We discuss their design and fabrication with special focus on squeeze film damping and demonstrate their successful application for quantitative mass sensing of single nanoparticles and gentle Atomic Force Microscopy imaging of soft matter in liquids. C1 [Ziegler, D.; Bahri, D.; Chmielewski, D.; Nievergelt, A.; Ashby, P. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klaassen, A.; Mugele, F.] Univ Twente, Twente, Netherlands. [Sader, J. E.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Ashby, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pdashby@lbl.gov RI Mugele, Frieder/A-5225-2017 OI Mugele, Frieder/0000-0003-3824-3617 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3508-6 PY 2014 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC4AO UT WOS:000352217500033 ER PT J AU Zheng, XY Deotte, J Vericella, J Shusteff, M Weisgraber, T Lee, H Fang, N Spadaccini, CM AF Zheng, Xiaoyu Deotte, Joshua Vericella, John Shusteff, Maxim Weisgraber, Todd Lee, H. Fang, N. Spadaccini, Christopher M. GP IEEE TI LIGHTWEIGHT MICRO LATTICES WITH NANOSCALE FEATURES FABRICATED FROM PROJECTION MICROSTEREOLITHOGRAPHY SO 2014 IEEE 27TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 26-30, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB Complex, three-dimensional lightweight cellular materials inspired by nature, such as honeycomb and foam-like structures are desirable for a broad array of applications such as structural components, catalysts supports and energy efficient materials. Additionally, when designed with interconnected porosity, the open volume in the architecture can be exploited for active cooling or energy storage, providing unique opportunities for multifunctionality. However, they are extremely difficult to fabricate with the current state-of-the-art fabrication techniques. This paper reports the fabrication of complex, three-dimensional cellular materials with nanoscale features using a novel additive manufacturing approach, namely Projection Microstereolithography (P mu SL) C1 [Zheng, Xiaoyu; Deotte, Joshua; Vericella, John; Shusteff, Maxim; Weisgraber, Todd; Spadaccini, Christopher M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lee, H.; Fang, N.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Zheng, XY (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM zheng3@llnl.gov OI Fang, Nicholas/0000-0001-5713-629X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3508-6 PY 2014 BP 510 EP 513 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC4AO UT WOS:000352217500132 ER PT J AU Spicer, JB Zeng, FW Han, K Olasov, LR Gallego, NC Contescu, CI AF Spicer, James B. Zeng, Fan W. Han, Karen Olasov, Lauren R. Gallego, Nidia C. Contescu, Cristian I. GP IEEE TI Effects of Graphite Porosity and Anisotropy on Measurements of Elastic Modulus using Laser Ultrasonics SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY SEP 03-06, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE laser ultrasonics; graphite; porosity; Young's modulus; anisotropy; shear birefringence ID IG-110 AB Laser ultrasonic techniques can be used to study the ultrasonic properties of nuclear graphites and can serve as tools in establishing relationships between materials microstructure and the macroscopic stiffnesses of graphite. Establishing structure-property relationships permits improved ultrasonic sensing of graphite microstructural changes related to service-induced degradation. Laser ultrasonic measurements were made using a pulsed Nd: YAG laser source and detection was performed using a Michelson-type interferometer. This source-receiver combination provides for non-contacting, highly linear transduction of broadbanded, ultrasonic pulses permitting simultaneous determination of longitudinal and shear stiffnesses. Measurements show that among the graphites examined, a change in density of 0.21 g/cm(3) (average 1.8 g/cm(3)) results in a change in the longitudinal elastic stiffness of 7.1 GPa (average 12.2 GPa) and 3.2 GPa (average 4.3 GPa) for the shear stiffness. Larger variations in density were produced by controlled oxidation of IG-110 and NBG-18. Shear wave birefringence measurements using laser line sources in IG-110 and PCEA indicate that IG-110 behaves isotropically while PCEA displays texture characteristic of transversely isotropic materials. C1 [Spicer, James B.; Zeng, Fan W.; Han, Karen; Olasov, Lauren R.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gallego, Nidia C.; Contescu, Cristian I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Spicer, JB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. OI Contescu, Cristian/0000-0002-7450-3722; Gallego, Nidia/0000-0002-8252-0194 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7049-0 PY 2014 BP 232 EP 235 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0059 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BC4NN UT WOS:000352792500059 ER PT J AU Suthar, K Benmore, CJ Den Hartog, P Tamalonis, A Weber, R AF Suthar, Kamlesh Benmore, Chris J. Den Hartog, Patric Tamalonis, Anthony Weber, Richard GP IEEE TI Levitating Water Droplets Formed By Mist Particles In An Acoustic Field SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY SEP 03-06, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE Acoustic levitator; finite element Analysis of levitation; levitation simulation; containerless environment; amorphous drug drying AB Understanding the physics behind levitation and the flow field around suspended liquid droplets is key to enhancing the drying process of pharmaceuticals and food products. Here an acoustic levitator has been successfully integrated at the Advanced Photon Source for In-situ high-energy x-ray diffraction measurements on particles suspended in an acoustic field. It is demonstrated that acoustic levitation can be utilized to mimic the spray drying amorphization process under controlled conditions. Investigating the velocity field around levitating droplets is also important to understand the forces acting upon the droplets during the levitation process. This paper presents experimental results of the flow field in an acoustic field using Particle Imaging Velocimetry and high-speed imaging and using 3D finite element analysis. The finite element analysis was employed to evaluate the required experimental conditions. The finite element results of acoustically levitated droplets from an ultrasonic wave operating at 22 KHz are compared and discussed. The finite element simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. C1 [Suthar, Kamlesh; Den Hartog, Patric] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Benmore, Chris J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL USA. [Tamalonis, Anthony; Weber, Richard] Mat Dev Inc, Res & Dev, Evanston, IL USA. RP Suthar, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM suthar@anl.gov; benmore@anl.gov; rweber@anl.gov OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7049-0 PY 2014 BP 467 EP 470 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0116 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BC4NN UT WOS:000352792500116 ER PT J AU Branch, DW Smith, GT Vreeland, EC Blakemore, R Alland, D AF Branch, Darren W. Smith, Gennifer T. Vreeland, Erika C. Blakemore, Robert Alland, David GP IEEE TI Nucleic Acid Extraction using a Rapid, Chemical Free, Ultrasonic Technique for Point-of-Care Diagnostics SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY SEP 03-06, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE acoustic lysis; PCR; Mycobacterium tuberculosis formatting; Point-of-Care ID BACTERIAL-SPORES; DNA ANALYSIS; DISRUPTION; CELLS; TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSDUCERS AB We have developed a miniature ultrasonic lysing system for the rapid release and extraction of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) DNA. The prototype consists of two key sections, a disposable plastic manifold that hold sputum slides and a plastic cartridge with five fluidic DNA extraction channels. The MTB vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was used as a simulant for MTB for all the lysing studies. The slide manifold houses up to five individual sputum slides and is processed by a computer to fill and load the cartridges with sputum suspensions from each slide. The plastic cartridge was developed to facilitate acoustic coupling through the bottom interface such that MTB/BCG can be lysed remotely. The disposable cartridge eliminated cross contamination problems and additional cleaning time. Due to the high power density, only 66 mW was required to lyse microliter BCG samples at the same level as the positive control (i.e. boiling for 30 minutes at 95 degrees C). C1 [Branch, Darren W.; Smith, Gennifer T.; Vreeland, Erika C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Blakemore, Robert; Alland, David] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Rutgers, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Branch, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwbranc@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7049-0 PY 2014 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0124 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BC4NN UT WOS:000352792500124 ER PT J AU Branch, DW Olsson, RH AF Branch, Darren W. Olsson, Roy H., III GP IEEE TI Suppressing Fine-Frequency Modes in Aluminum Nitride Microresonators SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY SEP 03-06, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE Aluminum nitride; Spurious Modes; FEM; COM; Lamb Waves ID RESONATORS AB Eliminating spurious modes in Aluminum Nitride (AlN) microresonators improves their insertion loss and quality factor by reducing acoustic energy leakage. Spurious modes that result from transverse wave propagation, termed fine-frequency modes, leak energy and propagate in the electrical busing and appear near the fundamental resonance. Although these modes can be predicted using threedimensional (3D) finite element methods (FEM) for devices with very short acoustic length (e.g. 1 acoustic wavelength), 3D FEM is very slow and memory intensive when compared to a two-dimensional (2D) simulation. A fast 2D coupling-of-modes (COM) model was developed to predict, identify and implement strategies to suppress the fine-frequency modes. C1 [Branch, Darren W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Olsson, Roy H., III] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Branch, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwbranc@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7049-0 PY 2014 BP 572 EP 577 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0141 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BC4NN UT WOS:000352792500141 ER PT J AU Patel, N Branch, DW Cular, S Schamiloglu, E AF Patel, Nishant Branch, Darren W. Cular, Stefan Schamiloglu, Edl GP IEEE TI Comparative Study of Lithium Niobate Crystal Cuts for Use as High-Voltage Acoustic Wave Sensors SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY SEP 03-06, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE DE electrical measurements; beam propagation; high-voltage; lithium niobate; bulk acoustic waves AB A comparison study between Y+36 degrees lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and 0 degrees X-cut LiNbO3 was performed to evaluate the influence of crystal cut on the performance of a piezoelectric high-voltage (HV) sensor. The acoustic wave propagation time was monitored prior to, during, and after applying three different HV source types to the crystal. Direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), and pulsed voltages were used. Data show that the voltage-induced shift in the acoustic wave propagation time scales quadratically for DC and AC voltage for the X-cut crystal. For the Y+36 degrees LiNbO3 crystal, the acoustic wave arrival time scales linearly with DC voltage and quadratically with AC voltage. When applying 5 mu s voltage pulses to the crystal, the voltage-induced shift scales linearly with voltage for both crystal cuts. Data suggest LiNbO3 has a frequency sensitive response to voltage and the influence from the crystal cut is significant when applying AC and pulsed voltage to the crystal. C1 [Patel, Nishant; Cular, Stefan] Sandia Natl Labs, Primary Elect Stand, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Branch, Darren W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Patel, Nishant; Schamiloglu, Edl] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Patel, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Primary Elect Stand, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7049-0 PY 2014 BP 1983 EP 1985 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0493 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BC4NN UT WOS:000352792500491 ER PT S AU Chaudhuri, A Wei, TH Lee, TY Shen, HW Peterka, T AF Chaudhuri, Abon Wei, Tzu-Hsuan Lee, Teng-Yok Shen, Han-Wei Peterka, Tom GP IEEE TI Efficient Range Distribution Query for Visualizing Scientific Data SO 2014 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis) SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis) CY MAR 04-07, 2014 CL Keio Univ, Yokohama, JAPAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, ACM, ACM SIGGRAPH, Eurograph HO Keio Univ DE Distributions; Indexing; Query; Large data ID HISTOGRAMS AB Visualization applications implicitly run queries on the data to retrieve distributions and statistical measures derivable from distributions. Distribution based data summaries can substitute for the raw data to answer statistical queries of different kinds. However, frequent access to the raw data is no longer practical, if possible at all, for answering large number of queries on large-scale data. Our work addresses the issue by accelerating range distribution query, which returns the distribution of an axis-aligned query region. Maintaining the interactivity of such query is a challenging task because the workload and the response time of such queries scale up with the data and the query size. In this paper, we present a framework for answering range distribution queries for any arbitrary region in near constant time, regardless of data and query size. We adapt an integral histogram based data structure to bound the workload which is a combination of computation, I/O and communication cost. We propose two novel transformations of this data structure -a decomposition and a similarity-driven indexing -to reduce the huge storage cost associated with it. In addition to studying the performance of range distribution query, we also demonstrate the benefits that our technique offers to visualization applications which directly or indirectly require distributions. C1 [Chaudhuri, Abon; Wei, Tzu-Hsuan; Lee, Teng-Yok; Shen, Han-Wei] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Peterka, Tom] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chaudhuri, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM chaudhuri.23@osu.edu; wei.225@osu.edu; Teng-Yok.T.Lee@ieee.org; shen.94@osu.edu; tpeterka@mcs.anl.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-4799-2873-6 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2014 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1109/PacificVis.2014.60 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BC5SP UT WOS:000353547000026 ER PT B AU Chavez, DE AF Chavez, David E. BE Brinck, T TI The Development of Environmentally Sustainable Manufacturing Technologies for Energetic Materials SO GREEN ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, WX Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, WX Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-67645-5; 978-1-119-94129-3 PY 2014 BP 235 EP 258 D2 10.1002/9781118676448 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BC2QT UT WOS:000351236500010 ER PT S AU Amezcua, F Bellgraph, B AF Amezcua, Felipe Bellgraph, Brian BE Amezcua, F Bellgraph, B TI Epilogue: Fisheries Management of Estuarine Systems of Mexico and Central America, what we know and what we need SO FISHERIES MANAGEMENT OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ESTUARIES SE Estuaries of the World LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Amezcua, Felipe] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. [Bellgraph, Brian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Mem Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Amezcua, F (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2214-1553 BN 978-94-017-8917-2; 978-94-017-8916-5 J9 ESTAUR WOR PY 2014 BP 205 EP 207 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-8917-2 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-8917-2 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC4YY UT WOS:000353052700014 ER PT S AU Wohlers, I Le Boudic-Jamin, M Djidjev, H Klau, GW Andonov, R AF Wohlers, Inken Le Boudic-Jamin, Mathilde Djidjev, Hristo Klau, Gunnar W. Andonov, Rumen BE Dediu, AH MartinVide, C Truthe, B TI Exact Protein Structure Classification Using the Maximum Contact Map Overlap Metric SO ALGORITHMS FOR COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY SE Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Algorithms for Computational Biology (AlCoB) CY JUL 01-03, 2014 CL Tarragona, SPAIN SP Rovira i Virgili Univ, Res Grp Math Linguist DE k-nearest neighbours; metric spaces; maximum contact map overlap; automatic classification of proteins ID STRUCTURE ALIGNMENTS; COMMON SUBGRAPH; GAUSS INTEGRALS; ALGORITHM; SCOP; CATH AB In this work we propose a new distance measure for comparing two protein structures based on their contact map representations. We show that our novel measure, which we refer to as the maximum contact map overlap (max-CMO) metric, satisfies all properties of a metric on the space of protein representations. Having a metric in that space allows to avoid pairwise comparisons on the entire database and thus to significantly accelerate exploring the protein space compared to nonmetric spaces. We show on a gold-standard classification benchmark set of 6, 759 and 67, 609 proteins, resp., that our exact k-nearest neighbor scheme classifies up to 95% and 99% of queries correctly. Our k-NN classification thus provides a promising approach for the automatic classification of protein structures based on contact map overlap. C1 [Wohlers, Inken] Univ Duisburg Essen, Genome Informat, Essen, Germany. [Le Boudic-Jamin, Mathilde; Andonov, Rumen] INRIA Rennes Bretagne Atlantique, Rennes, France. [Le Boudic-Jamin, Mathilde; Andonov, Rumen] Univ Rennes 1, F-35014 Rennes, France. [Djidjev, Hristo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Klau, Gunnar W.] CWI, Life Sci, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Wohlers, I (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Genome Informat, Essen, Germany. EM inken.wohlers@uni-due.de; mathilde.le_boudic-jamin@irisa.fr; djidjev@lanl.gov; gunnar.klau@cwi.nl; rumen.andonov@irisa.fr OI Klau, Gunnar W./0000-0002-6340-0090 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-07953-0; 978-3-319-07952-3 J9 LECT N BIOINFORMAT JI Lect. Notes Bioinforma. PY 2014 VL 8542 BP 262 EP 273 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Information Systems; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BC4LQ UT WOS:000352635300021 ER PT S AU Lichtner, PC Karra, S AF Lichtner, Peter C. Karra, Satish BE AlKhoury, R Bundschuh, J TI Modeling multiscale-multiphase-multicomponent reactive flows in porous media: Application to CO2 sequestration and enhanced geothermal energy using PFLOTRAN SO COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR CO2 GEO-SEQUESTRATION & COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SE Sustainable Energy Developments LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINITE-ELEMENT TECHNIQUE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CONTINUUM MODEL; MASS-TRANSPORT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WORKING FLUID; SYSTEMS; RESERVOIRS; EQUATION; STATE C1 [Lichtner, Peter C.] OFM Res, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. [Karra, Satish] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lichtner, PC (reprint author), OFM Res, Santa Fe, NM 87507 USA. EM peter.lichtner@gmail.com; satkarra@lanl.gov NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2164-0645 BN 978-1-315-77872-3; 978-1-138-01520-3 J9 SUSTAIN ENERG DEV PY 2014 VL 10 BP 81 EP 136 PG 56 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Geological; Mathematics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA BC2MC UT WOS:000351076900005 ER PT S AU Xu, TF Zheng, LG AF Xu, Tianfu Zheng, Liange BE AlKhoury, R Bundschuh, J TI Reactive transport modeling issues of CO2 geological storage SO COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR CO2 GEO-SEQUESTRATION & COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SE Sustainable Energy Developments LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; POROUS-MEDIA; ROCK INTERACTIONS; GREENHOUSE GASES; MULTIPHASE FLOW; SEQUESTRATION; DISSOLUTION; AQUIFERS; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS C1 [Xu, Tianfu] Jilin Univ, Coll Environm & Resources, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. [Xu, Tianfu; Zheng, Liange] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div 74 316C, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, TF (reprint author), Jilin Univ, Coll Environm & Resources, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. EM tianfu_xu@lbl.gov; lzheng@lbl.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2164-0645 BN 978-1-315-77872-3; 978-1-138-01520-3 J9 SUSTAIN ENERG DEV PY 2014 VL 10 BP 171 EP 190 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Geological; Mathematics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA BC2MC UT WOS:000351076900007 ER PT S AU Pan, LH Oldenburg, CM AF Pan, Lehua Oldenburg, Curtis M. BE AlKhoury, R Bundschuh, J TI Rigorous process simulation of compressed air energy storage (CAES) in porous media systems SO COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR CO2 GEO-SEQUESTRATION & COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE SE Sustainable Energy Developments LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 2-PHASE FLOW; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CUSHION GAS; WELLBORE; CO2; INJECTION; PRESSURE; PLANT; TUBES; MODEL C1 [Pan, Lehua; Oldenburg, Curtis M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div 74 316C, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pan, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Earth Sci Div 74 316C, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lpan@lbl.gov; cmoldenburg@lbl.gov RI Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2164-0645 BN 978-1-315-77872-3; 978-1-138-01520-3 J9 SUSTAIN ENERG DEV PY 2014 VL 10 BP 479 EP 498 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Geological; Mathematics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA BC2MC UT WOS:000351076900017 ER PT J AU Edwards, HC Trott, CR AF Edwards, H. Carter Trott, Christian R. GP IEEE TI Kokkos: Enabling performance portability across manycore architectures SO 2013 EXTREME SCALING WORKSHOP (XSW 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Extreme Scaling Workshop (XSW) CY AUG 15-16, 2013 CL Extreme Sci & Engn Discovery Environm, Boulder, CO SP Blue Waters HO Extreme Sci & Engn Discovery Environm AB The manycore revolution in computational hardware can be characterized by increasing thread counts, decreasing memory per thread, and architecture specific performance constraints for memory access patterns. High performance computing (HPC) on emerging manycore architectures requires codes to exploit every opportunity for thread-level parallelism and satisfy conflicting performance constraints. We developed the Kokkos C++ library to provide scientific and engineering codes with a user accessible manycore performance portable programming model. The two foundational abstractions of Kokkos are (1) dispatch work to a manycore device for parallel execution and (2) manage multidimensional arrays with polymorphic layouts. The integration of these abstractions enables users' code to satisfy multiple architecture specific memory access pattern performance constraints without having to modify their source code. In this paper we describe the Kokkos abstractions, summarize its application programmer interface (API), and present performance results for a molecular dynamics computational kernel and finite element mini-application. C1 [Edwards, H. Carter; Trott, Christian R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Edwards, HC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1318, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Trott, Christian/B-6757-2011 OI Trott, Christian/0000-0003-0661-5594 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3691-5 PY 2014 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1109/XSW.2013.7 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC3PJ UT WOS:000351838900003 ER PT J AU Woodward, PR Jayaraj, J Lin, PH Knox, M Hammond, SD Greensky, J Anderson, SE AF Woodward, Paul R. Jayaraj, Jagan Lin, Pei-Hung Knox, Michael Hammond, Simon D. Greensky, James Anderson, Sarah E. GP IEEE TI Scaling the Multifluid PPM Code on Blue Waters and Intel MIC SO 2013 EXTREME SCALING WORKSHOP (XSW 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Extreme Scaling Workshop (XSW) CY AUG 15-16, 2013 CL Extreme Sci & Engn Discovery Environm, Boulder, CO SP Blue Waters HO Extreme Sci & Engn Discovery Environm DE high performance computing; petascale computing; multicore processors ID SIMULATION AB Over the course of the last year, we have worked to adapt our multifluid PPM code to run well at scale on the Blue Waters machine at NCSA as well as on networks of Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. The work on Blue Waters has been in collaboration with Cray and that with Intel's MIC co-processors in collaboration with Intel. Our starting point for this work was a version of the code that was developed to run well at scale on the Los Alamos Roadrunner machine. We therefore began with an implementation that was designed to take advantage of heterogeneous processor systems. In this paper, we will discuss scaling issues encountered on Blue Waters as well as issues encountered with Intel's MIC co-processors. We present the code structure that we developed in this work, beginning with its parallel implementation using heterogeneous MPI processes and proceeding to its parallel implementation on a single multi- or many-core CPU. We also present a sampling of results from a simulation on Blue Waters on a 1.18 trillion cell grid that ran at a sustained rate in 32-bit precision of 1.5 Pflop/s. C1 [Woodward, Paul R.; Jayaraj, Jagan; Lin, Pei-Hung; Knox, Michael] Univ Minnesota, Lab Computat Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hammond, Simon D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Sci Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Greensky, James] Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR USA. [Anderson, Sarah E.] Cray Inc, St Paul, MN USA. RP Woodward, PR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Lab Computat Sci & Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM paul@lcse.umn.edu; jaganj@cs.umn.edu; phlin@cs.umn.edu; mikeknox@lcse.umn.edu; sdhammo@sandia.gov; james.j.greensy@intel.com; saraha@cray.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3691-5 PY 2014 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1109/XSW.2013.13 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC3PJ UT WOS:000351838900009 ER PT S AU Larsen, PE Collart, FR Dai, Y AF Larsen, Peter E. Collart, Frank R. Dai, Yang GP IEEE TI Using Metabolomic and Transportomic Modeling and Machine Learning to Identify Putative Novel Therapeutic Targets for Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonad Infections SO 2014 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC) CY AUG 26-30, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Engn Medicine & Biol Soc ID AERUGINOSA; KEGG AB Hospital acquired infections sicken or kill tens of thousands of patients every year. These infections are difficult to treat due to a growing prevalence of resistance to many antibiotics. Among these hospital acquired infections, bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are among the most common opportunistic pathogens. Computational methods for predicting potential novel antimicrobial therapies for hospital acquired Pseudomonad infections, as well as other hospital acquired infectious pathogens, are desperately needed. Using data generated from sequenced Pseudomonad genomes and metabolomic and transportomic computational approaches developed in our laboratory, we present a support vector machine learning method for identifying the most predictive molecular mechanisms that distinguish pathogenic from nonpathogenic Pseudomonads. Predictions were highly accurate, yielding F-scores between 0.84 and 0.98 in leave one out cross validations. These mechanisms are high-value targets for the development of new antimicrobial therapies. C1 [Larsen, Peter E.; Collart, Frank R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dai, Yang] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Larsen, PE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM plarsen@anl.gov; fcollart@anl.gov; yangdai@uic.edu OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-7929-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2014 BP 314 EP 317 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1EL UT WOS:000350044700079 ER PT S AU Shah, KG Lee, KY Tolosa, V Tooker, A Felix, S Pannu, S AF Shah, Kedar G. Lee, Kye Young Tolosa, Vanessa Tooker, Angela Felix, Sarah Pannu, Satinderpall GP IEEE TI Diffusion-bonded Electrodes for Chronic Neural Stimulation SO 2014 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC) CY AUG 26-30, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Engn Medicine & Biol Soc ID INTERFACES; FILM AB We report a novel method to fabricate chronic neural interfaces with the intent to combine the reliability and lifetime of bulk metal electrodes, with the miniaturization and mechanical flexibility of thin-film polymer microelectrode arrays. 10 mu m thick platinum discs were laser cut from a foil into the shape of individual electrodes, and coated with gold on the backside. The discs were bonded to a microelectrode array with gold bond pads via gold-gold inter-diffusion using a flipchip bonder. Electrode bonding and adhesion was characterized using mechanical shear testing and electrical testing. Electrode performance was characterized in vitro using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Biphasic electrical pulsing experiments were conducted on the bonded electrodes to study degradation of the electrode; the preliminary results show that the electrodes can withstand at least 4,900 million pulses with no adverse electrochemical or visual degradation. Overall, this is a promising new method for fabricating chronic neural electrodes for stimulation or recording that combines the reliability of commercial bulk electrodes with the miniaturization and versatility of microfabricated technologies. C1 [Shah, Kedar G.; Lee, Kye Young; Tolosa, Vanessa; Tooker, Angela; Felix, Sarah; Pannu, Satinderpall] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shah, KG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kshah@llnl.gov; lee1026@llnl.gov; tolosa1@llnl.gov; tooker1@llnl.gov; felix5@llnl.gov; pannu1@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-7929-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2014 BP 446 EP 449 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1EL UT WOS:000350044700111 ER PT S AU Thomas, M Marshall, MJ Miller, EA Kuprat, AP Dam, KKV Carson, JP AF Thomas, Mathew Marshall, Matthew J. Miller, Erin A. Kuprat, Andrew P. Dam, Kerstin Kleese-van Carson, James P. GP IEEE TI 3D Imaging of Microbial Biofilms: Integration of Synchrotron Imaging and an Interactive Visualization Interface SO 2014 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC) CY AUG 26-30, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Engn Medicine & Biol Soc ID PLATFORM; IMAGEJ AB Understanding the structure of microbial biofilms and other complex microbial communities is now possible through x-ray microtomography imaging. Feature detection and image processing for this type of data focuses on efficiently identifying and segmenting biofilm biomass in the datasets. These datasets are very large and segmentation often requires manual interventions due to low contrast between objects and high noise levels. New software is required for the effectual interpretation and analysis of such data. This work specifies the evolution and ability to analyze and visualize high resolution x-ray microtomography datasets. Major functionalities include read/write with multiple popular file formats, down-sampling large datasets to generate quick-views on low-power computers, image processing, and generating high quality output images and videos. These capabilities have been wrapped into a new interactive software toolkit, BiofilmViewer. A major focus of our work is to facilitate data transfer and to utilize the capabilities of existing powerful visualization and analytical tools including MATLAB, ImageJ, Paraview, Chimera, Vaa3D, Cell Profiler, Icy, BioImageXD, and Drishti. C1 [Thomas, Mathew; Marshall, Matthew J.; Miller, Erin A.; Kuprat, Andrew P.; Dam, Kerstin Kleese-van; Carson, James P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thomas, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mathew.thomas@pnnl.gov; matthew.marshall@pnnl.gov; erin.miller@pnnl.gov; andrew.kuprat@pnnl.gov; kerstin.kleesevandam@pnnl.gov; jcarson@tacc.utexas.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-7929-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2014 BP 3304 EP 3307 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1EL UT WOS:000350044703074 ER PT S AU Shah, KG Lee, KY Tolosa, V Tooker, A Felix, S Benett, W Pannu, S AF Shah, Kedar G. Lee, Kye Young Tolosa, Vanessa Tooker, Angela Felix, Sarah Benett, William Pannu, Satinderpall GP IEEE TI Chronic, Percutaneous Connector for Electrical Recording and Stimulation with Microelectrode Arrays SO 2014 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC) CY AUG 26-30, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Engn Medicine & Biol Soc AB The translation of advances in neural stimulation and recording research into clinical practice hinges on the ability to perform chronic experiments in awake and behaving animal models. Advances in microelectrode array technology, most notably flexible polymer arrays, have significantly improved reliability of the neural interface. However, electrical connector technology has lagged and is prone to failure from non-biocompatibility, large size, contamination, corrosion, and difficulty of use. We present a novel chronic, percutaneous electrical connector system that is suitable for neural stimulation and recording. This system features biocompatible materials, low connect and disconnect forces, passive alignment, and a protective cap during non-use. We have successfully designed, assembled, and tested in vitro both a 16-channel system and a high density 64-channel system. Custom, polyimide, 16-channel, microelectrode arrays were electrically assembled with the connector system and tested using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This connector system is versatile and can be used with a variety of microelectrode array technologies for chronic studies. C1 [Shah, Kedar G.; Lee, Kye Young; Tolosa, Vanessa; Tooker, Angela; Felix, Sarah; Benett, William; Pannu, Satinderpall] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shah, KG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kshah@llnl.gov; lee1026@llnl.gov; tolosa1@llnl.gov; tooker1@llnl.gov; felix5@llnl.gov; benett1@llnl.gov; pannu1@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-7929-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2014 BP 5240 EP 5243 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1EL UT WOS:000350044705059 ER PT S AU Bouchard, KE Chang, EF AF Bouchard, Kristofer E. Chang, Edward F. GP IEEE TI Neural decoding of spoken vowels from human sensory-motor cortex with high-density electrocorticography SO 2014 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC) CY AUG 26-30, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Engn Medicine & Biol Soc ID HUMAN SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX AB We present the first demonstration of single-trial neural decoding of vowel acoustic features during speech production with high performance. The ability to predict trial-by-trial fluctuations in speech production was facilitated by using high-density, large-area electrocorticography (ECoG) combined with an adaptive principal components regression. In experiments from two human neurosurgical patients with a high-density 256-channel ECoG grid implanted over speech cortices, we demonstrate that as much as 81% of the acoustic variability across vowels could be accurately predicted from the spatial patterns of neural activity during speech production. These results demonstrate continuous, single-trial decoding of vowel acoustics. C1 [Bouchard, Kristofer E.; Chang, Edward F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Bouchard, Kristofer E.; Chang, Edward F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bouchard, Kristofer E.; Chang, Edward F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Integrat Neurosci, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bouchard, Kristofer E.; Chang, Edward F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Neural Engn & Prostheses, San Francisco, CA USA. [Bouchard, Kristofer E.; Chang, Edward F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bouchard, Kristofer E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Edward F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Epilepsy Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Bouchard, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-7929-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2014 BP 6782 EP 6785 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1EL UT WOS:000350044706188 ER PT S AU Tooker, A Liu, D Anderson, EB Felix, S Shah, KG Lee, KY Chung, JE Pannu, S Frank, L Tolosa, V AF Tooker, Angela Liu, Daniel Anderson, Emily B. Felix, Sarah Shah, Kedar G. Lee, Kye Young Chung, Jason E. Pannu, Satinderpall Frank, Loren Tolosa, Vanessa GP IEEE TI Towards a Large-Scale Recording System: Demonstration of Polymer-Based Penetrating Array for Chronic Neural Recording SO 2014 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC) SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC) CY AUG 26-30, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE Engn Medicine & Biol Soc ID SILICON MICROELECTRODE ARRAYS; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; BRAIN-TISSUE; ELECTRODE AB The brain is a massively interconnected network of specialized circuits. Even primary sensory areas, once thought to support relatively simple, feed-forward processing, are now known to be parts of complex feedback circuits. All brain functions depend on millisecond timescale interactions across these brain networks. Current approaches cannot measure or manipulate such large-scale interactions. Here we demonstrate that polymer-based, penetrating, micro-electrode arrays can provide high quality neural recordings from awake, behaving animals over periods of months. Our results indicate that polymer electrodes are a viable substrate for the development of systems that can record from thousands of channels across months to years. This is our first step towards developing a 1000+ electrode system capable of providing high-quality, long-term neural recordings. C1 [Tooker, Angela; Felix, Sarah; Shah, Kedar G.; Lee, Kye Young; Pannu, Satinderpall; Tolosa, Vanessa] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nanotechnol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Liu, Daniel] Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Ctr Integrat Neurosci, UCSF UCB Bioengn Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Anderson, Emily B.; Chung, Jason E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Ctr Integrat Neurosci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Frank, Loren] Univ Calif San Francisco, UCSF Ctr Integrat Neurosci, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tooker, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nanotechnol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tooker1@llnl.gov; Daniel.Liu@ucsf.edu; emily@phy.ucsf.edu; felix5@llnl.gov; shah22@llnl.gov; lee1026@llnl.gov; Jason.Chung@uscf.edu; pannu1@llnl.gov; loren@phy.ucsf.edu; tolosa1@llnl.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-7929-0 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2014 BP 6830 EP 6833 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1EL UT WOS:000350044706200 ER PT S AU Li, Y Gao, WZ Muljadi, E Jiang, JC AF Li, Yan Gao, Wenzhong Muljadi, Eduard Jiang, Jiuchun GP IEEE TI Novel Approach for Calculation and Analysis of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors in Microgrids SO 2014 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (PSC) SE Clemson University Power Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clemson-University Power Systems Conference (PSC) CY MAR 11-14, 2014 CL Clemson, SC SP Clemson Univ DE Matrix perturbation; microgrids; distributed energy resources; eigenvalue; eigenvector ID DISTRIBUTED GENERATION; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; POWER AB The calculation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors plays an important role in the stability analysis and optimal design of microgrids with multiple distributed energy resources. Microgrid systems are usually operated in various uncertain conditions. In this paper, a novel approach based on matrix perturbation theory is proposed for the calculation and analysis of eigenvalues and eigenvectors in a microgrid system. Rigorous theoretical analysis to solve eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors for a system under various perturbations caused by fluctuations of irradiance, wind speed, or loads is presented. A computational flowchart is then proposed for the unified solution of eigenvalues and eigenvectors in microgrids, aimed toward obtaining eigenvalues and eigenvectors intuitively under different perturbations, which makes repeatedly solving an eigenvalue problem unnecessary. Finally, the effectiveness of the matrix perturbation-based approach in microgrids is verified by numerical examples on a typical low-voltage microgrid network. C1 [Li, Yan; Gao, Wenzhong] Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Li, Yan; Jiang, Jiuchun] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM yanli2013power@gmail.com; Wenzhong.Gao@du.edu; eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov; jcjiang@bjtu.edu.cn NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2469-8830 BN 978-1-4799-3960-2 J9 CLEM UNIV POWER SYST PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC3UP UT WOS:000352000600031 ER PT S AU Snyder, AF Rankin, B Snyder, IB Swain, T AF Snyder, Aaron F. Rankin, Ben Snyder, Isabelle B. Swain, Tom GP IEEE TI The Realities of Testing Meter Firmware Upgradeability SO 2014 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (PSC) SE Clemson University Power Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clemson-University Power Systems Conference (PSC) CY MAR 11-14, 2014 CL Clemson, SC SP Clemson Univ DE Authentication; Communication system security; Standards; System testing; Watthour meters AB One of the critical issues facing electric utilities and their regulators is the need to ensure that technologies or solutions that are selected by those utilities will be interoperable. Further, many utilities want to ensure that the systems they select will allow for evolution and growth as Smart Grid standards evolve. To manage change in a dynamically growing Smart Grid, it is essential to be able to remotely upgrade firmware, such as that found in meters, without replacing the equipment or manually performing this in the field. Remote image download capability will permit certain characteristics of the meter to be substantially altered on an as-needed basis. This discusses the challenges involved in the standard-to-testing lifecycle, including the development of a set of requirements, constructing a testing framework based on those requirements, performance of the tests with vendor support, and evaluation of the test results versus expectations, as well as subsequent recommendations. C1 [Snyder, Aaron F.; Rankin, Ben] EnerNex LLC, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Snyder, Isabelle B.; Swain, Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Snyder, AF (reprint author), EnerNex LLC, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM aaron@enernex.com; snyderib@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2469-8830 BN 978-1-4799-3960-2 J9 CLEM UNIV POWER SYST PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC3UP UT WOS:000352000600044 ER PT S AU Snyder, I Smith, T AF Snyder, Isabelle Smith, Travis GP IEEE TI Frequency Measurement Methods and Impact in Presence of Frequency Responsive Loads and Distributed Energy Resources SO 2014 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (PSC) SE Clemson University Power Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clemson-University Power Systems Conference (PSC) CY MAR 11-14, 2014 CL Clemson, SC SP Clemson Univ DE Frequency response; Relays; Load management; Power systems dynamic AB Frequency monitoring on the power system is used to balance load and generation, as load increases the frequency value decrease and as generation increases the frequency values increases. Under normal operation the frequency is maintained between 59.98Hz and 60.02Hz in a 60Hz system. Today the balance between load and generation is achieved by controlling generation only [1]. However, as more load control is being introduced to the power system, using the frequency value to turn on and off frequency responsive loads present a mechanism to provide regulation as well [2]. This method relies on local frequency measurement and local trigger set point. This paper illustrates the impact of frequency measurement on frequency responsive load application and on protection devices in presence of distributed generation. C1 [Snyder, Isabelle; Smith, Travis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Snyder, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM snyderib@ornl.gov; smithtm@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2469-8830 BN 978-1-4799-3960-2 J9 CLEM UNIV POWER SYST PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC3UP UT WOS:000352000600019 ER PT S AU Snyder, IB Strickland, G Snyder, AF AF Snyder, Isabelle B. Strickland, Greg Snyder, Aaron F. GP IEEE TI Temperature Rise Standards Tests Differences and Performance Assessment for Electricity Meter and Meter Socket Interface SO 2014 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (PSC) SE Clemson University Power Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clemson-University Power Systems Conference (PSC) CY MAR 11-14, 2014 CL Clemson, SC SP Clemson Univ DE ANSI Standards; Code Standards; Socket; Temperature Measurement; Watthour Meters AB A committed group of utilities, equipment vendors, and other stakeholders working under the auspices of ANSI with the "TRINIWOG" (Temperature Rise and Interface Issues Working Group) name have been investigating temperature rise issues related to the electricity meter/ meter socket interface. These issues appear to be derived from the differences in tests between the governing standards, which lead to conflict instead of clear guidance. The devices operate as a system, but are not type tested as a system with the only major common element being the "standard jumper bar". C1 [Snyder, Isabelle B.; Strickland, Greg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Snyder, Aaron F.] EnerNex LLC, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Snyder, IB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM snyderib@ornl.gov; aaron@enernex.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2469-8830 BN 978-1-4799-3960-2 J9 CLEM UNIV POWER SYST PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC3UP UT WOS:000352000600042 ER PT J AU Badosa, J Wood, J Blanc, P Long, CN Vuilleumier, L Demengel, D Haeffelin, M AF Badosa, J. Wood, J. Blanc, P. Long, C. N. Vuilleumier, L. Demengel, D. Haeffelin, M. TI Solar irradiances measured using SPN1 radiometers: uncertainties and clues for development SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB The fast development of solar radiation and energy applications, such as photovoltaic and solar thermodynamic systems, has increased the need for solar radiation measurement and monitoring, for not only the global but also the diffuse and direct components. End users look for the best compromise between getting close to state-of-the-art measurements and keeping low capital, maintenance and operating costs. Among the existing commercial options, SPN1 is a relatively low cost solar radiometer that estimates global and diffuse solar irradiances from seven thermopile sensors under a shading mask and without moving parts. This work presents a comprehensive study of SPN1 accuracy and sources of uncertainty, drawing on laboratory experiments, numerical modelling and comparison studies between measurements from this sensor and state-of-the art instruments for six diverse sites. Several clues are provided for improving the SPN1 accuracy and agreement with state-of-the art measurements. C1 [Badosa, J.] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France. [Wood, J.] Peak Design, Winster, England. [Blanc, P.] PSL Res Univ, MINES ParisTech, OIE Ctr Observat Impacts Energie, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Long, C. N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Vuilleumier, L.] Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland. [Demengel, D.] EDF R&D CEREA, Chatou, France. [Haeffelin, M.] IPSL, Palaiseau, France. RP Badosa, J (reprint author), Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France. EM jordi.badosa@lmd.polytechnique.fr OI Vuilleumier, Laurent/0000-0003-0222-2566 FU ADEME; EDF RD; ENPC; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; NREL's Solar Radiation Research Laboratory; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Systems Research Program FX This work was partly undertaken under the frame of the PEGASE project with the support of ADEME, EDF R&D, ENPC, Ecole Polytechnique, and CNRS. We would like to acknowledge CEREA-EDF for providing the surface solar irradiance measurements at Roseraye and the SPN1 device at Palaiseau used in this study. We also acknowledge the contribution of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division for the Addu Atol data, and NREL's Solar Radiation Research Laboratory for the Golden data. Likewise, the Payerne Baseline Surface Radiation Network station made available the data from the COST ES1002 WIRE DNI radiometer performance evaluation. Dr Long acknowledges support from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Systems Research Program. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 BP 4267 EP 4283 DI 10.5194/amt-7-4267-2014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF1GA UT WOS:000352290900003 ER PT S AU Shui, J Okasinski, J Kenesei, P Almer, J Liu, DJ AF Shui, J. Okasinski, J. Kenesei, P. Almer, J. Liu, D. -J. BE Johnson, CS Veith, G Mukerjee, S TI Holistic View on Chemical Processes in Li-O-2 Battery from Operando Spatiotemporal Study SO BATTERY CHEMISTRIES BEYOND LITHIUM ION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Battery Chemistries Beyond Lithium Ion held during the 224th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div ID LITHIUM-OXYGEN BATTERY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTROLYTES AB Li-O-2 battery has drawn an increasing interests due to its potential for the future energy storage in transportation application. At present, the understanding on the electrochemical processes at individual region (anode, cathode and separator) and their interdependence are still limited due to convoluted reactions. In this report, we will discuss our recent spatiotemporal investigation on the operating Li-O-2 batteries under the cycling condition using the most representative design and materials in the field. We were able not only to reveal individually the changes at anode, cathode and separator, but also to assemble these data under the same discharge-charge time domain. Such information provides a holistic view of the chemical processes at different regions and their interdependence inside of a working battery. C1 [Shui, J.; Liu, D. -J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Okasinski, J.; Kenesei, P.; Almer, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shui, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM djliu@anl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-490-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1149/05812.0003ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC3TB UT WOS:000351924900001 ER PT S AU Baggetto, L Carroll, KJ Unocic, RR Bridges, CA Meng, YS Veith, GM AF Baggetto, Loic Carroll, Kyler J. Unocic, Raymond R. Bridges, Craig A. Meng, Ying Shirley Veith, Gabriel M. BE Johnson, CS Veith, G Mukerjee, S TI Sodium Manganese Oxide Thin Films as Cathodes for Na-Ion Batteries SO BATTERY CHEMISTRIES BEYOND LITHIUM ION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Battery Chemistries Beyond Lithium Ion held during the 224th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div ID ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERCALATION; IFEFFIT; BRONZES AB This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of sodium manganese oxide cathode thin films for rechargeable Na-ion batteries. Layered oxide compounds of nominal compositions Na0.6MnO2 and Na1.0MnO2 have been prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering and post-annealing at high temperatures under various conditions. The Na0.6MnO2 thin films possess either a hexagonal or orthorhombic structure while the Na1.0MnO2 films crystallize in a monoclinic structure, as shown by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy results. The potential profiles of the film cathodes are characterized by features similar to those measured for the powders and exhibit reversible storage capacities in the range of 50-60 mu Ah cm(-2) mu m(-1), which correspond to about 120-140 mAh g(-1), and are maintained over 80 cycles. C1 [Baggetto, Loic; Unocic, Raymond R.; Veith, Gabriel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Carroll, Kyler J.; Meng, Ying Shirley] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept NanoEngn, La Jolla, CA 92109 USA. [Bridges, Craig A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baggetto, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Baggetto, Loic/D-5542-2017; OI Baggetto, Loic/0000-0002-9029-2363; Unocic, Raymond/0000-0002-1777-8228 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-490-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 58 IS 12 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1149/05812.0047ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC3TB UT WOS:000351924900006 ER PT S AU Zhou, DH Slater, M Kim, D Lee, E Jorne, J Johnson, C AF Zhou, Dehua Slater, Michael Kim, Donghan Lee, Eungje Jorne, Jacob Johnson, Christopher BE Johnson, CS Veith, G Mukerjee, S TI SnSb Carbon Composite Anode in a SnSb_C/NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2 Na-ion Battery SO BATTERY CHEMISTRIES BEYOND LITHIUM ION SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Battery Chemistries Beyond Lithium Ion held during the 224th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div AB Tin and antimony metals were high-energy ball-milled with carbon in order to create a SnSb_C alloy carbon composite worthy of cycling as a high-capacity 500 mAh/g anode in a full cell Na-ion battery. In the cell, coupled with a cathode consisting of a layered transition metal oxide cathode NaNi1/3Mn1/3Fe1/3O2, was cycled for over fifty cycles with near 100% coulombic efficiency, yielding a resultant gravimetric energy density of 145 Wh/kg (based on electrode material only), and an even better volumetric energy density of 215 Wh/L due to the high density inherent in the SnSb_C anode. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements indicate a progressive amorphization of the SnSb during sodiation without any observable binary sodium-tin or sodium-antimony alloy phase formation. The electrochemically active amorphous phase remains present during desodiation. C1 [Zhou, Dehua; Jorne, Jacob] Univ Rochester, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Zhou, Dehua; Slater, Michael; Kim, Donghan; Lee, Eungje; Johnson, Christopher] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhou, DH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Chem Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-490-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 58 IS 12 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1149/05812.0059ecst PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC3TB UT WOS:000351924900007 ER PT S AU Rae, C Vorontsov, V Kovarik, L Mills, M AF Rae, Catherine Vorontsov, Vassili Kovarik, Libor Mills, Michael BE Guedou, JY Chone, J TI Dislocations in a Ni-based superalloy during low temperature creep SO EUROSUPERALLOYS 2014 - 2ND EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON SUPERALLOYS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE MATEC Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Symposium on Superalloys and their Applications CY MAY 12-16, 2014 CL Giens, FRANCE ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS; CMSX-4; 750-DEGREES-C; MECHANISM; ALLOYS AB The nature and variety of the dislocations passing through the two-phase gamma gamma' microstructure of Ni-based superalloys is key to the properties of these materials. The chemistry, size and arrangement of the precipitates greatly affects the nature of these dislocations. We present High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) TEM observations of the structure of dislocations entering, passing through the gamma' precipitates in the singlecrystal superalloy CMSX-4 (R) R. The creep deformation of the sample was interrupted after 8 hours at 750 degrees C and 750MPa, a critical stage just as secondary creep was being established, and shows a range of defects in both phases, not always those predicted by the Schmid factor for the deformation geometry. We show that dislocations lodged in the gamma gamma' interfaces have a significant effect on the structure of the interface and that they combine to produce stacking faults which cut through the gamma'. The implications of these observations for secondary creep deformation are discussed. C1 [Rae, Catherine] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Vorontsov, Vassili] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Kovarik, Libor] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mills, Michael] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Rae, C (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RI Vorontsov, Vassili/A-8837-2010 OI Vorontsov, Vassili/0000-0002-1958-0602 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2261-236X J9 MATEC WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 14 AR 01006 DI 10.1051/matecconf/20141401006 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BC3TF UT WOS:000351930400006 ER PT S AU Suzuki, A Gao, Y Lipkin, D Singhal, A Krug, M Konitzer, D Almer, J Pollock, T Bewlay, B AF Suzuki, Akane Gao, Yan Lipkin, Don Singhal, Anjali Krug, Matthew Konitzer, Douglas Almer, Jonathan Pollock, Tresa Bewlay, Bernard BE Guedou, JY Chone, J TI Oxide-assisted crack growth in hold-time low-cycle-fatigue of single-crystal superalloys SO EUROSUPERALLOYS 2014 - 2ND EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON SUPERALLOYS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS SE MATEC Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Symposium on Superalloys and their Applications CY MAY 12-16, 2014 CL Giens, FRANCE ID TEMPERATURE; COATINGS; CERAMICS; STRAINS; ALUMINA; CREEP AB Compressive hold-time low-cycle fatigue is one of the important damage modes in Ni-based superalloy hot-gas path components. In strain controlled LCF, the compressive hold typically degrades fatigue life significantly due to creep relaxation and the resultant generation of tensile stress upon returning to zero strain. Crack initiation typically occurs on the surface, and therefore, the cracks are covered with layers of oxides. Recent finite element modeling based on experimental observations has indicated that the in-plane compressive stress in the alumina layer formed on the surface of the bond coat assists rumpling and, eventually, leads to initiation of cracks. The stress in the oxide layer continues to assist crack extension by pushing the alumina layer along the crack front during the compressive hold. In-situ measurements of the growth strains of alumina were performed using high energy synchrotron X-rays at Argonne National Lab. Specimens of single-crystal superalloys with and without aluminide coatings were statically pre-oxidized to form a layer of alumina at 1093 and 982 degrees C. For the in-situ synchrotron measurements, the specimens were heated up to the pre-oxidation temperatures with a heater. The alumina layers on both bare and coated specimens show compressive in-plane strains at both temperatures. The oxide strains on the superalloys showed dependency on temperature; on the other hand, the oxide strains in the aluminide coatings were insensitive to temperature. The magnitude of the compressive strains was larger on the superalloys than the ones on the aluminide coatings. C1 [Suzuki, Akane; Gao, Yan; Lipkin, Don; Singhal, Anjali; Bewlay, Bernard] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Krug, Matthew; Konitzer, Douglas] GE Aviat, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL USA. [Pollock, Tresa] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Suzuki, A (reprint author), GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM suzukia@ge.com NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2261-236X J9 MATEC WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 14 AR 04004 DI 10.1051/matecconf/20141404004 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BC3TF UT WOS:000351930400013 ER PT S AU Kohl, M AF Kohl, Michael CA MUSE Collaboration BE Wronska, A Guaraldo, C Magiera, A Stroher, H TI The Muon Scattering Experiment (MUSE) at PSI and the proton radius puzzle SO MESON 2014 - 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Production, Properties and Interaction of Mesons (MESON) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2014 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, INFN-LNF, IFJ-PAN, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, EU Project Hardon Phys 3, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Marian Smoluchowski Cracow Sci Consortium, Municipal, European Phys Journal ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; LAMB SHIFT; POLARIZABILITY CONTRIBUTION; HYDROGEN AB The unexplained large discrepancy of the proton charge radius measurements with muonic hydrogen Lamb shift and determinations from elastic electron scattering and Lamb shift in regular hydrogen of seven standard deviations is known as the proton radius puzzle. Suggested solutions of the puzzle range from possible errors in the experiments through unexpectedly large hadronic physics effects to new physics beyond the Standard Model. A new approach to verify the radius discrepancy in a systematic manner will be pursued with the Muon Scattering Experiment (MUSE) at PSI. The experiment aims to compare elastic cross sections, the proton elastic form factors, and the extracted proton charge radius with scattering of electrons and muons of either charge and under identical conditions. The difference in the observed radius will be probed with a high precision to verify the discrepancy. An overview of the experiment and the current status will be presented. C1 [Kohl, Michael] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Kohl, Michael] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kohl, M (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM kohlm@jlab.org NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 81 AR 02008 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20148102008 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BC2XP UT WOS:000351440900034 ER PT S AU Kohl, M AF Kohl, Michael CA OLYMPUS Collaboration BE Wronska, A Guaraldo, C Magiera, A Stroher, H TI EM Form Factors and OLYMPUS SO MESON 2014 - 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Production, Properties and Interaction of Mesons (MESON) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2014 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, INFN-LNF, IFJ-PAN, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, EU Project Hardon Phys 3, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Marian Smoluchowski Cracow Sci Consortium, Municipal, European Phys Journal ID ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING; SQUARED 4-MOMENTUM TRANSFERS; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; RATIO; (GEV/C)(2); POSITRONS; DEUTERON AB The elastic form factors of the nucleon characterize the distributions of charge and magnetization in momentum space and are important input for calculations of strong interaction phenomena and nuclear structure. The dramatic discrepancy in the observed ratio of elastic proton form factors between the Rosenbluth separation and polarization transfer methods has invoked numerous theoretical and experimental investigations. The previously neglected effect from two-photon exchange has become the favored explanation for the discrepancy. While the effect can not be calculated from first principles, it can be verified experimentally in several ways, most stringently by comparing the positronproton and electron-proton elastic cross sections. The OLYMPUS experiment at DESY has been carried out to quantify the effect of two-photon exchange using intense stored positron and electron beams along with an internal unpolarized hydrogen target and a large acceptance detector to measure the ratio of the positron-proton and electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections. The status of proton form factor measurements and of the experimental efforts to verify the effect of two-photon exchange is presented, with some emphasis on the OLYMPUS experiment. C1 [Kohl, Michael] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Kohl, Michael] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kohl, M (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. EM kohlm@jlab.org NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 81 AR 01006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20148101006 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BC2XP UT WOS:000351440900006 ER PT S AU Leontsinis, S AF Leontsinis, Stefanos CA ATLAS Collaboration BE Wronska, A Guaraldo, C Magiera, A Stroher, H TI First measurement of associated vector boson plus prompt charmonium production at the ATLAS experiment SO MESON 2014 - 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Production, Properties and Interaction of Mesons (MESON) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2014 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, INFN-LNF, IFJ-PAN, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, EU Project Hardon Phys 3, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Marian Smoluchowski Cracow Sci Consortium, Municipal, European Phys Journal AB We present evidence of associated vector boson + prompt J/psi production and measure its production rate. This is a key observable to the understanding of quarkonium production mechanisms. We estimate the relative contributions to the signal from single and double parton scattering and discuss possible implications of this novel final state for study of multiple parton interactions. Single parton scattering cross-sections are compared to cutting-edge theoretical calculations in the colour singlet and colour octet formalisms. C1 [Leontsinis, Stefanos] Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-10682 Athens, Greece. [Leontsinis, Stefanos] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Leontsinis, S (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-10682 Athens, Greece. EM Stefanos.Leontsinis@cern.ch NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 81 AR 04008 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20148104008 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BC2XP UT WOS:000351440900066 ER PT S AU Zurek, M Albrow, M AF Zurek, Maria Albrow, Michael CA CDF Collaboration BE Wronska, A Guaraldo, C Magiera, A Stroher, H TI Central Exclusive pi(+)pi(-) Production in p(p)over-bar Collisions at root s=0.9 and 1.96 TeV at the Tevatron SO MESON 2014 - 13TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION, PROPERTIES AND INTERACTION OF MESONS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Production, Properties and Interaction of Mesons (MESON) CY MAY 29-JUN 03, 2014 CL Cracow, POLAND SP Jagiellonian Univ, Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, INFN-LNF, IFJ-PAN, Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, EU Project Hardon Phys 3, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Natl Instruments, Marian Smoluchowski Cracow Sci Consortium, Municipal, European Phys Journal AB Exclusive pi(+)pi(-) production in proton-antiproton collisions at root s = 0.9 and 1.96 TeV in the Collider Detector at Fermilab has been measured. We selected events with exactly two particles with oposite charge, in vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.3, with no other particles detected in vertical bar eta vertical bar < 5.9. We require the central pi(+)pi(-) to have rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 1. Since these events are dominated by double pomeron exchange, the quantum numbers of the central state are constrained. The data show resonance structures attributed to the f(0) and f(2) mesons. C1 [Zurek, Maria] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Zurek, Maria] Univ Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Albrow, Michael] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zurek, M (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM m.zurek@fz-juelich.de OI Zurek, Maria/0000-0003-4201-4921 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 81 AR 04013 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20148104013 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BC2XP UT WOS:000351440900071 ER PT J AU Jungmeier, G Van Ree, R de Jong, E Stichnothe, H de Bari, I Jorgensen, H Wellisch, M Walsh, P Garnier, G Spaeth, J Torr, K Habu, K AF Jungmeier, G. Van Ree, R. de Jong, E. Stichnothe, H. de Bari, I. Jorgensen, H. Wellisch, M. Walsh, P. Garnier, G. Spaeth, J. Torr, K. Habu, K. BE Hoffman, C Baxter, D Maniatis, K Grassi, A Helm, P TI FACTS, FIGURES AND INTEGRATION OF BIOREFINERIES IN A FUTURE BIOECONOMY - FINDINGS IN IEA BIOENERGY TASK 42 "BIOREFINING" SO PAPERS OF THE 22ND EUROPEAN BIOMASS CONFERENCE: SETTING THE COURSE FOR A BIOBASED ECONOMY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd European International Biomass Conference - Setting the Course for a Biobased Economy CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Hamburg, GERMANY DE biorefinery; biorefining; industry integration; sustainability; biofuels; biomaterials; biochemicals AB A key driver for the necessary sustainable development is the implementation of the BioEconomy, which is based on renewable resources to satisfy its energy and material demand of our society. The broad spectrum of biomass resources offers great opportunities for a comprehensive product portfolio to satisfy the different needs of a BioEconomy. The concept of biorefining guarantees the resource and energy efficient use of biomass resources. The IEA Bioenergy Task 42 "Biorefining" has the following definition on biorefinery: "Biorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, and materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat)". Currently many different biorefinery concepts are developed and already implemented which play a key role in establishing a BioEconomy. The purpose of the work is to provide facts and figures on different biorefinery systems and their efficient integration in existing industrial infrastructure. This information assists industry, decision makers and investors in their strategies to invest and integrate resource efficient biomass uses in the infrastructure of a future BioEconomy. Based on the activities of the 11 participating countries (A, AUS, CA, DK, FR, G, I, J, NL, US) the IEA Task 42 identified and assessed the current status and development potential of " energy-driven" biorefineries and "product-driven" biorefineries. The 14 most interesting "energy-driven" biorefinery concepts until 2025 and their value chains, including the integration and deployment options in industrial infrastructures, are analyzed. Based on the developed "Biorefinery Fact Sheet" for the most relevant biorefineries the sustainable and efficient integration of biorefineries in existing and future infrastructure is examined. The possible role of biorefineries in a BioEconomy is analyzed in a regional, national and international context. The classification and description of existing infrastructure in combination with the available biomass resources and (future) market needs shows the matching points for a resource efficient roll out of the BioEconomy by implementing various biorefineries. Examples for identified "hot spots" by coproducing high value products like food, feed, biochemicals and biomaterials are: 1) pulp&paper and wood industry to additionally produce transportation biofuels and biochemicals; 2) food&feed industry to additionally produce bioenergy carriers, 2) chemical industry to integrate biogenic resources to produce biobased chemicals. The results assist various stakeholders in finding their position on biorefining in a future biobased economy while minimizing unexpected technical, economic and financial risks. C1 [Jungmeier, G.] Joanneum Res, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Van Ree, R.] WUR, Wageningen, Netherlands. [de Jong, E.] Avantium Chem BV, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stichnothe, H.] vTI, Braunschweig, Germany. [de Bari, I.] ENEA CR, Rome, Italy. [Jorgensen, H.] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wellisch, M.] Agr & Rural Dev, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Walsh, P.] Natl Univ Ireland, Energy Res Grp, Dublin, Ireland. [Spaeth, J.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Jungmeier, G (reprint author), Joanneum Res, Elisabethstr 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM gerfried.jungmeier@joanneum.at NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ETA-FLORENCE PI FLORENCE PA PIAZZA SAVONAROLA 10, I-50132 FLORENCE, ITALY PY 2014 BP 1480 EP 1485 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC2LG UT WOS:000351053500257 ER PT S AU Saha, D Zacharia, R Naskar, AK AF Saha, Dipendu Zacharia, Renju Naskar, Amit K. BE Naskar, AK Hoffman, WP TI Soft-Templated Mesoporous Carbons: Chemistry and Structural Characteristics SO POLYMER PRECURSOR-DERIVED CARBON SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Precursor-Derived Carbon / Spring American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Polymer Chem Inc ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PPO-PEO-PPO; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POROUS CARBON; ADSORPTION PROPERTIES; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; ACTIVATED CARBONS; PHENOLIC RESIN AB Soft-templated mesoporous carbon is a relatively newer variety of synthetic nanoporous carbon. This type of carbon is templated by the micellar actions of amphiphilic surfactants with the phenolic type of carbon precursors. The role of surfactants is similar to that of silica in the case of hard-templating, i.e., to dictate the structural characteristics and mesoporosity of the carbons. A wide variety of amphiphilic surfactants along with synthetic and natural precursors were employed for use as a carbon source. Despite being termed as mesoporous carbon, these materials usually contain a large fraction of micropore distribution which is clearly observed in the type IV nature of nitrogen adsorption-desorption plot. Because of the unique mesopore feature of such carbon, it has found wide application in several unique fields of science and technology. This particular review briefly discusses the synthesis protocols of mesoporous carbons, including the types of carbon precursors and surfactants along with their critical role in dictating the structural characteristics. It also introduces the role of physical and chemical activation in enhancing the porosity and the key structural features of soft-templated mesoporous carbons. (C) 2014 American Chemical Society C1 [Saha, Dipendu] Widener Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chester, PA 19013 USA. [Zacharia, Renju] Univ Quebec Trois Rivieres, Inst Rech Hydrogene, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. [Naskar, Amit K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37821 USA. RP Saha, D (reprint author), Widener Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Once Univ Pl, Chester, PA 19013 USA. EM dipendus@gmail.com RI Zacharia, Renju/M-3527-2015 OI Zacharia, Renju/0000-0002-8485-5676 NR 98 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2966-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1173 BP 61 EP 83 PG 23 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BC3SG UT WOS:000351888700004 ER PT S AU Chatterjee, S Saito, T AF Chatterjee, Sabornie Saito, Tomonori BE Naskar, AK Hoffman, WP TI Solvent Fractionation of Lignin SO POLYMER PRECURSOR-DERIVED CARBON SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Precursor-Derived Carbon / Spring American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Polymer Chem Inc ID CARBON-FIBER; ORGANOSOLV LIGNINS; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; ALCELL(R) LIGNIN; KRAFT LIGNIN; EXTRACTION; VALORIZATION; HERBICIDE AB Lignin is a highly abundant source of renewable carbon that can be considered as a valuable sustainable source of biobased materials. The major issues for the commercial production of value added high performance lignin products are lignin's physical and chemical heterogenities. To overcome these problems, a variety of procedures have been developed to produce pure lignin suitable for high performace applications such as lignin-derived carbon materials. However, most of the isolation procedures affect lignin's properties and structure. In this chapter, a short review of the effect of solvent fractionation on lignin's properties and structure is presented. C1 [Chatterjee, Sabornie; Saito, Tomonori] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM saitot@ornl.gov RI Saito, Tomonori/M-1735-2016 OI Saito, Tomonori/0000-0002-4536-7530 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2966-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1173 BP 153 EP 168 PG 16 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BC3SG UT WOS:000351888700007 ER PT S AU Ozcan, S Vautard, F Naskar, AK AF Ozcan, Soydan Vautard, Frederic Naskar, Amit K. BE Naskar, AK Hoffman, WP TI Designing the Structure of Carbon Fibers for Optimal Mechanical Properties SO POLYMER PRECURSOR-DERIVED CARBON SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Precursor-Derived Carbon / Spring American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Polymer Chem Inc ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; POLYACRYLONITRILE FIBERS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MESOPHASE PITCH; C/C COMPOSITES; PAN; STABILIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The formulation of carbon structures from various polymer precursors is reviewed along with the resultant fiber properties. The final structures and end properties of the carbon fiber can differ significantly depending on both the precursor chemistry and the associated processing. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and mesophase pitch are the predominant precursors. PAN-based carbon fibers consist of nanocrystalline graphitic domains typically 1.5-5 nm in size surrounded by amorphous carbon. With PAN based carbon fibers, the skin-core structure plays a significant role in their mechanical properties and a more homogenous carbon fiber microstructure offers the possibility of a new set of tensile strength and elastic moduli. Pitch-based carbon fibers are 10-50 nm crystallites with the graphitic (002) planes mostly aligned parallel to the fiber axis. Here we show that microstructural defects distribution (0.1-200 nm) measured by small angle X-ray scattering are directly related to the tensile strength of carbon fibers. Ultimately a comprehensive understanding of carbon fiber structure, defects and processing science offers the opportunity to design carbon fiber microstructures with improved properties and from alternative precursor at reduced cost. C1 [Ozcan, Soydan; Vautard, Frederic; Naskar, Amit K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ozcan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM ozcans@ornl.gov OI Ozcan, Soydan/0000-0002-3825-4589 NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2966-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1173 BP 215 EP 232 PG 18 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BC3SG UT WOS:000351888700010 ER PT J AU Yang, JJ Han, LD Freeze, PB Chin, SM Hwang, HL AF Yang, Jianjiang Han, Lee D. Freeze, Phillip B. Chin, Shih-Miao Hwang, Ho-Ling TI Short-Term Freeway Speed Profiling Based on Longitudinal Spatiotemporal Dynamics SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID TRAFFIC FLOW PREDICTION; TIME-SERIES; VOLUME; NETWORK; MODELS AB Short-term traffic forecasting accuracy is related closely to the use of neighboring traffic information. Multivariate forecasting methods are becoming more popular because of their ability to capture both temporal and spatial evolvement in traffic. However, little attention has been given to quantify the effect of upstream and downstream traffic information, and the vast majority of published studies assume that the spatiotemporal relationship is specified in advance. Thus, the selection of surrounding traffic information as input parameters is somewhat arbitrary. To address that issue, this study investigated spatiotemporal relationships of speed series from consecutive segments under different traffic conditions by using the link speeds for nine segments extending over 12 mi on I-24 in Nashville, Tennessee. A prewhitened cross-correlation technique was proposed first to clarify the cross correlations between two speed series. The prewhitened cross-correlation function was performed on speed series for consecutive freeway segments for periods including the morning peak, midday off-peak, and evening peak. The analysis results showed that the correlations for consecutive segments were highly related to traffic conditions and that the effect of downstream traffic increased with the severity of congestion. Influences of upstream and downstream locations on current traffic were also found to be not symmetric in regard to the current site. The algorithm on properly choosing neighboring traffic information was proposed, and the lagged regression model with correctly identified input parameters (segments) outperformed others. C1 [Yang, Jianjiang; Han, Lee D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chin, Shih-Miao; Hwang, Ho-Ling] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Han, LD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 851 Neyland Dr,319 John D Tickle Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lhan@utk.edu FU Tennessee Department of Transportation; U.S. Department of Transportation-RITA University Transportation Centers program through the Southeastern Transportation Center at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville FX The study presented here was partially sponsored by a Tennessee Department of Transportation research grant. In addition, a team of graduate and undergraduate students including Stephanie Hargrove, Wei Lu, Hyeonsup Lim, Jun Liu, and Lauren Netherton contributed to this study. Many of these students were supported by the U.S. Department of Transportation-RITA University Transportation Centers program through the Southeastern Transportation Center at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2014 IS 2467 BP 62 EP 72 DI 10.3141/2467-07 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CE5QD UT WOS:000351889800007 ER PT S AU Zachos, CK AF Zachos, Cosmas K. BE Varro, S Adam, P Biro, TS Barnafoldi, GG Levai, P TI Deformation quantization Quantum mechanics lives and works in phase space SO WIGNER 111 - COLOURFUL & DEEP SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wigner 111 - Colourful & Deep Scientific Symposium CY NOV 11-13, 2013 CL Hungarian Acad Sci, Budapest, HUNGARY HO Hungarian Acad Sci AB Wigner's 1932 quasi-probability Distribution Function in phase-space, his first paper in English, is a special (Weyl) representation of the density matrix. It has been useful in describing quantum flows in semiclassical limits; quantum optics; nuclear and physics; decoherence (eg, quantum computing); quantum chaos; "Welcher Weg" puzzles; molecular Talbot-Lau interferometry; atomic measurements. It is further of great importance in signal processing (time-frequency analysis). Nevertheless, a remarkable aspect of its internal logic, pioneered by H. Groenewold and J. Moyal, has only blossomed in the last quarter-century: It furnishes a third, alternate, formulation of Quantum Mechanics, independent of the conventional Hilbert Space (the gold medal), or Path Integral (the silver medal) formulations, and perhaps more intuitive, since it shares language with classical mechanics: one need not choose sides between coordinate or momentum space variables, since it is formulated simultaneously in terms of position and momentum. This bronze medal formulation is logically complete and self-standing, and accommodates the uncertainty principle in an unexpected manner, so that it offers unique insights into the classical limit of quantum theory. The observables in this formulation are cnumber functions in phase space instead of operators, with the same interpretation as their classical counterparts, only now composed together in novel algebraic ways using star products. One might then envision an imaginary world in which this formulation of quantum mechanics had preceded the conventional Hilbert-space formulation, and its own techniques and methods had arisen independently, perhaps out of generalizations of classical mechanics and statistical mechanics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zachos, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zachos@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-1657-6 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 78 AR 02004 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20147802004 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BC3UI UT WOS:000351994900014 ER PT J AU Tsang, KV An, FP An, Q Bai, JZ Balantekin, AB Band, HR Beriguete, W Bishai, M Blyth, S Brown, RL Cao, GF Cao, J Carr, R Chan, WT Chang, JF Chang, Y Chasman, C Chen, HS Chen, HY Chen, SJ Chen, SM Chen, XC Chen, XH Chen, XS Chen, Y Chen, YX Cherwinka, JJ Chu, MC Cummings, JP Deng, ZY Ding, YY Diwan, MV Draeger, E Du, XF Dwyer, D Edwards, WR Ely, SR Fang, SD Fu, JY Fu, ZW Ge, LQ Gill, RL Gonchar, M Gong, GH Gong, H Gornushkin, YA Gu, WQ Guan, MY Guo, XH Hackenburg, RW Hahn, RL Hans, S Hao, HF He, M He, Q Heeger, KM Heng, YK Hinrichs, P Hor, YK Hsiung, YB Hu, BZ Hu, T Huang, HX Huang, HZ Huang, XT Huber, P Issakov, V Isvan, Z Jaffe, DE Jetter, S Ji, XL Ji, XP Jiang, HJ Jiao, JB Johnson, RA Kang, L Kettell, SH Kramer, M Kwan, KK Kwok, MW Kwok, T Lai, CY Lai, WC Lai, WH Lau, K Lebanowski, L Lee, J Lei, RT Leitner, R Leung, JKC Leung, KY Lewis, CA Li, F Li, GS Li, QJ Li, WD Li, XB Li, XN Li, XQ Li, Y Li, ZB Liang, H Lin, CJ Lin, GL Lin, SK Lin, YC Ling, JJ Link, JM Littenberg, L Littlejohn, BR Liu, DW Liu, JC Liu, JL Liu, YB Lu, C Lu, HQ Luk, A Luk, KB Ma, QM Ma, XB Ma, XY Ma, YQ McDonald, KT McFarlane, MC McKeown, RD Meng, Y Mohapatra, D Nakajima, Y Napolitano, J Naumov, D Nemchenok, I Ngai, HY Ngai, WK Nie, YB Ning, Z Ochoa-Ricoux, JP Olshevski, A Patton, S Pec, V Peng, JC Piilonen, LE Pinsky, L Pun, CSJ Qi, FZ Qi, M Qian, X Raper, N Ren, J Rosero, R Roskovec, B Ruan, XC Shao, BB Shih, K Steiner, H Sun, GX Sun, JL Tagg, N Tam, YH Tanaka, HK Tang, X Themann, H Torun, Y Trentalange, S Tsai, O Tsang, RHM Tull, CE Tung, YC Viren, B Vorobel, V Wang, CH Wang, LS Wang, LY Wang, LZ Wang, M Wang, NY Wang, RG Wang, W Wang, X Wang, YF Wang, Z Wang, Z Wang, ZM Webber, DM Wei, HY Wei, YD Wen, LJ Whisnant, K White, CG Whitehead, L Williamson, Y Wise, T Wong, HLH Worcester, ET Wu, FF Wu, Q Xi, JB Xia, DM Xing, ZZ Xu, J Xu, J Xu, JL Xu, Y Xue, T Yang, CG Yang, L Ye, M Yeh, M Yeh, YS Young, BL Yuh, ZY Zhan, L Zhang, C Zhang, FH Zhang, JW Zhang, QM Zhang, SH Zhang, YC Zhang, YH Zhang, YX Zhang, ZJ Zhang, ZP Zhang, ZY Zhao, J Zhao, QW Zhao, YB Zheng, L Zhong, WL Zhou, L Zhou, ZY Zhuang, HL Zou, JH AF Tsang, K. V. An, F. P. An, Q. Bai, J. Z. Balantekin, A. B. Band, H. R. Beriguete, W. Bishai, M. Blyth, S. Brown, R. L. Cao, G. F. Cao, J. Carr, R. Chan, W. T. Chang, J. F. Chang, Y. Chasman, C. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. M. Chen, X. C. Chen, X. H. Chen, X. S. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. X. Cherwinka, J. J. Chu, M. C. Cummings, J. P. Deng, Z. Y. Ding, Y. Y. Diwan, M. V. Draeger, E. Du, X. F. Dwyer, D. Edwards, W. R. Ely, S. R. Fang, S. D. Fu, J. Y. Fu, Z. W. Ge, L. Q. Gill, R. L. Gonchar, M. Gong, G. H. Gong, H. Gornushkin, Y. A. Gu, W. Q. Guan, M. Y. Guo, X. H. Hackenburg, R. W. Hahn, R. L. Hans, S. Hao, H. F. He, M. He, Q. Heeger, K. M. Heng, Y. K. Hinrichs, P. Hor, Y. K. Hsiung, Y. B. Hu, B. Z. Hu, T. Huang, H. X. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. T. Huber, P. Issakov, V. Isvan, Z. Jaffe, D. E. Jetter, S. Ji, X. L. Ji, X. P. Jiang, H. J. Jiao, J. B. Johnson, R. A. Kang, L. Kettell, S. H. Kramer, M. Kwan, K. K. Kwok, M. W. Kwok, T. Lai, C. Y. Lai, W. C. Lai, W. H. Lau, K. Lebanowski, L. Lee, J. Lei, R. T. Leitner, R. Leung, J. K. C. Leung, K. Y. Lewis, C. A. Li, F. Li, G. S. Li, Q. J. Li, W. D. Li, X. B. Li, X. N. Li, X. Q. Li, Y. Li, Z. B. Liang, H. Lin, C. J. Lin, G. L. Lin, S. K. Lin, Y. C. Ling, J. J. Link, J. M. Littenberg, L. Littlejohn, B. R. Liu, D. W. Liu, J. C. Liu, J. L. Liu, Y. B. Lu, C. Lu, H. Q. Luk, A. Luk, K. B. Ma, Q. M. Ma, X. B. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. Q. McDonald, K. T. McFarlane, M. C. McKeown, R. D. Meng, Y. Mohapatra, D. Nakajima, Y. Napolitano, J. Naumov, D. Nemchenok, I. Ngai, H. Y. Ngai, W. K. Nie, Y. B. Ning, Z. Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P. Olshevski, A. Patton, S. Pec, V. Peng, J. C. Piilonen, L. E. Pinsky, L. Pun, C. S. J. Qi, F. Z. Qi, M. Qian, X. Raper, N. Ren, J. Rosero, R. Roskovec, B. Ruan, X. C. Shao, B. B. Shih, K. Steiner, H. Sun, G. X. Sun, J. L. Tagg, N. Tam, Y. H. Tanaka, H. K. Tang, X. Themann, H. Torun, Y. Trentalange, S. Tsai, O. Tsang, R. H. M. Tull, C. E. Tung, Y. C. Viren, B. Vorobel, V. Wang, C. H. Wang, L. S. Wang, L. Y. Wang, L. Z. Wang, M. Wang, N. Y. Wang, R. G. Wang, W. Wang, X. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. M. Webber, D. M. Wei, H. Y. Wei, Y. D. Wen, L. J. Whisnant, K. White, C. G. Whitehead, L. Williamson, Y. Wise, T. Wong, H. L. H. Worcester, E. T. Wu, F. F. Wu, Q. Xi, J. B. Xia, D. M. Xing, Z. Z. Xu, J. Xu, J. Xu, J. L. Xu, Y. Xue, T. Yang, C. G. Yang, L. Ye, M. Yeh, M. Yeh, Y. S. Young, B. L. Yuh, Z. Y. Zhan, L. Zhang, C. Zhang, F. H. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, Q. M. Zhang, S. H. Zhang, Y. C. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. X. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhao, J. Zhao, Q. W. Zhao, Y. B. Zheng, L. Zhong, W. L. Zhou, L. Zhou, Z. Y. Zhuang, H. L. Zou, J. H. TI Results from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA) CY NOV 13-17, 2012 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Chao Tung Univ, Asia Pacific Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl Sci Council R O C, Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Taida Ctr Theoret Sci DE Neutrino Oscillation; Neutrino Mixing; Reactor; Daya Bay AB The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment was designed to achieve a sensitivity on the value of sin(2) 2 theta(13). to better than 0.01 at 90% CL. The experiment consists of eight antineutrino detectors installed underground at different baselines from six nuclear reactors. With data collected with six antineutrino detectors for 55 days, Daya Bay announced the discovery of a non-zero value for sin(2) 2 theta(13) with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations in March 2012. The most recent analysis with 139 days of data acquired in a six-detector configuration yields sin(2) 2 theta(13) = 0.089 +/- 0.010(stat.) +/- 0.005(syst.), which is the most precise measurement of sin(2) 2 theta(13) to date. C1 [Tsang, K. V.; Edwards, W. R.; Kramer, M.; Lee, J.; Lin, C. J.; Luk, K. B.; Nakajima, Y.; Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P.; Patton, S.; Steiner, H.; Tull, C. E.; Wong, H. L. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [An, F. P.; Bai, J. Z.; Cao, G. F.; Cao, J.; Chang, J. F.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, X. H.; Chen, X. S.; Deng, Z. Y.; Ding, Y. Y.; Du, X. F.; Fu, J. Y.; Guan, M. Y.; He, M.; Heng, Y. K.; Hu, T.; Jetter, S.; Ji, X. L.; Li, F.; Li, Q. J.; Li, W. D.; Li, X. B.; Li, X. N.; Liu, J. C.; Liu, Y. B.; Lu, H. Q.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, X. Y.; Ma, Y. Q.; Ning, Z.; Qi, F. Z.; Sun, G. X.; Tang, X.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, L. Y.; Wang, R. G.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. M.; Wen, L. J.; Xia, D. M.; Xing, Z. Z.; Xu, J. L.; Yang, C. G.; Ye, M.; Yuh, Z. Y.; Zhan, L.; Zhang, F. H.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, Q. M.; Zhang, S. H.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, J.; Zhao, Q. W.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhong, W. L.; Zhou, L.; Zhuang, H. L.; Zou, J. H.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [An, Q.; Hao, H. F.; Liang, H.; Xi, J. B.; Zhang, Y. C.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zheng, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Balantekin, A. B.; Band, H. R.; Cherwinka, J. J.; Heeger, K. M.; Hinrichs, P.; Lewis, C. A.; Littlejohn, B. R.; McFarlane, M. C.; Webber, D. M.; Wise, T.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Beriguete, W.; Bishai, M.; Brown, R. L.; Chan, W. T.; Chasman, C.; Diwan, M. V.; Gill, R. L.; Hackenburg, R. W.; Hahn, R. L.; Hans, S.; Issakov, V.; Isvan, Z.; Jaffe, D. E.; Kettell, S. H.; Ling, J. J.; Littenberg, L.; Rosero, R.; Tagg, N.; Tanaka, H. K.; Themann, H.; Viren, B.; Williamson, Y.; Worcester, E. T.; Yeh, M.; Zhang, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Blyth, S.; Chang, Y.; Wang, C. H.] Natl United Univ, Miaoli, Taiwan. [Carr, R.; Dwyer, D.; McKeown, R. D.; Qian, X.; Tsang, R. H. M.; Wu, F. F.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chen, H. Y.; Hu, B. Z.; Lai, W. H.; Lin, G. L.; Yeh, Y. S.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Inst Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Chen, S. J.; Fang, S. D.; Fu, Z. W.; Qi, M.] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, S. M.; Gong, G. H.; Gong, H.; Shao, B. B.; Wang, X.; Wang, Z.; Wei, H. Y.; Xue, T.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Chen, X. C.; Chu, M. C.; Kwan, K. K.; Kwok, M. W.; Lin, Y. C.; Luk, A.; Shih, K.; Tam, Y. H.; Xu, J.] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chen, Y.] Shenzhen Univ, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Chen, Y. X.; Ma, X. B.; Wang, L. Z.] North China Elect Power Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cummings, J. P.] Siena Coll, Loudonville, NY USA. [Draeger, E.; Torun, Y.; White, C. G.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Edwards, W. R.; Kramer, M.; Luk, K. B.; Steiner, H.; Wong, H. L. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ely, S. R.; Liu, D. W.; Ngai, W. K.; Peng, J. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL USA. [Ge, L. Q.; Jiang, H. J.; Lai, W. C.; Lin, Y. C.] Chengdu Univ Technol, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Gonchar, M.; Gornushkin, Y. A.; Naumov, D.; Nemchenok, I.; Olshevski, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. [Gu, W. Q.; Li, G. S.; Liu, J. L.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Guo, X. H.; Wang, N. Y.; Xu, J.] Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [He, Q.; Lu, C.; McDonald, K. T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hor, Y. K.; Huber, P.; Link, J. M.; Meng, Y.; Mohapatra, D.; Piilonen, L. E.] Virginia Tech, Ctr Neutrino Phys, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Hsiung, Y. B.; Lai, C. Y.; Tung, Y. C.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Huang, H. X.; Nie, Y. B.; Ren, J.; Ruan, X. C.; Zhou, Z. Y.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Huang, H. Z.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Huang, X. T.; Jiao, J. B.; Wang, M.; Wu, Q.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Ji, X. P.; Li, X. Q.; Xu, Y.] Nankai Univ, Sch Phys, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Johnson, R. A.; Littlejohn, B. R.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Kang, L.; Lei, R. T.; Li, Y.; Wei, Y. D.; Yang, L.; Zhang, Z. J.] Dongguan Univ Technol, Dongguan, Peoples R China. [Kwok, T.; Leung, J. K. C.; Leung, K. Y.; Lin, Y. C.; Ngai, H. Y.; Pun, C. S. J.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Lau, K.; Lebanowski, L.; Lin, S. K.; Pinsky, L.; Whitehead, L.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX USA. [Leitner, R.; Pec, V.; Roskovec, B.; Vorobel, V.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Li, Z. B.] Sun Yat Sen Zhongshan Univ, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [McKeown, R. D.; Wang, W.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Napolitano, J.; Raper, N.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [Sun, J. L.; Zhang, Y. X.] China Guangdong Nucl Power Grp, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Whisnant, K.; Young, B. L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. RP Tsang, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Balantekin, Akif Baha/E-4776-2010; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Ling, Jiajie/I-9173-2014; Cao, Jun/G-8701-2012; OI Balantekin, Akif Baha/0000-0002-2999-0111; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Ling, Jiajie/0000-0003-2982-0670; Naumov, Dmitry Vadimovich/0000-0002-0966-8803; Ngai, Ho Yin/0000-0003-0336-2165; Cao, Jun/0000-0002-3586-2319; Xu, Jilei/0000-0001-5743-6807; Zhong, Weili/0000-0002-4566-5490; HSIUNG, YEE/0000-0003-4801-1238; Qian, Xin/0000-0002-7903-7935; Torun, Yagmur/0000-0003-2336-6585 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 246 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2013.10.059 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA AA9NJ UT WOS:000331419900003 ER PT J AU Chen, CH AF Chen, Chin-Hao TI Studying the Early Universe via Quark-Gluon Plasma SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA) CY NOV 13-17, 2012 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Chao Tung Univ, Asia Pacific Ctr Theoret Phys, Natl Sci Council R O C, Natl Ctr Theoret Sci, Taida Ctr Theoret Sci DE Quark-Gluon Plasma; Perfect Fluid AB Shortly after the Big Bang, the early universe is a high temperature and high density environment. In order to recreate this state of matter in the laboratory, a little bang was created by colliding heavy ions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory and subsequently at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. From the most energetic collision at RHIC, the created temperature is estimated to be at least 221 MeV, where the quarks in the nucleon will no longer be confined and a new state of matter, quark-gluon plasma (QGP), is formed. Detailed studies of the QGP, reveal that QGP has the lowest "shear viscosity to entropy ratio" which is close to the lowest bound determined from quantum mechanics. This makes QGP the "most perfect fluid" in universe. The measured properties of QGP should also provide constraints for theoretical models of the early universe. C1 [Chen, Chin-Hao] RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chen, Chin-Hao] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM chchen@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5632 EI 1873-3832 J9 NUCL PHYS B-PROC SUP JI Nucl. Phys. B-Proc. Suppl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 246 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2013.10.063 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA AA9NJ UT WOS:000331419900007 ER PT S AU Abhyankar, S Rao, V Anitescu, M AF Abhyankar, Shrirang Rao, Vishwas Anitescu, Mihai GP IEEE TI Dynamic Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow Using Finite Difference Sensitivities SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Optimal power flow; Dynamic security; Transient stability; Frequency deviation; Finite differencing; Marginal cost of frequency deviation. ID TRANSIENT STABILITY CONSTRAINTS AB We present a novel technique for determining the solution of optimal power flow, including dynamic security constraints, using forward sensitivities computed by using finite differences. Finite differencing provides an easy way of computing the sensitivities of the dynamic security constraints in optimal power flow. A dynamic security measure based on the frequency excursion of the generators is presented. Our formulation also yields the marginal cost associated with the generator's frequency excursion. C1 [Abhyankar, Shrirang; Anitescu, Mihai] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abhyankar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abhyshr@mcs.anl.gov; visrao@vt.edu; anitescu@mcs.anl.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504095 ER PT S AU Barrows, C Blumsack, S Hines, P AF Barrows, Clayton Blumsack, Seth Hines, Paul GP IEEE TI Correcting Optimal Transmission Switching for AC Power Flows SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Optimization; Smart Grid; Transmission Switching AB Optimal Transmission Switching (OTS) has demonstrated significant savings potential on test systems when formulated in a linearized DC power flow framework. However, OTS solutions generated from DC models have no feasibility guarantee when applied to AC power flow models. Additionally, AC-feasible OTS solutions may not generate cost savings as suggested in the DC model. We present a method to correct OTS solutions obtained in the DC model to ensure feasible AC power flow solutions. When applied to the RTS-96 benchmark network, the method achieves results that are both AC feasible and generate significant system cost reductions. C1 [Barrows, Clayton] NREL, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Barrows, C (reprint author), NREL, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM clayton.barrows@nrel.gov; sethb@psu.edu; paul.hines@uvm.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505052 ER PT S AU Byrne, RH Trudnowski, DJ Neely, JC Elliott, RT Schoenwald, DA Donnelly, MK AF Byrne, R. H. Trudnowski, D. J. Neely, J. C. Elliott, R. T. Schoenwald, D. A. Donnelly, M. K. GP IEEE TI Optimal Locations for Energy Storage Damping Systems in the Western North American Interconnect SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Power system dynamics; stability; control; oscillations; HVDC modulation; energy storage ID POWER-SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; OSCILLATIONS AB Electromechanical oscillations often limit transmission capacity in the western North American Power System ( termed the wNAPS). Recent research and development has focused on employing large-scale damping controls via wide area feedback. Such an approach is made possible by the recent installation of a wide-area real-time measurement system based upon Phasor Measurement Unit ( PMU) technology. One potential large-scale damping approach is based on energy storage devices. Such an approach has considerable promise for damping oscillations. This paper considers the placement of such devices within the wNAPS system. We explore combining energy storage devices with HVDC modulation of the Pacific DC Intertie ( PDCI). We include eigenanalysis of a reduced-order wNAPS system, detailed analysis of a basic two-area dynamic system, and full order transient simulations. We conclude that the optimal energy storage location is in the area with the lower inertia. C1 [Byrne, R. H.; Neely, J. C.; Elliott, R. T.; Schoenwald, D. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Byrne, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rhbyrne@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505051 ER PT S AU Byrne, RH Silva-Monroy, CA AF Byrne, Raymond H. Silva-Monroy, Cesar A. GP IEEE TI Potential Revenue from Electrical Energy Storage in the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE AB This paper outlines the calculations required to estimate the maximum potential revenue from participation in arbitrage and regulation in day-ahead markets using linear programming. Then, we use historical Electricity Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) data from 2011-2012 to evaluate the maximum potential revenue from a hypothetical 32 MWh, 8 MW system. We investigate the maximum potential revenue from two different scenarios: arbitrage only and arbitrage combined with regulation. Our analysis shows that, with perfect foresight, participation in the regulation market would have produced more than twice the revenue compared to arbitrage in the ERCOT market in 2011 and 2012. Three simple trading strategies that do not rely on perfect knowledge are then compared to the optimization results. C1 [Byrne, Raymond H.; Silva-Monroy, Cesar A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Byrne, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rhbyrne@sandia.gov; casilv@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505058 ER PT S AU Chen, RLY Ruthruff, J AF Chen, Richard Li-Yang Ruthruff, Joseph GP IEEE TI A Scalable Decomposition Algorithm for PMU Placement Under Multiple-Failure Contingencies SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE ID OBSERVABILITY; NETWORKS AB This paper presents several advances for the PMU placement problem (PPP). Existing approaches have difficulty scaling to full-scale systems, and are not guaranteed to be resilient to multiple component failures. This paper expands PPP to a more general k - resilient PPP, where any k PMUs and/or lines can fail without jeopardizing the problem's full supervision criterion. Our PPP model - a novel formulation based on maximumflow network design - is unique in that it is amenable to efficient decomposition, which significantly improves tractability and scalability. We present two cutting plane algorithms to support this decomposition - the first such algorithms for the PPP to our knowledge. The improvements in computational efficiency afforded by the network decomposition suggest that our approach can solve the PPP for large-scale systems. C1 [Chen, Richard Li-Yang; Ruthruff, Joseph] Sandia Natl Labs, Quantitat Modeling & Anal, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chen, RLY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Quantitat Modeling & Anal, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rlchen@sandia.gov; jruthru@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504066 ER PT S AU Chen, YS Rice, M Huang, ZY AF Chen, Yousu Rice, Mark Huang, Zhenyu GP IEEE TI SCADA-Rate Parallel State Estimation Assessed with Utility Data SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE State Estimation; Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient; High Performance Computing AB This paper presents a full-cycle parallel state estimation (PSE) implementation using a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. The developed code is able to solve state estimation of large-size power systems within 5 seconds using real-world data, a time interval comparable to the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) rate. This achievement allows the operators to know the system status much faster to help improve grid reliability. Case study results of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) system with real measurements are presented. The benefits of fast state estimation are also discussed. C1 [Chen, Yousu] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Chen, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM yousu.chen@pnnl.gov; mark.rice@pnnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551501128 ER PT S AU Ela, E Gevorgian, V Tuohy, A Kirby, B Milligan, M O'Malley, M AF Ela, Erik Gevorgian, Vahan Tuohy, Aidan Kirby, Brendan Milligan, Michael O'Malley, Mark GP IEEE TI Market Designs for the Primary Frequency Response Ancillary Service SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE C1 [Ela, Erik; Gevorgian, Vahan; Tuohy, Aidan; Kirby, Brendan; Milligan, Michael; O'Malley, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Power Syst Engn Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ela, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Power Syst Engn Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551501071 ER PT S AU Elizondo, MA Lu, S Lin, G Wang, SB AF Elizondo, Marcelo A. Lu, Shuai Lin, Guang Wang, Shaobu GP IEEE TI Dynamic Response of Large Wind Power Plant Affected by Diverse Conditions at Individual Turbines SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Power system dynamic performance; power system stability; uncertainty quantification; wind power plant ID MODEL AB Diverse operating conditions at individual wind turbine generators (WTG) within wind power plants (WPPs) can affect the WPP dynamic response to system faults. For example, individual WTGs can experience diverse terminal voltage and power output caused by different wind direction and speed, affecting the response of protection and control limiters. In this paper, we present a study to investigate the dynamic response of a detailed WPP model under diverse power outputs of its individual WTGs. Wake effect is considered as the reason for diverse power outputs. The diverse WTG power output is evaluated in a test system where a large 168-machine test WPP is connected to the IEEE-39-bus system. The power output from each WTG is derived from a wake effect model that uses realistic statistical data for incoming wind speed and direction. The results show that diverse WTG output due to wake effect can affect the WPP dynamic response activating specialized control in some turbines. In addition, transient stability is affected by exhibiting uncertainty in critical clearing time calculation. C1 [Elizondo, Marcelo A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Elizondo, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM Marcelo.Elizondo@pnnl.gov; Shuai.Lu@pnnl.gov; Guang.Lin@pnnl.gov; Shaobu.Wang@pnnl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505049 ER PT S AU Elliott, R Byrne, R Ellis, A Grant, L AF Elliott, Ryan Byrne, Raymond Ellis, Abraham Grant, Lisa GP IEEE TI Impact of Increased Photovoltaic Generation on Inter-area Oscillations in the Western North American Power System SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Inter-area oscillations; modal analysis; Pacific DC Intertie (PDCI); photovoltaic generation (PV); power system dynamics; renewable energy; small-signal stability AB The primary goal of this project was to assess the impact of an increase in the penetration of photovoltaic (PV) solar generation on small-signal stability in the western North American power system. Small-signal stability is concerned with the response of the system to small disturbances where a linearized model sufficiently describes the system behavior. Two different approaches were applied to assess small-signal stability. The first approach was to excite the modes of oscillation in simulation and use Prony's method to perform ringdown analysis. General Electric's Positive Sequence Load Flow (PSLF) software was used to simulate dynamic brake insertions, and MATLAB was used to extract the modal content from the measured ringdowns. The second approach was to use the analytical linearization techniques provided by the Small Signal Analysis Tool (SSAT) from Powertech Labs. To study the effect of variation in system loading, two different Western Electric Coordinating Council (WECC) base cases were analyzed. Each base case was augmented by increasing the percentage of wind and photovoltaic generation. Potential concerns identified by this study were an increase in observability and decrease in damping exhibited by an East-West mode of oscillation under light loading conditions. The main finding is that mode frequency tends to increase as a function of renewable energy penetration, while damping is relatively unaffected. C1 [Elliott, Ryan; Byrne, Raymond; Ellis, Abraham; Grant, Lisa] Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta & Distributed Syst Integrat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Elliott, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta & Distributed Syst Integrat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM rtellio@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505061 ER PT S AU Gentle, JP Myers, KS Bush, JW Carnohan, SA West, MR AF Gentle, Jake P. Myers, Kurt S. Bush, Jason W. Carnohan, Shane A. West, Michael R. GP IEEE TI Dynamic Line Rating Systems: Research and Policy Evaluation SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Power transmission; Fluid Dynamics; Power system planning; Energy Policy AB Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) is a smart grid technology that allows the rating of electrical conductors to be increased based on local weather conditions. Overhead lines are conventionally given a conservative rating based on worst case scenarios. We demonstrate that observing the conditions in real time leads to additional capacity and safer operation. This paper provides a report of a pioneering scheme in the United States of America in which DLR has been applied. Thereby, we demonstrate that observing the local weather conditions in real time leads to additional capacity and safer operation. Secondly, we discuss limitations involved. In doing so, we arrive at novel insights which will inform and improve future DLR projects. Third, we provide a policy background and discussion to clarify the technology's potential and identifies barriers to the imminent adoption of dynamic line rating systems. We provide suggestions for regulatory bodies about possible improvements in policy to encourage adoption of this beneficial technology. C1 [Gentle, Jake P.; Myers, Kurt S.; Bush, Jason W.; Carnohan, Shane A.; West, Michael R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gentle, JP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Jake.Gentle@inl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505055 ER PT S AU Gotseff, P Cale, J Baggu, M Narang, D Carroll, K AF Gotseff, Peter Cale, James Baggu, Murali Narang, David Carroll, Kevin GP IEEE TI Accurate Power Prediction of Spatially Distributed PV Systems using Localized Irradiance Measurements SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE AMI measurements; irradiance measurements; PV power estimation; PV variability; weather data AB In this paper, a method for estimating power injected into an electrical distribution system from spatially distributed residential PV systems using data from ground-based weather stations is described. This method was developed as part of the High Penetration PV Deployment Project at the Arizona Public Service (APS). Verification of this predictive method is also described in this paper. Finally, correlation statistics and power production ramp rates are calculated for irradiance based on measured power within the APS study area using two different sets of weather station measurements. The method has potential applications to real-time or forecasted power estimation on distribution circuits in addition to the development of broader guidelines on the optimal number and location of irradiance sensors for power estimation in distribution circuits with high penetrations of PV. C1 [Gotseff, Peter; Cale, James; Baggu, Murali] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 20024 USA. RP Gotseff, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 20024 USA. EM Peter.Gotseff@nrel.gov; James.Cale@nrel.gov; Murali.Baggu@nrel.gov; David.Narang@aps.com; Kevin.Carroll@aps.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504036 ER PT S AU Hou, ZJ Etingov, PV Makarov, YV Samaan, NA AF Hou, Z. Jason Etingov, Pavel V. Makarov, Yuri V. Samaan, Nader A. GP IEEE TI Uncertainty Reduction in Power Generation Forecast Using Coupled Wavelet-ARIMA SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Power system planning; uncertainty reduction; forecasting; wavelet transform; ARIMA AB Forecasts errors in variable generation and load are usually assumed to be normally distributed. This supposition is used as the basis for estimating these errors' uncertainty and consequences for a power system. Another assumption is that the forecast errors are stationary processes with time-independent probability distributions. These hypotheses, however, are not always valid. In this paper, we introduce a new approach without implying normal distributions and stationarity of forecast errors. In addition, it is desired to more accurately quantify the forecast uncertainty by reducing prediction intervals of forecasts. We use automatically coupled wavelet transform and autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) forecasting to reflect multiscale variability of forecast errors. The proposed analysis reveals slow-changing "quasi-deterministic"components of forecast errors. This helps improve forecasts produced by other means, e.g., using weather-based models, and reduce forecast errors prediction intervals. Thus, we demonstrate the possibility of uncertainty reduction for wind, solar, and load forecast errors by 10-12%. C1 [Hou, Z. Jason; Etingov, Pavel V.; Makarov, Yuri V.; Samaan, Nader A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hou, ZJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhangshuan.hou@pnnl.gov; pavel.etingov@pnnl.gov; yuri.makarov@pnnl.gov; nader.samaan@pnnl.gov RI Hou, Zhangshuan/B-1546-2014 OI Hou, Zhangshuan/0000-0002-9388-6060 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504062 ER PT S AU Huang, ZY Schneider, K Nieplocha, J Zhou, N AF Huang, Zhenyu Schneider, Kevin Nieplocha, Jarek Zhou, Ning GP IEEE TI Estimating Power System Dynamic States Using Extended Kalman Filter SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Dynamic State Estimation; Extended Kalman Filter; Power System Operations; Dynamic Simulation AB The state estimation tools which are currently deployed in power system control rooms are based on a steady state assumption. As a result, the suite of operational tools that rely on state estimation results as inputs do not have dynamic information available and their accuracy is compromised. This paper investigates the application of Extended Kalman Filtering techniques for estimating dynamic states in the state estimation process. The new formulated "dynamic state estimation" includes true system dynamics reflected in differential equations, not like previously proposed "dynamic state estimation" which only considers the time-variant snapshots based on steady state modeling. This new dynamic state estimation using Extended Kalman Filter has been successfully tested on a multi-machine system. Sensitivity studies with respect to noise levels, sampling rates, model errors, and parameter errors are presented as well to illustrate the robust performance of the developed dynamic state estimation process. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Schneider, Kevin; Nieplocha, Jarek] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnnl.gov; kevin.schneider@pnnl.gov; jarek.nieplocha@pnnl.gov; ningzhou@binghamton.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505103 ER PT S AU Huang, ZY Palmer, B Jin, SS Bindewald, G AF Huang, Zhenyu Palmer, Bruce Jin, Shuangshuang Bindewald, Gil GP IEEE TI An Open-Source Approach to Accelerating Power System Dynamic Simulation SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Palmer, Bruce; Jin, Shuangshuang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551501126 ER PT S AU Huang, ZY Diao, RS Jin, SS Chen, YS AF Huang, Zhenyu Diao, Ruisheng Jin, Shuangshuang Chen, Yousu GP IEEE TI Predictive Dynamic Security Assessment through Advanced Computing SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Dynamic Security Assessment; Advanced Computing; Phasor Measurement; Predictive Capabilities; Real-Time Operation AB Traditional dynamic security assessment is limited by several factors and thus falls short in providing real-time information to be predictive for power system operation. These factors include the steady-state assumption of current operating points, static transfer limits, and low computational speed. This addresses these factors and frames predictive dynamic security assessment. The primary objective of predictive dynamic security assessment is to enhance the functionality and computational process of dynamic security assessment through the use of high-speed phasor measurements and the application of advanced computing technologies for faster-than-real-time simulation. This paper presents algorithms, computing platforms, and simulation frameworks that constitute the predictive dynamic security assessment capability. Examples of phasor application and fast computation for dynamic security assessment are included to demonstrate the feasibility and speed enhancement for real-time applications. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Diao, Ruisheng] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnnl.gov; ruisheng.diao@pnnl.gov; shuangshuang.jin@pnnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551500044 ER PT S AU Ibanez, E Krad, I Ela, E AF Ibanez, Eduardo Krad, Ibrahim Ela, Erik GP IEEE TI A Systematic Comparison of Operating Reserve Methodologies SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE Operating reserve; power systems economics; power systems reliability; solar energy; wind energy AB Operating reserve requirements are a key component of modern power systems, and they contribute to maintaining reliable operations with minimum economic impact. No universal method exists for determining reserve requirements, thus there is a need for a thorough study and performance comparison of the different existing methodologies. Increasing penetrations of variable generation (VG) on electric power systems are posed to increase system uncertainty and variability, thus the need for additional reserve also increases. This paper presents background information on operating reserve and its relationship to VG. A consistent comparison of three methodologies to calculate regulating and flexibility reserve in systems with VG is performed. C1 [Ibanez, Eduardo; Krad, Ibrahim; Ela, Erik] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmission & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ibanez, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Transmission & Grid Integrat Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551503130 ER PT S AU Irminger, P Starke, MR Dimitrovski, A Overholt, P Rizy, DT Stovall, J Overholt, P AF Irminger, Philip Starke, Michael R. Dimitrovski, Aleksandar Young, Marcus Rizy, D. Tom Stovall, John Overholt, Philip GP IEEE TI A Testing Platform for Validation of Overhead Conductor Aging Models and Understanding Thermal Limits SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE overhead conductor; accelerated conductor testing; transmission line; transmission monitoring; transmission sensors AB Power system equipment manufacturers and researchers continue to experiment with novel overhead electric conductor designs that support better conductor performance and address congestion issues. To address the technology gap in testing these novel designs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory constructed the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) facility to evaluate the performance of novel overhead conductors in an accelerated fashion in a field environment. Additionally, PCAT has the capability to test advanced sensors and measurement methods for accessing overhead conductor performance and condition. Equipped with extensive measurement and monitoring devices, PCAT provides a platform to improve/validate conductor computer models and assess the performance of novel conductors. The PCAT facility and its testing capabilities are described in this paper. C1 [Irminger, Philip; Starke, Michael R.; Dimitrovski, Aleksandar; Young, Marcus; Rizy, D. Tom; Stovall, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Irminger, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RI Dimitrovski, Aleksandar/G-5897-2016 OI Dimitrovski, Aleksandar/0000-0001-9109-621X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551505039 ER PT S AU Krad, I Ela, E Koritarov, V AF Krad, Ibrahim Ela, Erik Koritarov, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Quantifying the Operational Benefits of Conventional and Advanced Pumped Storage Hydro on Reliability and Efficiency SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE area control error (ACE); automatic generation control (AGC); electricity markets; pumped storage hydro (PSH); variable generation (VG) AB Pumped storage hydro (PSH) plants have significant potential in providing reliability and efficiency benefits in future electric power systems. New PSH technologies, like adjustable-speed PSH, have also been introduced and can present further benefits. An understanding of these benefits on systems with high penetrations of variable generation (VG) is a primary focus. This paper will demonstrate and quantify some of the reliability and efficiency benefits afforded by pumped storage hydro plants utilizing the Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integrating Variable generation (FESTIV), an integrated power system operations tool which evaluates both reliability and production costs. A description about the FESTIV tool and how it simulates PSH operations at multiple timescales will be given. Impacts of PSH on area control error, production costs, and system operation are quantified on a high VG scenario in the Balancing Area of Northern California. We also perform a study on how advanced PSH can provide a fast form of regulation to improve reliability and potentially reduce costs. C1 [Krad, Ibrahim; Ela, Erik] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Krad, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ibrahim.krad@nrel.gov; erik.ela@nrel.gov; Koritarov@anl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551501073 ER PT S AU Marinovici, L Lian, JM Kalsi, K Du, PW Elizondo, M AF Marinovici, Laurentiu Lian, Jianming Kalsi, Karanjit Du, Pengwei Elizondo, Marcelo GP IEEE TI Distributed Hierarchical Control Architecture for Transient Dynamics Improvement in Power Systems SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE C1 [Marinovici, Laurentiu; Lian, Jianming; Kalsi, Karanjit; Du, Pengwei; Elizondo, Marcelo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Marinovici, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504025 ER PT S AU Milligan, M Orths, A Holttinen, H Kiviluoma, J Lynch, MA Soder, L AF Milligan, Michael Orths, Antje Holttinen, Hannele Kiviluoma, Juha Lynch, Muireann A. Soder, Lennart GP IEEE TI Market Designs for High Levels of Variable Generation SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE wind energy; power markets; flexibility; capacity AB Variable renewable generation is increasing in penetration in modern power systems, leading to higher variability in the supply and price of electricity as well as lower average spot prices. This raises new challenges, particularly in ensuring sufficient capacity and flexibility from conventional technologies. As the fixed costs and lifetimes of electricity generation investments are significant, designing markets and regulations which ensure efficient integration of renewable generation is a significant challenge. This panel presentation reviews the state of play in the USA and Europe with regard to these issues and considers new developments in both regions. C1 [Milligan, Michael] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Milligan, M (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551503125 ER PT S AU Schneider, K Phanivong, P Lacroix, JS AF Schneider, Kevin Phanivong, Phillipe Lacroix, Jean-Sebastian GP IEEE TI IEEE 342-Node Low Voltage Networked Test System SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE distribution; test feeder; unbalanced simulation model; power distribution system analysis AB The IEEE Distribution Test Feeders provide a benchmark for new algorithms to the distribution analysis community. The low voltage network test feeder represents a moderate size urban system that is unbalanced and highly networked. This is the first distribution test feeder developed by the IEEE that contains unbalanced networked components. The 342-node Low Voltage Networked Test System includes many elements that may be found in a networked system: multiple 13.2kV primary feeders, network protectors, a 120/208V grid network, and multiple 277/480V spot networks. This paper presents a brief review of the history of low voltage networks and how they evolved into the modern systems. This paper will then present a description of the 342-Node IEEE Low Voltage Network Test System and power flow results. C1 [Schneider, Kevin; Phanivong, Phillipe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 99354 USA. RP Schneider, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 99354 USA. EM Kevin.schnedier@pnnl.gov; Phillippe.Phanivong@pnnl.gov; jean.sebastien.lacroix@cyme.com NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504121 ER PT S AU Zhang, YC Allen, A Hodge, BM AF Zhang, Yingchen Allen, Alicia Hodge, Bri-Mathias GP IEEE TI Impact of Distribution-Connected Large-Scale Wind Turbines on Transmission System Stability during Large Disturbances SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE DE distributed generation; wind turbine generator; wind energy AB Many favorable wind resources are located in rural areas that do not have direct access to the high-voltage transmission systems. Therefore, it is practical and cost-effective to seek the installation of utility-scale, megawatt-level wind turbine generators on distribution feeders. Common study for interconnection of distributed generation typically focuses on stability impacts within the distribution feeder itself, such as the impact on feeder voltages. Efforts to investigate the impact of transmission events on distributed wind generation, as well as the impact of distributed wind generation at high penetration level on transmission stability, are much needed. This study models a power system with both the bulk transmission grid as well as distribution feeders. Megawatt-level wind turbine generators are connected to distribution feeders. Transmission disturbances are simulated to analyze their impacts on distributed wind generators. This study also investigates the reaction from all the distributed generation to a single transmission disturbance when the wind penetration is high, which could have a great impact on system stability. C1 [Zhang, Yingchen; Allen, Alicia; Hodge, Bri-Mathias] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, YC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504010 ER PT S AU Zhou, Z Botterud, A AF Zhou, Zhi Botterud, Audun GP IEEE TI Dynamic scheduling of operating reserves in co-optimized electricity markets with wind power SO 2014 IEEE PES GENERAL MEETING - CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES General Meeting CY JUL 27-31, 2014 CL National Harbor, MD SP IEEE C1 [Zhou, Zhi; Botterud, Audun] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhou, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-6415-4 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2014 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0TU UT WOS:000349551504109 ER PT S AU Fente, A Guillamon, I Ran, S Vieira, S Suderow, H Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC AF Fente, A. Guillamon, I. Ran, S. Vieira, S. Suderow, H. Bud'ko, S. L. Canfield, P. C. BE Calzetta, E TI Observation of unreconstructed square atomic square lattice in Ca(Fe0.965Co0.035)(2)As-2 cleaved at very low temperatures SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS (LT27), PTS 1-5 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT) CY AUG 06-13, 2014 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP Int Un Pure & Appl Phys, Centro Latinoamericano Fsica, Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Univ Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacl Investigaciones Cientcas Tecnicas, Ministerio Ciencia Tecnologa Innovac Productiva, Agencia Nacl Promoc Cientca Tecnologica, Attocube, CamCool Res Ltd, Cryogen Ltd, Cryomech Inc, Innovat Cryogen Engn Oxford, IOP Publishing, Janis Res, Lake Shore Cryotron, Leiden Cryogen BV, Oxford Instruments, Instituto Fsica Buenos Aires, AGENCIA, Quantum Design Int, Buenos Aires Ciudad, Asociac Argentina Para Progreso Ciencias, Academia Nacl Ciencias Exactas Fisicas Naturales, Univ Buenos Aires, Departmento Fisica, Juan Jose Giambiagi ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; STATE AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been by now made in many pnictide layered superconductors. In AFe(2)As(2) (A=Ca, Sr, Ba), surface reconstructions dominate the STM topographic images and no surface termination with the bulk atomic lattice has been reported. Here, we present STM measurements on the surface of Ca(Fe0.965Co0.035)(2)As-2 cleaved in-situ below liquid helium temperatures. We observe the ubiquitous surface reconstruction consisting of 1D stripes that can adopt two degenerate orientations with respect to the crystal lattice. By searching over many different scanning windows, we find that low temperature cleaving also exposes surfaces showing the As unreconstructed lattice of the bulk tetragonal crystal, over areas of some tens of nm lateral size. C1 [Fente, A.; Guillamon, I.; Vieira, S.; Suderow, H.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis La Mat Condensada, Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Fente, A.; Guillamon, I.; Vieira, S.; Suderow, H.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Mat Condensada IFIMAC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Guillamon, I.; Vieira, S.; Suderow, H.] UAM, CSIC, Unidad Asociada Bajas Temp & Altos Campos Magnet, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Ran, S.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ran, S.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fente, A (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Ciencia Mat Nicolas Cabrera, Dept Fis La Mat Condensada, Lab Bajas Temp, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM anton.fente@uam.es; hermann.suderow@uam.es RI Guillamon, Isabel/C-9744-2014; Suderow, Hermann/L-6612-2013 OI Guillamon, Isabel/0000-0002-2606-3355; Suderow, Hermann/0000-0002-5902-1880 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 568 AR 022046 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/568/2/022046 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BC2XK UT WOS:000351433700077 ER PT J AU Brown, TG Harkins, T Don, M Hall, R Garner, J Davis, B AF Brown, T. Gordon Harkins, Thomas Don, Michael Hall, Rex Garner, James Davis, Bradford BE Ames, RG Boeka, RD TI DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OF A NEW CAPABILITY FOR AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MEDIUM CALIBER PROJECTILES SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Ballistics CY SEP 22-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Natl Defense Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc AB Observations of projectile free flight motion are used in making estimates of the aerodynamic coefficients in the differential equations describing that motion. Since the last years of the 20th century, state measurements of large caliber projectiles throughout flight have been successfully made using onboard instrumentation and telemetry systems. Because a single flight can span a wide range of mach numbers and angular motions, analysis of these data greatly enhances the ability to obtain aerodynamic characterization of projectiles in a timely fashion at reduced costs. Beginning in 2012, the Army Research Laboratory undertook to design, build, and demonstrate via flight experiments an instrumentation/ telemetry system to achieve a similar capability for medium caliber projectiles. Hardware and software development and packaging efforts necessary to this successful effort will be described and flight experiment data will be shown and analyzed. C1 [Brown, T. Gordon; Don, Michael; Hall, Rex; Garner, James; Davis, Bradford] US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Harkins, Thomas] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. RP Brown, TG (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-149-2 PY 2014 BP 780 EP 791 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BC2IL UT WOS:000350969700088 ER PT J AU Parab, ND Claus, BJ Hudspeth, MC Black, JT Fezzaa, K Chen, WNW AF Parab, Niranjan D. Claus, Benjamin J. Hudspeth, Matthew C. Black, John T. Fezzaa, Kamel Chen, Weinong W. BE Ames, RG Boeka, RD TI INVESTIGATION OF FAILURE MECHANISMS IN GLASS UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING USING HIGH SPEED X-RAY PHASE CONTRAST IMAGING SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Ballistics CY SEP 22-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Natl Defense Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc ID CONE CRACK; IMPACT AB High speed x-ray phase contrast imaging synchronized with Kolsky bar apparatus was used to observe the cracking behavior of a soda-lime glass and a borosilicate glass in front of the cylindrical projectile with impact velocity of 5 ms(-1). High resolution images of the cracking patterns in front of the projectile were obtained using high intensity synchrotron x-rays and a high speed camera system. Angular cracking was observed in front of the projectile for borosilicate glass. For soda-lime glass, straight cracking was observed when projectile impacted the specimen. Observed differences in cracking patterns in front of the projectile can be one of the causes of the varying ballistic behavior of the glasses investigated in this study. C1 [Parab, Niranjan D.; Claus, Benjamin J.; Hudspeth, Matthew C.; Black, John T.; Chen, Weinong W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fezzaa, Kamel; Chen, Weinong W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Parab, ND (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, 701 West Stadium Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-149-2 PY 2014 BP 1134 EP 1137 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BC2IL UT WOS:000350969700124 ER PT S AU Hou, WT Lancaster, L Li, DS Bowlus, A Kisailus, D AF Hou, Wenting Lancaster, Louis Li, Dongsheng Bowlus, Ana Kisailus, David BE McKittrick, JM Narayan, R TI SYNTHESIS OF HIGHLY BRANCHED ZINC OXIDE NANOWIRES SO ADVANCES IN BIOCERAMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGIES II SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology CY JUN 02-06, 2013 CL Coronado, CA ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; ZNO NANOSTRUCTURES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; NANORODS; GROWTH; ORIENTATION; DEVICES AB Biological mineralizing processes demonstrate how Nature can produce elegant structures through controlled organic-mineral interactions. These organics are often used to control shape, size and orientation of mineral. Based on inspiration from Nature, which often use organic-mineral or organic-ion interactions to control crystallization processes, we utilize an organic agent, Ethylenediamine (EDA), as a mineralizer to inhibit rapid hydrolysis and condensation of ZnO, and thus control crystal growth behavior. Through adjusting various parameters, such as precursor concentration as well as the molar ratio of the inorganic precursor and organic ligands, we were able to produce highly branched ZnO nanostructures, which is very promising for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We also investigate the mechanism of this branching event. C1 [Hou, Wenting; Lancaster, Louis; Li, Dongsheng; Bowlus, Ana; Kisailus, David] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Li, Dongsheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, WT (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-118-77158-7; 978-1-118-77139-6 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2014 VL 247 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BC2PZ UT WOS:000351211400003 ER PT B AU Kenney, KL Hess, JR Stevens, NA Smith, WA Bonner, IJ Muth, DJ AF Kenney, Kevin L. Hess, J. Richard Stevens, Nathan A. Smith, William A. Bonner, Ian J. Muth, David J. BE Bisaria, VS Kondo, A TI Biomass Logistics SO BIOPROCESSING OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES TO COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORN STOVER HARVEST; STORAGE; AVAILABILITY; FEEDSTOCKS; REMOVAL; LOSSES AB Understanding biomass feedstock logistics and the design of biomass feedstock supply systems requires that one understand how each logistics operation affects feedstock cost, quality, and quantity metrics. With feedstock cost being a significant barrier to the economics of biofuel and bioproduct production, it tends to be the main focus of feedstock supply system design. In this case, feedstock quantity and quality are generally considered as constraints on the system rather than main objectives of feedstock supply system design. This chapter presents a methodology for quantifying the impact of logistics parameters on feedstock cost in order to identify and rank supply system barriers. These effects are presented in terms of statistical parameters of sensitivity, uncertainty, and influence. Discussion of these three analysis parameters will show that though feedstock cost is the primary outcome; feedstock cost and quality constraints are manifest in the form of uncertainty. Further, the sources of uncertainty are identified, and logistics solutions are discussed. Finally, we conclude that successful supply system designs and effective biomass logistics systems must control uncertainty to be successful. C1 [Kenney, Kevin L.; Hess, J. Richard] Idaho Natl Lab, Energy Syst & Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Stevens, Nathan A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Mat & Phys Secur, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Smith, William A.; Bonner, Ian J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Biofuels & Renewable Energy Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Muth, David J.] Praxik LLC, Ames, IA USA. RP Kenney, KL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Energy Syst & Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-84539-4; 978-1-118-17583-5 PY 2014 BP 29 EP 42 D2 10.1002/9781118845394 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BC3KC UT WOS:000351687900003 ER PT B AU Stickel, JJ Elander, RT McMillan, JD Brunecky, R AF Stickel, Jonathan J. Elander, Richard T. McMillan, James D. Brunecky, Roman BE Bisaria, VS Kondo, A TI Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass SO BIOPROCESSING OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES TO COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRETREATED CORN STOVER; DILUTE-SULFURIC-ACID; ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASES; HIGH-SOLIDS CONCENTRATIONS; ACETYL XYLAN ESTERASE; CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS; MECHANISTIC MODEL; WHEAT-STRAW; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; TRICHODERMA-REESEI AB Enzymatic hydrolysis is the central technology in a prototypical biochemical conversion process. Preceded by pretreatment and followed by microbial or inorganic catalyst conversion, enzymatic hydrolysis is the process that liberates monomeric sugars from the structural carbohydrates, cellulose, and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic biomass. In order for a biochemical conversion process to be economically viable, enzymatic hydrolysis must produce sugars at high yields and at reasonable conversion rates using a minimum of input energy and chemicals (including hydrolytic enzymes). This chapter reviews research and development efforts to improve enzymatic hydrolysis technology, with particular emphasis on enzyme systems, operation at high solids concentrations, process modeling, and process integration. The development of more active enzyme systems, improved biomass conversion process technology and integration, and more efficient enzyme production systems (as reviewed in Chapter 5) have dramatically improved the economics of enzymatic hydrolysis over the past decade, and commercial biorefineries incorporating enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass are anticipated within the next few years. C1 [Stickel, Jonathan J.; Elander, Richard T.; McMillan, James D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Brunecky, Roman] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Stickel, JJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 114 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-84539-4; 978-1-118-17583-5 PY 2014 BP 77 EP 103 D2 10.1002/9781118845394 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BC3KC UT WOS:000351687900005 ER PT B AU Biswas, R Persad, A Bisaria, VS AF Biswas, Ranjita Persad, Abhishek Bisaria, Virendra S. BE Bisaria, VS Kondo, A TI Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes SO BIOPROCESSING OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES TO COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY; SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE; TRICHODERMA-REESEI RUT-C30; CELLULASE-FREE XYLANASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; ACREMONIUM-CELLULOLYTICUS; MELANOCARPUS-ALBOMYCES; XYLANOLYTIC ENZYMES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS AB For the conversion of plant biomass into various bioproducts, a significant bottleneck is enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses to soluble sugars. These sugars are then metabolized through various natural or engineered pathways toward products of interest. The success of projected biorefinery processes depend to a large extent on the economics of hydrolytic enzyme production. Presently, mesophilic fungal strains like Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger produce cellulases at an industrial scale. Various recombinant cellulases have been successfully expressed in industrial strains which can improve the economics due to their high specificities for targeted bioproducts. In addition, designer cellulosomes and xylanosomes are expected to make the hydrolytic enzymes more effective because of efficient surface binding and direct action on lignocelluloses. This chapter describes various genetic and process approaches which have been used to increase the production of cellulase and xylanase enzymes. C1 [Biswas, Ranjita] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Persad, Abhishek; Bisaria, Virendra S.] Indian Inst Technol Delhi, Dept Biochem Engn & Biotechnol, New Delhi, India. RP Biswas, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 133 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-84539-4; 978-1-118-17583-5 PY 2014 BP 105 EP 132 D2 10.1002/9781118845394 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BC3KC UT WOS:000351687900006 ER PT S AU Roth, PC AF Roth, Philip C. BE Mey, DA Alexander, M Bientinesi, P Cannataro, M Clauss, C Costan, A Kecskemet, G Morin, C Ricci, L Sahuquillo, J Schulz, M Scarano, V Scott, SL Weidendorfer, J TI Tracking a Value's Influence on Later Computation SO EURO-PAR 2013: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop on Parallel Processing (Euro-Par) CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY AB Understanding how a program behaves is important for effective program development, debugging, and optimization, but obtaining the necessary level of understanding is usually a challenging problem. One facet of this problem is to understand how a value (the content of a variable at a particular moment in time) influences other values as the program runs. To help developers understand value influence for their programs, we are developing a tool that allows a user to tag a value as being of interest, and then track the influence of that value as it, or values that were derived from it, are used in later computation, communication, and I/O. We believe that understanding how a value's influence propagates will enable algorithm designers to more easily identify optimizations such as the removal of unnecessary computation and communication. In this paper, we describe our value influence tracking approach and our tool's design and implementation status. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Roth, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-54419-4; 978-3-642-54420-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8374 BP 617 EP 626 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FI UT WOS:000350859500070 ER PT S AU Li, D Lee, S Vetter, JS AF Li, Dong Lee, Seyong Vetter, Jeffrey S. BE Mey, DA Alexander, M Bientinesi, P Cannataro, M Clauss, C Costan, A Kecskemet, G Morin, C Ricci, L Sahuquillo, J Schulz, M Scarano, V Scott, SL Weidendorfer, J TI Evaluating the Viability of Application-Driven Cooperative CPU/GPU Fault Detection SO EURO-PAR 2013: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop on Parallel Processing (Euro-Par) CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY DE fault detection; heterogeneous computing AB Trends in high performance computing are bringing increased heterogeneity among the computational resources within a single machine. The heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms, however, exacerbate resilience problems faced by current large-scale systems. How to design efficient resilience strategies is critical for the wider adoption of heterogeneous platforms for future exascale systems. The conventional resilience strategy for GPU brings significant performance and power overhead, because they employ a one-size-fits-all approach to enforce uniform data protection. In addition, the isolation between CPU and GPU protection loses potential optimization opportunities provided by the heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms. In this paper, we explore the viability of using an application-driven CPU/GPU cooperative method to detect faults occurred on GPU global memory. By selectively protecting application-critical data and leveraging time and space redundancy in CPU to detect faults, we bring only 2.2% performance overhead while capturing more than 90% errors that cause incorrect application results. C1 [Li, Dong; Lee, Seyong; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lid1@ornl.gov; lees2@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-54419-4; 978-3-642-54420-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8374 BP 670 EP 679 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FI UT WOS:000350859500076 ER PT S AU DeBardeleben, N Blanchard, S Monroe, L Romero, P Grunau, D Idler, C Wright, C AF DeBardeleben, Nathan Blanchard, Sean Monroe, Laura Romero, Phil Grunau, Daryl Idler, Craig Wright, Cornell BE Mey, DA Alexander, M Bientinesi, P Cannataro, M Clauss, C Costan, A Kecskemet, G Morin, C Ricci, L Sahuquillo, J Schulz, M Scarano, V Scott, SL Weidendorfer, J TI GPU Behavior on a Large HPC Cluster SO EURO-PAR 2013: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop on Parallel Processing (Euro-Par) CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY DE graphics processing units; high performance computing; reliability; acceptance testing; fault-tolerance; resilience; error correction AB We discuss observed characteristics of GPUs deployed as accelerators in an HPC cluster at Los Alamos National Laboratory. GPUs have a very good theoretical FLOPS rate, and are reasonably inexpensive and available, but they are relatively new to HPC, which demands both consistently high performance across nodes and consistently low error rate. We modified a standard acceptance procedure to test GPU performance, error rate and reliability characteristics, and ran the test suite on a Fermi HPC cluster at LANL. We discuss here our methodology for this testing, and present results relevant to the deployment of GPUs in an HPC environment. In this paper we show performance variability, power usage variability (possibly related), and some reliability concerns on the GPUs tested. We argue for rigorous testing of these devices in deployment as a way of characterizing their behavior. C1 [DeBardeleben, Nathan; Blanchard, Sean; Monroe, Laura; Romero, Phil; Grunau, Daryl; Idler, Craig; Wright, Cornell] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP DeBardeleben, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ndebard@lanl.gov; seanb@lanl.gov; lmonroe@lanl.gov; prr@lanl.gov; dwg@lanl.gov; cwi@lanl.gov; cornell@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-54419-4; 978-3-642-54420-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8374 BP 680 EP 689 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FI UT WOS:000350859500077 ER PT S AU Widener, PM Ferreira, KB Levy, S Bridges, PG Arnold, D Brightwell, R AF Widener, Patrick M. Ferreira, Kurt B. Levy, Scott Bridges, Patrick G. Arnold, Dorian Brightwell, Ron BE Mey, DA Alexander, M Bientinesi, P Cannataro, M Clauss, C Costan, A Kecskemet, G Morin, C Ricci, L Sahuquillo, J Schulz, M Scarano, V Scott, SL Weidendorfer, J TI Asking the Right Questions: Benchmarking Fault-Tolerant Extreme-Scale Systems SO EURO-PAR 2013: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop on Parallel Processing (Euro-Par) CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY AB Much recent research has explored fault-tolerance mechanisms intended for current and future extreme-scale systems. Evaluations of the suitability of checkpoint-based solutions have typically been carried out using relatively uncomplicated computational kernels designed to measure floating point performance. More recent investigations have added scaled-down "proxy" applications to more closely match the composition and behavior of deployed ones. However, the information obtained from these studies (whether floating point performance or application runtime) is not necessarily of the most value in evaluating resilience strategies. We observe that even when using a more sophisticated metric, the information available from evaluating uncoordinated checkpointing using both microbenchmarks and proxy applications does not agree. This implies that not only might researchers be asking the wrong questions, but that the answers to the right ones might be unexpected and potentially misleading. We seek to open a discussion on whether benchmarks designed to provide predictable performance evaluations of HPC hardware and toolchains are providing the right feedback for the evaluation of fault-tolerance in these applications, and more generally on how benchmarking of resilience mechanisms ought to be approached in the exascale design space. C1 [Widener, Patrick M.; Ferreira, Kurt B.; Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Levy, Scott; Bridges, Patrick G.; Arnold, Dorian] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Widener, PM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM patrick.widener@sandia.gov; kbferre@sandia.gov; slevy@cs.unm.edu; bridges@cs.unm.edu; darnold@cs.unm.edu; rbbrigh@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-54419-4; 978-3-642-54420-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8374 BP 717 EP 726 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FI UT WOS:000350859500081 ER PT S AU Naughton, T Bohm, S Engelmann, C Vallee, G AF Naughton, Thomas Boehm, Swen Engelmann, Christian Vallee, Geoffroy BE Mey, DA Alexander, M Bientinesi, P Cannataro, M Clauss, C Costan, A Kecskemet, G Morin, C Ricci, L Sahuquillo, J Schulz, M Scarano, V Scott, SL Weidendorfer, J TI Using Performance Tools to Support Experiments in HPC Resilience SO EURO-PAR 2013: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop on Parallel Processing (Euro-Par) CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY AB The high performance computing (HPC) community is working to address fault tolerance and resilience concerns for current and future large scale computing platforms. This is driving enhancements in the programming environments, specifically research on enhancing message passing libraries to support fault tolerant computing capabilities. The community has also recognized that tools for resilience experimentation are greatly lacking. However, we argue that there are several parallels between "performance tools" and "resilience tools". As such, we believe the rich set of HPC performance-focused tools can be extended (repurposed) to benefit the resilience community. In this paper, we describe the initial motivation to leverage standard HPC performance analysis techniques to aid in developing diagnostic tools to assist fault tolerance experiments for HPC applications. These diagnosis procedures help to provide context for the system when the errors (failures) occurred. We describe our initial work in leveraging an MPI performance trace tool to assist in providing global context during fault injection experiments. Such tools will assist the HPC resilience community as they extend existing and new application codes to support fault tolerance. C1 [Naughton, Thomas; Boehm, Swen; Engelmann, Christian; Vallee, Geoffroy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Naughton, Thomas] Univ Reading, Sch Syst Engn, Reading, Berks, England. RP Naughton, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM naughtont@ornl.gov; bohms@ornl.gov; engelmannc@ornl.gov; valleegr@ornl.gov OI Boehm, Swen/0000-0003-2902-4906 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-54419-4; 978-3-642-54420-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8374 BP 727 EP 736 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FI UT WOS:000350859500082 ER PT S AU Huang, B Sass, R DeBardeleben, N Blanchard, S AF Huang, Bin Sass, Ron DeBardeleben, Nathan Blanchard, Sean BE Mey, DA Alexander, M Bientinesi, P Cannataro, M Clauss, C Costan, A Kecskemet, G Morin, C Ricci, L Sahuquillo, J Schulz, M Scarano, V Scott, SL Weidendorfer, J TI PyDac: A Resilient Run-Time Framework for Divide-and-Conquer Applications on a Heterogeneous Many-Core Architecture SO EURO-PAR 2013: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop on Parallel Processing (Euro-Par) CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY DE Heterogeneous Many-core Architecture; FPGA; Runtime System; Resilience AB Heterogeneous many-core architectures that consist of big cores and small cores promise a good balance between single-thread performance and multi-thread throughput. Such systems impose challenges on the runtime system design. One such challenge is the reliability of the hardware and it is likely that the runtime system will need to contain faults and reduce the chance of a fault from propagating. We propose a Python-based run-time framework called PyDac. PyDac supports a two-level programming model based on the divide-andconquer strategy. This framework isolates all of data that a small core is working on. Therefore, a faulty small core can be reset independently and the task restarted. To test this run-time, an unconventional heterogeneous architecture consisting of PowerPC and ARM cores was emulated on an FPGA. We demonstrate feasibility of this runtime design with Strassen's algorithm. C1 [Huang, Bin; Sass, Ron] Univ N Carolina, Reconfigurable Comp Syst Lab, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [DeBardeleben, Nathan; Blanchard, Sean] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, High Performance Comp Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Reconfigurable Comp Syst Lab, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM bhuang2@uncc.edu; rsass@uncc.edu; ndebard@lanl.gov; seanb@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-54419-4; 978-3-642-54420-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8374 BP 845 EP 854 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FI UT WOS:000350859500095 ER PT S AU Oldfield, RA Davidson, G Ulmer, C Wilson, A AF Oldfield, Ron A. Davidson, George Ulmer, Craig Wilson, Andrew BE Mey, DA Alexander, M Bientinesi, P Cannataro, M Clauss, C Costan, A Kecskemet, G Morin, C Ricci, L Sahuquillo, J Schulz, M Scarano, V Scott, SL Weidendorfer, J TI Investigating the Integration of Supercomputers and Data-Warehouse Appliances SO EURO-PAR 2013: PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Workshop on Parallel Processing (Euro-Par) CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL Aachen, GERMANY AB Two decades of experience with massively parallel supercomputing has given insight into the problem domains where these architectures are cost effective. Likewise experience with database machines and more recently massively parallel database appliances has shown where these architectures are valuable. Combining both architectures to simultaneously solve problems has received much less attention. In this paper, we describe a motivating application for economic modeling that requires both HPC and database capabilities. Then we discuss hardware and software integration issues related to a direct integration of a Cray XT supercomputer and a Netezza database appliance. C1 [Oldfield, Ron A.; Davidson, George; Ulmer, Craig; Wilson, Andrew] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Oldfield, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM raoldfi@sandia.gov; gsdavid@sandia.gov; cdulmer@sandia.gov; atwilso@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-54419-4; 978-3-642-54420-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8374 BP 855 EP 864 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FI UT WOS:000350859500096 ER PT S AU Katoh, Y Snead, MA Shih, C Porter, WD Snead, LL Burchell, TD AF Katoh, Yutai Snead, Mary A. Shih, Chunghao Porter, Wally D. Snead, Lance L. Burchell, Timothy D. BE Tzelepi, N Carroll, M TI Applicability and Limitations of Miniature Specimens for Properties Determination of Fine-Grained Graphite SO GRAPHITE TESTING FOR NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST SPECIMEN VOLUME AND GEOMETRY AND THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST SPECIMEN POPULATION SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Graphite Testing for Nuclear Applications - The Significance of Test Specimen Volume and Geometry and the Statistical Significance of Test Specimen Population CY SEP 19-20, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP ASTM Int Comm D02 Petr Prod Liquid Fuels & Lubricants & Subcommittee D02.F0 Manufactured Carbon & Graphite Prod DE graphite; nuclear materials; small specimens test technology; mechanical properties; physical properties AB The ability to determine mechanical, physical, and thermal properties using small-volume specimens is essential for development and qualification of nuclear materials for which the neutron-irradiated properties need to be established in a timely and cost-effective manner. This is particularly the case if one considers the small irradiation volume in fission materials test reactors and the limited availability of radiological test facilities that can handle the high-radioactivity and high-contamination potentials of nuclear materials. Historically, applicability of small-volume test specimens has been limited for nuclear graphite primarily by the sizes of particles and intrinsic defects in the as-fabricated materials in relation with the critical dimensions of the test specimens, in particular, for mechanical properties. However, this is often no longer the case for the more recent superfine-grained nuclear graphite grades in which the typical maximum grain sizes range from 15 to 50 mu m. In this paper, recent studies undertaken at Oak Ridge National Laboratory on the influences of specimen geometry and dimensions on several properties of the fine-grained nuclear graphite of various grades in unirradiated and non-oxidized condition are reported. The properties to be discussed include bulk density, dynamic Young's modulus, flash thermal diffusivity, uniaxial and equibiaxial flexural strength, uniaxial compressive strength, and uniaxial tensile strength. Moreover, statistical aspects of the strength are discussed. Limitations to the specimen dimensions for these properties are discussed in relation with the recommendation in the current ASTM test standards. C1 [Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Mary A.; Shih, Chunghao; Porter, Wally D.; Snead, Lance L.; Burchell, Timothy D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM katohy@ornl.gov RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017 OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7601-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1578 BP 65 EP 83 DI 10.1520/STP157820130147 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BC2QC UT WOS:000351219100003 ER PT S AU Burchell, T McDuffee, J Thoms, K AF Burchell, Tim McDuffee, Joel Thoms, Ken BE Tzelepi, N Carroll, M TI Small Specimen Data from a High Temperature HFIR Irradiation Experiment SO GRAPHITE TESTING FOR NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST SPECIMEN VOLUME AND GEOMETRY AND THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST SPECIMEN POPULATION SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Graphite Testing for Nuclear Applications - The Significance of Test Specimen Volume and Geometry and the Statistical Significance of Test Specimen Population CY SEP 19-20, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP ASTM Int Comm D02 Petr Prod Liquid Fuels & Lubricants & Subcommittee D02.F0 Manufactured Carbon & Graphite Prod DE graphite; carbon; nuclear; physical properties AB The HTV capsule is a High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) target-rod capsule designed to operate at very high temperatures. The graphite containing section of the capsule (in core) is approximately 18 in. (457.2 mm) long and is separated into eight temperature zones. The specimen diameters within each zone are set to achieve the desired gas gap and hence design temperature (900, 1200, or 1500 degrees C). The capsule has five zones containing 0.400 in. (10.16 mm) diameter specimens, two zones containing 0.350 in. (8.89 mm) diameter specimens and one zone containing 0.300 in. (7.62 mm) diameter specimens. The zones have been distributed within the experiment to optimize the gamma heating from the HFIR core as well as minimize the axial heat flow in the capsule. Consequently, there are two 900 degrees C zones, three 1200 degrees C zones, and three 1500 degrees C zones within the HTV capsule. Each zone contains nine specimens 0.210 +/- 0.002 in. (5.334 mm) in length. The capsule will be irradiated to a peak dose of 3.17 displacements per atom. The HTV specimens include samples of the following graphite grades: SGL Carbon's NBG-17 and NBG-18, GrafTech's PCEA, Toyo Tanso's IG-110, Mersen's 2114, and the reference grade H-451 (SGL Carbon). As part of the pre-irradiation program, the specimens were characterized using ASTM Standards C559 for bulk density, and ASTM C769 for approximate Young's modulus from the sonic velocity. The probe frequency used for the determination of time of flight of the ultrasonic signal was 2.25 MHz. Marked volume (specimen diameter) effects were noted for both bulk density (increased with increasing specimen volume or diameter) and dynamic Young's modulus (decreased with increasing specimen volume or diameter). These trends are extended by adding the property versus diameter data for unirradiated AGC-1 creep specimens (nominally 12.5 mm-diameter by 25.4 mm-length). The relatively large reduction in dynamic Young's modulus was surprising given the trend for increasing density with increasing volume. The graphite-filler particle size was noted to be influential in the volume dependency data, with finer grained graphites showing the least specimen volume/diameter effect. Here the volume dependency trends are discussed in terms of the graphite's filler-particle size and texture. C1 [Burchell, Tim; McDuffee, Joel; Thoms, Ken] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burchell, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Burchell, Tim/E-6566-2017 OI Burchell, Tim/0000-0003-1436-1192 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7601-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1578 BP 172 EP 185 DI 10.1520/STP157820130121 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BC2QC UT WOS:000351219100008 ER PT S AU Swank, WD Windes, WE AF Swank, W. David Windes, W. E. BE Tzelepi, N Carroll, M TI Specimen Size Effects in the Determination of Nuclear Grade Graphite Thermal Diffusivity SO GRAPHITE TESTING FOR NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST SPECIMEN VOLUME AND GEOMETRY AND THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TEST SPECIMEN POPULATION SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Graphite Testing for Nuclear Applications - The Significance of Test Specimen Volume and Geometry and the Statistical Significance of Test Specimen Population CY SEP 19-20, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP ASTM Int Comm D02 Petr Prod Liquid Fuels & Lubricants & Subcommittee D02.F0 Manufactured Carbon & Graphite Prod DE graphite; thermal diffusivity; laser flash ID FLASH METHOD AB Understanding the effects of radiation on nuclear grade graphite requires complex experiment design with specific specimen geometries. These geometries are not always optimal for the various testing and measurement standards used to characterize the graphite before and after irradiation. In this work, geometry constraints of specimens for laser flash determination of thermal diffusivity are investigated. The laser flash technique depends on the assumption of one dimensional adiabatic heat conduction between two of the specimen surfaces. As test temperatures rise above 400 degrees C, radiation heat loss from all surfaces becomes significant and must be accounted for through modeling. Experiments were performed using industrial grade AXF-5Q graphite and nuclear grade graphite, PCEA, NBG-18, and Gilso, to understand the limits of the common radiation heat loss correction models used for laser flash diffusivity testing. From this data, a maximum specimen diameter to thickness ratio is presented. This testing limitation, along with the limited volume available in irradiation experiments, drives the specimen diameter and thickness to be minimized. As the specimen thickness is reduced, the significance of the graphite inhomogeneity and high thermal conductance influence on measurement uncertainty must be considered. Due to the relatively high thermal conductivity of graphite, thin specimens can result in low thermal transit times. Furthermore, as the thickness of the sample approaches two or three times the size of filler grain material used in the graphite, the thin specimen may not represent the homogeneous bulk material. This effect as well as ambiguity in the exact arrival time of the laser energy due to finite laser pulse widths is investigated for a lower limit on specimen thickness. C1 [Swank, W. David; Windes, W. E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Swank, WD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7601-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1578 BP 186 EP 198 DI 10.1520/STP157820130143 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Optics GA BC2QC UT WOS:000351219100009 ER PT S AU Seitz, A Biswas, K Childs, K Carbary, L Serino, R AF Seitz, Aaron Biswas, Kaushik Childs, Kenneth Carbary, Lawrence Serino, Roland BE Stovall, TK Whitaker, T TI High-Performance External Insulation and Finish System Incorporating Vacuum Insulation Panels-Foam Panel Composite and Hot Box Testing SO NEXT-GENERATION THERMAL INSULATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Next Generation Thermal Insulation Challenges and Opportunities CY OCT 23-24, 2013 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASTM Int Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE EIFS; VIP; heat flow meter; hot box AB An exterior building facade system that provides high thermal resistance in a relatively thin profile is proposed. The design concept incorporates insulation modules constructed from vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) within protective thermoplastic foam. These modules can be substituted in place of standard expanded polystyrene panels used in existing exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFSs). In addition to providing some additional thermal resistance, the foam serves to protect the vacuum panels during construction and to provide a surface appropriate for an adhesive joint on both sides of the foam-VIP unit. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory helped optimize the process by measuring the thermal transmission of prototype VIP/foam composites and testing wall configurations in a guarded hot-box apparatus. Two concepts in construction were tested in full-scale hot-box testing in an Oak Ridge National Laboratory facility. The first concept was one of maximum flexibility and VIP protection, and the second was one of minimum necessary protection flexibility but maximum practical performance. The major conclusions of the project can be summarized as follows: (1) It may be possible to develop a wall with an overall performance of R30 or greater with multiple VIP arrangements as shown by heat flow meter and heat flux mapping data. (2) The configurations with the highest thermal resistance are those that maximize VIP coverage. (3) A VIP encapsulated in a foam block, of material similar to what is in use today, could be used as a substitute in an EIFS facade system to gain high thermal efficiency in a thin profile. (4) Infrared imaging shows that fumed silica core VIP panels have a higher thermal resistance than foam insulation only, even in punctured sections. C1 [Seitz, Aaron; Carbary, Lawrence] Dow Corning Corp, Midland, MI 48686 USA. [Biswas, Kaushik; Childs, Kenneth] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Serino, Roland] Dryvitt Syst Inc, West Warwick, RI 02893 USA. RP Seitz, A (reprint author), Dow Corning Corp, POB 994, Midland, MI 48686 USA. OI Biswas, Kaushik/0000-0002-4177-6230 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7593-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1574 BP 81 EP 100 DI 10.1520/STP157420130093 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BC2OL UT WOS:000351134500008 ER PT S AU Stovall, T AF Stovall, Therese BE Stovall, TK Whitaker, T TI Evaluation of Homogeneity Qualification Criteria in the Accelerated Aging of Closed-Cell Foam Insulation, Results after Five Years of Full-Thickness Aging SO NEXT-GENERATION THERMAL INSULATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Next Generation Thermal Insulation Challenges and Opportunities CY OCT 23-24, 2013 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASTM Int Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE accelerated aging; foam insulation; homogeneity AB The thermal conductivity of many closed-cell foam insulation products changes over time as production gases diffuse out of the cell matrix and atmospheric gases diffuse into the cells. Thin slicing has been shown to be effective in accelerating this process in such a way as to produce meaningful results. One of the challenges for this test method is determining whether a foam product is sufficiently homogenous so that the accelerated prediction accurately reflects the aging of the full-thickness product. A related question is whether or not thin slices extracted from one product thickness can accurately predict the aged thermal conductivity for the same product in a different thickness. Qualification criteria were developed for the prescriptive version of the ASTM C1303 standard test method to ensure that predicted thermal conductivity results would be acceptably accurate. A ruggedness test (a "test the test" process) was initiated to examine multiple test parameters, and to determine whether these qualification criteria were adequate. This test program included the aging of full size insulation specimens for time periods of 5 years for direct comparison to the predicted results. The test program has been completed, and this report discusses the accuracy of the 5-year thermal conductivity prediction for various levels of the homogeneity and alternate product thickness qualification criteria. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stovall, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7593-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1574 BP 173 EP 188 DI 10.1520/STP157420130104 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BC2OL UT WOS:000351134500014 ER PT S AU Ahmad, D Min, BH Lee, JH Kim, GC Kim, YC Kwon, YS AF Ahmad, D. Min, B. H. Lee, J. H. Kim, G. C. Kim, Y. C. Kwon, Yong Seung BE Farinon, S Pallecchi, I Malagoli, A Lamura, G TI Analysis of peak effect in the critical current density and flux pinning properties in iron based superconducting Ca-10(Pt4As8)(Fe2-xPtxAs2)(5) single crystal SO 11TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS2013), PTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS) CY SEP 15-19, 2013 CL Genoa, ITALY ID CREEP AB We present the magnetic properties of the iron based superconducting Ca-10(Pt4As8)(Fe2-xPtx As-2)(5) (x = 0.01) single crystal as a function of field and time. The single crystals were grown by Bridgman method and showed T-c of 32 K. The results show that the well-known secondary peak effect becomes prominent in certain temperature range in the field dependent magnetic hysteresis. Moreover, the maximum of pinning force density F-max versus H-max follows a scaling law F-p,F-max approximate to 49.5H(max)(3/2) indicating the single type pinning mechanism is involved in the sample within our measured temperature range. The time dependence of the magnetization indicates thermally activated flux motion and the relaxation rate reveals a plateau in the temperature region where secondary peak effect is more prominent after that a sudden increase is observed. We found that the magnetization dependence of activation energy U obtained by Maley's method follows a power law in low temperature region with exponent mu = 0.15 which is in good agreement with collective pinning theory. C1 [Ahmad, D.; Kwon, Yong Seung] DGIST, Dept Emerging Mat Sci, Daegu 711873, South Korea. [Ahmad, D.; Min, B. H.; Kwon, Yong Seung] DGIST, DGIST LBNL Joint Res Ctr, Daegu 711873, South Korea. [Min, B. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, J. H.; Kim, G. C.; Kim, Y. C.] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan 609735, South Korea. RP Ahmad, D (reprint author), DGIST, Dept Emerging Mat Sci, Daegu 711873, South Korea. EM yskwon@dgist.ac.kr NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 507 AR 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/507/1/012027 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2EY UT WOS:000350818300027 ER PT S AU Marezio, M Chmaissem, O Bougerol, C Karppinen, M Yamauchi, H Geballe, TH AF Marezio, M. Chmaissem, O. Bougerol, C. Karppinen, M. Yamauchi, H. Geballe, T. H. BE Farinon, S Pallecchi, I Malagoli, A Lamura, G TI High-T-c Superconducting Cuprates, (Ce,Y)(s)O2s-2Sr2(Cu2.75Mo0.25)O6+delta: T-c-increase with apical Cu-O decrease at constant Cu-O planar distance SO 11TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS2013), PTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS) CY SEP 15-19, 2013 CL Genoa, ITALY ID COPPER OXIDES AB Evidence for high-T-c cuprate superconductivity is found in a region of the phase diagram where non-superconducting Fermi liquid metals are expected. Cu valences estimated independently from both XANES measurements and bond valence sum calculations are greater than 2.25 and are in close agreement with each other for structures of the homologous series given in the title with s = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Two questions arise from the present perspective: 1) Is all the action in the CuO2 layers? 2) Is there superconductivity beyond the usual dome? The record short apical oxygen distance found in the homologous series especially in the s = 1 member, at odds with the current theory, suggests the possibility of a new pairing mechanism. The apical Cu-O distance in the s = 1 member decreases upon oxygenation from 2.29 to 2.15 angstrom while the Cu valence increases to 2.45 angstrom. C1 [Marezio, M.] CNRS, CRETA, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Chmaissem, O.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bougerol, C.] CEA CNRS, Inst Neel, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Karppinen, M.; Yamauchi, H.] Aalto Univ, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. [Geballe, T. H.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Marezio, M (reprint author), CNRS, CRETA, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. EM massimo.marezio@grenoble.cnrs.fr RI Karppinen, Maarit/G-8035-2012; Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015 OI Bougerol, Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 507 AR 012031 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/507/1/012031 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2EY UT WOS:000350818300031 ER PT S AU Quaranta, O Cecil, T Gades, L Miceli, A AF Quaranta, O. Cecil, T. Gades, L. Miceli, A. BE Farinon, S Pallecchi, I Malagoli, A Lamura, G TI Mitigation of position dependence in x-rays absorbers for Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors SO 11TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (EUCAS2013), PTS 1-4 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS) CY SEP 15-19, 2013 CL Genoa, ITALY AB The currently available microcalorimeter technologies are all affected by the difficulty of multiplexing large numbers of pixels (>1000). Microwave kinetic inductance detectors, on the other hand, are intrinsically highly multiplexible. We have recently shown that it is possible to use a superconducting resonator as a thermometer for a microcalorimeter (TKID). The moderate sensitivity of the resonator of a TKID requires a low heat capacity absorber (e.g. like Tantalum, Tin) in order to achieve sufficient signal to noise and absorption efficiency. These materials are often characterized by poor thermalization properties, which give rise to a position dependent response. In this work we introduce a new design solution based on a bilayer of Tantalum and Gold grown on a perforated SiN island that provides better thermalization properties and reduces the position dependence, while maintaining a small total heat capacity. C1 [Quaranta, O.; Cecil, T.; Gades, L.; Miceli, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Quaranta, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM oquaranta@anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 507 AR 042033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/507/4/042033 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC2EY UT WOS:000350818300201 ER PT S AU Li, YW Vogel, T Wuest, T Landau, DP AF Li, Ying Wai Vogel, Thomas Wuest, Thomas Landau, David P. GP IOP TI A new paradigm for petascale Monte Carlo simulation: Replica exchange Wang-Landau sampling SO 25TH IUPAP CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS (CCP2013) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IUPAP Annual Conference on Computational Physics (CCP) CY AUG 20-24, 2013 CL Russian Acad Sci, Moscow, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Landau Inst Theoret Phys, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, European Phys Soc, Div Computat Phys American Phys Soc, Russian Fnd Basic Res, Russian Acad Sci, Dept Phys Sci, RSC Grp Co HO Russian Acad Sci ID PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; ALGORITHM AB We introduce a generic, parallel Wang-Land at method that is naturally suited to implementation on massively parallel, petaflop supercomputers. The approach introduces a replica-exchange framework in which densities of states for overlapping sub-windows in energy space are determined iteratively by traditional Wang-Landau sampling. The advantages and general applicability of the method are demonstrated for several distinct systems that possess discrete or continuous degrees of freedom, including those with complex free energy landscapes and topological constraints. C1 [Li, Ying Wai; Vogel, Thomas; Landau, David P.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Li, Ying Wai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vogel, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wuest, Thomas] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. RP Li, YW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yingwai.li@mailaps.org OI Vogel, Thomas/0000-0003-0205-3205 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 510 AR 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/510/1/012012 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA BC1NS UT WOS:000350296800012 ER PT S AU Anderson, B Lane, T Hash, C AF Anderson, Blake Lane, Terran Hash, Curtis BE Blockeel, H VanLeeuwen, M Vinciotti, V TI Malware Phylogenetics Based on the Multiview Graphical Lasso SO ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS XIII SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA) CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2014 CL Fac Club, Leuven, BELGIUM HO Fac Club DE Gaussian Graphical Models; Malware; Multiview Learning ID EXECUTABLES AB Malware phylogenetics has gained a lot of traction over the past several years. More recently, researchers have begun looking at directed acyclic graphs (DAG) to model the evolutionary relationships between samples of malware. Phylogenetic graphs offer analysts a better understanding of how malware has evolved by clearly illustrating the lineage of a given family. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm based on graphical lasso. We extend graphical lasso to incorporate multiple views, both static and dynamic, of malware. For each program family, a convex combination of the views is found such that the objective function of graphical lasso is maximized. Learning the weights of each view on a per-family basis, as opposed to treating all views as an extended feature vector, is essential in the malware domain because different families employ different obfuscation strategies which limits the information of different views. We demonstrate results on three malicious families and two benign families where the ground truth is known. C1 [Anderson, Blake; Hash, Curtis] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM banderson@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-12571-8; 978-3-319-12570-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8819 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FJ UT WOS:000350861600001 ER PT S AU Turcotte, M Heard, N Neil, J AF Turcotte, Melissa Heard, Nicholas Neil, Joshua BE Blockeel, H VanLeeuwen, M Vinciotti, V TI Detecting Localised Anomalous Behaviour in a Computer Network SO ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS XIII SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA) CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2014 CL Fac Club, Leuven, BELGIUM HO Fac Club ID INTRUSION DETECTION AB Temporal monitoring of computer network data for statistical anomalies provides a means for detecting malicious intruders. The high volumes of traffic typically flowing through these networks can make detecting important changes in structure extremely challenging. In this article, agile algorithms which readily scale to large networks are provided, assuming conditionally independent node and edge-based statistical models. As a first stage, changes in the data streams arising from edges (pairs of hosts) in the network are detected. A second stage analysis combines any anomalous edges to identify more general anomalous substructures in the network. The method is demonstrated on the entire internal computer network of Los Alamos National Laboratory, comprising approximately 50,000 hosts, using a data set which contains a real, sophisticated cyber attack. This attack is quickly identified from amongst the huge volume of data being processed. C1 [Turcotte, Melissa; Neil, Joshua] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ACS PO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Turcotte, Melissa] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Heard, Nicholas] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Heard, Nicholas] Univ Bristol, Heilbronn Inst, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP Turcotte, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ACS PO, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-12571-8; 978-3-319-12570-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8819 BP 321 EP 332 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC2FJ UT WOS:000350861600028 ER PT J AU Pokorny, R Kruger, AA Hrma, P AF Pokorny, Richard Kruger, Albert A. Hrma, Pavel TI MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF COLD CAP: EFFECT OF BUBBLING ON MELTING RATE SO CERAMICS-SILIKATY LA English DT Article DE Glass melting; Glass foaming; Waste vitrification; Cold cap; Bubbling ID GLASS MELTER FEED; THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; HEAT-CONDUCTIVITY; BATCH; CONVERSION; FOAM AB The rate of melting is a primary concern in the vitrification of radioactive wastes because it directly influences the life cycle of nuclear waste cleanup efforts. To increase glass melting performance, experimental and industrial all-electric waste glass melters employ various melt-rate enhancement techniques, the most prominent being the application of bubblers submerged into molten glass. This study investigates various ways in which bubbling affects melting rate in a waste glass melter. Using the recently developed cold cap model, we suggest that forced convection of molten glass, which increases the cold cap bottom temperature, is the main factor. Other effects, such as stirring the feed into molten glass or reducing the insulating effect of foaming, also play a role. C1 [Pokorny, Richard] Prague Inst Chem Technol, Dept Chem Engn, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Kruger, Albert A.] US DOE, Off River Protect, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hrma, Pavel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pokorny, R (reprint author), Prague Inst Chem Technol, Dept Chem Engn, CR-16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic. EM Richard.Pokorny@vscht.cz FU U.S. Department of Energy's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant Federal Project Office; specific university research (MSMT) [20/2014] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant Federal Project Office under the direction of Dr. Albert A. Kruger. Richard Pokorny acknowledges financial support from the specific university research (MSMT No 20/2014). The authors are grateful to Jaehun Chun for insightful discussions and Dong-Sang Kim for kindly providing the diagram shown in Figure 3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU INST CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, DEPT GLASS CERAMICS PI PRAGUE PA TECHNICKA 5, PRAGUE 166 28, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0862-5468 EI 1804-5847 J9 CERAM-SILIKATY JI Ceram.-Silik. PY 2014 VL 58 IS 4 BP 296 EP 302 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CD2RW UT WOS:000350927700008 ER PT J AU Dai, ZX Middleton, R Viswanathan, H Fessenden-Rahn, J Bauman, J Pawar, R Lee, SY McPherson, B AF Dai, Zhenxue Middleton, Richard Viswanathan, Hari Fessenden-Rahn, Julianna Bauman, Jacob Pawar, Rajesh Lee, Si-Yong McPherson, Brian TI An Integrated Framework for Optimizing CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STORAGE CAPACITY; TRANSPORT; MEDIA; SCALE; FLOW AB CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a technique for commercially producing oil from depleted reservoirs by injecting CO2 along with water. Because a large portion of the injected CO2 remains in place, CO2-EOR is an option for permanently sequestering CO2. This study develops a generic integrated framework for optimizing CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery based on known parameter distributions for a depleted oil reservoir in Texas. The framework consists of a multiphase reservoir simulator coupled with geologic and statistical models. An integrated simulation of CO2 - water-oil flow and reactive transport is conducted, followed by a global sensitivity and response surface analysis, for optimizing the CO2-EOR process. The results indicate that the reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, and depth are the major intrinsic reservoir parameters that control net CO2 injection/storage and oil/gas recovery rates. The distance between injection and production wells and the sequence of alternating CO2 and water injection are the significant operational parameters for designing a five-spot CO2-EOR pattern that efficiently produces oil while storing CO2. The results from this study provide useful insights for understanding the potential and uncertainty of commercial-scale CO2 sequestrations with a utilization component. C1 [Dai, Zhenxue; Middleton, Richard; Viswanathan, Hari; Bauman, Jacob; Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fessenden-Rahn, Julianna] Los Alamos Natl Lab, SAS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lee, Si-Yong; McPherson, Brian] Univ Utah, Energy & Geosci Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RP Dai, ZX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci EES 16, Earth & Environm Sci Div, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daiz@lanl.gov RI McPherson, Brian/M-4734-2016; OI McPherson, Brian/0000-0002-3836-2651; Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Dai, Zhenxue/0000-0002-0805-7621 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work is part of Phase III of the SWRP CO2-EOR/Storage Project that is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Brian Coats of the Coats Engineering, Inc., for reviewing and discussing our multiphase model setup. We are grateful to the four anonymous reviewers and Associate Editor William Arnold for the constructive comments that led to an improved manuscript. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 1 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1021/ez4001033 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD1JH UT WOS:000350830700011 ER PT J AU Zhu, MQ Northrup, P Shi, CY Billinge, SJL Sparks, DL Waychunas, GA AF Zhu, Mengqiang Northrup, Paul Shi, Chenyang Billinge, Simon J. L. Sparks, Donald L. Waychunas, Glenn A. TI Structure of Sulfate Adsorption Complexes on Ferrihydrite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; IRON-OXIDES; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ACID WATERS; EDGE XANES; GOETHITE; MECHANISMS; INTERFACE AB Sulfate adsorption on mineral surfaces is an important environmental chemical process. However, the structure of sulfate adsorption complexes has remained uncertain. In this study, we have determined the S-Fe distance of sulfate inner-sphere adsorption complexes on iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide (ferrihydrite) surfaces under air-dried conditions using sulfur K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and differential X-ray pair distribution function analysis. Both approaches indicate that the S-Fe interatomic distance of the sulfate adsorption complexes is 3.22-3.25 angstrom, suggesting that sulfate forms bidentate-binuclear adsorption complexes on ferrihydrite surfaces. Outer-sphere complexes are also observed using infrared spectroscopic analysis. This finding clarifies the long-standing debate over the structure of sulfate adsorption complexes and has important implications for understanding the chemistry of sulfate at environmental interfaces. C1 [Zhu, Mengqiang; Waychunas, Glenn A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhu, Mengqiang] Univ Wyoming, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Northrup, Paul] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Shi, Chenyang; Billinge, Simon J. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sparks, Donald L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Sparks, Donald L.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Waychunas, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gawaychunas@lbl.gov RI shi, chenyang/A-9119-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecular Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center - DOE-BES [DE-SC0001085]; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES), via Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Work in the Billinge group was supported by the Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency through Molecular Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by DOE-BES via Grant DE-SC0001085. M.Z. thanks Drs. Dalton Belchior Abdala, Xionghan Feng, and Wei Li of the University of Delaware for the stimulating discussion on S EXAFS collection and analyses and Dr. Pavol Juhas of Brookhaven National Laboratory for his help with theoretical d-PDF calculation. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. M.Z. thanks Drs. Matthew Latimer and Erik Nelson at SSRL for their help on the S EXAFS data collection at BL 4-3. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the DOE-BES under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 and the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, supported by U.S. DOE-BES under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 15 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2328-8930 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 1 IS 1 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1021/ez400052r PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CD1JH UT WOS:000350830700020 ER PT J AU Liu, C Yang, PD AF Liu, Chong Yang, Peidong TI Introductory lecture: Systems materials engineering approach for solar-to-chemical conversion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRIVEN HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; WATER REDUCTION; EFFICIENCIES AB Solar-to-chemical (STC) production using a fully integrated system is an attractive goal, but to-date there has yet to be a system that can demonstrate the required efficiency or durability, or could be manufactured at a reasonable cost. One can learn a great deal from the natural photosynthesis where the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates is routinely carried out at a highly coordinated system level. There are several key features worth mentioning in these systems: spatial and directional arrangement of the light-harvesting components; charge separation and transport; as well as the desired chemical conversion at catalytic sites in compartmentalized spaces. In order to design an efficient artificial photosynthetic materials system, at the level of the individual components better catalysts need to be developed, new light-absorbing semiconductor materials will need to be discovered, architectures will need to be designed for effective capture and conversion of sunlight, and more importantly, processes need to be developed for the efficient coupling and integration of the components into a complete artificial photosynthetic system. C1 [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu OI Liu, Chong/0000-0001-5546-3852 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 12 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2014 VL 176 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1039/c4fd00264d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CD2GX UT WOS:000350894400001 PM 25639766 ER PT J AU Zeng, ZY Liang, WI Chu, YH Zheng, HM AF Zeng, Zhiyuan Liang, Wen-I. Chu, Ying-Hao Zheng, Haimei TI In situ TEM study of the Li-Au reaction in an electrochemical liquid cell SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; PHASE-TRANSITION; ANODE MATERIALS; CO OXIDATION; NANOSCALE; GROWTH; MICROBATTERIES; VISUALIZATION AB We study the lithiation of a Au electrode in an electrochemical liquid cell using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The commercial liquid electrolyte for lithium ion batteries (1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 dissolved in 1 : 1 (v/v) ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC)) was used. Three distinct types of morphology change during the reaction, including gradual dissolution, explosive reaction and local expansion/shrinkage, are observed. It is expected that significant stress is generated from lattice expansion during lithium-gold alloy formation. There is vigorous bubble formation from electrolyte decomposition, likely due to the catalytic effect of Au, while the bubble generation is less severe with titanium electrodes. There is an increase of current in response to electron beam irradiation, and electron beam effects on the observed electrochemical reaction are discussed. C1 [Zeng, Zhiyuan; Liang, Wen-I.; Zheng, Haimei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liang, Wen-I.; Chu, Ying-Hao] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Zheng, Haimei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zheng, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmzheng@lbl.gov RI zeng, zhiyuan/G-7571-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008 OI zeng, zhiyuan/0000-0001-7483-1438; Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Council in Taiwan [NSC102-2911-I-009-502]; DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program FX We used both the MSD TEM facility and TEAM0.5 and CM200 microscopes at the National Center for Electron Microscopy (NCEM) of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. W.L. is supported by the National Science Council in Taiwan under contract number NSC102-2911-I-009-502. H.Z. thanks the support of the DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program. We thank Direct Electron, LP (San Diego, CA) for providing the high speed direct electron camera model DE-12 for movie capture. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2014 VL 176 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1039/c4fd00145a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CD2GX UT WOS:000350894400007 PM 25597983 ER PT J AU Chang, SH Connell, JG Danilovic, N Subbaraman, R Chang, KC Stamenkovic, VR Markovic, NM AF Chang, Seo Hyoung Connell, Justin G. Danilovic, Nemanja Subbaraman, Ram Chang, Kee-Chul Stamenkovic, Vojislav R. Markovic, Nenad M. TI Activity-stability relationship in the surface electrochemistry of the oxygen evolution reaction SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCATALYSIS; OXIDES; TRENDS; WATER AB Understanding the functional links between the stability and reactivity of oxide materials during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one key to enabling a vibrant hydrogen economy capable of competing with fossil fuel-based technologies. In this work, by focusing on the surface chemistry of monometallic Ru oxide in acidic and alkaline environments, we found that the kinetics of the OER are almost entirely controlled by the stability of the Ru surface atoms. The same activity-stability relationship was found for more complex, polycrystalline and single-crystalline SrRuO3 thin films in alkaline solutions. We propose that the electrochemical transformation of either water (acidic solutions) or hydroxyl ions (alkaline solutions) to di-oxygen molecules takes place at defect sites that are inherently present on every electrode surface. During the OER, surface defects are also created by the corrosion of the Ru ions. The dissolution is triggered by the potential-dependent change in the valence state (n) of Ru: from stable but inactive Ru4+ to unstable but active Run>4+. We conclude that if the oxide is stable then it is completely inactive for the OER. A practical consequence is that the best materials for the OER should balance stability and activity in such a way that the dissolution rate of the oxide is neither too fast nor too slow. C1 [Chang, Seo Hyoung; Connell, Justin G.; Danilovic, Nemanja; Subbaraman, Ram; Chang, Kee-Chul; Stamenkovic, Vojislav R.; Markovic, Nenad M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nmmarkovic@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Use of the Advanced Photon Source and Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2014 VL 176 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1039/c4fd00134f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CD2GX UT WOS:000350894400009 PM 25490237 ER PT J AU Yuan, GB Agiral, A Pellet, N Kim, W Frei, H AF Yuan, Guangbi Agiral, Anil Pellet, Norman Kim, Wooyul Frei, Heinz TI Inorganic core-shell assemblies for closing the artificial photosynthetic cycle SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER CHROMOPHORE; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; MESOPOROUS SILICA; VISIBLE-LIGHT; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; WATER OXIDATION; CO3O4 NANOTUBES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER AB Co oxide (Co3O4) nanotubes are shown to act as an efficient water oxidation catalyst when driven with a visible light sensitizer (pH 7). The nanotubes form the core of a Co3O4-SiO2 core-shell nanotube design for separating the carbon dioxide photoreduction from the oxygen evolution reaction. Amorphous dense phase silica of a few nanometers depth is shown to conduct protons while blocking molecular oxygen. Organic molecular wires embedded in the silica shell provide controlled charge transport between the light absorber on one side and the Co3O4 catalyst on the other side. Hence, the silica shell is suitable as a membrane of an assembly for closing the photosynthetic cycle on the nanometer scale under product separation. C1 [Yuan, Guangbi; Agiral, Anil; Pellet, Norman; Kim, Wooyul; Frei, Heinz] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HMFrei@lbl.gov RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Geological and Biosciences of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy; Netherland Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical, Geological and Biosciences of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Portions of this work (plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition, e-beam evaporation, ellipsometry) were performed as a User Project at The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors acknowledge the support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. A. Agiral acknowledges the Netherland Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for a Rubicon Fellowship. We acknowledge Prof. Han Sen Soo, Nanyang University of Technology, Singapore, for his research contribution at the early stages of the work reported in this paper. NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2014 VL 176 BP 233 EP 249 DI 10.1039/c4fd00150h PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CD2GX UT WOS:000350894400016 PM 25430968 ER PT J AU Zhao, YX Nardes, AM Zhu, K AF Zhao, Yixin Nardes, Alexandre M. Zhu, Kai TI Mesoporous perovskite solar cells: material composition, charge-carrier dynamics, and device characteristics SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 FILMS; ORGANOMETAL HALIDE PEROVSKITES; INORGANIC HOLE CONDUCTOR; PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; NANOPOROUS TIO2; EFFICIENT; RECOMBINATION; CH3NH3PBI3; DEPOSITION AB We report on our investigations on charge transport and recombination in TiO2-based mesoporous solar cells using PbI2 and various perovskite compositions, including CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbI2Br, CH3NH3PbIBr2, and CH3NH3PbBr3. The mesoporous TiO2 film is about 650 nm thick. Electron microscopy measurements show that no perovskite capping layer is formed on the top surface of the TiO2 film. Intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopies show that the electron diffusion coefficient and recombination lifetime are governed by the underlying mesoporous TiO2 film and thus do not depend on the perovskite composition. However, replacing the perovskite absorber with PbI2 leads to a diffusion coefficient that is about a factor of 5 slower than that in perovskite-based devices. We also find that TiCl4 treatment of the mesoporous TiO2 film prior to device fabrication substantially reduces the charge recombination kinetics in mesoporous perovskite solar cells. C1 [Zhao, Yixin; Nardes, Alexandre M.; Zhu, Kai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhu, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Kai.Zhu@nrel.gov RI Zhao, Yixin/D-2949-2012; Nardes, Alexandre/C-8556-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program [DE-AC36-08G028308]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX We acknowledge the support by the U.S. Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program under Contract no. DE-AC36-08G028308. K.Z. acknowledges the support on the charge transport and recombination studies by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC36-08G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 51 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2014 VL 176 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1039/c4fd00128a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CD2GX UT WOS:000350894400020 PM 25407110 ER PT S AU Chylek, LA Wilson, BS Hlavacek, WS AF Chylek, Lily A. Wilson, Bridget S. Hlavacek, William S. BE Corey, SJ Kimmel, M Leonard, JN TI Modeling Biomolecular Site Dynamics in Immunoreceptor Signaling Systems SO SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACH TO BLOOD SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cell signaling; Immunoreceptor signaling; Mathematical/computational modeling; Rule-based modeling; TCR; BCR; IgE receptor; LAT; Multisite phosphorylation; Aggregation ID RULE-BASED MODELS; FC-EPSILON-RI; REACTION NETWORK GENERATION; CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; VISUAL INTERFACE; KINETIC-MODELS; BIOLOGY; PHOSPHORYLATION AB The immune system plays a central role in human health. The activities of immune cells, whether defending an organism from disease or triggering a pathological condition such as autoimmunity, are driven by the molecular machinery of cellular signaling systems. Decades of experimentation have elucidated many of the biomolecules and interactions involved in immune signaling and regulation, and recently developed technologies have led to new types of quantitative, systems-level data. To integrate such information and develop nontrivial insights into the immune system, computational modeling is needed, and it is essential for modeling methods to keep pace with experimental advances. In this chapter, we focus on the dynamic, site-specific, and context-dependent nature of interactions in immunoreceptor signaling (i.e., the biomolecular site dynamics of immunoreceptor signaling), the challenges associated with capturing these details in computational models, and how these challenges have been met through use of rule-based modeling approaches. C1 [Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chylek, Lily A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wilson, Bridget S.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hlavacek, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop K710,T-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lac269@cornell.edu; bwilson@salud.unm.edu; wish@lanl.gov OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [P50 GM085273] NR 111 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4939-2095-2; 978-1-4939-2094-5 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2014 VL 844 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-2095-2 PG 18 WC Biology; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BC1SY UT WOS:000350414400014 PM 25480645 ER PT J AU Dorfler, F Dhople, SV Johnson, BB Hamadeh, A AF Doerfler, Florian Dhople, Sairaj V. Johnson, Brian B. Hamadeh, Abdullah GP IEEE TI Synchronization of Nonlinear Circuits in Dynamic Electrical Networks SO 2014 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Control Conference (ECC) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FRANCE SP ICube lab, MathWorks, Groupement Rech Modeling, Anal & Control Dynam Syst, Siemens, Natl Ctr Sci Res, INRIA HO Univ Strasbourg ID SYSTEMS; OSCILLATORS; PASSIVITY AB Synchronization of coupled oscillators is a pervasive theme of multi-disciplinary research. Focused on circuit-theoretic applications, in this paper, we derive sufficient conditions for global asymptotic synchronization in a system of identical nonlinear circuits coupled through linear time-invariant (LTI) electrical networks. The nonlinear circuits are composed of a parallel combination of passive LTI circuit elements and a nonlinear voltage-dependent current source with finite gain. The terminals of the nonlinear circuits are coupled through LTI networks characterized by either identical per-unit-length impedances or identical effective impedances between any two terminals. This setup is motivated by a recently proposed control strategy for inverters in microgrids. We analyze synchronization by means of an input-output analysis of a coordinate-transformed system that emphasizes signal differences. To apply the synchronization analysis to a broad class of networks, we leverage recent results on Kron reduction-a circuit reduction and transformation procedure that reveals the interactions of the nonlinear circuits. We illustrate our results with simulations in networks of coupled Chua's circuits. C1 [Doerfler, Florian] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Dhople, Sairaj V.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Johnson, Brian B.] Power Syst Engn Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Hamadeh, Abdullah] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dorfler, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM dorfler@SEAS.UCLA.EDU; sdhople@UMN.EDU; brian.johnson@NREL.GOV; ahamadeh@MIT.EDU NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-9524269-1-3 PY 2014 BP 552 EP 557 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BC1BM UT WOS:000349955700091 ER PT J AU Chang, YH Tomlin, C AF Chang, Young Hwan Tomlin, Claire GP IEEE TI Reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks with Hidden Nodes SO 2014 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Control Conference (ECC) CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Univ Strasbourg, Strasbourg, FRANCE SP ICube lab, MathWorks, Groupement Rech Modeling, Anal & Control Dynam Syst, Siemens, Natl Ctr Sci Res, INRIA HO Univ Strasbourg ID IDENTIFICATION; OPTIMIZATION; BIOLOGY; MODELS AB In studying biological systems, identifying the underlying gene regulatory networks from data has been important and will continue to affect the study of gene regulatory networks. We consider the problem of reconstructing the network structure from observed data, and in turn uncovering the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed behaviors. A key challenge inherent in the network reconstruction problem comes from the necessity to deal with noisy and partial measurements. In previous work [1], we have proposed a method based on compressive sensing (CS) for reconstructing a sparse network structure, without any a priori information of connectivity, based on the time-series gene expression data. In this paper, we extend our previous work to consider a more general problem in which there might be hidden nodes which affect system dynamics. Then, we ask whether it is still possible to reconstruct the graph structure reliably when the dynamics of a certain node is corrupted by arbitrarily large errors and in addition, all the measurements are contaminated by measurement noise. We show that we can infer the graph structure by solving a two-stage convex optimization problem and demonstrate our studies with numerical example to illustrate its performance. C1 [Chang, Young Hwan; Tomlin, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tomlin, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, YH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yhchang@berkeley.edu; tomlin@eecs.berkeley.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-9524269-1-3 PY 2014 BP 1492 EP 1497 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BC1BM UT WOS:000349955701131 ER PT S AU Dede, E Sendir, B Kuzlu, P Weachock, J Govindaraju, M Ramakrishnan, L AF Dede, E. Sendir, B. Kuzlu, P. Weachock, J. Govindaraju, M. Ramakrishnan, L. BE Kesselman, C Chen, P Jain, H TI A Processing Pipeline for Cassandra Datasets Based on Hadoop Streaming SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIG DATA (BIGDATA CONGRESS) SE IEEE International Congress on Big Data LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Congress on Big Data CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2014 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Serv Comp, Serv Soc, Cloud Comp, BIG DATA, HP, IBM, SAP, IBM Res, HUAWEI, Object Management Grp, Business Proc Integrat & Management, IT Profess, Int Journal Web Serv Res, Computing Now, IEEE Transact Serv Comp AB The progressive transition in the nature of both scientific and industrial datasets has been the driving force behind the development and research interests in the NoSQL data model. Loosely structured data poses a challenge to traditional data store systems, and when working with the NoSQL model, these systems are often considered impractical and expensive. As the quantity of unstructured data grows, so does the demand for a processing pipeline that is capable of seamlessly combining the NoSQL storage model and a "Big Data" processing platform such as MapReduce. Although, MapReduce is the paradigm of choice for data-intensive computing, Java-based frameworks such as Hadoop require users to write MapReduce code in Java. Hadoop Streaming, on the other hand, allows users to define non-Java executables as map and reduce operations. Similarly, for legacy C/C++ applications and other non-Java executables, there is a need to allow NoSQL data stores access to the features of Hadoop Streaming. In this paper, we present approaches in solving the challenge of integrating NoSQL data stores with MapReduce for non-Java application scenarios, along with advantages and disadvantages of each approach. We compare Hadoop Streaming alongside our own streaming framework, MARISSA, to show performance implications of coupling NoSQL data stores like Cassandra with MapReduce frameworks that normally rely on file-system based data stores. C1 [Dede, E.; Sendir, B.; Kuzlu, P.; Weachock, J.; Govindaraju, M.] SUNY Binghamton, Grid & Cloud Comp Res Lab, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Ramakrishnan, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dede, E (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Grid & Cloud Comp Res Lab, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM edede1@binghamton.edu; bsendir1@binghamton.edu; pkuzlu1@binghamton.edu; jweacho1@binghamton.edu; mgovinda@binghamton.edu; lramakrishnan@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2379-7703 BN 978-1-4799-5057-7 J9 IEEE INT CONGR BIG PY 2014 BP 168 EP 175 DI 10.1109/BigData.Congress.2014.32 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC1JN UT WOS:000350154200022 ER PT S AU Li, TL Raicu, I Ramakrishnan, L AF Li, Tonglin Raicu, Ioan Ramakrishnan, Lavanya BE Kesselman, C Chen, P Jain, H TI Scalable State Management for Scientific Applications in the Cloud SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIG DATA (BIGDATA CONGRESS) SE IEEE International Congress on Big Data LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Congress on Big Data CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2014 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Serv Comp, Serv Soc, Cloud Comp, BIG DATA, HP, IBM, SAP, IBM Res, HUAWEI, Object Management Grp, Business Proc Integrat & Management, IT Profess, Int Journal Web Serv Res, Computing Now, IEEE Transact Serv Comp DE Data management; state management; provenance; cloud computing; scientific computing ID PROVENANCE; SYSTEM AB The data generated by scientific simulations and experimental facilities is beginning to revolutionize the infrastructure support needed by these applications. The ondemand aspect and flexibility of cloud computing environments makes it an attractive platform for dataintensive scientific applications. However, cloud computing poses unique challenges for these applications. For example, cloud computing environments are heterogeneous, dynamic and non-persistent which can make reproducibility a challenge. The volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value of data combined with the characteristics of cloud environment make it important to track the state of execution data and application's entire lifetime information to understand and ensure reproducibility. This paper proposes and implements a state management system (FRIEDA-State) for high-throughput and data-intensive scientific applications running in cloud environments. Our design addresses the challenges of state management in cloud environments and offers various configurations. Our implementation is built on top of FRIEDA (Flexible Robust Intelligent Elastic Data Management), a data management and execution framework for cloud environments. Our experiment results on two cloud test beds (FutureGrid and Amazon) show that the proposed solution has a minimal overhead (1.2ms/ operation at a scale of 64 virtual machines) and is suitable for state management in cloud environments. C1 [Li, Tonglin; Raicu, Ioan] IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Raicu, Ioan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ramakrishnan, Lavanya] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, TL (reprint author), IIT, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM tli13@hawk.iit.edu; iraicu@cs.iit.edu; lramakrishnan@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2379-7703 BN 978-1-4799-5057-7 J9 IEEE INT CONGR BIG PY 2014 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1109/BigData.Congress.2014.37 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC1JN UT WOS:000350154200027 ER PT S AU Macduff, M Beus, S Lee, B AF Macduff, Matt Beus, Sherman Lee, Benno BE Kesselman, C Chen, P Jain, H TI Versioning Complex Data SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIG DATA (BIGDATA CONGRESS) SE IEEE International Congress on Big Data LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Congress on Big Data CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2014 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Serv Comp, Serv Soc, Cloud Comp, BIG DATA, HP, IBM, SAP, IBM Res, HUAWEI, Object Management Grp, Business Proc Integrat & Management, IT Profess, Int Journal Web Serv Res, Computing Now, IEEE Transact Serv Comp DE version; curation AB The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program is collecting and storing data daily since 1992. New and updated data are continuously added to the data store resulting in a history of data changes that are not readily apparent or easy to document. Users are notified when updated data is available but the reason for the update is difficult to find. The ability to assign a version to the data provides a simple handle for adding further documentation. The software versioning processes did not appear to be a good fit because of the volume and frequency of changes. But by assigning a version number to a set of files and establishing conditions for changing the sets, we created a model that appears to be manageable. As a test, we applied it to the historical ARM data set. Our results showed that with some domain specific adjustments we were able to automatically generate a reasonable set of versions for ARM data. Further, we believe this method could be applied in other complex data domains. C1 [Macduff, Matt; Beus, Sherman] PNNL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Lee, Benno] RPI, Troy, NY USA. RP Macduff, M (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM matt.macduff@pnnl.gov; sherman.beus@pnnl.gov; benno.m.lee@gmail.com FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility FX This research was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2379-7703 BN 978-1-4799-5057-7 J9 IEEE INT CONGR BIG PY 2014 BP 788 EP 791 DI 10.1109/BigData.Congress.2014.124 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC1JN UT WOS:000350154200115 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Smith, JM Rasool, HI Zettl, A Alivisatos, AP AF Chen, Qian Smith, Jessica M. Rasool, Haider I. Zettl, Alex Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Studies of the dynamics of biological macromolecules using Au nanoparticle-DNA artificial molecules SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRAPHENE LIQUID CELLS; RESOLUTION; RADIATION; GROWTH; WATER AB The recent development of graphene liquid cells, a nanoscale version of liquid bubble wrap, is a breakthrough for in situ liquid phase electron microscopy (EM). Using ultrathin graphene sheets as the liquid sample container, graphene liquid cells have allowed the unprecedented atomic resolution observation of solution phase growth and dynamics of nanocrystals. Here we explore the potential of this technique to probe nanoscale structure and dynamics of biomolecules in situ, using artificial Au nanoparticle-DNA artificial molecules as model systems. The interactions of electrons with both the artificial molecules and the liquid environment have been demonstrated and discussed, revealing both the opportunities and challenges of using graphene liquid cell EM as a new method of bio-imaging. C1 [Chen, Qian; Smith, Jessica M.; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Qian; Smith, Jessica M.; Rasool, Haider I.; Zettl, Alex; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Qian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Miller Inst Basic Res Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rasool, Haider I.; Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alivisatos, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alivis@berkeley.edu RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [HDTRA1-13-1-0035]; National Science Foundation within the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems [EEC-0832819]; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science at UC Berkeley; Agilent Technologies Applications and Core Technology University Research Grant FX This research was supported in part by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under award HDTRA1-13-1-0035, which provided for in situ TEM experiments, as well as DNA-Au nanoparticle sample preparation; by the National Science Foundation within the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, under Grant EEC-0832819, which provided for early development of graphene lamination methods. Q.C. was supported by a Miller fellowship from Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science at UC Berkeley. J.S. was supported by Agilent Technologies Applications and Core Technology University Research Grant. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2014 VL 175 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1039/c4fd00149d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CC4MU UT WOS:000350328300014 PM 25430862 ER PT S AU Ueno, S Lin, HT Ohji, T AF Ueno, Shunkichi Lin, Hua-Tay Ohji, Tatsuki BE Zhang, L Jiang, D TI PHASE STABILITIES AND CORROSION/RECESSION PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH SILICATES UNDER HIGH SPEED STEAM JET SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES 8: CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS, VOL 248 SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites Conference (HTCMC) CY SEP 22-26, 2013 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA ID RECESSION BEHAVIOR; SILICON-NITRIDE; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; LU2SI2O7; EBC AB In this paper, the phase stabilities and corrosion/recession properties of the rare earth silicates under high speed steam jet environment at high temperatures were reported and discussed. Results of steam jet corrosion study showed that the Lu2Si2O7 phase decomposed into Lu2SiO5 phase at 1300 degrees C. However, the formed Lu2SiO5 phase at 1300 degrees C decomposed back into Lu2Si2O7 at 1500 degrees C. On the other hand, no phase change occurs in Lu2SiO5 phase up to 1500 degrees C under high speed steam jet environment. These experimental results can be explained by hypotheses of competitive decomposition reaction between these two phases and by considering of the formation of liquid phase with silica rich composition on the grain surface. The formed liquid phase removed by high speed steam jet during the exposure test. The phase stabilities of Yb2Si2O7 and Yb2SiO5 phases were almost same to that of Lu2Si2O7 and Lu2SiO5 phases. In the point of view of phase stability, mono-silicate phase is more stable than di-silicate and Yb2SiO5 phase is more stable than Lu2SiO5 phase at high temperature under steam jet environment. Nonetheless, on the application of rare earth silicate phases as environment barrier coating (EBC) layer, the oxidation of the silicon nitrate substrate due to gas path through the EBC layer is very important issue that needs to be addressed and overcome. C1 [Ueno, Shunkichi] Nihon Univ, Coll Engn, Koriyama, Fukushima 9638642, Japan. [Lin, Hua-Tay] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ohji, Tatsuki] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Adv Mfg Res Inst, Moriyama Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4638687, Japan. RP Ueno, S (reprint author), Nihon Univ, Coll Engn, Tokusada Nakagawahara 1, Koriyama, Fukushima 9638642, Japan. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-118-93301-5; 978-1-118-93298-8 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2014 VL 248 BP 579 EP 588 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BC1EG UT WOS:000350039800067 ER PT B AU Loyola, BR Arronche, L LaFord, M La Saponara, V Loh, KJ AF Loyola, Bryan R. Arronche, Luciana LaFord, Marianne La Saponara, Valeria Loh, Kenneth J. GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE DETECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 16-18, 2013 CL Snowbird, UT SP ASME, Aerospace Div, Gen Motors, Dynalloy Inc, Parker Hannifin, Teledyne Sci & Imag, IOP Publish, Sage Publish, NextGen Aeronaut, Natl Sci Fdn, Boeing, GE Global Res ID IMPACT DAMAGE; STRAIN; CARBON; RECONSTRUCTION; SENSORS; IDENTIFICATION; COMPOSITES; POLYMERS; PLATES AB In the United States, many civil, aerospace, and military aircraft are nearing the end of their service life. Many of these service life predictions were determined by models that were created at the time of the design of the structure, possibly decades ago. As a precaution, these structures are inspected on a regular basis with techniques that tend to be expensive and laborious, such as tear-down inspections of aircraft. To complicate matters, new complex materials have been incorporated in recent structures to take advantage of their desirable properties, but these materials sustain damage in a manner that is different from that of past monolithic materials. One example is fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, which are heterogeneous, direction-dependent, and tend to manifest damage internal to their laminate structure, thus making the detection of this damage nearly impossible. For these reasons, numerous groups have focused on developing sensors that can be applied to or embedded within these structures to detect this damage. Some of the most promising of these approaches include using piezoelectric materials as passive or active ultrasonic sensors and actuators, fiber optic-based sensors to measure strain and detect cracking, and carbon nanotube-based sensors that can detect strain and cracking. These are mostly point-based sensors that are accurate at the location of application but require interpolative methods to ascertain the structural health elsewhere on the structure. To conduct direct damage detection across a structure, we have coupled the ability to deposit a carbon nanotube thin film across large substrates with a spatially distributed electrical conductivity measurement methodology called electrical impedance tomography. As indicated by previous research on carbon nanotube thin films, the electrical conductivity of these films changes when subjected to strain or become damaged. Our structural health monitoring strategy involves monitoring for changes in electrical conductivity across an applied CNT thin film, which would indicate damage. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of the Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) methodology to detect, locate, size, and determine severity of damage from impact events subjected to glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This will demonstrate the value and effectiveness of this next-generation structural health monitoring approach. C1 [Loyola, Bryan R.; LaFord, Marianne] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Arronche, Luciana; La Saponara, Valeria] Univ Calif, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Davis, CA USA. [Loh, Kenneth J.] Univ Calif, Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA USA. RP Loyola, BR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Loh, Kenneth/P-3218-2016 OI Loh, Kenneth/0000-0003-1448-6251 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5604-8 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T05A017 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science GA BC1BH UT WOS:000349928200041 ER PT B AU Mistri, GK Suthar, KJ AF Mistri, Gayatri K. Suthar, Kamlesh J. GP ASME TI FEM OF COUPLED CHEMO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN INTERVERTEBRAL DISC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 16-18, 2013 CL Snowbird, UT SP ASME, Aerospace Div, Gen Motors, Dynalloy Inc, Parker Hannifin, Teledyne Sci & Imag, IOP Publish, Sage Publish, NextGen Aeronaut, Natl Sci Fdn, Boeing, GE Global Res ID CARTILAGE PROTEOGLYCANS; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; ANNULUS FIBROSUS; PH; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS; ACIDOSIS; NUCLEUS; MODEL AB This paper describes a fully coupled finite element simulation of the chemo-electro-mechanical effect of the swelling characteristic of a human intervertebral disc. The swelling behavior of human intervertebral disc is strongly influenced by various environmental stimuli such as concentration of the mobile ions, fixed charges on fibrous material, and pH of the surrounding bio-fluid. The swelling behavior can be described by three physical partial differential equations. These equations are-Nernst-Plank for chemical species transport, Poisson's for the balanced fixed charges inside the vertebral disc, and mechanical field for balanced osmotic pressure and resulting expansion of the disc. The converged solution of the 2D finite element simulation was achieved by full coupling among these equations in moving mesh domain. The effects of several important physical conditions, such as concentration of mobile ions, pH change in surrounding bio-fluid, electrical charge balance, and the expansion/shrinkage of vertebral disc are simulated. The simulation results are discussed in detail. C1 [Mistri, Gayatri K.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Suthar, Kamlesh J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. RP Mistri, GK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5604-8 PY 2014 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science GA BC1BH UT WOS:000349928200063 ER PT B AU Suthar, KJ Mancini, DC Ghantasala, MK AF Suthar, Kamlesh J. Mancini, Derrick C. Ghantasala, Muralidhar K. GP ASME TI SWELLING CHARACTERISTICS OF 3D-ARBITRARY-GEOMETRY OF THE PHSENSITIVE HYDROGELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 16-18, 2013 CL Snowbird, UT SP ASME, Aerospace Div, Gen Motors, Dynalloy Inc, Parker Hannifin, Teledyne Sci & Imag, IOP Publish, Sage Publish, NextGen Aeronaut, Natl Sci Fdn, Boeing, GE Global Res ID LITHOGRAPHY AB We present our simulation results of swelling responses of the pH-sensitive, 3D-arbitarary-geometry hydrogel in steady state conditions. The swelling responses of the hydrogels to the changes in environmental stimuli such as solution pH are discussed. The finite element simulation uses three nonlinear partial-differential equations for responsible physical phenomena namely- chemical for ionic transport across the hydrogel, electrical for local electric charge balance within hydrogel, and mechanical for expansion of the hydrogel by the Nernst-Planck, the Poisson's, and the mechanical field equations respectively. In the case of pH-sensitive hydrogel, material properties such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio changes with a change in surrounding environments. Finite element analysis used for present study was carried out by full coupling of above three partial-differential equations with variable material properties. Employing a moving mesh method for 3D geometry, the FEM simulation was performed to account for large-swelling of the pH-sensitive hydrogel. This highly nonlinear and computationally intensive simulation was performed using multicore parallel-processing computer. The simulation results using above mentioned strategy has been validated for 2D geometry and results are in agreement with other published experimental results. C1 [Suthar, Kamlesh J.; Mancini, Derrick C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ghantasala, Muralidhar K.] Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Suthar, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM suthar@anl.gov; mancini@anl.gov; m.ghantasala@anl.gov FU DOE/BES [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge the use of the CNM's Carbon cluster, which was supported by DOE/BES under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5604-8 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T02A017 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science GA BC1BH UT WOS:000349928200017 ER PT B AU Suthar, KJ Ghantasala, MK Mancini, DC AF Suthar, Kamlesh J. Ghantasala, Muralidhar K. Mancini, Derrick C. GP ASME TI SIMULATION OF HYDROGEL RESPONSIVENESS TO BLOOD GLUCOSE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME CONFERENCE ON SMART MATERIALS ADAPTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems CY SEP 16-18, 2013 CL Snowbird, UT SP ASME, Aerospace Div, Gen Motors, Dynalloy Inc, Parker Hannifin, Teledyne Sci & Imag, IOP Publish, Sage Publish, NextGen Aeronaut, Natl Sci Fdn, Boeing, GE Global Res ID IN-VIVO; INSULIN DELIVERY; OXIDASE; BIOSENSOR; MEMBRANE; KINETICS; RELEASE; SYSTEMS; SENSOR AB This paper presents the results of our fully coupled, two-dimensional (2D) simulation of the swelling behavior of glucose-sensitive hydrogels at a constant glucose level with change in the surrounding pH. The model consists of a system of glucose-sensitive hydrogel and ionic fluid as a solvent. The hydro gel consists of two enzymes: glucose-oxidase and catalase, which are immobilized on the polymeric network. The surrounding solvent has certain level of glucose. The diffusion of glucose from a solvent and its reaction within the hydrogel are simulated using the Nernst-Planck equation. The local electrical charge is calculated by the Poisson's equation, and deformation of the hydrogel is determined by the mechanical field equation. These equations are fully coupled and simulations are performed for varying pH and glucose concentrations. The glucose concentration was taken at 7.7mM (140mg/mL) and the pH is varied from 6.8 to 7.4. As glucose reacts with oxygen, gluconic acid is produced in the presence of glucose-oxidase. The formation of gluconic acid within the gel results in protonation and thereby causes the hydrogel expansion. The glucose level in the surrounding solution limits diffusion in the hydrogel. As the surrounding solution pH increases the available fixed charged for ionization increases, which results in an increase in maximum equilibrium swelling and gluconic acid as a product of the reaction. The gluconic acid production was found to be proportional to the change in pH. The gluconic acid decreases the internal pH of the hydro gel, which ultimately reduced the deformation of the gel. C1 [Suthar, Kamlesh J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ghantasala, Muralidhar K.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mach & Aero Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Mancini, Derrick C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Phys Sci & Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Suthar, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM suthar@anl.gov; m.ghantasala@wmich.edu; mancini@anl.gov FU U.S. Depattinent of Energy Office of Science laboratory [ACO206CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created under the auspices of UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Depattinent of Energy Office of Science laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-ACO206CH11357. The U.S. government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5604-8 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T02A011 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science GA BC1BH UT WOS:000349928200011 ER PT J AU Martin-Hayden, JM Plummer, M Britt, SL AF Martin-Hayden, James M. Plummer, Mitchell Britt, Sanford L. TI Controls of Wellbore Flow Regimes on Pump Effluent Composition SO GROUNDWATER LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; WELLS; VARIABILITY; GROUNDWATER AB Where well water and formation water are compositionally different or heterogeneous, pump effluent composition will vary due to partial mixing and transport induced by pumping. Investigating influences of purging and sampling methodology on composition variability requires quantification of wellbore flow regimes and mixing. As a basis for this quantification, analytical models simulating Poiseuille flow were developed to calculate flow paths and travel times. Finite element modeling was used to incorporate influences of mixing. Parabolic velocity distributions within the screened interval accelerate with cumulative inflow approaching the pump intake while an annulus of inflowing formation water contracts uniformly to displace an axial cylinder of pre-pumping well water as pumping proceeds. Increased dispersive mixing forms a more diffuse formation water annulus and the contribution of formation water to pump effluent increases more rapidly. Models incorporating viscous flow and diffusion scale mixing show that initially pump effluent is predominantly pre-pumping well water and compositions vary most rapidly. After two screen volumes of pumping, 94% of pump effluent is inflowing formation water. Where the composition of formation water and pre-pumping well water are likely to be similar, pump effluent compositions will not vary significantly and may be collected during early purging or with passive sampling. However, where these compositions are expected to be considerably different or heterogeneous, compositions would be most variable during early pumping, that is, when samples are collected during low-flow sampling. Purging of two screen volumes would be required to stabilize the content and collect a sample consisting of 94% formation water. C1 [Martin-Hayden, James M.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Plummer, Mitchell] Idaho Natl Labs, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Britt, Sanford L.] ProHydro Inc, Rochester, NY 14450 USA. RP Martin-Hayden, JM (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM James.Martin-Hayden@UToledo.edu; Mitchell.Plummer@INL.gov; Sandy.Britt@ProHydroInc.com FU SERDP [ER-1704] FX I extend tremendous gratitude to SERDP (Project ER-1704) for providing the funding that has allowed us to examine wellbore flow in greater detail and investigate the influences on groundwater sample data. Also the excellent suggestions provided by the anonymous reviewers helped clarify this paper greatly. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUNDWATER JI Groundwater PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 1 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1111/gwat.12036 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AZ1CI UT WOS:000347977500011 PM 23496436 ER PT S AU Ivanov, IG Yazdanfar, M Lundqvist, B Chen, JT Hassan, J Stenberg, P Liljedahl, R Son, NT Ager, JW Kordina, O Janzen, E AF Ivanov, Ivan G. Yazdanfar, Milan Lundqvist, Bjorn Chen, Jr-Tai Hassan, Jawad Stenberg, Pontus Liljedahl, Rickard Son, Nguyen T. Ager, Joel W., III Kordina, Olof Janzen, Erik BE Okumura, H Harima, H Kimoto, T Yoshimoto, M Watanabe, H Hatayama, T Matsuura, H Funaki, T Sano, Y TI High-Resolution Raman and Luminescence Spectroscopy of Isotope-Pure (SiC)-Si-28-C-12, Natural and C-13 - Enriched 4H-SIC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2013, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM) CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2013 CL Miyazaki, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Res Inst Appl Sci, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Ceram Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japanese Asso Crystal Growth, Vacuum Soc Japan, MITSUBISHI ELECT CORP, Cree Inc, TOKYO ELECTRON LTD, SICC Sci & Technol Co Ltd, AIXTRON SE, Infineon Technologies, Amer Elements, Lasertec Corp, MIYAZAKI CONVENT & VISITORS BUREAU, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol Int, Exchange Program, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70, Murata Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kyoto Inst Technol Int Exchange Promot Fund, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn, Panasoic Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Dow Corning Corp, DENSO CORP, Toyota Motor Corp, Honda R&D Co Ltd, Hitachi Chem Co Ltd, SHOWA DENKO K K, Fuji Elect Co Ltd, TOSHIBA CORP, Hitachi Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, SHINDENGEN ELECT MFG CO LTD, SICOXS CORP, Sumitomo Corp, SANKEN ELECT CO LTD DE isotope-pure SiC; isotope-enriched SiC; Raman spectroscopy; photoluminescence; bandgap variation with isotope content ID PHONONS; SPECTRA AB The optical properties of isotope-pure (SiC)-Si-28-C-12, natural SiC and enriched with C-13 isotope samples of the 4H polytype are studied by means of Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The phonon energies of the Raman active phonons at the Gamma point and the phonons at the M point of the Brillouin zone are experimentally determined. The excitonic bandgaps of the samples are accurately derived using tunable laser excitation and the phonon energies obtained from the photoluminescence spectra. Qualitative comparison with previously reported results on isotope-controlled Si is presented. C1 [Ivanov, Ivan G.; Yazdanfar, Milan; Lundqvist, Bjorn; Chen, Jr-Tai; Hassan, Jawad; Stenberg, Pontus; Liljedahl, Rickard; Son, Nguyen T.; Kordina, Olof; Janzen, Erik] Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Ager, Joel W., III] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ivanov, IG (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM ivani@ifm.liu.se RI Materials, Semiconductor/I-6323-2013; Ivanov, Ivan G./H-9714-2013; Janzen, Erik/I-5373-2013; Ul Hassan, Jawad/C-7415-2013; Son, Nguyen/C-5551-2013; OI Ivanov, Ivan G./0000-0003-1000-0437; Janzen, Erik/0000-0001-7721-5091; Ul Hassan, Jawad/0000-0001-9537-2226; Son, Nguyen/0000-0002-6810-4282; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 FU Swedish Research Council; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX Support from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2014 VL 778-780 BP 471 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.778-780.471 PG 2 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BA5GD UT WOS:000336634100110 ER PT S AU Ryu, S Capell, C Jonas, C O'Loughlin, M Clayton, J Van Brunt, E Lam, K Richmond, J Kadavelugu, A Bhattacharya, S Burk, A Agarwal, A Grider, D Allen, S Palmour, J AF Ryu, S. Capell, C. Jonas, C. O'Loughlin, M. Clayton, J. Van Brunt, E. Lam, K. Richmond, J. Kadavelugu, A. Bhattacharya, S. Burk, A. Agarwal, A. Grider, D. Allen, S. Palmour, J. BE Okumura, H Harima, H Kimoto, T Yoshimoto, M Watanabe, H Hatayama, T Matsuura, H Funaki, T Sano, Y TI 20 kV 4H-SiC N-IGBTs SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2013, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM) CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2013 CL Miyazaki, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Res Inst Appl Sci, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Ceram Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japanese Asso Crystal Growth, Vacuum Soc Japan, MITSUBISHI ELECT CORP, Cree Inc, TOKYO ELECTRON LTD, SICC Sci & Technol Co Ltd, AIXTRON SE, Infineon Technologies, Amer Elements, Lasertec Corp, MIYAZAKI CONVENT & VISITORS BUREAU, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol Int, Exchange Program, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70, Murata Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kyoto Inst Technol Int Exchange Promot Fund, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn, Panasoic Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Dow Corning Corp, DENSO CORP, Toyota Motor Corp, Honda R&D Co Ltd, Hitachi Chem Co Ltd, SHOWA DENKO K K, Fuji Elect Co Ltd, TOSHIBA CORP, Hitachi Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, SHINDENGEN ELECT MFG CO LTD, SICOXS CORP, Sumitomo Corp, SANKEN ELECT CO LTD DE IGBT; Ultra High Voltage; Bipolar; MOS AB A 1 cm x 1 cm 4H-SiC N-IGBT exhibited a blocking voltage of 20.7 kV with a leakage current of 140 mu A, which represents the highest blocking voltage reported from a semiconductor power switching device to this date. The device used a 160 mu m thick drift layer and a 1 gm thick Field-Stop buffer layer, and showed a V-F of 6.4 V at an I-C of 20 A, and a differential R-on,R-sp of 28 m Omega-cm(2). Switching measurements with a supply voltage of 8 kV were performed, and a turn-off time of 1.1 mu s and turn-off losses of 10.9 mJ were measured at 25 degrees C, for a 8.4 mm x 8.4 mm device with 140 mu m drift layer and 2 mu m F-S buffer layer. The turn-off losses were reduced by approximately 50% by using a 5 mu m F-S buffer layer. A 55 kW, 1.7 kV to 7 kV boost converter operating at 5 kHz was demonstrated using the 4H-SiC N-IGBT, and an efficiency value of 97.8% was reported. C1 [Ryu, S.; Capell, C.; Jonas, C.; O'Loughlin, M.; Clayton, J.; Van Brunt, E.; Lam, K.; Richmond, J.; Burk, A.; Grider, D.; Allen, S.; Palmour, J.] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Kadavelugu, A.; Bhattacharya, S.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. [Agarwal, A.] US DOE, EERE, Washington, DC USA. RP Ryu, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-10-2-0038]; Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AR-0000110] FX Research was sponsored, in part, by the Army Research Laboratory and was accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-10-2-0038, monitored by Dr. C. Scozzie. The information, data, or work presented herein, also was funded, in part, by the Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR-0000110, monitored by Dr. Rajeev Ram and Dr. Timothy Heidel. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2014 VL 778-780 BP 1030 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.778-780.1030 PG 2 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BA5GD UT WOS:000336634100245 ER PT S AU Fleming, PA Gebraad, PMO Churchfield, MJ van Wingerden, JW Scholbrock, AK Moriarty, PJ AF Fleming, P. A. Gebraad, P. M. O. Churchfield, M. J. van Wingerden, J. W. Scholbrock, A. K. Moriarty, P. J. GP IEEE TI Using particle filters to track wind turbine wakes for improved wind plant controls SO 2014 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ACC) SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference CY DEC 04-06, 2014 CL Portland, OR SP American Automat Control Council, Boeing, GE Global Res, Honeywell, MathWorks, Mitsubishi Elect Res Lab, National Instruments, Bosch Grp, dSPACE, Eaton, Elsevier, Inst Engn Technol, Maplesoft Engn Solut, Quanser, Soc Ind Appl Math, Springer, Taylor & Francis Grp, Journal Franklin Inst, Visual Solut, Wiley, Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich, Dept Mech & Proc Engn ID FARM AB Recently there has been interest in the design of wind farm control systems that can coordinate individual turbine controllers to improve global plant performance. This improvement comes from accounting for the way in which turbines interact through wakes. Often however, controllers are designed assuming steady and known environmental conditions, without turbulence or wake meandering. This raises the concern that these methods will fail to perform well in practice because it could be difficult to apply methods based on steady wakes to a situation where wake locations are changing and not measurable. In this paper, a particle filter is used to continually estimate the wake locations in a stochastic setting by combining all of the available turbine measurements. The design of the algorithm is documented, and is shown to employ sensors that are available on modern turbines. Using a high-fidelity wind farm simulator, we show the effectiveness of the proposed framework using several multi-turbine scenarios and compare the wake locations predicted against the wakes observable in flow-field slices taken from the simulator output. C1 [Fleming, P. A.; Churchfield, M. J.; Scholbrock, A. K.; Moriarty, P. J.] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Fleming, PA (reprint author), Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkway, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM paul.fleming@nrel.gov; P.M.O.Gebraad@tudelft.nl OI Fleming, Paul/0000-0001-8249-2544 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4799-3274-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2014 BP 3734 EP 3741 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BB8EX UT WOS:000346492604052 ER PT S AU Vaddula, BR Yalla, S Gonzalez, MA AF Vaddula, Buchi Reddy Yalla, Swathi Gonzalez, Michael A. BE Obare, SO Luque, R TI Opportunities for the Replacement/Minimization of Selective Hazardous Solvents: Applications, Concerns and Approaches To Identify Alternatives SO GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION; SOLID-STATE; PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; COUPLING REACTIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; IONIC LIQUIDS; AMINO ESTERS; GLYCEROL AB The use of hazardous organic solvents in large-scale processes or at the individual user-scale has had tremendous impacts on our environment and human health. To address this, several governmental treaties and regulations have been enacted to minimize the effects of harmful chemical exposure to workers, consumers, and the environment. Additionally, the scientific community has been persistently engaged to provide solutions to these challenges by establishing guidelines, developing alternate methodologies and technologies, and promoting collaborations to reduce or eliminate solvent usage. This chapter details the use of solvents and the methodologies being developed and adopted to tackle these issues. C1 [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yalla, Swathi] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Vaddula, Buchi Reddy; Gonzalez, Michael A.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Vaddula, BR (reprint author), ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gonzalez.michael@epa.gov NR 93 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3018-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1186 BP 69 EP 113 D2 10.1021/bk-2014-1186 PG 45 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BC0ZI UT WOS:000349873600005 ER PT S AU Chatterjee, S Saito, T Rios, O Johs, A AF Chatterjee, Sabornie Saito, Tomonori Rios, Orlando Johs, Alexander BE Obare, SO Luque, R TI Lignin Based Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Applications SO GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LI-ION BATTERIES; LITHIUM INSERTION; OXIDATIVE STABILIZATION; MESOPHASE PITCH; KRAFT LIGNIN; FIBER; ANODES; CARBONIZATION; FRACTIONATION; PRECURSOR AB The implementation of Li-ion battery technology into electric and hybrid electric vehicles and portable electronic devices such as smart phones, laptops and tablets, creates a demand for efficient, economic and sustainable materials for energy storage. However, the high cost and long processing time associated with manufacturing battery-grade anode and cathode materials are two big constraints for lowering the total cost of batteries and environmentally friendly electric vehicles. Lignin, a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry and biorefinery, is one of the most abundant and inexpensive natural biopolymers. It can be efficiently converted to low cost carbon fibers with optimal properties for use as anode materials. Recent developments in the preparation of lignin precursors and conversion to carbon fiber-based anode materials have created a new class of anode materials with excellent electrochemical characteristics suitable for immediate use in existing Li- or Na-ion battery technologies. C1 [Chatterjee, Sabornie; Saito, Tomonori] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rios, Orlando] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Johs, Alexander] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chatterjees@ornl.gov; johsa@ornl.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3018-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1186 BP 203 EP 218 D2 10.1021/bk-2014-1186 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA BC0ZI UT WOS:000349873600011 ER PT S AU Wang, JSY AF Wang, Joseph S. Y. BE Febvre, P DiBorgo, EP CoulieCastellani, K TI Large excavations and multi-disciplinary studies in deep underground laboratories SO I-DUST 2014 - INTER-DISCIPLINARY UNDERGROUND SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SE E3S Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Inter-Disciplinary Underground Science and Technology (i-DUST) CY MAY 05-07, 2014 CL Apt, FRANCE AB Since 2013, we have gathered some information on excavations recently completed, renovated, or planned in Asia, Europe, North and South America. In this review, we presented what we learned on both the large excavations and on multi-disciplinary studies. Large excavations in physics laboratories are driven by the needs associated with designing next generation of experiments to detect rare events. Some existing physics laboratories are interested to use available spaces for geo-sciences studies, including microbiological research for deep life. Summary of recent progress will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, JSY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2267-1242 J9 E3S WEB CONF PY 2014 VL 4 AR 00002 DI 10.1051/e3sconf/20140400002 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Geology; Physics GA BC1CG UT WOS:000349975600001 ER PT J AU Crane, CA Pantoya, ML Saed, MA Weeks, BL AF Crane, Charles A. Pantoya, Michelle L. Saed, Mohammad A. Weeks, Brandon L. TI Utilizing Microwave Susceptors to Visualize Hot-Spots in Trinitrotoluene SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Microwave heating; susceptors; aluminum; graphite; explosives; TNT AB In recent years, researchers have shown that the inclusion of susceptors in monomolecular explosives increases microwave absorption where the monomolecular explosive alone is nearly transparent to the microwave energy. In this study, graphite particles are used to absorb microwave energy and decompose trinitrotoluene 1,3,5 (TNT). Aluminum particles were also used with TNT but very little energy was absorbed. Thermal and electric properties of the susceptor affect microwave energy conversion to thermal energy in explosives. The temperature gradients across the broad face of a cylindrical sample of TNT with and without susceptors were spatially observed using an infrared camera. Hot-spots were observed during 120 seconds exposure to microwave energy at a frequency of 3.3 GHz and found to directly correlate with susceptor concentration. When using graphite, the TNT heated above its melting temperature and decomposed as a vapor. C1 [Crane, Charles A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Crane, Charles A.; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Saed, Mohammad A.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Weeks, Brandon L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Crane, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Weeks, Brandon/P-6331-2014 OI Weeks, Brandon/0000-0003-2552-4129 FU Office of Naval Research [N000141110424] FX The authors are grateful for the support and encouragement from the Office of Naval Research under contract award No. N000141110424. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MECHANICSVILLE PA PO BOX 1140, MECHANICSVILLE, VA 23111 USA SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AP9OA UT WOS:000342407900002 ER PT S AU Nlebedim, IC Jiles, DC AF Nlebedim, I. C. Jiles, D. C. BE Hristoforou, E Vlachos, DS TI Effect of Mg-substitution on the Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite SO MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS FOR SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS III SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Materials and Applications for Sensors and Transducers (IC-MAST) CY SEP 13-17, 2013 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Cobalt ferrite; Magnesium-substitution; Structure; Magnetic properties; Coercivity; Magnetocrystalline anisotropy ID SENSOR AB In this study, we have substituted Mg into cobalt ferrite to investigate the effect on magnetic properties. The effect is different compared to other cation substitution studies on cobalt ferrite. An interesting observation is that the variation of magnetocrystalline anisotropy, due to Mg-substitution, is comparable with increasing Mg concentration. Similar trend was previously reported on the effect of Mg-substitution of the magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite. Coercive field varies more significantly with Mg-substitution. C1 [Nlebedim, I. C.; Jiles, D. C.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nlebedim, IC (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM nlebeidm@iastate.edu; dcjiles@iastate.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 978-3-03835-051-4 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2014 VL 605 BP 287 EP 289 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.605.287 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BB9BF UT WOS:000348035600071 ER PT J AU Laforce, R Tosun, D Ghosh, P Lehmann, M Madison, CM Weiner, MW Miller, BL Jagust, WJ Rabinovici, GD AF Laforce, Robert, Jr. Tosun, Duygu Ghosh, Pia Lehmann, Manja Madison, Cindee M. Weiner, Michael W. Miller, Bruce L. Jagust, William J. Rabinovici, Gil D. TI Parallel ICA of FDG-PET and PiB-PET in three conditions with underlying Alzheimer's pathology SO NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL LA English DT Article DE Multivariate data analysis; Parallel ICA; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid imaging; PiB-PET; FDG-PET; Functional connectivity; Networks ID POSTERIOR CORTICAL ATROPHY; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; PRIMARY-PROGRESSIVE-APHASIA; PITTSBURGH COMPOUND-B; AMYLOID-BETA BURDEN; A-BETA; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; MATTER CHANGES; EARLY-ONSET AB The relationships between clinical phenotype, beta-amyloid (A beta) deposition and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are incompletely understood yet have important ramifications for future therapy. The goal of this study was to utilize multimodality positron emission tomography (PET) data from a clinically heterogeneous population of patients with probable AD in order to: (1) identify spatial patterns of A beta deposition measured by (C-11)-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB-PET) and glucose metabolism measured by FDG-PET that correlate with specific clinical presentation and (2) explore associations between spatial patterns of A beta deposition and glucose metabolism across the AD population. We included all patients meeting the criteria for probable AD (NIA-AA) who had undergone MRI, PiB and FDG-PET at our center (N = 46, mean age 63.0 +/- 7.7, Mini-Mental State Examination 22.0 +/- 4.8). Patients were subclassified based on their cognitive profiles into an amnestic / dysexecutive group (AD-memory; n = 27), a language-predominant group (AD-language; n = 10) and a visuospatial-predominant group (AD-visuospatial; n = 9). All patients were required to have evidence of amyloid deposition on PiB-PET. To capture the spatial distribution of A beta deposition and glucose metabolism, we employed parallel independent component analysis (pICA), a method that enables joint analyses of multimodal imaging data. The relationships between PET components and clinical group were examined using a Receiver Operator Characteristic approach, including age, gender, education and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele carrier status as covariates. Results of the first set of analyses independently examining the relationship between components from each modality and clinical group showed three significant components for FDG: a left inferior frontal and temporoparietal component associated with AD-language (area under the curve [AUC] 0.82, p = 0.011), and two components associated with AD-visuospatial (bilateral occipito-parieto-temporal [AUC 0.85, p = 0.009] and right posterior cingulate cortex [PCC] / precuneus and right lateral parietal [AUC 0.69, p = 0.045]). The AD-memory associated component included predominantly bilateral inferior frontal, cuneus and inferior temporal, and right inferior parietal hypometabolism but did not reach significance (AUC 0.65, p = 0.062). None of the PiB components correlated with clinical group. Joint analysis of PiB and FDG with pICA revealed a correlated component pair, in which increased frontal and decreased PCC / precuneus PiB correlated with decreased FDG in the frontal, occipital and temporal regions (partial r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). Using multivariate data analysis, this study reinforced the notion that clinical phenotype in AD is tightly linked to patterns of glucose hypometabolism but not amyloid deposition. These findings are strikingly similar to those of univariate paradigms and provide additional support in favor of specific involvement of the language network, higher-order visual network, and default mode network in clinical variants of AD. The inverse relationship between A beta deposition and glucose metabolism in partially overlapping brain regions suggests that A beta may exert both local and remote effects on brain metabolism. Applying multivariate approaches such as pICA to multimodal imaging data is a promising approach for unraveling the complex relationships between different elements of AD pathophysiology. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Laforce, Robert, Jr.; Ghosh, Pia; Lehmann, Manja; Madison, Cindee M.; Jagust, William J.; Rabinovici, Gil D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tosun, Duygu; Weiner, Michael W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, Ctr Imaging Neurodegenerat Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Laforce, Robert, Jr.; Ghosh, Pia; Lehmann, Manja; Miller, Bruce L.; Rabinovici, Gil D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, Memory & Aging Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Jagust, William J.; Rabinovici, Gil D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Laforce, R (reprint author), CHU Quebec, Hop Enfants Jesus, Dept Sci Neurol, Clin Interdisciplinaire Memoire, 1401,18ieme Rue, Quebec City, PQ G1J 1Z4, Canada. EM robert.laforce@fmed.ulaval.ca RI Lehmann, Manja/B-9717-2014; OI Laforce, Robert Jr/0000-0002-2031-490X FU Fonds de Recherche en Sante du Quebec; National Institute on Aging [K23-AG031861, P01-AG1972403, P50-AG023501, R01-AG027859]; Alzheimer's Association [NIRG-07-59422]; Alzheimer's Research UK [ART-TRFUS2011-2]; John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation; State of California Department of Health Services Alzheimer's Disease Research Center of California [04-33516]; Hellman Family Foundation FX We would like to thank all patients and their families who participated in this study. We are also grateful to Dr Hwamee Oh for her advice on multivariate statistical issues. This work was supported by a Fellowship grant from Fonds de Recherche en Sante du Quebec (to RL), National Institute on Aging grants K23-AG031861 (to GDR), P01-AG1972403 and P50-AG023501 (to BLM), R01-AG027859 (to WJJ); Alzheimer's Association grant NIRG-07-59422 (to GDR); Alzheimer's Research UK grant ART-TRFUS2011-2 (to ML); John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation grant (to GDR); State of California Department of Health Services Alzheimer's Disease Research Center of California grant 04-33516 (to BLM); and Hellman Family Foundation grant (to GDR). NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2213-1582 J9 NEUROIMAGE-CLIN JI NeuroImage-Clin. PY 2014 VL 4 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.03.005 PG 9 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA CB5LD UT WOS:000349667600055 PM 24818077 ER PT B AU Das, PK Weber, AZ AF Das, Prodip K. Weber, Adam Z. GP ASME TI WATER MANAGEMENT IN PEMFC WITH ULTRA-THIN CATALYST-LAYERS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 11TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; GAS-DIFFUSION LAYERS; POLYMER-ELECTROLYTE; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; COLD-START; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; CATHODE AB A two-dimensional non-isothermal multi-physics proton-exchange-membrane fuel-cell (PEMFC) modeling has been undertaken to investigate the interplay between the platinum (Pt) loading, water-capacity, water transport and cell performance at low operating temperatures (< 40 degrees C). Two ultra-thin catalyst layers (CLs), traditional Pt/C with extremely low Pt loading and nano-structured thin-film (NSTF), have been the main focus in the present model. Modeling data are compared with experimental polarization curves for both NSTF and traditional Pt/C as. Using the model, the interplay between the inherent CL water-capacity versus its removal rate through either the anode or cathode side of the PEMFC is explored. The controlling parameters for the water removal and accumulation (e.g., thickness of catalyst layer, existence of microporous layer, etc.) are also analyzed and the tradeoff between these parameters elucidated with a path towards efficient water management for ultra-thin CLs. C1 [Das, Prodip K.; Weber, Adam Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Das, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pkdas@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5552-2 PY 2014 AR V001T01A002 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0ZT UT WOS:000349884900002 ER PT B AU Liu, XL Liu, Y Ren, K Lawson, P Moening, A Haubert, M Gan, YX Mohammed, O Zhang, LH De Santos, O Diazvaldez, JR Hom, KE AF Liu, Xiaolu Liu, Yang Ren, Kai Lawson, Paul Moening, Andrew Haubert, Matthew Gan, Yong X. Mohammed, Omar Zhang, Lihua De Santos, Omar Diazvaldez, Jose R. Hom, Kaitlin E. GP ASME TI CLEAN ENERGY GENERATION BY A NANOSTRUCTURED BIOPHOTOFUEL CELL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 11TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2013 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUL 14-19, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID POLYANILINE AB In this paper, clean energy generation from hazardous materials by a nanostructured biophotofuel cell was studied. Specifically, electrodeposition of polyaniline on TiO2 nanotube as photoelectrochemical anode for a sodium sulfide fuel cell was performed. The photoelectrochemical response of the TiO2 nanotube capped by polyaniline nanoparticles was studied in UV and visible light illumination using sodium sulfide as the electrolyte. The polyaniline was added onto the top end of the nanotube via electrochemical deposition from 0.1 M aniline (C6H7N) in 1 M HCl solution. Polyaniline nanoparticle/TiO2 nanotube was made into an anode and put into 0.5 M sodium sulfide solution for photoelectrochemical response tests under both visible and ultraviolet light irradiation. The photoelectrochemical anode shows good photo-catalytic property, as evidenced by the open circuit potential changes when the illumination conditions were changed. Its response to ultraviolet light is much stronger than to visible light. It is also found that the higher the temperature of the sodium sulfide solution, the weaker the photo-catalytic response of the anode. C1 [Liu, Xiaolu; Liu, Yang; Ren, Kai; Lawson, Paul; Moening, Andrew; Haubert, Matthew] Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Gan, Yong X.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Mech Engn, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Mohammed, Omar] Univ Toledo, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Toledo, OH USA. [Zhang, Lihua] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [De Santos, Omar; Diazvaldez, Jose R.; Hom, Kaitlin E.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Mech Engn, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Liu, XL (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5552-2 PY 2014 AR UNSP V001T01A013 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0ZT UT WOS:000349884900013 ER PT B AU Clark, C Harto, C AF Clark, Corrie Harto, Christopher GP ASME TI LIFECYCLE WATER CONSUMPTION OF GEOTHERMAL POWER SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2013 CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Power Div ID RESERVOIRS AB Previous assessments of the sustainability of geothermal energy have focused on resource management and associated environmental impacts during plant operations. Within these constraints, studies have shown that overall emissions, water consumption, and land use for geothermal electricity production have a smaller impact than traditional base-load electricity generation technologies. According to the Energy Information Administration (ETA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), geothermal energy generation in the United States is projected to increase nearly threefold, from 2.37 GW to 6.30 GW, by 2035 (ETA 2012). With this potential for significant growth in geothermal electricity production, there is a need to improve understanding of the environmental impacts across the life cycle of geothermal energy production systems. This paper assesses the use of freshwater in construction, drilling, and production activities of various geothermal power plants. Four geothermal technologies were evaluated: air-cooled enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs), air-cooled hydrothermal binary systems, evaporative-cooled hydrothermal flash systems, and air-cooled geopressured systems that coproduce natural gas. The impacts associated with these power plant scenarios are compared to those from other electricity generating technologies as part of a larger effort to compare the lifecycle impacts of geothermal electricity generation to other power generation technologies. C1 [Clark, Corrie; Harto, Christopher] Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Clark, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5606-2 PY 2014 AR V002T10A002 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZQ UT WOS:000349875400039 ER PT B AU Liese, E Zitney, SE AF Liese, Eric Zitney, Stephen E. GP ASME TI A DYNAMIC PROCESS MODEL OF A NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE - MODEL DEVELOPMENT WITH STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SIMULATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2013 CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Power Div AB Research in dynamic process simulation for integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCC) with carbon capture has been ongoing at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), culminating in a full operator training simulator (OTS) and immersive training simulator (ITS) for use in both operator training and research. A derivative work of the IGCC dynamic simulator has been a modification of the combined cycle section to more closely represent a typical natural gas fired combined cycle (NGCC). This paper describes the NGCC dynamic process model and highlights some of the simulator's current capabilities through a particular startup and shutdown scenario. C1 [Liese, Eric; Zitney, Stephen E.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Liese, E (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5606-2 PY 2014 AR V002T08A004 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZQ UT WOS:000349875400015 ER PT B AU Meldrum, JR Macknick, JE Heath, GA Nettles-Anderson, SL AF Meldrum, James R. Macknick, Jordan E. Heath, Garvin A. Nettles-Anderson, Syndi L. GP ASME TI LIFE CYCLE WATER USE FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION: IMPLICATIONS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF COLLECTED ESTIMATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2013 CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Power Div C1 [Meldrum, James R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Macknick, Jordan E.; Heath, Garvin A.; Nettles-Anderson, Syndi L.] Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Meldrum, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5606-2 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T10A005 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZQ UT WOS:000349875400042 ER PT B AU Meldrum, JR Averyt, KB Macknick, JE Newmark, RL Rogers, J Madden, N Fisher, JI AF Meldrum, James R. Averyt, Kristen B. Macknick, Jordan E. Newmark, Robin L. Rogers, John Madden, Nadia Fisher, Jeremy I. GP ASME TI SENSITIVITIES OF RECENT ELECTRICITY GENERATION WATER USE FINDINGS TO DATA UPDATES AND VARIABILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2013 CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Power Div ID IMPACTS C1 [Meldrum, James R.; Averyt, Kristen B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Macknick, Jordan E.; Newmark, Robin L.] Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Rogers, John; Madden, Nadia] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fisher, Jeremy I.] Synapse Energy Econ, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Meldrum, JR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU The Kresge Foundation; Wallace Research Foundation; Roger and Vicki Sant; University of Colorado Boulder FX We thank Pete Caldwell, Ge Sun, and Steve McNulty of the US Forest Service's Southern Research Station, Annette Huber-Lee of Tufts University, Rachel Wilson and Nicole Hughes of Synapse Economics, and Shazia Davis of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Chris Milly and Krista Dunne of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for their contributions to this research effort. We greatly appreciate the support of the Union of Concerned Scientists, The Energy and Water in a Warming World initiative (EW3) contributors, and the EW3 Scientific Advisory Committee for helpful insights and reviews. This work was supported by The Kresge Foundation, Wallace Research Foundation, and Roger and Vicki Sant. Additional support was provided through the Western Water Assessment and the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at University of Colorado Boulder. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5606-2 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T10A004 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZQ UT WOS:000349875400041 ER PT B AU Tidwell, V Gasper, J Goldstein, R Macknick, J Sehlke, G Webber, M Wigmosta, M AF Tidwell, Vincent Gasper, John Goldstein, Robert Macknick, Jordan Sehlke, Gerald Webber, Michael Wigmosta, Mark GP ASME TI INTEGRATED ENERGY-WATER PLANNING IN THE WESTERN AND TEXAS INTERCONNECTIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2013 CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Power Div AB While long-term regional electricity transmission planning has traditionally focused on cost, infrastructure utilization, and reliability, issues concerning the availability of water represent an emerging issue. Thermoelectric expansion must be considered in the context of competing demands from other water use sectors balanced with fresh and non-fresh water supplies subject to climate variability. An integrated Energy-Water Decision Support System (DSS) is being developed that will enable planners in the Western and Texas Interconnections to analyze the potential implications of water availability and cost for long-range transmission planning. The project brings together electric transmission planners (Western Electricity Coordinating Council and Electric Reliability Council of Texas) with western water planners (Western Governors' Association and the Western States Water Council). This paper lays out the basic framework for this integrated Energy-Water DSS. C1 [Tidwell, Vincent] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gasper, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Goldstein, Robert] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Macknick, Jordan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Sehlke, Gerald] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Webber, Michael] Univ Texas, Austin, TX USA. [Wigmosta, Mark] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Tidwell, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability [M610000581]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The work described in this article was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 under Contract No. M610000581. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5606-2 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T10A009 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZQ UT WOS:000349875400046 ER PT B AU Yan, YE Demissie, YK Wigmosta, MS Tidwell, VC King, CW Cook, MA AF Yan, Y. Eugene Demissie, Yonas K. Wigmosta, Mark S. Tidwell, Vince C. King, Carey W. Cook, Margaret A. GP ASME TI POTENTIAL DROUGHT IMPACTS ON ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN TEXAS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2013 CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Power Div AB Many power plants in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) region require a large amount of water for system cooling. To improve the understanding of potential risks of electricity generation curtailment due to drought, an assessment of water availability and its potential impacts on generation during drought was performed. For this impact analysis, we identified three drought scenarios based on historical drought records and projected climate data from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global climate model, for greenhouse gas emission scenario A2 defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The three drought scenarios are (1) 2011 drought conditions (the worst drought in history), with the current level of water use; (2) a single-year drought (2022) projected for the period of 20202030, with the assumed projected water use level for 2030; and (3) a multiple-year drought constructed with climate data for 1950-1957 and water demand projected for 2030. The projected drought scenario in 2022 and the historical droughts in 2011 and 1950-1957 represent two different precipitation patterns in the Texas-Gulf river basin. The hydrologic model constructed for the Texas-Gulf river basin covers most of the ERCOT region. The model incorporates climate and water use data that correspond to three drought scenarios, respectively, to estimate evapotranspiration, water yield from watersheds, stream flow and water storage in reservoirs. Using criteria based on observed (< 50% storage) and predicted (< 55% storage) reservoir data, we identified 15 low-storage reservoirs in 2011, 10 in 2022, and 20 in 1956 (the last year of the multiple-year drought). The power plants that are supported by these reservoirs would be potentially at risk of being derated for thermoelectric cooling because of a lack of water supply. These power plants are located mainly in watersheds near and between Houston and Austin, as well as surrounding Dallas. C1 [Yan, Y. Eugene; Demissie, Yonas K.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wigmosta, Mark S.] Pacif NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Tidwell, Vince C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [King, Carey W.; Cook, Margaret A.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX USA. RP Yan, YE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO206CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Doug Murray and Kevin Hanson at the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, Andrew Chastain-Howley at Black and Veatch, and Tom Iseman at the Western Governors Association for their invaluable guidance, feedback, and support for this assessment. We would like to thank Caitlin Callaghan, Ray Lopez, and Mathew Rosenbaum with the Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability for sponsoring this work and for their guidance throughout this effort. We would also like to thank Ruben Solis and John Zhu at the Texas Water Development Board, Surface Water Resources, for providing reservoir data to improve our hydrologic modeling. Finally, we would like to thank Andrew Coleman and Teklu Tesfa at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for processing future climate data, and Barbara Moreland at Sandia National Laboratories for providing future water use projection data for this study. The work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO206CH11357. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5606-2 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T10A008 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZQ UT WOS:000349875400045 ER PT B AU Britton, C Ezell, NDB Roberts, M Holcomb, D Wood, R AF Britton, Charles Ezell, N. Dianne Bull Roberts, Michael Holcomb, David Wood, Richard GP ASME TI JOHNSON NOISE THERMOMETRY FOR DRIFT-FREE MEASUREMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB Temperature is a key process variable at any nuclear power plant (NPP). The harsh reactor environment causes all sensor properties to drift over time. At the higher temperatures of advanced NPPs the drift occurs more rapidly. Johnson noise is a fundamental expression of temperature and as such is immune to drift in a sensor's physical condition. In and near the core, only Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) and radiation pyrometry offer the possibility for long-term, high-accuracy temperature measurement due to their fundamental natures. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) place a higher value on long-term stability in their temperature measurements in that they produce less power per reactor core and thus cannot afford as much instrument recalibration labor as their larger brethren. The purpose of the current ORNL-led project, conducted under the Instrumentation, Controls, and Human-Machine Interface (ICHMI) research pathway of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced SMR Research and Development (R&D) program, is to develop and demonstrate a drift free Johnson noise-based thermometer suitable for deployment near core in advanced SMR plants. C1 [Britton, Charles; Ezell, N. Dianne Bull; Holcomb, David; Wood, Richard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Roberts, Michael] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Britton, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ezell, Nora/C-3942-2016 OI Ezell, Nora/0000-0001-9334-5822 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V001T02A010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000019 ER PT B AU Cetiner, SM Fugate, DL Kisner, RA Muhlheim, MD Wood, RT AF Cetiner, Sacit M. Fugate, David L. Kisner, Roger A. Muhlheim, Michael D. Wood, Richard T. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERVISORY CONTROL SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR ADVANCED SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB Small modular reactors (SMRs) can provide the United States with a safe, sustainable, and carbon-neutral energy source. Because of their small size and, in many cases, simplified nuclear island configurations, it is expected that capital costs will be less for SMRs compared to that of large, Generation III+ light-water reactors. Advanced SMRs (AdvSMRs), which use coolants other than water as the primary heat transport medium, introduce several passive safety concepts and controls features that further reduce the complexity of primary system designs by eliminating redundant components and systems. Under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), the Supervisory Control of Multi-Modular SMR Plants project was established to enable innovative control strategies and methods to supervise multi-unit plants, accommodate shared systems, identify opportunities to increase the level of automation, define economic metrics based on the relationship between control and staffing levels, and permit flexible co-generation operational regimes. This paper documents current findings from the Supervisory Control project. Specifically, it defines and documents strategies, functional elements, and an architectural structure for supervisory control of a representative generic AdvSMR plant. More specifically, this research advances the state-of-the art by incorporating decision making into the supervisory control system architectural layers through the introduction of tiered taxonomy of plant systems and subsystems. The proposed architecture has the features of planning and scheduling, analyzing plant status, diagnosing problems as they develop and predicting potential future problems, making decisions based on these features, and generating validated commands to lower control layers in the architecture. C1 [Cetiner, Sacit M.; Fugate, David L.; Kisner, Roger A.; Muhlheim, Michael D.; Wood, Richard T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cetiner, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR V001T02A009 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000018 ER PT B AU Hugo, JV Gertman, DI AF Hugo, Jacques V. Gertman, David I. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS FOR ADVANCED SMRs: THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div DE Advanced Small Modular Reactor; Cognitive Systems Engineering; Cognitive Work Analysis; Human Performance Requirements; Systems Engineering AB Advanced small modular reactors (AdvSMRs) will use advanced digital instrumentation and control systems, and make greater use of automation. These advances not only pose technical and operational challenges, but will inevitably have an effect on the operating and maintenance cost of new plants. However, there is much uncertainty about the impact of AdvSMR designs on operational and human factors considerations, such as workload, situation awareness, human reliability, staffing levels, and the appropriate allocation of functions between the crew and various automated plant systems. Existing human factors and systems engineering design standards and methodologies are not current in terms of human interaction requirements for dynamic automated systems and are no longer suitable for the analysis of evolving operational concepts. New models and guidance for operational concepts for complex socio-technical systems need to adopt a state-of-the-art approach such as Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) that gives due consideration to the role of personnel. The approach described here helps to identify and evaluate human challenges related to non-traditional operational concepts. A framework for defining operational strategies was developed based on an analysis of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II), a small (20MWe) sodium-cooled reactor that was successfully operated for thirty years. Insights from the application of the systematic application of the methodology and its utility are reviewed and arguments for the formal adoption of CSE as a value-added part of the Systems Engineering process are presented. C1 [Hugo, Jacques V.; Gertman, David I.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hugo, JV (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jacques.hugo@inl.gov; david.gertman@inl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR V001T04A005 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000028 ER PT B AU Le Blanc, KL Oxstrand, JH AF Le Blanc, Katya L. Oxstrand, Johanna H. GP ASME TI INITIATORS AND TRIGGERING CONDITIONS FOR ADAPTIVE IN AUTOMATION ADVANCED SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div DE Adaptive Automation; Advanced Small Modular Reactors; Automation ID SITUATION AWARENESS; SYSTEM; WORKLOAD; HUMANS; TASK AB It is anticipated that Advanced Small Modular Reactors (AdvSMRs) will employ high degrees of automation. High levels of automation can enhance system performance, but often at the cost of reduced human performance. Automation can lead to human out-of the loop issues, unbalanced workload, complacency, and other problems if it is not designed properly. Researchers have proposed adaptive automation (defined as dynamic or flexible allocation of functions) as a way to get the benefits of higher levels of automation without the human performance costs. Adaptive automation has the potential to balance operator workload and enhance operator situation awareness by allocating functions to the operators in a way that is sensitive to overall workload and capabilities at the time of operation. However, there still a number of questions regarding how to effectively design adaptive automation to achieve that potential. One of those questions is related to how to initiate (or trigger) a shift in automation in order to provide maximal sensitivity to operator needs without introducing undesirable consequences (such as unpredictable mode changes). Several triggering mechanisms for shifts in adaptive automation have been proposed including: operator initiated, critical events, performance-based, physiological measurement, model-based, and hybrid methods. As part of a larger project to develop design guidance for human-automation collaboration in AdvSMRs, researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have investigated the effectiveness and applicability of each of these triggering mechanisms in the context of AdvSMR. Researchers reviewed the empirical literature on adaptive automation and assessed each triggering mechanism based on the human-system performance consequences of employing that mechanism. Researchers also assessed the practicality and feasibility of using the mechanism in the context of an AdvSMR control room. Results indicate that there are tradeoffs associated with each mechanism, but that some are more applicable to the AdvSMR domain than others. The two mechanisms that consistently improve performance in laboratory studies are operator initiated adaptive automation based on hierarchical task delegation and the Electroencephalogram (EEG) -based measure of engagement. Current EEG methods are intrusive and require intensive analysis; therefore it is not recommended for an AdvSMR control rooms at this time. Researchers also discuss limitations in the existing empirical literature and make recommendations for further research. C1 [Le Blanc, Katya L.; Oxstrand, Johanna H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Le Blanc, KL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RI Oxstrand, Johanna/B-4693-2017 OI Oxstrand, Johanna/0000-0002-4428-846X NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR V001T04A007 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000030 ER PT B AU Middleton, BD Mendez, C AF Middleton, Bobby D. Mendez, Carmen GP ASME TI INTEGRATING SAFETY, OPERATIONS, SECURITY, AND SAFEGUARDS INTO THE DESIGN OF SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB The existing regulatory structure for nuclear power plants impacts both the design and the operation of the facility [1]. The current structure has been known to be overly conservative in several instances. This overly conservative approach results in operational costs to the facility that decrease the profit margin for nuclear power companies. The current design and build process also results in expensive retrofitting and contributes excess costs to the operations of the facility [1]. The current fleet of nuclear reactors is composed mainly of large light water reactors (LWRs) that can, to some extent, counteract these operational costs by the sheer volume of energy produced. However, the deliberately small size of small modular reactors (SMRs) prevents them from benefitting from this economy of scale. In order to be built and operated economically, SMR vendors must find ways to bring the life cycle costs in line with the economic requirements of nuclear power companies. Sandia National Laboratories has developed a framework that allows vendors and operators to address many of the operational costs during the design and manufacture stages of the SMR life cycle. The framework allows certain operational costs to be addressed in the design stages, thereby decreasing the operational costs, especially those costs associated with staffing and retrofitting. The framework pulls together best practices that have been applied successfully in other industries. Concurrent Engineering (CE) frames the procedural stages, from defining the expectations of the facility deployment, through the identification of regulatory requirements, to the pre-conceptual, conceptual and detailed design stages. A Project Management Organization is critical to the time management and success of implementing CE. The use of Integrated Safety, Operations, Security, and Safeguards (ISOSS) will lead to achieve a more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable plant. The Balance Model is introduced as a tool to document conflicts between functional areas and identify balancing strategies for conflict resolution in the requirements. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is proposed as a variable for decision making. Facility Lifecycle Management with Building Information Modeling (BIM) is encouraged to support the Build, Activation, Continued Operations and Decommissioning of the facility [1]. To ensure that the deployment of SMR is effective and cost efficient, the ideal time to implement the framework is now, before SMR designs reach the detailed stage. SMRs hold a lot of potential and this framework can help the nuclear industry realize that potential. C1 [Middleton, Bobby D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Mendez, Carmen] Sociotecnia Soluty, Weston, FL USA. RP Middleton, BD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Energy FX The work leading to this paper was completed with the support of the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V001T06A003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000038 ER PT B AU Qualls, L Hale, R Cetiner, S Fugate, D Batteh, J Tiller, M AF Qualls, Lou Hale, Richard Cetiner, Sacit Fugate, David Batteh, John Tiller, Michael GP ASME TI DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF SMALL MODULAR REACTORS USING MODELICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB Small modular reactors (SMRs) offer potential for addressing the nation's long-term energy needs. However, the project design cycle for new reactor concepts is lengthy. As part of the Department of Energy's(1) Advanced SMR research and development program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is developing a Dynamic System Modeling Tool (MoDSIM) to facilitate rapid instrumentation and controls studies of SMR concepts. Traditional nuclear reactor design makes use of verified and validated codes to meet the strict quality assurance requirements of the licensing process for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. However, there are significant engineering analyses and high-level decisions required prior to the rigorous design phase. These analyses typically do not require high-fidelity codes. Different organizations and researchers may examine various plant configuration options prior to formal design activities. Engineers and managers must continuously make down-selection decisions regarding potential reactor architectures and subsystems. Traditionally, the modeling of these complex systems has been based on legacy models. Considerable time and effort are necessary to understand and manipulate these legacy models. For trade-space studies, two developments in the model-based systems engineering space represent a significant advancement in the ability of engineering tools to meet these demands. The first is Modelica: a nonproprietary, equation-based, object-oriented modeling language for cyber-physical systems. The second is the Functional Mockup Interface: a standardized, open interface for model exchange, simulation, and deployment. ORNL's MoDSIM tool makes use of these developments and is intended to provide a flexible and robust dynamic system-modeling environment for SMRs. This includes single or multiple reactors, perhaps sharing common resources, or producing both electricity and process heat for local consumption or feeding a regional grid. MoDSIM uses the open-source modeling language (Modelica) and incorporates a user interface, coupled dynamic models, and analysis capabilities that will enable non-expert modelers to perform sophisticated end-to-end system simulations of both neutronic and thermal-hydraulic models. This approach enables opensource and crowd-source-type collaborations for model development of SMRs in an approach similar to open-source and open-design techniques currently used for software production and complex system design. As part of the tool development, an example SMR was chosen (advanced liquid metal reactor [ALMR]) and the ALMR models developed and interface tools demonstrated. For initial verification purposes, the results from these Modelica simulations are compared with the results documented for the earlier ALMR power-reactor innovative small-module concept. These results, as well as initial demonstrations of the tool for different control strategies, are presented in this paper. C1 [Qualls, Lou; Hale, Richard; Cetiner, Sacit; Fugate, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Batteh, John] ModeIon Inc, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Tiller, Michael] Xogeny Inc, Canton, MI USA. RP Qualls, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V001T02A008 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000017 ER PT B AU Smith, C AF Smith, Curtis GP ASME TI ADVANCED SMALL MODULAR REACTOR PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB A key area of the Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) use is in the development of methodologies and tools that will be used to predict the safety, security, safeguards, performance, and deployment viability of SMR systems starting in the design process through the operation phase. Recently, the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) set out to develop quantitative methods and tools and the associated analysis framework for assessing a variety of SMR risks. Development and implementation of SMR-focused safety assessment methods may require new analytic methods or adaptation of traditional methods to the advanced design and operational features of SMRs. The development of SMR-specific safety models for margin determination will provide a safety case that describes potential accidents, design options (including postulated controls), and supports licensing activities by providing a technical basis for the safety envelope. INL has proposed an approach to expand and advance the state-of-the-practice in PRA. Specifically we will develop a framework for applying modern computational tools to create advanced risk-based methods for identifying design vulnerabilities in SMRs. This framework will require the fusion of state-of-the-art PRA methods, advanced 3D visualization methods, and high-performance optimization. The approach has several defining attributes focused within three general areas: 1. Models - A single 3D representation of all key systems, structures, and components (SSCs) will be defined for a particular facility. We will be able to simulate by understanding how each SSC interacts with other parts of the facility the hazard-induced susceptibilities of each SSC. 2. Phenomena - An approach to effectively representing hazards and their effect on physical behavior at a facility will need to be determined. In many cases, multiple models of a specific phenomenon may be available, but this ensemble of models will need to be intelligently managed. 3. Integration - Any advanced risk-informed decision support approach will rely on a variety of probabilistic and mechanistic information. The safety, security, and economic drivers will need to be integrated in order to determine the effectiveness of proposed mitigation strategies. We will need to be able to manage all (important) hazards for all (important) scenarios all of the time the facility is in operation. The focus of the paper will be on discussing the features of the proposed advanced SMR PRA Framework and providing an status update of the development activities.. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Smith, C (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR V001T04A002 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000025 ER PT B AU Vilim, RB Passerini, S Ponciroli, R AF Vilim, R. B. Passerini, S. Ponciroli, R. GP ASME TI ACTIVE CONTROL AND INHERENTLY SAFE OPERATION IN ADVANCED SMRS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SYMPOSIUM, 2014 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Small Modular Reactors Symposium 2014 CY APR 15-17, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div AB A strategy that ensures active control systems cannot override or compromise passive safety and that power generation goals are still met is described. The approach places an increased reliance on passive feedbacks to regulate plant operation. The tradeoffs this strategy entails are assessed through dynamic simulation studies of a liquid-metal cooled advanced SMR. C1 [Vilim, R. B.; Passerini, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ponciroli, R.] Politecn Milan, Nucl Engn Div, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Vilim, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rvilim@anl.gov; spasserini@anl.gov; roberto.ponciroli@mail.polimi.it NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4536-3 PY 2014 AR UNSP V001T02A011 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZU UT WOS:000349885000020 ER PT J AU Seidel, TE Elam, JW Mane, A Halls, MD Goldberg, A Current, MI AF Seidel, Thomas E. Elam, Jeffrey W. Mane, Anil Halls, Mathew D. Goldberg, Alexander Current, Michael I. GP IEEE TI Atomic Layer Deposition of Dopants for Recoil Implantation in finFET Sidewalls SO 2014 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY (IIT 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology (IIT) CY JUN 26-JUL 04, 2014 CL Portland, OR SP Appl Mat, Nissin Ion Equipment Co, Axcelis Technologies Inc, High Voltage Engn, SEN Corp, PLANSEE Electro Graph, Adv Ion Beam Technol Inc, ATMI, Ion Beam Serv, Praxair Inc, CAMECA Instruments Inc, INTEGRATED Engn Software, Kingstone Semicond Co Ltd DE atomic layer deposition; finFET sidewall doping; ion recoil mixing AB The doping of finFET sidewalls is studied using glancing angle, energetic ion beam recoil mixing of dopant-rich layers made by atomic layer deposited (ALD) films on vertical Si(100) surfaces. Density Function Theory (DTF) calculations show that surface conditions for initiating ALD with BF3 and PF3 dopants favor hydroxyl-Si surface termination. Monte Carlo calculations of the recoil-delivered-B highlights the process control advantages of grazing angle incidence energetic ion beams, as long as the deposited dopant layers are well controlled in thickness and composition, as one expects from ALD methods. C1 [Seidel, Thomas E.] Seitek50, Palm Coast, FL 32135 USA. [Elam, Jeffrey W.; Mane, Anil] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Halls, Mathew D.; Goldberg, Alexander] Schrodinger LLC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Current, Michael I.] Current Sci, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Seidel, TE (reprint author), Seitek50, Palm Coast, FL 32135 USA. EM zoomtotom@gmail.com; jelam@anl.gov; mat.halls@schrodinger.com; currentsci@aol.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC0SK UT WOS:000349472200061 ER PT J AU Tramble, A Burns, P Hayden, S Moten, R Xiao, ZG Camino, F AF Tramble, Ashley Burns, Pharaoh Hayden, Shareka Moten, Roderick Xiao, Zhigang Camino, Fernando GP IEEE TI Fabrication of High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors (CNTFETs) and CNTFET-based Electronic Circuits with Semiconductors as the Source/Drain Contact Materials SO 2014 20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY (IIT 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology (IIT) CY JUN 26-JUL 04, 2014 CL Portland, OR SP Appl Mat, Nissin Ion Equipment Co, Axcelis Technologies Inc, High Voltage Engn, SEN Corp, PLANSEE Electro Graph, Adv Ion Beam Technol Inc, ATMI, Ion Beam Serv, Praxair Inc, CAMECA Instruments Inc, INTEGRATED Engn Software, Kingstone Semicond Co Ltd DE Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor; inverter; transfer characteristics ID ALIGNED ARRAYS; SINGLE; NETWORKS AB We report fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors and inverters using semiconductors as the source/drain contact material. The electrical properties were measured from the fabricated devices. The fabricated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor has high on/off drain-source current ratios and excellent saturation of drain-source current, and the inverter has excellent transfer characteristics. C1 [Tramble, Ashley; Burns, Pharaoh; Hayden, Shareka; Moten, Roderick; Xiao, Zhigang] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Camino, Fernando] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tramble, A (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM zhigang.xiao@aamu.edu; fcamino@bnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0814103, ECCS-1229312] FX Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886; the research is supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No. EPS-0814103 and ECCS-1229312. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC0SK UT WOS:000349472200046 ER PT S AU Tang, LX Chinthavali, M Onar, OC Campbell, S Miller, JM AF Tang, Lixin Chinthavali, Madhu Onar, Omer C. Campbell, Steven Miller, John M. GP IEEE TI SiC MOSFET Based Single Phase Active Boost Rectifier with Power Factor Correction for Wireless Power Transfer Applications SO 2014 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Fort Worth, TX SP IEEE AB Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is a novel research area in the charging technology that bridges the utility and the automotive industries. There are various solutions that are currently being evaluated by several research teams to find the most efficient way to manage the power flow from the grid to the vehicle energy storage system. There are different control parameters that can be utilized to compensate for the change in the impedance due to variable parameters such as battery state-of-charge, coupling factor, and coil misalignment. This paper presents the implementation of an active front-end rectifier on the grid side for power factor control and voltage boost capability for load power regulation. The proposed SiC MOSFET based single phase active front end rectifier with PFC resulted in >97% efficiency at 137mm air-gap and >95% efficiency at 160mm air-gap. C1 [Tang, Lixin; Chinthavali, Madhu; Onar, Omer C.; Campbell, Steven; Miller, John M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tang, LX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tangl@ornl.gov; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; onaroc@ornl.gov; campbellsl@ornl.gov; millerjm@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4799-2325-0 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2014 BP 1669 EP 1675 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0MD UT WOS:000349212501122 ER PT S AU Onar, OC Chinthavali, M Campbell, S Ning, PQ White, CP Miller, JM AF Onar, Omer C. Chinthavali, Madhu Campbell, Steven Ning, Puqi White, Cliff P. Miller, John M. GP IEEE TI A SiC MOSFET Based Inverter for Wireless Power Transfer Applications SO 2014 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Fort Worth, TX SP IEEE AB In a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, efficiency of the power conversion stages is crucial so that the WPT technology can compete with the conventional conductive charging systems. Since there are 5 or 6 power conversion stages, each stage needs to be as efficient as possible. SiC inverters are crucial in this case; they can handle high frequency operation and they can operate at relatively higher temperatures resulting in reduces cost and size for the cooling components. This study presents the detailed power module design, development, and fabrication of a SiC inverter. The proposed inverter has been tested at three center frequencies that are considered for the WPT standardization. Performance of the inverter at the same target power transfer level is analyzed along with the other system components. In addition, another SiC inverter has been built in authors' laboratory by using the ORNL designed and developed SiC modules. It is shown that the inverter with ORNL packaged SiC modules performs better than the inverter having commercially available SiC modules. C1 [Onar, Omer C.; Chinthavali, Madhu; Campbell, Steven; Ning, Puqi; White, Cliff P.; Miller, John M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Onar, OC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM onaroc@ornl.gov; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; campbellsl@ornl.gov; ning06@vt.edu; whitecap@ornl.gov; millerjm@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4799-2325-0 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2014 BP 1690 EP 1696 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0MD UT WOS:000349212501125 ER PT S AU Gong, XZ Xiong, R Mi, CC AF Gong, Xianzhi Xiong, Rui Mi, Chunting Chris GP IEEE TI Study of the Characteristics of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles with Parallel-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Cells SO 2014 TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (APEC) SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Fort Worth, TX SP IEEE ID STATE AB This paper studies the characteristics of battery packs with parallel-connected lithium-ion battery cells. To investigate the influence of cell inconsistency problem in parallel-connected cells, a group of different degraded lithium-ion battery cells were selected to build various battery packs and test them using a battery test bench. The physical model was developed to simulate the operation of the parallel-connected packs. The experimental results and simulation indicate that with different degraded cells in parallel, there could be capacity loss and large difference in discharge current, which may cause further accelerated degradation and more serious inconsistency problem. C1 [Gong, Xianzhi; Xiong, Rui; Mi, Chunting Chris] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, DOE GATE Ctr Elect Drive Transportat, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. RP Gong, XZ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, DOE GATE Ctr Elect Drive Transportat, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. EM xianzhigong@gmail.com; rxiong@ieee.org; mi@ieee.org OI Mi, Chris/0000-0002-5471-8953 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4799-2325-0 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2014 BP 3218 EP 3224 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC0MD UT WOS:000349212503054 ER PT S AU Gadgil, A Liverman, DM AF Gadgil, Ashok Liverman, Diana M. BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI Annual Review of Environment and Resources Volume 39, 2014 Introduction SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 39 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Gadgil, Ashok] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gadgil, Ashok] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Liverman, Diana M.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gadgil, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2339-4 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2014 VL 39 BP V EP VI PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB9LO UT WOS:000348446900001 ER PT S AU Jackson, RB Vengosh, A Carey, JW Davies, RJ Darrah, TH O'Sullivan, F Petron, G AF Jackson, Robert B. Vengosh, Avner Carey, J. William Davies, Richard J. Darrah, Thomas H. O'Sullivan, Francis Petron, Gabrielle BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI The Environmental Costs and Benefits of Fracking SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 39 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE horizontal drilling; hydraulic fracturing; induced seismicity; shale gas; water resources; air quality; well integrity ID NATURAL-GAS OPERATIONS; MARCELLUS SHALE GAS; DRINKING-WATER WELLS; UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER; BARNETT SHALE; HAYNESVILLE SHALE; FRACTURED SHALE; METHANE LEAKAGE; PIPELINE LEAKS AB Unconventional oil and natural gas extraction enabled by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is driving an economic boom, with consequences described from "revolutionary" to "disastrous." Reality lies somewhere in between. Unconventional energy generates income and, done well, can reduce air pollution and even water use compared with other fossil fuels. Alternatively, it could slow the adoption of renewables and, done poorly, release toxic chemicals into water and air. Primary threats to water resources include surface spills, wastewater disposal, and drinking-water contamination through poor well integrity. An increase in volatile organic compounds and air toxics locally are potential health threats, but the switch from coal to natural gas for electricity generation will reduce sulfur, nitrogen, mercury, and particulate air pollution. Data gaps are particularly evident for human health studies, for the question of whether natural gas will displace coal compared with renewables, and for decadal-scale legacy issues of well leakage and plugging and abandonment practices. Critical topics for future research C1 [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.; Vengosh, Avner] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Carey, J. William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Davies, Richard J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Darrah, Thomas H.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [O'Sullivan, Francis] MIT, Energy Initiat, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jackson, RB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rob.jackson@stanford.edu; vengosh@duke.edu; bcarey@lanl.gov; darrah.24@osu.edu; frankie@mit.edu; gabrielle.petron@noaa.gov RI Darrah, Tom/I-2253-2016 NR 166 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 90 U2 431 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2339-4 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2014 VL 39 BP 327 EP 362 DI 10.1146/annurev-environ-031113-144051 PG 36 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB9LO UT WOS:000348446900013 ER PT S AU Willenbrock, S Zhang, C AF Willenbrock, Scott Zhang, Cen BE Holstein, BR TI Effective Field Theory Beyond the Standard Model SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 64 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE operators; Higgs; electroweak ID PRECISION ELECTROWEAK PHYSICS; MINIMAL FLAVOR VIOLATION; LOW-ENERGY CONSTRAINTS; HIGGS-BOSON; UNITARITY CONSTRAINTS; FERMI INTERACTION; OPERATOR ANALYSIS; WEAK-INTERACTIONS; NUCLEON DECAY; COUPLINGS AB We review the effective field theory approach to physics beyond the Standard Model using dimension-six operators. Topics include the choice of operator basis, electroweak boson pair production, precision electroweak physics (including one-loop contributions), and Higgs physics. By measuring the coefficients of dimension-six operators with good accuracy, we can hope to infer some or all of the features of the theory that lies beyond the Standard Model. C1 [Willenbrock, Scott] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Willenbrock, Scott] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Zhang, Cen] Catholic Univ Louvain, Ctr Cosmol Particle Phys & Phenomenol CP3, B-1348 Louvain La Neuve, Belgium. RP Willenbrock, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM cen.zhang@uclouvain.be NR 75 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1564-1 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2014 VL 64 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102313-025623 PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB9LY UT WOS:000348455000003 ER PT S AU Erler, J Horowitz, CJ Mantry, S Souder, PA AF Erler, Jens Horowitz, Charles J. Mantry, Sonny Souder, Paul A. BE Holstein, BR TI Weak Polarized Electron Scattering SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 64 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE weak neutral currents; parton distributions; neutron stars; physics beyond the Standard Model ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CHARGE-SYMMETRY VIOLATION; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RATIO; PARITY NON-CONSERVATION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRAL-CURRENT; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; DEUTERON SCATTERING; QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPTON-SCATTERING AB Scattering polarized electrons provides an important probe of the weak interactions. Precisely measuring the parity-violating left-right cross-section asymmetry (A(LR)) is the goal of a number of experiments that have recently been completed or are in progress. The experiments are challenging, given that A(LR) is small, typically between 10(-4) and 10(-8). By carefully choosing appropriate targets and kinematics, one can isolate various pieces of the weak Lagrangian, providing a search for physics beyond the Standard Model. For other choices, unique features of the strong interaction are being studied, including the radius of the neutron density in heavy nuclei, charge symmetry violation, and higher-twist terms. This article reviews the theory behind the experiments, as well as the general techniques used in the experimental program. C1 [Erler, Jens] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, PRISMA Cluster Excellence, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Erler, Jens] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz Inst Theoret Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Erler, Jens] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Dept Fis Teor, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Horowitz, Charles J.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Horowitz, Charles J.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Nucl Theory, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Mantry, Sonny] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mantry, Sonny] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Souder, Paul A.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Phys, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Erler, J (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, PRISMA Cluster Excellence, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. EM erler@fisica.unam.mx; souder@physics.syr.edu NR 145 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1564-1 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2014 VL 64 BP 269 EP 298 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102313-025520 PG 30 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB9LY UT WOS:000348455000011 ER PT S AU Blaskiewicz, M AF Blaskiewicz, Michael BE Holstein, BR TI Cooling of High-Energy Hadron Beams SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 64 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE collider; stochastic cooling; electron cooling ID STORAGE-RINGS; COLLIDER AB In this article, I discuss existing and planned techniques for cooling high-energy hadron beams, provide practical formulae for estimating cooling rates, and address difficulties and challenges. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blaskiewicz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM blaskiewicz@bnl.gov NR 87 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1564-1 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2014 VL 64 BP 299 EP 317 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102313-025427 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB9LY UT WOS:000348455000012 ER PT S AU Halkiadakis, E Redlinger, G Shih, D AF Halkiadakis, Eva Redlinger, George Shih, David BE Holstein, BR TI Status and Implications of Beyond-the-Standard-Model Searches at the LHC SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 64 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE LHC; phenomenology; composite Higgs; dark matter; BSM; SUSY ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; 125 GEV HIGGS; PP COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=8 TEV; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ATLAS DETECTOR; FINAL-STATES; DARK-MATTER; LOCAL SUPERSYMMETRY; GRAND UNIFICATION AB The LHC has collided protons on protons at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV between 2010 and 2012, referred to as the Run I period. We review the current status of searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model at the end of Run I by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, limited to the 8-TeV search results that have been published or submitted for publication as of the end of February 2014. We discuss some of the implications of these searches on the existence of TeV-scale new physics, with a special focus on two open questions: the hierarchy problem and the nature of dark matter. Finally, we give an outlook for the future. C1 [Halkiadakis, Eva; Shih, David] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Shih, David] Rutgers State Univ, NHETC, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Redlinger, George] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Halkiadakis, E (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 185 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1564-1 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2014 VL 64 BP 319 EP 342 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102313-025632 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB9LY UT WOS:000348455000013 ER PT S AU Deliot, F Hadley, N Parke, S Schwarz, T AF Deliot, Frederic Hadley, Nicholas Parke, Stephen Schwarz, Tom BE Holstein, BR TI Properties of the Top Quark SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 64 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE review; top quark; Tevatron; LHC ID PAIR PRODUCTION; PP COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=7 TEV; HADRON COLLIDERS; SPIN CORRELATION; T(T)OVER-BAR; DETECTOR; MASS; DECAY AB The top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle, and it is often considered a window through which to search for new physics processes in particle physics. A large program to study the top quark properties has been carried out at both the Tevatron and LHC colliders by the D0, CDF, ATLAS, and CMS experiments. The most recent results are discussed in this review. C1 [Deliot, Frederic] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Deliot, Frederic] CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hadley, Nicholas] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Parke, Stephen] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Schwarz, Tom] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Deliot, F (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DSM IRFU SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. OI Parke, Stephen/0000-0003-2028-6782 NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1564-1 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2014 VL 64 BP 363 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102313-025655 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB9LY UT WOS:000348455000015 ER PT S AU Norbeck, E Safarik, K Steinberg, PA AF Norbeck, Edwin Safarik, Karel Steinberg, Peter A. BE Holstein, BR TI Hard-Scattering Results in Heavy-Ion Collisions at the LHC SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 64 SE Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE heavy-ion collisions; quark-gluon plasma; QCD; heavy-flavor production; jet quenching; quarkonium suppression ID PB-PB COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; CHARGED-PARTICLE PRODUCTION; PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS; PROMPT J/PSI PRODUCTION; LEAD-LEAD COLLISIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=2.76 TEV; ROOT-S=7 TEV AB We present the first LHC results on hard-probe observables in heavy-ion collisions. During the first 3 years of operation, the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS experiments each collected Pb + Pb interaction data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity above 100 mu b(-1) at root(NN)-N-s = 2.76 TeV. Fresh insights into the properties of QCD matter under extreme conditions are emerging. Although the basic picture established at RHIC-that of a hot, dense medium that (a) flows with a viscosity-to-entropy ratio close to the conjectured lower bound and (b) quenches the energy of hard probes, such as jets, heavy flavor, and quarkonia-has been confirmed at the LHC, the higher-energy data indicate new ways to extract its properties in more detail. These include the first observations of a different strength for the suppression of charm and beauty quarks, reduced low-pT suppression for J/psi, and detailed measurements of high-ET jet suppression and jet-fragmentation modifications. C1 [Norbeck, Edwin] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Safarik, Karel] European Org Nucl Res CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Steinberg, Peter A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Norbeck, E (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 132 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0163-8998 BN 978-0-8243-1564-1 J9 ANNU REV NUCL PART S JI Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. PY 2014 VL 64 BP 383 EP 411 DI 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102912-144532 PG 29 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB9LY UT WOS:000348455000016 ER PT J AU Aposporidis, A Vassilevski, PS Veneziani, A AF Aposporidis, Alexis Vassilevski, Panayot S. Veneziani, Alessandro TI MULTIGRID PRECONDITIONING OF THE NON-REGULARIZED AUGMENTED BINGHAM FLUID PROBLEM SO ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE multigrid; multilevel flexible GMRES; Bingham flow; mixed finite elements ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; PATTERN MULTIFRONTAL METHOD; DEGREE ORDERING ALGORITHM; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; FLOWS; FACTORIZATION; SMOOTHERS; MATRICES AB In the numerical solution of visco-plastic fluids, one of the hard problems is the effective detection of rigid or plug regions. These occur when the strain-rate tensor vanishes and consequently the equations for the fluid region become singular. In order to manage this lack of regularity, different approaches are possible. Regularization procedures replace the plug regions with high-viscosity fluid regions, featuring a regularization parameter epsilon > 0. In Aposporidis et al. [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 200 (2011), pp. 2434-2446], an augmented formulation for Bingham fluids was introduced to improve the regularity properties of the problem. Results presented there show that the augmented formulation is more effective for numerical purposes and it works also in the non-regularized case (epsilon = 0) without a significant degradation of the non-linear solver's performance. However, when solving high-dimensional Bingham problems, the augmented formulation leads to more challenging linear systems. In this paper we develop a strategy for preconditioning large non-regularized augmented Bingham systems. We use the regularized problem as a preconditioner for the non-regularized case. Then, we resort to a nonlinear geometric multilevel preconditioner to accelerate the convergence of the flexible Krylov linear solver for the regularized Bingham preconditioner. Results presented here demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy also in realistic (non-academic) test cases. C1 [Aposporidis, Alexis; Veneziani, Alessandro] Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Vassilevski, Panayot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aposporidis, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM aapospo@gmail.com; vassilevski1@llnl.gov; avenez2@emory.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PI KENT PA ETNA, DEPT MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, KENT, OH 44242-0001 USA SN 1068-9613 J9 ELECTRON T NUMER ANA JI Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. PY 2014 VL 41 BP 42 EP 61 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AZ8YU UT WOS:000348498600004 ER PT S AU Adelsberger, K Boye, R Zavislan, J AF Adelsberger, Kathleen Boye, Robert Zavislan, James BE Figueiro, M Lerner, S Muschaweck, J Rogers, J TI Noise as a Design Constraint in Broadband Wavefront Coded Optical Systems SO INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL DESIGN CONFERENCE 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Optical Design Conference (IODC) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL HI SP Opt Soc, SPIE, Amer Elements Corp, Edmund Opt Inc, Optimax Syst Inc, Rochester Precis Opt LLC, Synopsys Inc DE Wavefront coding; Noise; Lens design; Cubic phase; Extended depth of focus; Optimization ID IMAGING-SYSTEMS AB Simulated results demonstrate the impact of detector noise on the design of a broadband wavefront coded optical system. We conclude that noise must be included as a first-order design constraint in cubic phase-encoded systems. C1 [Adelsberger, Kathleen; Zavislan, James] Univ Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Adelsberger, Kathleen; Boye, Robert] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Adelsberger, K (reprint author), Univ Rochester, 275 Hutchinson Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM k.adelsberger@gmail.com NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-378-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9293 AR UNSP 92931L DI 10.1117/12.2073336 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BC0RM UT WOS:000349402800056 ER PT S AU Reichhardt, C McDermott, D Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C. McDermott, D. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Ordering of Colloids with Competing Interactions on Quasi-One Dimensional Periodic Substrates SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XI CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE colloids; pattern formation; optical traps ID ARRAYS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRYSTALS; MONOLAYERS; PARTICLES; LATTICES; DRIVEN; STATES AB There are many examples of interacting particles that have both repulsive and attractive interaction terms. Assemblies of such particles can form clumps, gel type states, labyrinths and other patterns, while two-dimensional systems with purely repulsive interactions typically form hexagonal crystals. Here we examine the two-dimensional pattern formation of colloids with competing interactions in the presence of a quasi-one dimensional periodic substrate. For soft matter systems, such substrates can be created by various optical means. We show that the substrate can induce various patterns including commensurate bubble phases as well as modulated stripes aligned with the substrate. Beyond colloids, these results should also be general to other systems that can be modeled as particles with competing interactions moving over a surface with a quasi-one dimensional periodic substrate or modulation. C1 [Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McDermott, D.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [McDermott, D.] Wabash Coll, Dept Phys, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reichhardt@lanl.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-191-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9164 AR UNSP 916420 DI 10.1117/12.2063487 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC0PG UT WOS:000349300600042 ER PT S AU Reichhardt, CJO Ray, D Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Ray, D. Reichhardt, C. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Active Matter Transport on Complex Substrates SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XI CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE colloids; pattern formation; active matter; optical traps ID COLLOIDAL MONOLAYERS; DRIVEN; SUPERCONDUCTORS; PARTICLES; CRYSTALS; VORTICES; FRICTION; LATTICES AB Colloids interacting with complex landscapes created by optical means exhibit a remarkable variety of novel orderings and equilibrium states. It is also possible to study nonequilibrium properties for colloids driven over optical traps when there is an additional external electric field or some other form of external driving. Recently a new type of colloidal system has been realized in which the colloids are self-driven or self-motile and undergo a persistent random walk. Self motile particle systems fall into the broader class of self-driven systems called active matter. For the case of externally driven colloidal particles moving over random or periodic arrangements of traps, various types of pinning or jamming effects can arise. Far less is known about the mobility of active matter particles in the presence or random or periodic substrates. For example, it is not known whether increasing the activity of the particles would reduce the jamming effects caused by effective friction between particles. Here we show by varying the activity and the density of active particles that various types of motion can arise. In some cases, increasing the self-driving leads to a reduction in the net flow of particles through the system. C1 [Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Ray, D.; Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM reichhardt@lanl.gov NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-191-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9164 AR 91641N DI 10.1117/12.2063481 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BC0PG UT WOS:000349300600035 ER PT S AU Su, YF Myers, TL Brauer, CS Blake, TA Forland, BM Szecsody, JE Johnson, TJ AF Su, Yin-Fong Myers, Tanya L. Brauer, Carolyn S. Blake, Thomas A. Forland, Brenda M. Szecsody, J. E. Johnson, Timothy J. BE Burgess, D Owen, G Rana, H Zamboni, R Kajzar, F Szep, AA TI Infrared reflectance spectra: Effects of particle size, provenance and preparation SO OPTICS AND PHOTONICS FOR COUNTERTERRORISM, CRIME FIGHTING, AND DEFENCE X; AND OPTICAL MATERIALS AND BIOMATERIALS IN SECURITY AND DEFENCE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, and Defence X; and Optical Materials and Biomaterials in Security and Defence Systems Technology XI CY SEP 22-23, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Reflectance; Hemispherical reflectance; integrating sphere; infrared; total reflectance; particle size ID PARTICULATE SURFACES; THERMAL EMISSION; MINERALS; VAPOR; ROCK AB We have recently developed methods for making more accurate infrared total and diffuse directional-hemispherical reflectance measurements using an integrating sphere. We have found that reflectance spectra of solids, especially powders, are influenced by a number of factors including the sample preparation method, the particle size and morphology, as well as the sample origin. On a quantitative basis we have investigated some of these parameters and the effects they have on reflectance spectra, particularly in the longwave infrared. In the IR the spectral features may be observed as either maxima or minima: In general, upward-going peaks in the reflectance spectrum result from strong surface scattering, i.e. rays that are reflected from the surface without bulk penetration, whereas downward-going peaks are due to either absorption or volume scattering, i.e. rays that have penetrated or refracted into the sample interior and are not reflected. The light signals reflected from solids usually encompass all such effects, but with strong dependencies on particle size and preparation. This paper measures the reflectance spectra in the 1.3-16 micron range for various bulk materials that have a combination of strong and weak absorption bands in order to observe the effects on the spectral features: Bulk materials were ground with a mortar and pestle and sieved to separate the samples into various size fractions between 5 and 500 microns. The median particle size is demonstrated to have large effects on the reflectance spectra. For certain minerals we also observe significant spectral change depending on the geologic origin of the sample. All three such effects (particle size, preparation and provenance) result in substantial change in the reflectance spectra for solid materials; successful identification algorithms will require sufficient flexibility to account for these parameters. C1 [Su, Yin-Fong; Myers, Tanya L.; Brauer, Carolyn S.; Blake, Thomas A.; Szecsody, J. E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Su, YF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K3-61, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Timothy.Johnson@pnnl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-316-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9253 AR 925304 DI 10.1117/12.2069954 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB9ZT UT WOS:000348835800007 ER PT S AU Benk, MP Miyakawa, RH Chao, WL Wang, YG Wojdyla, A Johnson, DG Donoghue, AP Goldberg, KA AF Benk, Markus P. Miyakawa, Ryan H. Chao, Weilun Wang, Yow-Gwo Wojdyla, Antoine Johnson, David G. Donoghue, Alexander P. Goldberg, Kenneth A. BE Ackmann, PW Hayashi, N TI A broader view on EUV-masks: adding complementary imaging modes to the SHARP microscope SO PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photomask Technology CY SEP 16-18, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, BACUS DE Mask; photomask; EUV; mask imaging; aerial image; zoneplate; Zernike Phase Contrast; Differential Interference Contrast ID X-RAY MICROSCOPY; PHASE-CONTRAST; ZONE PLATES AB The authors are expanding the capabilities of the SHARP microscope by implementing complementary imaging modes. SHARP (the SEMATECH High-NA Actinic Reticle review Project) is an actinic, synchrotron-based microscope dedicated to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomask research. SHARP's programmable Fourier Synthesis Illuminator and its use of Fresnel zoneplate lenses as imaging optics provide a versatile framework, facilitating the implementation of diverse modes beyond conventional imaging. In addition to SHARP's set of standard zoneplates, we have created more than 100 zoneplates for complementary imaging modes, all designed to extract additional information from photomasks, improve navigation and enhance defect detection. More than 50 new zoneplates are installed in the tool; the remaining lenses are currently in production. In this paper we discuss the design and fabrication of zoneplates for complementary imaging modes and present image data, obtained using Zernike Phase Contrast and different implementations of Differential Interference Contrast. C1 [Benk, Markus P.; Miyakawa, Ryan H.; Chao, Weilun; Wojdyla, Antoine; Johnson, David G.; Donoghue, Alexander P.; Goldberg, Kenneth A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Yow-Gwo] Univ Calif, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benk, MP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mpbenk@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH11231]; SHARP microscope FX The Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05CH11231. We gratefully acknowledge SEMATECH funding of the SHARP microscope, and Anne Rudack the SHARP project manager. Test masks used in imaging experiments described above were provided by Global Foundries and Intel. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-298-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9235 AR UNSP 92350K DI 10.1117/12.2065513 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BC0RE UT WOS:000349389500016 ER PT S AU Claus, RA Neureuther, AR Naulleau, PP Waller, L AF Claus, Rene A. Neureuther, Andrew R. Naulleau, Patrick P. Waller, Laura BE Ackmann, PW Hayashi, N TI Effect of Amplitude Roughness on EUV Mask Specification SO PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photomask Technology CY SEP 16-18, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, BACUS DE Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography; Mask Roughness; Scatterometry; Amplitude Roughness; Phase Roughness AB The importance of partitioning scatterometry data from EUV multilayer mask blanks into amplitude and phase roughness on meeting LWR specifications is examined using thin mask simulations. Scatterometry measurements are unable to determine whether the scattering is due to phase or reflectivity variations. We show that if a fraction of the scattering is due to amplitude roughness there can be a significant impact on the total amount of scatter permitted to meet the LWR specification. C1 [Claus, Rene A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neureuther, Andrew R.; Waller, Laura] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Naulleau, Patrick P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Claus, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM renec@eecs.berkeley.edu FU IMPACT+ program FX This research was supported by collaboration with industry under the IMPACT+ program. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-298-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9235 AR UNSP 92351A DI 10.1117/12.2069073 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BC0RE UT WOS:000349389500038 ER PT S AU Wang, YG Miyakawa, R Chao, WL Goldberg, K Neureuther, A Naulleau, P AF Wang, Yow-Gwo Miyakawa, Ryan Chao, Weilun Goldberg, Kenneth Neureuther, Andy Naulleau, Patrick BE Ackmann, PW Hayashi, N TI Phase-enhanced defect sensitivity for EUV mask inspection SO PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photomask Technology CY SEP 16-18, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, BACUS DE EUV Mask Inspection; Native Defect; Zernike Phase Contrast Microscope AB In this paper, we present a complete study on mask blank and patterned mask inspection utilizing the Zernike phase contrast method. The Zernike phase contrast method provides in-focus inspection ability to study phase defects with enhanced defect sensitivity. However, the 90 degree phase shift in the pupil will significantly reduce the amplitude defect signal at focus. In order to detect both types of defects with a single scan, an optimized phase shift instead of 90 degree on the pupil plane is proposed to achieve an acceptable trade-off on their signal strengths. We can get a 70% of its maximum signal strength at focus for both amplitude and phase defects with a 47 degree phase shift. For SNR, the tradeoff between speckle noise and signal strength has to be considered. The SNR of phase and amplitude defects at focus can both reach 11 with 13 degree phase shift and 50% apodization. Moreover, the simulation results on patterned mask inspection of partially hidden phase defects with die-to-database inspection approach on the blank inspection tool show that the improvement of the Zernike phase method is more limited. A 40% enhancement of peak signal strength can be achieved with the Zernike phase contrast method when the defect is centered in the space, while the enhancement drops to less than 10% when it is beneath the line. C1 [Wang, Yow-Gwo; Miyakawa, Ryan; Chao, Weilun; Goldberg, Kenneth; Neureuther, Andy; Naulleau, Patrick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, YG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-298-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9235 AR 92350L DI 10.1117/12.2069291 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BC0RE UT WOS:000349389500017 ER PT J AU Cleveland, MA Gentile, N AF Cleveland, Mathew A. Gentile, Nick TI Mitigating Teleportation Error in Frequency-Dependent Hybrid Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion Methods SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE implicit Monte Carlo diffusion (IMD); discreet diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC); hybrid transport diffusion; teleportation error ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; TIME AB This work investigates teleportation error in frequency-dependent Hybrid Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion (HIMCD). HIMCD dynamically applies Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion (Gentile, 2001; Cleveland et al., 2010) to regions of a problem that are opaque and diffusive while applying standard Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) (Fleck and Cummings, 1971) to regions where the diffusion approximation is invalid. Teleportation error arises in Monte Carlo simulations when a source is represented with the wrong spatial distribution causing radiation energy to propagate unphysically fast through a material (McKinley et al., 2003). Both frequency-dependent HIMCD and Hybrid IMC/Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (Densmore et al., 2012) suffer from a new source of teleportation error that is intrinsic to these methods. This teleportation error arises from sampling a new spatial location of a Monte Carlo particle when it scatters from a diffusive opaque group to a moderately opaque transport group. In this work we show that sampling these "up-scatter" locations with a flat spatial distribution in the cell, as was done in previous work (Densmore et al., 2012; Wollaeger et al., 2013), creates significant teleportation error in optically thick cells. We then show that source tilting can improve these results for moderately opaque cells, but is not accurate enough to significantly improve the teleportation error in extremely opaque cells. Finally we present a new set of criteria that can be used to define which opacity groups are diffusive, in conjunction with source tilting, to significantly reduce teleportation regardless of the cell's opacity. We refer to this new set of diffusion criteria as "over-lumping" because it includes moderately opaque frequency groups, which were previously excluded by other criteria (Densmore et al., 2012), into the diffusion domain. The over-lumping criterion is tested using two test cases: a Marshak wave moving through stationary optically thick iron, and a frequency-dependent radiation hydrodynamic ablation test case. C1 [Cleveland, Mathew A.; Gentile, Nick] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cleveland, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-405,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cleveland7@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 6 EP 37 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.909850 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200004 ER PT J AU Betzler, BR Martin, WR Kiedrowski, BC Brown, FB AF Betzler, B. R. Martin, W. R. Kiedrowski, B. C. Brown, F. B. TI Calculating alpha Eigenvalues of One-Dimensional Media with Monte Carlo SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE alpha eigenvalues; Monte Carlo methods; neutron transport ID NEUTRON-TRANSPORT EQUATION; TIME-EIGENVALUES; OPERATOR; SPECTRUM; MODES AB This paper presents results from the application of a Monte Carlo Markov Transition Rate Matrix Method to calculate forward and adjoint alpha eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of one-speed slabs, and perform eigenfunction expansion to approximate the time-dependent flux response to user-defined sources. The formulation of this method relies on the interpretation that the operator in the adjoint alpha-eigenvalue problem describes a continuous-time Markov process, i.e., elements of this operator are rates defining particles transitioning among the position-energy-direction phase space. A forward Monte Carlo simulation tallies these elements for a discretized phase space, using careful bookkeeping during the random walk. We compare calculated eigenvalues and eigenfunctions to those obtained by the Green's Function Method for multiplying and non-multiplying multi-region slabs. C1 [Betzler, B. R.; Martin, W. R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kiedrowski, B. C.; Brown, F. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Monte Carlo Codes Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Betzler, BR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM bbetzler@umich.edu OI Betzler, Benjamin/0000-0001-8425-9711 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.909851 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200005 ER PT J AU Willert, J Kelley, CT Knoll, DA Park, H AF Willert, J. Kelley, C. T. Knoll, D. A. Park, H. TI A Hybrid Deterministic/Monte Carlo Method for Solving the k-Eigenvalue Problem with a Comparison to Analog Monte Carlo Solutions SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutron transport; k-eigenvalue problem; hybrid methods; moment-based acceleration AB In this article we present a hybrid deterministic/Monte Carlo algorithm for computing the dominant eigenvalue/eigenvector pair for the neutron transport k-eigenvalue problem in multiple space dimensions. We begin by deriving the Nonlinear Diffusion Acceleration method (Knoll, Park, and Newman, 2011; Park, Knoll, and Newman, 2012) for the k-eigenvalue problem. We demonstrate that we can adapt the algorithm to utilize a Monte Carlo simulation in place of a deterministic transport sweep. We then show that the new hybrid method can be used to solve a two-group, two dimensional eigenvalue problem. The hybrid method is competitive with analog Monte Carlo in terms of number of particle flights required to compute the eigenvalue; however it produces a much less noisy eigenvector and fission source distribution. Furthermore, we show that we can reduce the error induced by the discretization of the low-order system by appropriate refinement of the mesh. C1 [Willert, J.; Knoll, D. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theort Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kelley, C. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Park, H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Willert, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theort Div, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jaw@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors, an Energy Innovation Hub for Modeling and Simulation of Nuclear Reactors under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was performed under U.S. government contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy.; The work of C. T. Kelley has been partially supported by the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (www.casl.gov), an Energy Innovation Hub (http://www,energy.gov/hubs) for Modeling and Simulation of Nuclear Reactors under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 50 EP 67 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.910225 PG 18 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200006 ER PT J AU Taitano, WT Knoll, DA Chacon, L Reisner, JM Prinja, AK AF Taitano, William T. Knoll, Dana A. Chacon, Luis Reisner, Jon M. Prinja, Anil K. TI Moment-Based Acceleration for Neutral Gas Kinetics with BGK Collision Operator SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE HOLO; moment acceleration; gas dynamics; discrete consistency ID CONSERVATION-LAWS; EQUATIONS; SCHEMES; CONVECTION AB In this work, we present a moment-based accelerator algorithm for a Picard iteration applied to a neutral gas dynamics Boltzmann transport equation with a Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision operator. Traditional approaches relying on either explicit or Picard iteration schemes (i.e., source iteration) are severely limited for investigating time-scales much larger than the collisional relaxation time-scale, tau. We have developed a nonlinear accelerator algorithm that allows one to step over this stiff collision time scale and follow the hydrodynamic time scale of the problem when appropriate. The new algorithm relies on formulating a nonlinear, coupled system comprised of a high-order (HO) kinetic equation and a low-order (LO) fluid moment equation system. The HO equation provides self-consistent closures to the LO fluid equations, while the latter provides the required implicit-moment variables to evaluate the collision operator. We characterize the performance of the new algorithm on a Sod shock tube and a strong shock tube problem with varying Knudsen number. C1 [Taitano, William T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp XCP 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Taitano, William T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Applicat Grp XCP 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Knoll, Dana A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Integrated Design & Assessment Grp XTD IDA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chacon, Luis] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp T5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Reisner, Jon M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Methods & Algorithms Grp XCP 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Prinja, Anil K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Taitano, WT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Theory Grp XCP 6, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM taitano@lanl.gov OI Chacon, Luis/0000-0002-4566-8763 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 83 EP 108 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.910228 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200008 ER PT J AU Pautz, SD Drumm, C Fan, WC Turner, CD AF Pautz, Shawn D. Drumm, Clif Fan, Wesley C. Turner, C. David TI A Discontinuous Phase-Space Finite Element Discretization of the Linear Boltzmann-Vlasov Equation for Charged Particle Transport SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Boltzmann; Vlasov; charged particle; electromagnetic fields ID SCHEMES AB We examine the modeling of charged-particle transport when both collision processes with background media and electromagnetic effects are important using the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation. We derive and transform the Boltzmann-Vlasov equation into a form very similar to the standard linear Boltzmann equation with additional operators. We apply the discontinuous finite element methods for discretization in the spatial, energy, and angular variables. An implementation of these methods demonstrates correct transport behavior for fixed electric and magnetic fields. We also demonstrate coupling to Maxwell's equations with a simple electromagnetic solver to generate self-consistent fields. C1 [Pautz, Shawn D.; Drumm, Clif; Fan, Wesley C.; Turner, C. David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pautz, SD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sdpautz@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 128 EP 147 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.910230 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200010 ER PT J AU Lowrie, RB Wollaber, AB AF Lowrie, Robert B. Wollaber, Allan B. TI Simple Material-Motion Corrections for Thermal Radiative Transport SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photon transport; radiation transport ID DIFFUSION; TIME AB The laboratory-frame, material-motion corrections due to Morel (2006) are generalized to include a term that transports the radiation angular intensity at a multiple of the material flow speed. The generalization is shown to retain the conservation and asymptotic properties of Morel's treatment. When the flow-speed multiplier is 4/3, the new treatment can be derived from the comoving-frame radiation energy equation. Results are shown for a radiative shock problem using Implicit Monte Carlo. C1 [Lowrie, Robert B.; Wollaber, Allan B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lowrie, RB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods CCS 2, MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lowrie@lanl.gov OI Lowrie, Robert/0000-0001-5537-9183; Wollaber, Allan/0000-0001-5997-9610 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 148 EP 161 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.910232 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200011 ER PT J AU Patel, JK Park, H de Oliveira, CRE Knoll, DA AF Patel, J. K. Park, H. de Oliveira, C. R. E. Knoll, D. A. TI Efficient Multiphysics Coupling for Fast Burst Reactors in Slab Geometry SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutron transport; nonlinear diffusion acceleration; HOLO; fast burst reactors; IMEX; multiphysics ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER PROBLEMS; ACCELERATION; ALGORITHM AB An efficient neutron transport-based multiphysics coupling algorithm is developed to model fast-burst reactor dynamics. It extends the previously developed tightly coupled implicit-explicit (IMEX) multiphysics algorithm based on neutron diffusion and linear mechanics to follow the dynamic time scale of the problem. The diffusion model is not expected to adequately represent the neutronic behavior of the system due its small size. The transport effects are incorporated using the moment-based acceleration concept. This concept enables us to isolate the angular flux from the coupled multiphysics system by using a consistently discretized lower-order system for the scalar flux in the coupling equations, thus helping to mitigate the increased numerical burden associated with a neutron transport model. Solution of a representative slab model demonstrates the difference between diffusion and transport models and also demonstrates second-order convergence in the coupled simulation with the combination of the moment-based acceleration concept and the IMEX algorithm. C1 [Patel, J. K.; de Oliveira, C. R. E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Park, H.; Knoll, D. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Patel, JK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, 5600 Gibson Blvd SE,Apartment 424, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM patelja@unm.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under U.S. government contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 289 EP 313 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.915222 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200017 ER PT J AU Park, H Knoll, DA Rauenzahn, RM Wollaber, AB Lowrie, RB AF Park, H. Knoll, D. A. Rauenzahn, R. M. Wollaber, A. B. Lowrie, R. B. TI Moment-Based Acceleration of Monte Carlo Solution for Multifrequency Thermal Radiative Transfer Problems SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermal radiative transfer; moment-based acceleration; Monte Carlo method ID KRYLOV METHODS; EQUATIONS; TRANSPORT; TIME AB We have extended a Monte Carlo-based, moment-based acceleration algorithm to the solution of multifrequency thermal radiative transfer problems. This study focuses on two aspects. First, we consider stability/accuracy issues for a predictor-corrector time-stepping. It is demonstrated that with a consistent Planckian-weighted opacity the predictor-corrector algorithm can run stably with a larger time-step size compared to a fixed (or lagged) opacity case. With this advancement, consistency improves by about two orders of magnitude, while additional computational cost is kept minimal (< 10%). We also extend the "asymptotic assistance" concept to multifrequency problems. This technique replaces the multifrequency Monte Carlo solution with an asymptotic solution of the O(epsilon) accurate solution of the equilibrium diffusion limit in optically thick regions. With this technique, the computational time is reduced about a factor of four in a one-dimensional problem. Furthermore, the solution with asymptotic assistance can become more accurate for a similar computational time because it enables a finer group structure in the high-order problem. C1 [Park, H.; Knoll, D. A.; Rauenzahn, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Wollaber, A. B.; Lowrie, R. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Park, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp T3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM hkpark@lanl.gov OI Lowrie, Robert/0000-0001-5537-9183; Wollaber, Allan/0000-0001-5997-9610 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under US government contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 314 EP 335 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.917327 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200018 ER PT J AU Hansen, J Peterson, J Morel, J Ragusa, J Wang, YQ AF Hansen, Jon Peterson, Jacob Morel, Jim Ragusa, Jean Wang, Yaqi TI A Least-Squares Transport Equation Compatible with Voids SO TRANSPORT THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE S-n; second-order; self-adjoint ID DIFFUSIVE REGIMES AB Standard second-order self-adjoint forms of the transport equation, such as the even-parity, odd-parity, and self-adjoint angular flux equation, cannot be used in voids. Perhaps more important, they experience numerical convergence difficulties in near-voids. Here we present a new form of a second-order self-adjoint transport equation that has an advantage relative to standard forms in that it can be used in voids or near-voids. Our equation is closely related to the standard least-squares form of the transport equation with both equations being applicable in a void and having a nonconservative analytic form. However, unlike the standard least-squares form of the transport equation, our least-squares equation is compatible with source iteration. It has been found that the standard least-squares form of the transport equation with a linear-continuous finite-element spatial discretization has difficulty in the thick diffusion limit. Here we extensively test the 1D slab-geometry version of our scheme with respect to void solutions, spatial convergence rate, and the intermediate and thick diffusion limits. We also define an effective diffusion synthetic acceleration scheme for our discretization. Our conclusion is that our least-squares S-n formulation represents an excellent alternative to existing second-order S-n transport formulations. C1 [Hansen, Jon; Peterson, Jacob; Morel, Jim; Ragusa, Jean] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Wang, Yaqi] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Morel, J (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, 3133 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM morel@tamu.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0041-1450 EI 1532-2424 J9 TRANSPORT THEOR STAT JI Transport. Theor. Statist. Phys. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 1-7 SI SI BP 374 EP 401 DI 10.1080/00411450.2014.927364 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA CB5AZ UT WOS:000349641200021 ER PT J AU Campione, S Liu, S Capolino, F Brener, I Sinclair, MB AF Campione, S. Liu, S. Capolino, F. Brener, I. Sinclair, M. B. GP IEEE TI Tailoring the Properties of Dielectric Resonator-Based Metamaterials SO 2014 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIALS IN MICROWAVES AND OPTICS (METAMATERIALS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (Metamaterials) CY AUG 25-28, 2014 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK ID SCATTERING AB Dielectric resonators represent a promising path toward low loss metamaterials at optical frequencies. In this paper we describe a methodology for tailoring the design of metamaterial resonators as well as recovering their polarizibilies. Examples are provided spanning the range from an isolated resonator with designed scattering properties, to two- and three-dimensional metamaterial arrays exhibiting artificial magnetic properties. C1 [Campione, S.; Liu, S.; Brener, I.] Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Campione, S.; Liu, S.; Brener, I.; Sinclair, M. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Capolino, F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Campione, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mbsincl@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Portions of this work were supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3452-2 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC0JJ UT WOS:000349110600137 ER PT J AU Campione, S Guclu, C Capolino, F AF Campione, S. Guclu, C. Capolino, F. GP IEEE TI Array-Induced Fano Resonances Make High Quality Factors Possible in Plasmonic Systems SO 2014 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIALS IN MICROWAVES AND OPTICS (METAMATERIALS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (Metamaterials) CY AUG 25-28, 2014 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK ID NANOPARTICLE CLUSTERS; METAMATERIALS; METASURFACES; NANOCLUSTERS AB We introduce the concept of array-induced Fano resonances in two-dimensional periodic arrays (metasurfaces) of plasmonic nanoparticle clusters as a mean to generate very narrow resonances despite the presence of metallic losses. We find that array-induced Fano resonances have the potential to be narrower than isolated-cluster-induced ones, and may lead to even larger field enhancements. We provide two representative examples: (i) a metasurface made of circular nanoclusters; (ii) a metasurface made of linear trimers. However, in principle the concept here introduced can be empirically extended to any cluster size and configuration. Application of array-induced Fano resonances include the improvement of sensor devices, for example. C1 [Campione, S.; Guclu, C.; Capolino, F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Campione, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM f.capolino@uci.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3452-2 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC0JJ UT WOS:000349110600042 ER PT J AU Kadlec, C Skoromets, V Dominec, F Nemec, H Kadlec, F Schubert, J Heyes, J Chowdhury, DR Chen, HT Kuzel, P AF Kadlec, C. Skoromets, V. Dominec, F. Nemec, H. Kadlec, F. Schubert, J. Heyes, J. Chowdhury, D. Roy Chen, H. -T. Kuzel, P. GP IEEE TI Electric-field tunable THz metamaterials based on strained SrTiO3 films SO 2014 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC MATERIALS IN MICROWAVES AND OPTICS (METAMATERIALS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (Metamaterials) CY AUG 25-28, 2014 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK AB We demonstrate the possibility to tune the permittivity of thin films of strontium titanate by means of an electric field. We propose to deposit on top of such films a metallic metamaterial structure designed to resonate in the terahertz range. The amplitude and frequency of this resonance will then be tunable by applying a bias. C1 [Kadlec, C.; Skoromets, V.; Dominec, F.; Nemec, H.; Kadlec, F.; Kuzel, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. [Schubert, J.] JARA Fundamentals Future Informat Technol, Res Ctr Juilich, Inst Bio & Nanosyst, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Heyes, J.; Chowdhury, D. Roy; Chen, H. -T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadlec, C (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Na Slovance 2, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. EM kadlecch@fzu.cz RI Kuzel, Petr/G-6006-2014; Nemec, Hynek/G-6150-2014; Kadlec, Christelle/G-7947-2014; Skoromets, Volodymyr/G-6775-2014 OI Nemec, Hynek/0000-0002-9488-8711; Kadlec, Christelle/0000-0003-2820-4462; FU Czech Science Foundation [14-25639S] FX We acknowledge the support of the Czech Science Foundation under the Grant No. 14-25639S. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3452-2 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC0JJ UT WOS:000349110600119 ER PT S AU Singh, G Bowman, DA Hicks, D Cline, D Ogle, JT Ragan, ED Johnson, A Zlokas, R AF Singh, Gurjot Bowman, Doug A. Hicks, David Cline, David Ogle, J. Todd Ragan, Eric D. Johnson, Aaron Zlokas, Rosemary BE Duh, H Stadon, J Stapleton, C TI CI-Spy: Using Mobile-AR for Scaffolding Historical Inquiry Learning SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MIXED AND AUGMENTED REALITY - MEDIA, ART, SOCIAL SCIENCE, HUMANITIES AND DESIGN (IMSAR-MASH'D) SE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality - Media, Art, Social Science, Humanities and Design (IMSAR-MASHD) CY SEP 10-12, 2014 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm DE H.5.1 [Information Technology and Systems]: Information Interfaces and Representation (HCI); Artificial, augmented, and virtual realities; K.3.1 [Computing Milieux]: Computers and Education; Computer Uses in Education AB Learning how to think critically, analyze sources, and develop an evidence-based account is central to learning history. Often, learners struggle to understand inquiry, to apply it in specific scenarios, and to remain engaged while learning it. This paper discusses preliminary design of a mobile AR system that explicitly teaches inquiry strategies for historical sources and engages students to practice in an augmented real-world context while scaffolding their progression. The overarching question guiding our project is how and to what extent AR technologies can be used to support learning of critical inquiry strategies and processes. C1 [Singh, Gurjot; Bowman, Doug A.; Hicks, David; Cline, David; Ogle, J. Todd; Johnson, Aaron; Zlokas, Rosemary] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Ragan, Eric D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Singh, G (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM gurjot@acm.org FU National Science Foundation [IIS-1318977] FX This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under award IIS-1318977. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-7868 BN 978-1-4799-6887-9 J9 INT SYM MIX AUGMENT PY 2014 BP 73 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BC0LW UT WOS:000349183500013 ER PT S AU Zhang, ZR Wu, S Stenoien, DL Pasa-Tolic, L AF Zhang, Zhaorui Wu, Si Stenoien, David L. Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana BE Cooks, RG Pemberton, JE TI High-Throughput Proteomics SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 7 SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE proteomics; mass spectrometry; liquid chromatography; ion-mobility spectrometry ID PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; TOP-DOWN PROTEOMICS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER DISSOCIATION; COMPLEX PROTEIN MIXTURES; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; MULTIPLEXED QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; INFRARED MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION; INCREASED DYNAMIC-RANGE AB Mass spectrometry (MS)-based high-throughput proteomics is the core technique for large-scale protein characterization. Due to the extreme complexity of proteomes, sophisticated separation techniques and advanced MS instrumentation have been developed to extend coverage and enhance dynamic range and sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the separation and prefractionation techniques applied for large-scale analysis in both bottom-up (i. e., peptide-level) and top-down (i. e., protein-level) proteomics. Different approaches for quantifying peptides or intact proteins, including label-free and stable-isotope-labeling strategies, are also discussed. In addition, we present a brief overview of different types of mass analyzers and fragmentation techniques as well as selected emerging techniques. C1 [Zhang, Zhaorui; Wu, Si; Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Stenoien, David L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhaorui.zhang@pnnl.gov; si.wu@pnnl.gov; david.stenoien@pnnl.gov; ljiljana.pasatolic@pnnl.gov RI Zhang, Zhaorui/C-3478-2016 OI Zhang, Zhaorui/0000-0001-7406-0370 NR 173 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 26 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-1327 BN 978-0-8243-4407-8 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2014 VL 7 BP 427 EP 454 DI 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020216 D2 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092557 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BB9KY UT WOS:000348429100020 PM 25014346 ER PT S AU Bajaj, P Schweller, RM Khademhosseini, A West, JL Bashir, R AF Bajaj, Piyush Schweller, Ryan M. Khademhosseini, Ali West, Jennifer L. Bashir, Rashid BE Yarmush, ML TI 3D Biofabrication Strategies for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL 16 SE Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE hydrogels; stem cells; scaffolds; bioprinting; photolithography; vascularization ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; THIOL-ACRYLATE PHOTOPOLYMERS; CLICK-BASED HYDROGELS; IN-VITRO; 3-DIMENSIONAL HYDROGELS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); CROSS-LINKING; COLLAGEN HYDROGEL; VASCULAR NETWORKS; POLYMER SCAFFOLDS AB Over the past several decades, there has been an ever-increasing demand for organ transplants. However, there is a severe shortage of donor organs, and as a result of the increasing demand, the gap between supply and demand continues to widen. A potential solution to this problem is to grow or fabricate organs using biomaterial scaffolds and a person's own cells. Although the realization of this solution has been limited, the development of new biofabrication approaches has made it more realistic. This review provides an overview of natural and synthetic biomaterials that have been used for organ/tissue development. It then discusses past and current biofabrication techniques, with a brief explanation of the state of the art. Finally, the review highlights the need for combining vascularization strategies with current biofabrication techniques. Given the multitude of applications of biofabrication technologies, from organ/tissue development to drug discovery/screening to development of complex in vitro models of human diseases, these manufacturing technologies can have a significant impact on the future of medicine and health care. C1 [Bajaj, Piyush; Bashir, Rashid] Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bajaj, Piyush; Bashir, Rashid] Univ Illinois, Micro & Nanotechnol Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bashir, Rashid] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bajaj, Piyush] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Def Syst & Anal Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schweller, Ryan M.; West, Jennifer L.] Duke Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Khademhosseini, Ali] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Biomed Engn,Dept Med, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Khademhosseini, Ali] Harvard Univ, Wyss Inst Biol Inspired Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Khademhosseini, Ali] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Khademhosseini, Ali] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Maxillofacial Biomed Engn, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Khademhosseini, Ali] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Dent, Inst Oral Biol, Seoul 130701, South Korea. [Khademhosseini, Ali] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Phys, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia. RP Bajaj, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Bioengn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM rbashir@illinois.edu OI Khademhosseini, Ali/0000-0001-6322-8852 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [F32 HL120650, F32HL120650]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI081534, R01 AI081534]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR057837, R01 AR057837]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB02597] NR 168 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 36 U2 154 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1523-9829 BN 978-0-8243-3516-8 J9 ANNU REV BIOMED ENG JI Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. PY 2014 VL 16 BP 247 EP 276 DI 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071813-105155 PG 30 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BB9LF UT WOS:000348433000010 PM 24905875 ER PT S AU Bhattacharya, A May, SJ AF Bhattacharya, Anand May, Steven J. BE Clarke, DR TI Magnetic Oxide Heterostructures SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 44 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE magnetism; complex oxides; epitaxial heterostructures; interfacial phenomena; perovskites ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; ARTIFICIAL SUPERLATTICES; PHASE-SEPARATION; PEROVSKITE; INTERFACE; MANGANITES; FERROMAGNETISM; RECONSTRUCTION AB Complex transition metal oxides have played a central role in the study of magnetic materials, serving as model systems for explorations of fundamental exchange interactions and the relationships between structural, electronic, and magnetic responses. Enabled by advances in epitaxial synthesis techniques, abrupt heterointerfaces and superlattices have emerged as a powerful platform for engineering novel magnetic behavior in oxides. Following a brief introduction to the dominant exchange mechanisms in metal oxides, we review the general means by which interfacial magnetism can be tailored in ABO(3) perovskites, including interfacial charge transfer, epitaxial strain and structural coupling, orbital polarizations and reconstructions, and tailoring exchange interactions via cation ordering. Recent examples are provided to illustrate how these strategies have been employed at isolated interfaces and in short-period superlattices. We conclude by briefly discussing underexplored and emerging research directions in the field. C1 [Bhattacharya, Anand] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bhattacharya, Anand] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [May, Steven J.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Bhattacharya, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anand@anl.gov; smay@coe.drexel.edu RI May, Steven/D-8563-2011; Bhattacharya, Anand/G-1645-2011 OI May, Steven/0000-0002-8097-1549; Bhattacharya, Anand/0000-0002-6839-6860 NR 149 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 16 U2 86 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1744-7 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2014 VL 44 BP 65 EP 90 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113447 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB9LT UT WOS:000348451900005 ER PT S AU Zinkle, SJ Snead, LL AF Zinkle, S. J. Snead, L. L. BE Clarke, DR TI Designing Radiation Resistance in Materials for Fusion Energy SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 44 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE fusion reactors; fission reactors; neutron irradiation; structural materials; displacement damage ID AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; LOW-ACTIVATION MATERIALS; RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; IRRADIATED TYPE 316; VOID FORMATION; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENT; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AB Proposed fusion and advanced (Generation IV) fission energy systems require high-performance materials capable of satisfactory operation up to neutron damage levels approaching 200 atomic displacements per atom with large amounts of transmutant hydrogen and helium isotopes. After a brief overview of fusion reactor concepts and radiation effects phenomena in structural and functional (nonstructural) materials, three fundamental options for designing radiation resistance are outlined: Utilize matrix phases with inherent radiation tolerance, select materials in which vacancies are immobile at the design operating temperatures, or engineer materials with high sink densities for point defect recombination. Environmental and safety considerations impose several additional restrictions on potential materials systems, but reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steels (including thermomechanically treated and oxide dispersion-strengthened options) and silicon carbide ceramic composites emerge as robust structural materials options. Materials modeling (including computational thermodynamics) and advanced manufacturing methods are poised to exert a major impact in the next ten years. C1 [Zinkle, S. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zinkle, S. J.; Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zinkle, SJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM szinkle@utk.edu; sneadll@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 156 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 23 U2 100 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1744-7 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2014 VL 44 BP 241 EP 267 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113627 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB9LT UT WOS:000348451900012 ER PT S AU Beyerlein, IJ Zhang, XH Misra, A AF Beyerlein, Irene J. Zhang, Xinghang Misra, Amit BE Clarke, DR TI Growth Twins and Deformation Twins in Metals SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 44 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE nanotwinned metals; mechanisms; grain boundaries; interfaces; polycrystals ID CENTERED-CUBIC METALS; HIGH ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; NB MULTILAYER COMPOSITES; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; CLOSE-PACKED CRYSTALS; NANOTWINNED AG FILMS; STRAIN-PATH CHANGES; STEEL THIN-FILMS; HCP METALS AB This article reviews recent basic research on two classes of twins: growth twins and deformation twins. We focus primarily on studies that aim to understand, via experiments, modeling, or both, the causes and effects of twinning at a fundamental level. We anticipate that, by providing a broad perspective on the latest advances in twinning, this review will help set the stage for designing new metallic materials with unprecedented combinations of mechanical and physical properties. C1 [Beyerlein, Irene J.; Misra, Amit] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhang, Xinghang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zhang, Xinghang] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 185 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 19 U2 109 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1744-7 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2014 VL 44 BP 329 EP 363 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113304 PG 35 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB9LT UT WOS:000348451900015 ER PT S AU Sawyer, WG Argibay, N Burris, DL Krick, BA AF Sawyer, W. Gregory Argibay, Nicolas Burris, David L. Krick, Brandon A. BE Clarke, DR TI Mechanistic Studies in Friction and Wear of Bulk Materials SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 44 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE wear; friction; tribology; metals; PTFE; ionic solids; nanocomposites; electrical contacts ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SLIDING ELECTRICAL CONTACTS; CRYSTAL-CHEMICAL APPROACH; GRAIN-BOUNDARY DIFFUSION; LAYER DISPERSION DEGREE; FILLED PTFE COMPOSITES; HIGH-CURRENT BRUSHES; HIGH-CURRENT DENSITY; METAL FIBER BRUSHES; ULTRA-LOW WEAR AB From the context of a contemporary understanding of the phenomenological origins of friction and wear of materials, we review insightful contributions from recent experimental investigations of three classes of materials that exhibit uniquely contrasting tribological behaviors: metals, polymers, and ionic solids. We focus on the past decade of research by the community to better understand the correlations between environment parameters, materials properties, and tribological behavior in systems of increasingly greater complexity utilizing novel synthesis and in situ experimental techniques. In addition to such review, and a half-century after seminal publications on the subject, we present recently acquired evidence linking anisotropy in friction response with anisotropy in wear behavior of crystalline ionic solids as a function of crystallographic orientation. Although the tribological behaviors of metals, polymers, and ionic solids differ widely, it is increasingly more evident that the mechanistic origins (such as fatigue, corrosion, abrasion, and adhesion) are essentially the same. However, we hope to present a clear and compelling argument favoring the prominent and irreplaceable role of in situ experimental techniques as a bridge between fundamental atomistic and molecular processes and emergent behaviors governing tribological contacts. C1 [Sawyer, W. Gregory] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Argibay, Nicolas] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Burris, David L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Krick, Brandon A.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Sawyer, WG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM wgsawyer@ufl.edu NR 235 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 19 U2 80 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1744-7 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2014 VL 44 BP 395 EP 427 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113533 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB9LT UT WOS:000348451900016 ER PT S AU McCallum, RW Lewis, LH Skomski, R Kramer, MJ Anderson, IE AF McCallum, R. W. Lewis, L. H. Skomski, R. Kramer, M. J. Anderson, I. E. BE Clarke, DR TI Practical Aspects of Modern and Future Permanent Magnets SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 44 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE alnico; ferrite; rare earth magnets; energy product; magnetic anisotropy ID MN-AL-C; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; IRON PARTICLES; TAU-PHASE; ALLOYS; ANISOTROPY; COBALT; FE; COMPOUND; NITRIDES AB The mandate to reduce greenhouse gases will require highly efficient electric machines for both power generation and traction motor applications. Although permanent magnet electric machines utilizing Nd2Fe14B-based magnets provide obvious power-to-weight advantages over induction machines, the limited availability and high price of the rare earth (RE) metals make these machines less favorable. Of particular concern is the cost and supply criticality of Dy, a key RE element that is required to improve the high-temperature performance of Nd-based magnetic alloys for use in generators and traction motors. Alternatives to RE-based alloys do exist, but they currently lack the energy density necessary to replace Nd-based magnets. Many of these compounds have been known for decades, but serious interest in their development waned once compounds based on RE elements were discovered. In this review, intrinsic and extrinsic materials factors that impact the optimization of both existing and potential future permanent magnets for energy applications are examined in light of new insights gained from renewed examination. C1 [McCallum, R. W.; Kramer, M. J.; Anderson, I. E.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCallum, R. W.; Kramer, M. J.; Anderson, I. E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lewis, L. H.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Skomski, R.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Skomski, R.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP McCallum, RW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mccallum@ameslab.gov; lhlewis@neu.edu; rskomski2@unl.edu; mjkramer@ameslab.gov; andersoni@ameslab.gov NR 99 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 23 U2 79 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1744-7 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2014 VL 44 BP 451 EP 477 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113457 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB9LT UT WOS:000348451900004 ER PT J AU Samset, BH Myhre, G Herber, A Kondo, Y Li, SM Moteki, N Koike, M Oshima, N Schwarz, JP Balkanski, Y Bauer, SE Bellouin, N Berntsen, TK Bian, H Chin, M Diehl, T Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Lamarque, JF Lin, G Liu, X Penner, JE Schulz, M Seland, O Skeie, RB Stier, P Takemura, T Tsigaridis, K Zhang, K AF Samset, B. H. Myhre, G. Herber, A. Kondo, Y. Li, S-M. Moteki, N. Koike, M. Oshima, N. Schwarz, J. P. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. E. Bellouin, N. Berntsen, T. K. Bian, H. Chin, M. Diehl, T. Easter, R. C. Ghan, S. J. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Lamarque, J-F. Lin, G. Liu, X. Penner, J. E. Schulz, M. Seland, O. Skeie, R. B. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Tsigaridis, K. Zhang, K. TI Modelled black carbon radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetime in AeroCom Phase II constrained by aircraft observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PROFILES; CLIMATE MODELS; AEROSOL DIRECT; EMISSIONS; UNCERTAINTY; SENSITIVITY; PACIFIC; BUDGET AB Atmospheric black carbon (BC) absorbs solar radiation, and exacerbates global warming through exerting positive radiative forcing (RF). However, the contribution of BC to ongoing changes in global climate is under debate. Anthropogenic BC emissions, and the resulting distribution of BC concentration, are highly uncertain. In particular, long-range transport and processes affecting BC atmospheric lifetime are poorly understood. Here we discuss whether recent assessments may have overestimated present-day BC radiative forcing in remote regions. We compare vertical profiles of BC concentration from four recent aircraft measurement campaigns to simulations by 13 aerosol models participating in the AeroCom Phase II intercomparison. An atmospheric lifetime of BC of less than 5 days is shown to be essential for reproducing observations in remote ocean regions, in line with other recent studies. Adjusting model results to measurements in remote regions, and at high altitudes, leads to a 25% reduction in AeroCom Phase II median direct BC forcing, from fossil fuel and biofuel burning, over the industrial era. The sensitivity of modelled forcing to BC vertical profile and lifetime highlights an urgent need for further flight campaigns, close to sources and in remote regions, to provide improved quantification of BC effects for use in climate policy. C1 [Samset, B. H.; Myhre, G.; Berntsen, T. K.; Skeie, R. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Herber, A.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res Helmholtz, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Koike, M.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Li, S-M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Oshima, N.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Schwarz, J. P.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Balkanski, Y.] CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bellouin, N.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bian, H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Easter, R. C.; Ghan, S. J.; Zhang, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Schulz, M.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Lamarque, J-F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lin, G.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Liu, X.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Iversen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Iversen, T.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Bellouin, N.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Diehl, T.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Samset, BH (reprint author), CICERO, Oslo, Norway. EM b.h.samset@cicero.oslo.no RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Oshima, Naga/E-4708-2012; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Samset, Bjorn H./B-9248-2012; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Samset, Bjorn H./0000-0001-8013-1833; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; FU Research Council of Norway; EC [FP7-ENV-2011-282688]; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program - US Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; European Research Council under the European Union [FP7-280025]; UK NERC [NE/J022624/1]; NASA MAP [NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N, NN-H-08-Z-DA-001-N]; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore; Norwegian Space Center through the PM-VRAE project; National Science Foundation; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-0803, A-1101, 2-1403]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [23221001, 26701004] FX B. H. Samset, G. Myhre and M. Schulz were supported by the Research Council of Norway, through the grants SLAC, AEROCOM-P3 and EarthClim, and the EC Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement FP7-ENV-2011-282688 (ECLIPSE). R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, X. Liu and K. Zhang were supported by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by the US Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. P. Stier's research has been supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. FP7-280025 and by the UK NERC project GASSP (NE/J022624/1). S. E. Bauer was supported by the NASA MAP program (NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N and NN-H-08-Z-DA-001-N). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). T. Iversen, A. Kirkevag and O. Seland were supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, CRAICC, and through the EU projects PEGASOS and ACCESS. A. Kirkevag also received funding from the Norwegian Space Center through the PM-VRAE project. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. N. Bellouin was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, M. Koike, and N. Oshima were supported by the Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (A-0803, A-1101, and 2-1403) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23221001 and 26701004. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 22 BP 12465 EP 12477 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12465-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ9LR UT WOS:000348536700006 ER PT S AU Xu, TT Close, D Smartt, A Ripp, S Sayler, G AF Xu, Tingting Close, Dan Smartt, Abby Ripp, Steven Sayler, Gary BE Thouand, G Marks, R TI Detection of Organic Compounds with Whole-Cell Bioluminescent Bioassays SO BIOLUMINESCENCE: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY, VOL 1 SE Advances in Biochemical Engineering-Biotechnology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bacterial luciferase; Bioavailability; Bioreporter; Bioluminescence; BTEX; Dioxin; Endocrine disruptors; Environmental monitoring; Firefly luciferase; Hydrocarbon; PAH; PCB ID ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA F1; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RESPONSIVE LUCIFERASE REPORTER; GENE-EXPRESSION CALUX; DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS; TOL PLASMID PWWO; IN-VITRO; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; DRINKING-WATER AB Natural and manmade organic chemicals are widely deposited across a diverse range of ecosystems including air, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediment, and marine environments. Some organic compounds, despite their industrial values, are toxic to living organisms and pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife. Detection and monitoring of these organic pollutants in environmental matrices therefore is of great interest and need for remediation and health risk assessment. Although these detections have traditionally been performed using analytical chemical approaches that offer highly sensitive and specific identification of target compounds, these methods require specialized equipment and trained operators, and fail to describe potential bioavailable effects on living organisms. Alternatively, the integration of bioluminescent systems into whole-cell bioreporters presents a new capacity for organic compound detection. These bioreporters are constructed by incorporating reporter genes into catabolic or signaling pathways that are present within living cells and emit a bioluminescent signal that can be detected upon exposure to target chemicals. Although relatively less specific compared to analytical methods, bioluminescent bioassays are more cost-effective, more rapid, can be scaled to higher throughput, and can be designed to report not only the presence but also the bioavailability of target substances. This chapter reviews available bacterial and eukaryotic whole-cell bioreporters for sensing organic pollutants and their applications in a variety of sample matrices. C1 [Xu, Tingting; Sayler, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Biol Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Close, Dan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Smartt, Abby; Ripp, Steven; Sayler, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Smartt, Abby; Ripp, Steven; Sayler, Gary] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Sayler, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sayler@utk.edu RI Ripp, Steven/B-2305-2008; Close, Dan/A-4417-2012 OI Ripp, Steven/0000-0002-6836-1764; FU NCI NIH HHS [R21 CA127745] NR 155 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0724-6145 BN 978-3-662-43385-0; 978-3-662-43384-3 J9 ADV BIOCHEM ENG BIOT JI Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. PY 2014 VL 144 BP 111 EP 151 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-43385-0_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-662-43385-0 PG 41 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BB9TI UT WOS:000348642700004 PM 25084996 ER PT S AU Enterkin, JA Poeppelmeier, KR AF Enterkin, James A. Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R. BE Brown, ID Poeppelmeier, KR TI Bonding at Oxide Surfaces SO BOND VALENCES SE Structure and Bonding LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Adsorbates; Bond valence sum; Reconstruction; Surface structure; Surfaces ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SRTIO3(001) SURFACE; PEROVSKITE TITANATES; AB-INITIO; RECONSTRUCTIONS; MODEL; SRTIO3(110); RELAXATION; STABILITY; STM AB Concepts in chemical bonding when combined with physics-based energetic considerations can lead to a more complete understanding of the structure, stability, and reactivity of oxide surfaces. While this symbiosis has long been understood for bulk structures, chemical bonding considerations have historically been used less frequently for surfaces. In this chapter, we analyze the chemical bonding of published surface structures of SrTiO3 and MgO using bond valence sum analysis. Bond valence theory compares favorably with complex quantum mechanical calculations in assessing surface structures and explains the experimentally observed surface structures in a readily comprehensible manner. Bond valence theory also helps explain discrepancies between DFT predicted surface stability and experimentally observed surface structures, accurately predicts the adsorption of foreign species onto surfaces, and can be used to predict changes in surface structures. C1 [Enterkin, James A.; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. RP Enterkin, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM james.a.enterkin@gmail.com NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-5993 BN 978-3-642-54968-7; 978-3-642-54967-0 J9 STRUCT BOND JI Struct. Bond. PY 2014 VL 158 BP 205 EP 232 DI 10.1007/430_2013_98 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-54968-7 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BC0CF UT WOS:000348904700009 ER PT J AU Damiola, F Pertesi, M Oliver, J Le Calvez-Kelm, F Voegele, C Young, EL Robinot, N Forey, N Durand, G Vallee, MP Tao, K Roane, TC Williams, GJ Hopper, JL Southey, MC Andrulis, IL John, EM Goldgar, DE Lesueur, F Tavtigian, SV AF Damiola, Francesca Pertesi, Maroulio Oliver, Javier Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence Voegele, Catherine Young, Erin L. Robinot, Nivonirina Forey, Nathalie Durand, Geoffroy Vallee, Maxime P. Tao, Kayoko Roane, Terrell C. Williams, Gareth J. Hopper, John L. Southey, Melissa C. Andrulis, Irene L. John, Esther M. Goldgar, David E. Lesueur, Fabienne Tavtigian, Sean V. TI Rare key functional domain missense substitutions in MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN contribute to breast cancer susceptibility: results from a Breast Cancer Family Registry case-control mutation-screening study SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NIJMEGEN BREAKAGE SYNDROME; TELANGIECTASIA-LIKE DISORDER; DNA-DAMAGE; REPAIR; NBS1; RISK; GENES; COMPLEX; PREDISPOSITION; CLASSIFICATION AB Introduction: The MRE11A-RAD50-Nibrin (MRN) complex plays several critical roles related to repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Inherited mutations in the three components predispose to genetic instability disorders and the MRN genes have been implicated in breast cancer susceptibility, but the underlying data are not entirely convincing. Here, we address two related questions: (1) are some rare MRN variants intermediate-risk breast cancer susceptibility alleles, and if so (2) do the MRN genes follow a BRCA1/BRCA2 pattern wherein most susceptibility alleles are protein-truncating variants, or do they follow an ATM/CHEK2 pattern wherein half or more of the susceptibility alleles are missense substitutions? Methods: Using high-resolution melt curve analysis followed by Sanger sequencing, we mutation screened the coding exons and proximal splice junction regions of the MRN genes in 1,313 early-onset breast cancer cases and 1,123 population controls. Rare variants in the three genes were pooled using bioinformatics methods similar to those previously applied to ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2, and then assessed by logistic regression. Results: Re-analysis of our ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 mutation screening data revealed that these genes do not harbor pathogenic alleles (other than modest-risk SNPs) with minor allele frequencies > 0.1% in Caucasian Americans, African Americans, or East Asians. Limiting our MRN analyses to variants with allele frequencies of < 0.1% and combining protein-truncating variants, likely spliceogenic variants, and key functional domain rare missense substitutions, we found significant evidence that the MRN genes are indeed intermediate-risk breast cancer susceptibility genes (odds ratio (OR) = 2.88, P = 0.0090). Key domain missense substitutions were more frequent than the truncating variants (24 versus 12 observations) and conferred a slightly higher OR (3.07 versus 2.61) with a lower P value (0.029 versus 0.14). Conclusions: These data establish that MRE11A, RAD50, and NBN are intermediate-risk breast cancer susceptibility genes. Like ATM and CHEK2, their spectrum of pathogenic variants includes a relatively high proportion of missense substitutions. However, the data neither establish whether variants in each of the three genes are best evaluated under the same analysis model nor achieve clinically actionable classification of individual variants observed in this study. C1 [Damiola, Francesca; Pertesi, Maroulio; Oliver, Javier; Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence; Voegele, Catherine; Robinot, Nivonirina; Forey, Nathalie; Durand, Geoffroy; Vallee, Maxime P.; Lesueur, Fabienne] Int Agcy Res Canc, Genet Canc Susceptibil Grp, F-69372 Lyon, France. [Damiola, Francesca] Canc Res Ctr Lyon, Genet Breast Canc Grp, F-69008 Lyon, France. [Young, Erin L.; Tao, Kayoko; Tavtigian, Sean V.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Oncol Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Roane, Terrell C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Williams, Gareth J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hopper, John L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Populat & Global Hlth, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Southey, Melissa C.] Univ Melbourne, Genet Epidemiol Lab, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Andrulis, Irene L.] Univ Toronto, Mt Sinai Hosp, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Res Inst, Dept Mol Genet, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [John, Esther M.] Canc Prevent Inst Calif, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. [Goldgar, David E.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Dermatol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lesueur, Fabienne] Mines ParisTech, Inst Curie, INSERM, Genet Epidemiol Canc Team,U900, F-75248 Paris, France. [John, Esther M.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hopper, John L.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Genome Epidemiol Lab, Seoul 151742, South Korea. RP Tavtigian, SV (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Huntsman Canc Inst, Dept Oncol Sci, 2000 Circle Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM sean.tavtigian@hci.utah.edu RI Oliver, Javier/A-5338-2009; OI Oliver, Javier/0000-0002-8073-4711; Young, Erin/0000-0002-7535-006X FU United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) [R01 CA121245] FX This work was supported by the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Cancer Institute (NCI) grant R01 CA121245, by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer program, by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Ministere de l'enseignement superieur, de la recherche, de la science, et de la technologie du Quebec through Genome Quebec. The BCFR was supported by grant UM1 CA164920 from the NCI. The work also benefited from the Huntsman Cancer Institute's Bioinformatics Shared Resource, which is supported by NCI grant P30 CA042014. The content of this manuscript does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the NCI or any of the collaborating centers in the BCFR, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government or the BCFR. NR 57 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X EI 1465-5411 J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 3 AR R58 DI 10.1186/bcr3669 PG 16 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CA7FT UT WOS:000349083900014 PM 24894818 ER PT B AU Watkins, TR Schajer, GS Lance, MJ AF Watkins, T. R. Schajer, G. S. Lance, M. J. BE Hashmi, S TI Residual Stress Measurements SO COMPREHENSIVE MATERIALS PROCESSING, VOL 1: ASSESSING PROPERTIES OF CONVENTIONAL AND SPECIALIZED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HOLE-DRILLING METHOD; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; ENERGY X-RAYS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MOIRE INTERFEROMETRY; OPTICAL FLUORESCENCE; PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; PIEZOSPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION C1 [Watkins, T. R.; Lance, M. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schajer, G. S.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Watkins, TR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 109 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA BN 978-0-08-096533-8; 978-0-08-096532-1 PY 2014 BP 113 EP 134 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096532-1.00109-6 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB8RO UT WOS:000347381600008 ER PT S AU Vasconcelos, PB Marques, O AF Vasconcelos, Paulo B. Marques, Osni BE Murgante, B Misra, S Rocha, AMAC Torre, C Rocha, JG Falcao, MI Taniar, D Apduhan, BO Gervasi, O TI Experiments with GPU-Acceleration for Solving a Radiative Transfer Problem SO COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS - ICCSA 2014, PT IV SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2014 CL Guimaraes, PORTUGAL SP Univ Minho, Univ Perugia, Univ Basilicata, Monash Univ, Kyushu Sangyo Univ, Assoc Portuguesa Investigacao Operac DE GPU implementation; integral operators; sparse linear iterative methods ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS AB High performance computing systems are increasingly incorporating the computational power provided by accelerators, especially GPUs. With the programmability of GPUs greatly facilitated by OpenCL or NVIDIA's CUDA, with support for full double precision on GPUs, many challenging problems are benefiting from these processing units. It is well-known that memory latency is the speed limiting factor on GPUs. To hide memory latency, kernel instances must be executed in parallel on the same core, making sparse data more difficult to deal with than dense data. In this work we examine the numerical solution of a radiative transfer problem. We show that integral problem formulations relying on sparse linear algebra computations can benefit from the computing power of such devices, achieving an average speedup of 50x when compared to a representative CPU implementation. C1 [Vasconcelos, Paulo B.] Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Vasconcelos, Paulo B.] CMUP, Oporto, Portugal. [Marques, Osni] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Vasconcelos, PB (reprint author), Univ Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. RI Vasconcelos, Paulo/A-8772-2008 OI Vasconcelos, Paulo/0000-0002-7132-880X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Fulbright visiting scholar program FX Part of this work was done while the author was a Fulbright visiting scholar to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Computational Research Division, USA. of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE- AC02- 05CH11231. This research received financial support from Fulbright visiting scholar program and logistic support from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Computational Research Division, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-09147-1; 978-3-319-09146-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8582 BP 550 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BC0TK UT WOS:000349533900040 ER PT S AU Bude, J Miller, PE Shen, N Suratwala, T Laurence, T Steele, W Baxamusa, S Wong, L Carr, W Cross, D Monticelli, M Feit, M Guss, G AF Bude, J. Miller, P. E. Shen, N. Suratwala, T. Laurence, T. Steele, W. Baxamusa, S. Wong, L. Carr, W. Cross, D. Monticelli, M. Feit, M. Guss, G. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Silica laser damage mechanisms, precursors and their mitigation SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Laser Damage - 46th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 14-17, 2014 CL National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Components GmbH, Spica Technologies Inc, Quantel USA HO National Institute of Standards andTechnology DE laser damage; damage mechanisms; laser matter interactions; fused silica optics; glass optics; optics processing; damage resistant optics; laser damage testing ID FUSED-SILICA; SURFACE DAMAGE; ABSORPTION; 351-NM AB Controlling laser damage is essential for reliable and cost-effective operation of high energy laser systems. We will review important optical damage precursors in silica up to UV fluences as high as 45J/cm(2) (3ns) along with studies of the damage mechanisms involved and processes to mitigate damage precursors. We have found that silica surface damage is initiated by nano-scale precursor absorption followed by thermal coupling to the silica lattice and formation of a laser-supported absorption front. Residual polishing compound and defect layers on fracture surfaces are primarily responsible for optic damage below about 10J/cm(2); they can be mitigated by an optimized oxide etch processes. At fluences above about 10J/cm(2), precipitates of trace impurities are responsible for damage; they can be mitigated by eliminating the chances of impurity precipitation following wet chemical processing. Using these approaches, silica damage densities can be reduced by many orders of magnitude allowing large increases in the maximum operating fluences these optics see. C1 [Bude, J.; Miller, P. E.; Shen, N.; Suratwala, T.; Laurence, T.; Steele, W.; Baxamusa, S.; Wong, L.; Carr, W.; Cross, D.; Monticelli, M.; Feit, M.; Guss, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bude, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-460, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-300-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9237 AR 92370S DI 10.1117/12.2070017 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC0RK UT WOS:000349399600017 ER PT S AU Demos, SG Feit, MD Duchateau, G AF Demos, Stavros G. Feit, Michael D. Duchateau, Guillaume BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Modeling the material properties at the onset of damage initiation in bulk potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Laser Damage - 46th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 14-17, 2014 CL National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Components GmbH, Spica Technologies Inc, Quantel USA HO National Institute of Standards andTechnology DE KDP; DKDP; laser-induced damage; theoretical modeling laser damage ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; FLUORESCENCE; DEPENDENCE; LIFETIMES AB A model simulating transient optical properties during laser damage in the bulk of KDP/DKDP crystals is presented. The model was developed and tested using as a benchmark its ability to reproduce the well-documented damage initiation behaviors but most importantly, the salient behavior of the wavelength dependence of the damage threshold. The model involves two phases. During phase I, the model assumes a moderate localized initial absorption that is strongly enhanced during the laser pulse via excited state absorption and thermally driven generation of additional point defects in the surrounding material. The model suggests that during a fraction of the pulse duration, the host material around the defect cluster is transformed into a strong absorber that leads to significant increase of the local temperature. During phase II, the model suggests that the excitation pathway consists mainly of one photon absorption events within a quasi-continuum of short-lived vibronic defect states spanning the band gap that was generated after the initial localized heating of the material due to thermal quenching of the excited state lifetimes. The width of the transition (steps) between different number of photons is governed by the instantaneous temperature, which was estimated using the experimental data. The model also suggests that the critical physical parameter prior to initiation of breakdown is the conduction band electron density. This model, employing very few free parameters, for the first time is able to quantitatively reproduce the wavelength dependence of the damage initiation threshold, and thus provides important insight into the physical processes involved. C1 [Demos, Stavros G.; Feit, Michael D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Duchateau, Guillaume] Univ Bordeaux 1, CEA, CNRS, Ctr Lasers Intenses & Applicat,UMR5107,351 Cours, F-33405 Talence, France. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM demos1@llnl.gov RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-300-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9237 AR UNSP 92370W DI 10.1117/12.2069673 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC0RK UT WOS:000349399600019 ER PT S AU Field, ES Bellum, JC Kletecka, DE AF Field, Ella S. Bellum, John C. Kletecka, Damon E. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Repair of a Mirror Coating on a Large Optic for High Laser Damage Applications using Ion Milling and Over-Coating Methods SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Laser Damage - 46th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 14-17, 2014 CL National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Components GmbH, Spica Technologies Inc, Quantel USA HO National Institute of Standards andTechnology DE Laser Damage; Repair Optical Coatings; Large Optics; Ion Milling; Etching; Over-coating; HfO2; High Reflection AB When an optical coating is damaged, deposited incorrectly, or is otherwise unsuitable, the conventional method to restore the optic often entails repolishing the optic surface, which can incur a large cost and long lead time. We propose three alternative options to repolishing, including (i) burying the unsuitable coating under another optical coating, (ii) using ion milling to etch the unsuitable coating completely from the optic surface, and then recoating the optic, and (iii) using ion milling to etch through a number of unsuitable layers, leaving the rest of the coating intact, and then recoating the layers that were etched. Repairs were made on test optics with dielectric mirror coatings according to the above three options. The mirror coatings to be repaired were quarter wave stacks of HfO2 and SiO2 layers for high reflection at 1054 nm at 45 degrees incidence in P-polarization. One of the coating layers was purposely deposited incorrectly as Hf metal instead of HfO2 to evaluate the ability of each repair method to restore the coating's high laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 64 J/cm(2). The repaired coating with the highest resistance to laser-induced damage was achieved using repair method (ii) with an LIDT of 49 - 61 J/cm(2). C1 [Field, Ella S.; Bellum, John C.; Kletecka, Damon E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Field, ES (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM efield@sandia.gov OI Bellum, John/0000-0003-2230-5553 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-300-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9237 AR 92371E DI 10.1117/12.2067920 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC0RK UT WOS:000349399600034 ER PT S AU Liao, ZM Raymond, B Gaylord, J Fallejo, R Bude, J Wegner, P AF Liao, Z. M. Raymond, B. Gaylord, J. Fallejo, R. Bude, J. Wegner, P. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Optics damage modeling and analysis at the National Ignition Facility SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Laser Damage - 46th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 14-17, 2014 CL National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Components GmbH, Spica Technologies Inc, Quantel USA HO National Institute of Standards andTechnology DE Laser-induced optics damage; optics lifetime ID LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE; FUSED-SILICA; EXIT SURFACE; GROWTH; NIF; MITIGATION AB Comprehensive modeling of laser-induced damage in optics for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been performed on fused silica wedge focus lenses with a metric that compares the modeled damage performance to online inspections. The results indicate that damage models are successful in tracking the performance of the fused silica final optics when properly accounting for various optical finishes and mitigation processes. This validates the consistency of the damage models and allows us to further monitor and evaluate different system parameters that potentially can affect optics performance. C1 [Liao, Z. M.; Raymond, B.; Gaylord, J.; Fallejo, R.; Bude, J.; Wegner, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Liao, ZM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-300-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9237 AR 92370Y DI 10.1117/12.2068612 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC0RK UT WOS:000349399600021 ER PT S AU Pryatel, JA Gourdin, WH Frieders, SC Ruble, GS Monticelli, MV AF Pryatel, James A. Gourdin, William H. Frieders, Susan C. Ruble, Gerald S. Monticelli, Marcus V. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI Cleaning Practices for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Laser Damage - 46th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 14-17, 2014 CL National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Components GmbH, Spica Technologies Inc, Quantel USA HO National Institute of Standards andTechnology DE Cleaning; cleanliness; contamination; particles; VOCs; AMCs; damage; clean room; optics; residue; NVRs AB We describe the cleaning processes, treatment methods, facilities, and cleanliness verification techniques developed to achieve and maintain the demanding cleanliness requirements for both hardware and optics used in the National Ignition Facility (NIF). C1 [Pryatel, James A.] Akima Infrastruct Serv, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gourdin, William H.; Frieders, Susan C.; Ruble, Gerald S.; Monticelli, Marcus V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pryatel, JA (reprint author), Akima Infrastruct Serv, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-300-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9237 AR UNSP 92372H DI 10.1117/12.2075927 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC0RK UT WOS:000349399600060 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ Caputo, M Griffin, AJ Thomas, MD AF Stolz, Christopher J. Caputo, Mark Griffin, Andrew J. Thomas, Michael D. BE Exarhos, GJ Gruzdev, VE Menapace, JA Ristau, D Soileau, MJ TI 1064-nm Fabry-Perot Transmission Filter Laser Damage Competition SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Laser Damage - 46th Annual Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers CY SEP 14-17, 2014 CL National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Boulder, CO SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Components GmbH, Spica Technologies Inc, Quantel USA HO National Institute of Standards andTechnology DE laser damage; laser damage testing; thin film; Fabry-Perot filter; multilayer; 1064-nm laser; nanosecond pulse length AB Narrow-bandwidth Fabry-Perot transmission filters are used in telecommunications, fiber lasers(1), and for diode pumped alkali lasers (DPAL)(2). Because of their interference properties, extremely high standing-wave electric fields occur at peak transmission. For this study, the filters met a minimum transmission of 90% and were spectrally centered within an angle tuning range of 10-30 degrees. A blind laser damage test assured sample and submitter anonymity. The participants selected the coating materials, design, spectral bandwidth, cleaning method, and deposition method. Laser damage testing was performed at a wavelength of 1064 nm using a raster scan method on a single testing facility to enable a direct comparison among the participants. Pulse length scaling relationships were explored by laser damage testing at a 3.5-ns and 18-ns pulse length. The results show that the spectral bandwidth had the strongest relationship to the laser damage threshold. Other parameters such as deposition processes, cleaning method, coating materials, and layer count were also explored. C1 [Stolz, Christopher J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-460, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Caputo, Mark; Griffin, Andrew J.; Thomas, Michael D.] Spica Technol Inc, Hollis, NH 03049 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-460, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-300-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9237 AR UNSP 92370N DI 10.1117/12.2068613 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BC0RK UT WOS:000349399600013 ER PT S AU Shinde, SL Srivastava, GP AF Shinde, Subhash L. Srivastava, Gyaneshwar P. BE Shinde, SL Srivastava, GP TI Length-Scale Dependent Phonon Interactions Preface SO LENGTH-SCALE DEPENDENT PHONON INTERACTIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Shinde, Subhash L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Srivastava, Gyaneshwar P.] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Shinde, SL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 978-1-4614-8651-0; 978-1-4614-8650-3 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2014 VL 128 BP V EP VIII D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-8651-0 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BC0CN UT WOS:000348907900001 ER PT S AU Hurley, D Shinde, SL Piekos, ES AF Hurley, David Shinde, Subhash L. Piekos, Edward S. BE Shinde, SL Srivastava, GP TI Interaction of Thermal Phonons with Interfaces SO LENGTH-SCALE DEPENDENT PHONON INTERACTIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID SIMULATION MONTE-CARLO; X-RAY-SCATTERING; HEAT-CONDUCTION; THIN-FILMS; DISPERSION RELATIONS; LOW TEMPERATURES; BEAM-DEFLECTION; DEGREES K; TRANSPORT; NANOSTRUCTURES AB In this chapter we will first explore the connection between interface scattering and thermal transport using the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE). It will be shown that Boltzmann transport provides a convenient method for considering boundary scattering in nanochannel structures. For internal interfaces such as grain boundaries found in polycrystals, it is more natural to consider transmission and reflection across a single boundary. In this regard we will discuss theories related to interface thermal resistance. Our qualitative discussion of the theories of phonon transport will be followed by a discussion of experimental techniques for measuring thermal transport. We end this chapter by giving a detailed description of two complementary experimental techniques for measuring the influence of interfaces on thermal phonon transport. C1 [Hurley, David] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Shinde, Subhash L.; Piekos, Edward S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hurley, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM david.hurley@inl.gov; slshind@sandia.gov NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 978-1-4614-8651-0; 978-1-4614-8650-3 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2014 VL 128 BP 175 EP 205 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8651-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-8651-0 PG 31 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BC0CN UT WOS:000348907900007 ER PT S AU Clayton, DA Smith, CM AF Clayton, Dwight A. Smith, Cyrus M. BE Wu, HF Yu, TY Gyekenyesi, AL Shull, PJ TI Comparative testing of nondestructive examination techniques for concrete structures SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security CY MAR 10-13, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE nuclear power; nondestructive evaluation; concrete; material aging; license extension AB A multitude of concrete-based structures are typically part of a light water reactor ( LWR) plant to provide foundation, support, shielding, and containment functions. Concrete has been used in the construction of nuclear power plants (NPPs) because of three primary properties, its inexpensiveness, its structural strength, and its ability to shield radiation. Examples of concrete structures important to the safety of LWR plants include containment building, spent fuel pool, and cooling towers. Comparative testing of the various NDE concrete measurement techniques requires concrete samples with known material properties, voids, internal microstructure flaws, and reinforcement locations. These samples can be artificially created under laboratory conditions where the various properties can be controlled. Other than NPPs, there are not many applications where critical concrete structures are as thick and reinforced. Therefore, there are not many industries other than the nuclear power plant or power plant industry that are interested in performing NDE on thick and reinforced concrete structures. This leads to the lack of readily available samples of thick and heavily reinforced concrete for performing NDE evaluations, research, and training. The industry that typically performs the most NDE on concrete structures is the bridge and roadway industry. While bridge and roadway structures are thinner and less reinforced, they have a good base of NDE research to support their field NDE programs to detect, identify, and repair concrete failures. This paper will summarize the initial comparative testing of two concrete samples with an emphasis on how these techniques could perform on NPP concrete structures. C1 [Clayton, Dwight A.; Smith, Cyrus M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Clayton, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, One Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM claytonda@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9989-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9063 DI 10.1117/12.2045138 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BC0PC UT WOS:000349294800034 ER PT S AU Neidigk, S Le, J Roach, D Duvall, R Rice, T AF Neidigk, Stephen Le, Jacqui Roach, Dennis Duvall, Randy Rice, Tom BE Wu, HF Yu, TY Gyekenyesi, AL Shull, PJ TI Use of nondestructive inspection and fiber optic sensing for damage characterization in carbon fiber fuselage structure SO NONDESTRUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS, AEROSPACE ENGINEERING, CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND HOMELAND SECURITY 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nondestructive Characterization for Composite Materials, Aerospace Engineering, Civil Infrastructure, and Homeland Security CY MAR 10-13, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB To investigate a variety of nondestructive inspection technologies and assess impact damage characteristics in carbon fiber aircraft structure, the FAA Airworthiness Assurance Center, operated by Sandia National Labs, fabricated and impact tested two full-scale composite fuselage sections. The panels are representative of structure seen on advanced composite transport category aircraft and measured approximately 56"x76". The structural components consisted of a 16 ply skin, co-cured hat-section stringers, fastened shear ties and frames. The material used to fabricate the panels was T800 unidirectional pre-preg (BMS 8-276) and was processed in an autoclave. Simulated hail impact testing was conducted on the panels using a high velocity gas gun with 2.4" diameter ice balls in collaboration with the University of California San Diego (UCSD). Damage was mapped onto the surface of the panels using conventional, hand deployed ultrasonic inspection techniques, as well as more advanced ultrasonic and resonance scanning techniques. In addition to the simulated hail impact testing performed on the panels, 2" diameter steel tip impacts were used to produce representative impact damage which can occur during ground maintenance operations. The extent of impact damage ranges from less than 1 in(2) to 55 in(2) of interply delamination in the 16 ply skin. Substructure damage on the panels includes shear tie cracking and stringer flange disbonding. It was demonstrated that the fiber optic distributed strain sensing system is capable of detecting impact damage when bonded to the backside of the fuselage. C1 [Neidigk, Stephen; Roach, Dennis; Duvall, Randy; Rice, Tom] Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Le, Jacqui] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Neidigk, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM sneidig@sandia.gov FU FAA's William J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey FX The authors appreciate the funding support for his program through the FAA's William J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey. They would also like to acknowledge Dr Sandie Klute, Matt Reaves, and Matt Castellucci at Luna Innovations for supplying hardware and assisting in experimentation using fiber optic distributed sensing for impact detection. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9989-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9063 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BC0PC UT WOS:000349294800044 ER PT S AU Davis, KO Walters, J Schneller, E Seigneur, H Brooker, RP Scardera, G Rodgers, MP Mohajeri, N Shiradkar, N Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, J Rudack, AC Schoenfeld, WV AF Davis, Kristopher O. Walters, Joseph Schneller, Eric Seigneur, Hubert Brooker, R. Paul Scardera, Giuseppe Rodgers, Marianne P. Mohajeri, Nahid Shiradkar, Narendra Dhere, Neelkanth G. Wohlgemuth, John Rudack, Andrew C. Schoenfeld, Winston V. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI A review of manufacturing metrology for improved reliability of silicon photovoltaic modules SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems VII as a part of the SPIE Solar Energy and Technology Meeting CY AUG 20-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE silicon; solar cells; PV modules; manufacturing; reliability; durability; metrology ID PV MODULES; ENCAPSULATION; PERFORMANCE AB In this work, the use of manufacturing metrology across the supply chain to improve crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) module reliability and durability is addressed. Additionally, an overview and summary of a recent extensive literature survey of relevant measurement techniques aimed at reducing or eliminating the probability of field failures is presented. An assessment of potential gaps is also given, wherein the PV community could benefit from new research and demonstration efforts. This review is divided into three primary areas representing different parts of the c-Si PV supply chain: (1) feedstock production, crystallization and wafering; (2) cell manufacturing; and (3) module manufacturing. C1 [Davis, Kristopher O.; Walters, Joseph; Schneller, Eric; Seigneur, Hubert; Brooker, R. Paul; Rudack, Andrew C.; Schoenfeld, Winston V.] US Photovolta Mfg Consortium, C Si Div, 12424 Res Pkwy,Suite 210, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Davis, Kristopher O.; Walters, Joseph; Schneller, Eric; Seigneur, Hubert; Brooker, R. Paul; Mohajeri, Nahid; Shiradkar, Narendra; Dhere, Neelkanth G.; Schoenfeld, Winston V.] Univ Cent Florida, Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. [Davis, Kristopher O.; Schoenfeld, Winston V.] Coll Optic & Photon, Cent Florida Blvd, CCREOL, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Scardera, Giuseppe] DuPont Silicon Valley Technol Ctr, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Rodgers, Marianne P.] Wind Energy Inst Canada, North Cape, PE C0B 2B0, Canada. [Wohlgemuth, John] Nat Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Rudack, Andrew C.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Walters, J (reprint author), US Photovolta Mfg Consortium, C Si Div, 12424 Res Pkwy,Suite 210, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Joseph.Walters@uspvmc.org OI Davis, Kristopher/0000-0002-5772-6254; Brooker, Robert Paul/0000-0001-7492-0158 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-206-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9179 AR UNSP 91790Y DI 10.1117/12.2063781 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BC0QK UT WOS:000349342900024 ER PT S AU Gade, V Shiradkar, N Robusto, P Whitfield, K Wohlgemuth, J Uchida, Y Dhere, NG AF Gade, Vivek Shiradkar, Narendra Robusto, Paul Whitfield, Kent Wohlgemuth, John Uchida, Yasunori Dhere, Neelkanth G. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI Research, test, and development activities performed by junction box bypass diode task force # 4 SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems VII as a part of the SPIE Solar Energy and Technology Meeting CY AUG 20-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Bypass diode; PV Module; Reliability; ESD; Thermal runaway; PVQAT AB The paper provides latest update on the activities performed by the group # 4-diodes, shading and reverse bias of the PV Module Quality Assurance Task Force (PVQAT) in the areas such as electrostatic discharge testing and standards, thermal runaway testing, diode junction temperature measurement techniques, thermal endurance tests and analysis of field failures. Philosophy, motivation and future direction for the group # 4 is also discussed. C1 [Gade, Vivek] Jabil Circuit Inc, 2007 Gandy Blvd,Suite 100, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. [Shiradkar, Narendra; Dhere, Neelkanth G.] Florida Solar Energy Ctr, Cocoa, FL 32922 USA. [Robusto, Paul] Miasole Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Whitfield, Kent] SunEdison Inc, Missoula, MT USA. [Wohlgemuth, John] Nat Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Uchida, Yasunori] JET Japan, Okayama, Japan. RP Gade, V (reprint author), Jabil Circuit Inc, 2007 Gandy Blvd,Suite 100, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-206-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9179 DI 10.1117/12.2062195 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BC0QK UT WOS:000349342900011 ER PT S AU Wohlgemuth, J Kurtz, S AF Wohlgemuth, John Kurtz, Sarah BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI International PV QA Task Force's Proposed Comparative Rating System for PV Modules SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems VII as a part of the SPIE Solar Energy and Technology Meeting CY AUG 20-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE reliability and durability of PV modules; accelerated stress testing; service life predictions AB The International PV Quality Assurance Task Force is developing a rating system that provides comparative information about the relative durability of PV modules. Development of accelerated stress tests that can provide such comparative information is seen as a major step toward being able to predict PV module service life. This paper will provide details of the ongoing effort to determine the format of such an overall module rating system. The latest proposal is based on using three distinct climate zones as defined in IEC 60721-2-1 for two different mounting systems. Specific stresses beyond those used in the qualification tests are being developed for each of the selected climate zones. C1 [Wohlgemuth, John; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wohlgemuth, J (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-206-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9179 DI 10.1117/12.2067927 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BC0QK UT WOS:000349342900002 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ Xu, Q Ong, KP Fan, XF AF Singh, David J. Xu, Qiang Ong, Khoung P. Fan, Xiaofeng BE Eldada, LA Heben, MJ TI Strain dependence of the optical properties and band gap of transparent conducting BaSnO3 and SrSnO3 SO THIN FILMS FOR SOLAR AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Thin Films for Solar and Energy Technology VI CY AUG 17-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Transparent conductor; band gap; BaSnO3; SrSnO3; epitaxy; perovskite ID STANNATE; OXIDES AB Recent work has shown that perovskite BaSnO3, when doped n-type by rare earth or Sb substitution, has potential as a transparent conducting oxide (TCO), replacement for In2O3:Sn (ITO). Here we discuss the properties of this material and the related SrSnO3, as well as strain dependence and epitaxy using first principles calculations. The compounds show remarkably strong strain tunability, but in a manner very different from well-studied perovskites such as SrTiO3. The differences are explained in terms of the s-electron nature of the conduction bands in these stannates. C1 [Singh, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xu, Qiang; Ong, Khoung P.] Inst High Performance Comp, Singapore 138632, Singapore. [Fan, Xiaofeng] Jilin Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fan, Xiaofeng/B-9680-2011 OI Fan, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-6288-4866 FU Department of Energy; BES; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (DJS); Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, BES, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (DJS) and the Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) (QX, KPO). We are grateful for helpful discussions with Bharat Jalan. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 18 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-204-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9177 AR UNSP 91770F DI 10.1117/12.2061757 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BC0QO UT WOS:000349362600008 ER PT J AU Liu, CZ Greene, DL AF Liu, Changzheng Greene, David L. TI Consumer Choice of E85 Denatured Ethanol Fuel Blend Price Sensitivity and Cost of Limited Fuel Availability SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID HABIT FORMATION; GASOLINE AB The promotion of greater use of E85, a fuel blend of 85% denatured ethanol, by flex-fuel vehicle owners is an important means of complying with the Renewable Fuel Standard 2. A good understanding of factors affecting E85 demand is necessary for effective policies that promote E85 and for developing models that forecast E85 sales in the United States. In this paper, the sensitivity of aggregate E85 demand to E85 and gasoline prices is estimated, as is the relative availability of E85 versus gasoline. The econometric analysis uses recent data from Minnesota, North Dakota, and Iowa. The more recent data allow a better estimate of nonfleet demand and indicate that the market price elasticity of E85 choice is substantially higher than previously estimated. C1 [Liu, Changzheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Greene, David L.] Univ Tennessee, Howard H Baker Jr Ctr Publ Policy, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Liu, CZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM liuc2@ornl.gov FU Energy Information Administration FX The study reported in this paper was sponsored by the Energy Information Administration. The authors are grateful to John Maples and to anonymous referees for their help in improving the paper. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2014 IS 2454 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.3141/2454-03 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CB2YS UT WOS:000349495000004 ER PT J AU Rubin, J Leiby, PN Brown, ML AF Rubin, Jonathan Leiby, Paul N. Brown, Maxwell L. TI Regional Credit Trading Economic and Greenhouse Gas Impacts of a National Low Carbon Fuel Standard SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The economic implications of various designs for a U.S. national low carbon fuel standard (NLCFS) for the road transportation sector are examined. An NLCFS based on the average carbon intensity (CI) of all fuels sold in the gasoline and diesel markets generates an incentive for fuel suppliers to reduce the measured CI of their petroleum fuels. Recent work examined the implications of different designs for an NLCFS in terms of compliance costs, credit price volatility, energy security, and possible savings from different credit trading systems for the on-road transportation sector. This paper builds on previous nationally aggregated modeling by taking into account regional differences in the supply, CI, and price of fuels. The impact of California's regional LCFS on compliance costs of an NLCFS is also examined. Significantly different costs are found for compliance by region. At the same time, flexibility mechanisms in terms of credit trading and banking can lower costs substantially. C1 [Rubin, Jonathan] Univ Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Policy Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Leiby, Paul N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brown, Maxwell L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rubin, J (reprint author), Univ Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Policy Ctr, 5784 York Complex,4, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM rubinj@maine.edu FU New England University Transportation Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology FX The authors thank Rocia Uria-Martinez for her research support. The study has received financial support from the New England University Transportation Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2014 IS 2454 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.3141/2454-04 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CB2YS UT WOS:000349495000005 ER PT J AU Dong, J Lin, ZH AF Dong, Jing Lin, Zhenhong TI Stochastic Modeling of Battery Electric Vehicle Driver Behavior: Impact of Charging Infrastructure Deployment on the Feasibility of Battery Electric Vehicles SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID GAMMA AB A stochastic modeling approach is proposed to characterize battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivers' behavior. The approach uses longitudinal travel data and thus allows more realistic analysis of the impact of the charging infrastructure on BEV feasibility. BEV feasibility is defined as the probability that the ratio of the distance traveled between charges to the BEV range is kept within a comfort level (i.e., drivers are comfortable with driving the REV when the battery's state of charge is above a certain level). When the ratio exceeds the comfort level, travel adaptation is needed use of a substitute vehicle, choice of an alternative transportation mode, or cancellation of a trip. The proposed stochastic models are applied to quantify BEV feasibility at different charging infrastructure deployment levels with the use of GPS-based longitudinal travel data collected in the Seattle, Washington, metropolitan area. In the Seattle case study, the range of comfort level was found to be critical. If BEV drivers were comfortable with using all the nominal range, about 10% of the drivers needed no or little travel adaptation (i.e., they made changes on less than 0.5% of travel days), and ahnost 50% of the drivers needed travel adaptation on up to 5% of the sampled days. These percentages dropped by half when the drivers were only comfortable with using up to 80% of the range. In addition, offering opportunities for one within-day recharge can significantly increase BEV feasibility, provided that the drivers were willing to make some travel adaptation (e.g., up to 5% of drivers in the analysis). C1 [Dong, Jing] Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lin, Zhenhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Dong, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, 350 Town Engn Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jingdong@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office; UT-Battelle, LLC. FX This research is partially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, under a contract with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2014 IS 2454 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.3141/2454-08 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA CB2YS UT WOS:000349495000009 ER PT B AU Hahn, N Parker, JM Timmel, G Weldele, ML Suedmeyer, WK AF Hahn, Nina Parker, John M. Timmel, Gregory Weldele, Mary L. Suedmeyer, Wm Kirk BE West, G Heard, D Caulkett, N TI Hyenidae SO ZOO ANIMAL AND WILDLIFE IMMOBILIZATION AND ANESTHESIA, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYENAS CROCUTA-CROCUTA; SPOTTED HYENAS; ANTIBODIES C1 [Hahn, Nina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parker, John M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Lab Anim Resource Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Timmel, Gregory] Legacy Res, Portland, OR USA. [Weldele, Mary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Psychol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Suedmeyer, Wm Kirk] Kansas City Zoo, Anim Hlth, Kansas City, MO 64132 USA. RP Hahn, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 978-1-118-79292-6; 978-0-8138-1183-3 PY 2014 BP 627 EP 633 D2 10.1002/9781118792919 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BB9MQ UT WOS:000348499200045 ER PT S AU Chow, WW Jahnke, F Gies, C AF Chow, W. W. Jahnke, F. Gies, C. BE Piprek, J Javaloyes, J TI Model for a semiconductor quantum-dot nanolaser SO 2014 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES (NUSOD 2014) SE International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) CY SEP 01-04, 2014 CL Palma de Mallorca, SPAIN SP Numer Simulat Optoelectron Devices Inst, UIB, Caixa Forum, IEEE Photon Soc AB A quantum-electrodynamics model is developed for a nanolaser with a semiconductor quantum-dot gain region. Intensity, coherence time and photon autocorrelation function are calculated, especially during transition from below to above lasing threshold. C1 [Chow, W. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wwchow@sandia.gov; jahnke@itp.uni-bremen.de; gies@itp.uni-bremen.de FU U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The work is under Sandia's LDRD program, funded by U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-3234 BN 978-1-4799-3682-3 J9 INT C NUMER SIMUL PY 2014 BP 5 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Optics GA BB9WF UT WOS:000348722000003 ER PT J AU Scott, BR Potter, CA AF Scott, B. R. Potter, C. A. TI STOCHASTIC THRESHOLD EXPONENTIAL (TE) MODEL FOR HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE RECONSTITUTION DEFICIT AFTER RADIATION DAMAGE SO DOSE-RESPONSE LA English DT Article DE X rays; gamma rays; bone marrow; spleen; reconstitution AB Whole-body exposure to large radiation doses can cause severe loss of hematopoietic tissue cells and threaten life if the lost cells are not replaced in a timely manner through natural repopulation (a homeostatic mechanism). Repopulation to the baseline level N-0 is called reconstitution and a reconstitution deficit (repopulation shortfall) can occur in a dose-related and organ-specific manner. Scott et al. (2013) previously introduced a deterministic version of a threshold exponential (TE) model of tissue-reconstitution deficit at a given follow-up time that was applied to bone marrow and spleen cellularity (number of constituent cells) data obtained 6 weeks after whole-body gamma-ray exposure of female C.B-17 mice. In this paper a more realistic, stochastic version of the TE model is provided that allows radiation response to vary between different individuals. The Stochastic TE model is applied to post gamma-ray-exposure cellularity data previously reported and also to more limited X-ray cellularity data for whole-body irradiated female C.B-17 mice. Results indicate that the population average threshold for a tissue reconstitution deficit appears to be similar for bone marrow and spleen and for 320-kV-spectrum X-rays and Cs-137 gamma rays. This means that 320-kV spectrum X-rays could successfully be used in conducting such studies. C1 [Scott, B. R.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Potter, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Scott, BR (reprint author), 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM bscott@LRRI.org FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER64783]; [SAND2013-8017J]; [SL11-RadBio-PD13] FX This work was performed under project numbers SAND2013-8017J and SL11-RadBio-PD13 and with partial support from the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER64783. The authors would like to express their appreciation to the U.S. Department of Energy, NA-22, Radiation Source Replacement Program and Arden Dougan and Frances Keel (DOE/NA-221). Experimental data used was generated in the laboratory of Dr. Julie Wilder with assistance from Ms. Katherine M. Gott. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT DOSE-RESPONSE SOC PI AMHERST PA UNIV MASSACHUSETTS SPH, MORRILL SCI CTR 1, N344, 639 N PLEASANT ST, AMHERST, MA 01003-9298 USA SN 1559-3258 J9 DOSE-RESPONSE JI Dose-Response PY 2014 VL 12 IS 3 BP 415 EP 428 DI 10.2203/dose-response.13-041.Scott PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology GA AX0SL UT WOS:000346662200005 PM 25249834 ER PT J AU Fornalski, KW Cohen, M Cuttler, JM Dobrzyn, L Doss, M Esposito, VJ Feinendegen, LE Fellman, A Miller, ML Orient, J Pennington, CW Rithidech, KN Sacks, B Sanders, CL Scott, BR Siegel, JA Socol, Y Welsh, J AF Fornalski, Krzysztof W. Cohen, Mervyn Cuttler, Jerry M. Dobrzynski, Ludwik Doss, Mohan Esposito, Vincent J. Feinendegen, Ludwig E. Fellman, Alan Miller, Mark L. Orient, Jane Pennington, Charles W. Rithidech, Kanokporn N. Sacks, Bill Sanders, Charles L. Scott, Bobby R. Siegel, Jeffry A. Socol, Yehoshua Welsh, James TI LETTER TO THE EDITOR FRENCH NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA SO DOSE-RESPONSE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Geocap Study; childhood leukemia; radiation; nuclear power plant; cancer; low dose C1 [Fornalski, Krzysztof W.] PGE EJ 1, Warsaw, Poland. [Fornalski, Krzysztof W.] Polish Nucl Soc, Warsaw, Poland. [Cohen, Mervyn] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Cuttler, Jerry M.] Cuttler & Associates, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Dobrzynski, Ludwik] Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. [Doss, Mohan] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Esposito, Vincent J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Feinendegen, Ludwig E.] Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Fellman, Alan] Dade Moeller & Associates, Richland, WA USA. [Miller, Mark L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rithidech, Kanokporn N.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Scott, Bobby R.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Welsh, James] Loyola Univ Chicago, Stritch Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Fornalski, KW (reprint author), PGE EJ 1 Sp Zoo, Ul Mysia 2, PL-00496 Warsaw, Poland. EM krzysztof.fornalski@gkpge.pl NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT DOSE-RESPONSE SOC PI AMHERST PA UNIV MASSACHUSETTS SPH, MORRILL SCI CTR 1, N344, 639 N PLEASANT ST, AMHERST, MA 01003-9298 USA SN 1559-3258 J9 DOSE-RESPONSE JI Dose-Response PY 2014 VL 12 IS 4 BP 518 EP 521 DI 10.2203/dose-response.14-048.Fornalski PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Toxicology GA AX0SN UT WOS:000346662400002 PM 25552953 ER PT S AU Ho, CK Christian, JM Ortega, JD Yellowhair, J Mosquera, MJ Andraka, CE AF Ho, Clifford K. Christian, Joshua M. Ortega, Jesus D. Yellowhair, Julius Mosquera, Matthew J. Andraka, Charles E. BE Plesniak, AP Pfefferkorn, C TI Reduction of radiative heat losses for solar thermal receivers SO HIGH AND LOW CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS FOR SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High and Low Concentrator Systems for Solar Energy Applications IX CY AUG 19-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE concentrating solar; receiver; solar thermal; heat loss; view factor; radation ID SELECTIVE COATINGS AB Solar thermal receivers absorb concentrated sunlight and can operate at high temperatures exceeding 600 degrees C for production of heat and electricity. New fractal-like designs employing light-trapping structures and geometries at multiple length scales are proposed to increase the effective solar absorptance and efficiency of these receivers. Radial and linear structures at the micro (surface coatings and depositions), meso (tube shape and geometry), and macro (total receiver geometry and configuration) scales redirect reflected solar radiation toward the interior of the receiver for increased absorptance. Hotter regions within the interior of the receiver also reduce thermal emittance due to reduced local view factors in the interior regions, and higher concentration ratios can be employed with similar surface irradiances to reduce the effective optical aperture and thermal losses. Coupled optical/fluid/thermal models have been developed to evaluate the performance of these designs relative to conventional designs. Results show that fractal-like structures and geometries can reduce total radiative losses by up to 50% and increase the thermal efficiency by up to 10%. The impact was more pronounced for materials with lower inherent solar absorptances (<0.9). Meso-scale tests were conducted and confirmed model results that showed increased light-trapping from corrugated surfaces relative to flat surfaces. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Christian, Joshua M.; Ortega, Jesus D.; Yellowhair, Julius; Mosquera, Matthew J.; Andraka, Charles E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-202-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9175 AR 917506 DI 10.1117/12.2063152 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BC0AA UT WOS:000348842300003 ER PT S AU Lin, ZQ Wang, J AF Lin, Zhiqun Wang, Jun BE Lin, Z Wang, J TI Low-cost Nanomaterials Toward Greener and More Efficient Energy Applications Introduction SO LOW-COST NANOMATERIALS: TOWARD GREENER AND MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lin, Zhiqun] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Jun] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Lin, ZQ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zhiqun.lin@mse.gatech.edu; jwangnano@gmail.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-1-4471-6473-9; 978-1-4471-6472-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2014 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6473-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6473-9 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB8MW UT WOS:000346972700001 ER PT S AU Xao, LF Cao, YL Liu, J AF Xao, Lifen Cao, Yuliang Liu, Jun BE Lin, Z Wang, J TI Cathode and Anode Materials for Na-Ion Battery SO LOW-COST NANOMATERIALS: TOWARD GREENER AND MORE EFFICIENT ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE Green Energy and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; SOL-GEL PROCESS; SODIUM INSERTION; HIGH-CAPACITY; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; POSITIVE-ELECTRODE; CARBON-FIBERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB Energy storage is more important today than at any time in the human history. The battery systems that are pursued for clean renewable energy-based grid or the electrification of transportation need to meet the requirements of low cost and high efficiency. Li-ion battery is the most advanced battery system, but it is expensive and insufficient as a resource for widespread application. Na-ion battery is seen as a promising alternative due to the abundance of Na resource. However, the realization of the Na-ion intercalation/deintercalation mechanism is also challenging because Na ions are 40 % larger in radius than Li ions. This makes the finding of suitable host materials with high storage capacity, rapid ion uptaking rate, and long cycling life not easy. In the recent 3 years, several electrode materials were found to have energy density close to those used in Li-ion batteries. These scientific advances have greatly rekindled worldwide passion for Na-ion battery system. In this chapter, the development of the electrode materials for Na-ion batteries is briefly reviewed, with the aim of providing a wide view of the problems and future research orientations of this system. C1 [Xao, Lifen] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Cao, Yuliang] Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jun.Liu@pnnl.gov NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1865-3529 BN 978-1-4471-6473-9; 978-1-4471-6472-2 J9 GREEN ENERGY TECHNOL PY 2014 BP 395 EP 424 DI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6473-9_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6473-9 PG 30 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB8MW UT WOS:000346972700014 ER PT J AU De La Rosa, K AF De La Rosa, Kristen TI Paving the Road to Automotive Advances with EcoCAR 3 SO MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP De La Rosa, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MANUFACTURING ENGINEERS PI DEARBORN PA ONE SME DRIVE, PO BOX 930, DEARBORN, MI 48121-0930 USA SN 0361-0853 J9 MANUF ENG JI Manuf. Eng. PY 2014 SU 4 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA CA3SX UT WOS:000348827400027 ER PT B AU Wilkerson, KR Smith, JD Hemrick, JG AF Wilkerson, Kelley R. Smith, Jeffrey D. Hemrick, James G. BE Goski, DG Smith, JD TI METASTABILITY IN THE MgAl2O4-Al2O3 SYSTEM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON REFRACTORIES (UNITECR 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR) CY SEP 10-13, 2013 CL Victoria, CANADA ID MAGNESIUM ALUMINATE SPINEL; PRECIPITATION; MGO-AL2O3 AB Aluminum oxide must take a spinel form (gamma-Al2O3) at elevated temperatures in order for extensive solid solution to form between MgAl2O4 and alpha-Al2O3. The solvus line between MgAl2O4 and Al2O3 has been defined at 79.6 wt% Al2O3 at 1500 degrees C, 83.0 wt% Al2O3 at 1600 degrees C, and 86.5 wt% Al2O3 at 1700 degrees C. A metastable region has been defined at temperatures up to 1700 degrees C which could have significant implications for material processing and properties. Additionally, initial processing could have major implications on final chemistry. C1 [Wilkerson, Kelley R.; Smith, Jeffrey D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Hemrick, James G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wilkerson, KR (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [14954] FX The authors would like to thank Eric Bohannan for all of his support and assistance with collecting and analysis of the XRD data. Work was supported by the Industrial Technologic Program, U.S. Department of Energy, under award number CPS Agreement #14954. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-118-83708-5; 978-1-118-83703-0 PY 2014 BP 303 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BB9SN UT WOS:000348596100052 ER PT B AU Bennett, JP Riggs, BW Kwong, KS Nakano, J AF Bennett, James P. Riggs, Brent W. Kwong, Kyei Sing Nakano, Jinichiro BE Goski, DG Smith, JD TI MECHANISMS OF WEAR REDUCTION IN HIGH CHROME OXIDE REFRACTORIES CONTAINING PHOSPHATE ADDITIONS EXPOSED TO COAL SLAG SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON REFRACTORIES (UNITECR 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR) CY SEP 10-13, 2013 CL Victoria, CANADA AB Gasifiers are reaction vessels used to process carbon feedstock such as coal and/or petcoke at elevated temperature, high pressure, and in a reducing atmosphere (low oxygen partial pressure); forming CO and H-2 - also called synthesis gas or syngas. Syngas is used as a feedstock raw material for chemical production or in power generation. By-products of the gasification process include: 1) unreacted carbon, 2) hot gases such as CO2 and H2S, and 3) slag formed from mineral impurities or organic metallic compounds in the carbon feedstock that liquefy during gasification. In the gasifier, slags interact with the high chrome oxide refractory liner, causing wear by two primary means - spalling (structural and chemical) and chemical dissolution. Phosphate additions to high chrome oxide refractories were recently developed and are known to reduce spalling and lower chemical dissolution of the refractory liner. A discussion of how phosphates influence the brick microstructure to reduce refractory wear caused by coal slag will be presented. C1 [Bennett, James P.; Kwong, Kyei Sing; Nakano, Jinichiro] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Riggs, Brent W.] Eastman Chem Corp, Kingsport, TN USA. [Nakano, Jinichiro] URS Corp, Albany, OR USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-118-83708-5; 978-1-118-83703-0 PY 2014 BP 1198 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BB9SN UT WOS:000348596100203 ER PT B AU Hemrick, JG Armstrong, B Rodrigues-Schroer, A Colavito, D Smith, JD O'Hara, K AF Hemrick, James G. Armstrong, Beth Rodrigues-Schroer, Angela Colavito, Dominick Smith, Jeffrey D. O'Hara, Kelley BE Goski, DG Smith, JD TI SPINEL-BASED REFRACTORIES FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE IN COAL GASIFICATION ENVIRONMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON REFRACTORIES (UNITECR 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR) CY SEP 10-13, 2013 CL Victoria, CANADA AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in collaboration with Minteq International, Inc., Missouri University of Science and Technology and refractory end users, has developed novel refractory systems and techniques to reduce energy consumption of refractory lined vessels. The objective of this U.S. DOE funded project was to address the need for innovative refractory compositions by developing MgO-Al2O3 spinel gunnable refractory compositions utilizing new aggregate materials, bond systems, protective coatings, and phase formation techniques. Materials have been developed specifically for coal gasification environments and work has been performed to develop and apply low cost coatings using a colloidal approach for protection against attack of the refractory brick by the service environment and to develop a light-weight back-up refractory system to help offset the high thermal conductivity inherent in spinel materials. This paper discusses the systematic development of these materials, laboratory testing and evaluation of these materials, and relevant results achieved toward the reduction of chemical reactions and mechanical degradation by the service environment though compositional and processing modifications. C1 [Hemrick, James G.; Armstrong, Beth] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rodrigues-Schroer, Angela; Colavito, Dominick] MINTEQ Int Inc, Easton, PA USA. [Smith, Jeffrey D.; O'Hara, Kelley] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO USA. RP Hemrick, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Armstrong, Beth/E-6752-2017 OI Armstrong, Beth/0000-0001-7149-3576 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy- Industrial Technologies Program (EERE-ITP); Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy- Industrial Technologies Program (EERE-ITP) and by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-118-83708-5; 978-1-118-83703-0 PY 2014 BP 1211 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BB9SN UT WOS:000348596100205 ER PT B AU Hemrick, JG Rodrigues-Schroer, A Colavito, D Smith, JD O'Hara, K AF Hemrick, James G. Rodrigues-Schroer, Angela Colavito, Dominick Smith, Jeffrey D. O'Hara, Kelley BE Goski, DG Smith, JD TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF IMPROVED SHOTCTRETE REFRACTORY FOR ALUMINUM ROTARY FURNACE APPLICATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON REFRACTORIES (UNITECR 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR) CY SEP 10-13, 2013 CL Victoria, CANADA AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in collaboration with refractory manufacturer Minteq International, Inc., academic partner Missouri University of Science and Technology and refractory end users have developed novel refractory systems and techniques to reduce energy consumption of refractory lined vessels. The objective of this U.S. DOE funded project was to address the need for innovative refractory compositions by developing novel gunnable refractory compositions for use in high temperature and high alkali environments. Developed materials utilized new aggregate materials, bond systems, protective coatings, and phase formation techniques. Under this project, materials were developed specifically for aluminum rotary dross furnace applications and a light-weight back-up refractory system was also developed to improve the thermal efficiency of the installed lining system. This paper discusses the systematic development of these materials, laboratory testing and evaluation of these materials, and the performance of several industrial trials performed using these newly developed materials. The success of the industrial trials will be highlighted and future areas of application of these materials discussed. C1 [Hemrick, James G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rodrigues-Schroer, Angela; Colavito, Dominick] MINTEQ Int Inc, Easton, PA USA. [Smith, Jeffrey D.; O'Hara, Kelley] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Rolla, MO USA. RP Hemrick, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU United States Government, United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This submission was produced by a contractor of the United States Government under contract DE-AC05- 00OR22725 with the United States Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this submission for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains, a nonexclusive, paid- up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this submission, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA BN 978-1-118-83708-5; 978-1-118-83703-0 PY 2014 BP 1279 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BB9SN UT WOS:000348596100216 ER PT S AU Rogachev, GV Avila, ML Kuchera, AN Baby, LT Belarge, J Blackmon, J Goldberg, VZ Johnson, ED Kemper, KW Koshchiy, E Linhardt, L Marcon, K Santiago-Gonzalez, D Wiedenhoover, I AF Rogachev, G. V. Avila, M. L. Kuchera, A. N. Baby, L. T. Belarge, J. Blackmon, J. Goldberg, V. Z. Johnson, E. D. Kemper, K. W. Koshchiy, E. Linhardt, L. Marcon, K. Santiago-Gonzalez, D. Wiedenhoever, I. BE Yamada, T KanadaEnyo, Y TI Clustering in non-self-conjugate nuclei Be-10 and O-18 SO 3RD INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STATE OF THE ART IN NUCLEAR CLUSTER PHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on State of the Art in Nuclear Cluster Physics (SOTANCP) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Kanto Gakuin Univ, Yokohama, JAPAN SP Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Univ Tokyo, Ctr Nucl Study, Joint Inst Computat Fundamental Sci, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci HO Kanto Gakuin Univ ID MOLECULAR-STATES; ALPHA-CLUSTER AB Clustering phenomena in Be-10 and O-18 were studied by means of resonance elastic scattering of alpha-particles on He-6 and C-14. Excitation functions for alpha+He-6 and alpha+C-14 were measured and detailed R-matrix analyses of the excitation functions was performed. We compare the experimental results with the predictions of modern theoretical approaches and discuss properties of cluster rotational bands. C1 [Rogachev, G. V.; Goldberg, V. Z.; Koshchiy, E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rogachev, G. V.; Avila, M. L.; Kuchera, A. N.; Baby, L. T.; Belarge, J.; Johnson, E. D.; Kemper, K. W.; Koshchiy, E.; Santiago-Gonzalez, D.; Wiedenhoever, I.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL USA. [Avila, M. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Lemont, IL USA. [Kuchera, A. N.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Blackmon, J.; Linhardt, L.; Marcon, K.; Santiago-Gonzalez, D.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Rogachev, GV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rogachev@tamu.edu RI Rogachev, Grigory/J-2693-2015 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 569 AR UNSP 012004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/569/1/012004 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8ZE UT WOS:000347871100004 ER PT S AU Dubois, M Brown, D Clausen, B Addad, A Lodini, A AF Dubois, M. Brown, D. Clausen, B. Addad, A. Lodini, A. BE Nicoara, M Opris, C TI Study of superelastic behavior of CuAlBe Shape Memory Alloy by neutron diffraction SO ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES V SE Solid State Phenomena LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Structures (AMS) CY OCT 24-25, 2013 CL Timisoara, ROMANIA SP Politechnica Fdn DE Superelasticity; CuAlBe Shape Memory Alloy; Neutron diffraction; Martensitic phase transformation ID ZN-AL ALLOY AB The aim of this work is to understand the evolutions of the beta(1) metastable austenite phase of a CuAlBe Shape Memory Alloy at macroscopic and microscopic scales under mechanical solicitation by neutron diffraction. The tensile specimen, taken in the raw material is subjected to superelastic cycles at room temperature on SMARTS diffractometer. Before loading, the mater ial is fully austenitic. During loading, after elastic deformation of austenite, phase transformation starts, martensite variants appear. The material follows a law of pseudo elastic behavior. At the end of the first mechanical cycle after unloading, the macroscopic curve does not fully return into its original point. A macroscopic deformation is observed. The evolution of first order microdeformations during mechanical cycles shows a large deformation of {400} plane family. This deformation is linked to the presence of < 001 > partial fibber characterizing the crystallographic texture of the material after elaboration. The FWHM of the (400) diffraction peak is also largely increased during loading. This increase is the signature of the generation of stacking faults during the transformation of beta(1) metastable austenite into beta'(1) martensite. C1 [Dubois, M.; Lodini, A.] UFR Sci Exactes & Nat, LISM, F-51687 Reims 2, France. [Brown, D.; Clausen, B.] Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Addad, A.] Univ Lille, UMET, F-59655 Villeneuve, France. RP Dubois, M (reprint author), UFR Sci Exactes & Nat, LISM, F-51687 Reims 2, France. EM matthieudubois08@wanadoo.fr; dbrown@lanl.gov; clausen@lanl.gov; ahmed.addad@univ-lille1.fr; alain.lodini@univ-reims.fr NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0394 BN 978-3-03835-212-9 J9 SOLID STATE PHENOMEN PY 2014 VL 216 BP 194 EP 199 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.216.194 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB9AE UT WOS:000347924100033 ER PT J AU Guedj, J Pang, PS Denning, J Rodriguez-Torres, M Lawitz, E Symonds, W Perelson, AS AF Guedj, Jeremie Pang, Phillip S. Denning, Jill Rodriguez-Torres, Maribel Lawitz, Eric Symonds, William Perelson, Alan S. TI Analysis of hepatitis C viral kinetics during administration of two nucleotide analogues: sofosbuvir (GS-7977) and GS-0938 SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID ACTING ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; HCV INFECTION; VIRUS; INHIBITOR; GENOTYPE; TELAPREVIR; PSI-7977; THERAPY; RNA; DACLATASVIR AB Background: Sofosbuvir (GS-7977) and GS-0938 are nucleotide analogue HCV polymerase inhibitors, with sofosbuvir being a pyrimidine and GS-0938 being a purine. Mathematical modelling has provided important insights for characterizing HCV RNA decline and for estimating the in vivo effectiveness of single direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs); however it has not been used to characterize viral kinetics with combination DAA therapy. Methods: We evaluated the antiviral activity of sofosbuvir and GS-0938 given alone and in combination for 14 days in 32 HCV genotype 1 treatment-naive patients (P2938-0212; NUCLEAR study). Results: Viral load declined rapidly in a biphasic manner in all subjects and could be well fitted by assuming that both drugs had a similar and additive level of effectiveness in reducing viral production equal to 99.96%, on average. The model predicted that this level of effectiveness was not reached until 0.6 and 2 days for GS-0938 and sofosbuvir, respectively, and likely represents the time needed to accumulate intracellular triphosphates. Subsequently, both drugs led to a rapid second phase of viral decline with a mean rate of 0.35 d(-1). No effect of IL28B-polymorphism was found on viral kinetic parameters. Conclusions: Both sofosbuvir and GS-0938 are highly effective at blocking viral production from HCV-infected cells. Both drugs led to a rapid and consistent second phase viral decline and exhibited no breakthroughs or other signs of resistance. From a kinetics perspective, because both drugs were of the same class there was little benefit in combining them, suggesting that future DAA combinations should consider utilizing drugs with different modes of action. C1 [Guedj, Jeremie] Univ Paris Diderot, INSERM, UMR 738, F-75018 Paris, France. [Guedj, Jeremie] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75018 Paris, France. [Guedj, Jeremie; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Pang, Phillip S.; Denning, Jill; Symonds, William] Gilead Sci Inc, Foster City, CA 94404 USA. [Rodriguez-Torres, Maribel] Fdn Invest, San Juan, PR USA. [Lawitz, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Texas Liver Inst, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM asp@lanl.gov RI Guedj, Jeremie/A-6842-2017 OI Guedj, Jeremie/0000-0002-5534-5482 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.3851/IMP2733 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA CA0IK UT WOS:000348601000010 PM 24464551 ER PT J AU Rong, LB Guedj, J Dahari, H Perelson, AS AF Rong, Libin Guedj, Jeremie Dahari, Harel Perelson, Alan S. TI Treatment of hepatitis C with an interferon-based lead-in phase: a perspective from mathematical modelling SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY LA English DT Article ID GENOTYPE 1 INFECTION; SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS; CHRONIC HCV INFECTION; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; VIRUS-INFECTION; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A; COMBINATION TREATMENT; PEGYLATED INTERFERON AB Background: The standard of care for HCV genotype 1 is a protease inhibitor (telaprevir or boceprevir) combined with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). A lead-in phase of PEG-IFN/RBV therapy before addition of the protease inhibitor has been used, with the aim of improving response rates by reducing the development of protease inhibitor resistance. However, whether such a strategy can bring benefit to patients is unclear. Methods: A viral dynamic model was used to compare in silico HCV dynamics in patients treated with a period of PEG-IFN/RBV lead-in therapy followed by the addition of a protease inhibitor versus immediate triple therapy without lead-in. Results: The model predicts that both regimens result in a similar end-of-treatment viral load change (viral decline or breakthrough). Thus, the current lead-in strategy may not decrease the rate of viral breakthrough/relapse or increase the rate of sustained virological response. This agrees with available data from clinical trials of several HCV protease inhibitors, such as telaprevir, boceprevir and faldaprevir. Conclusions: These results suggest that current PEG-IFN/RBV lead-in strategies may not improve treatment outcomes. However, viral kinetics during a period of PEG-IFN/RBV therapy, combined with other factors, such as the IL28B polymorphism and baseline viral load, can identify IFN-sensitive patients and help develop response-guided therapies. C1 [Rong, Libin] Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. [Rong, Libin] Oakland Univ, Ctr Biomed Res, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. [Guedj, Jeremie] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, INSERM, UMR 738, Paris, France. [Dahari, Harel] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hepatol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Dahari, Harel; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM asp@lanl.gov RI Guedj, Jeremie/A-6842-2017 OI Guedj, Jeremie/0000-0002-5534-5482 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL109334, R34 HL109334]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI028433, AI028433, AI07881, R01 AI078881, R37 AI028433]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P20 GM103452, P20-GM103452, P30 GM110907]; NIH HHS [OD011095, R01 OD011095] NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND SN 1359-6535 J9 ANTIVIR THER JI Antivir. Ther. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 5 BP 469 EP 477 DI 10.3851/IMP2725 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA CA0IX UT WOS:000348602500005 PM 24434478 ER PT J AU Burrows, SM Ogunro, O Frossard, AA Russell, LM Rasch, PJ Elliott, SM AF Burrows, S. M. Ogunro, O. Frossard, A. A. Russell, L. M. Rasch, P. J. Elliott, S. M. TI A physically based framework for modeling the organic fractionation of sea spray aerosol from bubble film Langmuir equilibria SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY MARINE AEROSOL; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; SURFACE-ACTIVE MATERIAL; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; LIQUID INTERFACES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ADRIATIC SEA; SOLUBLE SURFACTANT AB The presence of a large fraction of organic matter in primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) can strongly affect its cloud condensation nuclei activity and interactions with marine clouds. Global climate models require new parameterizations of the SSA composition in order to improve the representation of these processes. Existing proposals for such a parameterization use remotely sensed chlorophyll a concentrations as a proxy for the biogenic contribution to the aerosol. However, both observations and theoretical considerations suggest that existing relationships with chlorophyll a, derived from observations at only a few locations, may not be representative for all ocean regions. We introduce a novel framework for parameterizing the fractionation of marine organic matter into SSA based on a competitive Langmuir adsorption equilibrium at bubble surfaces. Marine organic matter is partitioned into classes with differing molecular weights, surface excesses, and Langmuir adsorption parameters. The classes include a lipid-like mixture associated with labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a polysaccharide-like mixture associated primarily with semi-labile DOC, a protein-like mixture with concentrations intermediate between lipids and polysaccharides, a processed mixture associated with recalcitrant surface DOC, and a deep abyssal humic-like mixture. Box model calculations have been performed for several cases of organic adsorption to illustrate the underlying concepts. We then apply the framework to output from a global marine biogeochemistry model, by partitioning total dissolved organic carbon into several classes of macromolecules. Each class is represented by model compounds with physical and chemical properties based on existing laboratory data. This allows us to globally map the predicted organic mass fraction of the nascent submicron sea spray aerosol. Predicted relationships between chlorophyll a and organic fraction are similar to existing empirical parameterizations, but can vary between biologically productive and nonproductive regions, and seasonally within a given region. Major uncertainties include the bubble film thickness at bursting, and the variability of organic surfactant activity in the ocean, which is poorly constrained. In addition, polysaccharides may enter the aerosol more efficiently than Langmuir adsorption would suggest. Potential mechanisms for enrichment of polysaccharides in sea spray include the formation of marine colloidal particles that may be more efficiently swept up by rising bubbles, and cooperative adsorption of polysaccharides with proteins or lipids. These processes may make important contributions to the aerosol, but are not included here. This organic fractionation framework is an initial step towards a closer linking of ocean biogeochemistry and aerosol chemical composition in Earth system models. Future work should focus on improving constraints on model parameters through new laboratory experiments or through empirical fitting to observed relationships in the real ocean and atmosphere, as well as on atmospheric implications of the variable composition of organic matter in sea spray. C1 [Burrows, S. M.; Rasch, P. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ogunro, O.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Chem, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Frossard, A. A.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Elliott, S. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean Sea Ice Modeling Team, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Burrows, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM susannah.burrows@pnnl.gov RI Burrows, Susannah/A-7429-2011 OI Burrows, Susannah/0000-0002-0745-7252 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Earth System Modeling Program; SciDAC project ACES4BGC - Applying Computationally Efficient Schemes for Biogeochemical Cycles; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Earth System Modeling Program, and by the SciDAC project ACES4BGC - Applying Computationally Efficient Schemes for Biogeochemical Cycles. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 175 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 24 BP 13601 EP 13629 DI 10.5194/acp-14-13601-2014 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TI UT WOS:000347957100010 ER PT J AU Yu, L Smith, J Laskin, A Anastasio, C Laskin, J Zhang, Q AF Yu, L. Smith, J. Laskin, A. Anastasio, C. Laskin, J. Zhang, Q. TI Chemical characterization of SOA formed from aqueous-phase reactions of phenols with the triplet excited state of carbonyl and hydroxyl radical SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; METHOXYLATED PHENOLS; URBAN AIR; OXIDATION; CHEMISTRY AB Phenolic compounds, which are emitted in significant amounts from biomass burning, can undergo fast reactions in atmospheric aqueous phases to form secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). In this study, we investigate the reactions of phenol (compound with formula C6H5OH)), guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol), and syringol (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) with two major aqueous-phase oxidants - the triplet excited states of an aromatic carbonyl (C-3*) and hydroxyl radical (center dot OH). We thoroughly characterize the low-volatility species produced from these reactions and interpret their formation mechanisms using aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS), nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI MS), and ion chromatography (IC). A large number of oxygenated molecules are identified, including oligomers containing up to six monomer units, functionalized monomer and oligomers with carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups, and small organic acid anions (e.g., formate, acetate, oxalate, and malate). The average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios of phenolic aqSOA are in the range of 0.85-1.23, similar to those of low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) observed in ambient air. The aqSOA compositions are overall similar for the same precursor, but the reactions mediated by C-3* are faster than center dot OH-mediated reactions and produce more oligomers and hydroxylated species at the point when 50% of the phenolic compound has reacted. Profiles determined using a thermodenuder indicate that the volatility of phenolic aqSOA is influenced by both oligomer content and O / C ratio. In addition, the aqSOA shows enhanced light absorption in the UV-visible region, suggesting that aqueous-phase reactions of phenols may contribute to formation of secondary brown carbon in the atmosphere, especially in regions influenced by biomass burning. C1 [Yu, L.; Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Smith, J.; Anastasio, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Laskin, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Laskin, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Phys Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dkwzhang@ucdavis.edu RI Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; OI Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 FU US National Science Foundation [AGS-1036675]; California Agricultural Experiment Station [CA-D-ETX-2102-H, CA-D*-LAW-6403-RR]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US PNNL; US DOE [DE-AC06-76RL0 1830]; Jastro Shields Graduate Research Award (UC Davis); Atmospheric Aerosols and Health (AAH) program at UCDavis FX This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation, grant no. AGS-1036675 and the California Agricultural Experiment Station (Projects CA-D-ETX-2102-H and CA-D*-LAW-6403-RR). The nano-DESI MS analysis was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) - a national scientific user facility located at PNNL, and sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US PNNL is operated for US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract no. DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. Additional funding was provided by a Jastro Shields Graduate Research Award (UC Davis) and graduate fellowships from the Atmospheric Aerosols and Health (AAH) program at UCDavis to L. Yu and J. Smith. We thank Ann Dillner, Kathryn George, and Sonya Collier for help with experiments. NR 61 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 13 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 24 BP 13801 EP 13816 DI 10.5194/acp-14-13801-2014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TI UT WOS:000347957100021 ER PT J AU Nistico, P Di Modugno, F Spada, S Bissell, MJ AF Nistico, Paola Di Modugno, Francesca Spada, Sheila Bissell, Mina J. TI beta 1 and beta 4 integrins: from breast development to clinical practice SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID MAMMARY-TUMOR PROGRESSION; ALPHA-6-BETA-4 INTEGRIN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CANCER CELLS; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; 3-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE; BETA(1) INTEGRIN; ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPY; TAMOXIFEN RESISTANCE; LAMININ RECEPTOR AB Following a highly dynamic and complex dialogue between the epithelium and the surrounding microenvironment, the mammary gland develops into a branching structure during puberty, buds during pregnancy, forms intricate polar acini during lactation and, once the babies are weaned, remodels and involutes. At every stage of menstrual and pregnancy cycles, interactions between the cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) and homotypic and heterotypic cell-cell interactions give rise to the architecture and function of the gland at that junction. These orchestrated programs would not be possible without the important role of the ECM receptors, integrins being the prime examples. The ECM-integrin axis regulates many crucial cellular functions including survival, migration and quiescence; the imbalance in any of these processes could contribute to oncogenesis. In this review we spotlight the involvement of two prominent integrin subunits, beta 1 and beta 4 integrins, in cross-talk with tyrosine kinase receptors, and we discuss the roles of these integrin subunits in the biology of normal breast differentiation and as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. C1 [Nistico, Paola; Di Modugno, Francesca; Spada, Sheila] Regina Elena Inst Canc Res, Immunol Lab, I-00144 Rome, Italy. [Spada, Sheila] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Mol Med, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nistico, P (reprint author), Regina Elena Inst Canc Res, Immunol Lab, Via Elio Chianesi 53, I-00144 Rome, Italy. EM nistico@ifo.it OI Nistico', Paola/0000-0003-4409-2261 FU Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Cinque per Mille Grants [12182, 9979]; IG [11631]; National Cancer Institute awards [R37CA064786, U54CA126552, U54CA143836]; US Department of Defense Innovator Award [W81XWH0810736]; Breast Cancer Research Foundation FX The authors are grateful to Dr Pierluigi Iapicca for helpful discussion and to Dr Catherine Park for critical reading of the manuscript. The work from PN's laboratory is supported by the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Cinque per Mille Grants 12182 and 9979, IG 11631. The work from MJB's laboratory is supported by National Cancer Institute awards R37CA064786, U54CA126552 and U54CA143836, by a US Department of Defense Innovator Award (W81XWH0810736) and in part by a grant from The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-542X EI 1465-5411 J9 BREAST CANCER RES JI Breast Cancer Res. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 5 AR 459 DI 10.1186/s13058-014-0459-x PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CA1II UT WOS:000348665600032 PM 25606594 ER PT J AU Batra, A Meisner, JS Darancet, P Chen, QS Steigerwald, ML Nuckolls, C Venkataraman, L AF Batra, Arunabh Meisner, Jeffrey S. Darancet, Pierre Chen, Qishui Steigerwald, Michael L. Nuckolls, Colin Venkataraman, Latha TI Molecular diodes enabled by quantum interference SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT; ORGANIC ELECTRONICS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS; RECTIFICATION; CONDUCTANCE; DERIVATIVES; CHEMISTRY; DEVICES; CELLS AB We use scanning tunneling microscope break-junction (STM-BJ) measurements to study the low-bias conductance and high-bias current-voltage (IV) characteristics of a series of asymmetric para-meta connected diphenyl-oligoenes. From tight-binding calculations, we determine that the quantum interference features inherent in our molecular design result in a 'through-bond' coupling on the para-side, and through-space coupling on the meta-side. We show that these molecular junctions form single molecule diodes, and show that the rectification results from a difference in the voltage dependence of the coupling strength on the through-bond and the through-space side. The interplay between the applied voltage and the molecule-metal coupling results from the asymmetric polarizability of the conducting orbital under an external field. C1 [Batra, Arunabh; Darancet, Pierre; Venkataraman, Latha] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Meisner, Jeffrey S.; Chen, Qishui; Steigerwald, Michael L.; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Darancet, Pierre] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nuckolls, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM cn37@columbia.edu; lv2117@columbia.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Venkataraman, Latha/0000-0002-6957-6089 FU NSF Award [DMR-1206202]; Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-07-07425]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 98CH10886]; Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001085] FX This work has been supported in part by the NSF Award (DMR-1206202) and the Packard Foundation. A.B. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant no. DGE-07-07425. Part of this work was carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (contract no. DE-AC02- 98CH10886). The synthetic portions of this work was supported as part of the Center for Re-Defining Photovoltaic Efficiency Through Molecular-Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001085. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2014 VL 174 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1039/c4fd00093e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AZ6LP UT WOS:000348331600005 PM 25268850 ER PT B AU Coutant, CC AF Coutant, Charles (Chuck) C. BE Taylor, WW Lynch, AJ Leonard, NJ TI Give, and You Shall Receive SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES: PERSPECTIVES FOR EMERGING PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Coutant, Charles (Chuck) C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM ccoutant3@comcast.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-38-7 PY 2014 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BB8DW UT WOS:000346453500013 ER PT S AU Hunter, SR Smith, DB Polizos, G Schaeffer, DA Lee, DF Datskos, PG AF Hunter, Scott R. Smith, D. Barton Polizos, Georgios Schaeffer, Daniel A. Lee, Dominic F. Datskos, Panos G. BE Plesniak, AP Pfefferkorn, C TI Low cost anti-soiling coatings for CSP collector mirrors and heliostats SO High and Low Concentrator Systems for Solar Energy Applications IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High and Low Concentrator Systems for Solar Energy Applications IX CY AUG 19-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE superhydrophobic; anti-soiling; optical coatings; CSP; heliostats; collectors AB Most concentrating solar power (CSP) facilities in the USA are located in the desert southwest where open land and sunshine are abundant, but airborne dust is prevalent. The accumulation of dust, sand and other natural pollutants on collector mirrors and heliostats presents a significant operational problem and M&O cost for the CSP facilities in this region. The optical performance of the CSP collectors is key to achieving low electricity costs, where a 1% decrease in reflectance directly leads to a 1% increase in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) generated by these facilities. In this paper we describe the development of low cost, easy to apply anti-soiling coatings based on superhydrophobic (SH) functionalized nano silica materials and polymer binders that posses the key requirements necessary to inhibit particulate deposition on, and adhesion to, CSP mirror surfaces, and thereby significantly reducing mirror cleaning costs and facility downtime. The key requirements for these coatings are excellent optical clarity with minimal diffuse reflectance, and coating mechanical and exposure durability in harsh desert environments while maintaining SH and dirt shedding properties. The coatings developed to date have excellent SH properties with water contact angles > 165 degrees and rolling angles < 5 degrees. The solar weighted optical reflectance of the anti-soiling coating over the wavelength range 250 nm to 3 mu m is > 99% that of uncoated mirror surfaces with coating diffuse reflectance being < 1% over this wavelength range. Ongoing mechanical and accelerated solar UVA exposures also indicate these coatings will meet the required durability goals. C1 [Hunter, Scott R.; Smith, D. Barton; Polizos, Georgios; Schaeffer, Daniel A.; Lee, Dominic F.; Datskos, Panos G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hunter, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM huntersr@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-202-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9175 AR UNSP 91750J DI 10.1117/12.2061845 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BC0AA UT WOS:000348842300013 ER PT J AU Chang, HC Li, P Zhang, W Liu, T Hoffmann, A Deng, LJ Wu, MZ AF Chang, Houchen Li, Peng Zhang, Wei Liu, Tao Hoffmann, Axel Deng, Longjiang Wu, Mingzhong TI Nanometer-Thick Yttrium Iron Garnet Films With Extremely Low Damping SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Current topics; ferromagnetic resonance; Gilbert damping; sputtering; yttrium iron garnet films ID SPIN; INSULATOR AB Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films that are in the nanometer thickness range and show extremely low damping are reported. The films were deposited via sputtering at room temperature and were then annealed in O-2 at high temperature. A 22-nm-thick YIG film showed a Gilbert damping constant alpha = (8.58 +/- 0.21) x 10(-5), which represents the lowest damping ever reported for nanometer-thick magnetic films. The film had a gyromagnetic ratio of vertical bar y vertical bar = 2.83 MHz/Oe and a saturation induction of 4 pi M-s = 1766 G, which are both very close to those of single-crystal YIG bulk materials. The film had a very smooth surface, with an rms surface roughness of about 0.13 nm. C1 [Chang, Houchen; Li, Peng; Liu, Tao; Wu, Mingzhong] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Hoffmann, Axel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Tao; Deng, Longjiang] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, State Key Lab Elect Thin Films & Integrated Devic, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. RP Wu, MZ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM mwu@lamar.colostate.edu RI Zhang, Wei/G-1523-2012; Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Zhang, Wei/0000-0002-5878-3090; Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0518, W911NF-14-1-0501, W911NF-11-C-0075]; U.S. National Science Foundation [ECCS-1231598]; C-SPIN - MARCO; C-SPIN - DARPA; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX This work was supported mainly by the U.S. Army Research Office (W911NF-12-1-0518). The work was also supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (ECCS-1231598), the U.S. Army Research Office (W911NF-14-1-0501, W911NF-11-C-0075), and C-SPIN (one of the SRC STARnet Centers sponsored by MARCO and DARPA). The work at Argonne was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 10 U2 38 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2014 VL 5 AR 6700104 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2014.2350958 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AZ0DK UT WOS:000347916300023 ER PT J AU Malik, V Goodwill, J Mallapragada, S Prozorov, T Prozorov, R AF Malik, V. Goodwill, J. Mallapragada, S. Prozorov, T. Prozorov, R. TI Comparative Study of Magnetic Properties of Nanoparticles by High-Frequency Heat Dissipation and Conventional Magnetometry SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanomagnetics; magnetite nanoparticles; specific absorption rate ID HYPERTHERMIA; FIELD; SIZE AB The rate of heating of similar to 15 nm uniformly-sized magnetic aqueous nanoparticles suspension by high-amplitude and high-frequency ac magnetic field induced by the resonating LC circuit was measured. The results are analyzed in terms of specific energy absorption rate (SAR). Fitting field amplitude and frequency dependences of SAR to the linear response theory, magnetic moment per particles was extracted. The value of magnetic moment was independently evaluated from dc magnetization measurements of a frozen colloid by fitting field-dependent magnetization to a Langevin function. The two methods produced similar results, which are compared to the theoretical expectation for this particle size. Additionally, analysis of SAR curves yielded effective relaxation time. C1 [Malik, V.; Goodwill, J.; Mallapragada, S.; Prozorov, T.; Prozorov, R.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mallapragada, S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Prozorov, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Prozorov, R (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM prozorov@ameslab.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program under Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Department of Energy Office of Science Early Career Research Award, Biomolecular Materials Program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program under its contract with Iowa State University, Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. SULI student J. Goodwill is grateful to the DOE for the internship and opportunity to participate in the SULI program. The work of T. Prozorov was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science Early Career Research Award, Biomolecular Materials Program. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2014 VL 5 AR 4000104 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2014.2368517 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AZ0DK UT WOS:000347916300018 ER PT J AU Lu, JR Gerke, TL Buse, HY Ashbolt, NJ AF Lu, Jingrang Gerke, Tammie L. Buse, Helen Y. Ashbolt, Nicholas J. TI Development of an Escherichia coli K12-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and DNA isolation suited to biofilms associated with iron drinking water pipe corrosion products SO JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE drinking water biofilm; Escherichia coli K12; iron oxide/oxyhydroxide; qPCR assay ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; PCR; INHIBITION; AMPLIFICATION; COLIFORMS AB A quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (115 bp amplicon) specific to Escherichia coli K12 with an ABITM internal control was developed based on sequence data encoding the rfb gene cluster. Assay specificity was evaluated using three E. coli K12 strains (ATCC W3110, MG1655 & DH1), 24 non-K12 E. coli and 23 bacterial genera. The biofilm detection limit was 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU) E. coli K12 mL(-1), but required a modified protocol, which included a bio-blocker Pseudomonas aeruginosa with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffered to pH 5 prior to cell lysis/DNA extraction. The novel protocol yielded the same sensitivity for drinking water biofilms associated with Fe3O4 (magnetite)-coated SiO2 (quartz) grains and biofilm-surface iron corrosion products from a drinking water distribution system. The novel DNA extraction protocol and specific E. coli K12 assay are sensitive and robust enough for detection and quantification within iron drinking water pipe biofilms, and are particularly well suited for studying enteric bacterial interactions within biofilms. C1 [Lu, Jingrang; Buse, Helen Y.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] US Environm Protect Agcy ORD, NERL, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gerke, Tammie L.] US Environm Protect Agcy ORD, ORISE, NERL, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Gerke, Tammie L.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Geol, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Buse, Helen Y.] Dynamac Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Ashbolt, Nicholas J.] Univ Alberta, Sch Publ Hlth, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. RP Lu, JR (reprint author), US Environm Protect Agcy ORD, NERL, MCEARD, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Lu.Jingrang@epa.gov FU United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA); US EPA [DW89922222]; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX This research was funded in part by the Aging Infrastructure Fund from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the US EPA. This work received funding through collaboration with the US EPA's ORD under Interagency Agreement DW89922222 with the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. Any mention of products or trade names does not constitute endorsement nor recommendation for use. Thanks to Laura Bozeck, Dennis Lye, Jill Hoelle-Schwalbach of the EPA Office of Research and Development for providing bacterial strains; and Dynamac contractor Ian Struewing for assisting with biofilm preparations and qPCR optimization. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1477-8920 J9 J WATER HEALTH JI J. Water Health PY 2014 VL 12 IS 4 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.2166/wh.2014.203 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Microbiology; Water Resources GA CA0FR UT WOS:000348592800017 PM 25473986 ER PT S AU Staude, I Decker, M Falkner, M Dominguez, J Neshev, DN Brener, I Pertsch, T Kivshar, YS AF Staude, Isabelle Decker, Manuel Falkner, Matthias Dominguez, Jason Neshev, Dragomir N. Brener, Igal Pertsch, Thomas Kivshar, Yuri S. BE Engheta, N Noginov, MA Zheludev, NI TI High-transmittance all-dielectric Huygens' metasurfaces (Presentation Video) SO METAMATERIALS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metamaterials - Fundamentals and Applications CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Staude, Isabelle; Decker, Manuel; Neshev, Dragomir N.; Kivshar, Yuri S.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Falkner, Matthias; Pertsch, Thomas] Friedrich Shiller Univ Jena, Jena, Germany. [Dominguez, Jason; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Staude, I (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RI Neshev, Dragomir/A-3759-2008 OI Neshev, Dragomir/0000-0002-4508-8646 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-187-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9160 AR UNSP 91600A DI 10.1117/12.2061444 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BB9HG UT WOS:000348313600002 ER PT J AU He, X Arslan, AD Ho, TT Yuan, C Stampfer, MR Beck, WT AF He, X. Arslan, A. D. Ho, T-T Yuan, C. Stampfer, M. R. Beck, W. T. TI Involvement of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1) in maintaining breast cancer cell growth and malignant properties SO ONCOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; polypyrimidine tract-binding protein; RNA interference; human mammary epithelial cell; tumorigenesis ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; KINASE MESSENGER-RNA; PYRUVATE-KINASE; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; TUMOR-GROWTH; METASTASIS; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; LINES; GENE AB We have investigated some roles of splicing factor polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1) in human breast cancer. We found that PTBP1 was upregulated in progressively transformed human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), as well as in breast tumor cell lines compared with HMECs with finite growth potential and found that the level of PTBP1 correlated with the transformation state of HMECs. Knockdown of PTBP1 expression substantially inhibited tumor cell growth, colony formation in soft agar and in vitro invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines, a result similar to what we have reported in ovarian cancer. However, ectopic expression of PTBP1 (as a PTBP1-EGFP fusion protein) did not enhance the proliferation of immortalized HMEC. Rather, PTBP1 expression promoted anchorage-independent growth of an immortalized HMEC as assessed by increased colony formation in soft agar. In addition, we found that knockdown of PTBP1 expression led to upregulation of the expression of the M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM1) and increase of the ratio of PKM1 vs PKM2. PKM1 has been reported to promote oxidative phosphorylation and reduce tumorigenesis. Correspondingly, we observed increased oxygen consumption in PTBP1-knockdown breast cancer cells. Together, these results suggest that PTBP1 is associated with breast tumorigenesis and appears to be required for tumor cell growth and maintenance of transformed properties. PTBP1 exerts these effects, in part, by regulating the splicing of pyruvate kinase, and consequently alters glucose metabolism and contributes to the Warburg effect. C1 [He, X.; Yuan, C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107 USA. [He, X.; Beck, W. T.] Univ Illinois, Canc Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. [Arslan, A. D.; Ho, T-T; Beck, W. T.] Univ Illinois, Coll Pharm, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Stampfer, M. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP He, X (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm Rockford, 1601 Parkview Ave,Room N308, Rockford, IL 61107 USA. EM xiaohe@uic.edu; WTBeck@uic.edu FU National Cancer Institute [RO1 CA40570, RO1 CA138762]; State of Illinois Department of Public Health's Penny Severns Breast, Cervical and Ovarian Cancer Research Fund; NCRR NIH [C06RR15482]; Department of Defense [BCRP BC060444, DEAC02-05CH1123] FX We thank Dr Didier Trono (University of Geneva, Switzerland) for his generous gift of lentiviral vectors LV-THM and LV-tTR/KRAB-Red as well as plasmids pMD2.G, pMDLg/pRRE and pRSV-Rev; Dr Nissim Hay for the use of the Strathkelvin Model 782 oxygen meter; Dr Veronique Nogueira for technical assistance with the oxygen consumption assay. We also thank our colleague, Ms Martina Vaskova, for her outstanding administrative assistance. This work was supported in part by National Cancer Institute grants RO1 CA40570 and RO1 CA138762 to WTB and in part by the State of Illinois Department of Public Health's Penny Severns Breast, Cervical and Ovarian Cancer Research Fund to XH. It was conducted in a facility constructed with support from the NCRR NIH Grant C06RR15482. MRS was supported by Department of Defense Grant BCRP BC060444 carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract Number DEAC02-05CH1123. NR 44 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 2157-9024 J9 ONCOGENESIS JI Oncogenesis PD JAN PY 2014 VL 3 AR e84 DI 10.1038/oncsis.2013.47 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA AZ8CR UT WOS:000348443000001 PM 24418892 ER PT S AU Kassianov, E Barnard, J Flynn, C Riihimaki, L Michalsky, J Hodges, G AF Kassianov, Evgueni Barnard, James Flynn, Connor Riihimaki, Laura Michalsky, Joseph Hodges, Gary BE Comeron, A Kassianov, EI Schafer, K Picard, RH Stein, K Gonglewski, JD TI Retrieval of Areal-averaged Spectral Surface Albedo from Transmission Data Alone: Computationally Simple and Fast Approach SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XIX AND OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIX and Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE areal-averaged surface albedo; ground- and satellite-based remote sensing; atmospheric transmission ID CENTRAL FACILITY; MODIS; REFLECTANCE; CLOUD AB We introduce and evaluate a simple retrieval of areal-averaged surface albedo using ground-based measurements of atmospheric transmission alone at five wavelengths (415, 500, 615, 673 and 870nm), under fully overcast conditions. Our retrieval is based on a one-line semi-analytical equation and widely accepted assumptions regarding the weak spectral dependence of cloud optical properties, such as cloud optical depth and asymmetry parameter, in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. To illustrate the performance of our retrieval, we use as input measurements of spectral atmospheric transmission from the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR). These MFRSR data are collected at two well-established continental sites in the United States supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The areal-averaged albedos obtained from the MFRSR are compared with collocated and coincident Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) white-sky albedo. In particular, these comparisons are made at four MFRSR wavelengths (500, 615, 673 and 870nm) and for four seasons (winter, spring, summer and fall) at the ARM site using multi-year (2008-2013) MFRSR and MODIS data. Good agreement, on average, for these wavelengths results in small values (<= 0.015) of the corresponding root mean square errors (RMSEs) for these two sites. The obtained RMSEs are comparable with those obtained previously for the shortwave albedos (MODIS-derived versus tower-measured) for these sites during growing seasons. We also demonstrate good agreement between tower-based daily-averaged surface albedos measured for "nearby" overcast and non-overcast days. Thus, our retrieval originally developed for overcast conditions likely can be extended for non-overcast days by interpolating between overcast retrievals. C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; Barnard, James; Flynn, Connor; Riihimaki, Laura] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hodges, Gary] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pnnl.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER); US Department of Energy (DOE); Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) [DE-A06-76RLO] FX This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-A06-76RLO 1830. The MODIS surface albedo data, with product designation MCD43B3 (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table/mcd43b3; 1- km resolution), are downloaded from the MODIS Reprojection Tool Web Interface (MRTWeb) site (https://mrtweb.cr.usgs.gov/). We greatly appreciate that these data have been made available to us. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-305-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9242 AR UNSP 924205 DI 10.1117/12.2070282 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9HJ UT WOS:000348316100005 ER PT J AU Calderon, IL Morales, EH Collao, B Calderon, PF Chahuan, CA Acuna, LG Gil, F Saavedra, CP AF Calderon, Ivan L. Morales, Eduardo H. Collao, Bernardo Calderon, Paulina F. Chahuan, Catalina A. Acuna, Lillian G. Gil, Fernando Saavedra, Claudia P. TI Role of Salmonella Typhimurium small RNAs RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 in the oxidative stress response SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sRNA; RyhB; Oxidative stress ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE DISRUPTS; FREE-IRON LEVELS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HOST-CELLS; EXPRESSION; REGULON; HOMEOSTASIS; IDENTIFICATION; PROKARYOTES; METABOLISM AB As part of the response to specific stress conditions, bacteria express small molecules of non-coding RNA which maintain cellular homeostasis by regulating gene expression, commonly at the post-transcriptional level. Among these, in Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium, the paralog small non-coding RNAs RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 play an important role in iron homeostasis. In addition, in the present work, we show that RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 also participate in the response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Deletion of RyhB-1 and/or RyhB-2 resulted in increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, protein carbonylation and an altered NADH/NAD(+) ratio. Analyses of the transcriptional profiles of ryhB-1 and ryhB-2 by northern blot and qRT-PCR showed that they are induced in response to H2O2 in an OxyR-dependent manner. By using lacZ-fusions and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we confirmed the requirement of OxyR for inducing expression of both ryhB-1 and ryhB-2. Taken together, our results support a model in which, in response to peroxide treatment, ryhB-1 and ryhB-2 are upregulated by OxyR through direct interaction with their promoter region. (C) 2013 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Calderon, Ivan L.; Collao, Bernardo; Calderon, Paulina F.; Chahuan, Catalina A.; Gil, Fernando; Saavedra, Claudia P.] Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ciencias Biol, Lab Microbiol Mol, Santiago, Chile. [Morales, Eduardo H.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Morales, Eduardo H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomol Chem, Madison, WI USA. [Acuna, Lillian G.] Fdn Ciencia & Vida, Lab Ecofisiol Microbiana, Santiago, Chile. RP Saavedra, CP (reprint author), Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ciencias Biol, Lab Microbiol Mol, Republ 217, Santiago, Chile. EM lcalderon@unab.cl; emorales2@wisc.edu; b.collao@uandresbello.edu; pau.calderon@uandresbello.edu; c.chahuan@uandresbello.edu; lillian.gabriela@gmail.com; fernandogil@unab.cl; csaavedra@unab.cl OI Collao, Bernardo/0000-0002-3508-553X FU FONDECYT [11110216, 1120384]; UNAB [DI-42-11/R, DI-340-13/R] FX This work received financial support from FONDECYT 11110216, FONDECYT 1120384, UNAB DI-42-11/R and UNAB DI-340-13/R. We would also like to thank to Lionello Bossi and Nara Figueroa-Bossi for critical reading of the manuscript, helpful suggestions and for providing some bacterial strains. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 EI 1769-7123 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 165 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.resmic.2013.10.008 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AY5PJ UT WOS:000347624100004 PM 24239962 ER PT S AU Prime, MB Steinzig, ML AF Prime, Michael B. Steinzig, Michael L. BE Francois, M Montay, G Panicaud, B Retraint, D Rouhaud, E TI Beyond the Streetlight Effect: A United Future for Relaxation and Diffraction Methods for Residual Stress Measurement SO RESIDUAL STRESSES IX SE Advanced Materials Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS) CY JUL 07-10, 2014 CL Univ Technologie Troyes, Troyes, FRANCE SP Ultra RS, Stresstech, Dectris Ltd, Proto Manufacturing, Conseil Natl Rech Sci, Grand Troyes, Conseil Gen Aube, Reg Champagne Ardenne, LASMIS Res Grp HO Univ Technologie Troyes DE Streetlight effect; superposition; combined methods; relaxation methods; contour method; hole drilling; diffraction ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; RAILWAY RAIL; STEEL PIPE; BUTT-WELD; FATIGUE; SURFACE; SUPERPOSITION; STRAINS; ALLOY; FIELD AB Residual stress measurement techniques can be categorized as either relaxation or diffraction methods. Practitioners often advocate a particular category and sometimes a specific technique (hole drilling, contour, XRD, neutron, etc) based on their experience or capability rather than using the best technique for the particular application. This paper considers some of the implications from applying this "drunkard's search" or "streetlight" approach by examining examples where the critical stress could be hidden from both relaxation and diffraction measurements. A better approach to planning residual stress measurements would begin with a detailed consideration of why the stresses should be measured and how the results will be used. Only then can the most appropriate measurement plan be developed. Since a single measurement technique cannot reveal the full state of stress, especially in challenging parts, the use of multiple measurement types often provides the most useful information to customers. C1 [Prime, Michael B.; Steinzig, Michael L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Prime, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM prime@lanl.gov; steinzig@lanl.gov OI Prime, Michael/0000-0002-4098-5620 NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1022-6680 BN 978-3-03835-153-5 J9 ADV MATER RES-SWITZ PY 2014 VL 996 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.996.234 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BB9FN UT WOS:000348282100039 ER PT S AU Datskos, PG Lavrik, NV AF Datskos, P. G. Lavrik, N. V. BE Carapezza, EM Datskos, PG Tsamis, C TI Nonlinear mechanical resonators for ultra-sensitive mass detection SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks X CY SEP 24-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Mechanical nanoresonators; nonlinear oscillators; bifurcation point; mass sensing ID CANTILEVERS; BIOSENSORS; SYSTEMS AB The fundamental sensitivity limit of an appropriately scaled down mechanical resonator can approach one atomic mass unit when only thermal noise is present in the system. However, operation of such nanoscale mechanical resonators is very challenging due to minuteness of their oscillation amplitudes and presence of multiple noise sources in real experimental environments. In order to surmount these challenges, we use microscale cantilever resonators driven to large amplitudes, far beyond their nonlinear instability onset. Our experiments show that such a nonlinear cantilever resonator, described analytically as a Duffing oscillator, has mass sensing performance comparable to that of much smaller resonators operating in a linear regime. We demonstrate femtogram level mass sensing that relies on a bifurcation point tracking that does not require any complex readout means. Our approaches enable straightforward detection of mass changes that are near the fundamental limit imposed by thermo-mechanical fluctuations. C1 [Datskos, P. G.; Lavrik, N. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, One Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011 OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-311-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9248 AR 924804 DI 10.1117/12.2071922 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB9BY UT WOS:000348126000001 ER PT S AU Schaeffer, DA Polizos, G Smith, DB Rajic, S Datskos, PG Hunter, SR AF Schaeffer, Daniel A. Polizos, Georgios Smith, D. Barton Rajic, Slobodan Datskos, Panos G. Hunter, Scott R. BE Carapezza, EM Datskos, PG Tsamis, C TI Spray-on superhydrophobic coatings with high mechanical durability for anti-corrosion and anti-soiling applications SO UNMANNED/UNATTENDED SENSORS AND SENSOR NETWORKS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks X CY SEP 24-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE superhydrophobic; optical components; anti-corrosion; anti-soiling; nanoparticles; coatings ID SURFACES; RESISTANCE AB A superhydrophobic (SH) surface has many characteristics - of which are its self-cleaning and anti-corrosion functionalities - that are desirable across various industries. A superhydrophobic surface utilizes the right combination of surface chemistry and roughness that force water droplets to form high water contact angles (CA). This in turn allows droplets to easily roll off and pick up dirt and debris across the surface while also preventing water from penetrating the surface. We have developed a simple yet durable spray-on coating based on functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles that can easily be applied to surfaces including, but not limited to, optical sensors, photovoltaics, sights and lenses, textiles, construction materials, and electronic devices. In addition, these coatings exhibit practical mechanical and environmental durability that allow prolonged use of the coatings in harsh environments. C1 [Schaeffer, Daniel A.; Polizos, Georgios; Smith, D. Barton; Rajic, Slobodan; Datskos, Panos G.; Hunter, Scott R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schaeffer, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-311-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9248 AR 924806 DI 10.1117/12.2072072 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB9BY UT WOS:000348126000002 ER PT S AU Adam, N Suprayoga, E Adiperdana, B Guo, H Tanida, H Mohd-Tajudin, SS Kobayashi, R Sera, M Nishioka, T Matsumura, M Sulaiman, S Mohamed-Ibrahim, MI Watanabe, I AF Adam, N. Suprayoga, E. Adiperdana, B. Guo, H. Tanida, H. Mohd-Tajudin, S. S. Kobayashi, R. Sera, M. Nishioka, T. Matsumura, M. Sulaiman, S. Mohamed-Ibrahim, M. I. Watanabe, I. BE Salman, Z Amato, A Luetkens, H Morenzoni, E TI Muon sites in Ce(Ru,Rh)(2)Al-10 investigated by using Density Functional Theory from the view point of electronic potential SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND RESONANCE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (MuSR) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Grindelwald, SWITZERLAND SP Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Univ Zurich, Univ Fribourg, Swiss Natl Fdn, Costruzioni Apparecchiature Elettroniche Nucleari S p A, X TRONIX AG, BlueFors Cryogen Oy Ltd, TECO Rene Koch, Teledyne LeCroy SA ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET AB Numerical investigations on muon sites in Ce-based Kondo semiconductors, Ce(Ru,Rh)(2)Al-10 were carried out by using the Density Functional Theory. From the view point of simple electrostatic potential calculations, we found all the previously reported muon sites, suggested by different groups (Kambe S et al. 2010 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 053708 and Khalyavin D D et al., 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 100405(R)), can be possibly chosen as muon stopping sites. We also investigated the changes in the potential of the Rh-doped case. We discovered that the electronic potential around the nearest Ru atom to the substituted Rh atom is affected and the potential becomes asymmetric around the nearest Ru ion. Although big changes in hyperfine fields at muon sites have been reported (Guo H et al. 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 115206), the muon positions estimated from the potential calculations do not change much. C1 [Adam, N.; Suprayoga, E.; Adiperdana, B.; Guo, H.; Watanabe, I.] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Adv Meson Sci Lab, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Adam, N.; Mohd-Tajudin, S. S.; Sulaiman, S.; Mohamed-Ibrahim, M. I.; Watanabe, I.] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Distance Educ, Computat Chem & Phys Lab, George Town 11800, Malaysia. [Suprayoga, E.; Watanabe, I.] Bandung Inst Teknologi, Dept Phys, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. [Adiperdana, B.; Watanabe, I.] Padjadjaran State Univ, Dept Phys, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia. [Guo, H.; Watanabe, I.] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Sera, M.] Hiroshima Univ, ADSM, Dept Quantum Matter, Hiroshima 7398530, Japan. [Kobayashi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Kobayashi, R.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Nishioka, T.; Matsumura, M.] Kochi Univ, Grad Sch Integrated Arts & Sci, Kochi 7808520, Japan. RP Adam, N (reprint author), RIKEN, Nishina Ctr, Adv Meson Sci Lab, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM noraina.adam@riken.jp NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 551 AR UNSP 012053 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/551/1/012053 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8XA UT WOS:000347715800053 ER PT S AU Biswas, PK Amato, A Wang, KF Petrovic, C Khasanov, R Luetkens, H Morenzoni, E AF Biswas, P. K. Amato, A. Wang, Kefeng Petrovic, C. Khasanov, R. Luetkens, H. Morenzoni, E. BE Salman, Z Amato, A Luetkens, H Morenzoni, E TI Superconducting properties of Ca3Ir4Sn13: a mu SR study SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND RESONANCE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (MuSR) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Grindelwald, SWITZERLAND SP Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Univ Zurich, Univ Fribourg, Swiss Natl Fdn, Costruzioni Apparecchiature Elettroniche Nucleari S p A, X TRONIX AG, BlueFors Cryogen Oy Ltd, TECO Rene Koch, Teledyne LeCroy SA ID MAGNETIC PENETRATION DEPTH; STANNIDES AB Muon spin relaxation and rotation (mu SR) measurements have been performed to study the superconducting properties of Ca3Ir4Sn13. Zero-field mu SR data shows no sign of any magnetic anomaly in Ca3Ir4Sn13 at the superlattice transition temperature, T* or in the superconducting ground state. Transverse-field mu SR measurements in the vortex state provided the temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth lambda. The dependence of lambda(-2) with temperature is consistent with the existence of a single 8-wave energy gap in the superconducting state of Ca3Ir4Sn13 with a gap value of 1.51(5) meV at absolute zero temperature. The magnetic penetration depth at zero temperature lambda(0) is 351(4) nm. The ratio Delta(0)/k(B)T(c) = 2.41(8) indicates that Ca3Ir4Sn13 is a strong-coupling superconductor. C1 [Biswas, P. K.; Amato, A.; Khasanov, R.; Luetkens, H.; Morenzoni, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Wang, Kefeng; Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Biswas, PK (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. EM pabitra.biswas@psi.ch; elvezio.morenzoni@psi.ch RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013; Luetkens, Hubertus/G-1831-2011 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498; FU USDOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The mu SR experiments were performed at the Swiss Muon Source (S mu S),Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Switzerland). Work at Brook havenis supported by the USDOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 551 AR UNSP 012029 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/551/1/012029 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8XA UT WOS:000347715800029 ER PT S AU Mansson, M Prsa, K Sassa, Y Tobash, PH Bauer, ED Rusu, C Andreica, D Tjernberg, O Sedlak, K Grioni, M Durakiewicz, T Sugiyama, J AF Mansson, M. Prsa, K. Sassa, Y. Tobash, P. H. Bauer, E. D. Rusu, C. Andreica, D. Tjernberg, O. Sedlak, K. Grioni, M. Durakiewicz, T. Sugiyama, J. BE Salman, Z Amato, A Luetkens, H Morenzoni, E TI Magnetic order in the 2D Heavy-Fermion system CePt2In7 studied by mu+SR SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND RESONANCE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (MuSR) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Grindelwald, SWITZERLAND SP Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Univ Zurich, Univ Fribourg, Swiss Natl Fdn, Costruzioni Apparecchiature Elettroniche Nucleari S p A, X TRONIX AG, BlueFors Cryogen Oy Ltd, TECO Rene Koch, Teledyne LeCroy SA ID METALS; MATTER AB The low-temperature microscopic magnetic properties of the quasi-2D heavy-fermion compound, CePt2In7 are investigated by using a positive muon-spin rotation and relaxation (mu+SR) technique. Clear evidence for the formation of a commensurate antiferromagnetic order below T-N approximate to 5.40 K is presented. The magnetic order parameter is shown to fit well to a modified BCS gap-energy function in a strong-coupling scenario. C1 [Mansson, M.; Prsa, K.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Quantum Magnetism, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Mansson, M.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Neutron Scattering Imaging, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Prsa, K.; Sassa, Y.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Tobash, P. H.; Bauer, E. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rusu, C.; Andreica, D.] Univ Babes Bolyai, Fac Phys, Cluj Napoca 400084, Romania. [Tjernberg, O.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Mat Phys, S-16440 Kista, Sweden. [Sedlak, K.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Grioni, M.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Sugiyama, J.] Toyota Cent Res & Dev Labs Inc, Aichi 4801192, Japan. RP Mansson, M (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Quantum Magnetism, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM martin.mansson@epfl.ch RI Mansson, Martin/C-1134-2014; Sugiyama, Jun/M-6535-2015; Sassa, Yasmine/F-3362-2017; OI Mansson, Martin/0000-0002-3086-9642; Sugiyama, Jun/0000-0002-0916-5333; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Scientic Research on Innovative Areas "Ultra Slow Muon" [23108003]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan, MEXT KAKENHI [23108003]; JSPS KAKENHI [26286084]; Swedish Research Council (VR); Romanian UEFISCDI [PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0583] FX This work was performed at the Swiss Muon Source (S mu S),Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzer land and we are thank fulto Robert Scheuermann, Bastian Wojek and Matthias Elender for assistance withthe mu+SR experiments. This work is partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas"Ultra Slow Muon" (No.23108003) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan, MEXTKAKENHI Grant No. 23108003, JSPSKAKENHI Grant No. 26286084, and the Swedish Research Council (VR). Work at LANL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. D.A. acknowledges financial support from the Romanian UEFISCDI project No. PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0583(85/2011). Allimages involving crystal structure were made with DIAMOND and the mu+SR data was fitted using musrfit [27] NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 551 AR UNSP 012028 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/551/1/012028 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8XA UT WOS:000347715800028 ER PT S AU Schmidt, A Ellsworth, J Falabellal, S Link, A McLean, H Rusnak, B Sears, J Tang, V Welch, D AF Schmidt, A. Ellsworth, J. Falabella, S. Link, A. McLean, H. Rusnak, B. Sears, J. Tang, V. Welch, D. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Ion Probe Beam Experiments And Kinetic Modeling In A Dense Plasma Focus Z-Pinch SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp AB The Z-pinch phase of a dense plasma focus (DPF) emits multiple-MeV ions in a similar to cm length. The mechanisms through which these physically simple devices generate such high energy beams in a relatively short distance are not fully understood. We are exploring the origins of these large gradients using measurements of an ion probe beam injected into a DPF during the pinch phase and the first kinetic simulations of a DPF Z-pinch. To probe the accelerating fields in our table top experiment, we inject a 4 MeV deuteron beam along the z-axis and then sample the beam energy distribution after it passes through the pinch region. Using this technique, we have directly measured for the first time the acceleration of an injected ion beam. Our particle-in-cell simulations have been benchmarked on both a kJ-scale DPF and a MJ-scale DPF. They have reproduced experimentally measured neutron yields as well as ion beams and EM oscillations which fluid simulations do not exhibit. Direct comparisons between the experiment and simulations enhance our understanding of these plasmas and provide predictive design capability for accelerator and neutron source applications. C1 [Schmidt, A.; Ellsworth, J.; Falabella, S.; Link, A.; McLean, H.; Rusnak, B.; Sears, J.; Tang, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Welch, D.] LLC, Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Schmidt, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schmidt36@llnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE- AC52- 07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [11- ERD- 063] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE- AC52- 07NA27344 and supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (11- ERD- 063) at LLNL. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 15 EP 18 DI 10.1063/1.4904766 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300002 ER PT S AU Sears, J Link, A Schmidt, A Welch, D AF Sears, Jason Link, Anthony Schmidt, Andrea Welch, Dale BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Effect Of Driver Impedance On Dense Plasma Focus Z-Pinch Neutron Yield SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp AB The Z-pinch phase of a dense plasma focus (DPF) heats the plasma by rapid compression and accelerates ions across its intense electric fields, producing neutrons through both thermonuclear and beam-target fusion. Driver characteristics have empirically been shown to affect performance, as measured by neutron yield per unit of stored energy. We are exploring the effect of driver characteristics on DPF performance using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of a kJ scale DPF. In this work, our PIC simulations are fluid for the run-down phase and transition to fully kinetic for the pinch phase, capturing kinetic instabilities, anomalous resistivity, and beam formation during the pinch. The anode-cathode boundary is driven by a circuit model of the capacitive driver, including system inductance, the load of the railgap switches, the guard resistors, and the coaxial transmission line parameters. It is known that the driver impedance plays an important role in the neutron yield: first, it sets the peak current achieved at pinch time; and second, it affects how much current continues to flow through the pinch when the pinch inductance and resistance suddenly increase. Here we show from fully kinetic simulations how total neutron yield depends on the impedance of the driver and the distributed parameters of the transmission circuit. Direct comparisons between the experiment and simulations enhance our understanding of these plasmas and provide predictive design capability for neutron source applications. C1 [Sears, Jason; Link, Anthony; Schmidt, Andrea; Welch, Dale] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sears, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM sears8@llnl.gov; schmidt36@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 19 EP 22 DI 10.1063/1.4904767 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300003 ER PT S AU Link, A Halvorson, C Hagen, EC Rose, DV Welch, DR Schmidt, A AF Link, A. Halvorson, C. Hagen, E. C. Rose, D. V. Welch, D. R. Schmidt, A. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Particle-In-Cell Modeling For MJ Scale Dense Plasma Focus With Varied Anode Shape SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp ID SIMULATION AB Megajoule scale dense plasma focus (DPF) Z-pinches with deuterium gas fill are compact devices capable of producing 10(12) neutrons per shot but past predictive models of large-scale DPF have not included kinetic effects such as ion beam formation or anomalous resistivity. We report on progress of developing a predictive DPF model by extending our 2D axisymmetric collisional kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations from the 4 kJ, 200 kA LLNL DPF to 1 MJ, 2 MA Gemini DPF using the PIC code LSP. These new simulations incorporate electrodes, an external pulsed-power driver circuit, and model the plasma from insulator lift-off through the pinch phase. To accommodate the vast range of relevant spatial and temporal scales involved in the Gemini DPF within the available computational resources, the simulations were performed using a new hybrid fluid-to-kinetic model. This new approach allows single simulations to begin in an electron/ion fluid mode from insulator lift-off through the 5-6 mu s run-down of the 50+ cm anode, then transition to a fully kinetic PIC description during the run-in phase, when the current sheath is 2-3 mm from the central axis of the anode. Simulations are advanced through the final pinch phase using an adaptive variable time-step to capture the fs and sub-mm scales of the kinetic instabilities involved in the ion beam formation and neutron production. Validation assessments are being performed using a variety of different anode shapes, comparing against experimental measurements of neutron yield, neutron anisotropy and ion beam production. C1 [Link, A.; Halvorson, C.; Schmidt, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hagen, E. C.] Natl Secur Technol Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89030 USA. [Rose, D. V.; Welch, D. R.] LLC, Voss Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Link, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM link6@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1063/1.4904768 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300004 ER PT S AU Ellsworth, JL Falabella, S Schmidt, A Tang, V AF Ellsworth, J. L. Falabella, S. Schmidt, A. Tang, V. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Ion beam and Neutron Output from a Sub-kiloJoule Dense Plasma Focus SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp ID ENERGY; DEVICE AB We are seeking to gain a better fundamental understanding of the ion beam acceleration and neutron production dense plasma focus (DPF) device. Experiments were performed on a kilojoule level, fast rise time DPF located at LLNL. Ion beam spectra and neutron yield were measured for deuterium pinches. Visible light images of the pinch are used to determine the pinch length. In addition, an RF probe was placed just outside the cathode to measure fluctuations in E-z up to 6 GHz, which is within the range of the lower hybrid frequencies. We find these oscillations arise at a characteristic frequency near 4 GHz during the pinch. Comparisons of the neutron yield and ion beam characteristics are presented. The neutron yield is also compared to scaling laws. C1 [Ellsworth, J. L.; Falabella, S.; Schmidt, A.; Tang, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ellsworth, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ellsworth7@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 27 EP 30 DI 10.1063/1.4904769 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300005 ER PT S AU Giuliani, JL Thornhill, JW Apruzese, JP Jones, B Harvey-Thompson, AJ Ampleford, DJ Dasgupta, A Jennings, CA Hansen, SB Moore, NW Lamppa, DC Coverdale, CA Cuneo, ME Rochau, GA AF Giuliani, J. L. Thornhill, J. W. Apruzese, J. P. Jones, B. Harvey-Thompson, A. J. Ampleford, D. J. Dasgupta, A. Jennings, C. A. Hansen, S. B. Moore, N. W. Lamppa, D. C. Coverdale, C. A. Cuneo, M. E. Rochau, G. A. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Two Dimensional RMHD Modeling of Effective Ion Temperatures in Recent ZR Argon Experiments SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp ID Z MACHINE AB Radiation magnetohydrodynamic r-z simulations are performed of recent Ar shots on the refurbished Z generator to examine the effective ion temperature as determined from the observed line width of the He-gamma line. While many global radiation properties can be matched to experimental results, the Doppler shifts due to velocity gradients at stagnation cannot reproduce the large experimentally determined width corresponding to an effective ion temperature of 50 keV. Ion viscous heating or magnetic bubbles are considered, but understanding the width remains an unsolved challenge. C1 [Giuliani, J. L.; Thornhill, J. W.; Dasgupta, A.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Apruzese, J. P.] Consultant Naval Res Lab Engility Corp, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Jones, B.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Ampleford, D. J.; Jennings, C. A.; Hansen, S. B.; Moore, N. W.; Lamppa, D. C.; Coverdale, C. A.; Cuneo, M. E.; Rochau, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Giuliani, JL (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil FU U. S. Department of Energy; National Nuclear Security Administration; Sandia National Laboratories [DE- AC04- 94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi- program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE- AC04- 94AL85000. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 31 EP 34 DI 10.1063/1.4904770 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300006 ER PT S AU Apruzese, JP Jones, B Giuliani, JL Ouart, ND Thornhill, JW Harvey-Thompson, AJ Ampleford, DJ Jennings, CA Hansen, SB Moore, NW Lamppa, DC Coverdale, CA Cuneo, ME Rochau, GA AF Apruzese, J. P. Jones, B. Giuliani, J. L. Ouart, N. D. Thornhill, J. W. Harvey-Thompson, A. J. Ampleford, D. J. Jennings, C. A. Hansen, S. B. Moore, N. W. Lamppa, D. C. Coverdale, C. A. Cuneo, M. E. Rochau, G. A. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Diagnostic Constraints on the Amount of Cold Mass in Imploded Argon Pinches on Z SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp ID HELIUM-LIKE; Z MACHINE; RADIATION; PLASMAS AB The refurbished Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories has been successfully configured to drive gas-puff Z pinches. A series of experiments using Ar loads produced K-shell yields of 330 +/- 9% kJ, with highly reproducible K-shell spectra and power pulses. Using spectroscopic and power data, we are able to constrain the properties of both the cold, non-K-shell radiating mass as well as the hot K-shell component of the pinch plasma. As in previous gas-puff shots on the original version of Z, only about 1/4 to 1/3 of the load mass was heated to temperatures sufficient to produce K-shell x-rays. C1 [Apruzese, J. P.] Engility Corp, Naval Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Jones, B.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Ampleford, D. J.; Jennings, C. A.; Hansen, S. B.; Moore, N. W.; Lamppa, D. C.; Coverdale, C. A.; Cuneo, M. E.; Rochau, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Giuliani, J. L.; Ouart, N. D.; Thornhill, J. W.] Naval Res Lab, Plasma Phys Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Apruzese, JP (reprint author), Engility Corp, Naval Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. EM john.apruzese.ctr@nrl.navy.mil FU U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi- program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 39 EP 42 DI 10.1063/1.4904772 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300008 ER PT S AU Ryutov, DD Awe, TJ Hansen, SB McBride, RD Peterson, KJ Sinars, DB Slutz, SA AF Ryutov, D. D. Awe, T. J. Hansen, S. B. McBride, R. D. Peterson, K. J. Sinars, D. B. Slutz, S. A. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Effect of Axial Magnetic Flux Compression on the Magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (Theory) SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp AB Possible effects on the liner implosion of an early plasma formation outside the liner are discussed. At the modest density and temperature this plasma is a sufficiently good conductor to trap the pre-imposed axial magnetic field. The rising axial current compresses the plasma and axial field towards the liner surface and creates high-magnetic-field filamentary structures that seed the perturbations by the mechanism proposed in Ref. 1, but in a significantly higher field. Possible sources of this plasma are briefly discussed. C1 [Ryutov, D. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Awe, T. J.; Hansen, S. B.; McBride, R. D.; Peterson, K. J.; Sinars, D. B.; Slutz, S. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov FU LLNL [DE- AC52- 07NA27344]; SNL [DE- AC04-94AL85000] FX Performed for U. S. DoE by LLNL under Contract DE- AC52- 07NA27344 and by SNL under Contract DE- AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1063/1.4904778 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300014 ER PT S AU Kantsyrev, VL Chuvatin, AS Rudakov, LI Velikovich, AL Shrestha, IK Esaulov, AA Safronova, AS Shlyaptseva, VV Osborne, GC Astanovitsky, AL Weller, ME Stafford, A Schultz, KA Cooper, MC Cuneo, ME Jones, B Vesey, RA AF Kantsyrev, V. L. Chuvatin, A. S. Rudakov, L. I. Velikovich, A. L. Shrestha, I. K. Esaulov, A. A. Safronova, A. S. Shlyaptseva, V. V. Osborne, G. C. Astanovitsky, A. L. Weller, M. E. Stafford, A. Schultz, K. A. Cooper, M. C. Cuneo, M. E. Jones, B. Vesey, R. A. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI NEW COMPACT HOHLRAUM CONFIGURATION RESEARCH AT THE 1.7 MA Z-PINCH GENERATOR SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp DE Z-pinch; hohlraum; planar wire array; planar foils liner; x-ray source; inertial confinement fusion ID ZEBRA GENERATOR; WIRE ARRAYS; PLANAR; RADIATION; UNR; AL AB A new compact Z-pinch x-ray hohlraum design with parallel-driven x-ray sources was experimentally demonstrated in a full configuration with a central target and tailored shine shields (to provide a symmetric temperature distribution on the target) at the 1.7 MA Zebra generator. This presentation reports on the joint success of two independent lines of research. One of these was the development of new sources -- planar wire arrays (PWAs). PWAs turned out to be a prolific radiator. Another success was the drastic improvement in energy efficiency of pulsed-power systems, such as the Load Current Multiplier (LCM). The Zebra/LCM generator almost doubled the plasma load current to 1.7 MA. The two above-mentioned innovative approaches were used in combination to produce a new compact hohlraum design for ICF, as jointly proposed by SNL and UNR. Good agreement between simulated and measured radiation temperature of the central target is shown. Experimental comparison of PWAs with planar foil liners (PFL) - another viable alternative to wire array loads at multi-MA generators show promising data. Results of research at the University of Nevada Reno allowed for the study of hohlraum coupling physics at University-scale generators. The advantages of new hohlraum design applications for multi-MA facilities with W or Au double PWAs or PFL x-ray sources are discussed. C1 [Kantsyrev, V. L.; Shrestha, I. K.; Esaulov, A. A.; Safronova, A. S.; Shlyaptseva, V. V.; Osborne, G. C.; Astanovitsky, A. L.; Weller, M. E.; Stafford, A.; Schultz, K. A.; Cooper, M. C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Chuvatin, A. S.] Ecole Polytechn, Plasma Phys Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Rudakov, L. I.] Icarus Res Inc, Bethesda, MD 20824 USA. [Velikovich, A. L.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Cuneo, M. E.; Jones, B.; Vesey, R. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Kantsyrev, VL (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM victor@unr.edu FU NNSA under DOE [DE- NA- 0001984, DENA0002075] FX Authors would like to thank the NTF technical team and administration for their efforts in Zebra operation. This work was supported by NNSA under DOE Cooperative Agreement DE- NA- 0001984 and in part by DENA0002075. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1063/1.4904787 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300023 ER PT S AU Swadling, GF Lebedev, SV Harvey-Thompson, AJ Rozmus, W Burdiak, GC Suttle, L Patankar, S Smith, RA Bennett, M Hall, GN Suzuki-Vidal, F Yuan, J AF Swadling, G. F. Lebedev, S. V. Harvey-Thompson, A. J. Rozmus, W. Burdiak, G. C. Suttle, L. Patankar, S. Smith, R. A. Bennett, M. Hall, G. N. Suzuki-Vidal, F. Yuan, J. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Calculation of Thomson Scattering Spectral Fits for Interpenetrating Flows SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp ID Z-PINCH EXPERIMENTS AB Collective mode optical Thomson scattering has been used to investigate the interactions of radially convergent ablation flows in Tungsten wire arrays. These experiments were carried out at the Magpie pulsed power facility at Imperial College, London. Analysis of the scattered spectra has provided direct evidence of ablation stream interpenetration on the array axis, and has also revealed a previously unobserved axial deflection of the ablation streams towards the anode as they approach the axis. It is has been suggested that this deflection is caused by the presence of a static magnetic field, advected with the ablation streams, stagnated and accrued around the axis. Analysis of the Thomson scattering spectra involved the calculation and fitting of the multi-component, non-relativistic, Maxwellian spectral density function S (k ,omega). The method used to calculate the fits of the data are discussed in detail. C1 [Swadling, G. F.; Lebedev, S. V.; Burdiak, G. C.; Suttle, L.; Patankar, S.; Smith, R. A.; Bennett, M.; Hall, G. N.; Suzuki-Vidal, F.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. [Harvey-Thompson, A. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Rozmus, W.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. [Yuan, J.] CAE, Inst Fluid Phys, Key Lab Pulsed Power, Mianyang 621900, Peoples R China. [Hall, G. N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Swadling, GF (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. EM george.swadling@imperial.ac.uk RI Hall, Gareth/C-4179-2015 FU EPSRC [EP/G001324/1]; DOE [DEF03-02NA00057, DE-SC-0001063]; Sandia National Laboratories FX This work was supported in part by EPSRC grant no. EP/G001324/1, by DOE cooperative agreements nos. DEF03-02NA00057 and DE-SC-0001063 and by Sandia National Laboratories. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1063/1.4904790 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300026 ER PT S AU Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, VL Weller, ME Shlyaptseva, VV Shrestha, IK Esaulov, AA Stafford, A Chuvatin, AS Coverdale, CA Jones, B AF Safronova, A. S. Kantsyrev, V. L. Weller, M. E. Shlyaptseva, V. V. Shrestha, I. K. Esaulov, A. A. Stafford, A. Chuvatin, A. S. Coverdale, C. A. Jones, B. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI Larger Sized Wire Arrays on 1.5 MA Z-pinch Generator SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp AB Experiments on the UNR Zebra generator with Load Current Multiplier (LCM) allow for implosions of larger sized wire array loads than at standard current of 1 MA. Advantages of larger sized planar wire array implosions include enhanced energy coupling to plasmas, better diagnostic access to observable plasma regions, and more complex geometries of the wire loads. The experiments with larger sized wire arrays were performed on 1.5 MA Zebra with LCM (the anode-cathode gap was 1 cm, which is half the gap used in the standard mode). In particular, larger sized multi-planar wire arrays had two outer wire planes from mid-atomic-number wires to create a global magnetic field (gmf) and plasma flow between them. A modified central plane with a few Al wires at the edges was put in the middle between outer planes to influence gmf and to create Al plasma flow in the perpendicular direction (to the outer arrays plasma flow). Such modified plane has different number of empty slots: it was increased from 6 up to 10, hence increasing the gap inside the middle plane from 4.9 to 7.7 mm, respectively. Such load configuration allows for more independent study of the flows of L-shell mid-atomic-number plasma (between the outer planes) and K-shell Al plasma (which first fills the gap between the edge wires along the middle plane) and their radiation in space and time. We demonstrate that such configuration produces higher linear radiation yield and electron temperatures as well as advantages of better diagnostics access to observable plasma regions and how the load geometry (size of the gap in the middle plane) influences K-shell Al radiation. In particular, K-shell Al radiation was delayed compared to L-shell mid-atomic-number radiation when the gap in the middle plane was large enough (when the number of empty slots was increased up to ten). C1 [Safronova, A. S.; Kantsyrev, V. L.; Weller, M. E.; Shlyaptseva, V. V.; Shrestha, I. K.; Esaulov, A. A.; Stafford, A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Chuvatin, A. S.] Ecole Polytechn, Lab Phys Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Coverdale, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Safronova, AS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM alla@unr.edu FU NNSA under DOE [DE-NA0001984, DENA0002075]; U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by NNSA under DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-NA0001984 and in part by DENA0002075. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 122 EP 125 DI 10.1063/1.4904791 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300027 ER PT S AU Vogman, GV Colella, P Shumlak, U AF Vogman, G. V. Colella, P. Shumlak, U. BE Sinars, D BottSuzuki, S TI High-order continuum kinetic method for modeling plasma dynamics in phase space SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DENSE Z PINCHES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Dense Z Pinches CY AUG 03-07, 2014 CL Napa, CA SP U S Dept Energy, Off Fus Energy Sci, Sandia Natl Labs, Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Energy Res, Cornell Univ, Alameda Appl Sci Corp AB Continuum methods offer a high-fidelity means of simulating plasma kinetics. While computationally intensive, these methods are advantageous because they can be cast in conservation-law form, are not susceptible to noise, and can be implemented using high-order numerical methods. Advances in continuum method capabilities for modeling kinetic phenomena in plasmas require the development of validation tools in higher dimensional phase space and an ability to handle non-cartesian geometries. To that end, a new benchmark for validating Vlasov-Poisson simulations in 3D (x, v(x), v(y)) is presented [1]. The benchmark is based on the Dory-Guest-Harris instability and is successfully used to validate a continuum finite volume algorithm. To address challenges associated with non-cartesian geometries, unique features of cylindrical phase space coordinates are described. Preliminary results of continuum kinetic simulations in 4D (r, z, v(r), v(z)) phase space are presented. C1 [Vogman, G. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Colella, P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Colella, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shumlak, U.] Univ Washington, Aerosp Energet Res Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Vogman, GV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF); United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported in part by an award from the Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF), and a grant from the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1278-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1639 BP 146 EP 149 DI 10.1063/1.4904797 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB8XE UT WOS:000347724300033 ER PT S AU Jakes, JE Plaza, N Zelinka, SL Stone, DS Gleber, SC Vogt, S AF Jakes, Joseph E. Plaza, Nayomi Zelinka, Samuel L. Stone, Donald S. Gleber, Sophie-Charlotte Vogt, Stefan BE Lakhtakia, A MartinPalma, RJ TI Wood as inspiration for new stimuli-responsive structures and materials SO BIOINSPIRATION, BIOMIMETICS, AND BIOREPLICATION 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication CY MAR 10-12, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Opt Soc So Calif DE shape memory; torsional actuator; wood; stimuli-responsive diffusion ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; ACTUATION; SYSTEMS; MICROPROBE; POLYMERS; MUSCLES; TENSILE AB Nature has often provided inspiration for new smart structures and materials. Recently, we showed a bundle of a few wood cells are moisture-activated torsional actuators that can reversibly twist multiple revolutions per centimeter of length. The bundles produce specific torque higher than that produced by electric motors and possess shape memory twist capabilities. Here we also report that ion diffusion through wood cell walls is a stimuli-responsive phenomenon. Using the high spatial resolution and sensitivity of synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), metal ions deposited into individual wood cell walls were mapped. Then, using a custom-built relative humidity (RH) chamber, diffusion of the metal ions was observed in situ first at low RH and then at increasingly higher RH. We found that ions did not diffuse through wood cell walls at low RH, but diffusion occurred at high RH. We propose that both the shape memory twist effect and the moisture content threshold for ionic diffusion are controlled by the hemicelluloses passing through a moisture-dependent glass transition in the 60-80% RH range at room temperature. An advantage of wood over other stimuli-responsive polymers is that wood lacks bulk mechanical softening at the transition that controls the stimuli-responsive behavior. We demonstrate using a custom-built torque sensor that the torque generation in wood cell bundles actually continues to increase over the RH range that hemicelluloses soften. The hierarchical structure of wood provides the inspiration to engineer stimuli-responsive polymers and actuators with increased mechanical strength and higher recovery stresses. C1 [Jakes, Joseph E.; Plaza, Nayomi] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Plaza, Nayomi; Stone, Donald S.] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Gleber, Sophie-Charlotte; Vogt, Stefan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durabil & Wood Protect Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Stone, Donald S.] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jakes, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jjakes@fs.fed.us RI Stone, Donald/A-7496-2016; OI Plaza Rodriguez, Nayomi/0000-0002-5198-4877 FU 2011 and 2010 USDA PECASE; FHA Cooperative Research Program for Covered Timber Bridges; US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [31109-Eng-38] FX JEJ and SLZ acknowledge funding from 2011 and 2010 USDA PECASE awards, respectively. NP acknowledges the GERS program at UW Madison and 2012 NSF GFRP for support. JEJ and NP acknowledge support from the FHA Cooperative Research Program for Covered Timber Bridges. The use of Advanced Photon Source facilities was supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract number W-31109-Eng-38. Tom Kuster in the Analytical Chemistry and Microscopy Laboratory at FPL is acknowledged for SEM images used to assess the bundle cross-section diameter. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 17 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9981-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9055 AR UNSP 90550K DI 10.1117/12.2045163 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Robotics; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Robotics; Optics GA BB9AX UT WOS:000348029000016 ER PT S AU Emmett, M Minion, ML AF Emmett, Matthew Minion, Michael L. BE Erhel, J Gander, MJ Halpern, L Pichot, G Sassi, T Widlund, O TI Efficient Implementation of a Multi-Level Parallel in Time Algorithm SO DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING XXI SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Domain Decomposition Methods CY JUN 25-29, 2012 CL FRANCE SP Inria, Team Sage, Univ Caen, Lab Math Nicolas Oresme, Univ Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, Federat Normandie Math, Univ Rennes 1, IRMAR, INSA Rennes, RISC E, ERC, Fondat Michel Metivier, Rennes City Council, Rennes Metropole Council, Brittany Council, Minist l Enseignement Superieur & Rech, Cerfacs, Maison Simulat, Hutchinson ID SPECTRAL DEFERRED CORRECTIONS; PARAREAL C1 [Emmett, Matthew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minion, Michael L.] Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA USA. RP Emmett, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwemmett@lbl.gov; mlminion@gmail.com NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-05788-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2014 VL 98 BP 359 EP 366 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-05789-7_33 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BB8ZP UT WOS:000347877900033 ER PT S AU Dohrmann, CR Widlund, OB AF Dohrmann, Clark R. Widlund, Olof B. BE Erhel, J Gander, MJ Halpern, L Pichot, G Sassi, T Widlund, O TI Lower Dimensional Coarse Spaces for Domain Decomposition SO DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING XXI SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Domain Decomposition Methods CY JUN 25-29, 2012 CL FRANCE SP Inria, Team Sage, Univ Caen, Lab Math Nicolas Oresme, Univ Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, Federat Normandie Math, Univ Rennes 1, IRMAR, INSA Rennes, RISC E, ERC, Fondat Michel Metivier, Rennes City Council, Rennes Metropole Council, Brittany Council, Minist l Enseignement Superieur & Rech, Cerfacs, Maison Simulat, Hutchinson ID OVERLAPPING SCHWARZ ALGORITHM; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS; INCOMPRESSIBLE ELASTICITY; IRREGULAR SUBDOMAINS; PLANE C1 [Dohrmann, Clark R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Widlund, Olof B.] Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM crdohrm@sandia.gov; widlund@cims.nyu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMS-1216564]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER25718] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS-1216564 and the U. S. Department of Energy under contracts DE-FG02-06ER25718. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-05788-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2014 VL 98 BP 527 EP 535 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-05789-7_50 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BB8ZP UT WOS:000347877900050 ER PT S AU Yang, C Cai, XC Keyes, DE Pernice, M AF Yang, Chao Cai, Xiao-Chuan Keyes, David E. Pernice, Michael BE Erhel, J Gander, MJ Halpern, L Pichot, G Sassi, T Widlund, O TI NKS Method for the Implicit Solution of a Coupled Allen-Cahn/Cahn-Hilliard System SO DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING XXI SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Domain Decomposition Methods CY JUN 25-29, 2012 CL FRANCE SP Inria, Team Sage, Univ Caen, Lab Math Nicolas Oresme, Univ Caen Basse Normandie, CNRS, Federat Normandie Math, Univ Rennes 1, IRMAR, INSA Rennes, RISC E, ERC, Fondat Michel Metivier, Rennes City Council, Rennes Metropole Council, Brittany Council, Minist l Enseignement Superieur & Rech, Cerfacs, Maison Simulat, Hutchinson ID EQUATIONS C1 [Yang, Chao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Software, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yang, Chao] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Comp Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Cai, Xiao-Chuan] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Keyes, David E.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, CEMSE Div, King 23955, WI, Saudi Arabia. [Pernice, Michael] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Software, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM yangchao@iscas.ac.cn; cai@cs.colorado.edu; david.keyes@kaust.edu.sa; michael.pernice@inl.gov RI Yang, Chao/A-7623-2013; OI Keyes, David Elliot/0000-0002-4052-7224 FU NSFC [61170075, 91130023, 61120106005]; 973 Program of China [2011CB309701]; [DE-FC02-06ER25784] FX This work was supported in part by DE-FC02-06ER25784. The first author also received supports from NSFC under 61170075, 91130023 and 61120106005, and from 973 Program of China under 2011CB309701. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-319-05788-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2014 VL 98 BP 819 EP 827 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-05789-7_79 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BB8ZP UT WOS:000347877900079 ER PT J AU Elrick-Barr, CE Preston, BL Thomsen, DC Smith, TF AF Elrick-Barr, Carmen E. Preston, Benjamin L. Thomsen, Dana C. Smith, Timothy F. TI Toward a new conceptualization of household adaptive capacity to climate change: applying a risk governance lens SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adaptation; adaptive capacity; climate change; household; multi-scale ID SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION; RESILIENCE FRAMEWORK; COMMUNITY RESILIENCE; VULNERABILITY; POLICY; RESPONSES; POVERTY; LEVEL; TRANSFORMATION; COMPLEMENTARY AB Increasing evidence highlights the importance of context-specific understanding of the impacts of climate change and the need to move beyond generalized assumptions regarding the nature and utility of adaptive capacity in facilitating adaptation. The household level of impact and response is an under-researched context, despite influential decisions affecting local and system vulnerability being made at this scale. Assessments of household adaptive capacity currently assess the influences of adaptive capacity or the influences on adaptive capacity in isolation. We argue that comprehensive assessments need to examine these influences in combination to capture a dynamic and integrated view of households that better reflects their positioning and role(s) in broader social-political contexts. To transition assessments away from examining households as discrete units to recognizing their role within a larger governance context, we outline four themes focused on: (1) analysis of governance contexts, (2) determination of adaptive capacity sources, (3) assessment of cross-scalar trade-offs, and (4) integrated goal setting to facilitate boundary critiques. By considering these themes, the relationships between capacities and actions are highlighted, and the simultaneous outcomes of adaptive choices at individual and broader system scales can be evaluated. We argue that such boundary critique has the potential to yield a more comprehensive assessment of adaptive capacity focused upon cross-scalar influences and impacts. C1 [Elrick-Barr, Carmen E.; Thomsen, Dana C.; Smith, Timothy F.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia. [Preston, Benjamin L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elrick-Barr, CE (reprint author), Univ Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia. FU Australian Research Council [ARC-DP1093583] FX This research was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC-DP1093583). We are thankful for the constructive comments on the manuscript from two anonymous reviewers. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 22 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 4 AR 12 DI 10.5751/ES-06745-190412 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY2TA UT WOS:000347440700007 ER PT J AU Yde, JC Gillespie, MK Loland, R Ruud, H Mernild, SH De Villiers, S Knudsen, NT Malmros, JK AF Yde, Jacob C. Gillespie, Mette Kusk Loland, Ronny Ruud, Henry Mernild, Sebastian H. De Villiers, Simon Knudsen, N. Tvis Malmros, Jeppe K. TI Volume measurements of Mittivakkat Gletscher, southeast Greenland SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; glacier fluctuations; glacier mapping; ground-penetrating radar ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GLACIER VOLUME; ICE-THICKNESS; MASS-BALANCE; METHANOTROPHIC DIVERSITY; AMMASSALIK ISLAND; RECEDING GLACIER; WATER-CONTENT; VELOCITY; SVALBARD AB Here we present ground-penetrating radar measurements of Mittivakkat Gletscher, southeast Greenland, to estimate an empirical volume-area scaling relationship at an individual glacier. Between a previous direct volume survey in 1994 and one in 2012, the glacier volume has decreased from 2.02 km(3) to 1.44 km(3) while the study area has decreased from 17.6 km(2) to 15.8 km(2). These results are in accordance with the cumulative mass loss observed by long-term mass-balance measurements (1995/96-2011/12) at Mittivakkat Gletscher and confirm that the glacier is in severe climatic disequilibrium (AAR = 0.17). The observed scaling exponent gamma = 3.14 and coefficient c = 0.00025 km(3-2 gamma) are outside the range of global scaling parameters but sensitive to small uncertainties. Nevertheless, existing global volume-area scaling relationships estimate the volume of Mittivakkat Gletscher within 31% and 15% of the measured 1994 and 2011 volumes, respectively. C1 [Yde, Jacob C.; Gillespie, Mette Kusk; Loland, Ronny; Ruud, Henry; De Villiers, Simon] Sogn Og Fjordane Univ Coll, Sogndal, Norway. [Mernild, Sebastian H.; Malmros, Jeppe K.] Ctr Estudios Cient, Ctr Sci Studies, Glaciol & Climate Change Lab, Valdivia, Chile. [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Knudsen, N. Tvis] Univ Aarhus, Dept Geosci, Aarhus, Denmark. [Malmros, Jeppe K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Yde, JC (reprint author), Sogn Og Fjordane Univ Coll, Sogndal, Norway. EM Jacob.Yde@hisf.no OI Yde, Jacob Clement/0000-0002-6211-2601 FU EC FP7 (European Commission seventh framework program) (project GLAMOSEG II) [262693]; Sogn og Fjordane University College FX This study was funded by an EC FP7 (European Commission seventh framework program) Interact grant agreement No. 262693 (project GLAMOSEG II). R.L. was supported by funding from Sogn og Fjordane University College. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2014 VL 60 IS 224 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.3189/2014JoG14J047 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AZ5QM UT WOS:000348275000017 ER PT S AU Busby, E Xia, JL Yaffe, O Kumar, B Berkelbach, T Wu, Q Miller, J Nuckolls, C Zhu, XY Reichman, D Campos, L Sfeir, MY AF Busby, Erik Xia, Jianlong Yaffe, Omer Kumar, Bharat Berkelbach, Timothy Wu, Qin Miller, John Nuckolls, Colin Zhu, Xiaoyang Reichman, David Campos, Luis Sfeir, Matthew Y. BE Nunzi, JM TI Quantifying singlet fission in novel organic materials using nonlinear optics SO LIGHT MANIPULATING ORGANIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Light Manipulating Organic Materials and Devices CY AUG 20-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE singlet fission; excited state saturable absorption; transient absorption; hexacene; nonlinear optics; multiple exciton generation; polyacenes; intramolecular singlet fission ID TIME-RESOLVED SPECTRA; HEXACENE AB Singlet fission is a form of multiple exciton generation in which two triplet excitons are produced from the decay of a photoexcited singlet exciton. In a small number of organic materials, most notably pentacene, this conversion process has been shown to occur with unity quantum yield on sub-ps timescales. However, a poorly understood mechanism for fission along with strict energy and geometry requirements have so far limited the observation of this process to a few classes of organic materials, with only a subset of these (most notably the polyacenes) showing both efficient fission and long-lived triplets. Here, we utilize novel organic materials to investigate how the efficiency of the fission process depends on the coupling and the energetic driving force between chromophores in both intra-and intermolecular singlet fission materials. We demonstrate how the triplet yield can be accurately quantified using a combination of traditional transient spectroscopies and recently developed excited state saturable absorption techniques. These results allow us to gain mechanistic insight into the fission process and suggest general strategies for generating new materials that can undergo efficient fission. C1 [Busby, Erik; Wu, Qin; Sfeir, Matthew Y.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Busby, Erik; Xia, Jianlong; Yaffe, Omer; Kumar, Bharat; Berkelbach, Timothy; Wu, Qin; Nuckolls, Colin; Zhu, Xiaoyang; Reichman, David; Campos, Luis; Sfeir, Matthew Y.] Columbia Univ, Energy Frontier Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Miller, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Chem Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Busby, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM msfeir@bnl.gov OI Sfeir, Matthew/0000-0001-5619-5722 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-208-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9181 AR UNSP 91810A DI 10.1117/12.2061831 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB9BG UT WOS:000348035800003 ER PT S AU Honscheid, K Elliott, A Bonati, M Buckley-Geer, E Castander, F Dacosta, L Diehl, HT Eiting, J Estay, O Fausti, A Flaugher, B Karliner, I Kuhlman, S Mandrichenko, I Neilsen, E Patton, K Reil, K Roodman, A Thaler, J Schumacher, G Serrano, S Suchyta, E Vittone, M Walker, A AF Honscheid, K. Elliott, A. Bonati, M. Buckley-Geer, E. Castander, F. daCosta, L. Diehl, H. T. Eiting, J. Estay, O. Fausti, A. Flaugher, B. Karliner, I. Kuhlman, S. Mandrichenko, I. Neilsen, E. Patton, K. Reil, K. Roodman, A. Thaler, J. Schumacher, G. Serrano, S. Suchyta, E. Vittone, M. Walker, A. CA Dark Energy Survey Collaboration BE Chiozzi, G Radziwill, NM TI The DECam DAQ System: Lessons Learned after 1 Year of Operations SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy III CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Dark Energy Survey; DECam; instrumentation; data acquisition; control system; camera; survey; Blanco; CTIO AB The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) is a new 520 Mega Pixel CCD camera with a 3 square degree field of view built for the Dark Energy Survey (DES). DECam is mounted at the prime focus of the Blanco 4-m telescope at the Cerro-Tololo International Observatory (CTIO). DES is a 5-year, high precision, multi-bandpass, photometric survey of 5000 square degrees of the southern sky that started August 2013. In this paper we briefly review SISPI, the data acquisition and control system of the Dark Energy Camera and follow with a discussion of our experience with the system and the lessons learned after one year of survey operations. C1 [Honscheid, K.; Elliott, A.; Eiting, J.; Patton, K.; Suchyta, E.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Buckley-Geer, E.; Diehl, H. T.; Flaugher, B.; Mandrichenko, I.; Neilsen, E.; Vittone, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bonati, M.; Estay, O.; Fausti, A.; Schumacher, G.; Walker, A.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Castander, F.] IEEC, Barcelona, Spain. [daCosta, L.] Natl Observ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Karliner, I.; Thaler, J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61807 USA. [Kuhlman, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago 60439, IL USA. [Reil, K.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Honscheid, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kh@physics.osu.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy; U. S. National Science Foundation; Ministry of Science and Education of Spain; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; cience and Technology Facilities Council ofthe United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Collaborating Institutions FX We are grateful for the extraordinary contributions of our CTIO colleagues and the DES Camera, Commissioning and Science Verification teams in achieving the excellent instrument and telescope conditions that have made this work possible.The success of this project also relies critically on the expertise and dedication of the DES Data Management organization. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council ofthe United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9620-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9152 AR UNSP 91520G DI 10.1117/12.2057073 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Computer Science; Optics GA BB8TL UT WOS:000347467300015 ER PT S AU Richmond, MC Romero-Gomez, P AF Richmond, M. C. Romero-Gomez, P. BE Desy, N Deschenes, C Guibault, F Page, M Turgeon, M Giroux, AM TI Fish passage through hydropower turbines: Simulating blade strike using the discrete element method SO 27TH IAHR SYMPOSIUM ON HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND SYSTEMS (IAHR 2014), PTS 1-7 SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems (IAHR) CY SEP 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP Andritz, SNC, ALSTOM, VOITH, HYDRO QUEBEC, AECOM, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Hatch, Ecole Technologie Superieure, Exp, BBA, Univ Laval, Brookfield, Ressources Naturelles Quebec, Tourisme Montreal ID SENSOR AB Among the hazardous hydraulic conditions affecting anadromous and resident fish during their passage though hydro-turbines two common physical processes can lead to injury and mortality: collisions/blade-strike and rapid decompression. Several methods are currently available to evaluate these stressors in installed turbines, e.g. using live fish or autonomous sensor devices, and in reduced-scale physical models, e.g. registering collisions from plastic beads. However, a priori estimates with computational modeling approaches applied early in the process of turbine design can facilitate the development of fish-friendly turbines. In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of blade strike and rapid pressure change by modeling potential fish trajectories with the Discrete Element Method (DEM) applied to fish-like composite particles. In the DEM approach, particles are subjected to realistic hydraulic conditions simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and particle-structure interactions representing fish collisions with turbine components such as blades are explicitly recorded and accounted for in the calculation of particle trajectories. We conducted transient CFD simulations by setting the runner in motion and allowing for unsteady turbulence using detached eddy simulation (DES), as compared to the conventional practice of simulating the system in steady state (which was also done here for comparison). While both schemes yielded comparable bulk hydraulic performance values, transient conditions exhibited an improvement in describing flow temporal and spatial variability. We released streamtraces (in the steady flow solution) and DEM particles (transient solution) at the same locations where sensor fish (SF) were released in previous field studies of the advanced turbine unit. The streamtrace-based results showed a better agreement with SF data than the DEM-based nadir pressures did because the former accounted for the turbulent dispersion at the intake using an empirical method, but the unsteady simulation underestimated turbulence in the intake. However, the DEM-based strike frequency is more representative of blade-strike probability as compared to the steady solution, mainly because DEM particles accounted for the full fish length and width, thus resolving (instead of modeling) the collision event. Although further development and testing is needed, the DEM method shows promise as another tool in the engineering design process to develop turbines that can achieve fish-friendly hydraulic conditions. C1 [Richmond, M. C.; Romero-Gomez, P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Div, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Richmond, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Div, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM marshall.richmond@nnl.gov RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2014 VL 22 AR UNSP 062010 DI 10.1088/1755-1315/22/6/062010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BB8TH UT WOS:000347441900167 ER PT S AU Kaplar, RJ Dickerson, J DasGupta, S Atcitty, S Marinella, MJ Khalil, SG Zehnder, D Garrido, A AF Kaplar, R. J. Dickerson, J. DasGupta, S. Atcitty, S. Marinella, M. J. Khalil, S. G. Zehnder, D. Garrido, A. GP IEEE TI Impact of Gate Stack on the Stability of Normally-Off AlGaN/GaN Power Switching HEMTs SO 2014 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & IC'S (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 26th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC's (ISPSD) CY JUN 15-19, 2014 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE DE AlGaN/GaN HEMT; power switching; reliability; electron trapping; gate stack; field plate ID TRAPS AB We have examined the response of AlGaN/GaN power switching HEMTs to electrical bias stress. Three different gate stack structures were studied. In devices containing a similar to 5 nm thick AlGaN layer in the gate stack, both positive and negative shifts in the threshold voltage were observed following high blocking voltage stress, consistent with a short initial period of electron trapping followed by a longer period of de-trapping. Correlated changes in reverse bias leakage current were also observed, although this also occurred in devices containing only residual AlGaN in the gate stack. The data have been explained by a field-enhanced emission model in which an electron trapping to de-trapping transition occurs. The exact nature of the transition is found to be sensitive to a variety of parameters including trap energy, geometry, and initial and boundary conditions. C1 [Kaplar, R. J.; Dickerson, J.; DasGupta, S.; Atcitty, S.; Marinella, M. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Khalil, S. G.; Zehnder, D.; Garrido, A.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Kaplar, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rjkapla@sandia.gov; sgkhalil@hrl.com FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; General Motors; TIRL LLC FX The work at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by the Energy Storage Program managed by Dr. Imre Gyuk of the DOE Office of Electricity. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work at TIRL Laboratories was supported by General Motors, an TIRL LLC member. The authors thank D. Hughart of SNL for reviewing the manuscript. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6854 BN 978-1-4799-2918-4 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2014 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB8JG UT WOS:000346735500051 ER PT S AU Mojab, A Mazumder, SK Cheng, L Agarwal, AK Scozzie, CJ AF Mojab, A. Mazumder, S. K. Cheng, L. Agarwal, A. K. Scozzie, C. J. GP IEEE TI 15-kV Single-Bias All-Optical ETO Thyristor SO 2014 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & IC'S (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 26th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC's (ISPSD) CY JUN 15-19, 2014 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE ID KV AB A new all-optical emitter-turn-off (ETO) configuration is proposed in this paper which is operated under 15 kV single bias and a current of 10 A. This ETO is completely controlled by two optical signals, one for the 15 kV SiC gate-turn-off (GTO) thyristor and the other one for a triggering low-voltage optically controlled Si switch. The latter, called optically-triggered power transistor (OTPT), is used in series with the anode contact of the SiC GTO thyristor in order to handle the current switching between anode and gate path of the SiC GTO thyristor. This OTPT is triggered with a 5-W laser of 808-nm wavelength and the main SiC GTO thyristor is triggered with a laser having a low wavelength of 266 nm. The voltage drop on the OTPT during the on-state is controlled by the power of the laser. For an optical power of 5 W, the structure is optimized to have an on-state voltage of 0.2 V at the junction temperature of 200 degrees C. This is less than 0.002% of the total bias of 15 kV. C1 [Mojab, A.; Mazumder, S. K.] Univ Illinois Chicago UIC, Lab Energy & Switching Elect Syst, 851 South Morgan St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cheng, L.] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Agarwal, A. K.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Scozzie, C. J.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Mojab, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois Chicago UIC, Lab Energy & Switching Elect Syst, 851 South Morgan St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM amojab2@uic.edu; mazumder@uic.edu FU U.S. NSF [1202384]; U.S. ARPA-E [DE-AR0000336]; US Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, MD FX This work is supported in part by U.S. NSF (award no. 1202384) and U.S. ARPA-E (award no. DE-AR0000336). However, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF or ARPA-E. At Cree Inc., this work was supported by C. Scozzie of the US Army Research Laboratory in Adelphi, MD. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6854 BN 978-1-4799-2918-4 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2014 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB8JG UT WOS:000346735500077 ER PT S AU Lamichhane, RR Mantooth, A Francis, M Shepherd, P Glover, M Perez, S Ericsson, N Frank, S Britton, C Martino, L McNutt, T Whitaker, B Cole, Z AF Lamichhane, Ranjan R. Mantooth, Alan Francis, Matt Shepherd, Paul Glover, Michael Perez, Sonia Ericsson, Nance Frank, Shane Britton, Chuck Martino, Laura McNutt, Ty Whitaker, Bret Cole, Zach GP IEEE TI A Wide Bandgap Silicon Carbide (SiC) Gate Driver for High-Temperature and High-Voltage Applications SO 2014 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES & IC'S (ISPSD) SE Proceedings of the International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & ICs LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 26th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices & IC's (ISPSD) CY JUN 15-19, 2014 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE ID POWER ELECTRONICS AB Limitations of silicon (Si) based power electronic devices can be overcome with Silicon Carbide (SiC) because of its remarkable material properties. SiC is a wide bandgap semiconductor material with larger bandgap, lower leakage currents, higher breakdown electric field, and higher thermal conductivity, which promotes higher switching frequencies for high power applications, higher temperature operation, and results in higher power density devices relative to Si [1]. The proposed work is focused on design of a SiC gate driver to drive a SiC power MOSFET, on a Cree SiC process, with rise/fall times (less than 100 ns) suitable for 500 kHz to 1 MHz switching frequency applications. A process optimized gate driver topology design which is significantly different from generic Si circuit design is proposed. The ultimate goal of the project is to integrate this gate driver into a Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charger module. The application of this high frequency charger will result in lighter, smaller, cheaper, and a more efficient power electronics system. C1 [Lamichhane, Ranjan R.] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Mantooth, Alan; Francis, Matt; Shepherd, Paul; Glover, Michael] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA. [Ericsson, Nance; Frank, Shane; Britton, Chuck; Martino, Laura] Oak Ridge Natl Lab ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [McNutt, Ty; Whitaker, Bret; Cole, Zach] Arkansas Power Elect Int (APEI, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Lamichhane, RR (reprint author), Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. EM lamichhane.ranjan@gmail.com NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6854 BN 978-1-4799-2918-4 J9 PROC INT SYMP POWER PY 2014 BP 414 EP 417 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB8JG UT WOS:000346735500102 ER PT S AU Bazavov, A Karsch, F Maezawa, Y Mukherjee, S Petreczky, P AF Bazavov, A. Karsch, F. Maezawa, Y. Mukherjee, Swagato Petreczky, P. GP IOP TI In-medium meson properties and screening correlators SO 30TH WINTER WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR DYNAMICS (WWND2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND) CY APR 06-12, 2014 CL Galveston, TX ID SPECTRAL FUNCTIONS; HADRONIC SPECTRUM; QUARK PLASMA; LATTICE QCD; MASSES AB We study spatial meson correlation functions consisting of strange quarks, strange and charm quarks and charm quarks in (2 + 1)-flavor QCD using the highly improved staggered quark action. We find that the in-medium. modification of the meson correlators decreases with increasing charm quark content and decreasing size. In particular, we find strong in-medium modification of phi and D-s meson correlators around the chiral transition temperature T-c, while J/psi and eta(c) correlators show strong in-medium modification only at temperatures of 1.4T(c). C1 [Bazavov, A.; Karsch, F.; Mukherjee, Swagato; Petreczky, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Karsch, F.; Maezawa, Y.] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Bazavov, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy and the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [05P12PBCTA]; EU Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadron- Physics3; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing ( SciDAC) program; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research ( and Basic Energy Sciences/ Biological and Environmental Research/ High Energy Physics/ Fusion Energy Sciences/ Nuclear Physics); [DEAC02- 98CH10886] FX Numerical calculations were carried out on the USQCD Clusters at the Jefferson Laboratory, USA, the NYBlue at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA and in NERSC at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA. This work was supported by through the Contract No. DEAC02- 98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy and the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung under grant 05P12PBCTA, and the EU Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadron- Physics3. Partial support for this work was also provided through Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing ( SciDAC) program funded by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research ( and Basic Energy Sciences/ Biological and Environmental Research/ High Energy Physics/ Fusion Energy Sciences/ Nuclear Physics) NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 535 AR UNSP 012031 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/535/1/012031 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8IJ UT WOS:000346661600032 ER PT S AU Demir, N Wiranata, A AF Demir, Nasser Wiranata, Anton GP IOP TI Hadronic Shear Viscosity: A Comparison between the Green-Kubo and Chapmann Enskog Methods SO 30TH WINTER WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR DYNAMICS (WWND2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND) CY APR 06-12, 2014 CL Galveston, TX ID RATIO AB A detailed comparison between two methods to calculate shear viscosity is presented. We choose two systems in this comparison which are massless particles with current algebra cross section and a mixture comprised of pions with rho resonances. The two methods involved are the Green-Kubo method, applied using the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model to simulate the hadronic medium, and the Chapmann-Enskog method. C1 [Demir, Nasser] Kuwait Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Khaldiya 13060, Kuwait. [Wiranata, Anton] Cent China Normal Univ, IOPP, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Wiranata, Anton] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wiranata, Anton] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Demir, N (reprint author), Kuwait Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Khaldiya 13060, Kuwait. EM nasser.demir@gmail.com FU NFSC [11221504, 1350110493]; Kuwait University [1906] FX A. Wiranata acknowledges NFSC grant number 11221504 and grant number 1350110493. N. Demir wishes to thank Kuwait University for its support via decree number 1906 for the 20142015 fiscal year. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 535 AR UNSP 012018 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/535/1/012018 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8IJ UT WOS:000346661600019 ER PT S AU Gale, C Jeon, S Schenke, B Tribedy, P Venugopalan, R AF Gale, Charles Jeon, Sangyong Schenke, Bjoern Tribedy, Prithwish Venugopalan, Raju GP IOP TI Particle production and final state effects in nuclear collisions SO 30TH WINTER WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR DYNAMICS (WWND2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND) CY APR 06-12, 2014 CL Galveston, TX ID MULTIPLICITY; DENSITY AB We discuss various features of multi-particle production in high-energy nuclear collisions within the IP-Glasma model. We demonstrate that for some observables in heavy-ion collisions the effects of final state interactions governed by fluid-dynamics are essential. In smaller systems, like proton-lead collisions, the same model fails to describe the azimuthal anisotropy of produced particles. This failure can be due to neglected initial state correlations or the lack of a detailed description of the fluctuating spatial structure of the proton at high energies, or both. C1 [Gale, Charles; Jeon, Sangyong] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Schenke, Bjoern; Venugopalan, Raju] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Tribedy, Prithwish] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata, W Bengal 700064, India. RP Gale, C (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM bschenke@bnl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 535 AR UNSP 012026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/535/1/012026 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8IJ UT WOS:000346661600027 ER PT S AU Tang, AH AF Tang, Aihong CA STAR Collaboration GP IOP TI Beam Energy Dependence of Clan Multiplicity at RHIC SO 30TH WINTER WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR DYNAMICS (WWND2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND) CY APR 06-12, 2014 CL Galveston, TX ID DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLISIONS; GEV/C AB In this paper, STAR's measurement of clan multiplicity is presented for AuAu collisions at root S-NN= 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.1 and 200 GeV, for a variety of centrality classes. The mean number of particles per clan is found to decrease with decreasing centrality. Within the same centrality class, the mean number of particles per clan exhibits a reduction between 19.6 GeV and 62 GeV, with the minimum around 27 GeV. The structure is visible for most centralities, and most prominent for central collisions. C1 [Tang, Aihong; STAR Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tang, AH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM aihong@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 535 AR 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/535/1/012009 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8IJ UT WOS:000346661600010 ER PT S AU Wang, H AF Wang, Hui CA STAR Collaboration GP IOP TI Recent STAR Results from U plus U and Au plus Au Collisions SO 30TH WINTER WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR DYNAMICS (WWND2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND) CY APR 06-12, 2014 CL Galveston, TX AB Unlike Au or Pb nuclei which are more spherical, the uranium nuclei have a relatively large deformation on average. The prolate shape of uranium nuclei provides the feasibility to study how the initial geometry of the nuclei affects the azimuthal distributions of produced particles. It also provides a unique opportunity to understand the initial condition for particle production at mid-rapidity in heavy ion collisions as well as path length dependence of jet quenching and quarkonium in-medium effects. In this proceedings, the two- and four- particle cumulant, v2{2} and v2{4}, from U+U collisions at root S-NN = 193 GeV and Au+Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV for inclusive charged hadrons at midrapidity will be presented. The STAR Zero Degree Calorimeter is used to subdivide the 0-1% centrality bin into even finer centralities. Differences were observed between the multiplicity dependence of v2{2} for most central Au+Au and U+U collisions. The observed v2{2} slope results were compared to Monte Carlo Glauber model predictions and it was seen that this model cannot explain the presented results on the multiplicity dependence of v2{2} in central collisions. C1 [Wang, Hui; STAR Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wanghui6@bnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 535 AR 012004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/535/1/012004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8IJ UT WOS:000346661600005 ER PT S AU Wiranata, A Prakash, M Huovinen, P Koch, V Wang, XN AF Wiranata, A. Prakash, M. Huovinen, P. Koch, V. Wang, X. N. GP IOP TI The eta/s of hadrons out of chemical equilibrium SO 30TH WINTER WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR DYNAMICS (WWND2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND) CY APR 06-12, 2014 CL Galveston, TX ID KINETIC GAS THEORY; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS AB We study how the shear viscosity, eta, entropy density, s, and eta/s depend on growing hadron chemical potentials resulting from the loss of chemical equilibrium during the evolution of a relativistic heavy-ion collision. Our calculations here are for an interacting pion gas in a system of net baryon number zero. Time evolution of the temperature and pion chemical potential are taken from ideal fluid hydrodynamic calculations of RHIC and LHC collisions. We find that the shear viscosity decreases whereas the entropy density increases with increasing pion chemical potential resulting in values of eta/s that are slightly reduced from the case of chemical potentials being zero when chemical equilibrium prevails. Our results indicate that the inclusion of additional mesons and baryons will likely lead to further reduction in the value of eta/s. C1 [Wiranata, A.; Wang, X. N.] Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Wiranata, A.; Koch, V.; Wang, X. N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wiranata, A.; Prakash, M.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Huovinen, P.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Huovinen, P.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Physik, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Wiranata, A (reprint author), Cent China Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM awiranata@lbl.gov RI Prakash, Madappa/D-9820-2016 FU NSFC [11221504, 1350110493]; US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-93ER-40756] FX This work was supported by the NSFC under grant No. 11221504 & No. 1350110493, and by the US DOE under contracts #DE-AC02-05CH11231 and #DE-FG02-93ER-40756. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 535 AR UNSP 012017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/535/1/012017 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8IJ UT WOS:000346661600018 ER PT S AU Young, C Kapusta, JI Gale, C Jeon, S Schenke, B AF Young, C. Kapusta, J. I. Gale, C. Jeon, S. Schenke, B. GP IOP TI Numerical Simulation of Thermal Noise in Heavy Ion Collisions SO 30TH WINTER WORKSHOP ON NUCLEAR DYNAMICS (WWND2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics (WWND) CY APR 06-12, 2014 CL Galveston, TX ID THERMODYNAMICS AB Thermal noise is present in any viscous fluid, making the simulation of relativistic noise in heavy ion collisions a necessity. It is likely possible to use it to make an independent measurement of viscosity in heavy ion collisions. The size, energy densities, and time scales of the collisions determine the relative importance of thermal noise. This causes a non-trivial contribution to two-particle correlations as well as event-by-event fluctuations in observables. C1 [Young, C.; Kapusta, J. I.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Gale, C.; Jeon, S.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Schenke, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Young, C (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM young@physics.umn.edu; kapusta@physics.umn.edu; gala@physics.mcgill.ca; jeon@physics.mcgill.ca; bschenke@quark.phy.bnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 535 AR UNSP 012034 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/535/1/012034 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8IJ UT WOS:000346661600035 ER PT J AU Larour, E Utke, J Csatho, B Schenk, A Seroussi, H Morlighem, M Rignot, E Schlegel, N Khazendar, A AF Larour, E. Utke, J. Csatho, B. Schenk, A. Seroussi, H. Morlighem, M. Rignot, E. Schlegel, N. Khazendar, A. TI Inferred basal friction and surface mass balance of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream using data assimilation of ICESat (Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) surface altimetry and ISSM (Ice Sheet System Model) SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; GEOTHERMAL HEAT-FLUX; JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; WEST ANTARCTICA; SPATIAL SENSITIVITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; BED TOPOGRAPHY; GLACIER; FLOW; ADJOINT AB We present a new data assimilation method within the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) framework that is capable of assimilating surface altimetry data from missions such as ICESat (Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) into reconstructions of transient ice flow. The new method relies on algorithmic differentiation to compute gradients of objective functions with respect to model forcings. It is applied to the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, where surface mass balance and basal friction forcings are temporally inverted, resulting in adjusted modeled surface heights that best fit existing altimetry. This new approach allows for a better quantification of basal and surface processes and a better understanding of the physical processes currently missing in transient ice-flow models to better capture the important intra-and interannual variability in surface altimetry. It also demonstrates that large spatial and temporal variability is required in model forcings such as surface mass balance and basal friction, variability that can only be explained by including more complex processes such as snowpack compaction at the surface and basal hydrology at the bottom of the ice sheet. This approach is indeed a first step towards assimilating the wealth of high spatial resolution altimetry data available from EnviSat, ICESat, Operation IceBridge and CryoSat-2, and that which will be available in the near future with the launch of ICESat-2. C1 [Larour, E.; Seroussi, H.; Rignot, E.; Schlegel, N.; Khazendar, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Morlighem, M.; Rignot, E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Utke, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Csatho, B.; Schenk, A.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Larour, E (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 300-323, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM eric.larour@jpl.nasa.gov RI Morlighem, Mathieu/O-9942-2014; Rignot, Eric/A-4560-2014; OI Morlighem, Mathieu/0000-0001-5219-1310; Rignot, Eric/0000-0002-3366-0481; Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne/0000-0001-8035-448X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Cryospheric Sciences Program, Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program; Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Research; Technology Development Program; President's Fund Program; Director's Fund Program FX This work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; at Argonne National Lab; at the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Buffalo; and at the Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, funded by the Cryospheric Sciences Program, Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Research and Technology Development Program and the President's and Director's Fund Program. We would also like to acknowledge J. Box's help in providing SMB time series for the initial values of our inversion, J. van Angelen and M. van den Broeke for providing climatology for the density estimation and S. B. Simonsen for providing firn compaction estimates. NR 108 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2014 VL 8 IS 6 BP 2335 EP 2351 DI 10.5194/tc-8-2335-2014 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AY3ES UT WOS:000347468000021 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Anderson, C Chao, WL Bhattarai, S Neureuther, A Cummings, K Jen, SH Neisser, M Thomas, B AF Naulleau, Patrick Anderson, Christopher Chao, Weilun Bhattarai, Suchit Neureuther, Andrew Cummings, Kevin Jen, Shi-Hui Neisser, Mark Thomas, Bryan TI EUV Resists: Pushing to the Extreme SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoresist; extreme ultraviolet; shot noise; phase-shift mask AB Despite achieving 15-nm half pitch, the progress in extreme ultraviolet chemically amplified resist has arguably decelerated in recent years. We show that this deceleration is consistent with approaching stochastic limits both in photon counts and material parameters. Contact hole printing is a crucial application for extreme ultraviolet lithography and is particularly challenged by resist sensitivity due to inherent inefficiencies in darkfield contact printing. Checkerboard strong phase shift masks have the potential to alleviate this problem through a 4x increase in optical efficiency. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated using the SEMATECH-Berkeley Microfield Exposure Tool pseudo phase shift mask configuration and preliminary results are provided on the fabrication of an etched multilayer checkerboard phase shift mask. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick; Anderson, Christopher; Chao, Weilun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bhattarai, Suchit; Neureuther, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cummings, Kevin; Jen, Shi-Hui; Neisser, Mark; Thomas, Bryan] SEMATECH, Albany, NY USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X FU SEMATECH through the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are greatly indebted to the CXRO MET operations team including Gideon Jones, Mark Binenbaum, Chanin King, Gayan Pothuhera, Jessica Ritland, Kurt Schlueter, and Jessalyn Sincher. We also thank Ken Maruyama of JSR, Shinji Tarutani of Fuji, and Melanie Orchard of Shin-Etsu for excellent resist support. The SEMATECH-Berkeley MET exposure facility at the Advanced Light Source is funded by SEMATECH. The work was performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source synchrotron facility and was supported by SEMATECH through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 6 BP 725 EP 730 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AY3XE UT WOS:000347512000009 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Anderson, C Chao, WL Bhattarai, S Neureuther, A AF Naulleau, Patrick Anderson, Christopher Chao, Weilun Bhattarai, Suchit Neureuther, Andrew TI Studying Resist Stochastics with the Multivariate Poisson Propagation Model SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoresist; extreme ultraviolet; shot noise AB Progress in the ultimate performance of extreme ultraviolet resist has arguably decelerated in recent years suggesting an approach to stochastic limits both in photon counts and material parameters. Here we report on the performance of a variety of leading extreme ultraviolet resist both with and without chemical amplification. The measured performance is compared to stochastic modeling results using the Multivariate Poisson Propagation Model. The results show that the best materials are indeed nearing modeled performance limits. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick; Anderson, Christopher; Chao, Weilun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bhattarai, Suchit; Neureuther, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU SEMATECH; SEMATECH through the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are greatly indebted to the CXRO MET operations team including Gideon Jones, Mark Binenbaum, Chanin King, Jessica Ritland, Kurt Schlueter, and Jessalyn Sincher. We also thank Ken Maruyama and Rama Ayothi of JSR, Ognian Dimov and Hideaki Tsubaki of Fuji, Melanie Orchard of Shin-Etsu, and Andrew Grenville and Michael Kocsis of Inpria for resist support. The SEMATECH-Berkeley MET exposure facility at the Advanced Light Source is funded by SEMATECH. The work was performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source synchrotron facility and was supported by SEMATECH through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 6 BP 747 EP 750 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AY3XE UT WOS:000347512000012 ER PT J AU Elliott, DC Hart, TR Schmidt, AJ Neuenschwander, GG Rotness, LJ Olarte, MV Zacher, AH Albrecht, KO Hallen, RT Holladay, JE AF Elliott, Douglas C. Hart, Todd R. Schmidt, Andrew J. Neuenschwander, Gary G. Rotness, Leslie J. Olarte, Mariefel V. Zacher, Alan H. Albrecht, Karl O. Hallen, Richard T. Holladay, Johnathan E. TI Algae to crude oil: million-year natural process takes minutes in the lab SO CHIMICA OGGI-CHEMISTRY TODAY LA English DT News Item C1 [Elliott, Douglas C.; Hart, Todd R.; Schmidt, Andrew J.; Neuenschwander, Gary G.; Rotness, Leslie J.; Olarte, Mariefel V.; Zacher, Alan H.; Albrecht, Karl O.; Hallen, Richard T.; Holladay, Johnathan E.] PNNL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Elliott, DC (reprint author), PNNL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RI Olarte, Mariefel/D-3217-2013 OI Olarte, Mariefel/0000-0003-2989-1110 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 0392-839X EI 1973-8250 J9 CHIM OGGI JI Chim. Oggi-Chem. Today PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 32 IS 1 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA AM5MZ UT WOS:000339905200021 ER PT S AU Yan, GH Eidenbenz, S AF Yan, Guanhua Eidenbenz, Stephan GP IEEE TI Sim-Watchdog: Leveraging Temporal Similarity for Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Graphs SO 2014 IEEE 34TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS (ICDCS 2014) SE IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 2014 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB Graphs are widely used to characterize relationships or information flows among entities in large networks or distributed systems. In this work, we propose a systematic framework that leverages temporal similarity inherent in dynamic graphs for anomaly detection. This framework relies on the Neyman-Pearson criterion to choose similarity measures with high discriminative power for online anomaly detection in dynamic graphs. We formulate the problem rigorously, and after establishing its inapproximibility result, we develop a greedy algorithm for similarity measure selection. We apply this framework to dynamic graphs generated from email communications among thousands of employees in a large research institution and demonstrate that it works effectively on a set of more than 100 candidate graph similarity measures. C1 [Yan, Guanhua; Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yan, GH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ghyan@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov OI Eidenbenz, Stephan/0000-0002-2628-1854 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6927 BN 978-1-4799-5168-0 J9 INT CON DISTR COMP S PY 2014 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1109/ICDCS.2014.24 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB8IH UT WOS:000346658200016 ER PT S AU Jau, YY Schwindt, PDD Casias, A Serkland, D Manginell, R Moorman, M Boye, R Ison, A Winrow, T McCants, A Prestage, J Yu, N Kellogg, J Boschen, D Kosvin, I AF Jau Yuan-Yu Schwindt, Peter D. D. Casias, Adrian Serkland, Darwin Manginell, Ron Moorman, Mathew Boye, Robert Ison, Aaron Winrow, Ted McCants, Andrew Prestage, John Yu, Nan Kellogg, James Boschen, Dan Kosvin, Igor GP IEEE TI Miniature Microwave Frequency Standard with Trapped Yb-171(+) SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) CY MAY 19-22, 2014 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, UFFC, Asia Pacific Metrol Programme, Minist Sci & Technol, NAR Labs, Instrument Technol Res Ctr, Sensors & Actuators Tech, Tsing Hua Univ C1 [Jau Yuan-Yu; Schwindt, Peter D. D.; Casias, Adrian; Serkland, Darwin; Manginell, Ron; Moorman, Mathew; Boye, Robert; Ison, Aaron; Winrow, Ted; McCants, Andrew] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Prestage, John; Yu, Nan; Kellogg, James] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Boschen, Dan; Kosvin, Igor] Microsemi, Beverly, MA USA. RP Jau, YY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM yjau@sandia.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work is supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-4916-8 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2014 BP 562 EP 562 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB8BZ UT WOS:000346295600157 ER PT S AU Marinella, MJ AF Marinella, Matthew J. GP IEEE TI Emerging Resistive Switching Memory Technologies: Overview and Current Status SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (ISCAS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE DE redox memory; RRAM; ReRAM; nonvolatile memory; memristor; CBRAM ID MECHANISMS; DEVICES AB Resistive memory technologies, in particular redox random access memory (ReRAM), are poised as one of the most prominent emerging memory categories to replace NAND flash and fill the important need for a Storage Class Memory (SCM). This is due to low switching energy, low current switching, high speed, outstanding endurance, scalability below 10 nm, and excellent back-end-of-line CMOS compatibility. Furthermore, the analog aspects of memristors have opened the door for many novel applications such as analog math accelerators and neuromorphic computers. This paper provides an overview of resistive memory technologies and their current status, with a focus on redox RAM (ReRAM). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Semicond Device R&D, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Marinella, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Semicond Device R&D, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM matthew.marinella@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0271-4302 BN 978-1-4799-3432-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP CIRC S PY 2014 BP 830 EP 833 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB8EW UT WOS:000346488600212 ER PT J AU Sopori, B Rupnowski, P Shet, S Basnyat, P AF Sopori, Bhushan Rupnowski, Peter Shet, Sudhakar Basnyat, Prakash TI Photovoltaic Materials and Devices 2014 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sopori, Bhushan; Rupnowski, Peter; Basnyat, Prakash] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Shet, Sudhakar] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Sopori, B (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bhushan.sopori@nrel.gov OI Rupnowski, Przemyslaw/0000-0003-0040-418X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-662X EI 1687-529X J9 INT J PHOTOENERGY JI Int. J. Photoenergy PY 2014 AR 534312 DI 10.1155/2014/534312 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA AY0QF UT WOS:000347300900001 ER PT J AU Yan, RQ Chen, XF Li, WH Sheng, SW AF Yan, Ruqiang Chen, Xuefeng Li, Weihua Sheng, Shuangwen TI Mathematical Methods and Modeling in Machine Fault Diagnosis SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yan, Ruqiang] Southeast Univ, Sch Instrument Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xuefeng] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Li, Weihua] S China Univ Technol, Sch Mech & Automot Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Shuangwen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, RQ (reprint author), Southeast Univ, Sch Instrument Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM ruqiang@seu.edu.cn RI Yan, Ruqiang/A-9776-2012; OI Yan, Ruqiang/0000-0003-4341-6535; Li, Weihua/0000-0002-7493-1399 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1024-123X EI 1563-5147 J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2014 AR 516590 DI 10.1155/2014/516590 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA AX6RK UT WOS:000347048800001 ER PT S AU Numao, T Aguilar-Arevalo, A Aoki, M Blecher, M Britton, DI Bryman, DA vom Bruch, D Chen, S Comfort, J Cuen-Rochin, S Doria, L Gumplinger, P Hussein, A Igarashi, Y Ito, S Kettell, S Kurchaninov, L Littenberg, L Malbrunot, C Mischke, R Protopopescu, D Sher, A Sullivan, T Vavilov, D AF Numao, T. Aguilar-Arevalo, A. Aoki, M. Blecher, M. Britton, D. I. Bryman, D. A. vom Bruch, D. Chen, S. Comfort, J. Cuen-Rochin, S. Doria, L. Gumplinger, P. Hussein, A. Igarashi, Y. Ito, S. Kettell, S. Kurchaninov, L. Littenberg, L. Malbrunot, C. Mischke, R. Protopopescu, D. Sher, A. Sullivan, T. Vavilov, D. BE Bozzo, M TI Status of the PIENU experiment SO XI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYPERONS, CHARM AND BEAUTY HADRONS (BEACH 2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Hyperons, Charm and Beauty Hadrons (BEACH) CY JUL 21-26, 2014 CL Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, ENGLAND SP CERN, Univ Durham, European Res Council HO Univ Birmingham ID BRANCHING RATIO AB The branching ratio, R-e/mu = Gamma(pi -> e nu + e nu gamma)/Gamma(pi -> mu nu + mu nu gamma), provides a sensitive test of muon-electron universality in weak interactions. The status of the PIENU experiment at TRIUMF, which aims to improve the precision of the R-e/mu measurement by a factor of > 5, is presented. C1 [Numao, T.; Doria, L.; Gumplinger, P.; Kurchaninov, L.; Mischke, R.; Sher, A.; Vavilov, D.] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Aguilar-Arevalo, A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Aoki, M.; Ito, S.] Osaka Univ, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Blecher, M.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Britton, D. I.; Protopopescu, D.] Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Bryman, D. A.; vom Bruch, D.; Cuen-Rochin, S.; Malbrunot, C.; Sullivan, T.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Chen, S.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Comfort, J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hussein, A.] Univ British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. [Igarashi, Y.] KEK, Oho, Ibaraki 11, Japan. [Kettell, S.; Littenberg, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Numao, T (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM toshio@triumf.ca OI Littenberg, Laurence/0000-0001-8373-7179; Aguilar-Arevalo, Alexis A./0000-0001-9279-3375; MALBRUNOT, Chloe/0000-0001-6193-6601 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 556 AR UNSP 012002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/556/1/012002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB8HZ UT WOS:000346636400002 ER PT S AU Crater, HC Wong, CY AF Crater, H. C. Wong, C. Y. GP IOP TI Possible New Positronium Bound State SO XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES (ICSLS 2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes (ICSLS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tullahoma, TN SP Inst Phys, Quantel Laser Co, Elsevier, Ctr Laser Appl, Univ Tennessee Space Inst ID 2-BODY DIRAC EQUATIONS AB The Two-Body Dirac equations of constraint dynamics applied to QED yields an exact Sommerfeld-like solution for the spectrum of (1)J(J) singlet positronium states which agrees with standard perturbative results through order alpha(4). At short distance the radial part of the wave function u = r psi has two solutions with probabilities near the origin behaving like psi(2)d(3)r = u(2)drd Omega = r(1+/-root(2J+1)(2)-4 alpha(2))drd Omega. For J not equal 0 only the first sign is allowable but both signs for J = 0 are well behaved. The first sign in that case corresponds to ordinary positronium (with a binding energy of about 6.8 eV). The second sign corresponds to a new positronium state with a binding energy of about 300 keV and a root-mean-square radius on the order of a Compton wavelength. The ordinary 1S positronium state decays into this new 1S state by two photon emission with c.m. energy of about 300 keV. The peculiar 1S state then annihilates promptly into two photons with c.m. energy of about 700 keV. Thus the existence of this new positronium state would be a distinctive 4 photon decay signature of ordinary singlet positronium. C1 [Crater, H. C.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, 411 BH Goethert Pkwy, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Wong, C. Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Crater, HC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, 411 BH Goethert Pkwy, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. EM hcrater@utsi.edu; wongc@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 548 AR UNSP 012004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/548/1/012004 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8IE UT WOS:000346654400004 ER PT S AU Gill, W Cruz-Cabrera, AA Donaldson, AB Lim, J Sivathanu, Y Bystrom, E Haug, A Sharp, L Surmick, DM AF Gill, W. Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Donaldson, A. B. Lim, J. Sivathanu, Y. Bystrom, E. Haug, A. Sharp, L. Surmick, D. M. GP IOP TI Combustion diagnosis for analysis of solid propellant rocket abort hazards: Role of spectroscopy SO XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES (ICSLS 2014) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes (ICSLS) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Tullahoma, TN SP Inst Phys, Quantel Laser Co, Elsevier, Ctr Laser Appl, Univ Tennessee Space Inst ID SIMPLEX-METHOD; RADIATION AB Solid rocket propellant plume temperatures have been measured using spectroscopic methods as part of an ongoing effort to specify the thermal-chemical-physical environment in and around a burning fragment of an exploded solid rocket at atmospheric pressures. Such specification is needed for launch safety studies where hazardous payloads become involved with large fragments of burning propellant. The propellant burns in an off-design condition producing a hot gas flame loaded with burning metal droplets. Each component of the flame (soot, droplets and gas) has a characteristic temperature, and it is only through the use of spectroscopy that their temperature can be independently identified. C1 [Gill, W.; Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Bystrom, E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1135, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Bystrom, E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Donaldson, A. B.; Haug, A.; Sharp, L.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Sivathanu, Y.] EnUrga Inc, Business & Technol Ctr, Cumberland, IN 47906 USA. [Surmick, D. M.] Univ Tennessee Space Inst, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Gill, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1135, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aacruzc@sandia.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [FI015110718] FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of Jill Suo-Anttila. Funding for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under contract FI015110718. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 548 AR UNSP 012055 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/548/1/012055 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8IE UT WOS:000346654400055 ER PT S AU Gandolfi, S AF Gandolfi, S. BE Reinholz, H Boronat, J TI Quantum Monte Carlo study of strongly interacting Fermi gases SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT PROGRESS IN MANY-BODY THEORIES (MBT17) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories (MBT) CY SEP 08-13, 2013 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, Sonderforschungsbereich 652, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft AB In recent years Quantum Monte Carlo techniques provided to be a valuable tool to study strongly interacting Fermi gases at zero temperature. We have used QMC methods to investigate several properties of the two-components Fermi gas at unitarity and in the BCS-BEC crossover, both with equal and unequal masses corresponding to the Li-K Fermi mixture. In this paper we present several recent QMC results, including the energy at zero and finite effective range, the contact parameter and the static structure factor, which, at low momentum, depends strongly on the phonons in the unitary Fermi gas. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gandolfi, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM stefano@lanl.gov OI Gandolfi, Stefano/0000-0002-0430-9035 NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 529 AR 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/529/1/012011 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8GP UT WOS:000346555200011 ER PT S AU Lonardoni, D Pederiva, F Gandolfi, S AF Lonardoni, D. Pederiva, F. Gandolfi, S. BE Reinholz, H Boronat, J TI From hypernuclei to the Inner Core of Neutron Stars: A Quantum Monte Carlo Study SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT PROGRESS IN MANY-BODY THEORIES (MBT17) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories (MBT) CY SEP 08-13, 2013 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, Sonderforschungsbereich 652, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ID BINDING-ENERGY VALUES; MAXIMUM MASS; MEV/C AB Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo (AFDMC) calculations have been employed to revise the interaction beween Lambda-hyperons and nucleons in hypernuclei. The scheme used to describe the interaction, inspired by the phenomenological Argonne-Urbana forces, is the Lambda N + Pi NN potential firstly introduced by Bodmer, Usmani et a l.. Within this framework, we performed calculations on light and medium mass hypernuclei in order to assess the extent of the repulsive contribution of the three-body part. By tuning this contribution in order to reproduce the Lambda separation energy in He-5(Lambda) and O-17(Lambda), experimental findings are reproduced over a wide range of masses. Calculations have then been extended to Lambda-neutron matter in order to derive an analogous of the symmetry energy to be used in determining the equation of state of matter in the typical conditions found in the inner core of neutron stars. C1 [Lonardoni, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lonardoni, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lonardoni@science.unitn.it; pederiva@science.unitn.it; stefano@lanl.gov OI Gandolfi, Stefano/0000-0002-0430-9035 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 529 AR 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/529/1/012012 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8GP UT WOS:000346555200012 ER PT S AU Richter, J Lohmann, A Schmidt, HJ Johnston, DC AF Richter, J. Lohmann, A. Schmidt, H-J Johnston, D. C. BE Reinholz, H Boronat, J TI Magnetic susceptibility of frustrated spin-s J(1)-J(2) quantum Heisenberg magnets: High-temperature expansion and exact diagonalization data SO 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT PROGRESS IN MANY-BODY THEORIES (MBT17) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories (MBT) CY SEP 08-13, 2013 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, Sonderforschungsbereich 652, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft AB Motivated by recent experiments on low-dimensional frustrated quantum magnets with competing nearest-neighbor exchange coupling J(1) and next nearest-neighbor exchange coupling J(2) we investigate the magnetic susceptibility of two-dimensional J(1)-J(2) Heisenberg models with arbitrary spin quantum number 8. We use exact diagonalization and high-temperature expansion up to order 10 to analyze the influence of the frustration strength J(2)/J(1) and the spin quantum number 8 on the position and the height of the maximum of the susceptibility. The derived theoretical data can be used to get information on the ratio J(2)/J(1), by comparing with susceptibility measurements on corresponding magnetic compounds. C1 [Richter, J.; Lohmann, A.] Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, PF 4120, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. [Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Richter, J (reprint author), Univ Magdeburg, Inst Theoret Phys, PF 4120, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. EM johannes.richter@physik.uni-magdeburg.de FU U.S.Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 529 AR UNSP 012023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/529/1/012023 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8GP UT WOS:000346555200023 ER PT S AU Hewitt, C Wang, DL AF Hewitt, Christopher Wang, Dali GP IEEE TI Surviving the Digital Transition: Maintaining UHF Microphone Systems for the Future SO 2014 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS (ISIE) SE Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) CY JUN 01-04, 2014 CL Istanbul, TURKEY SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Bogazici Univ AB A direct sequence spread spectrum implementation was developed in an effort to extend the operational lifetime of legacy analog wireless audio equipment. These legacy devices have an uncertain future due to spectrum reallocation and repurposing in the United States. Through the development of a drop-in module incorporating spread spectrum techniques, aging analog equipment can benefit from audio integrity preservation and isolation from other devices and services operating on the UHF band. By extending the operational lifetime of existing wireless equipment, this approach could reduce electronic waste. C1 [Hewitt, Christopher] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Comp & Networking Infrastruct, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Wang, Dali] Christopher Newport Univ, Dept Phys Comp Sci & Engn, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Hewitt, C (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Comp & Networking Infrastruct, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. FU Christopher Newport University FX Dr. Da li Wang for his instruction and unwaivering support at Christopher Newport University. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-5137 BN 978-1-4799-2399-1 J9 PROC IEEE INT SYMP PY 2014 BP 1056 EP 1059 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB8IY UT WOS:000346705600175 ER PT J AU Wilson, DG Neely, JC Cook, MA Glover, SF Young, J Robinett, RD AF Wilson, David G. Neely, Jason C. Cook, Marvin A. Glover, Steven F. Young, Joseph Robinett, Rush D., III GP IEEE TI Hamiltonian Control Design for DC Microgrids with Stochastic Sources and Loads with Applications SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER ELECTRONICS, ELECTRICAL DRIVES, AUTOMATION AND MOTION (SPEEDAM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM) CY JUN 18-20, 2014 CL ITALY SP IEEE DE decentralized control; microgrid; nonlinear control; energy storage; stochastic sources AB To achieve high performance operation of microgrids that contain stochastic sources and loads is a challenge that will impact cost and complexity. Developing alternative methods for controlling and analyzing these systems will provide insight into tradeoffs that can be made during the design phase. This paper presents a design methodology, based on Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) [1] for a hierarchical control scheme that regulates renewable energy sources and energy storage in a DC microgrid. Recent literature has indicated that there exists a trade-off in information and power flow and that intelligent, coordinated control of power flow in a microgrid system can modify energy storage hardware requirements. Two scenarios are considered; i) simple two stochastic source with variable load renewable DC Microgrid example and ii) a three zone electric ship with DC Microgrid and varying pulse load profiles. C1 [Wilson, David G.; Neely, Jason C.; Cook, Marvin A.; Glover, Steven F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Sci & Expt Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Young, Joseph] OptimoJoe, Albuquerque 87119, NM USA. [Robinett, Rush D., III] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Wilson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Sci & Expt Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwilso@sandia.gov; jneely@sandia.gov; macook@sandia.gov; sfglove@sandia.gov; joe@optimojoe.com; rdrobine@mtu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; GC/LDRD; NAVSEA Naval Power Systems FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. The authors would like to acknowledge Professor Gordon Parker and Research Professor Steven Goldsmith at Michigan Technological University for their early support in optimization cost function formulations and informatics/agent based architectures, respectively. A large portion of this research was sponsored by a GC/LDRD microgrid. [16]. The authors also acknowledge our NAVSEA Naval Power Systems, Electric Ship PMS 320 program for their support. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4749-2 PY 2014 BP 1264 EP 1270 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BB8FK UT WOS:000346502700215 ER PT J AU Ballard, G Becker, D Demmel, J Dongarra, J Druinsky, A Peled, I Schwartz, O Toledo, S Yamazaki, I AF Ballard, Grey Becker, Dulceneia Demmel, James Dongarra, Jack Druinsky, Alex Peled, Inon Schwartz, Oded Toledo, Sivan Yamazaki, Ichitaro TI COMMUNICATION-AVOIDING SYMMETRIC-INDEFINITE FACTORIZATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE symmetric-indefinite matrices; communication-avoiding algorithms; Aasen's factorization ID LINEAR-ALGEBRA; PARALLEL COMPUTATION; LU FACTORIZATION; ALGORITHM; MATRICES; STABILITY; MEMORY; MODEL AB We describe and analyze a novel symmetric triangular factorization algorithm. The algorithm is essentially a block version of Aasen's triangular tridiagonalization. It factors a dense symmetric matrix A as the product A = (PLTLPT)-P-T, where P is a permutation matrix, L is lower triangular, and T is block tridiagonal and banded. The algorithm is the first symmetric-indefinite communication-avoiding factorization: it performs an asymptotically optimal amount of communication in a two-level memory hierarchy for almost any cache-line size. Adaptations of the algorithm to parallel computers are likely to be communication efficient as well; one such adaptation has been recently published. The current paper describes the algorithm, proves that it is numerically stable, and proves that it is communication optimal. C1 [Ballard, Grey] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Becker, Dulceneia; Dongarra, Jack; Yamazaki, Ichitaro] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Demmel, James; Schwartz, Oded] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Druinsky, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Peled, Inon; Toledo, Sivan] Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Ballard, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gmballa@sandia.gov; dulceneia.becker@gmail.com; demmel@cs.berkeley.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu; alex.druinsky@gmail.com; inon.peled@gmail.com; odedsc@cs.berkeley.edu; sivan.toledo@gmail.com; iyamazak@eecs.utk.edu FU NSF [CCF-1117062, CNS-0905188]; Microsoft Corporation; Israel Science Foundation [1045/09, 1878/14]; U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2010231]; Intel [024894]; U.C. Discovery [DIG07-10227]; Par Lab affiliates Mathworks; National Instruments; Nokia; NVIDIA; Oracle; Samsung; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [DE-SC0003959]; Applied Mathematics program [DE-SC0004938, DE-SC0010200]; X-Stack program [DE-SC0005136, DE-SC0008700]; DARPA [HR0011-12-2- 0016]; Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel [3-10891]; Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering,- Sandia Corporation; Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.607.21.0006, RFMEFI57714X0020]; [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported in part by NSF CCF-1117062 and CNS-0905188, by Microsoft Corporation Research Project Description "Exploring Novel Approaches for Achieving Scalable Performance on Emerging Hybrid and Multi-Core Architectures for Linear Algebra Algorithms and Software," by grant 1045/09 from the Israel Science Foundation (founded by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities), by grant 2010231 from the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation, by Microsoft (award 024263) and Intel (award 024894) funding, and by matching funding by U.C. Discovery (award DIG07-10227). Additional support comes from Par Lab affiliates Mathworks, National Instruments, Nokia, NVIDIA, Oracle, and Samsung. Research is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research award DE-SC0003959 and by contract DE-AC02-05CH11231; by the Applied Mathematics program awards DE-SC0004938 and DE-SC0010200; by the X-Stack program awards DE-SC0005136 and DE-SC0008700; and by DARPA grant HR0011-12-2- 0016. Further support is provided by grant 1878/14 from the Israel Science Foundation and grant 3-10891 from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel, and by an appointment to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was sponsored in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Agreement N 14.607.21.0006 (unique identifier RFMEFI57714X0020). NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 EI 1095-7162 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1364 EP 1406 DI 10.1137/130929060 PG 43 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3MJ UT WOS:000346843200008 ER PT J AU Kolda, TG Mayo, JR AF Kolda, Tamara G. Mayo, Jackson R. TI AN ADAPTIVE SHIFTED POWER METHOD FOR COMPUTING GENERALIZED TENSOR EIGENPAIRS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE tensor eigenvalues; E-eigenpairs; Z-eigenpairs; l(2)-eigenpairs; generalized tensor eigenpairs; shifted symmetric higher-order power method; SS-HOPM; generalized eigenproblem adaptive power method; GEAP ID NONNEGATIVE TENSOR; LARGEST EIGENVALUE; SYMMETRIC TENSORS AB Several tensor eigenpair definitions have been put forth in the past decade, but these can all be unified under generalized tensor eigenpair framework, introduced by Chang, Pearson, and Zhang [J. Math. Anal. Appl., 350 (2009), pp. 416-422]. Given mth-order, n-dimensional real-valued symmetric tensors A and B, the goal is to find lambda is an element of R and x is an element of R-n, x not equal 0 such that Ax(m-1) = lambda Bx(m-1). Different choices for B yield different versions of the tensor eigenvalue problem. We present our generalized eigenproblem adaptive power (GEAP) method for solving the problem, which is an extension of the shifted symmetric higher-order power method (SS-HOPM) for finding Z-eigenpairs. A major drawback of SS-HOPM is that its performance depended on choosing an appropriate shift, but our GEAP method also includes an adaptive method for choosing the shift automatically. C1 [Kolda, Tamara G.; Mayo, Jackson R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kolda, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tgkolda@sandia.gov; jmayo@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research & Development program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program and by an excellence award from Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research & Development program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 EI 1095-7162 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1563 EP 1581 DI 10.1137/140951758 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3MJ UT WOS:000346843200016 ER PT J AU Chaudhry, JH Cyr, EC Liu, K Manteuffel, TA Olson, LN Tang, L AF Chaudhry, Jehanzeb Hameed Cyr, Eric C. Liu, Kuo Manteuffel, Thomas A. Olson, Luke N. Tang, Lei TI ENHANCING LEAST-SQUARES FINITE ELEMENT METHODS THROUGH A QUANTITY-OF-INTEREST SO SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE adaptive mesh refinement; least-squares; finite element; error estimation ID ORIENTED ERROR ESTIMATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; CONSERVATION; PDES AB In this paper we introduce an approach that augments least-squares finite element formulations with user-specified quantities-of-interest. The method incorporates the quantity-of-interest into the least-squares functional and inherits the global approximation properties of the standard formulation as well as increased resolution of the quantity-of-interest. We establish theoretical properties such as optimality and enhanced convergence under a set of general assumptions. Central to the approach is that it offers an element-level estimate of the error in the quantity-of-interest. As a result, we introduce an adaptive approach that yields efficient, adaptively refined approximations. Several numerical experiments for a range of situations are presented to support the theory and highlight the effectiveness of our methodology. Notably, the results show that the new approach is effective at improving the accuracy per total computational cost. C1 [Chaudhry, Jehanzeb Hameed] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Cyr, Eric C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Liu, Kuo; Manteuffel, Thomas A.; Tang, Lei] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Olson, Luke N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chaudhry, JH (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jchaudhry@fsu.edu; eccyr@sandia.gov; liukuo99@gmail.com; tmanteuf@colorado.edu; lukeo@illinois.edu; l6tang@gmail.com FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER25574, DE-FC02-06ER25784, DE-SC0005304]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [B568677]; National Science Foundation [DMS-06-21199, DMS-07-49317, DMS-08-11275, DMS-07-46676, CBET-1249858]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0478]; DOE Office of Science ASCR-Applied Mathematics Program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors' research was sponsored by the Department of Energy under grants DE-FG02-03ER25574, DE-FC02-06ER25784, and DE-SC0005304; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract B568677; the National Science Foundation under grants DMS-06-21199, DMS-07-49317, DMS-08-11275, DMS-07-46676, and CBET-1249858; and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-12-1-0478. The authors' research was also supported by the DOE Office of Science ASCR-Applied Mathematics Program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1429 EI 1095-7170 J9 SIAM J NUMER ANAL JI SIAM J. Numer. Anal. PY 2014 VL 52 IS 6 BP 3085 EP 3105 DI 10.1137/13090496X PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3LZ UT WOS:000346842100021 ER PT J AU Aslam, T Luo, ST Zhao, HK AF Aslam, Tariq Luo, Songting Zhao, Hongkai TI A STATIC PDE APPROACH FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL EXTRAPOLATION USING FAST SWEEPING METHODS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE static PDE; multidimensional extrapolation; fast sweeping method ID HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATIONS; LEVEL SET METHOD; GHOST FLUID METHOD; EIKONAL EQUATIONS; FLOWS; ALGORITHMS AB A static partial differential equation (PDE) approach is presented for multidimensional extrapolation under the assumption that a level set function exists which separates the region of known values from the region to be extrapolated. Arbitrary orders of polynomial extrapolation can be obtained through solutions of a series of static linear PDEs. Fast sweeping methods of first and second orders are presented to solve the PDEs for constant, linear, and quadratic extrapolation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the approach. C1 [Aslam, Tariq] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Luo, Songting] Iowa State Univ, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhao, Hongkai] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Math, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Aslam, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM aslam@lanl.gov; luos@iastate.edu; zhao@math.uci.edu OI Aslam, Tariq/0000-0002-4263-0401 FU NSF [DMS-1115698] FX This author's work was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-1115698. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP A2907 EP A2928 DI 10.1137/140956919 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3KR UT WOS:000346838800018 ER PT J AU Damle, A Lin, L Ying, LX AF Damle, Anil Lin, Lin Ying, Lexing TI POLE EXPANSION FOR SOLVING A TYPE OF PARAMETRIZED LINEAR SYSTEMS IN ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE pole expansion; approximation theory; parametrized linear systems; electronic structure calculation ID FUNCTIONAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION ENERGY; MINIMAL RESIDUAL ALGORITHM; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; METALLIC SURFACE; EQUATIONS; APPROXIMATION; TOOLBOX; PHONONS; SOLIDS AB We present a new method for solving parametrized linear systems. Under certain assumptions on the parametrization, solutions to the linear systems for all parameters can be accurately approximated by linear combinations of solutions to linear systems for a small set of fixed parameters. Combined with either direct solvers or preconditioned iterative solvers for each linear system with a fixed parameter, the method is particularly suitable for situations when solutions to a large number of distinct parameters or a large number of right-hand sides are required. The method is also simple to parallelize. We demonstrate the applicability of the method to the calculation of the response functions in electronic structure theory. We demonstrate the numerical performance of the method using a benzene molecule and a DNA molecule. C1 [Damle, Anil; Ying, Lexing] Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lin, Lin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lin, Lin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ying, Lexing] Stanford Univ, Dept Math, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Damle, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM damle@stanford.edu; linlin@math.berkeley.edu; lexing@math.stanford.edu OI Damle, Anil/0000-0002-1711-128X FU NSF fellowship [DGE-1147470]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0846501]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Basic Energy Sciences; Mathematical Multifaceted Integrated Capability Centers (MMICCs) effort within the Applied Mathematics activity of the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Scientific Computing Research program [DE-SC0009409] FX This author's work was supported by NSF fellowship DGE-1147470 and was partially supported by the National Science Foundation grant DMS-0846501.; This author's work was partially supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Basic Energy Sciences.; This author's work was partially supported by National Science Foundation under award DMS-0846501 and by the Mathematical Multifaceted Integrated Capability Centers (MMICCs) effort within the Applied Mathematics activity of the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Scientific Computing Research program, under award DE-SC0009409. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP A2929 EP A2951 DI 10.1137/130944825 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3KR UT WOS:000346838800019 ER PT J AU de Dios, BA Barker, AT Vassilevski, PS AF de Dios, B. Ayuso Barker, A. T. Vassilevski, P. S. TI A COMBINED PRECONDITIONING STRATEGY FOR NONSYMMETRIC SYSTEMS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE preconditioning; nonsymmetric matrices; normal matrix form; additive Schwarz method ID DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN APPROXIMATIONS; DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONERS; DIFFUSION-REACTION PROBLEMS; FINITE-ELEMENT METHODS; OF-VALUES ANALYSIS; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; ITERATIVE METHODS; SCHWARZ METHODS; LEAST-SQUARES; EQUATIONS AB We present and analyze a class of nonsymmetric preconditioners within a normal (weighted least-squares) matrix form for use in GMRES to solve nonsymmetric matrix problems that typically arise in finite element discretizations. An example of the additive Schwarz method applied to nonsymmetric but definite matrices is presented for which the abstract assumptions are verified. A variable preconditioner, combining the original nonsymmetric one and a weighted leastsquares version of it, is shown to be convergent and provides a viable strategy for using nonsymmetric preconditioners in practice. Numerical results are included to assess the theory and the performance of the proposed preconditioners. C1 [de Dios, B. Ayuso] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Matemat, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [de Dios, B. Ayuso] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Comp Elect & Math Sci & Engn Div CEMSE, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Barker, A. T.; Vassilevski, P. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de Dios, BA (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Matemat, Piazza Porta San Donato 5, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM blanca.ayuso@unibo.it; barker29@llnl.gov; panayot@llnl.gov RI Ayuso de Dios, Blanca /C-4716-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Center for Applied Scientific Computing, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 (barker29@llnl.gov,panayot@llnl.gov). The work of these authors was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP A2533 EP A2556 DI 10.1137/120888946 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3KR UT WOS:000346838800002 ER PT J AU Kouri, DP Heinkenschloss, M Ridzal, D Waanders, BGV AF Kouri, D. P. Heinkenschloss, M. Ridzal, D. Waanders, B. G. Van Bloemen TI INEXACT OBJECTIVE FUNCTION EVALUATIONS IN A TRUST-REGION ALGORITHM FOR PDE-CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE PDE-constrained optimization; uncertainty; stochastic collocation; trust regions; sparse grids; adaptivity ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; STOCHASTIC COLLOCATION; GRADIENT INFORMATION; TRILINOS PROJECT; SPARSE GRIDS; INTEGRATION AB This paper improves the trust-region algorithm with adaptive sparse grids introduced in [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 35 (2013), pp. A1847-A1879] for the solution of optimization problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) with uncertain coefficients. The previous algorithm used adaptive sparse-grid discretizations to generate models that are applied in a trust-region framework to generate a trial step. The decision whether to accept this trial step as the new iterate, however, required relatively high-fidelity adaptive discretizations of the objective function. In this paper, we extend the algorithm and convergence theory to allow the use of low-fidelity adaptive sparse-grid models in objective function evaluations. This is accomplished by extending conditions on inexact function evaluations used in previous trust-region frameworks. Our algorithm adaptively builds two separate sparse grids: one to generate optimization models for the step computation and one to approximate the objective function. These adapted sparse grids often contain significantly fewer points than the high-fidelity grids, which leads to a dramatic reduction in the computational cost. This is demonstrated numerically using two examples. Moreover, the numerical results indicate that the new algorithm rapidly identifies the stochastic variables that are relevant to obtaining an accurate optimal solution. When the number of such variables is independent of the dimension of the stochastic space, the algorithm exhibits near dimension-independent behavior. C1 [Kouri, D. P.; Ridzal, D.; Waanders, B. G. Van Bloemen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Heinkenschloss, M.] Rice Univ, Dept Computat & Appl Math, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kouri, DP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dpkouri@sandia.gov; heinken@rice.edu; dridzal@sandia.gov; bartv@sandia.gov FU NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing (ASC) Program; U.S. DOE Office of Science J.H. Wilkinson Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0155]; NSF [DMS-1115345] FX These authors' work was supported by the NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing (ASC) Program. The first author's work was also supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Science J.H. Wilkinson Fellowship. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.; Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1892 (heinken@rice.edu). This author's work was supported in part by AFOSR grant FA9550-12-1- 0155 and by NSF grant DMS-1115345. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP A3011 EP A3029 DI 10.1137/140955665 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3KR UT WOS:000346838800022 ER PT J AU Narayan, A Jakeman, JD AF Narayan, Akil Jakeman, John D. TI ADAPTIVE LEJA SPARSE GRID CONSTRUCTIONS FOR STOCHASTIC COLLOCATION AND HIGH-DIMENSIONAL APPROXIMATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sparse grids; Leja sequences; stochastic collocation ID KRONROD QUADRATURE-RULES; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION; ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIALS; NUMERICAL-METHODS; POINTS; SEQUENCES; REGIONS AB We propose an adaptive sparse grid stochastic collocation approach based upon Leja interpolation sequences for approximation of parameterized functions with high-dimensional parameters. Leja sequences are arbitrarily granular (any number of nodes may be added to a current sequence, producing a new sequence) and thus are a good choice for the univariate composite rule used to construct adaptive sparse grids in high dimensions. When undertaking stochastic collocation one is often interested in constructing weighted approximation where the weights are determined by the probability densities of the random variables. This paper establishes that a certain weighted formulation of one-dimensional Leja sequences produces a sequence of nodes whose empirical distribution converges to the corresponding limiting distribution of the Gauss quadrature nodes associated with the weight function. This property is true even for unbounded domains. We apply the Leja sparse grid approach to several high-dimensional problems and demonstrate that Leja sequences are often superior to more standard sparse grid constructions (e.g., Clenshaw-Curtis), at least for interpolatory metrics. C1 [Narayan, Akil] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Math, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. [Jakeman, John D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Narayan, A (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dept Math, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. EM akil.narayan@umassd.edu; jdjakem@sandia.gov OI Narayan, Akil/0000-0002-5914-4207 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP A2952 EP A2983 DI 10.1137/140966368 PG 32 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3KR UT WOS:000346838800020 ER PT J AU Phillips, EG Elman, HC Cyr, EC Shadid, JN Pawlowski, RP AF Phillips, Edward G. Elman, Howard C. Cyr, Eric C. Shadid, John N. Pawlowski, Roger P. TI A BLOCK PRECONDITIONER FOR AN EXACT PENALTY FORMULATION FOR STATIONARY MHD SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE magnetohydrodynamics; iterative methods; preconditioners ID FINITE-ELEMENT APPROXIMATION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; RESISTIVE MHD; MAGNETO-HYDRODYNAMICS AB The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations are used to model the flow of electrically conducting fluids in such applications as liquid metals and plasmas. This system of non-self- adjoint, nonlinear PDEs couples the Navier-Stokes equations for fluids and Maxwell's equations for electromagnetics. There has been recent interest in fully coupled solvers for the MHD system because they allow for fast steady-state solutions that do not require pseudo-time-stepping. When the fully coupled system is discretized, the strong coupling can make the resulting algebraic systems difficult to solve, requiring effective preconditioning of iterative methods for efficiency. In this work, we consider a finite element discretization of an exact penalty formulation for the stationary MHD equations posed in two-dimensional domains. This formulation has the benefit of implicitly enforcing the divergence-free condition on the magnetic field without requiring a Lagrange multiplier. We consider extending block preconditioning techniques developed for the Navier-Stokes equations to the full MHD system. We analyze operators arising in block decompositions from a continuous perspective and apply arguments based on the existence of approximate commutators to develop new preconditioners that account for the physical coupling. This results in a family of parameterized block preconditioners for both Picard and Newton linearizations. We develop an automated method for choosing the relevant parameters and demonstrate the robustness of these preconditioners for a range of the physical nondimensional parameters and with respect to mesh refinement. C1 [Phillips, Edward G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Phillips, Edward G.] Univ Maryland, Sci Computat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Elman, Howard C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Elman, Howard C.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cyr, Eric C.; Shadid, John N.; Pawlowski, Roger P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phillips, EG (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM egphillips@math.umd.edu; elman@cs.umd.edu; eccyr@sandia.gov; jnshadi@sandia.gov; rppawlo@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0009301]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMS1115317] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0009301 and the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant DMS1115317. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP B930 EP B951 DI 10.1137/140955082 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3KR UT WOS:000346838800026 ER PT J AU Falgout, RD Friedhoff, S Kolev, TV Maclachlan, SP Schroder, JB AF Falgout, R. D. Friedhoff, S. Kolev, Tz. V. Maclachlan, S. P. Schroder, J. B. TI PARALLEL TIME INTEGRATION WITH MULTIGRID SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE parabolic problems; reduction-based multigrid; multigrid-in-time; parareal ID ALGEBRAIC MULTILEVEL METHODS; ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SPECTRAL DEFERRED CORRECTIONS; INITIAL-VALUE PROBLEMS; NONSYMMETRIC SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; PARAREAL; SOLVER; PDES AB We consider optimal-scaling multigrid solvers for the linear systems that arise from the discretization of problems with evolutionary behavior. Typically, solution algorithms for evolution equations are based on a time-marching approach, solving sequentially for one time step after the other. Parallelism in these traditional time-integration techniques is limited to spatial parallelism. However, current trends in computer architectures are leading toward systems with more, but not faster, processors. Therefore, faster compute speeds must come from greater parallelism. One approach to achieving parallelism in time is with multigrid, but extending classical multigrid methods for elliptic operators to this setting is not straightforward. In this paper, we present a nonintrusive, optimal-scaling time-parallel method based on multigrid reduction (MGR). We demonstrate optimality of our multigrid-reduction-in-time algorithm (MGRIT) for solving diffusion equations in two and three space dimensions in numerical experiments. Furthermore, through both parallel performance models and actual parallel numerical results, we show that we can achieve significant speedup in comparison to sequential time marching on modern architectures. C1 [Falgout, R. D.; Kolev, Tz. V.; Schroder, J. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Friedhoff, S.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Comp Sci, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Maclachlan, S. P.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Math & Stat, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. RP Falgout, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rfalgout@llnl.gov; stephanie.friedhoff@alumni.tufts.edu; tzanio@llnl.gov; smaclachlan@mun.ca; schroder2@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-645325)] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-645325). The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2014 VL 36 IS 6 BP C635 EP C661 DI 10.1137/130944230 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA AX3KR UT WOS:000346838800031 ER PT S AU Cosyn, W Guzey, V Higinbotham, DW Hyde, C Kuhn, S Nadel-Turonski, P Park, K Sargsian, M Strikman, M Weiss, C AF Cosyn, W. Guzey, V. Higinbotham, D. W. Hyde, C. Kuhn, S. Nadel-Turonski, P. Park, K. Sargsian, M. Strikman, M. Weiss, C. GP IOP TI Neutron spin structure with polarized deuterons and spectator proton tagging at ETC SO 1ST TENSOR POLARIZED SOLID TARGET WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Tensor Polarized Solid Target Workshop CY MAR 10-12, 2014 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VI SP Univ New Hampshire, Jefferson Sci Associates, Florida Int Univ, Jefferson Lab HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil ID NUCLEI AB The neutron's deep inelastic structure functions provide essential information for the flavor separation of the nucleon parton densities, the nucleon spin decomposition, and precision studies of QCD phenomena in the flavor singlet and nonsinglet sectors. Traditional inclusive measurements on nuclear targets are limited by dilution from scattering on protons, Fermi motion and binding effects, final state interactions, and nuclear shadowing at x << 0.1. An Electron Ion Collider (EIC) would enable next generation measurements of neutron structure with polarized deuteron beams and detection of forward moving spectator protons over a wide range of recoil momenta (0 < p(R) < several 100 MeV in the nucleus rest frame). The free neutron structure functions could be obtained by extrapolating the measured recoil momentum distributions to the on-shell point. The method eliminates nuclear modifications and can be applied to polarized scattering, as well as to semi-inclusive and exclusive final states. We review the prospects for neutron structure measurements with spectator tagging at EIC, the status of R&D efforts, and the accelerator and detector requirements. C1 [Cosyn, W.] Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Guzey, V.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina R-188300, Russia. [Higinbotham, D. W.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Weiss, C.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Hyde, C.; Kuhn, S.; Park, K.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Sargsian, M.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Strikman, M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Cosyn, W (reprint author), Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM weiss@jlab.org FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-ACO5-060R23177]; Research Foundation Flanders; LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-ACO5060R23177] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-ACO5-060R23177. W Cosyn is supported by Research Foundation Flanders. Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-ACO5060R23177. The U.S. Government retains a non exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 543 AR UNSP 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/543/1/012007 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8EL UT WOS:000346474000007 ER PT S AU Smith, G AF Smith, G. GP IOP TI Tensor Target Polarization at TRIUMF SO 1ST TENSOR POLARIZED SOLID TARGET WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Tensor Polarized Solid Target Workshop CY MAR 10-12, 2014 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VI SP Univ New Hampshire, Jefferson Sci Associates, Florida Int Univ, Jefferson Lab HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil ID D ELASTIC-SCATTERING; PI-D SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER; DIBARYON RESONANCES; DEUTERON SCATTERING; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; T20; OBSERVABLES; TAU-21; IT11 AB The first measurements of tensor observables in pi(d) over right arrow scattering experiments were performed in the mid-80's at TRIUMF, and later at SIN/PSI. The full suite of tensor observables accessible in pi(d) over right arrow elastic scattering were measured: T-20, T-21 and T-22. The vector analyzing power iT(11) was also measured. These results led to a better understanding of the three-body theory used to describe this reaction. A direct measurement of the target tensor polarization was also made independent of the usual NMR techniques by exploiting the (nearly) model-independent result for the tensor analyzing power at 90 degrees(cm) in the pi(d) over right arrow -> 2p reaction. This method was also used to check efforts to enhance the tensor polarization by RF burning of the NMR spectrum. A brief description of the methods developed to measure and analyze these experiments is provided. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Smith, G (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM smithg@jlab.org NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 543 AR UNSP 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/543/1/012014 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8EL UT WOS:000346474000014 ER PT S AU Wood, SA AF Wood, S. A. GP IOP TI Systematic Errors in measurement of b(1) SO 1ST TENSOR POLARIZED SOLID TARGET WORKSHOP SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Tensor Polarized Solid Target Workshop CY MAR 10-12, 2014 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VI SP Univ New Hampshire, Jefferson Sci Associates, Florida Int Univ, Jefferson Lab HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil AB A class of spin observables can be obtained from the relative difference of or asymmetry between cross sections of different spin states of beam or target particles. Such observables have the advantage that the normalization factors needed to calculate absolute cross sections from yields often divide out or cancel to a large degree in constructing asymmetries. However, normalization factors can change with time, giving different normalization factors for different target or beam spin states, leading to systematic errors in asymmetries in addition to those determined from statistics. Rapidly flipping spin orientation, such as what is routinely done with polarized beams, can significantly reduce the impact of these normalization fluctuations and drifts. Target spin orientations typically require minutes to hours to change, versus fractions of a second for beams, making systematic errors for observables based on target spin flips more difficult to control. Such systematic errors from normalization drifts are discussed in the context of the proposed measurement of the deuteron b(1) structure function at Jefferson Lab. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wood, SA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM saw@jlab.org NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 543 AR UNSP 012012 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/543/1/012012 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8EL UT WOS:000346474000012 ER PT S AU Dastmalchi, B Isic, G Jakovljevic, M Bergmair, I Hingerl, K Soukoulis, CM AF Dastmalchi, Babak Isic, Goran Jakovljevic, Milka Bergmair, Iris Hingerl, Kurt Soukoulis, Costas M. BE Jaworski, M Marciniak, M TI Surface Plasmon Polaritons and Negative Refraction in Fishnet Metamaterial SO 2014 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS (ICTON) SE International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks-ICTON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) CY JUL 06-10, 2014 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP IEEE, IEEE Photon Soc, Light Tec, Agilent Technologies, Cerebra InformationsSysteme GmbH, IEEE Austria Sect, Inst Engn & Technol, Natl Inst Telecommunicat, IIIE Media Event, ML11, GRAZ, Osterreichischer Verband Elektrotechnik, IEEE Photon Soc, Raiffeisen Meine Bank, GRAZ Stadt, Graz Univ Technology, TEST AB Surface plasmon polaritons (SPP), supporting sub-wavelength confinement of light [1], enable a great potential for nanophotonic applications. SPP modes of flat interfaces, such as insulator-metal-insulator (IMI), and MIM geometries have been well investigated, however, more complicated structures used in metamaterial design need further exploration. In this work we characterize electromagnetic response of a fishnet metamaterial in analogy with the SPP modes of an IMIMI structure and associate its lowest order internal SPP mode to the so-called negative refractive response of the fishnet. The sample, fabricated using nano-imprint lithography, is comprised of 40-20-40 nm sandwich of Ag-SiO2-Ag layers on a glass substrate, and perforated by a P = 200 nm period square array of holes. Inset of Fig. 1b schematically shows the experimental setup. The wave-vector of the incident polarized light k(i) is defined by the angle of incidence relative to the z-axis (.). In order to measure inplane dispersion of the fishnet Bloch SPPs, k(parallel to) is swept along the G-X direction of the1st Brillouin zone, by varying theta. Figure 1 shows the measured band-structure of the fishnet, mapped by varying theta from 0 degrees to 80 degrees with 2 degrees increments. SPP modes of the corresponding IMIMI geometry folded to the first Brillouin zone of the fishnet lattice are superimposed as dotted lines. Where, eSPP1(m, n) and eSPP2(m, n), represent the external SPP modes at the substrate and air interfaces, respectively, while iSPP1(m, n) shows the internal SPP resonances confined in the SiO2 spacer region. The calculated values of average electric field magnitudes at cross sections between the holes (orange areas in the inset of Fig. 1) show a strong correlation between resonant field enhancement and features in the transmittance spectra. The modes labelled as iSPP1(-1,0), iSPP1(1,0) and iSPP1(-1,+/- 1) show a significant field enhancement within the gap region, while, eSPP1, and eSPP2 have their peaks at the substrate and air side respectively, confirming the relation of Bloch SPPs with matching folded IMIMI SPPs. The significantly increased confinement and field enhancement is the specific of fishnet gap plasmon inherited from the MIM SPPs [2], and absent in the conventional EOT [3]. Of particular interest is the lowest frequency negative dispersion mode, iSPP1(-1,0), which has the highest field enhancement accompanied by a strongly backward power flux < S-x >. This mode is usually associated with negative effective index of refraction at normal incidence. In conclusion, we have observed the geometrically designed dispersion of fishnet SPPs, and pointed out their distinct features. In particular, backward gap plasmons lead to negative refraction. Keywords: plasmonics, metamaterials, nano-imprint lithography. C1 [Dastmalchi, Babak; Soukoulis, Costas M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dastmalchi, Babak; Soukoulis, Costas M.] Inst Electron Struct & Lasers IESL, Iraklion 71110, Greece. [Isic, Goran; Jakovljevic, Milka] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys, Belgrade 11000, Serbia. [Bergmair, Iris] PROFACTOR GmbH, Funct Surfaces & Nanostruct, A-4407 Steyr Gleink, Austria. [Hingerl, Kurt] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Ctr Surface & Nanoanalyt, A-4040 Linz, Austria. RP Dastmalchi, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM babakds@ameslab.gov RI Dastmalchi, Babak/C-9050-2013 OI Dastmalchi, Babak/0000-0002-2701-3712 FU EC FP7 [228637] FX This work was funded by the EC FP7 Project NIM NIL (grant agreement No. 228637). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-7339 BN 978-1-4799-5601-2 J9 INT C TRANS OPT NETW PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB8GC UT WOS:000346516400098 ER PT S AU Das, S Roelofs, A AF Das, Saptarshi Roelofs, Andreas GP IEEE TI Electrostatically Doped WSe2 CMOS Inverter SO 2014 72ND ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) SE IEEE Device Research Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 72nd Annual Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 22-25, 2014 CL Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO Univ Calif C1 [Das, Saptarshi; Roelofs, Andreas] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM das@anl.gov; aroelofs@anl.gov RI Roelofs, Andreas/H-1742-2011 OI Roelofs, Andreas/0000-0003-4141-3082 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3770 BN 978-1-4799-5406-3 J9 IEEE DEVICE RES CONF PY 2014 BP 185 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB8CE UT WOS:000346309800085 ER PT S AU Aktulga, HM Buluc, A Williams, S Yang, C AF Aktulga, Hasan Metin Buluc, Aydin Williams, Samuel Yang, Chao GP IEEE TI Optimizing Sparse Matrix-Multiple Vectors Multiplication for Nuclear Configuration Interaction Calculations SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Sparse Matrix Multiplication; Block Eigensolver; Nuclear Configuration Interaction; Extended Roofline Model AB Obtaining highly accurate predictions on the properties of light atomic nuclei using the configuration interaction (CI) approach requires computing a few extremal eigenpairs of the many-body nuclear Hamiltonian matrix. In the Many-body Fermion Dynamics for nuclei (MFDn) code, a block eigensolver is used for this purpose. Due to the large size of the sparse matrices involved, a significant fraction of the time spent on the eigenvalue computations is associated with the multiplication of a sparse matrix (and the transpose of that matrix) with multiple vectors (SpMM and SpMM_T). Existing implementations of SpMM and SpMM_T significantly underperform expectations. Thus, in this paper, we present and analyze optimized implementations of SpMM and SpMM_T. We base our implementation on the compressed sparse blocks (CSB) matrix format and target systems with multi-core architectures. We develop a performance model that allows us to understand and estimate the performance characteristics of our SpMM kernel implementations, and demonstrate the efficiency of our implementation on a series of real-world matrices extracted from MFDn. In particular, we obtain 3-4x speedup on the requisite operations over good implementations based on the commonly used compressed sparse row (CSR) matrix format. The improvements in the SpMM kernel suggest we may attain roughly a 40% speed up in the overall execution time of the block eigensolver used in MFDn. C1 [Aktulga, Hasan Metin; Buluc, Aydin; Williams, Samuel; Yang, Chao] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aktulga, HM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmaktulga@lbl.gov; abuluc@lbl.gov; swwilliams@lbl.gov; cyang@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.125 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300113 ER PT S AU Ballard, G Demmel, J Grigori, L Jacquelin, M Nguyen, HD Solomonik, E AF Ballard, Grey Demmel, James Grigori, Laura Jacquelin, Mathias Nguyen, Hong Diep Solomonik, Edgar GP IEEE TI Reconstructing Householder Vectors from Tall-Skinny QR SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID COLLECTIVE COMMUNICATION; WY REPRESENTATION; PARALLEL AB The Tall-Skinny QR (TSQR) algorithm is more communication efficient than the standard Householder algorithm for QR decomposition of matrices with many more rows than columns. However, TSQR produces a different representation of the orthogonal factor and therefore requires more software development to support the new representation. Further, implicitly applying the orthogonal factor to the trailing matrix in the context of factoring a square matrix is more complicated and costly than with the Householder representation. We show how to perform TSQR and then reconstruct the Householder vector representation with the same asymptotic communication efficiency and little extra computational cost. We demonstrate the high performance and numerical stability of this algorithm both theoretically and empirically. The new Householder reconstruction algorithm allows us to design more efficient parallel QR algorithms, with significantly lower latency cost compared to Householder QR and lower bandwidth and latency costs compared with Communication-Avoiding QR (CAQR) algorithm. As a result, our final parallel QR algorithm outperforms ScaLAPACK and Elemental implementations of Householder QR and our implementation of CAQR on the Hopper Cray XE6 NERSC system. We also provide algorithmic improvements to the ScaLAPACK and CAQR algorithms. C1 [Ballard, Grey] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Demmel, James; Nguyen, Hong Diep; Solomonik, Edgar] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grigori, Laura] INRIA Paris Rocquencourt, Paris, France. [Jacquelin, Mathias] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Ballard, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gmballa@sandia.gov; demmel@cs.berkeley.edu; laura.grigori@inria.fr; mjacquelin@lbl.gov; hdnguyen@cs.berkeley.edu; solomon@cs.berkeley.edu FU Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship [DE-F002-971:R25308]; Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering; Sandia Corporation; Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Office of Science of the U.S. Department at linorgy [DE-ACO2-05C1411231]; DOE [DE-SC0004938, DE-SC0005136, 13E-SC0003959, 13E-SC0008700, 13E-SC0010200, ACO2- 05C1111231]; DARPA [HR0011-12-2-0016] FX We would like to thank Yusaku Yamamoto for sharing his slides from SIAM ALA 2012 with us. We also thank Jack Poulson for help configuring Elemental. Solomonik was supported by a Department of Energy Computational Science Graduate Fellowship. grant number DE-F002-971:R25308. Ballard was supported in part by an appointment to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned sub-sidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department at linorgy under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05C1411231. We also acknowledge DOE grants DE-SC0004938. DE-SC0005136, 13E-SC0003959. 13E-SC0008700. 13E-SC0010200. ACO2- 05C1111231, and DARPA grant HR0011-12-2-0016 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.120 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300108 ER PT S AU Casas, M Bronevetsky, G AF Casas, Marc Bronevetsky, Greg GP IEEE TI Active Measurement of Memory Resource Consumption SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE AB Hierarchical memory is a cornerstone of modern hardware design because it provides high memory performance and capacity at a low cost. However, the use of multiple levels of memory and complex cache management policies makes it very difficult to optimize the performance of applications running on hierarchical memories. As the number of compute cores per chip continues to rise faster than the total amount of available memory, applications will become increasingly starved for memory storage capacity and bandwidth, making the problem of performance optimization even more critical. We propose a new methodology for measuring and modeling the performance of hierarchical memories in terms of the application's utilization of the key memory resources: capacity of a given memory level and bandwidth between two levels. This is done by actively interfering with the application's use of these resources. The application's sensitivity to reduced resource availability is measured by observing the effect of interference on application performance. The resulting resource-oriented model of performance both greatly simplifies application performance analysis and makes it possible to predict an application's performance when running with various resource constraints. This is useful to predict performance for future memory-constrained architectures. C1 [Casas, Marc] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Jordi Girona 29,Nexus 2 Bldg, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Casas, M (reprint author), Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Jordi Girona 29,Nexus 2 Bldg, Barcelona 08034, Spain. OI Casas, Marc/0000-0003-4564-2093 FU European Research Council under the European Union's 7th FP [321253]; Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy; United States Government; Department of Energy Office of Science [NA27344] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's 7th FP (FP/20072013) / ERC GA n. 321253. This article has been authored in part by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. This work was partially supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science (Advanced Scientific Computing Research) Early Career Grant, award number NA27344. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.105 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300093 ER PT S AU Casas, M Bronevetsky, G AF Casas, Marc Bronevetsky, Greg GP IEEE TI Active Measurement of the Impact of Network Switch Utilization on Application Performance SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID DESIGN AB Inter-node networks are a key capability of High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems that differentiates them from less capable classes of machines. However, in spite of their very high performance, the increasing computational power of HPC compute nodes and the associated rise in application communication needs make network performance a common performance bottleneck. To achieve high performance in spite of network limitations application developers require tools to measure their applications' network utilization and inform them about how the network's communication capacity relates to the performance of their applications. This paper presents a new performance measurement and analysis methodology based on empirical measurements of network behavior. Our approach uses two benchmarks that inject extra network communication. The first probes the fraction of the network that is utilized by a software component (an application or an individual task) to determine the existence and severity of network contention. The second aggressively injects network traffic while a software component runs to evaluate its performance on less capable networks or when it shares the network with other software components. We then combine the information from the two types of experiments to predict the performance slowdown experienced by multiple software components (e.g. multiple processes of a single MPI application) when they share a single network. Our methodology is applied to individual network switches and demonstrated taking 6 representative HPC applications and predicting the performance slowdowns of the 36 possible application pairs. The average error of our predictions is less than 10%. C1 [Casas, Marc] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, 29 Nexus II Bldg, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Casas, M (reprint author), Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, 29 Nexus II Bldg, Barcelona 08034, Spain. OI Casas, Marc/0000-0003-4564-2093 FU European Research Council [FP/20072013]; Department of Energy Office of Science [NA27344] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's 7th FP (FP/20072013)/ ERC GA n. 321253. This article has been authored in part by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this article or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. This work was partially supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science (Advanced Scientific Computing Research) Early Career Grant, award number NA27344. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.28 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300016 ER PT S AU Di, S Bouguerra, MS Bautista-gomez, L Cappello, F AF Di, Sheng Bouguerra, Mohamed Slim Bautista-gomez, Leonardo Cappello, Franck GP IEEE TI Optimization of Multi-level Checkpoint Model for Large Scale HPC Applications SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID INTERVAL AB HPC community projects that future extreme scale systems will be much less stable than current Petascale systems, thus requiring sophisticated fault tolerance to guarantee the completion of large scale numerical computations. Execution failures may occur due to multiple factors with different scales, from transient uncorrectable memory errors localized in processes to massive system outages. Multi-level checkpoint/restart is a promising model that provides an elastic response to tolerate different types of failures. It stores checkpoints at different levels: e.g., local memory, remote memory, using a software RAID, local SSD, remote file system. In this paper, we respond to two open questions: 1) how to optimize the selection of checkpoint levels based on failure distributions observed in a system, 2) how to compute the optimal checkpoint intervals for each of these levels. The contribution is threefold. (1) We build a mathematical model to fit the multilevel checkpoint/restart mechanism with large scale applications regarding various types of failures. (2) We theoretically optimize the entire execution performance for each parallel application by selecting the best checkpoint level combination and corresponding checkpoint intervals. (3) We characterize checkpoint overheads on different checkpoint levels in a real cluster environment, and evaluate our optimal solutions using both simulation with millions of cores and real environment with real-world MPI programs running on hundreds of cores. Experiments show that optimized selections of levels associated with optimal checkpoint intervals at each level outperforms other state-of-the-art solutions by 5-50 percent. C1 [Di, Sheng; Bouguerra, Mohamed Slim] INRIA, Paris, France. [Di, Sheng; Bouguerra, Mohamed Slim; Bautista-gomez, Leonardo; Cappello, Franck] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA. RP Di, S (reprint author), INRIA, Paris, France. EM sheng.di@inria.fr; slim.bouguerra@imag.fr; leobago@mcs.anl.gov; cappello@mcs.anl.gov FU PRACE First implementation Phase; AMFT [RI-261557]; GENCI; Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program; Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DEACO2-06CH11357]; ANR RESCUE; INRIA-Illinois Joint Laboratory for Petascale Computing FX This work was supported by PRACE First implementation Phase (PRACE-1IP) as the AMFT prototype under contract RI-261557 and by GENCI, also in part by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DEACO2-06CH11357, and by the ANR RESCUE, ANR G8 ECS projects and the INRIA-Illinois Joint Laboratory for Petascale Computing. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300110 ER PT S AU Djidjev, H Thulasidasan, S Chapuis, G Andonov, R Lavenier, D AF Djidjev, Hristo Thulasidasan, Sunil Chapuis, Guillaume Andonov, Rumen Lavenier, Dominique GP IEEE TI Efficient Multi-GPU Computation of All-Pairs Shortest Paths; SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID ALGORITHMS; GRAPHS AB We describe a new algorithm for solving the all-pairs shortest-path (APSP) problem for planar graphs and graphs with small separators that exploits the massive on-chip parallelism available in today's Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Our algorithm, based on the Floyd-Warshall algorithm, has near optimal complexity in terms of the total number of operations, while its matrix-based structure is regular enough to allow for efficient parallel implementation on the GPUs. By applying a divide-and-conquer approach, we are able to make use of multi-node GPU clusters, resulting in more than an order of magnitude speedup over the fastest known Dijkstra-based GPU implementation and a two-fold speedup over a parallel Dijkstra-based CPU implementation. C1 [Djidjev, Hristo; Thulasidasan, Sunil] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chapuis, Guillaume; Andonov, Rumen; Lavenier, Dominique] Univ Rennes 1, INRIA IRISA, F-35014 Rennes, France. RP Djidjev, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djidjev@lanl.gov; sunil@lanl.gov; guillaume.chapuis@irisa.fr; rumen.andonov@irisa.fr; dominique.lavenier@irisa.fr NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.46 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300034 ER PT S AU Dong, TX Dobrev, V Kolev, T Rieben, R Tomov, S Dongarra, J AF Dong, Tingxing Dobrev, Veselin Kolev, Tzanio Rieben, Robert Tomov, Stanimire Dongarra, Jack GP IEEE TI A Step towards Energy Efficient Computing: Redesigning A Hydrodynamic Application on CPU-GPU SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE GPU; hydrodynamics; Power; Energy; FEM AB Power and energy consumption are becoming an increasing concern in high performance computing. Compared to multi-core CPUs, GPUs have a much better performance per watt. In this paper we discuss efforts to redesign the most computation intensive parts of BLAST, an application that solves the equations for compressible hydrodynamics with high order finite elements, using GPUs [10, 1]. In order to exploit the hardware parallelism of GPUs and achieve high performance, we implemented custom linear algebra kernels. We intensively optimized our CUDA kernels by exploiting the memory hierarchy, which exceed the vendor's library routines substantially in performance. We proposed an autotuning technique to adapt our CUDA kernels to the orders of the finite element method. Compared to a previous base implementation, our redesign and optimization lowered the energy consumption of the GPU in two aspects: 60% less time to solution and 10% less power required. Compared to the CPU-only solution, our GPU accelerated BLAST obtained a 2.5x overall speedup and 1.42x energy efficiency (greenup) using 4th order (Q4) finite elements, and a 1.9x speedup and 1.27x greenup using 2nd order (Q2) finite elements. C1 [Dong, Tingxing; Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dobrev, Veselin; Kolev, Tzanio; Rieben, Robert] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dong, TX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tdong@eecs.utk.edu; dobrev1@llnl.gov; kolev1@llnl.gov; rieben1@llnl.gov; tomov@eecs.utk.edu; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu FU DOE [DE-ACO5000R22725]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [E-AC5207NA27344, LLNL-CONF-607852] FX Implementations were done during an internship at LLNL. Some optimizations were done at University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The authors thank Barry Rountree for providing the CPU power graph. The authors would like to thank the NSF and NVIDIA for supporting. The authors thank the testing support of the Performance End Station PEAC Project sponsored by DOE under Contract No. DE-ACO5000R22725. A portion of this work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC5207NA27344, LLNL-CONF-607852. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.103 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300091 ER PT S AU Dorier, M Antoniu, G Ross, R Kimpe, D Ibrahim, S AF Dorier, Maahieu Antoniu, Gabriel Ross, Rob Kimpe, Dries Ibrahim, Shadi GP IEEE TI CALCioM: Mitigating I/O Interference in HPC Systems through Cross-Application Coordination SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Exascale I/O; Parallel File Systems; Cross-Application Contention; Interference; CALCioM AB Unmatched computation and storage performance in new HPC systems have led to a plethora of I/O optimizations ranging from application-side collective I/O to network and disk-level request scheduling on the file system side. As we deal with ever larger machines, the interference produced by multiple applications accessing a shared parallel file system in a concurrent manner becomes a major problem. Interference often breaks single-application I/O optimizations, dramatically degrading application I/O performance and, as a result, lowering machine wide efficiency. This paper focuses on CALCioM, a framework that aims to mitigate I/O interference through the dynamic selection of appropriate scheduling policies. CALCioM allows several applications running on a supercomputer to communicate and coordinate their I/O strategy in order to avoid interfering with one another. In this work, we examine four I/O strategies that can be accommodated in this framework: serializing, interrupting, interfering and coordinating. Experiments on Argonne's BG/P Surveyor machine and on several clusters of the French Grid' 5000 show how CALCioM can be used to efficiently and transparently improve the scheduling strategy between two otherwise interfering applications, given specified metrics of machine wide efficiency. C1 [Dorier, Maahieu] ENS Cachan Brittany, IRISA, Rennes, France. [Antoniu, Gabriel; Ibrahim, Shadi] INRIA, Rennes Bretagne Atlant, Rennes, France. [Ross, Rob; Kimpe, Dries] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dorier, M (reprint author), ENS Cachan Brittany, IRISA, Rennes, France. EM matthieu.dorier@irisa.fr; gabriel.antoniu@inria.fr; rross@mcs.anl.gov; dkimpe@mcs.anl.gov; shadi.ibrahim@inria.fr FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Science [DE-ACO2-06C1111357] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06C1111357. It as done in the framework of a collaboration between the KerData INRIA-INSA-ENS Relines team and Argonne National Lab within the Joint EVRIA-UIUC-ANL Laboratory for Petascale Computing. We also thank Michel Raynal for our fruitful discussion on mutex algorithms, Rob Lailiam and Me PMES2 and Mpich developers l'or iheir help in understanding their tools. Part of the experiments were carried out using the Grid5000/ALADDEV-G5K experimental testbed (see hfip://www.grid5000.f.r/). NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.27 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300015 ER PT S AU Elliott, J Hoemmen, M Mueller, F AF Elliott, James Hoemmen, Mark Mueller, Frank GP IEEE TI Evaluating the Impact of SDC on the GMRES Iterative Solver SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID ALGORITHM AB Increasing parallelism and transistor density, along with increasingly tighter energy and peak power constraints, may force exposure of occasionally incorrect computation or storage to application codes. Silent data corruption (SDC) will likely be infrequent, yet one SDC suffices to make numerical algorithms like iterative linear solvers cease progress towards the correct answer. Thus, we focus on resilience of the iterative linear solver GMRES to a single transient SDC. We derive inexpensive checks to detect the effects of an SDC in GMRES that work for a more general SDC model than presuming a bit flip. Our experiments show that when GMRES is used as the inner solver of an inner-outer iteration, it can "run through" SDC of almost any magnitude in the computationally intensive orthogonalization phase. That is, it gets the right answer using faulty data without any required roll back. Those SDCs which it cannot run through, get caught by our detection scheme. C1 [Elliott, James; Mueller, Frank] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Elliott, James; Hoemmen, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Elliott, J (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. FU NSF [1058779, 0958311]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research; National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by grants from NSF (awards 1058779 and 0958311) and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, under Program Manager Dr. Karen Pao. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.123 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300111 ER PT S AU Guan, Q DeBardeleben, N Blanchard, S Fu, S AF Guan, Qiang DeBardeleben, Nathan Blanchard, Sean Fu, Song GP IEEE TI F-SEFI: A Fine-grained Soft Error Fault Injection Tool for Profiling Application Vulnerability SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE soft error; fault injection; resilience; vulnerability; High Performance Computing AB As the high performance computing (HPC) community continues to push towards exascale computing, resilience remains a serious challenge. With the expected decrease of both feature size and operating voltage, we expect a significant increase in hardware soft errors. HPC applications of today are only affected by soft errors to a small degree but we expect that this will become a more serious issue as HPC systems grow. We propose F-SEFI, a Fine-grained Soft Error Fault Injector, as a tool for profiling software robustness against soft errors. In this paper we utilize soft error injection to mimic the impact of errors on logic circuit behavior. Leveraging the open source virtual machine hypervisor QEMU, F-SEFI enables users to modify emulated machine instructions to introduce soft errors. F-SEFI can control what application, which sub-function, when and how to inject soft errors with different granularities, without interference to other applications that share the same environment. F-SEFI does this without requiring revisions to the application source code, compilers or operating systems. We discuss the design constraints for F-SEFI and the specifics of our implementation. We demonstrate use cases of F-SEFI on several benchmark applications to show how data corruption can propagate to incorrect results. C1 [Guan, Qiang; DeBardeleben, Nathan; Blanchard, Sean] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fu, Song] Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Denton, TX USA. RP Guan, Q (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qguan@lanl.gov; ndebard@lanl.gov; seanb@lanl.gov; Song.Fu@unt.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was performed at the Ultrascale Systems Research Center (USRC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract AC52-06NA25396. The publication has been assigned the LANL identifier LA-UR-13-27912. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.128 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300116 ER PT S AU Huang, J Zhang, XC Eisenhauer, G Schwan, K Wolf, M Ethier, S Klasky, S AF Huang, Jian Zhang, Xuechen Eisenhauer, Greg Schwan, Karsten Wolf, Matthew Ethier, Stephane Klasky, Scott GP IEEE TI Scibox: Online Sharing of Scientific Data via the Cloud SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Cloud Storage; Data Sharing; Scientific Data AB Collaborative science demands global sharing of scientific data. But it cannot leverage universally accessible cloud-based infrastructures like DropBox, as those offer limited interfaces and inadequate levels of access bandwidth. We present the Scibox cloud facility for online sharing scientific data. It uses standard cloud storage solutions, but offers a usage model in which high end codes can write/read data to/from the cloud via the APIs they already use for their I/O actions. With Scibox, data upload/download volumes are controlled via D(ata)R(eduction)-functions stated by end users and applied at the data source, before data is moved, with further gains in efficiency obtained by combining DR-functions to move exactly what is needed by current data consumers. We evaluate Scibox with science applications and their representative data analytics - the GTS fusion and the combustion image processing - demonstrating the potential for ubiquitous data access with substantial reductions in network traffic. C1 [Huang, Jian; Zhang, Xuechen; Eisenhauer, Greg; Schwan, Karsten; Wolf, Matthew] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ethier, Stephane] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Klasky, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Huang, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jhuang95@cc.gatech.edu; xczhang@cc.gatech.edu; eisen@cc.gatech.edu; schwan@cc.gatech.edu; mwolf@cc.gatech.edu; ethier@pppl.gov; klasky@ornl.gov FU Intel Science and Technology Center; Department of Energy FX This was funded in part by the Cloud Computing Intel Science and Technology Center (Cloud ISTC) and by the Department of Energy under the SIDAV SciDac for Data Analytics and Visualization. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.26 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300014 ER PT S AU Ibrahim, KZ Hargrov, P Iancu, C Yelick, K AF Ibrahim, Khaled Z. Hargrov, Paul Iancu, Costin Yelick, Katherine GP IEEE TI An Evaluation of One-Sided and Two-Sided Communication Paradigms on Relaxed-Ordering Interconnect SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID DESIGN; MPI AB The Cray Gemini interconnect hardware provides multiple transfer mechanisms and out-of-order message delivery to improve communication throughput. In this paper we quantify the performance of one-sided and two-sided communication paradigms with respect to: 1) the optimal available hardware transfer mechanism; 2) message ordering constraints; 3) per node and per core message concurrency. In addition to using Cray native communication APIs, we use UPC and MPI micro-benchmarks to capture one-and two-sided semantics respectively. Our results indicate that relaxing the message delivery order can improve performance up to 4.6x when compared with strict ordering. When hardware allows it, high-level one-sided programming models can already take advantage of message reordering. Enforcing the ordering semantics of two-sided communication comes with a performance penalty. Furthermore, we argue that exposing out-oforder delivery at the application level is required for the next-generation programming models. Any ordering constraints in the language specifications reduce communication performance for small messages and increase the number of active cores required for peak throughput. C1 [Ibrahim, Khaled Z.; Hargrov, Paul; Iancu, Costin; Yelick, Katherine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ibrahim, KZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kzibrahim@lbl.gov; phhargrove@lbl.gov; cciancu@lbl.gov; kayelick@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.116 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300104 ER PT S AU Lee, SY Li, D Vetter, JS AF Lee, Seyong Li, Dong Vetter, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Interactive Program Debugging and Optimization for Directive-Based, Efficient GPU Computing SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE interactive debugging; performance optimization; directive programming; GPU; OpenACC; OpenARC AB Directive-based GPU programming models are gaining momentum, since they transparently relieve programmers from dealing with complexity of low-level GPU programming, which often reflects the underlying architecture. However, too much abstraction in directive models puts a significant burden on programmers for debugging applications and tuning performance. In this paper, we propose a directive-based, interactive program debugging and optimization system. This system enables intuitive and synergistic interaction among programmers, compilers, and runtimes for more productive and efficient GPU computing. We have designed and implemented a series of prototype tools within our new open source compiler framework, called Open Accelerator Research Compiler (OpenARC); OpenARC supports the full feature set of OpenACC V1.0. Our evaluation on twelve OpenACC benchmarks demonstrates that our prototype debugging and optimization system can detect a variety of translation errors. Additionally, the optimization provided by our prototype minimizes memory transfers, when compared to a fully manual memory management scheme. C1 [Lee, Seyong; Li, Dong; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lees2@ornl.gov; lid1@ornl.gov; vetter@computer.org NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.57 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300045 ER PT S AU Manne, F Halappanavar, M AF Manne, Fredrik Halappanavar, Mahantesh GP IEEE TI New Effective Multithreaded Matching Algorithms SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Multi-core; weighted matching; approximation algorithms ID APPROXIMATION ALGORITHM AB Matching is an important combinatorial problem with a number of applications in areas such as community detection, sparse linear algebra, and network alignment. Since computing optimal matchings can be very time consuming, several fast approximation algorithms, both sequential and parallel, have been suggested. Common to the algorithms giving the best solutions is that they tend to be sequential by nature, while algorithms more suitable for parallel computation give solutions of lower quality. We present a new simple 1/2 -approximation algorithm for the weighted matching problem. This algorithm is both faster than any other suggested sequential 1/2 -approximation algorithm on almost all inputs and when parallelized also scales better than previous multithreaded algorithms. We further extend this to a general scalable multithreaded algorithm that computes matchings of weight comparable with the best sequential deterministic algorithms. The performance of the suggested algorithms is documented through extensive experiments on different multithreaded architectures. C1 [Manne, Fredrik] Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Halappanavar, Mahantesh] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Manne, F (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. EM fredrilon@ii.uib.no; hala@pnnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.61 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300049 ER PT S AU Morani, A Tumeo, A Chavarria-Miranda, D Villa, O Valero, M AF Morani, Alessandro Tumeo, Antonino Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel Villa, Oreste Valero, Mateo GP IEEE TI Scaling Irregular Applications through Data Aggregation and Software Multithreading SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID COMMUNICATION; ARCHITECTURES; PERFORMANCE AB Emerging applications in areas such as bioinformatics, data analytics, semantic databases and knowledge discovery employ datasets from tens to hundreds of terabytes. Currently, only distributed memory clusters have enough aggregate space to enable in-memory processing of datasets of this size. However, in addition to large sizes, the data structures used by these new application classes are usually characterized by unpredictable and fine-grained accesses: i.e., they present an irregular behavior. Traditional commodity clusters, instead, exploit cache-based processor and high-bandwidth networks optimized for locality, regular computation and bulk communication. For these reasons, irregular applications are inefficient on these systems, and require custom, hand-coded optimizations to provide scaling in both performance and size. Lightweight software multithreading, which enables tolerating data access latencies by overlapping network communication with computation, and aggregation, which allows reducing overheads and increasing bandwidth utilization by coalescing fine-grained network messages, are key techniques that can speed up the performance of large scale irregular applications on commodity clusters. In this paper we describe GMT (Global Memory and Threading), a runtime system library that couples software multithreading and message aggregation together with a Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) data model to enable higher performance and scaling of irregular applications on multi-node systems. We present the architecture of the runtime, explaining how it is designed around these two critical techniques. We show that irregular applications written using our runtime can outperform, even by orders of magnitude, the corresponding applications written using other programming models that do not exploit these techniques. C1 [Morani, Alessandro; Tumeo, Antonino; Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Villa, Oreste] NVIDA, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Valero, Mateo] Univ Politecn Catalanya, Barcelona Supercomputing Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. RP Morani, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alessandro.morari@pnnl.gov; antonino.tumeo@pnnl.gov; daniel.chavarria@pnnl.gov; ovilla@nvidia.com; mateo@bsc.es RI Tumeo, Antonino/L-3106-2016 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.117 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300105 ER PT S AU Nicolae, B Riteau, P Keahey, K AF Nicolae, Bogdan Riteau, Pierre Keahey, Kate GP IEEE TI Bursting the Cloud Data Bubble: Towards Transparent Storage Elasticity in IaaS Clouds SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE cloud computing; elastic storage; adaptive resizing; I/O access pattern prediction AB Storage elasticity on IaaS clouds is an important feature for data-intensive workloads: storage requirements can vary greatly during application runtime, making worst-case over-provisioning a poor choice that leads to unnecessarily tied-up storage and extra costs for the user. While the ability to adapt dynamically to storage requirements is thus attractive, how to implement it is not well understood. Current approaches simply rely on users to attach and detach virtual disks to the virtual machine (VM) instances and then manage them manually, thus greatly increasing application complexity while reducing cost efficiency. Unlike such approaches, this paper aims to provide a transparent solution that presents a unified storage space to the VM in the form of a regular POSIX file system that hides the details of attaching and detaching virtual disks by handling those actions transparently based on dynamic application requirements. The main difficulty in this context is to understand the intent of the application and regulate the available storage in order to avoid running out of space while minimizing the performance overhead of doing so. To this end, we propose a storage space prediction scheme that analyzes multiple system parameters and dynamically adapts monitoring based on the intensity of the I/O in order to get as close as possible to the real usage. We show the value of our proposal over static worst-case over-provisioning and simpler elastic schemes that rely on a reactive model to attach and detach virtual disks, using both synthetic benchmarks and real-life data-intensive applications. Our experiments demonstrate that we can reduce storage waste/cost by 30-40% with only 2-5% performance overhead. C1 [Nicolae, Bogdan] IBM Res, Dublin, Ireland. [Riteau, Pierre] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Keahey, Kate] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nicolae, B (reprint author), IBM Res, Dublin, Ireland. EM bogdan.nicolae@ie.ibm.com; priteau@uchicago.edu; keahey@mcs.anl.gov FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX The experiments presented in this paper were carried out using the Shamrock cluster of IBM Research, Ireland. This material is based in part on work supported in part by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-ACO2-06CH11357. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.25 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300013 ER PT S AU Payne, J Knoll, D McPherson, A Taitano, W Chacon, L Chen, GY Pakin, S AF Payne, Joshua Knoll, Dana McPherson, Allen Taitano, William Chacon, Luis Chen, Guangye Pakin, Scott GP IEEE TI Computational Co-Design of a Multiscale Plasma Application: A Process and Initial Results SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE particle-in-cell; co-design; implicit PIC; plasma physics ID IN-CELL ALGORITHM; IMPLICIT AB As computer architectures become increasingly heterogeneous the need for algorithms and applications that can exploit these new architectures grows more pressing. This paper demonstrates that co-designing a multi-architecture, multi-scale, highly optimized framework with its associated plasma-physics application can provide both portability across CPUs and accelerators and high performance. Our framework utilizes multiple abstraction layers in order to maximize code reuse between architectures while providing low-level abstractions to incorporate architecture-specific optimizations such as vectorization or hardware fused multiply-add. We describe a co-design process used to enable a plasma physics application to scale well to large systems while also improving on both the accuracy and speed of the simulations. Optimized multi-core results will be presented to demonstrate ability to isolate large amounts of computational work with minimal communication.(1) C1 [Payne, Joshua; Knoll, Dana; McPherson, Allen; Taitano, William; Chacon, Luis; Chen, Guangye; Pakin, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Payne, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chen, Guangye /K-3192-2012; OI Chacon, Luis/0000-0002-4566-8763; Pakin, Scott/0000-0002-5220-1985; Chen, Guangye/0000-0002-8800-5791 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.114 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300102 ER PT S AU Randles, A Kaxiras, E AF Randles, Amand Kaxiras, Efthimios GP IEEE TI A Spatio-Temporal Coupling Method to Reduce the Time-to-Solution of Cardiovascular Simulations SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE computational fluid dynamics; parallel-in-time; lattice Boltzmann ID BLOOD-FLOW; PARAREAL; DISCRETIZATION; INTEGRATORS; PDES AB We present a new parallel-in-time method designed to reduce the overall time-to-solution of a patient-specific cardiovascular flow simulation. Using a modified parareal algorithm, our approach extends strong scalability beyond spatial parallelism with fully controllable accuracy and no decrease in stability. We discuss the coupling of spatial and temporal domain decompositions used in our implementation, and showcase the use of the method on a study of blood flow through the aorta. We observe an additional 40% reduction in overall wall clock time with no significant loss of accuracy, in agreement with a predictive performance model. C1 [Randles, Amand] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kaxiras, Efthimios] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Randles, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM randles2@llnl.gov; kaxiras@seas.harvard.edu FU Department of Energy DOE CSGF [DE-FG02-97ER25308]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE5C0004 131, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL [LLNL-PROC644182] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy's Computational Science Graduate Fellowship under grant number DOE CSGF DE-FG02-97ER25308 and in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy award DE5C0004 131 We would like to thank Franziska Michor, the Dana Farber Cancer Institute, and Erik Draeger, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, for useful discussions regarding this research. This is LLNL report LLNL-PROC644182. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.68 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300056 ER PT S AU Sato, K Moody, A Mohror, K Gamblin, T de Supinski, BR Maruyama, N Matsuoka, S AF Sato, Kento Moody, Adam Mohror, Kathryn Gamblin, Todd de Supinski, Bronis R. Maruyama, Naoya Matsuoka, Satoshi GP IEEE TI FMI: Fault Tolerant Messaging Interface for Fast and Transparent Recovery SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Fault tolerance; MPI; Checkpoint/Restart AB Future supercomputers built with more components will enable larger, higher-fidelity simulations, but at the cost of higher failure rates. Traditional approaches to mitigating failures, such as checkpoint/restart (C/R) to a parallel file system incur large overheads. On future, extreme-scale systems, it is unlikely that traditional C/R will recover a failed application before the next failure occurs. To address this problem, we present the Fault Tolerant Messaging Interface (FMI), which enables extremely low-latency recovery. FMI accomplishes this using a survivable communication runtime coupled with fast, in-memory C/R, and dynamic node allocation. FMI provides message-passing semantics similar to MPI, but applications written using FMI can run through failures. The FMI runtime software handles fault tolerance, including checkpointing application state, restarting failed processes, and allocating additional nodes when needed. Our tests show that FMI runs with similar failure-free performance as MPI, but FMI incurs only a 28% overhead with a very high mean time between failures of 1 minute. C1 [Sato, Kento] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dep Math & Comp Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1-W8-33 Ohokayama, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. [Moody, Adam; Mohror, Kathryn; Gamblin, Todd; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Maruyama, Naoya] RIKEN, Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6500047, Japan. [Matsuoka, Satoshi] Tokyo Inst Technol, Global Sci Informat & Comp Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. RP Sato, K (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dep Math & Comp Sci, Meguro Ku, 2-12-1-W8-33 Ohokayama, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. EM kent@matsulab.is.titech.ac.jp; moody20@llnl.gov; kathryn@llnl.gov; tgamblin@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov; nmaruyama@riken.jp; matsu@is.titech.ac.jp FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Japan Society for the Protnotion of Science [24008253]; [23220003] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. (LLNL-CONE-645209). This work was also supported by Grant-in-Aid for Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Protnotion of Science (BPS Fellows) 24008253, and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research S 23220003. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.126 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300114 ER PT S AU Seal, SK AF Seal, Sudip K. GP IEEE TI An Accelerated Recursive Doubling Algorithm for Block Tridiagonal Systems SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE block tridiagonal matrix; cyclic reduction; prefix computation; parallel solver ID CYCLIC REDUCTION; EQUATIONS; SOLVERS AB Block tridiagonal systems of linear equations arise in a wide variety of scientific and engineering applications. Recursive doubling algorithm is a well-known prefix computation-based numerical algorithm that requires O(M-3 (N/P + logP)) work to compute the solution of a block tridiagonal system with N block rows and block size M on P processors. In real-world applications, solutions of tridiagonal systems are most often sought with multiple, often hundreds and thousands, of different right hand sides but with the same tridiagonal matrix. Here, we show that a recursive doubling algorithm is sub-optimal when computing solutions of block tridiagonal systems with multiple right hand sides and present a novel algorithm, called the accelerated recursive doubling algorithm, that delivers O(R) improvement when solving block tridiagonal systems with R distinct right hand sides. Since R is typically similar to 10(2) - 10(4), this improvement translates to very significant speedups in practice. Detailed complexity analyses of the new algorithm with empirical confirmation of runtime improvements are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this algorithm has not been reported before in the literature. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Seal, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sealsk@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.107 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300095 ER PT S AU Slota, GM Rajamanickam, S Madduri, K AF Slota, George M. Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran Madduri, Kamesh GP IEEE TI BFS and Coloring-based Parallel Algorithms for Strongly Connected Components and Related Problems SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE strongly connected components; BFS; coloring; multicore algorithms; performance analysis ID GRAPHS; WEB AB Finding the strongly connected components (SCCs) of a directed graph is a fundamental graph-theoretic problem. Tarjan's algorithm is an efficient serial algorithm to find SCCs, but relies on the hard-to-parallelize depth-first search (DFS). We observe that implementations of several parallel SCC detection algorithms show poor parallel performance on modern multicore platforms and large-scale networks. This paper introduces the Multistep method, a new approach that avoids work inefficiencies seen in prior SCC approaches. It does not rely on DFS, but instead uses a combination of breadth-first search (BFS) and a parallel graph coloring routine. We show that the Multistep method scales well on several real-world graphs, with performance fairly independent of topological properties such as the size of the largest SCC and the total number of SCCs. On a 16-core Intel Xeon platform, our algorithm achieves a 20x speedup over the serial approach on a 2 billion edge graph, fully decomposing it in under two seconds. For our collection of test networks, we observe that the Multistep method is 1.92x faster (mean speedup) than the state-of-the-art Hong et al. SCC method. In addition, we modify the Multistep method to find connected and weakly connected components, as well as introduce a novel algorithm for determining articulation vertices of biconnected components. These approaches all utilize the same underlying BFS and coloring routines. C1 [Slota, George M.; Madduri, Kamesh] Penn State Univ, Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalabe Algorithms Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Slota, GM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gslota@psu.edu; srajama@sandia.gov; madduri@cse.psu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; DOE Office of Science through the FASTMath SciDAC Institute; NSF [ACI1253881] FX We thank the reviewers for their helpful suggestions. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was partially supported by the DOE Office of Science through the FASTMath SciDAC Institute and by NSF grant ACI1253881. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.64 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300052 ER PT S AU Smith, TM van de Geijn, R Smelyanskiy, M Hammond, JR Van Zee, FG AF Smith, Tyler M. van de Geijn, Robert Smelyanskiy, Mikhail Hammond, Jeff R. Van Zee, Field G. GP IEEE TI Anatomy of High-Performance Many-Threaded Matrix Multiplication SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE linear algebra; libraries; high-performance; matrix; BLAS; multicore AB BLIS is a new framework for rapid instantiation of the BLAS. We describe how BLIS extends the "GotoBLAS approach" to implementing matrix multiplication (GEMM). While GEMM was previously implemented as three loops around an inner kernel, BLIS exposes two additional loops within that inner kernel, casting the computation in terms of the BLIS microkernel so that porting GEMM becomes a matter of customizing this micro-kernel for a given architecture. We discuss how this facilitates a finer level of parallelism that greatly simplifies the multithreading of GEMM as well as additional opportunities for parallelizing multiple loops. Specifically, we show that with the advent of many-core architectures such as the IBM PowerPC A2 processor (used by Blue Gene/Q) and the Intel Xeon Phi processor, parallelizing both within and around the inner kernel, as the BLIS approach supports, is not only convenient, but also necessary for scalability. The resulting implementations deliver what we believe to be the best open source performance for these architectures, achieving both impressive performance and excellent scalability. C1 [Smith, Tyler M.; van de Geijn, Robert; Van Zee, Field G.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Smelyanskiy, Mikhail] Parallel Comp Lab Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Hammond, Jeff R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM tms@cs.utexas.edu; rvdg@cs.utexas.edu; mikhail.smelyanskiy@intel.com; jhammond@alcf.anl.gov; field@cs.utexas.edu OI Hammond, Jeff/0000-0003-3181-8190 FU NSF [OCI-1148125/1340293]; Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF); Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-06C1111357] FX We thank Tze Meng Low and the rest of the FLAME team for their support. The technical expertise of John Gunnels was much appreciated. This work was partially sponsored by the NSF (Grant OCI-1148125/1340293). Some of this work was pursued while Tyler Smith was an intern with the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF). This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory. which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO2-06C1111357. We also thank TACO for access to the Stampede cluster. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.110 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300098 ER PT S AU Teodoro, G Kurc, T Kong, J Cooper, L Saltz, J AF Teodoro, George Kurc, Tahsin Kong, Jun Cooper, Lee Saltz, Joel GP IEEE TI Comparative Performance Analysis of Intel Xeon Phi, GPU, and CPU: A Case Study from Microscopy Image Analysis SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID ALGORITHM; MODEL AB We study and characterize the performance of operations in an important class of applications on GPUs and Many Integrated Core (MIC) architectures. Our work is motivated by applications that analyze low-dimensional spatial datasets captured by high resolution sensors, such as image datasets obtained from whole slide tissue specimens using microscopy scanners. Common operations in these applications involve the detection and extraction of objects (object segmentation), the computation of features of each extracted object (feature computation), and characterization of objects based on these features (object classification). In this work, we have identify the data access and computation patterns of operations in the object segmentation and feature computation categories. We systematically implement and evaluate the performance of these operations on modern CPUs, GPUs, and MIC systems for a microscopy image analysis application. Our results show that the performance on a MIC of operations that perform regular data access is comparable or sometimes better than that on a GPU. On the other hand, GPUs are significantly more efficient than MICs for operations that access data irregularly. This is a result of the low performance of MICs when it comes to random data access. We also have examined the coordinated use of MICs and CPUs. Our experiments show that using a performance aware task strategy for scheduling application operations improves performance about 1.29x over a first-come-first-served strategy. This allows applications to obtain high performance efficiency on CPU-MIC systems - the example application attained an efficiency of 84% on 192 nodes (3072 CPU cores and 192 MICs). C1 [Teodoro, George] Univ Brasilia, Dept Comp Sci, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Kurc, Tahsin; Saltz, Joel] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Informat, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Kurc, Tahsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sci Data Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Kong, Jun; Cooper, Lee] Emory Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Teodoro, G (reprint author), Univ Brasilia, Dept Comp Sci, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM teodoro@unb.br; tkurc@emory.edu; jun.kong@emory.edu; lee.cooper@emory.edu; jhsaltz@emory.edu FU NSF through XSEDE resources; XSEDE Science Gateways program; NCI [HH5N261200800001E]; NHLBI [R24HL085343]; NLM [ROlLM011119-01, R01LM009239]; NIH [RC4MD005964]; CNPq [151346/2013-5, 313931/2013-5] FX This research was supported in part by the NSF through XSEDE resources provided by the XSEDE Science Gateways program and in part by HH5N261200800001E from the NCI, R24HL085343 from the NHLBI, by ROlLM011119-01 and R01LM009239 from the NLM, and RC4MD005964 from the NIH, and CNPq (including projects 151346/2013-5 and 313931/2013-5). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.111 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300099 ER PT S AU Tiwari, D Solihin, Y AF Tiwari, Devesh Solihin, Yan GP IEEE TI MapReuse : Reusing Computation in an In-Memory MapReduce System SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE AB MapReduce programming model is being increasingly adopted for data intensive high performance computing. Recently, it has been observed that in data-intensive environment, programs are often run multiple times with either identical or slightly-changed input, which creates a significant opportunity for computation reuse. Recognizing the opportunity, researchers have proposed techniques to reuse computation in disk-based MapReduce systems such as Hadoop, but not for in-memory MapReduce (IMMR) systems such as Phoenix. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for computation reuse in IMMR systems, which we refer to as MapReuse. MapReuse detects input similarity by comparing their signatures. It skips re-computing output from a repeated portion of the input, computes output from a new portion of input, and removes output that corresponds to a deleted portion of the input. MapReuse is built on top of an existing IMMR system, leaving it largely unmodified. MapReuse significantly speeds up IMMR, even when the new input differs by 25% compared to the original input. C1 [Tiwari, Devesh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Solihin, Yan] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tiwari, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tiwari@ornl.gov; solihin@ncsu.edu FU NSF [CNS0834664] FX We thank anonymous reviewers for their useful feedback. This work was supported in part by NSF Award CNS0834664. Most of the work was performed while Devesh Tiwari was a graduate student at NC State University. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.18 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300006 ER PT S AU Vaidyanathan, K Pamnany, K Kalamkar, DD Heinecke, A Smelyanskiy, M Park, J Kim, D Shet, GA Kaul, B Joo, B Dubey, P AF Vaidyanathan, Karthikeyan Pamnany, Kiran Kalamkar, Dhiraj D. Heinecke, Alexander Smelyanskiy, Mikhail Park, Jongsoo Kim, Daehyun Shet, Aniruddha G. Kaul, Bharat Joo, Balint Dubey, Pradeep GP IEEE TI Improving Communication Performance and Scalability of Native Applications on Intel (R) Xeon Phi (TM) Coprocessor Clusters SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor clusters; native applications; HPL; FFT; Lattice QCD AB Intel (R) Xeon Phi (TM) coprocessor-based clusters offer high compute and memory performance for parallel workloads and also support direct network access. Many real world applications are significantly impacted by network characteristics and to maximize the performance of such applications on these clusters, it is particularly important to effectively saturate network bandwidth and/or hide communications latency. We demonstrate how to do so using techniques such as pipelined DMAs for data transfer, dynamic chunk sizing, and better asynchronous progress. We also show a method for, and the impact of avoiding serialization and maximizing parallelism during application communication phases. Additionally, we apply application optimizations focused on balancing computation and communication in order to hide communication latency and improve utilization of cores and of network bandwidth. We demonstrate the impact of our techniques on three well-known and highly optimized HPC kernels running natively on the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor. For the Wilson-Dslash operator from Lattice QCD, we characterize the improvements from each of our optimizations for communication performance, apply our method for maximizing concurrency during communication phases, and show an overall 48% improvement from our previously best published result. For HPL/LINPACK, we show 68.5% efficiency with 97 TFLOPs on 128 Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors; the first ever reported native HPL efficiency on a coprocessor-based supercomputer. For FFT, we show 10.8 TFLOPs using 1024 Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors on the TACC Stampede cluster; the highest reported performance on any Intel Architecture-based cluster and the first such result to be reported on a coprocessor-based supercomputer. C1 [Vaidyanathan, Karthikeyan; Pamnany, Kiran; Kalamkar, Dhiraj D.; Shet, Aniruddha G.; Kaul, Bharat] Intel Corp, Parallel Comp Lab, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Heinecke, Alexander] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Informat, Munich, Germany. [Smelyanskiy, Mikhail; Park, Jongsoo; Kim, Daehyun; Dubey, Pradeep] Intel Corp, Parallel Comp Lab, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Joo, Balint] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Vaidyanathan, K (reprint author), Intel Corp, Parallel Comp Lab, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.113 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300101 ER PT S AU Wang, YD Goldstone, R Yu, WK Wang, T AF Wang, Yandong Goldstone, Robin Yu, Weikuan Wang, Teng GP IEEE TI Characterization and Optimization of Memory-Resident MapReduce on HPC Systems SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE AB MapReduce is a widely accepted framework for addressing big data challenges. Recently, it has also gained broad attention from scientists at the U.S. leadership computing facilities as a promising solution to process gigantic simulation results. However, conventional high-end computing systems are constructed based on the compute-centric paradigm while big data analytics applications prefer a data-centric paradigm such as MapReduce. This work characterizes the performance impact of key differences between compute-and data-centric paradigms and then provides optimizations to enable a dual-purpose HPC system that can efficiently support conventional HPC applications and new data analytics applications. Using a state-of-the-art MapReduce implementation Spark and the Hyperion system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we have examined the impact of storage architectures, data locality and task scheduling to the memory-resident MapReduce jobs. Based on our characterization and findings of the performance behaviors, we have introduced two optimization techniques, namely Enhanced Load Balancer and Congestion-Aware Task Dispatching, to improve the performance of Spark applications. C1 [Wang, Yandong; Yu, Weikuan; Wang, Teng] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Goldstone, Robin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM wangyd@auburn.edu; goldstone1@llnl.gov; wkyu@auburn.edu; tzw0019@auburn.edu FU Intel; Alabama Innovation Award; National Science Foundation [1059376, 1320016, 1340947]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF647813)] FX We are very thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This work is funded in part by an Intel grant, an Alabama Innovation Award, and by National Science Foundation awards 1059376, 1320016 and 1340947. This work was also performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF647813). NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.87 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300075 ER PT S AU Weber, V Bekas, C Laino, T Curioni, A Bertsch, A Futral, S AF Weber, Valery Bekas, Costas Laino, Teodoro Curioni, Alessandro Bertsch, Adam Futral, Scott GP IEEE TI Shedding Light on Lithium/Air Batteries Using Millions of Threads on the BG/Q Supercomputer SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; HARTREE-FOCK EXCHANGE; LI-AIR BATTERIES; CARBONATE ELECTROLYTES; APROTIC-SOLVENTS; OXYGEN BATTERY; SUPEROXIDE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; THERMOCHEMISTRY; COMPUTATION AB In this work, we present a novel parallelization scheme for a highly efficient evaluation of the Hartree-Fock exact exchange (HFX) in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, specifically tailored for condensed phase simulations. Our developments allow one to achieve the necessary accuracy for the evaluation of the HFX in a highly controllable manner. We show here that our solutions can take great advantage of the latest trends in HPC platforms, such as extreme threading, short vector instructions and highly dimensional interconnection networks. Indeed, all these trends are evident in the IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputer. We demonstrate an unprecedented scalability up to 6,291,456 threads (96 BG/Q racks) with a near perfect parallel efficiency, which represents a more than 20-fold improvement as compared to the current state of the art. In terms of reduction of time to solution, we achieved an improvement that can surpass a 10-fold decrease in runtime with respect to directly comparable approaches. We exploit this development to enhance the accuracy of DFT based molecular dynamics by using the PBE0 hybrid functional. This approach allowed us to investigate the chemical behavior of organic solvents in one of the most challenging research topics in energy storage, lithium/air batteries, and to propose alternative solvents with enhanced stability to ensure an appropriate reversible electrochemical reaction. This step is key for the development of a viable lithium/air storage technology, which would have been a daunting computational task using standard methods. Recent research has shown that the electrolyte plays a key role in non-aqueous lithium/air batteries in producing the appropriate reversible electrochemical reduction. In particular, the chemical degradation of propylene carbonate, the typical electrolyte used, by lithium peroxide has been demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations of highly realistic models. Reaching the necessary high accuracy in these simulations is a daunting computational task using standard methods. C1 [Weber, Valery; Bekas, Costas; Laino, Teodoro; Curioni, Alessandro] IBM Res Zurich, Saumerstr 4, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. [Bertsch, Adam; Futral, Scott] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Weber, V (reprint author), IBM Res Zurich, Saumerstr 4, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. EM vwe@zurich.ibm.com; bek@cs.georgetown.edu; teo@cs.georgetown.edu; cur@cs.georgetown.edu; bertsch2@llnl.gov; futral21@llnl.gov FU Juelich Supercomputer Center FX We would like to thank the Juelich Supercomputer Center for its support during the development of this work. We also thank our colleague Yves Ineichen for his technical support. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.81 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300069 ER PT S AU Williams, S Lijewski, M Almgren, A Van Straalen, B Carson, E Knight, N Demmel, J AF Williams, Samuel Lijewski, Mike Almgren, Ann Van Straalen, Brian Carson, Erin Knight, Nicholas Demmel, James GP IEEE TI s-step Krylov Subspace Methods as Bottom Solvers for Geometric Multigrid SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Multigrid; Communication; avoiding; BiCGStab ID GLOBAL COMMUNICATION; ITERATIVE METHODS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; IMPLEMENTATION AB Geometric multigrid solvers within adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) applications often reach a point where further coarsening of the grid becomes impractical as individual subdomain sizes approach unity. At this point the most common solution is to use a bottom solver, such as BiCGStab, to reduce the residual by a fixed factor at the coarsest level. Each iteration of BiCGStab requires multiple global reductions (MPI collectives). As the number of BiCGStab iterations required for convergence grows with problem size, and the time for each collective operation increases with machine scale, bottom solves in large-scale applications can constitute a significant fraction of the overall multigrid solve time. In this paper, we implement, evaluate, and optimize a communication-avoiding s-step formulation of BiCGStab (CABiCGStab for short) as a high-performance, distributed-memory bottom solver for geometric multigrid solvers. This is the first time s-step Krylov subspace methods have been leveraged to improve multigrid bottom solver performance. We use a synthetic benchmark for detailed analysis and integrate the best implementation into BoxLib in order to evaluate the benefit of a s-step Krylov subspace method on the multigrid solves found in the applications LMC and Nyx on up to 32,768 cores on the Cray XE6 at NERSC. Overall, we see bottom solver improvements of up to 4.2x on synthetic problems and up to 2.7x in real applications. This results in as much as a 1.5x improvement in solver performance in real applications. C1 [Williams, Samuel; Lijewski, Mike; Almgren, Ann; Van Straalen, Brian] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carson, Erin; Knight, Nicholas; Demmel, James] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SWWilliams@lbl.gov; ecc2z@eecs.berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program [DEACO2-05CH11231]; ASCR [DE-5C0005136]; Microsoft [024263]; Intel [024894]; U.C. Discovery [DI007-10227]; Par Lab affiliates National Instruments; NEC; NVIDIA; Samsung; Sun Microsystems; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH11231] FX Authors from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program under contract DEACO2-05CH11231. Authors from UC Berkeley were funded by ASCR (award DE-5C0005136), Microsoft (#024263), Intel (#024894), and U.C. Discovery (#DI007-10227). Further support comes from Par Lab affiliates National Instruments, NEC, Nokia, NVIDIA, Samsung, and Sun Microsystems. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO2-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.119 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300107 ER PT S AU Winter, FT Clark, MA Edwards, RG Joo, B AF Winter, F. T. Clark, M. A. Edwards, R. G. Joo, B. GP IEEE TI A Framework for Lattice QCD Calculations on GPUs SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID FERMIONS AB Computing platforms equipped with accelerators like GPUs have proven to provide great computational power. However, exploiting such platforms for existing scientific applications is not a trivial task. Current GPU programming frameworks such as CUDA C/C++ require low-level programming from the developer in order to achieve high performance code. As a result porting of applications to GPUs is typically limited to time-dominant algorithms and routines, leaving the remainder not accelerated which can open a serious Amdahl's law issue. The Lattice QCD application Chroma allows us to explore a different porting strategy. The layered structure of the software architecture logically separates the data-parallel from the application layer. The QCD Data-Parallel software layer provides data types and expressions with stencil-like operations suitable for lattice field theory. Chroma implements algorithms in terms of this high-level interface. Thus by porting the low-level layer one effectively ports the whole application layer in one swing. The QDP-JIT/PTX library, our reimplementation of the low-level layer, provides a framework for Lattice QCD calculations for the CUDA architecture. The complete software interface is supported and thus applications can be run unaltered on GPU-based parallel computers. This reimplementation was possible due to the availability of a JIT compiler which translates an assembly language (PTX) to GPU code. The existing expression templates enabled us to employ compile-time computations in order to build code generators and to automate the memory management for CUDA. Our implementation has allowed us to deploy the full Chroma gauge-generation program on large scale GPU-based machines such as Titan and Blue Waters and accelerate the calculation by more than an order of magnitude. C1 [Winter, F. T.; Edwards, R. G.; Joo, B.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Clark, M. A.] NVIDIA Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95050 USA. RP Winter, FT (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM fwinter@jlab.org; mclark@nvidia.com; edwards@jlab.org; bjoo@jlab.org FU OLCF Titan through Directors Discretionary Allocation [LGT006]; INCITE project Allocation [LGT003]; Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project; National Science Foundation [OCT 07-25070]; state of Illinois Blue Waters; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Center for Supercomputing Applications; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC); U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics; Research Executive Agency (REA) of the European Union [PITN-GA-2009-238353]; LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-ACO5-060R23177]; U.S. Government FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work on OLCF Titan through Directors Discretionary Allocation LGT006 (2012-2013) and through the INCITE project Allocation LGT003 2012-2013. This research is part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number OCT 07-25070) and the state of Illinois Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Partial support for this work was provided through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics. This research was in part supported by the Research Executive Agency (REA) of the European Union under Grant Agreement number PITN-GA-2009-238353 (ITN STRONGnet). Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-ACO5-060R23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.112 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300100 ER PT S AU Yamazaki, I Anzt, H Tomov, S Hoemmen, M Dongarra, J AF Yamazaki, Ichitaro Anzt, Hartwig Tomov, Stanimire Hoemmen, Mark Dongarra, Jack GP IEEE TI Improving the Performance of CA-GMRES on Multicores with Multiple GPUs SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE AB The Generalized Minimum Residual (GMRES) method is one of the most widely-used iterative methods for solving nonsymmetric linear systems of equations. In recent years, techniques to avoid communication in GMRES have gained attention because in comparison to floating-point operations, communication is becoming increasingly expensive on modern computers. Since graphics processing units (GPUs) are now becoming crucial component in computing, we investigate the effectiveness of these techniques on multicore CPUs with multiple GPUs. While we present the detailed performance studies of a matrix powers kernel on multiple GPUs, we particularly focus on orthogonalization strategies that have a great impact on both the numerical stability and performance of GMRES, especially as the matrix becomes sparser or ill-conditioned. We present the experimental results on two eight-core Intel Sandy Bridge CPUs with three NDIVIA Fermi GPUs and demonstrate that significant speedups can be obtained by avoiding communication, either on a GPU or between the GPUs. As part of our study, we investigate several optimization techniques for the GPU kernels that can also be used in other iterative solvers besides GMRES. Hence, our studies not only emphasize the importance of avoiding communication on GPUs, but they also provide insight about the effects of these optimization techniques on the performance of the sparse solvers, and may have greater impact beyond GMRES. C1 [Yamazaki, Ichitaro; Anzt, Hartwig; Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hoemmen, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Yamazaki, I (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM iyamazak@eecs.utk.edu; hanzt@icl.utk.edu; tomov@eecs.utk.edu; mhoemme@sandia.gov; dongarra@eecs.utk.edu FU NSF SDCI - National Science Foundation Award [OCI-1032815]; DOE [DESC0010042]; NSF Keeneland - Georgia Institute of Technology Subcontract [RA241-G1]; NSF Prime [OCI0910735]; Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported in part by NSF SDCI - National Science Foundation Award #OCI-1032815, "Collaborative Research: SDCI HPC Improvement: Improvement and Support of Community Based Dense Linear Algebra Software for Extreme Scale Computational Science," DOE grant #DESC0010042: "Extreme-scale Algorithms & Solver Resilience (EASIR)," NSF Keeneland - Georgia Institute of Technology Subcontract #RA241-G1 on NSF Prime Grant #OCI0910735, and Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.48 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300036 ER PT S AU Yeom, JS Bhatele, A Bisset, K Bohm, E Gupta, A Kale, LV Marathe, M Nikolopoulos, DS Schulz, M Wesolowski, L AF Yeom, Jae-Seung Bhatele, Abhinav Bisset, Keith Bohm, Eric Gupta, Abhishek Kale, Laxmikant V. Marathe, Madhav Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S. Schulz, Martin Wesolowski, Lukasz GP IEEE TI Overcoming the Scalability Challenges of Epidemic Simulations on Blue Waters SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE contagion simulations; scalability; performance; graph processing; social contact networks ID OUTBREAKS AB Modeling dynamical systems represents an important application class covering a wide range of disciplines including but not limited to biology, chemistry, finance, national security, and health care. Such applications typically involve large-scale, irregular graph processing, which makes them difficult to scale due to the evolutionary nature of their workload, irregular communication and load imbalance. EpiSimdemics is such an application simulating epidemic diffusion in extremely large and realistic social contact networks. It implements a graph-based system that captures dynamics among co-evolving entities. This paper presents an implementation of EpiSimdemics in Charm++ that enables future research by social, biological and computational scientists at unprecedented data and system scales. We present new methods for application-specific processing of graph data and demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods on a Cray XE6, specifically NCSA's Blue Waters system. C1 [Yeom, Jae-Seung; Marathe, Madhav] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Yeom, Jae-Seung; Bisset, Keith; Marathe, Madhav] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bhatele, Abhinav; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bohm, Eric; Gupta, Abhishek; Kale, Laxmikant V.; Wesolowski, Lukasz] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch EEECS, Belfast, Antrim BT9 5BN, North Ireland. RP Yeom, JS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jyeom@vbi.vt.edu; bhatele@llnl.gov; kbisset@vbi.vt.edu; ebohm@illinois.edu; gupta59@illinois.edu; kale@illinois.edu; mmarathe@vbi.vt.edu; d.nikolopoulos@qub.ac.uk; schulzm@llnl.gov; wesolwsk@illinois.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DEAC52-07NA27344]; NSF [OCI-0904844, OCI 07-25070, OCI-0832603]; NetSE [CNS-1011769]; DTRA [HDTRA11110016]; DTRA CNIMS [HDTRA1-11D-0016-0001]; NIH MIDAS [2U01GM070694-09] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DEAC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-648533). This work has been partially supported by NSF Grants PetaApps OCI-0904844 and NetSE CNS-1011769, DTRA Grant HDTRA11110016, DTRA CNIMS Contract HDTRA1-11D-0016-0001, and NIH MIDAS Grant 2U01GM070694-09.; This research is part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by NSF award number OCI 07-25070 and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois and NCSA. This work is also part of the Contagion PRAC allocation support by NSF award number OCI-0832603. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.83 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300071 ER PT S AU You, Y Song, SL Fu, HH Marquez, A Dehnavi, MM Barker, K Cameron, KW Randles, AP Yang, GW AF You, Yang Song, Shuaiwen Leon Fu, Haohuan Marquez, Andres Dehnavi, Maryam Mehri Barker, Kevin Cameron, Kirk W. Randles, Amanda Peters Yang, Guangwen GP IEEE TI MIC-SVM: Designing A Highly Efficient Support Vector Machine For Advanced Modern Multi-Core and Many-Core Architectures SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE DE Support Vector Machine; Multi & Many-Core architectures; Parallelization; Optimization Techniques; Performance Analysis AB Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been widely used in data-mining and Big Data applications as modern commercial databases start to attach an increasing importance to the analytic capabilities. In recent years, SVM was adapted to the field of High Performance Computing for power/performance prediction, auto-tuning, and runtime scheduling. However, even at the risk of losing prediction accuracy due to insufficient runtime information, researchers can only afford to apply offline model training to avoid significant runtime training overhead. Advanced multi-and many-core architectures offer massive parallelism with complex memory hierarchies which can make runtime training possible, but form a barrier to efficient parallel SVM design. To address the challenges above, we designed and implemented MIC-SVM, a highly efficient parallel SVM for x86 based multi-core and many-core architectures, such as the Intel Ivy Bridge CPUs and Intel Xeon Phi co-processor (MIC). We propose various novel analysis methods and optimization techniques to fully utilize the multilevel parallelism provided by these architectures and serve as general optimization methods for other machine learning tools. MIC-SVM achieves 4.4-84x and 18-47x speedups against the popular LIBSVM, on MIC and Ivy Bridge CPUs respectively, for several real-world data-mining datasets. Even compared with GPUSVM, run on a top of the line NVIDIA k20x GPU, the performance of our MIC-SVM is competitive. We also conduct a cross-platform performance comparison analysis, focusing on Ivy Bridge CPUs, MIC and GPUs, and provide insights on how to select the most suitable advanced architectures for specific algorithms and input data patterns. C1 [You, Yang; Fu, Haohuan; Yang, Guangwen] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [You, Yang; Yang, Guangwen] Tsinghua Univ, TNList, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Song, Shuaiwen Leon; Marquez, Andres; Yang, Guangwen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 02139 USA. [Randles, Amanda Peters] Harvard Univ, MIT, Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cameron, Kirk W.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Randles, Amanda Peters] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP You, Y (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Sci, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM you-y12@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn; haohuan@tsinghua.edu.cn; ygw@tsinghua.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61303003, 41374113]; National High-tech R&D (863) Program of China [2013AA01A208]; DOEnOSCAR Beyond Standard Model Project [62855] FX This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61303003 and 41374113) and National High-tech R&D (863) Program of China (2013AA01A208), and DOEnOSCAR Beyond Standard Model Project #62855. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.88 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300076 ER PT S AU Zheng, YL Kamil, A Driscoll, MB Shan, HZ Yelick, K AF Zheng, Yili Kamil, Amir Driscoll, Michael B. Shan, Hongzhang Yelick, Katherine GP IEEE TI UPC plus plus : A PGAS Extension for C plus SO 2014 IEEE 28TH INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM SE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium IPDPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS) CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID LANGUAGE AB Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages are convenient for expressing algorithms with large, randomaccess data, and they have proven to provide high performance and scalability through lightweight one-sided communication and locality control. While very convenient for moving data around the system, PGAS languages have taken different views on the model of computation, with the static Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) model providing the best scalability. In this paper we present UPC++, a PGAS extension for C++ that has three main objectives: 1) to provide an object-oriented PGAS programming model in the context of the popular C++ language; 2) to add useful parallel programming idioms unavailable in UPC, such as asynchronous remote function invocation and multidimensional arrays, to support complex scientific applications; 3) to offer an easy on-ramp to PGAS programming through interoperability with other existing parallel programming systems (e.g., MPI, OpenMP, CUDA). We implement UPC++ with a "compiler-free" approach using C++ templates and runtime libraries. We borrow heavily from previous PGAS languages and describe the design decisions that led to this particular set of language features, providing significantly more expressiveness than UPC with very similar performance characteristics. We evaluate the programmability and performance of UPC++ using five benchmarks on two representative supercomputers, demonstrating that UPC++ can deliver excellent performance at large scale up to 32K cores while offering PGAS productivity features to C++ applications. C1 [Zheng, Yili; Kamil, Amir; Driscoll, Michael B.; Shan, Hongzhang; Yelick, Katherine] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zheng, YL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2075 BN 978-0-7695-5207-1 J9 INT PARALL DISTRIB P PY 2014 DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2014.115 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BB8FE UT WOS:000346498300103 ER PT S AU Beshr, M Aute, V Fricke, B Radermacher, R AF Beshr, M. Aute, V. Fricke, B. Radermacher, R. GP Int Inst Refrigerat TI AN EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS USING ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANTS SO 3RD IIR INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABILITY AND THE COLD CHAIN SE Refrigeration Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain CY JUN 23-25, 2014 CL St Marys Univ, London, ENGLAND SP Int Inst Refrigerat, Carrier United Technologies, GEA, Epta, Honeywell, Mexichem, Star Refrigerat, RD&T, ASHRAE HO St Marys Univ AB This study introduces a newly developed open source framework to evaluate the Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) of commercial refrigeration systems. This LCCP framework is used to compare the environmental impact of three typical commercial refrigeration system configurations: central direct expansion (DX), distributed DX, and combined secondary circuit (medium temperature) with central DX (low temperature). The environmental impact of the first two systems is compared using three refrigerants: R-404A, R-407F, and N-40. The third system is evaluated using L-40 in the high stage of the secondary circuit MT system while the standard DX (LT) employs the three refrigerants listed above. The evaluations are performed for six US cities and the hourly energy consumption of the systems, required for calculation of indirect emissions, is determined using EnergyPlus. The results include a sensitivity analysis to identify the relative importance of refrigerant charge and electricity production emissions when using lower GWP refrigerants. C1 [Beshr, M.; Aute, V.; Radermacher, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 3155 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fricke, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RP Beshr, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 3155 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vikrant@umd.edu OI Radermacher, Reinhard/0000-0002-9406-1466 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Integrated Systems Optimization Consortium (ISOC); US Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Integrated Systems Optimization Consortium (ISOC) at the University of Maryland. The authors also acknowledge the support of Building Technologies Office of the US Department of Energy for their financial support. Furthermore, the authors acknowledge the support of Samuel Yana Motta, Ankit Sethi, and Honeywell International Inc. for their in- kind and technical support. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-1637 BN 978-2-36215-003-6 J9 REFR SCI T PY 2014 VL 2014 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BB7XS UT WOS:000346090200004 ER PT J AU Yu, H Ortega, J Smith, JN Guenther, AB Kanawade, VP You, Y Liu, YY Hosman, K Karl, T Seco, R Geron, C Pallardy, SG Gu, LH Mikkila, J Lee, SH AF Yu, Huan Ortega, John Smith, James N. Guenther, Alex B. Kanawade, V. P. You, Yi Liu, Yiying Hosman, Kevin Karl, Thomas Seco, Roger Geron, Chris Pallardy, Stephen G. Gu, Lianhong Mikkila, Jyri Lee, Shan-Hu TI New Particle Formation and Growth in an Isoprene-Dominated Ozark Forest: From Sub-5 nm to CCN-Active Sizes SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; NUCLEATION MODE PARTICLES; BOREAL FOREST; FORMATION EVENTS; SULFURIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS; OH CONCENTRATIONS; NORTHERN FINLAND AB Particle Investigations at a Northern Ozarks Tower: NOx, Oxidant, Isoprene Research (PINOT NOIR) were conducted in a Missouri forest dominated by isoprene emissions from May to October 2012. This study presents results of new particle formation (NPF) and the growth of new particles to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-active sizes (similar to 100 nm) observed during this field campaign. The measured sub-5 nm particles were up to similar to 20,000 cm(-3) during a typical NPF event. Nucleation rates J(1) were relatively high (11.0 +/- 10.6 cm(-3) s(-1)), and one order of magnitude higher than formation rates of 5 nm particles (J(5)). Sub-5 nm particle formation events were observed during 64% of measurement days, with a high preference in biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs)- and SO2-poor northwesterly (90%) air masses than in BVOCs-rich southerly air masses (13%). About 80% of sub-5 nm particle events led to the further growth. While high temperatures and high aerosol loadings in the southerly air masses were not favorable for nucleation, high BVOCs in the southerly air masses facilitated the growth of new particles to CCN-active sizes. In overall, 0.4-9.4% of the sub-5 nm particles grew to CCN-active sizes within each single NPF event. During a regional NPF event period that took place consecutively over several days, concentrations of CCN size particles increased by a factor of 4.7 in average. This enhanced production of CCN particles from new particles was commonly observed during all 13 regional NPF events during the campaign period. C1 [Yu, Huan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yu, Huan; You, Yi; Liu, Yiying; Lee, Shan-Hu] Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Ortega, John; Smith, James N.; Seco, Roger] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Smith, James N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Guenther, Alex B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Guenther, Alex B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kanawade, V. P.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Kanawade, V. P.] Indian Inst Technol, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Liu, Yiying] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Hosman, Kevin; Pallardy, Stephen G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MT USA. [Karl, Thomas] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Seco, Roger] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Geron, Chris] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mikkila, Jyri] AirModus, Helsinki, Finland. RP Yu, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM hyu@nuist.edu.cn; slee19@kent.edu RI Seco, Roger/F-7124-2011; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; OI Seco, Roger/0000-0002-2078-9956; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Kanawade, Vijay/0000-0001-5611-3029 FU NSF [AGS-1137821, AGS 1241498, 0919317]; NCAR ASP Faculty Sabbatical Program; NSFC [41405116]; NSF of Jiangsu Province [BK20140989]; Finnish Academy [251007]; DOE [DE-SC0006861]; Fundacion Ramon Areces FX Shan-Hu Lee acknowledges funding support from NSF (AGS-1137821; AGS 1241498) and NCAR ASP Faculty Sabbatical Program. Huan Yu acknowledges funding support from NSFC 41405116 and NSF of Jiangsu Province BK20140989. James N. Smith acknowledges funding from the Finnish Academy Grant No. 251007, DOE Grant Number DE-SC0006861, and NSF grant 0919317. Roger Seco was partially supported by a postdoctoral grant from Fundacion Ramon Areces. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the NSF. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1285 EP 1298 DI 10.1080/02786826.2014.984801 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW6OH UT WOS:000346388200011 ER PT J AU Stickel, JJ Knutsen, JS Liberatore, MW AF Stickel, Jonathan J. Knutsen, Jeffrey S. Liberatore, Matthew W. TI CONNECTING LARGE AMPLITUDE OSCILLATORY SHEAR RHEOLOGY TO STEADY SIMPLE SHEAR RHEOLOGY AND APPLICATION TO BIOMASS SLURRIES SO APPLIED RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LAOS; elastoviscoplastic; yield stress; Carbopol; biomass slurry ID YIELD-STRESS FLUIDS; CORN STOVER; ELASTOVISCOPLASTIC MATERIALS; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATION; PARALLEL-PLATE; SOLIDS; MODEL; FLOW; SUSPENSIONS AB Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) rheology is often performed in order to complement steady simple shear (SSS) rheology, i.e., probe rheological properties of materials that cannot be not observed with SSS alone. However, it is difficult to measure the SSS rheology of some problematic materials due to fracture and ejection, and LAOS may alleviate these issues, at least partially. Therefore, it is of interest to obtain SSS rheology information from LAOS measurements. We show that a constitutive modeling approach may be used to unify the analysis of LAOS data obtained from different viscometric geometries and modes of control and that the LAOS data may be used to predict SSS profiles. A model elastoviscoplastic material, a Carbopol solution, was used to validate the approach experimentally. LAOS rheometry of problematic biomass slurries was also performed, and the SSS profiles for the slurries were predicted with more confidence than could be obtained from SSS measurements directly. C1 [Stickel, Jonathan J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Knutsen, Jeffrey S.; Liberatore, Matthew W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Stickel, JJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jonathan.stickel@nrel.gov RI Liberatore, Matthew/B-6828-2008 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; BioEnergy Technologies Office FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and through the BioEnergy Technologies Office. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU KERSCHENSTEINER VERLAG GMBH PI LAPPERSDORF PA MORIKESTR 4, LAPPERSDORF, 93138, GERMANY SN 1430-6395 J9 APPL RHEOL JI Appl. Rheol. PY 2014 VL 24 IS 5 AR 53075 DI 10.3933/ApplRheol-24-53075 PG 10 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA AX0FE UT WOS:000346627800008 ER PT S AU Goel, S Wang, N Rosenberg, M Mendon, V AF Goel, Supriya Wang, Na Rosenberg, Michael Mendon, Vrushali GP ASHRAE TI Performance-Based Building System Evaluation for DOE Energy Asset Score SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2014, VOL 120, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY APR 16, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP ASHRAE AB The Commercial Building Energy Asset Score, being developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the Department of Energy (DOE), aims to help building owners evaluate overall building energy efficiency under typical operation and occupancy conditions, defined by building use type. The Asset Scoring tool, a web-based application, consists of a simplified user interface built on a centralized simulation engine-EnergyPlus. The tool analyzes the as-built physical characteristics (including building envelope, the mechanical and electrical systems), pinpoints building systems with potential for efficiency improvement, and identifies cost-effective retrofit opportunities. A pilot project with more than 100 buildings revealed that use of whole building Energy Use index (EUI) could not adequately examine efficiency and performance of individual building systems. A building with a well-insulated envelope and low-efficiency HVAC equipment could, theoretically, use the same amount of energy as a building with a poorly insulated envelope and high-efficiency HVAC equipment. For two buildings with the same energy Asset Score (based on source EUI), the system-level evaluations can give tool users insight into the system-level performance and identify building components that need greater attention. Hence, a performance-based system evaluation method has been developed to analyze individual building components pertaining to the building envelope, lighting, heating, cooling, and service hot water systems, as well as their interactions. A prescriptive approach for evaluating building components, though simple to use, is often limited to single variable input comparisons. A simulation-based performance approach has been selected as the primary system evaluation method due to the multivariate nature of most systems examined by the Asset Scoring tool. The performance approach compares the energy use of a building system with that of baselines. The baseline values are determined using the DOE Commercial Building Models (Thornton et. al 2011). A series of performance ranges for different building use types are developed from the highest and lowest energy use obtained by modeling the prototype buildings available for similar use types, typically with the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 model defining the lower limit performance and the 90.1-2010 model defining the higher limit. A building system is ranked by being compared to the predefined performance ranges. For example, a system falling within the range is considered "good." This methodology allows a high level of flexibility and considers a building as an integrated system. C1 [Goel, Supriya; Wang, Na; Rosenberg, Michael; Mendon, Vrushali] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goel, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2014 VL 120 IS 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BB8GU UT WOS:000346573500034 ER PT S AU Hong, TZ Pang, XF Schetrit, O Wang, LP Kasahara, S Yura, Y Hinokuma, R AF Hong, Tianzhen Pang, Xiufeng Schetrit, Oren Wang, Liping Kasahara, Shinichi Yura, Yoshinori Hinokuma, Ryohei GP ASHRAE TI A New Model to Simulate Energy Performance of VRF Systems SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2014, VOL 120, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY APR 16, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP ASHRAE ID REFRIGERANT FLOW SYSTEMS AB This paper presents a new model to simulate energy performance of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems in heat pump operation mode (either cooling or heating is provided but not simultaneously). The main improvement of the new model is the introduction of the evaporating and condensing temperature in the indoor and outdoor unit capacity modifier functions. The independent variables in the capacity modifier functions of the existing VRF model in EnergyPlus are mainly room wet-bulb temperature and outdoor dry-bulb temperature in cooling mode and room dry-bulb temperature and outdoor wet-bulb temperature in heating mode. The new approach allows compliance with different specifications of each indoor unit so that the modeling accuracy is improved. The new VRF model was implemented in a custom version of EnergyPlus 7.2. This paper first describes the algorithm for the new VRF model, which is then used to simulate the energy performance of a VRF system in a Prototype House in California that complies with the requirements of Title 24 - the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards. The VRF system performance is then compared with three other types of HVAC systems: the Title 24-2005 Baseline system, the traditional High Efficiency system, and the EnergyStar Heat Pump system in three typical California climates: Sunnyvale, Pasadena and Fresno. Calculated energy savings from the VRF systems are significant. The HVAC site energy savings range from 51 to 85%, while the TDV (Time Dependent Valuation) energy savings range from 31 to 66% compared to the Title 24 Baseline Systems across the three climates. The largest energy savings are in Fresno climate followed by Sunnyvale and Pasadena. The paper discusses various characteristics of the VRF systems contributing to the energy savings. It should be noted that these savings are calculated using the Title 24 prototype House D under standard operating conditions. Actual performance of the VRF systems for real houses under real operating conditions will vary. C1 [Hong, Tianzhen; Pang, Xiufeng; Schetrit, Oren; Wang, Liping] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Bldg Technol & Urban Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kasahara, Shinichi; Yura, Yoshinori; Hinokuma, Ryohei] Daikin Ind, Osaka, Japan. RP Hong, TZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Bldg Technol & Urban Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU Daikin Industries, Japan; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was sponsored by Daikin Industries, Japan and supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2014 VL 120 IS 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BB8GU UT WOS:000346573500078 ER PT S AU Li, C Hong, TZ AF Li, Cheng Hong, Tianzhen GP ASHRAE TI Revisit of Energy Use and Technologies of High Performance Buildings SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2014, VOL 120, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY APR 16, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP ASHRAE AB Energy consumed by buildings accounts for one third of the world's total primary energy use. Associated with the conscious of energy savings in buildings, High Performance Buildings (HPBs) has surged across the world, with wide promotion and adoption of various performance rating and certification systems. It is valuable to look into the actual energy performance of HPBs and to understand their influencing factors. To shed some light on this topic, this paper conducted a series of portfolio analysis based on a database of 51 high performance office buildings across the world. Analyses showed that the actual site Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of the 51 buildings varied by a factor of up to 11, indicating a large scale of variation of the actual energy performance of the current HPBs. Further analysis of the correlation between EUI and climate elucidated ubiquitous phenomenon of EUI scatter throughout all climate zones, implying that the weather is not a decisive factor, although important, for the actual energy consumption of an individual building. On the building size via EUI, analysis disclosed that smaller buildings have a tendency to achieving lower energy use. Even so, the correlation is not absolute since some large buildings demonstrated low energy use while some small buildings performed opposite. Concerning the technologies, statistics indicated that the application of some technologies had correlations with some specific building size and climate characteristic. However, it was still hard to pinpoint a set of technologies which was directly correlative with a group of low EUI buildings. It is concluded that no a single factor essentially determines the actual energy performance of HPBs. To deliver energy-efficient buildings, an integrated design taking account of climate, technology, occupant behavior as well as operation and maintenance should be implemented. C1 [Li, Cheng; Hong, Tianzhen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Bldg Technol & Urban Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Bldg Technol & Urban Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2014 VL 120 IS 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BB8GU UT WOS:000346573500033 ER PT S AU Liu, XB Malhotra, M Walburger, A Habibzadeh, B AF Liu, Xiaobing Malhotra, Mini Walburger, Adam Habibzadeh, Bahman GP ASHRAE TI Case Study of a Heating Only Central GSHP System Using a Shallow Aquifer for a Warehouse SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2014, VOL 120, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY APR 16, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP ASHRAE AB High initial cost and lack of public awareness of ground source heat pump (GSHP) technology are the two major barriers preventing rapid deployment of this energy saving technology in the United States. Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), 26 GSHP projects have been competitively selected and carried out to demonstrate the benefits of GSHP systems and innovative technologies for cost reduction and/or performance improvement. This paper highlights findings of a case study of one of the ARRA-funded GSHP demonstration projects, which is a heating only central GSHP system using shallow aquifer as heat source and installed at a warehouse and truck bay at Kalispell, MT. This case study is based on the analysis of measured performance data, utility bills, and calculations of energy consumptions of conventional central heating systems for providing the same heat outputs as the central GSHP system did. The evaluated performance metrics include energy efficiency of the heat pump equipment and the overall GSHP system, pumping performance, energy savings, carbon emission reductions, and cost-effectiveness of GSHP system compared with conventional heating systems. This case study also identified areas for reducing uncertainties in performance evaluation, improving operational efficiency, and reducing installed cost of similar GSHP systems in the future. C1 [Liu, Xiaobing; Malhotra, Mini] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, XB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Malhotra, Mini/I-9184-2016 OI Malhotra, Mini/0000-0002-8461-4792 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2014 VL 120 IS 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BB8GU UT WOS:000346573500031 ER PT S AU Lutz, JD AF Lutz, J. D. GP ASHRAE TI A New Method of Near Real-Time Monitoring of Residential Hot Water Distribution System Performance SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2014, VOL 120, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY APR 16, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP ASHRAE AB As houses become better insulated and more efficient furnaces become widespread, water heating energy use can exceed space heating energy use. Although water heater efficiency is improving, the energy impacts of the hot water distribution system delivering the hot water to end uses have been inadequately studied. This paper reports on the initial findings of a field study to evaluate the waste of water and energy in indoor water use in 20 California homes attributable to on-premise hot water distribution systems. The monitoring systems consist of a collection of wireless meters to measure the temperature and flow rates of indoor water use, both hot and cold, at the end use points and at the water heater. The wireless sensor network consists of flow meters connected to wireless motes transmitting data to a central "manager" mote, which sends the information to an embedded computer. The embedded computer is running software to send the collected data through the internet to a server for archiving. The temperature and flow rate data are collected at one second intervals whenever water is flowing. Data at this level of detail provides the ability to discern how much the hot water remaining in pipes since the previous hot water draw has cooled off before it is used. By examining flow rates and temperatures of the water coming out of showerheads, it is possible to measure amount of water (and energy) wasted while the user waits for hot water to arrive. Past studies have estimated the waste at showers to be greater than 25%. This paper reports on a project to update those estimates with direct field measurements. Considerations for designing hot water distribution systems for high performance and sustainable buildings will be presented.. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lutz, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2014 VL 120 IS 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BB8GU UT WOS:000346573500077 ER PT J AU Harris, A Gamon, JA Pastorello, GZ Wong, CYS AF Harris, A. Gamon, J. A. Pastorello, G. Z. Wong, C. Y. S. TI Retrieval of the photochemical reflectance index for assessing xanthophyll cycle activity: a comparison of near-surface optical sensors SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT USE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHETIC DOWN-REGULATION; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION PHENOLOGY; NDVI MEASUREMENTS; DIFFERENT BIOMES; SATELLITE DATA; CO2 EXCHANGE AB Unattended optical sensors are increasingly being deployed on eddy covariance flux towers and are often used to complement existing vegetation and micrometeorological measurements to enable assessment of biophysical states and biogeochemical processes over a range of spatial scales. Of particular interest are sensors that can measure the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), which can provide information pertaining to leaf pigments and photosynthetic activity. This interest has facilitated the production of a new range of lower-cost multispectral sensors specifically designed to measure temporal changes in the PRI signal. However, little is known about the characteristics (spectral, radiometric and temporal) of many of these PRI sensors, making it difficult to compare data obtained from these sensors across time, geographical locations and instruments. Furthermore, direct testing of the capability of these sensors to actually detect the conversion of the xanthophyll cycle, which is the original biological basis of the PRI diurnal signal, is largely absent, often resulting in an unclear interpretation of the signal, particularly given the wide range of factors now known to influence PRI. Through a series of experiments, we assess the sensitivity of one of the leading brands of PRI sensor (Skye SKR 1800) to changes in vegetation photosynthetic activity in response to changing irradiance. We compare the results with those obtained using a more expensive industry-standard visible to near-infrared hyperspectral spectrometer (PP Systems UniSpec) and determine the radiometric compatibility of measurements made by the different instruments. Results suggest that the SKR 1800 instrument is able to track rapid (seconds to minutes) and more gradual diurnal changes in photosynthetic activity associated with xanthophyll cycle pigment conversion. Measurements obtained from both the high and lower cost instrument were significantly linearly correlated but were subject to a large systematic bias, illustrating that differences in instrument configuration (e. g. spectral response functions and band positions) can have a large impact on the PRI measurement values obtained. Despite differences in absolute PRI values, significant correlations were observed between the canopy PRI derived from both the SKR 1800 and the UniSpec instruments, and the epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (r(2) = 0.46 p < 0.05 and r(2) = 0.76 p < 0.01, respectively). However, the dynamic range of the SKR 1800 PRI signal was often lower than more expensive instruments and thus the lower cost multispectral instrument may be less sensitive to pigment dynamics related to photosynthetic activity. Based on our findings, we make a series of recommendations for the effective use of such sensors under field conditions and advocate that sensors should be fully characterized prior to their field deployment. C1 [Harris, A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Environm Educ & Dev, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Gamon, J. A.; Wong, C. Y. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Gamon, J. A.; Wong, C. Y. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Pastorello, G. Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harris, A (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Environm Educ & Dev, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM angela.harris@manchester.ac.uk RI Harris, Angela/C-6076-2011; Gamon, John/A-2641-2014; Pastorello, Gilberto/N-8395-2015; Wong, Christopher/A-6984-2016 OI Harris, Angela/0000-0002-2184-0274; Gamon, John/0000-0002-8269-7723; Pastorello, Gilberto/0000-0002-9387-3702; Wong, Christopher/0000-0001-9608-9916 FU EUROSPEC - Cost Action Short Term Scientific Mission grant [ES0903]; NSERC; iCORE/AITF award; CFI grant FX The work was partially supported by a EUROSPEC - Cost Action ES0903 Short Term Scientific Mission grant (awarded to A. Harris). Additional support was provided by an NSERC Discovery Grant, an iCORE/AITF award and a CFI grant (awarded to J.A. Gamon). Olga Kovalchuk (University of Alberta, Canada) and Enrica Nestola (Institute of AgroEnvironmental & Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano, Italy) are also thanked for their help during the fieldwork. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 22 BP 6277 EP 6292 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6277-2014 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CJ UT WOS:000346356800008 ER PT J AU Di Vittorio, AV Chini, LP Bond-Lamberty, B Mao, J Shi, X Truesdale, J Craig, A Calvin, K Jones, A Collins, WD Edmonds, J Hurtt, GC Thornton, P Thomson, A AF Di Vittorio, A. V. Chini, L. P. Bond-Lamberty, B. Mao, J. Shi, X. Truesdale, J. Craig, A. Calvin, K. Jones, A. Collins, W. D. Edmonds, J. Hurtt, G. C. Thornton, P. Thomson, A. TI From land use to land cover: restoring the afforestation signal in a coupled integrated assessment-earth system model and the implications for CMIP5 RCP simulations SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; WOOD-HARVEST; SECONDARY LANDS; USE TRANSITIONS; CARBON-CYCLE; EMISSIONS; CO2; IMPACTS; STABILIZATION; AGRICULTURE AB Climate projections depend on scenarios of fossil fuel emissions and land use change, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 parallel process assumes consistent climate scenarios across integrated assessment and earth system models (IAMs and ESMs). The CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) project used a novel "land use harmonization" based on the Global Land use Model (GLM) to provide ESMs with consistent 1500-2100 land use trajectories generated by historical data and four IAMs. A direct coupling of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), GLM, and the Community ESM (CESM) has allowed us to characterize and partially address a major gap in the CMIP5 land coupling design: the lack of a corresponding land cover harmonization. For RCP4.5, CESM global afforestation is only 22% of GCAM's 2005 to 2100 afforestation. Likewise, only 17% of GCAM's 2040 afforestation, and zero pasture loss, were transmitted to CESM within the directly coupled model. This is a problem because GCAM relied on afforestation to achieve RCP4.5 climate stabilization. GLM modifications and sharing forest area between GCAM and GLM within the directly coupled model did not increase CESM afforestation. Modifying the land use translator in addition to GLM, however, enabled CESM to include 66% of GCAM's afforestation in 2040, and 94% of GCAM's pasture loss as grassland and shrubland losses. This additional afforestation increases CESM vegetation carbon gain by 19 PgC and decreases atmospheric CO2 gain by 8 ppmv from 2005 to 2040, which demonstrates that CESM without additional afforestation simulates a different RCP4.5 scenario than prescribed by GCAM. Similar land cover inconsistencies exist in other CMIP5 model results, primarily because land cover information is not shared between models. Further work to harmonize land cover among models will be required to increase fidelity between IAM scenarios and ESM simulations and realize the full potential of scenario-based earth system simulations. C1 [Di Vittorio, A. V.; Truesdale, J.; Craig, A.; Jones, A.; Collins, W. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chini, L. P.; Hurtt, G. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bond-Lamberty, B.; Calvin, K.; Edmonds, J.; Thomson, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Mao, J.; Shi, X.; Thornton, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Di Vittorio, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM avdivittorio@lbl.gov RI Collins, William/J-3147-2014; Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Jones, Andrew/M-4363-2013; Di Vittorio, Alan/M-5325-2013; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012 OI Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-1913-7870; Di Vittorio, Alan/0000-0002-8139-4640; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) of the US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We are extremely grateful to Peter Lawrence (National Center for Atmospheric Research) for providing the original CESM land use translation code. We also thank the reviewers for helping us clarify and strengthen this paper. This material is based on work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Integrated Assessment Research and Earth System Modeling Programs. This project used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) of the US Department of Energy. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 22 BP 6435 EP 6450 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6435-2014 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CJ UT WOS:000346356800020 ER PT J AU Hugelius, G Strauss, J Zubrzycki, S Harden, JW Schuur, EAG Ping, CL Schirrmeister, L Grosse, G Michaelson, GJ Koven, CD O'Donnell, JA Elberling, B Mishra, U Camill, P Yu, Z Palmtag, J Kuhry, P AF Hugelius, G. Strauss, J. Zubrzycki, S. Harden, J. W. Schuur, E. A. G. Ping, C. -L. Schirrmeister, L. Grosse, G. Michaelson, G. J. Koven, C. D. O'Donnell, J. A. Elberling, B. Mishra, U. Camill, P. Yu, Z. Palmtag, J. Kuhry, P. TI Estimated stocks of circumpolar permafrost carbon with quantified uncertainty ranges and identified data gaps SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERIOR ALASKA; ARCTIC ALASKA; RIVER DELTA; REGION; LENA; POOL; VULNERABILITY; FEEDBACKS AB Soils and other unconsolidated deposits in the northern circumpolar permafrost region store large amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). This SOC is potentially vulnerable to remobilization following soil warming and permafrost thaw, but SOC stock estimates were poorly constrained and quantitative error estimates were lacking. This study presents revised estimates of permafrost SOC stocks, including quantitative uncertainty estimates, in the 0-3m depth range in soils as well as for sediments deeper than 3m in deltaic deposits of major rivers and in the Yedoma region of Siberia and Alaska. Revised estimates are based on significantly larger databases compared to previous studies. Despite this there is evidence of significant remaining regional data gaps. Estimates remain particularly poorly constrained for soils in the High Arctic region and physiographic regions with thin sedimentary overburden (mountains, highlands and plateaus) as well as for deposits below 3mdepth in deltas and the Yedoma region. While some components of the revised SOC stocks are similar in magnitude to those previously reported for this region, there are substantial differences in other components, including the fraction of perennially frozen SOC. Upscaled based on regional soil maps, estimated permafrost region SOC stocks are 217 +/- 12 and 472 +/- 27 Pg for the 0-0.3 and 0-1 m soil depths, respectively (+/- 95% confidence intervals). Storage of SOC in 0-3m of soils is estimated to 1035 +/- 150 Pg. Of this, 34 +/- 16 PgC is stored in poorly developed soils of the High Arctic. Based on generalized calculations, storage of SOC below 3m of surface soils in deltaic alluvium of major Arctic rivers is estimated as 91 +/- 52 Pg. In the Yedoma region, estimated SOC stocks below 3mdepth are 181 +/- 54 Pg, of which 74 +/- 20 Pg is stored in intact Yedoma (late Pleistocene ice-and organic-rich silty sediments) with the remainder in refrozen thermokarst deposits. Total estimated SOC storage for the permafrost region is similar to 1300 Pg with an uncertainty range of similar to 1100 to 1500 Pg. Of this, similar to 500 Pg is in non-permafrost soils, seasonally thawed in the active layer or in deeper taliks, while similar to 800 Pg is perennially frozen. This represents a substantial similar to 300 Pg lowering of the estimated perennially frozen SOC stock compared to previous estimates. C1 [Hugelius, G.; Palmtag, J.; Kuhry, P.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Strauss, J.; Schirrmeister, L.; Grosse, G.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Periglacial Res Unit Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Zubrzycki, S.] Univ Hamburg, Ctr Earth Syst Res & Sustainabil CEN, Inst Soil Sci, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Harden, J. W.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Soc, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Schuur, E. A. G.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Ping, C. -L.; Michaelson, G. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Koven, C. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [O'Donnell, J. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Arctic Network, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Elberling, B.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, CENPERM Ctr Permafrost, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Mishra, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Earth & Oceanog Sci Dept, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Camill, P.] Bowdoin Coll, Environm Studies Program, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Yu, Z.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Hugelius, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Quaternary Geol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM gustaf.hugelius@natgeo.su.se RI Schirrmeister, Lutz/O-5584-2015; Elberling, Bo/M-4000-2014; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Grosse, Guido/F-5018-2011; Zubrzycki, Sebastian/J-7418-2016; Strauss, Jens/P-6544-2014 OI Schirrmeister, Lutz/0000-0001-9455-0596; Elberling, Bo/0000-0002-6023-885X; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Grosse, Guido/0000-0001-5895-2141; Zubrzycki, Sebastian/0000-0002-6398-9173; Strauss, Jens/0000-0003-4678-4982 FU International Permafrost Association; EU 7th framework PAGE21 project; Nordic Centres of Excellence DEFROST project; Swedish Research Council as a part of the International Program CryoCARB; Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University; National Science Foundation; Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01DM12011]; German National Academic Foundation; BMBF project "CarboPerm" [03G0836A]; Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP", Universitat Hamburg - German Research Foundation (DFG) [EXC177]; European Research Council Starting Grant [338335]; Center for Permafrost - Danish National Research Foundation [CENPERM DNRF100]; USDA-Hatch project; US NSF [ARC-1107981] FX We are grateful to C. Tarnocai for providing pedon data as well as insightful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for providing detailed and insightful comments, especially regarding calculations of estimate uncertainties. This work was supported by grants from the International Permafrost Association, the EU 7th framework PAGE21 project, the Nordic Centres of Excellence DEFROST project, a grant of the Swedish Research Council as a part of the International Program CryoCARB and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University. This effort is also a contribution to the Global Carbon Project of the Earth System Science Partnership, the Carbon Stocks in Permafrost regions Project of the International Permafrost Association and the Vulnerability of Permafrost Carbon Research Coordination Network under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The contributions of J. Strauss were funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01DM12011) and the German National Academic Foundation. The contributions of S. Zubrzycki were partly supported through the BMBF project "CarboPerm" (03G0836A), and partly supported through the Cluster of Excellence "CliSAP" (EXC177), Universitat Hamburg, funded through the German Research Foundation (DFG). The contributions of G. Grosse were supported by a European Research Council Starting Grant (#338335). The contributions of B. Elberling were supported by the Center for Permafrost, funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (CENPERM DNRF100). The contributions of G. J. Michaelson and C. L. Ping were supported by the USDA-Hatch project. The contributions of Z. C. Yu were supported by the US NSF (ARC-1107981). NR 73 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 29 U2 151 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 23 BP 6573 EP 6593 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6573-2014 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CM UT WOS:000346357100005 ER PT J AU Bouskill, NJ Riley, WJ Tang, JY AF Bouskill, N. J. Riley, W. J. Tang, J. Y. TI Meta-analysis of high-latitude nitrogen-addition and warming studies implies ecological mechanisms overlooked by land models SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES; CARBON USE EFFICIENCY; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CYCLE MODELS; PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PERMAFROST THAW; GLOBAL PATTERNS AB Accurate representation of ecosystem processes in land models is crucial for reducing predictive uncertainty in energy and greenhouse gas feedbacks with the climate. Here we describe an observational and modeling meta-analysis approach to benchmark land models, and apply the method to the land model CLM4.5 with two versions of belowground biogeochemistry. We focused our analysis on the aboveground and belowground responses to warming and nitrogen addition in high-latitude ecosystems, and identified absent or poorly parameterized mechanisms in CLM4.5. While the two model versions predicted similar soil carbon stock trajectories following both warming and nitrogen addition, other predicted variables (e.g., belowground respiration) differed from observations in both magnitude and direction, indicating that CLM4.5 has inadequate underlying mechanisms for representing high-latitude ecosystems. On the basis of observational synthesis, we attribute the model-observation differences to missing representations of microbial dynamics, aboveground and belowground coupling, and nutrient cycling, and we use the observational meta-analysis to discuss potential approaches to improving the current models. However, we also urge caution concerning the selection of data sets and experiments for meta-analysis. For example, the concentrations of nitrogen applied in the synthesized field experiments (average = 72 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)) are many times higher than projected soil nitrogen concentrations (from nitrogen deposition and release during mineralization), which precludes a rigorous evaluation of the model responses to likely nitrogen perturbations. Overall, we demonstrate that elucidating ecological mechanisms via meta-analysis can identify deficiencies in ecosystem models and empirical experiments. C1 [Bouskill, N. J.; Riley, W. J.; Tang, J. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bouskill, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM njbouskill@lbl.gov RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Bouskill, Nick/G-2390-2015; Tang, Jinyun/M-4922-2013 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; Tang, Jinyun/0000-0002-4792-1259 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystems Experiments (NGEE Arctic) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) program FX We acknowledge the constructive comments of Steven Allison and two anonymous reviewers that improved this manuscript. This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Next-Generation Ecosystems Experiments (NGEE Arctic) and the Regional and Global Climate Modeling (RGCM) program. NR 100 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 11 U2 77 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 23 BP 6969 EP 6983 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6969-2014 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CM UT WOS:000346357100031 ER PT S AU Schwadron, NA Adams, FC Christian, E Desiati, P Frisch, P Funsten, HO Jokipii, JR McComas, DJ Moebius, E Zank, G AF Schwadron, N. A. Adams, F. C. Christian, E. Desiati, P. Frisch, P. Funsten, H. O. Jokipii, J. R. McComas, D. J. Moebius, E. Zank, G. GP IOP TI Anisotropies in TeV Cosmic Rays Related to the IBEX Ribbon SO COSMIC RAY ANISOTROPY WORKSHOP 2013 (CRA2013) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Cosmic Ray Anisotropy Workshop (CRA) CY SEP 26-28, 2013 CL Madison, WI ID INTERSTELLAR BOUNDARY EXPLORER; ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS; LO OBSERVATIONS; CLOUD; SCINTILLATION; HELIOSPHERE; SPECTRUM; ICECUBE; SIRIUS; FLUX AB The Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observes enhanced Energetic Neutral Atoms (ENAs) emission in the keV energy range from a narrow (similar to 20 degrees wide) "ribbon" in the sky that appears to be centered on the direction of the local interstellar (LIS) magnetic field. The Milagro collaboration, the As gamma collaboration and the Ice Cube observatory have recently made global maps of cosmic ray fluxes in the TeV energy range, revealing anisotropic structures ordered in part by the local interstellar magnetic field and the interstellar flow. This paper following from a recent publication in Science makes the link between these disparate observations by developing a simple model of the magnetic structure surrounding the heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM) that is consistent with both IBEX ENA fluxes and TeV cosmic ray anisotropies. The model also employs the revised velocity direction of the LIC derived from neutral He observations by IBEX. By modeling the propagation of cosmic rays through this magnetic field structure, we specifically show that (1) the large-scale TeV anisotropy provides a roughly consistent orientation for the local interstellar magnetic field at the center of the IBEX Ribbon and corroborates the similar to 3 mu G magnitude of the local interstellar magnetic field derived from IBEX observations of the global heliosphere; (2) and small-scale structures in cosmic rays (over <30 degrees angular scales) are influenced by the interstellar field interaction with the heliosphere at energies < 10 TeV. Thus, we provide a link between IBEX ENA observations, IBEX neutral observations of interstellar He, and TeV cosmic ray anisotropies, which are strongly influenced by the interactions between the local interstellar magnetic field, the flow of the local interstellar plasma, and the global heliosphere. C1 [Schwadron, N. A.; Moebius, E.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Schwadron, N. A.; McComas, D. J.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Adams, F. C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Christian, E.] Goddard Spaceflight Inst, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Desiati, P.] Univ Wisconsin, Ice Cube Res Ctr & Astron Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Frisch, P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Funsten, H. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jokipii, J. R.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [McComas, D. J.] Univ Texas, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. [Zank, G.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Schwadron, NA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM n.schwadron@unh.edu RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015; OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Moebius, Eberhard/0000-0002-2745-6978 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 531 AR UNSP 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/531/1/012010 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BB8EK UT WOS:000346469100010 ER PT J AU Balendiran, GK Pandian, JR Drake, E Vinayak, A Verma, M Cascio, D AF Balendiran, Ganesaratnam K. Pandian, J. Rajendran Drake, Evin Vinayak, Anubhav Verma, Malkhey Cascio, Duilio TI B-factor Analysis and Conformational Rearrangement of Aldose Reductase SO CURRENT PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Aldo-keto reductase; B-factor; clustering; crystal structure; statistical analysis; structural dynamics; TLS ID PROTEIN VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS; MUTANT-NADP COMPLEX; RIGID-BODY MOTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; SUBSTRATE-BINDING; X-RAY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT; DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB The NADPH-dependent reduction of glucose reaction that is catalyzed by Aldose Reductase (AR) follows a sequential ordered kinetic mechanism in which the co-factor NADPH binds to the enzyme prior to the aldehyde substrate. The kinetic/structural experiments have found a conformational change involving a hinge-like movement of a surface loop (residues 213-224) which is anticipated to take place upon the binding of the diphosphate moiety of NADPH. The reorientation of this loop, expected to permit the release of NADP(+), represents the rate-limiting step of the catalytic mechanism. This study reveals: 1) The Translation/Libration/Screw (TLS) analysis of absolute B-factors of apo AR crystal structures indicates that the 212-224 loop might move as a rigid group. 2) Residues that make the flexible loop slide in the AR binary and ternary complexes. 3) The normalized B-factors separate this segment into three differnt clusters with fewer residues. C1 [Balendiran, Ganesaratnam K.; Drake, Evin; Vinayak, Anubhav] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Pandian, J. Rajendran] Gulf Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Business Adm, Coll Business Adm, Mubarak Al Abdullah Area West Mishref, Mubarak Al Abdullah, Kuwait. [Verma, Malkhey] Univ Manchester, Manchester Inst Biotechnol, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, England. [Cascio, Duilio] UCLA DOE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Balendiran, GK (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, WBSH 6017,One Univ Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. EM pl_note@yahoo.com FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and Dean's Reassign time [DK085496] FX This work is supported by funding DK085496 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and Dean's Reassign time. We thank Dr. Michael Sawaya for helpful discussion and Dr. Ethan Merritt for explaining the aspects related to TLS analysis in multiple occasions. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1570-1646 EI 1875-6247 J9 CURR PROTEOMICS JI Curr. Proteomics PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AW7YE UT WOS:000346476700001 PM 25364319 ER PT S AU Parker, SF Fernandez-Alonso, F Ramirez-Cuesta, AJ Tomkinson, J Rudic, S Pinna, RS Gorini, G Castanon, JF AF Parker, Stewart F. Fernandez-Alonso, Felix Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J. Tomkinson, John Rudic, Svemir Pinna, Roberto S. Gorini, Giuseppe Fernandez Castanon, Javier BE JimenezRuiz, M Parker, SF TI Recent and future developments on TOSCA at ISIS SO DYNAMICS OF MOLECULES AND MATERIALS-II SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Dynamics of Molecules and Materials (DMM) CY JUL 05-06, 2013 CL Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Sci & Technol Facilities Council, Neutrons Sci HO Univ Glasgow AB TOSCA is a high-resolution neutron spectrometer at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source. The instrument is optimised for broadband vibrational spectroscopy in the 0 - 4000 cm(-1) region and it has been operational since 2000. This paper describes how the instrument has been progressively upgraded in the intervening years to enable new science. Future upgrades are outlined. C1 [Parker, Stewart F.; Fernandez-Alonso, Felix; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.; Tomkinson, John; Rudic, Svemir] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Fernandez-Alonso, Felix] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CEMD, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pinna, Roberto S.; Gorini, Giuseppe] Univ Milano Bicocca, CNISM, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Fernandez Castanon, Javier] Univ Oviedo, Fac Ciencias, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain. [Fernandez Castanon, Javier] ILL Grenoble, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Parker, SF (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM stewart.parker@stfc.ac.uk RI Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/A-4296-2010; Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016; OI Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/0000-0003-1231-0068; Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901; Fernandez-Castanon, Javier/0000-0002-9994-8461; Parker, Stewart/0000-0002-3228-2570 FU UK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC); framework of past and current CNR-STFC agreements for collaborative research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for financial support and access to beamtime at ISIS. This work has been partially supported within the framework of past and current CNR-STFC agreements for collaborative research between Italy and ISIS. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 554 AR UNSP 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/554/1/012003 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BB8EM UT WOS:000346475200003 ER PT S AU Parker, SF Ramirez-Cuesta, AJ Albers, PW Lennon, D AF Parker, Stewart F. Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J. Albers, Peter W. Lennon, David BE JimenezRuiz, M Parker, SF TI The use of direct geometry spectrometers in molecular spectroscopy SO DYNAMICS OF MOLECULES AND MATERIALS-II SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Dynamics of Molecules and Materials (DMM) CY JUL 05-06, 2013 CL Univ Glasgow, Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP Sci & Technol Facilities Council, Neutrons Sci HO Univ Glasgow ID CATALYZED SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION AB The advantages and disadvantages of the use of direct geometry spectrometers for molecular spectroscopy and catalysis studies are described. We show that both direct and indirect geometry INS spectrometers are important tools for the study of industrially relevant areas such as catalysis, proton conductors and gas separation. We propose a novel hybrid instrument, Cerberus, that would offer high sensitivity and high-to-reasonable resolution across the entire 'mid-infrared' spectral range that would effectively advance research in these areas. C1 [Parker, Stewart F.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CEMD, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Albers, Peter W.] AQura GmbH, D-63457 Hanau, Germany. [Lennon, David] Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. RP Parker, SF (reprint author), STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM stewart.parker@stfc.ac.uk RI Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/A-4296-2010; OI Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/0000-0003-1231-0068; Parker, Stewart/0000-0002-3228-2570 FU EPSRC [EP/E028861/1] FX Acknowledgments The STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory is thanked for access to neutron beam facilities. The EPSRC are thanked for project support (Grant EP/E028861/1). NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 554 AR UNSP 012004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/554/1/012004 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BB8EM UT WOS:000346475200004 ER PT J AU Gilbert, JA AF Gilbert, Jack A. TI Science is innate! SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID MICROBIOTA C1 [Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Gilbert, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gilbertjack@anl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2014 VL 15 IS 10 AR 477 DI 10.1186/s13059-014-0477-0 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AW9WH UT WOS:000346605500004 PM 25315295 ER PT J AU Ibn-Salem, J Koohler, S Love, MI Chung, HR Huang, N Hurles, ME Haendel, M Washington, NL Smedley, D Mungall, CJ Lewis, SE Ott, CE Bauer, S Schofield, PN Mundlos, S Spielmann, M Robinson, PN AF Ibn-Salem, Jonas Koehler, Sebastian Love, Michael I. Chung, Ho-Ryun Huang, Ni Hurles, Matthew E. Haendel, Melissa Washington, Nicole L. Smedley, Damian Mungall, Christopher J. Lewis, Suzanna E. Ott, Claus-Eric Bauer, Sebastian Schofield, Paul N. Mundlos, Stefan Spielmann, Malte Robinson, Peter N. TI Deletions of chromosomal regulatory boundaries are associated with congenital disease SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME BROWSER DATABASE; DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; MENTAL-RETARDATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; OPEN CHROMATIN; PHENOTYPE; ENHANCERS; ELEMENTS; CELLS; ORGANIZATION AB Background: Recent data from genome-wide chromosome conformation capture analysis indicate that the human genome is divided into conserved megabase-sized self-interacting regions called topological domains. These topological domains form the regulatory backbone of the genome and are separated by regulatory boundary elements or barriers. Copy-number variations can potentially alter the topological domain architecture by deleting or duplicating the barriers and thereby allowing enhancers from neighboring domains to ectopically activate genes causing misexpression and disease, a mutational mechanism that has recently been termed enhancer adoption. Results: We use the Human Phenotype Ontology database to relate the phenotypes of 922 deletion cases recorded in the DECIPHER database to monogenic diseases associated with genes in or adjacent to the deletions. We identify combinations of tissue-specific enhancers and genes adjacent to the deletion and associated with phenotypes in the corresponding tissue, whereby the phenotype matched that observed in the deletion. We compare this computationally with a gene-dosage pathomechanism that attempts to explain the deletion phenotype based on haploinsufficiency of genes located within the deletions. Up to 11.8% of the deletions could be best explained by enhancer adoption or a combination of enhancer adoption and gene-dosage effects. Conclusions: Our results suggest that enhancer adoption caused by deletions of regulatory boundaries may contribute to a substantial minority of copy-number variation phenotypes and should thus be taken into account in their medical interpretation. C1 [Ibn-Salem, Jonas; Robinson, Peter N.] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Math & Comp Sci, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Ibn-Salem, Jonas; Love, Michael I.; Chung, Ho-Ryun; Ott, Claus-Eric; Mundlos, Stefan; Spielmann, Malte; Robinson, Peter N.] Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Ibn-Salem, Jonas; Koehler, Sebastian; Bauer, Sebastian; Mundlos, Stefan; Spielmann, Malte; Robinson, Peter N.] Charite, Inst Med & Human Genet, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. [Love, Michael I.; Robinson, Peter N.] Int Max Planck Res Sch Computat Biol & Sci Comp, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Huang, Ni; Hurles, Matthew E.; Smedley, Damian] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Hinxton CB10 1SA, England. [Haendel, Melissa] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med Informat & Clin Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Washington, Nicole L.; Mungall, Christopher J.; Lewis, Suzanna E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schofield, Paul N.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Schofield, Paul N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Physiol Dev & Neurosci, Cambridge CB2 3EG, England. [Mundlos, Stefan; Robinson, Peter N.] Berlin Brandenburg Ctr Regenerat Therapies BCRT, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. RP Spielmann, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Genet, Ihnestr 63-73, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM malte.spielmann@charite.de; peter.robinson@charite.de RI Ott, Claus/G-1936-2011; OI Washington, Nicole/0000-0001-8936-9143; Love, Michael/0000-0001-8401-0545; Ibn-Salem, Jonas/0000-0001-9886-113X; Kohler, Sebastian/0000-0002-5316-1399 FU Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [0313911]; European Community [602300]; National Institutes of Health (NIH Office of the Director Grant) [5R24OD011883]; Max Planck Foundation; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany FX This work was supported by grants from the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (project number 0313911), by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (grant agreement 602300; SYBIL), the National Institutes of Health (NIH Office of the Director Grant #5R24OD011883), and by a grant from the Max Planck Foundation to SM. MS was supported by a fellowship of the Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany. NR 65 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2014 VL 15 IS 9 AR 423 DI 10.1186/s13059-014-0423-1 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AW9WA UT WOS:000346604700001 PM 25315429 ER PT J AU Lee, H McManus, CJ Cho, DY Eaton, M Renda, F Somma, MP Cherbas, L May, G Powell, S Zhang, DY Zhan, LJ Resch, A Andrews, J Celniker, SE Cherbas, P Przytycka, TM Gatti, M Oliver, B Graveley, B MacAlpine, D AF Lee, Hangnoh McManus, C. Joel Cho, Dong-Yeon Eaton, Matthew Renda, Fioranna Somma, Maria Patrizia Cherbas, Lucy May, Gemma Powell, Sara Zhang, Dayu Zhan, Lijun Resch, Alissa Andrews, Justen Celniker, Susan E. Cherbas, Peter Przytycka, Teresa M. Gatti, Maurizio Oliver, Brian Graveley, Brenton MacAlpine, David TI DNA copy number evolution in Drosophila cell lines SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOSAGE COMPENSATION; RNA-SEQ; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; NEXT-GENERATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN GENOME; S2 CELLS; MELANOGASTER; ANEUPLOIDY AB Background: Structural rearrangements of the genome resulting in genic imbalance due to copy number change are often deleterious at the organismal level, but are common in immortalized cell lines and tumors, where they may be an advantage to cells. In order to explore the biological consequences of copy number changes in the Drosophila genome, we resequenced the genomes of 19 tissue-culture cell lines and generated RNA-Seq profiles. Results: Our work revealed dramatic duplications and deletions in all cell lines. We found three lines of evidence indicating that copy number changes were due to selection during tissue culture. First, we found that copy numbers correlated to maintain stoichiometric balance in protein complexes and biochemical pathways, consistent with the gene balance hypothesis. Second, while most copy number changes were cell line-specific, we identified some copy number changes shared by many of the independent cell lines. These included dramatic recurrence of increased copy number of the PDGF/VEGF receptor, which is also over-expressed in many cancer cells, and of bantam, an anti-apoptosis miRNA. Third, even when copy number changes seemed distinct between lines, there was strong evidence that they supported a common phenotypic outcome. For example, we found that proto-oncogenes were over-represented in one cell line (S2-DRSC), whereas tumor suppressor genes were under-represented in another (Kc167). Conclusion: Our study illustrates how genome structure changes may contribute to selection of cell lines in vitro. This has implications for other cell-level natural selection progressions, including tumorigenesis. C1 [Lee, Hangnoh; Oliver, Brian] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [McManus, C. Joel; May, Gemma; Zhan, Lijun; Resch, Alissa; Graveley, Brenton] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Inst Syst Genom, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. [Cho, Dong-Yeon; Przytycka, Teresa M.] Natl Lib Med, Computat Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Eaton, Matthew; Powell, Sara; MacAlpine, David] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Renda, Fioranna; Somma, Maria Patrizia; Gatti, Maurizio] Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNR, IBPM, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Renda, Fioranna; Somma, Maria Patrizia; Gatti, Maurizio] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Biol & Biotecnol, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cherbas, Lucy; Zhang, Dayu; Andrews, Justen; Cherbas, Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Celniker, Susan E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Genome Dynam, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Dayu] Zhejiang A&F Univ, Sch Agr & Food Sci, Linan 311300, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Oliver, B (reprint author), NIDDK, NIH, 50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM briano@helix.nih.gov; graveley@uchc.edu; david.macalpine@duke.edu RI McManus, Joel/S-3104-2016; OI McManus, Joel/0000-0002-6605-2642; Graveley, Brenton/0000-0001-5777-5892; Gatti, Maurizio/0000-0003-3777-300X FU National Human Genome Research Institute modENCODE Project [U01 HG004271, HG004279]; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) [IG10793]; Intramural Research Programs of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Library of Medicine FX We thank modENCODE and members of the Gatti, McManus and Przytycka labs for useful discussions; Valentina Boeva, Can Alkan, and Dave Sturgill for help on copy number and splicing analyses; Jeremy Sandler, Ben Booth and Joe Carlson for assistance with RNA-Seq analysis; and Allen Gibbs, Tim Westwood, and Yu Zhang for insightful comments. This work was supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute modENCODE Project (U01 HG004271 to SEC and HG004279 to DMM), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC, IG10793) to MG, and the Intramural Research Programs of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (BO) and National Library of Medicine (TP). This study utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the NIH, Bethesda, MD. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIH. NR 106 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 EI 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2014 VL 15 IS 8 AR R70 DI 10.1186/gb-2014-15-8-r70 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA AW9UU UT WOS:000346604100001 PM 25262759 ER PT J AU Wang, HP Plawski, T Rimmer, R Dexter, A Tahir, I Neubauer, M Dudas, A AF Wang, Haipeng Plawski, Tomasz Rimmer, Robert Dexter, Amos Tahir, Imran Neubauer, Mike Dudas, Alan GP IEEE TI System Study Using Injection Phase Locked Magnetron as an Alternative Source for Superconducting Radio Frequency Accelerator SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE magnetron; phase-locked; frequency-locked; amplitude modulated; SRF; power source; low level RF AB As a drop-in replacement of Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) 5kW CW klystron system, a 1497MHz, high efficiency magnetron using injection phase lock [1] and slow amplitude variation using magnetic field trimming and anode voltage modulation has been studied systematically using MatLab/Simulink simulations. The magnetron model is based the characteristics of experiment and manufacture chart on a 2.45GHz cooker type CW magnetron. To achieve high performance of a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) acceleration cavity with an electron beam loading, the magnetron's low level radio frequency (LLRF) control has been studied in two lock loops. In the frequency lock loop, the characterized anode V-I curve, output power (the tube electronic efficiency) and frequency dependence to the anode current (pushing by Vaughan model) and the Rieke diagram (frequency pulling by the reactive load) are simulated. The magnetic field B and anode voltage V in Hartree condition are satisfied and the effect of filament heater power to the frequency lock is also included. In the phase lock loop, the Adler equation governing injection phase stability is included in this study. The control of the magnet trim-coil power-supply and of the anode voltage modulation-switching power-supply has been also simulated to achieve the amplitude modulation. The result of linear responses to the amplitude and phase of SRF cavity will be presented in this paper. The requirement of LLRF control will be given by this result. C1 [Wang, Haipeng; Plawski, Tomasz; Rimmer, Robert] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23059 USA. [Dexter, Amos; Tahir, Imran] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Neubauer, Mike; Dudas, Alan] Muons Inc, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wang, HP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23059 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3424-9 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2014 BP 443 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB7ZW UT WOS:000346166100179 ER PT S AU Seidel, J Ramesh, R AF Seidel, Jan Ramesh, Ramamoorthy BE Saxena, A Planes, A TI Nanoscale Characterization of Multiferroic Materials SO MESOSCOPIC PHENOMENA IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FERROELECTRIC DOMAIN-WALLS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; BIFEO3 FILMS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; BISMUTH FERRITE; DOPED BIFEO3; ATOMIC-SCALE; THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTION; OXIDES AB Research on multiferroic materials over the last years has greatly benefitted from new developments and advanced methodology in characterization, such as scanning probe microscopy (SPM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron- based X-ray spectroscopy and microscopy techniques such as X-ray absorption (XAS) and X-ray circular and linear magnetic dichroism combined with photoelectron emission microscopy (XMCD- and XMLD-PEEM), Raman spectroscopy, second-harmonic generation (SHG), neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Mossbauer spectroscopy, to name only the more common ones. All these techniques have been applied in the study of multiferroics to extract critical information and give new insights on various length scales, including the nanoscale. In this chapter we present a general overview over major experimental techniques to characterize multiferroic materials. C1 [Seidel, Jan] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Seidel, J (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM jan.seidel@unsw.edu.au; rramesh@berkeley.edu NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-55375-2; 978-3-642-55374-5 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2014 VL 198 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2 PG 21 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BB7TR UT WOS:000345996000002 ER PT S AU Saxena, A Planes, A AF Saxena, Avadh Planes, Antoni BE Saxena, A Planes, A TI Mesoscopic Phenomena in Multifunctional Materials Synthesis, Characterization, Modeling and Applications Preface SO MESOSCOPIC PHENOMENA IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Saxena, Avadh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Planes, Antoni] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Estruct & Constituents Mat, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-55375-2; 978-3-642-55374-5 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2014 VL 198 BP V EP VI D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BB7TR UT WOS:000345996000001 ER PT S AU Lookman, T AF Lookman, Turab BE Saxena, A Planes, A TI Heterogeneities, The Mesoscale and Multifunctional Materials Codesign: Insights and Challenges SO MESOSCOPIC PHENOMENA IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLASSIFICATION; MATTER AB Predicting materials performance, as well as designing and discovering new multifunctional and structural materials, demand a greater understanding of how heterogeneities and novel properties emerge at the mesoscale. Similarly, advances in computation and temporal and spatially resolved in situ measurements at light sources delivering coherent X-rays using XFELs, will allow us to probe the underlying physics of collective behavior. We review broadly some of the outstanding challenges that lay ahead in bringing together theory, experiments and computation in understanding and designing multifunctional and structural materials. Exascale computation and the development of innovative information theoretic tools, within the paradigm of codesign, promise exciting developments as we bridge the gap in our understanding of the mesoscale under extreme conditions and learn to design materials with targeted properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lookman, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM txl@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-55375-2; 978-3-642-55374-5 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2014 VL 198 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BB7TR UT WOS:000345996000004 ER PT S AU Castan, T Planes, A Saxena, A AF Castan, Teresa Planes, Antoni Saxena, Avadh BE Saxena, A Planes, A TI Thermodynamics of Multiferroic Materials SO MESOSCOPIC PHENOMENA IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; FERROELECTRICS; FERROELASTICS; MARTENSITE; CRYSTALS; DISORDER; TEXTURES; MODEL AB This chapter deals with the Thermodynamics of multiferroic materials. We first discuss the symmetry of the four primary ferroic order parameters related to ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, ferroelastics and ferrotoroidics and set up basic field equations. We then develop a general thermodynamic description based on generalized displacements and the corresponding conjugated fields. We use these ideas to calculate multicaloric effects in these materials, in particular focussing on the toroidocaloric effect. Next we develop Landau free energy models for multiferroic materials and illustrate various ideas through three representative examples: (i) magnetoelectric transitions, (ii) magnetic shape memory transitions where elasticity plays a crucial role, and (iii) ferrotoroidic transitions. We also briefly discuss the role of disorder and its consequences for the existence of ferroic tweed as well as ferroic glass. Finally, we provide an outlook in terms of the open problems in this exciting field of research. C1 [Castan, Teresa; Planes, Antoni] Fac Fis, Dept Estruct & Constituents Mat, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain. [Saxena, Avadh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Castan, T (reprint author), Fac Fis, Dept Estruct & Constituents Mat, Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain. EM teresa@ecm.ub.edu; toni@ecm.ub.edu; avadh@lanl.gov NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-55375-2; 978-3-642-55374-5 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2014 VL 198 BP 73 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2 PG 36 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BB7TR UT WOS:000345996000005 ER PT S AU Phatak, C De Graef, M AF Phatak, Charudatta De Graef, Marc BE Saxena, A Planes, A TI Imaging of Domains and Vortices in Multifunctional Materials SO MESOSCOPIC PHENOMENA IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEUSLER ALLOYS; PHASE RETRIEVAL; COMPUTATION; MICROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; SHIFT AB In this chapter, we describe a series of observations of magnetic domain wall configurations in a Ni-2-Mn-Ga-type ferromagnetic shape memory alloy. First we introduce the technique of phase reconstructed Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, both the classical approach and the quantum mechanical determination of the electron wave phase shift using the Transport-of-Intensity Equation formalism. Then we apply this technique to domain wall observations in several phases, including the austenitic state and the (modulated) martensitic state. We conclude the chapter with a preliminary analysis of a magnetization state that is best described as a nearly regular array of magnetic vortices, pinned by martensite variant boundaries (twin boundaries). The magnetization configuration is only observed when the twins are finely spaced, and is likely due to the interaction of the magnetic and strain order parameters in this system. C1 [Phatak, Charudatta] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [De Graef, Marc] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP De Graef, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cd@anl.gov; degraef@cmu.edu RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-55375-2; 978-3-642-55374-5 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2014 VL 198 BP 137 EP 158 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2 PG 22 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BB7TR UT WOS:000345996000007 ER PT S AU Wang, Y Wang, D Zhou, YM Zhang, J Xue, DZ Ren, XB AF Wang, Yu Wang, Dong Zhou, Yumei Zhang, Jian Xue, Dezhen Ren, Xiaobing BE Saxena, A Planes, A TI Strain Glass as a Novel Multi-functional Material SO MESOSCOPIC PHENOMENA IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; FERROELASTIC SYSTEMS; TI-NI; DEFORMATION; TWEED; SUPERELASTICITY; TRANSITION; DEFECTS AB Strain glass is a frozen disordered state of local lattice strains (nano-martensite domains), which is the third state of the martensitic/ferroelastic system in addition to parent phase and martensite. In this chapter, the key features of strain glass and its multi-functional properties are reviewed. It is shown that strain glass exhibits a number of interesting properties like shape memory effect, superelasticity with narrow hysteresis, tunable damping, together with unusual properties like Invar effect, Elinvar effect as discovered in beta-Ti strain glass alloys. All these multi-functional properties stem from the response of the nano-domains of strain glass to temperature change and external stress. With the recent finding of ferromagnetic strain glass, novel magneto-elastic functionalities may be anticipated. C1 [Wang, Yu; Wang, Dong; Zhou, Yumei; Zhang, Jian; Xue, Dezhen] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Multidisciplinary Mat Res Ctr, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth & Modulat Conden, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yu; Wang, Dong; Zhou, Yumei; Zhang, Jian; Xue, Dezhen] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Ren, Xiaobing] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Ferro Phys Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Xue, Dezhen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Multidisciplinary Mat Res Ctr, MOE Key Lab Nonequilibrium Synth & Modulat Conden, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. EM yuwang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; ren.xiaobing@nims.go.jp RI Zhang, Jian/A-5047-2009; OI Xue, Dezhen/0000-0001-6132-1236 NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-55375-2; 978-3-642-55374-5 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2014 VL 198 BP 271 EP 288 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2 PG 18 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BB7TR UT WOS:000345996000012 ER PT S AU Cui, J AF Cui, Jun BE Saxena, A Planes, A TI Shape Memory Alloys and Their Applications in Power Generation and Refrigeration SO MESOSCOPIC PHENOMENA IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, MODELING AND APPLICATIONS SE Springer Series in Materials Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TI-NI ALLOYS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS; ENTROPY CHANGE; HEUSLER ALLOY; MN-GA; HYSTERESIS; PSEUDOELASTICITY; MAGNETOSTRICTION; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE AB The shape memory effect is closely related to the reversible martensitic phase transformation, which is diffusionless and involves shear deformation. The recoverable transformation between the two phases with different crystalline symmetry results in reversible changes in physical properties such as electrical conductivity, magnetization, and elasticity. Accompanying the transformation is a change of entropy. Fascinating applications are developed based on these changes. In this chapter, the history, fundamentals and technical challenges of both thermoelastic and ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are briefly reviewed; applications related to energy conversion such as power generation and refrigeration as well as recent developments will be discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cui, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jun.Cui@pnnl.gov NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0933-033X BN 978-3-642-55375-2; 978-3-642-55374-5 J9 SPRINGER SER MATER S PY 2014 VL 198 BP 289 EP 307 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55375-2 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BB7TR UT WOS:000345996000013 ER PT S AU Bachelot, R Zhou, X Plain, J Adam, PM Baudrion, AL Gray, SK Wiederrecht, GP AF Bachelot, Renaud Zhou, Xuan Plain, Jerome Adam, Pierre-Michel Baudrion, Anne-Laure Gray, Stephen K. Wiederrecht, Gary. P. BE Andrews, DL Nunzi, JM Ostendorf, A TI Local energy transfer in hybrid nanoplasmonics SO NANOPHOTONICS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanophotonics V CY APR 13-17, 2014 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP SPIE, Brussels Photon Team, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek DE hybrid plasmonics; near-field; nanooptics; photopolymerization; photoisomerisation; strong-coupling ID GOLD NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENTS; NANOANTENNA; RESONANCE; ARRAYS AB Incorporating resonant optical properties of metal nanostructures into nanoscale applications such as ultrahigh density storage devices, nanoelectronics, and nanophotonics has gained considerable interest within the last years. Recent advances in hybrid and molecular plasmonics are presented. The approach relies on near-field energy transfer between metal nanoparticles and other molecular material, and is not diffraction-limited. We will see that optical nanosources supported by metal nanoparticles can be used for controlling/triggering photochemical and photo physical processes involving photons, charges and motion transfers at the nanoscale. In particular, three examples will be presented and commented: free radical photopolymerization, photo isomerization and nanoscale strong coupling. These examples open new routes including optical near-field photography of ultra confined fields, mode hybridizing in single nanoparticles, molecular optical nanomotors, and new anisotropic nanoemitters. C1 [Bachelot, Renaud; Zhou, Xuan; Plain, Jerome; Adam, Pierre-Michel; Baudrion, Anne-Laure] Univ Technol Troyes, ICD CNRS 6281, LNIO Lab, 12 Rue Marie Curie, Troyes, France. [Gray, Stephen K.; Wiederrecht, Gary. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL USA. RP Bachelot, R (reprint author), Univ Technol Troyes, ICD CNRS 6281, LNIO Lab, 12 Rue Marie Curie, Troyes, France. RI Bachelot, Renaud/M-6888-2015 FU HAPPLE [ANR-12-B S10-0016]; HYNNA [ANR-10BLAN-1016]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR),Partner University Fund (PUF); U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]; China Scholarship Council (CSC) FX The authors would like to thank the platform Nano 'mat, the HAPPLE(ANR-12-B S10-0016) and HYNNA(ANR-10BLAN-1016), projects funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), as well as the Partner University Fund (PUF) program. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. X.Z. wishes to thank China Scholarship Council (CSC) for funding. The authors thank S Marguet for providing the metal nanocubes presented in Figures 2 and 5. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-074-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9126 AR UNSP 91260Z DI 10.1117/12.2053716 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BB8BE UT WOS:000346237300014 ER PT S AU Scheck, M Gaffney, LP Butler, PA Hayes, AB Wenander, F Albers, M Bastin, B Bauer, C Blazhev, A Bonig, S Bree, N Cederkall, J Chupp, T Cline, D Cocolios, TE Davinson, T De Witte, H Diriken, J Grahn, T Gregor, ET Herzan, A Huyse, M Jenkins, DG Joss, DT Kesteloot, N Konki, J Kowalczyk, M Kroll, T Kwan, E Lutter, R Moschner, K Napiorkowski, P Pakarinen, J Pfeiffer, M Radeck, D Reiter, P Reynders, K Rigby, SV Robledo, LM Rudigier, M Sambi, S Seidlitz, M Siebeck, B Stora, T Thoele, P Van Duppen, P Vermeulen, MJ von Schmid, M Voulot, D Warr, N Wimmer, K Wrzosek-Lipska, K Wu, CY Zielinska, M AF Scheck, M. Gaffney, L. P. Butler, P. A. Hayes, A. B. Wenander, F. Albers, M. Bastin, B. Bauer, C. Blazhev, A. Boenig, S. Bree, N. Cederkaell, J. Chupp, T. Cline, D. Cocolios, T. E. Davinson, T. De Witte, H. Diriken, J. Grahn, T. Gregor, E. T. Herzan, A. Huyse, M. Jenkins, D. G. Joss, D. T. Kesteloot, N. Konki, J. Kowalczyk, M. Kroell, Th. Kwan, E. Lutter, R. Moschner, K. Napiorkowski, P. Pakarinen, J. Pfeiffer, M. Radeck, D. Reiter, P. Reynders, K. Rigby, S. V. Robledo, L. M. Rudigier, M. Sambi, S. Seidlitz, M. Siebeck, B. Stora, T. Thoele, P. Van Duppen, P. Vermeulen, M. J. von Schmid, M. Voulot, D. Warr, N. Wimmer, K. Wrzosek-Lipska, K. Wu, C. Y. Zielinska, M. GP IOP TI Determination of the B(E3, 0(+) -> 3(-))-excitation strength in octupole-correlated nuclei near A approximate to 224 by the means of Coulomb excitation at REX-ISOLDE SO XX INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS, NEUTRON PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS (VARNA2013) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International School on Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications CY SEP 16-22, 2013 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Bulgarian Nucl Regulatory Agcy, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Bulgarian Minist Educ Youth & Sci ID RADIOACTIVE BEAMS AB The IS475 collaboration conducted Coulomb-excitation experiments with post-accelerated radioactive Rn-220 and Ra-224 beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility. The beam particles (E-beam approximate to 2.83 MeV/u) were Coulomb excited using Ni-60, Cd-114, and Sn-120 scattering targets. De-excitation gamma-rays were detected employing the Miniball array and scattered particles were detected in a silicon detector. Exploiting the Coulomb-excitation code GOSIA for each nucleus several matrix elements could be obtained from the measured gamma-ray yields. The extracted < 3-vertical bar vertical bar(E) over cap3 vertical bar vertical bar 0(+>) matrix element allows for the conclusion that, while Rn-220 represents an octupole vibrational system, 224Ra has already substantial octupole correlations in its ground state. An observation that has implications for the search of CP-violating Schiff moments in the atomic systems of the adjacent odd-mass nuclei. C1 [Scheck, M.] Univ West Scotland, Sch Engn, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. [Scheck, M.; Gregor, E. T.] SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Scheck, M.; Butler, P. A.] Univ Liverpool, 0liver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Gaffney, L. P.; Bree, N.; De Witte, H.; Diriken, J.; Huyse, M.; Van Duppen, P.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Hayes, A. B.; Cline, D.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Wenander, F.; Bastin, B.; Cocolios, T. E.] CERN, ISOLDE, CH-1211] Geneva, Switzerland. [Albers, M.; Blazhev, A.; Moschner, K.; Radeck, D.; Reiter, P.; Seidlitz, M.; Siebeck, B.; Thoele, P.; Warr, N.] Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphysik, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Bastin, B.] GANIL, F-14076 Caen, France. [Bauer, C.; Boenig, S.; Cocolios, T. E.; von Schmid, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphysik, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Cederkaell, J.; Kowalczyk, M.; Napiorkowski, P.] Lund Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Chupp, T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Davinson, T.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Grahn, T.; Herzan, A.; Konki, J.; Pakarinen, J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Grahn, T.; Pakarinen, J.] Helsinki Inst Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Jenkins, D. G.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York Y010 5DD, North Yorkshire, England. [Kowalczyk, M.; Napiorkowski, P.; Wrzosek-Lipska, K.; Zielinska, M.] Univ Warsaw, Heavy Ion Lab, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. [Kwan, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lutter, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E12, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Zielinska, M.] CEA, D5M IRFU SPhN, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Robledo, L. M.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Lutter, R.] Ludwig MaximiliansUniversitat, Maier Leibnitz Lab, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Scheck, M (reprint author), Univ West Scotland, Sch Engn, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. EM marcus.scheck@uws.ac.uk RI Robledo, Luis Miguel/L-2557-2013; Gaffney, Liam/G-3169-2014; OI Robledo, Luis Miguel/0000-0002-6061-1319; Gaffney, Liam/0000-0002-2938-3696; Scheck, Marcus/0000-0002-9624-3909 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 533 AR UNSP 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/533/1/012007 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8AL UT WOS:000346180900007 ER PT S AU Stefanova, EA Lalkovski, S Korichi, A Kutsarova, T Lopez-Martens, A Xu, FR Liu, HL Kisyov, S Minkova, A Bazzaco, D Bergstrom, M Gorgen, A Hannachi, F Herskind, B Hubel, H Jansen, A Khoo, TL Podolyak, Z Schonwasser, G AF Stefanova, E. A. Lalkovski, S. Korichi, A. Kutsarova, T. Lopez-Martens, A. Xu, F. R. Liu, H. L. Kisyov, S. Minkova, A. Bazzaco, D. Bergstroem, M. Goergen, A. Hannachi, F. Herskind, B. Huebel, H. Jansen, A. Khoo, T. L. Podolyak, Zs. Schoenwasser, G. GP IOP TI Observation of the Ground State Bands in Pd-109 and Pd-111 SO XX INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS, NEUTRON PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS (VARNA2013) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International School on Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications CY SEP 16-22, 2013 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Bulgarian Nucl Regulatory Agcy, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Bulgarian Minist Educ Youth & Sci ID NUCLEAR-DATA SHEETS; ION-INDUCED FISSION; REGION AB The neutron-rich nuclei Pd-109 and Pd-111 were produced as fission fragments following the Si-30 + Er-168 reaction at a beam energy of 142 MeV. Using the identification based on the coincidences with the complementary fission fragments, the ground state bands in Pd-109 and Pd-111 were found. They are the only positive-parity bands observed so far in Pd-109 and Pd-111. A band, built on top of the 5/2(+) ground state exhibiting Delta I = 1 energy-level staggering was observed in each of these nuclei. Both nuclei of interest, Pd-109 and Pd-111, are suggested to lie in the transitional region of Pd isotopes of maximum gamma-softness. The ground states of both nuclei are predicted by TRS calculations to be extremely gamma-soft with shallow triaxial minima The first crossing in the new bands is proposed to be due to an alignment of h(11/2)(2) neutrons. C1 [Stefanova, E. A.; Kutsarova, T.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Lalkovski, S.; Kisyov, S.; Minkova, A.] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Korichi, A.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Hannachi, F.] CSNSM Orsay, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Xu, F. R.; Liu, H. L.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Bazzaco, D.] UNFN, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bazzaco, D.] Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bergstroem, M.; Herskind, B.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Goergen, A.; Huebel, H.; Jansen, A.] Univ Bonn, ISKP, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Goergen, A.] CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, SPhN, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hannachi, F.] Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France. [Khoo, T. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Podolyak, Zs.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Natl Legnaro, Naples, Italy. [Podolyak, Zs.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU27XH, Surrey, England. RP Stefanova, EA (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. EM elenas@inrne.bas.bg RI Xu, Furong/K-4178-2013; OI Gorgen, Andreas/0000-0003-1916-9941 FU Bulgarian National Science Fund [DMUO2/1]; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences-CNRS [4847]; German BMBF [06BN109] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the useful discussions with N. Minkov. This work was partly supported from the Bulgarian National Science Fund, contract No: DMUO2/1 and the collaboration agreement between Bulgarian Academy of Sciences-CNRS under contract No. 4847, and by the German BMBF under Contract No. 06BN109. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 533 AR UNSP 012035 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/533/1/012035 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BB8AL UT WOS:000346180900035 ER PT S AU Garcia, I Geisz, JF France, RM Steiner, MA Friedman, DJ AF Garcia, Ivan Geisz, John F. France, Ryan M. Steiner, Myles A. Friedman, Daniel J. BE Kinsey, GS Riley, D Kurtz, S Araki, K Baudrit, M TI Component Integration Strategies In Metamorphic 4-junction III-V Concentrator Solar Cells SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-10) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 07-09, 2014 CL Albuquerque, NM SP AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Kipp & Zonen USA Inc, Soitec Solar GmbH, Suncore Photovolta Inc, Airlight Energy Manufacturing SA, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Sandia Natl Lab, Solar Added Value S L, Yamashita Denso Corp DE 4-junction solar cell; tunnel junction; metamorphic buffer ID GROWTH AB Progressing beyond 3-junction inverted-metamorphic multijunction solar cells grown on GaAs substrates, to 4-junction devices, requires the development of high quality metamorphic 0.7 eV GaInAs solar cells. Once accomplished, the integration of this subcell into a full, monolithic, series connected, 4J-IMM structure demands the development of a metamorphic tunnel junction lattice matched to the 1eV GaInAs subcell. Moreover, the 0.7 eV junction adds about 2 hours of growth time to the structure, implying a heavier annealing of the subcells and tunnel junctions grown first. The final 4J structure is above 20 m thick, with about half of this thickness used by the metamorphic buffers required to change the lattice constant throughout the structure. Thinning of these buffers would help reduce the total thickness of the 4J structure to decrease its growth cost and the annealing time. These three topics: development of a metamorphic tunnel junction for the 4th junction, analysis of the annealing, and thinning of the structure, are tackled in this work. The results presented show the successful implementation of an antimonide-based tunnel junction for the 4th junction and of pathways to mitigate the impact of annealing and reduce the thickness of the metamorphic buffers. C1 [Garcia, Ivan; Geisz, John F.; France, Ryan M.; Steiner, Myles A.; Friedman, Daniel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Garcia, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Garcia, Ivan/L-1547-2014 OI Garcia, Ivan/0000-0002-9895-2020 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1253-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1616 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1063/1.4897024 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BB7RR UT WOS:000345959900009 ER PT S AU Geisz, JF France, RM Garcia, I Steiner, MA Friedman, DJ AF Geisz, John F. France, Ryan M. Garcia, Ivan Steiner, Myles A. Friedman, Daniel J. BE Kinsey, GS Riley, D Kurtz, S Araki, K Baudrit, M TI Device Characterization For Design Optimization Of 4 Junction Inverted Metamorphic Concentrator Solar Cells SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-10) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 07-09, 2014 CL Albuquerque, NM SP AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Kipp & Zonen USA Inc, Soitec Solar GmbH, Suncore Photovolta Inc, Airlight Energy Manufacturing SA, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Sandia Natl Lab, Solar Added Value S L, Yamashita Denso Corp DE 4-junction; concentrator solar cell; electroluminescence; luminescent coupling AB Quantitative electroluminescence (EL) and luminescent coupling (LC) analysis, along with more conventional characterization techniques, are combined to completely characterize the subcell JV curves within a four-junction (4J) inverted metamorphic solar cell (IMM). The 4J performance under arbitrary spectral conditions can be predicted from these subcell JV curves. The internal radiative efficiency (IRE) of each junction has been determined as a function of current density from the external radiative efficiency using optical modeling, but this required the accurate determination of the individual junction current densities during the EL measurement as affected by LC. These measurement and analysis techniques can be applied to any multijunction solar cell. The 4J IMM solar cell used to illustrate these techniques showed excellent junction quality as exhibited by high IRE and a one-sun AM1.5D efficiency of 36.3%. This device operates up to 1000 suns without limitations due to any of the three tunnel junctions. C1 [Geisz, John F.; France, Ryan M.; Garcia, Ivan; Steiner, Myles A.; Friedman, Daniel J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Geisz, JF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Garcia, Ivan/L-1547-2014 OI Garcia, Ivan/0000-0002-9895-2020 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1253-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1616 BP 114 EP 118 DI 10.1063/1.4897041 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BB7RR UT WOS:000345959900026 ER PT S AU Osterwald, CR Wanlass, MW Moriarty, T Steiner, MA Emery, KA AF Osterwald, Carl R. Wanlass, Mark W. Moriarty, Tom Steiner, Myles A. Emery, Keith A. BE Kinsey, GS Riley, D Kurtz, S Araki, K Baudrit, M TI Concentrator Cell Efficiency Measurement Errors Caused By Unfiltered Xenon Flash Solar Simulators SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-10) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 07-09, 2014 CL Albuquerque, NM SP AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Kipp & Zonen USA Inc, Soitec Solar GmbH, Suncore Photovolta Inc, Airlight Energy Manufacturing SA, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Sandia Natl Lab, Solar Added Value S L, Yamashita Denso Corp DE photovoltaic; solar; concentrator; efficiency; measurement; error AB In this paper, we examine the effects of increased irradiance into one subcell of triple-absorber concentrator solar cells during efficiency measurements. This situation can easily occur when unfiltered xenon flash solar simulators are used for illumination. We demonstrate how excess irradiance into bottom subcells causes artificially increased fill factors, and that commonly used measurement procedures are unable to account for any excess irradiance. The effect always results in efficiency values that are too high. C1 [Osterwald, Carl R.; Moriarty, Tom; Steiner, Myles A.; Emery, Keith A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wanlass, Mark W.] Wanlass Consulting, Golden, CO 80403 USA. RP Osterwald, CR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-G028308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-G028308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1253-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1616 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1063/1.4897049 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BB7RR UT WOS:000345959900034 ER PT S AU Bosco, N Kurtz, S AF Bosco, Nick Kurtz, Sarah BE Kinsey, GS Riley, D Kurtz, S Araki, K Baudrit, M TI CPV Cell Characterization Following One-Year Exposure In Golden Colorado SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-10) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 07-09, 2014 CL Albuquerque, NM SP AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Kipp & Zonen USA Inc, Soitec Solar GmbH, Suncore Photovolta Inc, Airlight Energy Manufacturing SA, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Sandia Natl Lab, Solar Added Value S L, Yamashita Denso Corp DE Concentrator Photovoltaic; Exfoliation; Exposure; Reliability ID RELIABILITY; MODULE AB A CPV module containing 30 III-V multijunction cells was operated on-sun for one year in Golden, Colorado. Each cell was characterized prior to and following exposure. A module power degradation of 10 % was observed and found to be a result as an overall decrease in cell short circuit current and the presence of at least one shunted cell. A positive correlation between initial shunt current and an increase in shunt current following exposure was also found. Cell exfoliation was also observed and found to be coincident with the presence of water and/or charring of the cell package due to an off-sun event. C1 [Bosco, Nick; Kurtz, Sarah] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bosco, N (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 16253 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1253-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1616 BP 242 EP 245 DI 10.1063/1.4897070 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BB7RR UT WOS:000345959900055 ER PT S AU Armijo, KM Harrison, RK King, BH Martin, JB AF Armijo, Kenneth M. Harrison, Richard K. King, Bruce H. Martin, Jeffrey B. BE Kinsey, GS Riley, D Kurtz, S Araki, K Baudrit, M TI Spectral Derates Phenomena Of Atmospheric Components On Multi-Junction CPV Technologies SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-10) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 07-09, 2014 CL Albuquerque, NM SP AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Kipp & Zonen USA Inc, Soitec Solar GmbH, Suncore Photovolta Inc, Airlight Energy Manufacturing SA, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Sandia Natl Lab, Solar Added Value S L, Yamashita Denso Corp DE Spectral Derates; Atmospheric Components; Photovoltaics ID SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE; DUST; IRRADIANCE; SYSTEMS; MODEL AB The solar spectrum varies with atmospheric conditions and composition, and can have significant impacts on the output power performance of each junction in a concentrating solar photovoltaic (CPV) system, with direct implications on the junction that is current-limiting. The effect of changing solar spectrum on CPV module power production has previously been characterized by various spectral performance parameters such as air mass (AM) for both single and multi-junction module technologies. However, examinations of outdoor test results have shown substantial uncertainty contributions by many of these parameters, including air mass, for the determination of projected power and energy production. Using spectral data obtained from outdoor spectrometers, with a spectral range of 336nm-1715nm, this investigation examines precipitable water (PW), aerosol and dust variability effects on incident spectral irradiance. This work then assesses air mass and other spectral performance parameters, including a new atmospheric component spectral factor (ACSF), to investigate iso-cell, stacked multijunction and single-junction c-Si module performance data directly with measured spectrum. This will then be used with MODTRAN5 (R) to determine if spectral composition can account for daily and seasonal variability of the short-circuit current density J(sc) and the maximum output power P-mp values. For precipitable water, current results show good correspondence between the modeled atmospheric component spectral factor and measured data with an average rms error of 0.013, for all three iso-cells tested during clear days over a one week time period. Results also suggest average variations in ACSF factors with respect to increasing precipitable water of 8.2%/ cmH(2)O, 1.3%/ cmH(2)O, 0.2%/ cmH(2)O and 1.8%/cmH(2)O for GaInP, GaAs, Ge and c-Si cells, respectively at solar noon and an AM value of 1.0. For ozone, the GaInP cell had the greatest sensitivity to increasing ozone levels with an ACSF variation of 0.07%/cmO(3). For the desert dust wind study, consistent ACSF behavior between all iso-cells and c-Si was found, with only significant reductions beyond 40mph. C1 [Armijo, Kenneth M.; Harrison, Richard K.; King, Bruce H.; Martin, Jeffrey B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Armijo, KM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1253-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1616 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1063/1.4897075 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BB7RR UT WOS:000345959900060 ER PT S AU King, B Riley, D Hansen, C Erdman, M Gabriel, J Ghosal, K AF King, Bruce Riley, Dan Hansen, Clifford Erdman, Matt Gabriel, John Ghosal, Kanchan BE Kinsey, GS Riley, D Kurtz, S Araki, K Baudrit, M TI HCPV Characterization: Analysis Of Fielded System Data SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS (CPV-10) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV) CY APR 07-09, 2014 CL Albuquerque, NM SP AZUR SPACE Solar Power GmbH, Kipp & Zonen USA Inc, Soitec Solar GmbH, Suncore Photovolta Inc, Airlight Energy Manufacturing SA, Grenzebach Maschinenbau GmbH, Sandia Natl Lab, Solar Added Value S L, Yamashita Denso Corp DE Solar concentrators; photovoltaic devices; performance testing AB Sandia and Semprius have partnered to evaluate the operational performance of a 3.5 kW ( nominal) R&D system using 40 Semprius modules. Eight months of operational data has been collected and evaluated. Analysis includes determination of P-mp, I-mp and V-mp at CSTC conditions, P-mp as a function of DNI, effect of wind speed on module temperature and seasonal variations in performance. As expected, on-sun P-mp and I-mp of the installed system were found to be similar to 10% lower than the values determined from flash testing at CSTC, while V-mp was found to be nearly identical to the results of flash testing. The differences in the flash test and outdoor data are attributed to string mismatch, soiling, seasonal variation in solar spectrum, discrepancy in the cell temperature model, and uncertainty in the power and current reported by the inverter.. An apparent limitation to the degree of module cooling that can be expected from wind speed was observed. The system was observed to display seasonal variation in performance, likely due to seasonal variation in spectrum. C1 [King, Bruce; Riley, Dan; Hansen, Clifford; Erdman, Matt] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 81785 USA. [Gabriel, John; Ghosal, Kanchan] Semprius Inc, Durham, NC 27713 USA. RP King, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 81785 USA. FU US Department of Energy SunShot Program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded in part by the US Department of Energy SunShot Program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1253-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1616 BP 276 EP 279 DI 10.1063/1.4897077 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Physics GA BB7RR UT WOS:000345959900062 ER PT S AU Norris, B Adamowski, M Hahn, A Montanari, D Reichenbacher, J Rucinski, R Stewart, J Tope, T AF Norris, B. Adamowski, M. Hahn, A. Montanari, D. Reichenbacher, J. Rucinski, R. Stewart, J. Tope, T. GP Int Inst Refrigerat TI Results from the Commissioning of a LAr Membrane Cryostat Prototype for LBNE SO 13TH CRYOGENICS 2014 IIR INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE Refrigeration Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Cryogenics IIR International Conference CY APR 07-11, 2014 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Int Inst Refrigerat AB The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) Project is planning the use of a membrane tank technology for constructing a large liquid Argon (LAr) Far Detector (FD). History shows that a membrane cryostat is the technology of choice for liquefied natural gas (LNG) transportation and storage, with hundreds of ship tankers and storage tanks being built much larger than the proposed FD. The start of construction is planned for the end of this decade. This report focuses on the performance and commissioning of a prototype, the first membrane cryostat to be used in scientific application. LBNE has designed and fabricated a membrane cryostat in collaboration with Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd (IHI) while building the supporting LAr and liquid nitrogen (LN2) cryogenic systems with Fermilab engineers guiding the design, installation, and testing. Data will be presented to critique the success of the initial cryogenic goals which were to demonstrate: cryogenic thermal stability for LAr in a membrane cryostat technology, achievement of high purity LAr (< 200 parts per trillion purity {oxygen equivalent}) in a non-evacuable cryostat, and the ability to maintain high purity through the use of mole sieve and copper filtering of liquid argon. This presentation will detail the requirements and performance of this prototype. C1 [Norris, B.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, PO 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Adamowski, M.; Hahn, A.; Montanari, D.; Rucinski, R.; Tope, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Reichenbacher, J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Stewart, J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Norris, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Div, PO 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST REFRIGERATION PI PARIS PA 177 BLVD MALESHERBES, F-75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0151-1637 BN 978-2-36215-002-9 J9 REFR SCI T PY 2014 VL 2014 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BB7XQ UT WOS:000346089100001 ER PT J AU Hiranuma, N Paukert, M Steinke, I Zhang, K Kulkarni, G Hoose, C Schnaiter, M Saathoff, H Mohler, O AF Hiranuma, N. Paukert, M. Steinke, I. Zhang, K. Kulkarni, G. Hoose, C. Schnaiter, M. Saathoff, H. Moehler, O. TI A comprehensive parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation of dust surrogate: laboratory study with hematite particles and its application to atmospheric models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUD FORMATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; MINERAL DUST; EMPIRICAL PARAMETERIZATION; DEPOSITION NUCLEATION; SIMULATION CHAMBER; NUCLEI; AEROSOL; CONDENSATION; MICROPHYSICS AB A new heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterization that covers a wide temperature range (-36 to -78 degrees C) is presented. Developing and testing such an ice nucleation parameterization, which is constrained through identical experimental conditions, is important to accurately simulate the ice nucleation processes in cirrus clouds. The ice nucleation active surface-site density (n(s)) of hematite particles, used as a proxy for atmospheric dust particles, were derived from AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber measurements under water subsaturated conditions. These conditions were achieved by continuously changing the temperature (T) and relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) in the chamber. Our measurements showed several different pathways to nucleate ice depending on T and RHice conditions. For instance, almost T-independent freezing was observed at -60 degrees C < T < -50 degrees C, where RHice explicitly controlled ice nucleation efficiency, while both T and RHice played roles in other two T regimes: -78 degrees C < T < -60 degrees C and 50 degrees C < T < 36 degrees C. More specifically, observations at T lower than -60 degrees C revealed that higher RHice was necessary to maintain a constant n(s) whereas T may have played a significant role in ice nucleation at T higher than -50 degrees C. We implemented the new hematite-derived n(s) parameterization, which agrees well with previous AIDA measurements of desert dust, into two conceptual cloud models to investigate their sensitivity to the new parameterization in comparison to existing ice nucleation schemes for simulating cirrus cloud properties. Our results show that the new AIDA-based parameterization leads to an order of magnitude higher ice crystal concentrations and to an inhibition of homogeneous nucleation in lower-temperature regions. Our cloud simulation results suggest that atmospheric dust particles that form ice nuclei at lower temperatures, below -36 degrees C, can potentially have a stronger influence on cloud properties, such as cloud longevity and initiation, compared to previous parameterizations. C1 [Hiranuma, N.; Paukert, M.; Steinke, I.; Hoose, C.; Schnaiter, M.; Saathoff, H.; Moehler, O.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Zhang, K.; Kulkarni, G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hiranuma, N (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM seong.moon@kit.edu RI Schnaiter, Martin/A-2370-2013; Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Hoose, Corinna/A-4295-2009; Hiranuma, Naruki/D-3780-2014; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010 OI Hoose, Corinna/0000-0003-2827-5789; Hiranuma, Naruki/0000-0001-7790-4807; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368 FU German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DfG) [MO 668/4-1, HO 4612/1-1, FOR 1525]; Helmholtz Association's research programme Atmosphere and Climate (ATMO); DfG; Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DfG) under contracts MO 668/4-1 and HO 4612/1-1 within the Research Unit FOR 1525 (INUIT) and by the Helmholtz Association's research programme Atmosphere and Climate (ATMO). The authors acknowledge partial financial support by DfG and the Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. K. Zhang and G. Kulkarni acknowledge support from the Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. We would like to thank R. Buschbacher, T. Chudy, O. Dombrowski, E. Kranz, G. Scheurig and S. Vogt for their professional support for the AIDA chamber operation during the INUIT campaigns. We also thank P. Weidler and S. Jaeger for support in preparing the hematite particles. M. Hummel's contribution to the model setup is gratefully acknowledged. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 23 BP 13145 EP 13158 DI 10.5194/acp-14-13145-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW2SW UT WOS:000346140100032 ER PT J AU Bond-Lamberty, B Calvin, K Jones, AD Mao, J Patel, P Shi, XY Thomson, A Thornton, P Zhou, Y AF Bond-Lamberty, B. Calvin, K. Jones, A. D. Mao, J. Patel, P. Shi, X. Y. Thomson, A. Thornton, P. Zhou, Y. TI On linking an Earth system model to the equilibrium carbon representation of an economically optimizing land use model SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN; SIMPLER MODEL; CYCLE MODELS; COVER CHANGE; CO2; 20TH-CENTURY; FORESTS; UNCERTAINTIES; PRODUCTIVITY AB Human activities are significantly altering biogeochemical cycles at the global scale, and the scope of these activities will change with both future climate and socioeconomic decisions. This poses a significant challenge for Earth system models (ESMs), which can incorporate land use change as prescribed inputs but do not actively simulate the policy or economic forces that drive land use change. One option to address this problem is to couple an ESM with an economically oriented integrated assessment model, but this is challenging because of the radically different goals and underpinnings of each type of model. This study describes the development and testing of a coupling between the terrestrial carbon cycle of an ESM (CESM) and an integrated assessment (GCAM) model, focusing on how CESM climate effects on the carbon cycle could be shared with GCAM. We examine the best proxy variables to share between the models, and we quantify how carbon flux changes driven by climate, CO2 fertilization, and land use changes (e.g., deforestation) can be distinguished from each other by GCAM. The net primary production and heterotrophic respiration outputs of the Community Land Model (CLM), the land component of CESM, were found to be the most robust proxy variables by which to recalculate GCAM's assumptions of equilibrium ecosystem steady-state carbon. Carbon cycle effects of land use change are spatially limited relative to climate effects, and thus we were able to distinguish these effects successfully in the model coupling, passing only the latter to GCAM. This paper does not present results of a fully coupled simulation but shows, using a series of offline CLM simulations and an additional idealized Monte Carlo simulation, that our CESM-GCAM proxy variables reflect the phenomena that we intend and do not contain erroneous signals due to land use change. By allowing climate effects from a full ESM to dynamically modulate the economic and policy decisions of an integrated assessment model, this work will help link these models in a robust and flexible framework capable of examining two-way interactions between human and Earth system processes. C1 [Bond-Lamberty, B.; Calvin, K.; Patel, P.; Thomson, A.; Zhou, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jones, A. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mao, J.; Shi, X. Y.; Thornton, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bond-Lamberty, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bondlamberty@pnnl.gov RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Jones, Andrew/M-4363-2013; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-1913-7870; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 FU DOE Office of Science Integrated Assessment Research Program; Earth System Modeling Program; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) of the US Department of Energy FX We are grateful to the DOE Office of Science Integrated Assessment Research Program and Earth System Modeling Program for funding through the integrated Earth System Modeling Project. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research) of the US Department of Energy. We thank S. Smith for his thoughtful comments on an early draft. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2545 EP 2555 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2545-2014 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW2TP UT WOS:000346142200001 ER PT J AU Archer-Nicholls, S Lowe, D Utembe, S Allan, J Zaveri, RA Fast, JD Hodnebrog, O van der Gon, HD McFiggans, G AF Archer-Nicholls, S. Lowe, D. Utembe, S. Allan, J. Zaveri, R. A. Fast, J. D. Hodnebrog, O. van der Gon, H. Denier McFiggans, G. TI Gaseous chemistry and aerosol mechanism developments for version 3.5.1 of the online regional model, WRF-Chem SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INTERMEDIATES CRI MECHANISM; PRIMARY MARINE AEROSOL; MCM V3 PART; AIR-QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SEA-SALT; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES AB We have made a number of developments to the Weather, Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), with the aim of improving model prediction of trace atmospheric gas-phase chemical and aerosol composition, and of interactions between air quality and weather. A reduced form of the Common Reactive Intermediates gas-phase chemical mechanism (CRIv2-R5) has been added, using the Kinetic Pre-Processor (KPP) interface, to enable more explicit simulation of VOC degradation. N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry has been added to the existing sectional MOSAIC aerosol module, and coupled to both the CRIv2-R5 and existing CBM-Z gas-phase schemes. Modifications have also been made to the sea-spray aerosol emission representation, allowing the inclusion of primary organic material in sea-spray aerosol. We have worked on the European domain, with a particular focus on making the model suitable for the study of nighttime chemistry and oxidation by the nitrate radical in the UK atmosphere. Driven by appropriate emissions, wind fields and chemical boundary conditions, implementation of the different developments are illustrated, using a modified version of WRF-Chem 3.4.1, in order to demonstrate the impact that these changes have in the Northwest European domain. These developments are publicly available in WRF-Chem from version 3.5.1 onwards. C1 [Archer-Nicholls, S.; Lowe, D.; Allan, J.; McFiggans, G.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Utembe, S.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Allan, J.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Zaveri, R. A.; Fast, J. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hodnebrog, O.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [van der Gon, H. Denier] TNO, Dept Climate Air & Sustainabil, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP McFiggans, G (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM g.mcfiggans@manchester.ac.uk RI Allan, James/B-1160-2010; McFiggans, Gordon/B-8689-2011; Hodnebrog, Oivind/F-5539-2015; Utembe, Steven/C-4713-2016; Zaveri, Rahul/G-4076-2014 OI Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; McFiggans, Gordon/0000-0002-3423-7896; Hodnebrog, Oivind/0000-0001-5233-8992; Utembe, Steven/0000-0002-2741-3142; Denier van der Gon, Hugo/0000-0001-9552-3688; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU Nature Environment Research Council (NERC); RONOCO NERC [NE/F004656/1]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program at PNNL; European Union [212095]; EU Seventh Research Framework Programme [283576] FX S. Archer-Nicholls was supported by a Nature Environment Research Council (NERC) quota studentship, work funded on the RONOCO NERC grant NE/F004656/1. R. Zaveri and J. Fast were supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program at PNNL. PNNL is operated by the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. O. Hodnebrog has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement no. 212095 (CityZen). H. Denier van der Gon was partly funded by the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grant agreement No. 283576, MACC II). Our thanks to Thomas Pugh from KIT for help with developing the emissions processing script; Stacy Walters from UCAR for reworking the mozbc script for use with MACC boundary conditions; and Johannes Kaiser from ECMWF for help acquiring and processing MACC boundary conditions data. Model runs were carried out on the High End Computing Terascale Resources (HECToR) British national supercomputer. NR 91 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2557 EP 2579 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2557-2014 PG 23 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW2TP UT WOS:000346142200002 ER PT J AU Guba, O Taylor, MA Ullrich, PA Overfelt, JR Levy, MN AF Guba, O. Taylor, M. A. Ullrich, P. A. Overfelt, J. R. Levy, M. N. TI The spectral element method (SEM) on variable-resolution grids: evaluating grid sensitivity and resolution-aware numerical viscosity SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; DYNAMICAL CORE; APPROXIMATIONS; CLIMATE AB We evaluate the performance of the Community Atmosphere Model's (CAM) spectral element method on variable-resolution grids using the shallow-water equations in spherical geometry. We configure the method as it is used in CAM, with dissipation of grid scale variance, implemented using hyperviscosity. Hyperviscosity is highly scale selective and grid independent, but does require a resolution-dependent coefficient. For the spectral element method with variable-resolution grids and highly distorted elements, we obtain the best results if we introduce a tensor-based hyperviscosity with tensor coefficients tied to the eigenvalues of the local element metric tensor. The tensor hyperviscosity is constructed so that, for regions of uniform resolution, it matches the traditional constant-coefficient hyperviscosity. With the tensor hyperviscosity, the large-scale solution is almost completely unaffected by the presence of grid refinement. This later point is important for climate applications in which long term climatological averages can be imprinted by stationary inhomogeneities in the truncation error. We also evaluate the robustness of the approach with respect to grid quality by considering unstructured conforming quadrilateral grids generated with a well-known grid-generating toolkit and grids generated by SQuadGen, a new open source alternative which produces lower valence nodes. C1 [Guba, O.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Taylor, M. A.; Overfelt, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ullrich, P. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Levy, M. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Guba, O (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Math & Stat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM oksana@unm.edu RI Ullrich, Paul/E-9350-2015 OI Ullrich, Paul/0000-0003-4118-4590 FU Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research [12-015334, 11-014996]; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, work package no. 12-015334 - "Multiscale Methods for Accurate, Efficient, and Scale-Aware Models of the Earth System" - and work package no. 11-014996 - "Climate Science for a Sustainable Energy Future". Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract no. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2803 EP 2816 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2803-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW2TP UT WOS:000346142200016 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Liu, S Huntzinger, DN Michalak, AM Viovy, N Post, WM Schwalm, CR Schaefer, K Jacobson, AR Lu, C Tian, H Ricciuto, DM Cook, RB Mao, J Shi, X AF Wei, Y. Liu, S. Huntzinger, D. N. Michalak, A. M. Viovy, N. Post, W. M. Schwalm, C. R. Schaefer, K. Jacobson, A. R. Lu, C. Tian, H. Ricciuto, D. M. Cook, R. B. Mao, J. Shi, X. TI The North American Carbon Program Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project - Part 2: Environmental driver data SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LAND-USE; SOLAR-RADIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CO2; REANALYSIS; BIOSPHERE; CYCLE; PRECIPITATION AB Ecosystems are important and dynamic components of the global carbon cycle, and terrestrial biospheric models (TBMs) are crucial tools in further understanding of how terrestrial carbon is stored and exchanged with the atmosphere across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Improving TBM skills, and quantifying and reducing their estimation uncertainties, pose significant challenges. The Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) is a formal multi-scale and multi-model intercomparison effort set up to tackle these challenges. The MsTMIP protocol prescribes standardized environmental driver data that are shared among model teams to facilitate model-model and model-observation comparisons. This paper describes the global and North American environmental driver data sets prepared for the MsTMIP activity to both support their use in MsTMIP and make these data, along with the processes used in selecting/processing these data, accessible to a broader audience. Based on project needs and lessons learned from past model intercomparison activities, we compiled climate, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, nitrogen deposition, land use and land cover change (LULCC), C3 / C4 grasses fractions, major crops, phenology and soil data into a standard format for global (0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees resolution) and regional (North American: 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees resolution) simulations. In order to meet the needs of MsTMIP, improvements were made to several of the original environmental data sets, by improving the quality, and/or changing their spatial and temporal coverage, and resolution. The resulting standardized model driver data sets are being used by over 20 different models participating in MsTMIP. The data are archived at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC, http://daac.ornl.gov) to provide long-term data management and distribution. C1 [Wei, Y.; Liu, S.; Post, W. M.; Ricciuto, D. M.; Cook, R. B.; Mao, J.; Shi, X.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huntzinger, D. N.; Schwalm, C. R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Michalak, A. M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Viovy, N.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Paris, France. [Schaefer, K.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Lu, C.; Tian, H.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM weiy@ornl.gov RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302 FU NASA ROSES [NNX11AO08A, NNH10AN68I] FX Funding for the Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) was provided through NASA ROSES grant no. NNX11AO08A. Data management support for preparing, documenting, and distributing model driver was performed by the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with funding through NASA ROSES grant no. NNH10AN68I. MsTMIP environmental driver data can be obtained from the ORNL DAAC (http://daac.ornl.gov) and the simulation outputs can be obtained from the MsTMIP product archive (http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP.shtml). This is MsTMIP contribution no. 2. We would like to thank the MsTMIP Modeling teams that participated in discussions of the requirements and characteristics of driver data needed for the simulations, as well as the protocol for running the simulations. NR 92 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2875 EP 2893 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2875-2014 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW2TP UT WOS:000346142200021 ER PT J AU Cao, WJ Zheng, JS Adams, D Doung, T Zheng, JP AF Cao, Wanjun Zheng, Junsheng Adams, Daniel Tien Doung Zheng, Jim P. TI Comparative Study of the Power and Cycling Performance for Advanced Lithium-Ion Capacitors with Various Carbon Anodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYBRID ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR; ENERGY DENSITY; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; LAYER CAPACITOR; SOFT CARBON; CATHODE; IMPROVEMENT; GRAPHITE; BEHAVIOR; BATTERY AB In recent years, an increased attention has been focused on Li-ion capacitors (LICs) which are high power hybrid devices. Various carbon materials (hard carbon (HC), soft carbon (SC) and graphite) have been investigated for use as the negative electrodes for LICs. The rate capabilities are compared by half cells with carbon anode as working electrode and lithium foil as counter electrode, and by LIC full cells with test current density up to 20 mA cm(-2). It is found that the LIC with HC and SC at 20 mA cm(-2) can be maintained up to 72.5% and 70%, compared to that at 0.5 mA cm(-2), which is better power performance than the graphite materials. LICs with both HC and SC as anodes displayed better cycle lifes than graphite anode. After 100,000 high-rate charge-discharge cycles, the capacity retention of the LIC with HC anode maintained higher than 85%. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, surface area and the pore size distribution are also studied and compared for the various carbon anode materials. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Cao, Wanjun; Zheng, Junsheng; Adams, Daniel; Zheng, Jim P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Cao, Wanjun; Zheng, Junsheng; Adams, Daniel; Zheng, Jim P.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Cao, Wanjun; Adams, Daniel; Zheng, Jim P.] Florida State Univ, AME Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zheng, Junsheng; Zheng, Jim P.] Tongji Univ, Clean Energy Automot Engn Ctr, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Junsheng; Zheng, Jim P.] Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China. [Tien Doung] US DOE, Off Vehicle Technol, Annandale, VA 22003 USA. [Zheng, Jim P.] Florida State Univ, CAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Cao, WJ (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM jszheng@tongji.edu.cn; zheng@eng.fsu.edu FU DOE BATT Program through PNNL [212964] FX This study is supported by DOE BATT Program through PNNL with contract No. 212964. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 50 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 14 BP A2087 EP A2092 DI 10.1149/2.0431414jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AW0IO UT WOS:000345975500022 ER PT J AU Kercher, AK Ramey, JO Carroll, KJ Kiggans, JO Dudney, NJ Meisner, RA Boatner, LA Veith, GM AF Kercher, A. K. Ramey, J. O. Carroll, K. J. Kiggans, J. O. Dudney, N. J. Meisner, R. A. Boatner, L. A. Veith, G. M. TI Mixed Polyanion Glass Cathodes: Iron Phosphate Vanadate Glasses SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ION BATTERY; FE; CONDUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; FE2O3-V2O5; INSERTION; V2O5-P2O5 AB Mixed polyanion (MP) glasses have been investigated for use as cathodes in lithium ion batteries. MP glass cathodes are similar in composition to theoretically promising crystalline polyanionic (CP) cathodes (e.g., lithium cobalt phosphate, lithium manganese silicate), but with proper polyanion substitution, they can be designed to overcome the key shortcomings of CP cathodes, such as poor electrical conductivity and irreversible phase changes. Iron phosphate/vanadate glasses were chosen as a first demonstration of the MP glass concept. Polyanion substitution with vanadate was shown to improve the intercalation capacity of an iron phosphate glass from almost zero to full theoretical capacity. In addition, the MP glass cathodes also exhibited an unexpected second high-capacity electrochemical reaction. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of cathodes from cells having different states of charge suggested that this second electrochemical reaction is a glass-state conversion reaction. With a first demonstration established, MP glass materials utilizing an intercalation and/or glass-state conversion reaction are promising candidates for future high-energy cathode research. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Kercher, A. K.; Ramey, J. O.; Kiggans, J. O.; Dudney, N. J.; Meisner, R. A.; Boatner, L. A.; Veith, G. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Carroll, K. J.] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02445 USA. RP Kercher, AK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kercherak@ornl.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Kercher, Andrew/K-1147-2016; Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016; kiggans, james/E-1588-2017 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Kercher, Andrew/0000-0003-1784-5686; Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178; kiggans, james/0000-0001-5056-665X FU Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy, under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. A portion of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (KJC, GMV - XAS). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Special thanks to: Syed Khalid at NSLS; Frank Delnick at Sandia National Laboratory; and Hui Zhou, Juchuan Li, Loic Baggetto, Jagjit Nanda, Jim Kolopus, Nidia Gallego, Ashli Clark, Josh Pihl, and Claus Daniel at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 14 BP A2210 EP A2215 DI 10.1149/2.0881414jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AW0IO UT WOS:000345975500039 ER PT J AU Long, BR Croy, JR Park, JS Wen, JG Miller, DJ Thackeray, MM AF Long, Brandon R. Croy, Jason R. Park, Joong Sun Wen, Jianguo Miller, Dean J. Thackeray, Michael M. TI Advances in Stabilizing 'Layered-Layered' xLi(2)MnO(3) center dot (1-x)LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) Electrodes with a Spinel Component SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; MANGANESE-OXIDE ELECTRODES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-VOLTAGE; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; COMPOSITE CATHODES; SOLID-SOLUTION; OXYGEN LOSS; LI-ION AB Composite electrode structures with layered and spinel components have been investigated to evaluate the possibility of arresting or suppressing the voltage fade observed on cycling high capacity, lithium-and manganese-rich 'layered-layered' xLi(2)MnO(3)center dot(1-x)LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes in lithium cells. Control of the spinel content in 'layered-layered-spinel' electrode materials and regulating the electrochemical voltage window of the lithium cells enables a capacity of approximately 190 mAh/g with little voltage fade. The results bode well for enhancing the electrochemical properties and structural stability of composite electrode structures on long-term cycling in lithium-ion batteries. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Long, Brandon R.; Croy, Jason R.; Park, Joong Sun; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wen, Jianguo; Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Long, BR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thackeray@anl.gov FU Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Vehicle Technologies Program, Hybrid and Electric Systems FX Support from the Vehicle Technologies Program, Hybrid and Electric Systems, in particular, David Howell, Tien Duong, and Peter Faguy, at the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy is gratefully acknowledged. Electron microscopy was carried out in the Electron Microscopy Center Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne, which is supported by the Office of Science under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dr. Javier Bareno for useful discussions. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 69 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 14 BP A2160 EP A2167 DI 10.1149/2.0681414jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AW0IO UT WOS:000345975500032 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Huang, JH Youssef, K Redfern, PC Curtiss, LA Amine, K Zhang, ZC AF Zhang, Lu Huang, Jinhua Youssef, Kyrrilos Redfern, Paul C. Curtiss, Larry A. Amine, Khalil Zhang, Zhengcheng TI Molecular Engineering toward Stabilized Interface: An Electrolyte Additive for High-Performance Li-Ion Battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; ETHYLENE; SOLVENT; CELLS; LIBOB; SALT AB A novel electrolyte additive, 3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione (OHD), has been discovered and evaluated in Li-1.1(Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3)(0.9)O-2/graphite cells under elevated temperature. When an appropriate amount of OHD is used, the cell capacity retention is improved from 60% (Gen 2 electrolyte alone) to 82% (Gen 2 electrolyte plus OHD) after 200 cycles with no obvious impedance increase. The amount of OHD added is the key to achieving the superior cell performance. The effect of OHD additive was investigated by means of electrochemical analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and density functional theory computation. (C) The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Lu; Huang, Jinhua; Youssef, Kyrrilos; Redfern, Paul C.; Curtiss, Larry A.; Amine, Khalil; Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zzhang@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank the CAMP facility of Argonne National Laboratory for providing the electrode materials. The electron microscopy was accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 14 BP A2262 EP A2267 DI 10.1149/2.0971414jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AW0IO UT WOS:000345975500047 ER PT J AU Lobaccaro, P Raygani, A Oriani, A Miani, N Piotto, A Kapadia, R Zheng, M Yu, ZB Magagnin, L Chrzan, DC Maboudian, R Javey, A AF Lobaccaro, Peter Raygani, Anahit Oriani, Andrea Miani, Nicolas Piotto, Alessandro Kapadia, Rehan Zheng, Maxwell Yu, Zhibin Magagnin, Luca Chrzan, Daryl C. Maboudian, Roya Javey, Ali TI Electrodeposition of High-Purity Indium Thin Films and Its Application to Indium Phosphide Solar Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INP SEMICONDUCTOR-FILMS; III-V; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; GALLIUM; EPITAXY; LAYERS; CIS AB We report on advances in the electrochemical deposition of indium (In) on molybdenum foil that enables deposition of electronic-grade purity, continuous films with thickness in the micron range. The desired In film morphology is obtained from an InCl3 aqueous bath by using a high current density of 250 mA/cm(2) and a low deposition-bath temperature of -5 degrees C to increase the nucleation density of In islands until a continuous film is obtained. As an example application, the electrodeposited In films are phosphorized via the thin-film vapor-liquid-solid growth method. The resulting poly-crystalline InP films display excellent optoelectronic quality, comparable to single crystalline InP wafers, thus demonstrating the versatility of the developed electrochemical deposition procedure. (C) The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Lobaccaro, Peter; Raygani, Anahit; Oriani, Andrea; Miani, Nicolas; Piotto, Alessandro; Maboudian, Roya] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Lobaccaro, Peter; Kapadia, Rehan; Zheng, Maxwell; Yu, Zhibin; Chrzan, Daryl C.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Raygani, Anahit; Oriani, Andrea; Miani, Nicolas; Piotto, Alessandro; Magagnin, Luca] G Natta Politecn Milano, Dip Chim Mat & Ingn Chim, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Kapadia, Rehan; Zheng, Maxwell; Yu, Zhibin; Chrzan, Daryl C.; Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lobaccaro, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM maboudia@berkeley.edu; ajavey@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013; OI Oriani, Andrea Vittorio/0000-0002-2755-7859; Magagnin, Luca/0000-0001-5553-6441 FU Bay Area Photovoltaics Consortium (BAPVC); Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0004993] FX This work was funded by the Bay Area Photovoltaics Consortium (BAPVC). The modeling of In ECD process and optoelectronic characterization of InP were supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The XPS measurements were performed at JCAP, Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, a DOE Energy Innovation Hub, supported through the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number DE-SC0004993. The SIMS analysis was performed by the Evans Analytical Group. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 14 BP D794 EP D800 DI 10.1149/2.0821414jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AW0IO UT WOS:000345975500072 ER EF