FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Li, K
   Gao, SM
   Wang, QY
   Xu, H
   Wang, ZY
   Huang, BB
   Dai, Y
   Lu, J
AF Li, Kai
   Gao, Shanmin
   Wang, Qingyao
   Xu, Hui
   Wang, Zeyan
   Huang, Baibiao
   Dai, Ying
   Lu, Jun
TI In-Situ-Reduced Synthesis of Ti3+ Self-Doped TiO2/g-C3N4 Heterojunctions
   with High Photocatalytic Performance under LED Light Irradiation
SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE Ti3+ self-doped; TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions; visible-light
   photocatalytic; LED light source
ID GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE; VISIBLE-LIGHT; COMPOSITE PHOTOCATALYST;
   EFFICIENT DEGRADATION; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TIO2
   NANOSHEETS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCOMPOSITES; ENHANCEMENT
AB A simple one-step calcination route was used to prepare Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions by mixture of H2Ti3O7 and melamine. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) technologies were used to characterize the structure, crystallinity, morphology, and chemical state of the as-prepared samples. The absorption of the prepared Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions shifted to a longer wavelength region in comparison with pristine TiO2 and g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activities of the heterojunctions were studied by degrading methylene blue under a 30 W visible-light-emitting diode irradiation source. The visible-light photocatalytic activities enhanced by the prepared Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions were observed and proved to be better than that of pure TiO2 and g-C3N4. The photocatalysis mechanism was investigated and discussed. The intensive separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole in the prepared heterojunction was confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The removal rate constant reached 0.038 min(-1) for the 22.3 wt % Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction, which was 26.76 and 7.6 times higher than that of pure TiO2 and g-C3N4, respectively. The established heterojunction between the interfaces of TiO2 nanoparticles and g-C3N4 nanosheets as well as introduced Ti3+ led to the rapid electron transfer rate and improved photoinduced electron-hole pair's separation efficiency, resulting in the improved photocatalytic performance of the Ti3+ self-doped TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions.
C1 [Li, Kai; Gao, Shanmin; Wang, Qingyao; Xu, Hui] Ludong Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Yantai 264025, Peoples R China.
   [Gao, Shanmin; Wang, Zeyan; Huang, Baibiao; Dai, Ying] Shandong Univ, State Key Lab Crystal Mat, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China.
   [Lu, Jun] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Gao, SM (reprint author), Ludong Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Yantai 264025, Peoples R China.
EM gaosm@ustc.edu; bbhuang@sdu.edu.cn; junlu@anl.gov
FU Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2013EMZ001]; National
   Basic Research Program of China [2013CB632401]; National Nature Science
   Foundation of China [51402145]; Shandong Province Higher Educational
   Science and Technology Program [J12LA01]; Program for Scientific
   Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong
   Province; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357]; Vehicle
   Technologies Office, Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
FX This work was supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation
   of Shandong Province (ZR2013EMZ001), the National Basic Research Program
   of China (Grant No. 2013CB632401), the National Nature Science
   Foundation of China (51402145), and the Project of Shandong Province
   Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J12LA01). This
   research has also been partially supported by the Program for Scientific
   Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong
   Province. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
   under Contract DE-AC0206CH11357 with the main support provided by the
   Vehicle Technologies Office, Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
NR 52
TC 54
Z9 56
U1 69
U2 324
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1944-8244
J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER
JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 17
BP 9023
EP 9030
DI 10.1021/am508505n
PG 8
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CH9EM
UT WOS:000354338800010
PM 25867955
ER

PT J
AU Azimi, N
   Xue, Z
   Bloom, I
   Gordin, ML
   Wang, DH
   Daniel, T
   Takoudis, C
   Zhang, ZC
AF Azimi, Nasim
   Xue, Zheng
   Bloom, Ira
   Gordin, Mikhail L.
   Wang, Donghai
   Daniel, Tad
   Takoudis, Christos
   Zhang, Zhengcheng
TI Understanding the Effect of a Fluorinated Ether on the Performance of
   Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE lithium-sulfur batteries; fluorinated electrolyte; polysulfide shuttle
   dissolution; solid-electrolyte interphase; lithium anode passivation
ID IONIC LIQUID ELECTROLYTE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; GLYCOL) DIMETHYL ETHER;
   ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE ELECTRODES; THERMAL-STABILITY;
   CATHODE; DISCHARGE; CARBON; CAPACITY
AB A high performance Li-S battery with novel fluoroether-based electrolyte was reported. The fluorinated electrolyte prevents the polysulfide shuttling effect and improves the Coulombic efficiency and capacity retention of the Li-S battery. Reversible redox reaction of the sulfur electrode in the presence of fluoroether TTE was systematically investigated. Electrochemical tests and post-test analysis using HPLC, XPS, and SEM/EDS were performed to examine the electrode and the electrolyte after cycling. The results demonstrate that TTE as a cosolvent mitigates polysulfide dissolution and promotes conversion kinetics from polysulfides to Li2S/Li2S2. Furthermore, TTE participates in a redox reaction on both electrodes, forming a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) which further prevents parasitic reactions and thus improves the utilization of the active material.
C1 [Azimi, Nasim; Xue, Zheng; Bloom, Ira; Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Gordin, Mikhail L.; Wang, Donghai] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Daniel, Tad; Takoudis, Christos] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn & Bioengn, Res Resources Ctr, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM zzhang@anl.gov
RI Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013
OI Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510
FU Vehicle Technologies Office, U.S. Department of Energy. Argonne, a U.S.
   Department of Energy laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This research is supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office, U.S.
   Department of Energy. Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory,
   is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 52
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 14
U2 118
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1944-8244
J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER
JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 17
BP 9169
EP 9177
DI 10.1021/acsami.5b01412
PG 9
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CH9EM
UT WOS:000354338800028
PM 25866861
ER

PT J
AU Himmelberger, S
   Duong, DT
   Northrup, JE
   Rivnay, J
   Koch, FPV
   Beckingham, BS
   Stingelin, N
   Segalman, RA
   Mannsfeld, SCB
   Salleo, A
AF Himmelberger, Scott
   Duong, Duc T.
   Northrup, John E.
   Rivnay, Jonathan
   Koch, Felix P. V.
   Beckingham, Bryan S.
   Stingelin, Natalie
   Segalman, Rachel A.
   Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.
   Salleo, Alberto
TI Role of Side-Chain Branching on Thin-Film Structure and Electronic
   Properties of Polythiophenes
SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; POLYMER SEMICONDUCTORS;
   REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; CONJUGATED
   POLYMERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; HOLE MOBILITIES; SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE
AB Side-chain engineering is increasingly being utilized as a technique to impact the structural order and enhance the electronic properties of semiconducting polymers. However, the correlations drawn between structural changes and the resulting charge transport properties are typically indirect and qualitative in nature. In the present work, a combination of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and crystallographic refinement calculations is used to determine the precise molecular packing structure of two thiophene-based semiconducting polymers to study the impact of side-chain modifications. The optimized structures provide high-quality fits to the experimental data and demonstrate that in addition to a large difference in interchain spacing between the two materials, there exists a significant disparity in backbone orientation as well. The calculated structures are utilized in density functional theory calculations to determine the band structure of the two materials and are shown to exhibit a dramatic disparity in interchain dispersion which accounts for the large observed difference in charge carrier mobility. The techniques presented here are meant to be general and are therefore applicable to many other highly diffracting semicrystalline polymers.
C1 [Himmelberger, Scott; Duong, Duc T.; Rivnay, Jonathan; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Northrup, John E.] Xerox Corp, Palo Alto Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA.
   [Koch, Felix P. V.] ETH, Dept Mat, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Beckingham, Bryan S.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Stingelin, Natalie] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England.
   [Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.] Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Adv Elect Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
RP Himmelberger, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM stefan.mannsfeld@tu-dresden.de; asalleo@stanford.edu
RI Stingelin, Natalie/D-6745-2016; 
OI Stingelin, Natalie/0000-0002-1414-4545; Beckingham,
   Bryan/0000-0003-4004-0755
FU National Science Foundation [DMR 1205752]; German Research Foundation
   (DFG) within the Cluster of Excellence "Center for Advancing Electronics
   Dresden"; AFOSR [FA9550-13-1-0106]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
FX A.S. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation (Grant
   No. DMR 1205752). This work is partly supported by the German Research
   Foundation (DFG) within the Cluster of Excellence "Center for Advancing
   Electronics Dresden." The work at PARC (J.E.N.) was supported by the
   AFOSR under Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0106. Use of the Stanford Synchrotron
   Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
NR 52
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 11
U2 79
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1616-301X
EI 1616-3028
J9 ADV FUNCT MATER
JI Adv. Funct. Mater.
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 25
IS 17
BP 2616
EP 2624
DI 10.1002/adfm.201500101
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CH7FC
UT WOS:000354200000015
ER

PT J
AU Sigala, PA
   Ruben, EA
   Liu, CW
   Piccoli, PMB
   Hohenstein, EG
   Martinez, TJ
   Schultz, AJ
   Herschlag, D
AF Sigala, Paul A.
   Ruben, Eliza A.
   Liu, Corey W.
   Piccoli, Paula M. B.
   Hohenstein, Edward G.
   Martinez, Todd J.
   Schultz, Arthur J.
   Herschlag, Daniel
TI Determination of Hydrogen Bond Structure in Water versus Aprotic
   Environments To Test the Relationship Between Length and Stability
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ISOMERASE OXYANION HOLE; PROTON
   CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; KETOSTEROID ISOMERASE;
   ACTIVE-SITE; FRACTIONATION FACTORS; SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS;
   AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ACETIC-ACID
AB Hydrogen bonds profoundly influence the architecture and activity of biological macromolecules. Deep appreciation of hydrogen bond contributions to biomolecular function thus requires a detailed understanding of hydrogen bond structure and energetics and the relationship between these properties. Hydrogen bond formation energies (Delta G(f)) are enormously more favorable in aprotic solvents than in water, and two classes of contributing factors have been proposed to explain this energetic difference, focusing respectively on the isolated and hydrogen-bonded species: (I) water stabilizes the dissociated donor and acceptor groups much better than aprotic solvents, thereby reducing the driving force for hydrogen bond formation; and (II) water lengthens hydrogen bonds compared to aprotic environments, thereby decreasing the potential energy within the hydrogen bond. Each model has been proposed to provide a dominant contribution to Delta G(f), but incisive tests that distinguish the importance of these contributions are lacking. Here we directly test the structural basis of model II. Neutron crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum mechanical calculations demonstrate that O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds in crystals, chloroform, acetone, and water have nearly identical lengths and very similar potential energy surfaces despite Delta G(f) differences >8 kcal/mol across these solvents. These results rule out a substantial contribution from solvent-dependent differences in hydrogen bond structure and potential energy after association (model II) and thus support the conclusion that differences in hydrogen bond Delta G(f) are predominantly determined by solvent interactions with the dissociated groups (model I). These findings advance our understanding of universal hydrogen-bonding interactions and have important implications for biology and engineering.
C1 [Sigala, Paul A.; Ruben, Eliza A.; Herschlag, Daniel] Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Liu, Corey W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Magnet Resonance Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Hohenstein, Edward G.; Martinez, Todd J.; Herschlag, Daniel] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Piccoli, Paula M. B.; Schultz, Arthur J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Herschlag, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Biochem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM herschla@stanford.edu
OI Sigala, Paul/0000-0002-3464-3042; Schultz, Arthur/0000-0003-3646-2269
FU NSF [MCB-1121778]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the
   Scientific Interface; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering
   Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank J. Schwans, M. Miller, and P. Almond for assistance with NMR
   sample preparation, neutron crystallography, and Xray crystallography,
   respectively. We thank J. Bowie, S. Benkovic, B. Cravatt, P. Kim, and C.
   Perrin for critical feedback on the manuscript. Funding was provided by
   NSF grant MCB-1121778 to D.H. P.A.S. is a recipient of a Burroughs
   Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface. Research at
   Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials
   Sciences and Engineering Division (Argonne Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357).
NR 81
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 39
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 137
IS 17
BP 5730
EP 5740
DI 10.1021/ja512980h
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA CH9EJ
UT WOS:000354338500017
PM 25871450
ER

PT J
AU Verma, P
   Vogiatzis, KD
   Planas, N
   Borycz, J
   Xiao, DJ
   Long, JR
   Gagliardi, L
   Truhlar, DG
AF Verma, Pragya
   Vogiatzis, Konstantinos D.
   Planas, Nora
   Borycz, Joshua
   Xiao, Dianne J.
   Long, Jeffrey R.
   Gagliardi, Laura
   Truhlar, Donald G.
TI Mechanism of Oxidation of Ethane to Ethanol at Iron(IV)-Oxo Sites in
   Magnesium-Diluted Fe-2(dobdc)
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; H BOND ACTIVATION; HIGH-VALENT IRON;
   ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DIOXYGENASE; EXCHANGE-ENHANCED REACTIVITY; INITIO
   MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SPIN FE(IV) INTERMEDIATE;
   NONHEME FE-IV=O; WAVE BASIS-SET
AB The catalytic properties of the metal organic framework Fe-2(dobdc), containing open Fe(II) sites, include hydroxylation of phenol by pure Fe-2(dobdc) and hydroxylation of ethane by its magnesium-diluted analogue, Fe0.1Mg1.9(dobdc). In earlier work, the latter reaction was proposed to occur through a redox mechanism involving the generation of an iron(IV)-oxo species, which is an intermediate that is also observed or postulated (depending on the case) in some heme and nonheme enzymes and their model complexes. In the present work, we present a detailed mechanism by which the catalytic material, Fe0.1Mg1.9(dobdc), activates the strong C-H bonds of ethane. Kohn-Sham density functional and multireference wave function calculations have been performed to characterize the electronic structure of key species. We show that the catalytic nonheme-Fe hydroxylation of the strong C-H bond of ethane proceeds by a quintet single-state sigma-attack pathway after the formation of highly reactive iron-oxo intermediate. The mechanistic pathway involves three key transition states, with the highest activation barrier for the transfer of oxygen from N2O to the Fe(II) center. The uncatalyzed reaction, where nitrous oxide directly oxidizes ethane to ethanol is found to have an activation barrier of 280 kJ/mol, in contrast to 82 kJ/mol for the slowest step in the iron(IV)-oxo catalytic mechanism. The energetics of the C-H bond activation steps of ethane and methane are also compared. Dehydrogenation and dissociation pathways that can compete with the formation of ethanol were shown to involve higher barriers than the hydroxylation pathway.
C1 [Verma, Pragya; Vogiatzis, Konstantinos D.; Planas, Nora; Borycz, Joshua; Gagliardi, Laura; Truhlar, Donald G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   [Verma, Pragya; Vogiatzis, Konstantinos D.; Planas, Nora; Borycz, Joshua; Gagliardi, Laura; Truhlar, Donald G.] Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   [Xiao, Dianne J.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Verma, Pragya; Vogiatzis, Konstantinos D.; Planas, Nora; Borycz, Joshua; Xiao, Dianne J.; Long, Jeffrey R.; Gagliardi, Laura; Truhlar, Donald G.] Univ Minnesota, Nanoporous Mat Genome Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   [Planas, Nora] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA.
RP Gagliardi, L (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Chem Theory Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM gagliard@umn.edu; truhlar@umn.edu
RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015
OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
   Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362];
   Phillips 66 Fellowship for Excellence in Graduate Studies; Doctoral
   Dissertation Fellowship
FX We thank Larry Que, Xuefei Xu, and Bo Wang for helpful discussions of
   this work. P.V. acknowledges a Phillips 66 Fellowship for Excellence in
   Graduate Studies and a Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship. This research
   was carried out within the Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, which is
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences
   under award DE-FG02-12ER16362.
NR 104
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 13
U2 93
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 137
IS 17
BP 5770
EP 5781
DI 10.1021/jacs.5b00382
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA CH9EJ
UT WOS:000354338500021
PM 25882096
ER

PT J
AU Cantoni, C
   McGuire, MA
   Saparov, B
   May, AF
   Keiber, T
   Bridges, F
   Sefat, AS
   Sales, BC
AF Cantoni, Claudia
   McGuire, Michael A.
   Saparov, Bayrammurad
   May, Andrew F.
   Keiber, Trevor
   Bridges, Frank
   Sefat, Athena S.
   Sales, Brian C.
TI Room-Temperature Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2 is not Tetragonal: Direct
   Observation of Magnetoelastic Interactions in Pnictide Superconductors
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-BEHAVIOR; IRON; TRANSITION; MICROSCOPY; OCCUPANCY; CAFE2AS2;
   RATIO
AB Lattice distortions corresponding to Ba displacements with respect to the FeAs sublattice are revealed to break the room-temperature tetragonal symmetry in Ba(Fe1-xCox)(2)As-2. The displacements yield twin domains of the size of approximate to 10 nm. The domain size correlates with the magnitude of the local Fe magnetic moment and its non-monotonic dependence on Co concentration.
C1 [Cantoni, Claudia; McGuire, Michael A.; Saparov, Bayrammurad; May, Andrew F.; Sefat, Athena S.; Sales, Brian C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Keiber, Trevor; Bridges, Frank] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
RP Cantoni, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM cantonic@ornl.gov
RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; May, Andrew/E-5897-2011; Sefat,
   Athena/R-5457-2016
OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; May, Andrew/0000-0003-0777-8539;
   Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504
FU Materials Sciences and Engineering Division Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, US Department of Energy; ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials
   Sciences (CNMS) - Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; NSF [DMR1005568]
FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussion with S. J. Pennycook, and E.
   Dagotto. The research was supported by the Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
   Energy. Part of the work was supported by ORNL's Center for Nanophase
   Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is sponsored by the Scientific User
   Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
   Energy. The EXAFS work is supported under NSF (Grant No. DMR1005568).
   The experiments were performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation
   Light Source operated by the DOE Division of Chemical Sciences.
NR 41
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 21
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0935-9648
EI 1521-4095
J9 ADV MATER
JI Adv. Mater.
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 27
IS 17
BP 2715
EP +
DI 10.1002/adma.201404079
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CH7LD
UT WOS:000354217000003
PM 25809406
ER

PT J
AU Brown, M
   Moore, L
   McMahon, B
   Powell, D
   LaBute, M
   Hyman, JM
   Rivas, A
   Jankowski, M
   Berendzen, J
   Loeppky, J
   Manore, C
   Fair, J
AF Brown, Mac
   Moore, Leslie
   McMahon, Benjamin
   Powell, Dennis
   LaBute, Montiago
   Hyman, James M.
   Rivas, Ariel
   Jankowski, Mark
   Berendzen, Joel
   Loeppky, Jason
   Manore, Carrie
   Fair, Jeanne
TI Constructing Rigorous and Broad Biosurveillance Networks for Detecting
   Emerging Zoonotic Outbreaks
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; A H5N1 VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; POULTRY FLOCKS;
   NIGERIA; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC; AFRICA; SPREAD; FARMS
AB Determining optimal surveillance networks for an emerging pathogen is difficult since it is not known beforehand what the characteristics of a pathogen will be or where it will emerge. The resources for surveillance of infectious diseases in animals and wildlife are often limited and mathematical modeling can play a supporting role in examining a wide range of scenarios of pathogen spread. We demonstrate how a hierarchy of mathematical and statistical tools can be used in surveillance planning help guide successful surveillance and mitigation policies for a wide range of zoonotic pathogens. The model forecasts can help clarify the complexities of potential scenarios, and optimize biosurveillance programs for rapidly detecting infectious diseases. Using the highly pathogenic zoonotic H5N1 avian influenza 2006-2007 epidemic in Nigeria as an example, we determined the risk for infection for localized areas in an outbreak and designed biosurveillance stations that are effective for different pathogen strains and a range of possible outbreak locations. We created a general multi-scale, multi-host stochastic SEIR epidemiological network model, with both short and long-range movement, to simulate the spread of an infectious disease through Nigerian human, poultry, backyard duck, and wild bird populations. We chose parameter ranges specific to avian influenza (but not to a particular strain) and used a Latin hypercube sample experimental design to investigate epidemic predictions in a thousand simulations. We ranked the risk of local regions by the number of times they became infected in the ensemble of simulations. These spatial statistics were then complied into a potential risk map of infection. Finally, we validated the results with a known outbreak, using spatial analysis of all the simulation runs to show the progression matched closely with the observed location of the farms infected in the 2006-2007 epidemic.
C1 [Brown, Mac] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Econ, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA.
   [Moore, Leslie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Stat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [McMahon, Benjamin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Powell, Dennis] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Infrastruct Anal, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [LaBute, Montiago] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Engn Div, Appl Stat Group, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Hyman, James M.] Tulane Univ, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
   [Rivas, Ariel] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Global Hlth, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   [Jankowski, Mark] Minnesota Pollut Control Agcy, Environm Anal & Outcomes Div, St Paul, MN 55155 USA.
   [Berendzen, Joel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Loeppky, Jason] Univ British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
   [Manore, Carrie] Tulane Univ, Ctr Computat Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
   [Fair, Jeanne] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Stewardship, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Fair, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Stewardship, K404, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jmfair@lanl.gov
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Los Alamos National
   Security, LLC
FX This work was performed in part by Defense Threat Reduction Agency
   (DTRA) CBT-09-IST- 05-1-0092. All other funding was through Los Alamos
   National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory
   (LANL) under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the US Department of
   Energy. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and
   analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 29
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 5
AR e0124037
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124037
PG 20
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH5BQ
UT WOS:000354049700031
PM 25946164
ER

PT J
AU Shogan, BD
   Belogortseva, N
   Luong, PM
   Zaborin, A
   Lax, S
   Bethel, C
   Ward, M
   Muldoon, JP
   Singer, M
   An, G
   Umanskiy, K
   Konda, V
   Shakhsheer, B
   Luo, J
   Klabbers, R
   Hancock, LE
   Gilbert, J
   Zaborina, O
   Alverdy, JC
AF Shogan, Benjamin D.
   Belogortseva, Natalia
   Luong, Preston M.
   Zaborin, Alexander
   Lax, Simon
   Bethel, Cindy
   Ward, Marc
   Muldoon, Joseph P.
   Singer, Mark
   An, Gary
   Umanskiy, Konstantin
   Konda, Vani
   Shakhsheer, Baddr
   Luo, James
   Klabbers, Robin
   Hancock, Lynn E.
   Gilbert, Jack
   Zaborina, Olga
   Alverdy, John C.
TI Collagen degradation and MMP9 activation by Enterococcus faecalis
   contribute to intestinal anastomotic leak
SO SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; COLORECTAL
   SURGERY; COLON ANASTOMOSIS; VIRULENCE FACTORS; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS;
   ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; SERINE-PROTEASE;
   GELATINASE
AB Even under the most expert care, a properly constructed intestinal anastomosis can fail to heal, resulting in leakage of its contents, peritonitis, and sepsis. The cause of anastomotic leak remains unknown, and its incidence has not changed in decades. We demonstrate that the commensal bacterium Enterococcus faecalis contributes to the pathogenesis of anastomotic leak through its capacity to degrade collagen and to activate tissue matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in host intestinal tissues. We demonstrate in rats that leaking anastomotic tissues were colonized by E. faecalis strains that showed an increased collagen-degrading activity and also an increased ability to activate host MMP9, both of which contributed to anastomotic leakage. We demonstrate that the E. faecalis genes gelE and sprE were required for E. faecalis-mediated MMP9 activation. Either elimination of E. faecalis strains through direct topical antibiotics applied to rat intestinal tissues or pharmacological suppression of intestinal MMP9 activation prevented anastomotic leak in rats. In contrast, the standard recommended intravenous antibiotics used in patients undergoing colorectal surgery did not eliminate E. faecalis at anastomotic tissues nor did they prevent leak in our rat model. Finally, we show in humans undergoing colon surgery and treated with the standard recommended intravenous antibiotics that their anastomotic tissues still contained E. faecalis and other bacterial strains with collagen-degrading/MMP9-activating activity. We suggest that intestinal microbes with the capacity to produce collagenases and to activate host metalloproteinase MMP9 may break down collagen in the intestinal tissue contributing to anastomotic leak.
C1 [Shogan, Benjamin D.; Belogortseva, Natalia; Luong, Preston M.; Zaborin, Alexander; Lax, Simon; Bethel, Cindy; Ward, Marc; An, Gary; Umanskiy, Konstantin; Konda, Vani; Shakhsheer, Baddr; Luo, James; Klabbers, Robin; Gilbert, Jack; Zaborina, Olga; Alverdy, John C.] Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Muldoon, Joseph P.; Singer, Mark] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Evanston, IL 60201 USA.
   [Klabbers, Robin] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands.
   [Hancock, Lynn E.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Alverdy, JC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM jalverdy@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
OI An, Gary/0000-0003-4549-9004
FU NIH Digestive Diseases Research Core Centers [P30 DK42086]
FX This study was funded by a pilot and feasibility grant (J.C.A.) from the
   NIH Digestive Diseases Research Core Centers (P30 DK42086).
NR 64
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 1946-6234
EI 1946-6242
J9 SCI TRANSL MED
JI Sci. Transl. Med.
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 286
AR 286ra68
DI 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010658
PG 12
WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA CI0MP
UT WOS:000354431600010
PM 25947163
ER

PT J
AU Schroder, FAYN
   Cole, JM
   Waddell, PG
   McKechnie, S
AF Schroeder, Florian A. Y. N.
   Cole, Jacqueline M.
   Waddell, Paul G.
   McKechnie, Scott
TI Transforming Benzophenoxazine Laser Dyes into Chromophores for
   Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Molecular Engineering Approach
SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES; AB-INITIO; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ORGANIC-DYES;
   TIO2 FILMS; EFFICIENCY; ENERGY; DERIVATIVES; INTERFACES; ORIGINS
AB The refunctionalization of a series of four well-known industrial laser dyes, based on benzophenoxazine, is explored with the prospect of molecularly engineering new chromophores for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) applications. Such engineering is important since a lack of suitable dyes is stifling the progress of DSC technology. The conceptual idea involves making laser dyes DSC-active by chemical modification, while maintaining their key property attributes that are attractive to DSC applications. This molecular engineering follows a stepwise approach. First, molecular structures and optical absorption properties are determined for the parent laser dyes: Cresyl Violet (1), Oxazine 170 (2), Nile Blue A (3), Oxazine 750 (4). These reveal structure-property relationships which define the prerequisites for computational molecular design of DSC dyes; the nature of their molecular architecture (D-pi-A) and intramolecular charge transfer. Second, new DSC dyes are computationally designed by the in silico addition of a carboxylic acid anchor at various chemical substitution points in the parent laser dyes. A comparison of the resulting frontier molecular orbital energy levels with the conduction band edge of a TiO2 DSC photoanode and the redox potential of two electrolyte options I-/I-3(-) and Co (II/III) tris(bipyridyl) suggests promise for these computationally designed dyes as co-sensitizers for DSC applications.
C1 [Schroeder, Florian A. Y. N.; Cole, Jacqueline M.; Waddell, Paul G.; McKechnie, Scott] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.
   [Cole, Jacqueline M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Cole, Jacqueline M.] Univ Calif Davis, Int Inst Complex Adapt Matter, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Waddell, Paul G.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
RP Cole, JM (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.
EM jmc61@cam.ac.uk
RI Cole, Jacqueline/C-5991-2008; Waddell, Paul/C-7059-2011; 
OI Schroder, Florian/0000-0002-9131-9003
FU DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Bragg Institute at ANSTO; King's College,
   University of Cambridge, UK; EPSRC [EP/P505445/1]
FX J.M.C. is indebted to the ICAM Branches Cost Sharing Fund, the Fulbright
   Commission for a UK-US Fulbright Scholar Award, and to Argonne National
   Laboratory where work done was supported by DOE Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
   The Bragg Institute at ANSTO is also gratefully acknowledged for funding
   (for P.G.W.). S.M. is grateful to King's College, University of
   Cambridge, UK, and the EPSRC (Grant No. EP/P505445/1) for Ph.D. funding.
   The authors thank the EPSRC UK National Service for Computational
   Chemistry Software (NSCCS) and acknowledge contributions from its staff
   in supporting this work.
NR 43
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 24
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1614-6832
EI 1614-6840
J9 ADV ENERGY MATER
JI Adv. Energy Mater.
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 9
AR 1401728
DI 10.1002/aenm.201401728
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA CH7MG
UT WOS:000354220000002
ER

PT J
AU Schulz, P
   Whittaker-Brooks, LL
   MacLeod, BA
   Olson, DC
   Loo, YL
   Kahn, A
AF Schulz, Philip
   Whittaker-Brooks, Luisa L.
   MacLeod, Bradley A.
   Olson, Dana C.
   Loo, Yueh-Lin
   Kahn, Antoine
TI Electronic Level Alignment in Inverted Organometal Perovskite Solar
   Cells
SO ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-COST; EFFICIENT; FILMS; ENERGY; LAYERS
C1 [Schulz, Philip; Kahn, Antoine] Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Whittaker-Brooks, Luisa L.; Loo, Yueh-Lin] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [MacLeod, Bradley A.; Olson, Dana C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Schulz, P (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM aphschulz@gmail.com; kahn@princeton.edu
RI MacLeod, Bradley/F-5589-2013; Schulz, Philip/N-2295-2015
OI MacLeod, Bradley/0000-0001-5319-3051; Schulz, Philip/0000-0002-8177-0108
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1005892]; Princeton Center for Complex
   Materials MRSEC [DMR-0819860]; L'Oreal USA for Women in Science
   postdoctoral fellowship; Center for Interface Science: Solar Electric
   Materials (CISSEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department
   of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001084]
FX Work at Princeton University was supported by a grant of the National
   Science Foundation (Grant No. DMR-1005892) and the Princeton Center for
   Complex Materials MRSEC (Grant No. DMR-0819860), which also provided
   access to the PRISM Imaging and Analysis Center. L.L.W.-B. is supported
   by the L'Oreal USA for Women in Science postdoctoral fellowship. Work at
   NREL was supported as part of the Center for Interface Science: Solar
   Electric Materials (CISSEM), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded
   by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy
   Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001084.
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 6
U2 73
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2196-7350
J9 ADV MATER INTERFACES
JI Adv. Mater. Interfaces
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 2
IS 7
AR 1400532
DI 10.1002/admi.201400532
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA CH7AT
UT WOS:000354188700001
ER

PT J
AU Padmanath, M
   Edwards, RG
   Mathur, N
   Peardon, M
AF Padmanath, M.
   Edwards, Robert G.
   Mathur, Nilmani
   Peardon, Michael
CA Hadron Spectrum Collaboration
TI Spectroscopy of doubly charmed baryons from lattice QCD
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D
LA English
DT Article
ID 2 HEAVY QUARKS; MODEL; SPECTRUM; MESONS; MASSES
AB We present the ground and excited state spectra of doubly charmed baryons from lattice QCD with dynamical quark fields. Calculations are performed on anisotropic lattices of size 16(3) x 128, with inverse spacing in temporal direction a(t)(-1) = 5.67(4) GeV and with a pion mass of about 390 MeV. A large set of baryonic operators that respect the symmetries of the lattice yet which retain a memory of their continuum analogues are used. These operators transform as irreducible representations of SU(3)(F) symmetry for flavor, SU(4) symmetry for Dirac spins of quarks and O(3) for spatial symmetry. The distillation method is utilized to generate baryon correlation functions which are analyzed using the variational fitting method to extract excited states. The lattice spectra obtained have baryonic states with well-defined total spins up to 7/2 and the pattern of low-lying states does not support the diquark picture for doubly charmed baryons. On the contrary the calculated spectra are remarkably similar to the expectations from models with an SU(6) x O(3) symmetry. Various spin-dependent energy splittings between the extracted states are also evaluated.
C1 [Padmanath, M.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
   [Edwards, Robert G.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
   [Mathur, Nilmani] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Theoret Phys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India.
   [Peardon, Michael] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Math, Dublin 2, Ireland.
RP Padmanath, M (reprint author), Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
EM padmanath.madanagopalan@uni-graz.at; edwards@jlab.org;
   nilmani@theory.tifr.res.in; mjp@maths.tcd.ie
OI Peardon, Michael/0000-0002-4199-6284
FU Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), at the SFI/HEA Irish Centre for
   High-End Computing (ICHEC); Jefferson Laboratory under the USQCD
   Initiative; LQCD ARRA project; U.S. Department of Energy INCITE program
   at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory; NSF Teragrid at the Texas Advanced Computer Center;
   Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center; Trinity College Dublin Indian Research
   Collaboration Initiative; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I1313-N27];
   Department of Theoretical Physics, TIFR; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; European Union [238353]; Graduate School Tata
   Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai
FX We thank our colleagues within the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration. Chroma
   [66] and QUDA [67,68] were used to perform this work on the Gaggle and
   Brood clusters of the Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute
   of Fundamental Research, at Lonsdale cluster maintained by the Trinity
   Centre for High Performance Computing funded through grants from Science
   Foundation Ireland (SFI), at the SFI/HEA Irish Centre for High-End
   Computing (ICHEC), and at Jefferson Laboratory under the USQCD
   Initiative and the LQCD ARRA project. Gauge configurations were
   generated using resources awarded from the U.S. Department of Energy
   INCITE program at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at Oak
   Ridge National Laboratory, the NSF Teragrid at the Texas Advanced
   Computer Center and the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center, as well as at
   Jefferson Lab. M. Padmanath acknowledges support from the Trinity
   College Dublin Indian Research Collaboration Initiative, Graduate School
   Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai and Austrian Science Fund
   (FWF), Grant No. I1313-N27; N. M. acknowledges support from Department
   of Theoretical Physics, TIFR; R. G. E. acknowledges support from U.S.
   Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which
   Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, manages and operates Jefferson
   Laboratory; M. Peardon acknowledges support from the European Union
   under Grant Agreement No. 238353 (ITN STRONGnet).
NR 68
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2470-0010
EI 2470-0029
J9 PHYS REV D
JI Phys. Rev. D
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 9
AR 094502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.094502
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CH3YJ
UT WOS:000353966800003
ER

PT J
AU Mokhov, NV
   Rakhno, IL
   Tropin, IS
   Cerutti, F
   Esposito, LS
   Lechner, A
AF Mokhov, N. V.
   Rakhno, I. L.
   Tropin, I. S.
   Cerutti, F.
   Esposito, L. S.
   Lechner, A.
TI Energy deposition studies for the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider
   inner triplet magnets
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW SPECIAL TOPICS-ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS
LA English
DT Article
AB A detailed model of the high-luminosity LHC inner triplet region with new large-aperture Nb3Sn magnets, field maps, corrector packages, and segmented tungsten inner absorbers was built and implemented into the FLUKA and MARS15 codes. Detailed simulations have been performed coherently with the codes on the impact of particle debris from the 14-TeV center-of-mass pp-collisions on the short- and long-term stability of the inner triplet magnets. After optimizing the absorber configuration, the peak power density averaged over the magnet inner cable width is found to be safely below the quench limit at the luminosity of 5 x 10(34) cm(-2) s(-1). For the anticipated lifetime integrated luminosity of 3000 fb(-1), the peak dose calculated for the innermost magnet insulator ranges from 20 to 35 MGy, a figure close to the commonly accepted limit. Dynamic heat loads to the triplet magnet cold mass are calculated to evaluate the cryogenic capability. FLUKA and MARS results on energy deposition are in very good agreement.
C1 [Mokhov, N. V.; Rakhno, I. L.; Tropin, I. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   [Cerutti, F.; Esposito, L. S.; Lechner, A.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
RP Mokhov, NV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM mokhov@fnal.gov
FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States
   Department of Energy; High-Luminosity LHC Project
FX This work was supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy and by
   the High-Luminosity LHC Project.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-4402
J9 PHYS REV SPEC TOP-AC
JI Phys. Rev. Spec. Top.-Accel. Beams
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 18
IS 5
DI 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.18.051001
PG 10
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA CH3ZM
UT WOS:000353969900001
ER

PT J
AU Bornstein, AC
   Chapman, BJ
   Ghimire, NJ
   Mandrus, DG
   Parker, DS
   Lee, M
AF Bornstein, Alexander C.
   Chapman, Benjamin J.
   Ghimire, Nirmal J.
   Mandrus, David G.
   Parker, David S.
   Lee, Minhyea
TI Out-of-plane spin-orientation dependent magnetotransport properties in
   the anisotropic helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; MAGNETORESISTANCE;
   SKYRMIONS; MODEL
AB Understanding the role of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) has been crucial for controlling magnetic anisotropy in magnetic multilayer films. It has been shown that electronic structure can be altered via interface SOC by varying the superlattice structure, resulting in spontaneous magnetization perpendicular or parallel to the plane. In lieu of magnetic thin films, we study the similarly anisotropic helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2 where the spin-polarization direction, controlled by the applied magnetic field, can modify the electronic structure. As a result, the direction of spin polarization can modulate the density of states and in turn affect the in-plane electrical conductivity. In Cr1/3NbS2, we found an enhancement of in-plane conductivity when the spin polarization is out-of-plane as compared to in-plane spin polarization. This is consistent with the increase in density of states near the Fermi energy at the same spin configuration, found from first-principles calculations. We also observe unusual field dependence of the Hall signal in the same temperature range. This is unlikely to originate from the noncollinear spin texture but rather further indicates strong dependence of electronic structure on spin orientation relative to the plane.
C1 [Bornstein, Alexander C.; Chapman, Benjamin J.; Lee, Minhyea] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Ghimire, Nirmal J.; Mandrus, David G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Ghimire, Nirmal J.; Mandrus, David G.; Parker, David S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Mandrus, David G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Bornstein, AC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM minhyea.lee@colorado.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-SC0006888]; ORNL by DOE, Office of Science BES, Materials Sciences
   and Engineering Division; Critical Materials Institute, an Energy
   Innovation Hub - U.S. DOE, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
   Advanced Manufacturing Office
FX The authors thank J. G. Checkelsky, X. Fan, M. Hermele, and K. M.
   McElroy for enlightening discussions. This work at CU was supported by
   the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences
   under Award No. DE-SC0006888, and at ORNL by DOE, Office of Science BES,
   Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. D.S.P. was supported by the
   Critical Materials Institute, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the
   U.S. DOE, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing
   Office.
NR 31
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 5
U2 27
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 6
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 18
AR 184401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.184401
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA CH3YC
UT WOS:000353966100004
ER

PT J
AU Parsons, HT
   Heazlewood, JL
AF Parsons, Harriet T.
   Heazlewood, Joshua L.
TI Beyond the Western front: targeted proteomics and organelle abundance
   profiling
SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE multiple reaction monitoring (MRM); organelle abundance; immunoblotting;
   Arabidopsis; quantitative proteomics; proteomics
ID PLANT PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES;
   ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER;
   POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; PROTEINS; MITOCHONDRIA; NITROCELLULOSE
AB The application of westerns or immunoblotting techniques for assessing the composition, dynamics, and purity of protein extracts from plant material has become common practice. While the approach is reproducible, can be readily applied and is generally considered robust, the field of plant science suffers from a lack of antibody variety against plant proteins. The development of approaches that employ mass spectrometry to enable both relative and absolute quantification of many hundreds of proteins in a single sample from a single analysis provides a mechanism to overcome the expensive impediment in having to develop antibodies in plant science. We consider it an opportune moment to consider and better develop the adoption of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based analyses in plant biochemistry.
C1 [Parsons, Harriet T.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Sect Plant Glycobiol, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
   [Heazlewood, Joshua L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Heazlewood, Joshua L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Ctr Excellence Plant Cell Walls, Australian Res Council, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
RP Heazlewood, JL (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch BioSci, Ctr Excellence Plant Cell Walls, Australian Res Council, Swanston St, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
EM joshua.heazlewood@unimelb.edu.au
RI Heazlewood, Joshua/A-2554-2008; Parsons, Harriet/J-9094-2016
OI Heazlewood, Joshua/0000-0002-2080-3826; Parsons,
   Harriet/0000-0003-1666-9123
FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Australian Research Council
   Future Fellowship [FT130101165]; Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship
   [FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF 301401]
FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through
   contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
   and the U. S. Department of Energy. JH is supported by an Australian
   Research Council Future Fellowship [FT130101165]. HP is supported by a
   Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship 2012 [FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF 301401].
NR 39
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 17
PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND
SN 1664-462X
J9 FRONT PLANT SCI
JI Front. Plant Sci.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 301
DI 10.3389/fpls.2015.00301
PG 5
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA CL4CV
UT WOS:000356901100001
PM 25999968
ER

PT J
AU Imam, S
   Schauble, S
   Brooks, AN
   Baliga, NS
   Price, ND
AF Imam, Saheed
   Schaeuble, Sascha
   Brooks, Aaron N.
   Baliga, Nitin S.
   Price, Nathan D.
TI Data-driven integration of genome-scale regulatory and metabolic network
SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE metabolic networks; transcriptional networks; constraint-based modeling;
   network integration; flux balance analysis; signaling; regulation;
   metabolism
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; WHOLE-CELL SIMULATION; HIGH-THROUGHPUT;
   TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION;
   PYRUVATE-KINASE; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; GENE; MODELS
AB Microbes are diverse and extremely versatile organisms that play vital roles in all ecological niches. Understanding and harnessing microbial systems will be key to the sustainability of our planet. One approach to improving our knowledge of microbial processes is through data-driven and mechanism-informed computational modeling. Individual models of biological networks (such as metabolism, transcription, and signaling) have played pivotal roles in driving microbial research through the years. These networks, however, are highly interconnected and function in concert a fact that has led to the development of a variety of approaches aimed at simulating the integrated functions of two or more network types. Though the task of integrating these different models is fraught with new challenges, the large amounts of high-throughput data sets being generated, and algorithms being developed, means that the time is at hand for concerted efforts to build integrated regulatory-metabolic networks in a data-driven fashion. In this perspective, we review current approaches for constructing integrated regulatory-metabolic models and outline new strategies for future development of these network models for any microbial system.
C1 [Imam, Saheed; Schaeuble, Sascha; Brooks, Aaron N.; Baliga, Nitin S.; Price, Nathan D.] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
   [Schaeuble, Sascha] Univ Jena, Language & Informat Engn Lab, Jena, Germany.
   [Baliga, Nitin S.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Baliga, Nitin S.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Baliga, Nitin S.] Univ Washington, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Baliga, Nitin S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Price, ND (reprint author), Inst Syst Biol, 401 Terry Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
EM nprice@systemsbiology.org
FU DOE-ABY [DEEE0006315]; DOE ARPA-E program [DE-AR0000426]; NIH Center for
   Systems Biology [2P50 GM076547]; Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar
   program; German Ministry for Research and Education [FKZ 0315581D]
FX This work was funded in part by DOE-ABY (DEEE0006315) (NSB, NDP), DOE
   ARPA-E program (DE-AR0000426) (NDP), NIH Center for Systems Biology/2P50
   GM076547 (NSB, NDP) and the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar program
   (NDP). We also acknowledge financial support from the German Ministry
   for Research and Education within the framework of the GerontoSys
   initiative (grant FKZ 0315581D) (SS).
NR 96
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 3
U2 21
PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND
SN 1664-302X
J9 FRONT MICROBIOL
JI Front. Microbiol.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 409
DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00409
PG 10
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CI9SV
UT WOS:000355111000001
PM 25999934
ER

PT J
AU Loutherback, K
   Chen, L
   Holman, HYN
AF Loutherback, Kevin
   Chen, Liang
   Holman, Hoi-Ying N.
TI Open-Channel Microfluidic Membrane Device for Long-Term FT-IR
   Spectromicroscopy of Live Adherent Cells
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; LIVING CELLS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS;
   MICRO-SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIATION; ENVIRONMENT; PATHWAYS; TISSUE
AB Spatially resolved infrared spectroscopy is a label-free and nondestructive analytical technique that can provide spatiotemporal information on functional groups in biomolecules of a sample by their characteristic vibrational modes. One difficulty in performing long-term FT-IR measurements on live cells is the competition between the strong IR absorption from water and the need to supply nutrients and remove waste. In this proof of principle study, we developed an open-channel membrane device that allows long-term continuous IR measurement of live, adherent mammalian cells. Composed of a gold-coated porous membrane between a feeding channel and a viewing chamber, it allows cells to be maintained on the upper membrane surface in a thin layer of fluid while media is replenished from the feeding channel below. Using this device, we monitored the spatiotemporal chemical changes in living colonies of PC12 cells under nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation for up to 7 days using both conventional globar and high-resolution synchrotron radiation-based IR sources. We identified the primary chemical change cells undergo is an increase in glycogen that may be associated with secretion of glycoprotein to protect the cells from evaporative stress at the air-liquid interface. Analyzing the spectral maps with multivariate methods of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), we found that the cells at the boundary of the colony and in a localized region in the center of the colony tend to produce more glycogen and glycoprotein than cells located elsewhere in the colony and that the degree of spatial heterogeneity decreases with time. This method provides a promising approach for long-term live-cell spectromicroscopy on mammalian cell systems.
C1 [Loutherback, Kevin; Chen, Liang; Holman, Hoi-Ying N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Struct Biol BSISB P, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Struct Biol BSISB P, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM hyholman@lbl.gov
RI Loutherback, Kevin/G-1957-2015; Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014; Chen,
   Liang/F-3496-2011
OI Loutherback, Kevin/0000-0002-4020-5188; Holman,
   Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625; 
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Biological
   and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, and
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was performed under the Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared
   Structural Biology (BSISB) Program funded by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office
   of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Both were supported
   through Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 33
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 87
IS 9
BP 4601
EP 4606
DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00524
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA CH6NP
UT WOS:000354153600004
PM 25886198
ER

PT J
AU Yang, JY
   Rubel, O
   Prabhat
   Mahoney, MW
   Bowen, BP
AF Yang, Jiyan
   Ruebel, Oliver
   Prabhat
   Mahoney, Michael W.
   Bowen, Benjamin P.
TI Identifying Important Ions and Positions in Mass Spectrometry Imaging
   Data Using CUR Matrix Decompositions
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION
AB Mass spectrometry imaging enables label-free, high-resolution spatial mapping of the chemical composition of complex, biological samples. Typical experiments require selecting ions and/or positions from the images: ions for fragmentation studies to identify keystone compounds and positions for follow up validation measurements using microdissection or other orthogonal techniques. Unfortunately, with modern imaging machines, these must be selected from an overwhelming amount of raw data. Existing techniques to reduce the volume of data, the most popular of which are principle component analysis and non-negative matrix factorization, have the disadvantage that they return difficultto-interpret linear combinations of actual data elements. In this work, we show that CX and CUR matrix decompositions can be used directly to address this selection need. CX and CUR matrix decompositions use empirical statistical leverage scores of the input data to provide provably good low-rank approximations of the measured data that are expressed in terms of actual ions and actual positions, as opposed to difficult-to-interpret eigenions and eigenpositions. We show that this leads to effective prioritization of information for both ions and positions. In particular, important ions can be found either by using the leverage scores as a ranking function and using a deterministic greedy selection algorithm or by using the leverage scores as an importance sampling distribution and using a random sampling algorithm; however, selection of important positions from the original matrix performed significantly better when they were chosen with the random sampling algorithm. Also, we show that 20 ions or 40 locations can be used to reconstruct the original matrix to a tolerance of 17% error for a widely studied image of brain lipids; and we provide a scalable implementation of this method that is applicable for analysis of the raw data where there are often more than a million rows and/or columns, which is larger than SVD-based low-rank approximation methods can handle. These results introduce the concept of CX/CUR matrix factorizations to mass spectrometry imaging, describing their utility and illustrating principled algorithmic approaches to deal with the overwhelming amount of data generated by modern mass spectrometry imaging.
C1 [Yang, Jiyan] Stanford Univ, Inst Computat & Math Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Ruebel, Oliver; Prabhat] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Mahoney, Michael W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Int Comp Sci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Mahoney, Michael W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bowen, Benjamin P.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bowen, BP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM bpbowen@lbl.gov
FU Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research,
   Applied Mathematics program of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
   Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program of
   the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This
   work used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing
   Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Partial
   support for this work was provided by the Defense Advanced Research
   Projects Agency.
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 87
IS 9
BP 4658
EP 4666
DI 10.1021/ac5040264
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA CH6NP
UT WOS:000354153600013
PM 25825055
ER

PT J
AU Hou, HM
   Chan, GCY
   Mao, XL
   Zorba, V
   Zheng, R
   Russo, RE
AF Hou, Huaming
   Chan, George C. -Y.
   Mao, Xianglei
   Zorba, Vassilia
   Zheng, Ronger
   Russo, Richard E.
TI Femtosecond Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry for Zirconium
   Isotope Analysis
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; REFRACTORY
   MOLECULES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; INDUCED PLASMAS; OXIDE; ZRO; SYSTEMS; RATIO;
   LIBS
AB Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry (LAMIS) for rapid isotopic analysis of zirconium at atmospheric pressure was studied with a femtosecond-laser system operated under high repetition rate (1 kHz) and low pulse energy (160 mu J). The temporal evolution of zirconium neutral-atomic and ionic lines, as well as zirconium oxide molecular bands, were studied. Six molecular bands, belonging to the d(3)Delta-a(3)Delta A (i.e., the alpha system) and E-1 Sigma(+),X-1 Sigma(+) transitions, were observed with appreciable isotopic shifts. The assignments of the isotopic bandheads were first based on theoretical predictions of the band origins and the associated isotopic shifts of various dipole-allowed ZrO electronic transitions, followed by an experimental confirmation with a Zr-94-enriched ZrO2 sample. In this work, the alpha(0,1) band from the d(3)Delta(3)-a(3)Delta(3) subsystem was utilized for Zr isotope analysis based on a compromise between the magnitude of isotopic shifts in emission wavelengths, emission strengths, signal-to-background ratios, and spectral interferences. The analysis was performed in a standardless calibration approach; the isotopic information was extracted from the experimentally measured molecular spectra through theoretical spectral fitting. The results demonstrate the feasibility to obtain isotopic information for a spectrally complicated element like zirconium, without the need to use isotopically labeled calibration standards. The availability of comprehensive molecular constants will further improve the analytical accuracy of this standardless calibration approach.
C1 [Hou, Huaming; Chan, George C. -Y.; Mao, Xianglei; Zorba, Vassilia; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Hou, Huaming; Zheng, Ronger] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China.
RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM rerusso@lbl.gov
RI Zorba, Vassilia/C-4589-2015
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Nonproliferation at the
   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DEAC02-05CH112]; China
   Scholarship Council (CSC)
FX The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Nuclear Nonproliferation, under contract no. DEAC02-05CH112 at the
   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Huaming Hou acknowledges support
   from the China Scholarship Council (CSC).
NR 50
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 5
U2 41
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
EI 1520-6882
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 87
IS 9
BP 4788
EP 4796
DI 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00056
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA CH6NP
UT WOS:000354153600030
PM 25821993
ER

PT J
AU Giang, A
   Stokes, LC
   Streets, DG
   Corbitt, ES
   Selin, NE
AF Giang, Amanda
   Stokes, Leah C.
   Streets, David G.
   Corbitt, Elizabeth S.
   Selin, Noelle E.
TI Impacts of the Minamata Convention on Mercury Emissions and Global
   Deposition from Coal-Fired Power Generation in Asia
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE;
   SOUTHEASTERN US; PLANT PLUMES; HUMAN HEALTH; CHINA; SPECIATION; MODEL;
   FISH
AB We explore implications of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury for emissions from Asian coal-fired power generation, and resulting changes to deposition worldwide by 2050. We use engineering analysis, document analysis, and interviews to construct plausible technology scenarios consistent with the Convention. We translate these scenarios into emissions projections for 2050, and use the GEOS-Chem model to calculate global mercury deposition. Where technology requirements in the Convention are flexibly defined, under a global energy and development scenario that relies heavily on coal, we project similar to 90 and 150 Mg.y(-1) of avoided power sector emissions for China and India, respectively, in 2050, compared to a scenario in which only current technologies are used. Benefits of this avoided emissions growth are primarily captured regionally, with projected changes in annual average gross deposition over China and India similar to 2 and 13 mu g.m(-2) lower, respectively, than the current technology case. Stricter, but technologically feasible, mercury control requirements in both countries could lead to a combined additional 170 Mg.y(-1) avoided emissions. Assuming only current technologies but a global transition away from coal avoids 6% and 36% more emissions than this strict technology scenario under heavy coal use for China and India, respectively.
C1 [Giang, Amanda; Selin, Noelle E.] MIT, Engn Syst Div, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Stokes, Leah C.] MIT, Dept Urban Studies & Planning, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Stokes, Leah C.] MIT, Dept Polit Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Corbitt, Elizabeth S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Selin, Noelle E.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Giang, A (reprint author), MIT, Engn Syst Div, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM agiang@mit.edu
RI Selin, Noelle/A-4158-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014
OI Selin, Noelle/0000-0002-6396-5622; 
FU NSF [1053648, 1313755]; MIT SSRC Stokes Fellowship; MIT J.H. and E.V.
   Wade fund
FX Funding was provided by the NSF Atmospheric Chemistry (no. 1053648), and
   Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (no. 1313755) programs,
   the MIT SSRC Stokes Fellowship, and the MIT J.H. and E.V. Wade fund. We
   thank all interviewees for sharing their time and insights, and Rebecca
   Silverman (MIT) for interview transcriptions.
NR 78
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 10
U2 51
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 49
IS 9
BP 5326
EP 5335
DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00074
PG 10
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CH6OL
UT WOS:000354155800011
PM 25851589
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, LD
   Dong, HL
   Kukkadapu, RK
   Zeng, Q
   Edelmann, RE
   Pentrak, M
   Agrawal, A
AF Zhao, Linduo
   Dong, Hailiang
   Kukkadapu, Ravi K.
   Zeng, Qiang
   Edelmann, Richard E.
   Pentrak, Martin
   Agrawal, Abinash
TI Biological Redox Cycling of Iron in Nontronite and Its Potential
   Application in Nitrate Removal
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROBIAL REDUCTION; ILLITE REACTION; ANAEROBIC BIOOXIDATION;
   ORGANIC-MATTER; HUMIC ACIDS; SMECTITE; FE(III); BACTERIA; MOSSBAUER;
   OXIDATION
AB Biological redox cycling of structural Fe in phyllosilicates is an important but poorly understood process. The objective of this research was to study microbially mediated redox cycles of Fe in nontronite (NAu-2). During the reduction phase, structural Fe(III) in NAu-2 served as electron acceptor, lactate as electron donor, AQDS as electron shuttle, and dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 as mediator in bicarbonate- and PIPES-buffered media. During the oxidation phase, biogenic Fe(II) served as electron donor and nitrate as electron acceptor. Nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002 was added as mediator in the same media. For all three cycles, structural Fe in NAu-2 was able to reversibly undergo three redox cycles without significant dissolution. Fe(II) in bioreduced samples occurred in two distinct environments, at edges and in the interior of the NAu-2 structure. Nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas was coupled with oxidation of edge-Fe(II) and part of interior-Fe(II) under both buffer conditions, and its extent and rate did not change with Fe redox cycles. These results suggest that biological redox cycling of structural Fe in phyllosilicates is a reversible process and has important implications for biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients in natural environments.
C1 [Zhao, Linduo; Dong, Hailiang] Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
   [Edelmann, Richard E.] Miami Univ, Ctr Adv Microscopy & Imaging, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
   [Dong, Hailiang; Zeng, Qiang] China Univ Geosci, State Key Lab Biogeol & Environm Geol, Geomicrobiol Lab, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
   [Kukkadapu, Ravi K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Pentrak, Martin] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Agrawal, Abinash] Wright State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA.
RP Dong, HL (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Earth Sci, Oxford, OH 45056 USA.
EM dongh@miamioh.edu
FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR 1148039]; Department of Energy's
   Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NSF [EAR-0722807]
FX The work was supported by a grant from National Science Foundation (NSF)
   (EAR 1148039). A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a
   national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of
   Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at
   Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The JEOL 2100 TEM used in this
   study was supported by NSF Grant No. EAR-0722807. We are grateful to the
   associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers whose comments
   significantly improved the quality of the manuscript.
NR 56
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 13
U2 94
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0013-936X
EI 1520-5851
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 49
IS 9
BP 5493
EP 5501
DI 10.1021/acs.est.5b00131
PG 9
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CH6OL
UT WOS:000354155800030
PM 25873540
ER

PT J
AU Du, ZY
   Fang, DL
   Wang, ZY
   Du, G
   Yang, X
   Yang, H
   Gu, GD
   Wen, HH
AF Du Zeng-Yi
   Fang De-Long
   Wang Zhen-Yu
   Du Guan
   Yang Xiong
   Yang Huan
   Gu Gen-Da
   Wen Hai-Hu
TI Investigation of scanning tunneling spectra on iron-based superconductor
   FeSe0.5Te0.5
SO ACTA PHYSICA SINICA
LA Chinese
DT Article
DE iron-based superconductor; scanning tunneling spectrum; unconventional
   superconductivity
ID WAVE
AB FeSe0.5Te0.5 single crystals with superconducting critical temperature of 13.5 K are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements in detail. STM image on the top surface shows an atomically resolved square lattice consisted by white and dark spots with a constant of about 3.73 +/- 0.03 angstrom which is consistent with the lattice constant 3.78 angstrom. The Se and Te atoms with a height difference of about 0.35 angstrom are successfully identified since the sizes of the two kinds of atoms are different. The tunneling spectra show very large zero-bias conductance value and asymmetric coherent peaks in the superconducting state. According to the positions of coherence peaks, we determine the superconducting gap 2 Delta = 5.5 meV, and the reduced gap 2 Delta/k(B)T(c) = 4.9 is larger than the value predicted by the weak-coupling BCS theory. The zero-bias conductance at 1.7 K only have a decrease of about 40% compared with the normal state conductance, which may originate from some scattering and broadening mechanism in the material. This broadening effect will also make the superconducting gap determined by the distance between the coherence peaks larger than the exact gap value. The asymmetric structure of the tunneling spectra near the superconducting gap is induced by the hump on the background. This hump appears at temperature more than twice the superconducting critical temperature. This kind of hump has also been observed in other iron pnictides and needs further investigation. A possible bosonic mode outside the coherence peak with a mode energy O of about 5.5 meV is observed in some tunneling spectra, and the ratio between the mode energy and superconducting transition temperature Omega/k(B)T(c) approximate to 4.7 is roughly consistent with the universal ratio 4.3 in iron-based superconductors. The high-energy background of the spectra beyond the superconducting gaps shows a V-shape feature. The slopes of the differential conductance spectra at high energy are very different in the areas of Te-atom cluster and Se-atom cluster, and the difference extends to the energy of more than 300 meV. The differential conductance mapping has very little information about the quasi-particle interference of the superconducting state, which may result from the other strong scattering mechanism in the sample.
C1 [Du Zeng-Yi; Fang De-Long; Du Guan; Yang Xiong; Yang Huan; Wen Hai-Hu] Nanjing Univ, Sch Phys, Ctr Superconducting Phys & Mat, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Wang Zhen-Yu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
   [Gu Gen-Da] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Yang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Sch Phys, Ctr Superconducting Phys & Mat, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM huanyang@nju.edu.cn; hhwen@nju.edu.cn
FU State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China
   [2011CBA00102]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11374144];
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and
   Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic
   Research of China (Grant No. 2011CBA00102), the National Natural Science
   Foundation of China (Grant No. 11374144). Work at Brookhaven National
   Laboratory was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   Division of Materials Science and Engineering, U.S. Department of
   Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 18
PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC
PI BEIJING
PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1000-3290
J9 ACTA PHYS SIN-CH ED
JI Acta Phys. Sin.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 64
IS 9
SI SI
AR 097401
DI 10.7498/aps.64.097401
PG 7
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CI2VL
UT WOS:000354605400045
ER

PT J
AU Sue, ACH
   Mannige, RV
   Deng, HX
   Cao, D
   Wang, C
   Gandara, F
   Stoddart, JF
   Whitelam, S
   Yaghi, OM
AF Sue, Andrew C. -H.
   Mannige, Ranjan V.
   Deng, Hexiang
   Cao, Dennis
   Wang, Cheng
   Gandara, Felipe
   Stoddart, J. Fraser
   Whitelam, Stephen
   Yaghi, Omar M.
TI Heterogeneity of functional groups in a metal-organic framework displays
   magic number ratios
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE metal-organic framework; out of equilibrium; polycrystalline; Monte
   Carlo simulation
ID DESIGN; SERIES; NETS
AB Multiple organic functionalities can now be apportioned into nanoscale domains within a metal-coordinated framework, posing the following question: how do we control the resulting combination of "heterogeneity and order"? Here, we report the creation of a metal-organic framework, MOF-2000, whose two component types are incorporated in a 2:1 ratio, even when the ratio of component types in the starting solution is varied by an order of magnitude. Statistical mechanical modeling suggests that this robust 2:1 ratio has a nonequilibrium origin, resulting from kinetic trapping of component types during framework growth. Our simulations show how other "magic number" ratios of components can be obtained by modulating the topology of a framework and the noncovalent interactions between component types, a finding that may aid the rational design of functional multicomponent materials.
C1 [Sue, Andrew C. -H.; Deng, Hexiang; Gandara, Felipe; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Sue, Andrew C. -H.; Deng, Hexiang; Gandara, Felipe; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Sue, Andrew C. -H.; Cao, Dennis; Wang, Cheng; Stoddart, J. Fraser] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60201 USA.
   [Mannige, Ranjan V.; Whitelam, Stephen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Yaghi, Omar M.] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Stoddart, JF (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60201 USA.
EM stoddart@northwestern.edu; SWhitelam@lbl.gov; yaghi@berkeley.edu
RI Gandara, Felipe/B-9198-2013; Sue, Andrew/K-1641-2015; Foundry,
   Molecular/G-9968-2014; Wang, Cheng/S-2641-2016; 
OI Gandara, Felipe/0000-0002-1671-6260; Wang, Cheng/0000-0003-0326-2674;
   Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325
FU National Center for Research Resources [5P41RR015301-10]; National
   Institute of General Medical Sciences from National Institutes of Health
   [P41 GM103403]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Non-Equilibrium Energy Research Center, an Energy
   Frontiers Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-SC000989]; NU [34-949]; KACST; NU;
   National Science Foundation; Ryan Fellowship; NU International Institute
   for Nanotechnology
FX A.C.-H.S. acknowledges T.-Y. Chen at University of California, Los
   Angeles (UCLA) for discussions on graph theory and initial theoretical
   modeling. A.C.-H.S. and H.D. acknowledge B. Kahr and A. Shtukenberg at
   New York University for crystal optics measurement and discussion.
   A.C.-H.S., H.D., and F.G. thank D. Cascio at UCLA and S. Teat at
   Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
   (LBNL) for help on synchrotron experiments. We thank M. Capel, K.
   Rajashankar, N. Sukumar, J. Schuermann, I. Kourinov, and F. Murphy at
   Northeastern Collaborative Access Team beamlines 24-ID at Advanced
   Photon Source (APS) of Argonne National Laboratory, which are supported
   by grants from the National Center for Research Resources
   (5P41RR015301-10) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences
   (P41 GM103403) from the National Institutes of Health. Use of the APS is
   supported by US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
   ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under Contract
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work used resources of the National Energy
   Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office
   of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The research at Northwestern University (NU) by
   A.C.-H.S., D.C., and C.W., which was supported by the Non-Equilibrium
   Energy Research Center, an Energy Frontiers Research Center funded by
   the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Science, under Award DE-SC000989, is part of the Joint Center of
   Excellence in Integrated Nanosystems at King Abdul-Aziz City for Science
   and Technology (KACST) and NU (Project 34-949). We thank both KACST and
   NU for their continued support of this research. D.C. acknowledges the
   National Science Foundation for a Graduate Research Fellowship. D.C.
   also gratefully acknowledges support from the Ryan Fellowship and the NU
   International Institute for Nanotechnology. S.W. and R.V.M. performed
   work at the Molecular Foundry at LBNL, supported by the Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy
   under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 29
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 11
U2 98
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 112
IS 18
BP 5591
EP 5596
DI 10.1073/pnas.1416417112
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH3TS
UT WOS:000353953800035
PM 25901326
ER

PT J
AU Michalczyk, R
   Unkefer, CJ
   Bacik, JP
   Schrader, TE
   Ostermann, A
   Kovalevsky, AY
   McKenna, R
   Fisher, SZ
AF Michalczyk, Ryszard
   Unkefer, Clifford J.
   Bacik, John-Paul
   Schrader, Tobias E.
   Ostermann, Andreas
   Kovalevsky, Andrey Y.
   McKenna, Robert
   Fisher, Suzanne Zoe
TI Joint neutron crystallographic and NMR solution studies of Tyr residue
   ionization and hydrogen bonding: Implications for enzyme-mediated proton
   transfer
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
DE proton transfer; neutron crystallography; perturbed pKa; solution NMR
ID CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE-II; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ACTIVE-SITE;
   CATALYTIC MECHANISM; IONIZABLE GROUPS; PK VALUES; PROTEINS; WATER; C-13;
   HISTIDINE-64
AB Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) uses a Zn-bound OH-/H2O mechanism to catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2. This catalysis also involves a separate proton transfer step, mediated by an ordered solvent network coordinated by hydrophilic residues. One of these residues, Tyr7, was previously shown to be deprotonated in the neutron crystal structure at pH 10. This observation indicated that Tyr7 has a perturbed pK(a) compared with free tyrosine. To further probe the pK(a) of this residue, NMR spectroscopic measurements of [C-13] Tyr-labeled holo HCA II (with active-site Zn present) were preformed to titrate all Tyr residues between pH 5.4-11.0. In addition, neutron studies of apo HCA II (with Zn removed from the active site) at pH 7.5 and holo HCA II at pH 6 were conducted. This detailed interrogation of tyrosines in HCA II by NMR and neutron crystallography revealed a significantly lowered pK(a) of Tyr7 and how pH and Tyr proximity to Zn affect hydrogen-bonding interactions.
C1 [Michalczyk, Ryszard; Unkefer, Clifford J.; Bacik, John-Paul; Fisher, Suzanne Zoe] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Schrader, Tobias E.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
   [Ostermann, Andreas] Tech Univ Munich, Heinz Maier Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Kovalevsky, Andrey Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [McKenna, Robert] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA.
RP Fisher, SZ (reprint author), European Spallat Source, Sci Directorate, Sci Act Div, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
EM zoe.fisher@esss.se
OI Kovalevsky, Andrey/0000-0003-4459-9142; Michalczyk,
   Ryszard/0000-0001-8839-6473
FU Protein Crystallography Station from the Department of Energy Office of
   Biological and Environmental Research; LANL [20110535ER]
FX We thank Pete Silks for providing the labeled Tyr used in some of the
   labeling experiments and Esko Oksanen for useful discussions. R.M. and
   S.Z.F. thank Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Principal Associate
   Directorate for Science, Technology, and Engineering for investing in
   key equipment that enabled many of the measurements reported here. We
   also thank Dr. Virginia A. Unkefer for help with editing the manuscript.
   S.Z.F., J.-P.B., and C.J.U. were partially funded through the Protein
   Crystallography Station from the Department of Energy Office of
   Biological and Environmental Research. S.Z.F. and R.M. were also funded
   through LANL Early Career Grant 20110535ER.
NR 31
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 21
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 112
IS 18
BP 5673
EP 5678
DI 10.1073/pnas.1502255112
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH3TS
UT WOS:000353953800049
PM 25902526
ER

PT J
AU Kofinger, J
   Ragusa, MJ
   Lee, IH
   Hummer, G
   Hurley, JH
AF Koefinger, Juergen
   Ragusa, Michael J.
   Lee, Il-Hyung
   Hummer, Gerhard
   Hurley, James H.
TI Solution Structure of the Atg1 Complex: Implications for the
   Architecture of the Phagophore Assembly Site
SO STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID PRE-AUTOPHAGOSOMAL STRUCTURE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CELLULAR SELF-DIGESTION;
   KINASE COMPLEX; EARLY STEPS; BIOGENESIS; PROTEINS; ORGANIZATION;
   MEMBRANE; DISEASE
AB The biogenesis of autophagosomes commences at the phagophore assembly site (PAS), a protein-vesicle ultrastructure that is organized by the Atg1 complex. The Atg1 complex consists of the Atg1 protein kinase, the intrinsically disordered region-rich Atg13, and the dimeric double crescent-shaped Atg17-Atg31-Atg29 subcomplex. We show that the PAS contains a relatively uniform similar to 28 copies of Atg17, and upon autophagy induction, similar numbers of Atg1 and Atg13 molecules. We then apply ensemble refinement of small-angle X-ray scattering to determine the solution structures of the Atg1-Atg13 and Atg17-Atg31-Atg29 subcomplexes and the Atg1 complex, using a trimmed minipentamer tractable to biophysical studies. We observe tetramers of Atg1 pentamers that assemble via Atg17-Atg31-Atg29. This leads to a model for the higher organization of the Atg1 complex in PAS scaffolding.
C1 [Koefinger, Juergen; Hummer, Gerhard] Max Planck Inst Biophys, Dept Theoret Biophys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
   [Ragusa, Michael J.; Lee, Il-Hyung; Hurley, James H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Hurley, James H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Kofinger, J (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biophys, Dept Theoret Biophys, Max Von Laue Str 3, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
EM jimhurley@berkeley.edu; juergen.koefinger@biophys.mpg.de
RI Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013
OI Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X
FU NIH [GM111730, GM105404]; Ruth Kirschtein NRSA Fellowship [GM099319];
   Max Planck Society; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research
FX We thank Greg Hura for help with SAXS data collection and interpretation
   and Jason Brickner and Will Prinz for yeast strains. This work was
   supported by the NIH GM111730 (J.H.H), Ruth Kirschtein NRSA Fellowship
   GM099319 (M.J.R.), and the Max Planck Society (J.K., G.H.). This work
   was conducted in part at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), a national
   user facility operated by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory on
   behalf of the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   through the Integrated Diffraction Analysis Technologies (IDAT) program,
   supported by DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and NIH
   grant GM105404.
NR 37
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 14
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0969-2126
EI 1878-4186
J9 STRUCTURE
JI Structure
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 23
IS 5
BP 809
EP 818
DI 10.1016/j.str.2015.02.012
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA CH4TD
UT WOS:000354024900005
PM 25817386
ER

PT J
AU Banerjee, A
   Tsai, CL
   Chaudhury, P
   Tripp, P
   Arvai, AS
   Ishida, JP
   Tainer, JA
   Albers, SV
AF Banerjee, Ankan
   Tsai, Chi-Lin
   Chaudhury, Paushali
   Tripp, Patrick
   Arvai, Andrew S.
   Ishida, Justin P.
   Tainer, John A.
   Albers, Sonja-Verena
TI FlaF Is a beta-Sandwich Protein that Anchors the Archaellum in the
   Archaeal Cell Envelope by Binding the S-Layer Protein
SO STRUCTURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFOLOBUS-ACIDOCALDARIUS; IV PILUS; FLAGELLAR MOTOR; X-RAY; MOTILITY
   STRUCTURE; SIGNAL PEPTIDES; INSIGHTS; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM; PILIN
AB Archaea employ the archaellum, a type IV pilus-like nanomachine, for swimming motility. In the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, the archaellum consists of seven proteins: FlaB/X/G/F/H/I/J. FlaF is conserved and essential for archaellum assembly but no FlaF structures exist. Here, we truncated the FlaF N terminus and solved 1.5-angstrom and 1.65-angstrom resolution crystal structures of this monotopic membrane protein. Structures revealed an N-terminal alpha-helix and an eight-strand beta-sandwich, immunoglobulin-like fold with striking similarity to S-layer proteins. Crystal structures, X-ray scattering, and mutational analyses suggest dimer assembly is needed for in vivo function. The sole cell envelope component of S. acidocaldarius is a paracrystalline S-layer, and FlaF specifically bound to S-layer protein, suggesting that its interaction domain is located in the pseudoperiplasm with its N-terminal helix in the membrane. From these data, FlaF may act as the previously unknown archaellum stator protein that anchors the rotating archaellum to the archaeal cell envelope.
C1 [Banerjee, Ankan; Chaudhury, Paushali; Tripp, Patrick; Albers, Sonja-Verena] Max Planck Inst Terr Microbiol, Mol Biol Archaea, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
   [Tsai, Chi-Lin; Ishida, Justin P.; Tainer, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Arvai, Andrew S.; Tainer, John A.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol & Cellular Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   [Chaudhury, Paushali; Tripp, Patrick; Albers, Sonja-Verena] Univ Freiburg, Inst Biol, Mol Biol Archaea, D-79211 Freiburg, Germany.
RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jatainer@lbl.gov; sonja.albers@biologie.uni-freiburg.de
RI Banerjee, Ankan/A-5520-2016; 
OI Banerjee, Ankan/0000-0002-1791-252X; Tsai, Chi-Lin/0000-0002-0365-2405
FU Max Planck Society; ERC [311523]; NIH [AI22160, GM105404]; United States
   Department of Energy
FX A.B., P.T., P.C., and S.V.A. were supported by intramural funds from the
   Max Planck Society and an ERC starting grant, ARCHAELLUM (no. 311523).
   We thank the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Advanced Light Source
   and SIBYLS beamline staff, Scott Classen and Greg Hura, at 12.3.1 for
   assistance. This study was supported in part by NIH grant AI22160 to
   J.A.T. The SIBYLS beamline (BL12.3.1) is supported by the United States
   Department of Energy program (IDAT) and by NIH MINOS grant GM105404.
NR 67
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 6
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 0969-2126
EI 1878-4186
J9 STRUCTURE
JI Structure
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 23
IS 5
BP 863
EP 872
DI 10.1016/j.str.2015.03.001
PG 10
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology
GA CH4TD
UT WOS:000354024900010
PM 25865246
ER

PT J
AU Degrande, C
   Fuks, B
   Hirschi, V
   Proudom, J
   Shao, HS
AF Degrande, Celine
   Fuks, Benjamin
   Hirschi, Valentin
   Proudom, Josselin
   Shao, Hua-Sheng
TI Automated next-to-leading order predictions for new physics at the LHC:
   The case of colored scalar pair production
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERSYMMETRY; PHENOMENOLOGY; AMPLITUDES; LEVEL
AB We present for the first time the full automation of collider predictions matched with parton showers at the next-to-leading accuracy in QCD within nontrivial extensions of the standard model. The sole inputs required from the user are the model Lagrangian and the process of interest. As an application of the above, we explore scenarios beyond the standard model where new colored scalar particles can be pair produced in hadron collisions. Using simplified models to describe the new field interactions with the standard model, we present precision predictions for the LHC within the MADGRAPH5_aMC@NLO framework.
C1 [Degrande, Celine] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Fuks, Benjamin; Shao, Hua-Sheng] CERN, PH TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
   [Fuks, Benjamin] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS IN2P3, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Dept Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France.
   [Hirschi, Valentin] Natl Accelerator Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Proudom, Josselin] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, F-38026 Grenoble, France.
RP Degrande, C (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
OI Fuks, Benjamin/0000-0002-0041-0566
FU ERC [291377]; Research Executive Agency of the European Union
   [PITN-GA-2012-315877]; Theory-LHC-France initiative of the CNRS/IN2P3;
   SNF [PBELP2 146525]; Investissements d'avenir, Labex ENIGMASS
FX We are extremely grateful to D. Goncalves-Netto, D. Lopez-Val and K.
   Mawatari for their help with MADGOLEM. We also thank R. Frederix, S.
   Frixione, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer, P. Torrielli and M. Zaro for
   enlightening discussions. This work has been supported in part by the
   ERC Grant No. 291377 LHCtheory: Theoretical predictions and analyses of
   LHC physics: advancing the precision frontier, the Research Executive
   Agency of the European Union under Grant Agreement No.
   PITN-GA-2012-315877 (MCNet) and the Theory-LHC-France initiative of the
   CNRS/IN2P3. C.D. is a Durham International Junior Research Fellow, the
   work of V.H. is supported by the SNF with Grant No. PBELP2 146525 and
   the one of J.P. by a PhD grant of the Investissements d'avenir, Labex
   ENIGMASS.
NR 26
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2470-0010
EI 2470-0029
J9 PHYS REV D
JI Phys. Rev. D
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 9
AR 094005
DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.094005
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CH2UW
UT WOS:000353881200006
ER

PT J
AU Francis, A
   Kaczmarek, O
   Laine, M
   Neuhaus, T
   Ohno, H
AF Francis, A.
   Kaczmarek, O.
   Laine, M.
   Neuhaus, T.
   Ohno, H.
TI Critical point and scale setting in SU(3) plasma: An update
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D
LA English
DT Article
ID QUENCHED LATTICE QCD; STRING TENSION; THERMODYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR
AB We explore a method developed in statistical physics which has been argued to have exponentially small finite-volume effects, in order to determine the critical temperature T-c of pure SU(3) gauge theory close to the continuum limit. The method allows us to estimate the critical coupling beta(c) of the Wilson action for temporal extents up to N-tau similar to 20 with less than or similar to 0.1% uncertainties. Making use of the scale setting parameters r(0) and root t(0) in the same range of beta-values, these results lead to the independent continuum extrapolations T(c)r(0) = 0.7457(45) and T-c root t(0) = 0.2489(14), with the latter originating from a more convincing fit. Inserting a conversion of r(0) from literature (unfortunately with much larger errors) yields T-c/Lambda(MS) over bar = 1.24(10).
C1 [Francis, A.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
   [Kaczmarek, O.] Univ Bielefeld, Fac Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
   [Laine, M.] Univ Bern, Albert Einstein Ctr, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
   [Neuhaus, T.] Inst Adv Simulat, Julich Supercomputing Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
   [Ohno, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Ctr Computat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan.
   [Ohno, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Francis, A (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
OI Laine, Mikko/0000-0002-2680-4213
FU DFG [GRK881]; SNF [200020-155935]; European Union [283286, 238353];
   JARA-HPC resources at the RWTH Aachen [JARA0039, JARA0108]
FX We thank M. Muller for collaboration at initial stages of this project.
   Our work has been supported in part by the DFG under Grant No. GRK881,
   by the SNF under Grant No. 200020-155935, and by the European Union
   through HadronPhysics3 (Grant No. 283286) and ITN STRONGnet (Grant No.
   238353). Simulations were performed using JARA-HPC resources at the RWTH
   Aachen (projects JARA0039 and JARA0108), JUDGE/JUROPA at the JSC Julich,
   the OCuLUS Cluster at the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing, and
   the Bielefeld GPU cluster.
NR 36
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1550-7998
EI 1550-2368
J9 PHYS REV D
JI Phys. Rev. D
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 9
AR 096002
DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.096002
PG 7
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CH2UW
UT WOS:000353881200013
ER

PT J
AU Levin, EM
   Hanus, R
   Cui, J
   Xing, Q
   Riedemann, T
   Lograsso, TA
   Schmidt-Rohr, K
AF Levin, E. M.
   Hanus, R.
   Cui, J.
   Xing, Q.
   Riedemann, T.
   Lograsso, T. A.
   Schmidt-Rohr, K.
TI Phase analysis and determination of local charge carrier concentration
   in eutectic Mg2Si-Si alloysdy
SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Crystal structure; Electron microscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance;
   Thermoelectric effect; Thermal properties
ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SILICON; MG2GE
AB Multiphase materials attract attention due to possible combination of various properties attributed to each phase. The phase diagram of Mg-Si system shows that solidification of a melt containing about 45 and 55 at.% of Mg and Si should result in formation of Mg2Si and Si. Two alloys, Mg45Si55 and Mg46Si54 + 0.5 wt.%.Cu have been synthesized and studied using XRD, SEM, and Si-29 NMR at 300 K, and the Seebeck effect, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity in the temperature range of 300-750 K have been measured. Si-29 NMR detects two distinct signals, at -177 and -80 ppm, in both materials, which are assigned to Mg2Si and Si phases, respectively. Both phases are slightly nonstoichiometric and doped with Mg. Two phases also are found by XRD and electron microscopy. Si-29 NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements in Mg2Si and Si phases show at least two components, short and long, which can be attributed to different local carrier concentrations, high and low, respectively, reflecting a local electronic inhomogeneity in each phase. The carrier concentrations range between 0.6 x 10(19) and 9 x 10(19) cm(-3). The Seebeck coefficient in both alloys is mostly determined by the Si phase, while the thermal conductivity is limited by the Mg2Si phase with a lower value than that of the Si phase. By utilizing all characterization tools, we show how various experimental methods can be used as complementary methods to better understand the individual and combined properties of multiphase alloys. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Levin, E. M.; Hanus, R.; Cui, J.; Xing, Q.; Riedemann, T.; Lograsso, T. A.; Schmidt-Rohr, K.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Levin, E. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Cui, J.; Schmidt-Rohr, K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Lograsso, T. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Levin, EM (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM levin@iastate.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
   Materials Sciences and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering.
   The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory, which is operated for
   the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No
   DE-AC02-07CH11358.
NR 31
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 30
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0254-0584
EI 1879-3312
J9 MATER CHEM PHYS
JI Mater. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 158
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.03.017
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA CH0UA
UT WOS:000353736700001
ER

PT J
AU Ivanov, SA
   Tellgren, R
   Porcher, F
   Andre, G
   Ericsson, T
   Nordblad, P
   Sadovskaya, N
   Kaleva, G
   Politova, E
   Baldini, M
   Sun, C
   Arvanitis, D
   Kumar, PA
   Mathieu, R
AF Ivanov, S. A.
   Tellgren, R.
   Porcher, F.
   Andre, G.
   Ericsson, T.
   Nordblad, P.
   Sadovskaya, N.
   Kaleva, G.
   Politova, E.
   Baldini, M.
   Sun, C.
   Arvanitis, D.
   Kumar, P. Anil
   Mathieu, R.
TI Structural and magnetic properties of nickel antimony ferrospinels
SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Oxides; Neutron scattering and diffraction; Crystal structure; Magnetic
   properties
ID HYPERFINE PARAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; OXIDIC SPINEL FERRITES;
   MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; CATION DISTRIBUTIONS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; SB-121
   MOSSBAUER; METAL OXIDES; FILIPSTADITE; ARRANGEMENT; LANGBAN
AB Spinel-type compounds of Fe-Ni-Sb-O system were synthesized as polycrystalline powders. The crystal and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, Mossbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. The samples crystallize in the cubic system, space group Fd - 3 m. The distribution of cations between octahedral and tetrahedral sites was refined from the diffraction data sets using constraints imposed by the magnetic, Mossbauer and EDS results and the ionic radii. The cation distribution and the temperature dependence of the lattice parameter (a) and the oxygen positional parameter (u) were obtained. A chemical formula close to Fe0.8Ni1.8Sb0.4O4 was determined, with Sb5+ cations occupying octahedral sites, and Fe3+ and Ni2+ occupying both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Fe3+ mainly (85/15 ratio) occupy tetrahedral sites, and conversely Ni2+ mainly reside on octahedral ones.
   The magnetic unit cell is the same as the crystallographic one, having identical symmetry relations. The results indicate that the compounds have a collinear ferrimagnetic structure with antiferromagnetic coupling between the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. Uniquely, the temperature dependence of the net magnetization of this rare earth free ferrimagnet exhibits a compensation point. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ivanov, S. A.; Sadovskaya, N.; Kaleva, G.; Politova, E.] Karpov Inst Phys Chem, Ctr Mat Sci, Moscow 105064, Russia.
   [Ivanov, S. A.; Nordblad, P.; Kumar, P. Anil; Mathieu, R.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Engn Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
   [Tellgren, R.; Ericsson, T.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Chem, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
   [Porcher, F.; Andre, G.] Lab L Brillouin Spectrometrie Neutr, Saclay, France.
   [Baldini, M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, HPSynC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Sun, C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Arvanitis, D.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
RP Mathieu, R (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Box 534, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
EM roland.mathieu@angstrom.uu.se
RI Puri, Anil Kumar/E-9596-2010; 
OI Mathieu, Roland/0000-0002-5261-2047
FU Swedish Research Council (VR); Goran Gustafsson Foundation; Swedish
   Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher
   Education (STINT); Russian Foundation for Basic Research; US Department
   of Energy Basic Energy Sciences; Canadian Light Source; University of
   Washington; Advanced Photon Source; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Goran Gustafsson
   Foundation, the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in
   Research and Higher Education (STINT), and the Russian Foundation for
   Basic Research for financial support. PNC/XSD facilities at the Advanced
   Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US
   Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, the Canadian Light Source
   and its funding partners, the University of Washington, and the Advanced
   Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science
   User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of
   Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE
   under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0254-0584
EI 1879-3312
J9 MATER CHEM PHYS
JI Mater. Chem. Phys.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 158
BP 127
EP 137
DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2015.03.051
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA CH0UA
UT WOS:000353736700017
ER

PT J
AU Casandruc, E
   Nicoletti, D
   Rajasekaran, S
   Laplace, Y
   Khanna, V
   Gu, GD
   Hill, JP
   Cavalleri, A
AF Casandruc, E.
   Nicoletti, D.
   Rajasekaran, S.
   Laplace, Y.
   Khanna, V.
   Gu, G. D.
   Hill, J. P.
   Cavalleri, A.
TI Wavelength-dependent optical enhancement of superconducting interlayer
   coupling in La1.885Ba0.115CuO4
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID CHARGE FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTOR;
   QUASI-PARTICLES; ORDER; PSEUDOGAP
AB We analyze the pump wavelength dependence for the photoinduced enhancement of interlayer coupling in La1.885Ba0.115CuO4, which is promoted by optical melting of the stripe order. In the equilibrium superconducting state (T < T-C = 13 K) in which stripes and superconductivity coexist, time-domain terahertz spectroscopy reveals a photoinduced blueshift of the Josephson plasma resonance after excitation with optical pulses polarized perpendicular to the CuO2 planes. In the striped nonsuperconducting state (T-C < T < T-SO similar or equal to 40 K) a transient plasma resonance similar to that seen below T-C appears from a featureless equilibrium reflectivity. Most strikingly, both these effects become stronger upon tuning of the pump wavelength from the midinfrared to the visible, underscoring an unconventional competition between stripe order and superconductivity, which occurs on energy scales far above the ordering temperature.
C1 [Casandruc, E.; Nicoletti, D.; Rajasekaran, S.; Laplace, Y.; Khanna, V.; Cavalleri, A.] Max Planck Inst Struct & Dynam Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
   [Casandruc, E.; Nicoletti, D.; Rajasekaran, S.; Laplace, Y.; Khanna, V.; Cavalleri, A.] Ctr Free Electron Laser Sci, Hamburg, Germany.
   [Khanna, V.; Cavalleri, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
   [Khanna, V.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot, Oxon, England.
   [Gu, G. D.; Hill, J. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Casandruc, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Struct & Dynam Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
EM eliza.casandruc@mpsd.mpg.de; daniele.nicoletti@mpsd.mpg.de;
   andrea.cavalleri@mpsd.mpg.de
FU European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework
   Programme (FP7)/ERC Grant [319286]; German Research Foundation [DFG-SFB
   925]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences
   and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC00112704]
FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the
   European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework
   Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 319286 (Q-MAC) and
   from the German Research Foundation (Grant No. DFG-SFB 925). Work at
   Brookhaven was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of
   Energy under Contract No. DE-SC00112704.
NR 28
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 11
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 17
AR 174502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.174502
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA CH2TQ
UT WOS:000353878000002
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, Y
   Wang, CZ
   Mendelev, MI
   Zhang, F
   Kramer, MJ
   Ho, KM
AF Zhang, Y.
   Wang, C. Z.
   Mendelev, M. I.
   Zhang, F.
   Kramer, M. J.
   Ho, K. M.
TI Diffusion in a Cu-Zr metallic glass studied by microsecond-scale
   molecular dynamics simulations
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ALLOYS; LIQUID; SYSTEM
AB Icosahedral short-range order (ISRO) has been widely accepted to be dominant in Cu-Zr metallic glasses (MGs). However, the diffusion mechanism and correlation of ISRO and medium-range order (MRO) to diffusion in MGs remain largely unexplored. Here, we perform a long time annealing up to 1.8 mu s in molecular dynamics simulations to study the diffusion mechanism and the relationship between atomic structures and the diffusion path in a Cu64.5Zr35.5 MG. It is found that most of the diffusing events performed by the diffusing atoms are outside ISRO and the Bergman-type MRO. The long-range diffusion in MGs is highly heterogeneous, via collective diffusing events through the liquidlike channels in the glass. Our results clearly demonstrate a strong correlation between the atomic structures and transport in MGs.
C1 [Zhang, Y.; Wang, C. Z.; Mendelev, M. I.; Zhang, F.; Kramer, M. J.; Ho, K. M.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Wang, C. Z.; Ho, K. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM wangcz@ameslab.gov
FU U.S. DOE by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]
FX The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory, which is operated for
   the U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-07CH11358. The computer time support came from National Energy
   Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) in Berkeley, CA.
NR 37
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 6
U2 53
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 18
AR 180201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.180201
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA CH2TS
UT WOS:000353878200001
ER

PT J
AU Rees, JM
   Paul, ES
   Simpson, J
   Riley, MA
   Ayangeakaa, AD
   Carpenter, MP
   Chiara, CJ
   Garg, U
   Hampson, P
   Hartley, DJ
   Hoffman, CR
   Janssens, RVF
   Kondev, FG
   Lauritsen, T
   Mason, PJR
   Matta, J
   Miller, SL
   Nolan, PJ
   Ollier, J
   Petri, M
   Radford, DC
   Revill, JP
   Wang, X
   Zhu, S
   Gellanki, J
   Ragnarsson, I
AF Rees, J. M.
   Paul, E. S.
   Simpson, J.
   Riley, M. A.
   Ayangeakaa, A. D.
   Carpenter, M. P.
   Chiara, C. J.
   Garg, U.
   Hampson, P.
   Hartley, D. J.
   Hoffman, C. R.
   Janssens, R. V. F.
   Kondev, F. G.
   Lauritsen, T.
   Mason, P. J. R.
   Matta, J.
   Miller, S. L.
   Nolan, P. J.
   Ollier, J.
   Petri, M.
   Radford, D. C.
   Revill, J. P.
   Wang, X.
   Zhu, S.
   Gellanki, J.
   Ragnarsson, I.
TI High-spin terminating states in the N=88 Ho-155 and Er-156 isotones
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C
LA English
DT Article
ID BAND TERMINATION; ROTATIONAL BANDS; NUCLEI; SIGNATURE; MOMENTS;
   SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATIONS; ENERGIES; YB-158; M1
AB The Sn-124(Cl-37, 6n gamma) fusion-evaporation reaction at a bombarding energy of 180 MeV has been used to significantly extend the excitation level scheme of Ho-155(67)88. The collective rotational behavior of this nucleus breaks down above spin I similar to 30 and a fully aligned noncollective (band terminating) state has been identified at I-pi = 79/2(-). Comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations also provides evidence for core-excited noncollective states at I-pi = 87/2(-) and (89/2(+)) involving particle-hole excitations across the Z = 64 shell gap. A similar core-excited state in Er-156(68)88 at I-pi = (46(+)) is also presented.
C1 [Rees, J. M.; Paul, E. S.; Hampson, P.; Nolan, P. J.; Revill, J. P.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England.
   [Simpson, J.; Mason, P. J. R.; Ollier, J.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England.
   [Riley, M. A.; Miller, S. L.; Wang, X.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Garg, U.; Matta, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
   [Carpenter, M. P.; Chiara, C. J.; Hoffman, C. R.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Hartley, D. J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA.
   [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Petri, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Radford, D. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Gellanki, J.; Ragnarsson, I.] Lund Univ, LTH, Div Math Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
RP Rees, JM (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England.
EM esp@ns.ph.liv.ac.uk
RI Ayangeakaa, Akaa/F-3683-2015; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Hoffman,
   Calem/H-4325-2016; Petri, Marina/H-4630-2016
OI Ayangeakaa, Akaa/0000-0003-1679-3175; Carpenter,
   Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Hoffman, Calem/0000-0001-7141-9827; Petri,
   Marina/0000-0002-3740-6106
FU United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council
   [DE-FG02-94ER40834, DE-FG02-96ER40983, DE-AC02-06CH11357,
   DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [PHY-756474,
   PHY-1203100, PHY-0754674]; Swedish Research Council; State of Florida
FX This material is based upon work supported by the United Kingdom Science
   and Technology Facilities Council in addition to the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Awards No.
   DE-FG02-94ER40834 (UMD) and No. DE-FG02-96ER40983 (UTK), and under
   Contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL) and No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBL),
   and by the National Science Foundation under Contracts No. PHY-756474
   (FSU), No. PHY-1203100 (USNA), and No. PHY-0754674 (UND). This research
   used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science
   User Facility. Support was also provided by the Swedish Research Council
   and the State of Florida. The authors acknowledge the ATLAS operations
   staff for the beam support and John Greene (ATLAS) and Paul Morrall
   (STFC Daresbury) for preparing the targets.
NR 49
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0556-2813
EI 1089-490X
J9 PHYS REV C
JI Phys. Rev. C
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 5
AR 054301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.91.054301
PG 17
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA CH2UP
UT WOS:000353880500001
ER

PT J
AU Buckley, MR
   Charles, E
   Gaskins, JM
   Brooks, AM
   Drlica-Wagner, A
   Martin, P
   Zhao, G
AF Buckley, Matthew R.
   Charles, Eric
   Gaskins, Jennifer M.
   Brooks, Alyson M.
   Drlica-Wagner, Alex
   Martin, Pierrick
   Zhao, Geng
TI Search for gamma-ray emission from dark matter annihilation in the large
   magellanic cloud with the fermi large area telescope
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D
LA English
DT Article
ID GALACTIC-CENTER; NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; STAR-FORMATION; CROSS-SECTION;
   MILKY-WAY; GALAXIES; CONSTRAINTS; CALIBRATION; KINEMATICS; MODELS
AB At a distance of 50 kpc and with a dark matter mass of similar to 10(10) M-circle dot, the large magellanic cloud (LMC) is a natural target for indirect dark matter searches. We use five years of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and updated models of the gamma-ray emission from standard astrophysical components to search for a dark matter annihilation signal from the LMC. We perform a rotation curve analysis to determine the dark matter distribution, setting a robust minimum on the amount of dark matter in the LMC, which we use to set conservative bounds on the annihilation cross section. The LMC emission is generally very well described by the standard astrophysical sources, with at most a 1-2 sigma excess identified near the kinematic center of the LMC once systematic uncertainties are taken into account. We place competitive bounds on the dark matter annihilation cross section as a function of dark matter particle mass and annihilation channel.
C1 [Buckley, Matthew R.; Brooks, Alyson M.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Charles, Eric; Zhao, Geng] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Charles, Eric; Zhao, Geng] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Gaskins, Jennifer M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Gaskins, Jennifer M.] Univ Amsterdam, GRAPPA, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   [Drlica-Wagner, Alex] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   [Martin, Pierrick] UPS CNRS, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, UMR5277, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France.
RP Buckley, MR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
OI Buckley, Matthew/0000-0003-1109-3460
FU Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy; Centre National d'Etudes
   Spatiales in France
FX The Fermi LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a
   number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the
   development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data
   analysis. These include the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration and the Department of Energy in the United States, the
   Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la
   Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de
   Physique des Particules in France, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the
   Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in Italy, the Ministry of
   Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy
   Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Aerospace Exploration
   Agency (JAXA) in Japan, and the K.A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish
   Research Council and the Swedish National Space Board in Sweden.
   Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase is
   gratefully acknowledged from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in
   Italy and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales in France. We thank
   Knut Olsen for his help in analyzing the LMC H I rotational velocity
   data and Charles Keeton for his help in the calculation of the magnitude
   of the gravitational lensing caused by the LMC. Finally, we thank Johann
   Cohen-Tanugi, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Rouven Essig and Neelima Sehgal for
   help with quantifying the effects of electroweak corrections to the dark
   matter spectra.
NR 118
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2470-0010
EI 2470-0029
J9 PHYS REV D
JI Phys. Rev. D
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 10
AR 102001
DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.102001
PG 29
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CH2VB
UT WOS:000353881700001
ER

PT J
AU Wu, SM
   Pearson, JE
   Bhattacharya, A
AF Wu, Stephen M.
   Pearson, John E.
   Bhattacharya, Anand
TI Paramagnetic Spin Seebeck Effect
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GADOLINIUM GALLIUM GARNET; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; FRUSTRATED MAGNET; WAVES;
   FLUCTUATIONS; GD3GA5O12
AB We report the observation of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in paramagnetic insulators. By using a microscale on-chip local heater, we generate a large thermal gradient confined to the chip surface without a large increase in the total sample temperature. Using this technique at low temperatures (< 20 K), we resolve the paramagnetic spin Seebeck effect in the insulating paramagnets Gd3Ga5O12 (gadolinium gallium garnet) and DyScO3 (DSO), using either W or Pt as the spin detector layer. By taking advantage of the strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy of DSO, we eliminate contributions from the Nernst effect in W or Pt, which produces a phenomenologically similar signal.
C1 [Wu, Stephen M.; Pearson, John E.; Bhattacharya, Anand] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Wu, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM swu@anl.gov
RI Bhattacharya, Anand/G-1645-2011
OI Bhattacharya, Anand/0000-0002-6839-6860
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy
   Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. DOE,
   BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX All authors acknowledge support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
   Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division. The use of facilities at the Center for Nanoscale
   Materials was supported by the U.S. DOE, BES under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 41
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 3
U2 50
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 114
IS 18
AR 186602
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.186602
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CH2WF
UT WOS:000353884900005
PM 26001014
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, X
   Zhang, L
   Tong, HM
   Peng, B
   Rames, MJ
   Zhang, SL
   Ren, G
AF Zhang, Xing
   Zhang, Lei
   Tong, Huimin
   Peng, Bo
   Rames, Matthew J.
   Zhang, Shengli
   Ren, Gang
TI 3D Structural Fluctuation of IgG1 Antibody Revealed by Individual
   Particle Electron Tomography
SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID NEGATIVE-STAINING PROTOCOL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G MOLECULES; 3-DIMENSIONAL
   RECONSTRUCTION; MICROSCOPE TOMOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY;
   ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CRYO-EM; X-RAY; CRYOMICROSCOPY
AB Commonly used methods for determining protein structure, including X-ray crystallography and single-particle reconstruction, often provide a single and unique three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, in these methods, the protein dynamics and flexibility/fluctuation remain mostly unknown. Here, we utilized advances in electron tomography (ET) to study the antibody flexibility and fluctuation through structural determination of individual antibody particles rather than averaging multiple antibody particles together. Through individual-particle electron tomography (IPET) 3D reconstruction from negatively-stained ET images, we obtained 120 ab-initio 3D density maps at an intermediate resolution (similar to 1-3 nm) from 120 individual IgG1 antibody particles. Using these maps as a constraint, we derived 120 conformations of the antibody via structural flexible docking of the crystal structure to these maps by targeted molecular dynamics simulations. Statistical analysis of the various conformations disclosed the antibody 3D conformational flexibility through the distribution of its domain distances and orientations. This blueprint approach, if extended to other flexible proteins, may serve as a useful methodology towards understanding protein dynamics and functions.
C1 [Zhang, Xing; Zhang, Lei; Tong, Huimin; Peng, Bo; Rames, Matthew J.; Ren, Gang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Zhang, Xing; Zhang, Shengli] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
RP Ren, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM gren@lbl.gov
RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Zhang, Lei/G-6427-2012
OI Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-4880-824X
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIH [R01 HL115153, R01
   GM104427]
FX We thank Drs. Allan Kaspar, Gary Woodnutt for providing antibody
   samples, Kevin Dyer and Petrus Zwart for discussion, and Amy Ren for
   editing. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of
   Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The technique developments
   were supported by NIH grants (R01 HL115153 and R01 GM104427)
NR 61
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 24
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2045-2322
J9 SCI REP-UK
JI Sci Rep
PD MAY 5
PY 2015
VL 5
AR 09803
DI 10.1038/srep09803
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH3CO
UT WOS:000353904300001
PM 25940394
ER

PT J
AU Coblentz, D
   Pabian, F
AF Coblentz, David
   Pabian, Frank
TI Revised Geologic Site Characterization of the North Korean Test Site at
   Punggye-ri
SO SCIENCE & GLOBAL SECURITY
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVANCED SEISMIC ANALYSES; RADAR IMAGERY; NUCLEAR TESTS
AB An evaluation of terrain characteristics provides a way to make geologic interpretations for denied-access sites. This contribution illustrates the utility of this approach by developing a revised geologic map of the North Korean test site through reconnaissance-based geomorphometrics (defined as the science of quantitative land surface analysis) and geospatial investigation. This study provides a way to quantify the geologic differences at the test site and suggests that geologic factors contributed to the prompt release of detected radionuclides associated with the 2006 nuclear test event compared to the 2009 and 2013 events. This method is relevant for test monitoring by providing: 1) A better understanding of host rock integrity and geologic coupling characteristics; 2) A means to facilitate a more accurate determination of explosive yields; 3) A better understanding of event containment and the likelihood of venting, and 4) An enhanced understanding of potential radionuclide transport mechanisms that might assist in future monitoring and verification of clandestine tests.
C1 [Coblentz, David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Solid Earth Geophys Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Pabian, Frank] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence Anal & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Coblentz, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Solid Earth Geophys EES 17, POB 1663,Mailstop F665, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM coblentz@lanl.gov
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND
SN 0892-9882
EI 1547-7800
J9 SCI GLOB SECUR
JI Sci. Glob. Secur.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 23
IS 2
BP 101
EP 120
DI 10.1080/08929882.2015.1039343
PG 20
WC International Relations
SC International Relations
GA DB9BZ
UT WOS:000368812300003
ER

PT J
AU Bertolini, D
   Thaler, J
   Walsh, JR
AF Bertolini, Daniele
   Thaler, Jesse
   Walsh, Jonathan R.
TI The first calculation of fractional jets
SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE QCD Phenomenology; Jets
ID TO-LEADING ORDER; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; GLUON
   BREMSSTRAHLUNG; E+E-ANNIHILATION; E&E-ANNIHILATION; MATRIX-ELEMENTS;
   PARTON SHOWERS; HIGH-ENERGIES; EVENT SHAPES
AB In collider physics, jet algorithms are a ubiquitous tool for clustering particles into discrete jet objects. Event shapes offer an alternative way to characterize jets, and one can define a jet multiplicity event shape, which can take on fractional values, using the framework of "jets without jets". In this paper, we perform the first analytic studies of fractional jet multiplicity (N) over tilde (jet) in the context of e(+)e(-) collisions. We use fixed-order QCD to understand the (N) over tilde (jet) cross section at order alpha(2)(s), and we introduce a candidate factorization theorem to capture certain higher-order effects. The resulting distributions have a hybrid jet algorithm/event shape behavior which agrees with parton shower Monte Carlo generators. The (N) over tilde (jet) observable does not satisfy ordinary soft-collinear factorization, and the (N) over tilde (jet) cross section exhibits a number of unique features, including the absence of collinear logarithms and the presence of soft logarithms that are purely non-global. Additionally, we find novel divergences connected to the energy sharing between emissions, which are reminiscent of rapidity divergences encountered in other applications. Given these interesting properties of fractional jet multiplicity, we advocate for future measurements and calculations of (N) over tilde (jet) at hadron colliders like the LHC.
C1 [Bertolini, Daniele; Walsh, Jonathan R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bertolini, Daniele; Walsh, Jonathan R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Thaler, Jesse] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Bertolini, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM dbertolini@lbl.gov; jthaler@mit.edu; jwalsh@lbl.gov
OI Thaler, Jesse/0000-0002-2406-8160
FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of U.S. Department of
   Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Early Career research program
   [DE-FG02-11ER-41741]; Sloan Research Fellowship from Alfred P. Sloan
   Foundation; Office of Science of DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; 
   [DE-SC00012567]
FX We thank Andrew Larkoski for helpful discussions. D.B. and J.R.W. are
   supported by the Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of
   the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231, and J.T. is supported under grant Contract No.
   DE-SC00012567. J.T. is also supported by the DOE Early Career research
   program DE-FG02-11ER-41741 and by a Sloan Research Fellowship from the
   Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. This research used resources of the National
   Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the
   Office of Science of the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 95
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1029-8479
J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS
JI J. High Energy Phys.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 008
DI 10.1007/JHEP05(2015)008
PG 45
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA CL4TB
UT WOS:000356946400001
ER

PT J
AU Berg, JM
   Gaunt, AJ
   May, I
   Pugmire, AL
   Reilly, SD
   Scott, BL
   Wilkerson, MP
AF Berg, John M.
   Gaunt, Andrew J.
   May, Iain
   Pugmire, Alison L.
   Reilly, Sean D.
   Scott, Brian L.
   Wilkerson, Marianne P.
TI Unexpected Actinyl Cation-Directed Structural Variation in Neptunyl(VI)
   A-Type Tri-lacunary Heteropolyoxotungstate Complexes
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SANDWICH-TYPE COMPLEX; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION;
   ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ALKALINE-SOLUTION; POLYOXOMETALATE COMPLEX; URANYL
   COMPLEXES; IONS; COORDINATION; NEPTUNIUM; CHEMISTRY
AB A-type tri-lacunary heteropolyoxotungstate anions (e.g., [PW9O34](9-), [AsW9O34](9-), [SiW9O34](10-), and [GeW9O34](10-)) are multidentate oxygen donor ligands that readily form sandwich complexes with actinyl cations ({UO2}(2+), {NpO2}(+), {NpO2}(2+), and {PuO2}(2+)) in near-neutral/slightly alkaline aqueous solutions. Two or three actinyl cations are sandwiched between two tri-lacunary anions, with additional cations (Na+, K+, or NH4+) also often held within the cluster. Studies thus far have indicated that it is these additional +1 cations, rather than the specific actinyl cation, that direct the structural variation in the complexes formed. We now report the structural characterization of the neptunyl(VI) cluster complex (NH4)(13)[Na(NpO2)(2)(A-alpha-PW9O34)(2)] 12H(2)O. The anion in this complex, [Na(NpO2)(2)(PW9O34)(2)](13-), contains one Na+ cation and two {NpO2}(2+) cations held between two [PW9O34](9-) anions, with an additional partial occupancy NH4+ or {NpO2}(2+) cation also present. In the analogous uranium(VI) system, under similar reaction conditions that include an excess of NH4Cl in the parent solution, it was previously shown that [(NH4)(2)((UO2)-O-VI)(2)(A-PW9O34)(2)](12-) is the dominant species in both solution and the crystallized salt. Spectroscopic studies provide further proof of differences in the observed chemistry for the {NpO2}(2+)/[PW9O34](9-) and {UO2}(2+)/[PW9O34](9-) systems, both in solution and in solid state complexes crystallized from comparable salt solutions. This work reveals that varying the actinide element (Np vs U) can indeed measurably impact structure and complex stability in the cluster chemistry of actinyl(VI) cations with A-type tri-lacunary heteropolyoxotungstate anions.
C1 [Berg, John M.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; May, Iain; Pugmire, Alison L.; Reilly, Sean D.; Scott, Brian L.; Wilkerson, Marianne P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP May, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM iainmay@lanl.gov; alisonc@lanl.gov
RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; 
OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Berg, John/0000-0002-6533-3573; Gaunt,
   Andrew/0000-0001-9679-6020
FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Los Alamos National
   Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research program through a Seaborg
   Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences,
   Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S.
   Department of Energy, under the Heavy Element program. A.L.P. was also
   supported through the Los Alamos National Laboratory Laboratory Directed
   Research program through a Seaborg Fellowship. Los Alamos National
   Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the
   National Nuclear Security Administration of U.S. Department of Energy
   (contract DE-AC52-06NA25396).
NR 104
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 7
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
EI 1520-510X
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 54
IS 9
BP 4192
EP 4199
DI 10.1021/ic5024345
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA CH5KX
UT WOS:000354075600006
PM 25901900
ER

PT J
AU Lewandowska-Andralojc, A
   Baine, T
   Zhao, X
   Muckerman, JT
   Fujita, E
   Polyansky, DE
AF Lewandowska-Andralojc, Anna
   Baine, Teera
   Zhao, Xuan
   Muckerman, James T.
   Fujita, Etsuko
   Polyansky, Dmitry E.
TI Mechanistic Studies of Hydrogen Evolution in Aqueous Solution Catalyzed
   by a Tertpyridine-Amine Cobalt Complex
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; SOLVATION FREE-ENERGIES; VISIBLE-LIGHT;
   HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS; H-2 PRODUCTION; FUNCTIONAL MODELS;
   PHOTO-REDUCTION; GENERATING HYDROGEN; PENTADENTATE LIGAND; WATER
   REDUCTION
AB The ability of cobalt-based transition metal complexes to catalyze electrochemical proton reduction to produce molecular hydrogen has resulted in a large number of mechanistic studies involving various cobalt complexes. While the basic mechanism of proton reduction promoted by cobalt species is well-understood, the reactivity of certain reaction intermediates, such as Co-I and Co-III-H, is still relatively unknown owing to their transient nature, especially in aqueous media. In this work we investigate the properties of intermediates produced during catalytic proton reduction in aqueous solutions promoted by the [(DPA-Bpy)Co(OH2)](n+) (DPA-Bpy = N,N-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2,20-bipyridine-6-methanamine) complex ([Co(L)(OH2)](n+) where L is the pentadentate DPA-Bpy ligand or [Co(OH2)](n+) as a shorthand). Experimental results based on transient pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis methods, together with electrochemical studies and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that, while the water ligand is strongly coordinated to the metal center in the oxidation state 3+, one-electron reduction of the complex to form a Co-II species results in weakening the Co-O bond. The further reduction to a Co-I species leads to the loss of the aqua ligand and the formation of [Co-I-VS)](+) (VS = vacant site). Interestingly, DFT calculations also predict the existence of a [Co-I(kappa(4)-L)(OH2)](+) species at least transiently, and its formation is consistent with the experimental Pourbaix diagram. Both electrochemical and kinetics results indicate that the Co-I species must undergo some structural change prior to accepting the proton, and this transformation represents the rate-determining step (RDS) in the overall formation of [Co-III-H](2+). We propose that this RDS may originate from the slow removal of a solvent ligand in the intermediate [Co-I(kappa(4))-L)(OH2)](+) in addition to the significant structural reorganization of the metal complex and surrounding solvent resulting in a high free energy of activation.
C1 [Lewandowska-Andralojc, Anna; Muckerman, James T.; Fujita, Etsuko; Polyansky, Dmitry E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Baine, Teera; Zhao, Xuan] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
RP Lewandowska-Andralojc, A (reprint author), Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Chem, Umultowska 89b, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland.
EM alewand@amu.edu.pl; dmitriyp@bnl.gov
RI Polyansky, Dmitry/C-1993-2009; Lewandowska-Andralojc, Anna/A-8149-2012
OI Polyansky, Dmitry/0000-0002-0824-2296; 
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC00112704]; Division of Chemical
   Sciences, Geosciences, & Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences;
   NSF [EPS 1004083, CHE 1352036]
FX Dr. Y. Matsubara is acknowledged for providing a BIH sample. The work at
   Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) was performed under Contract No.
   DE-SC00112704 with the U.S. Department of Energy and supported by its
   Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, & Biosciences, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences. Accelerator Center for Energy Research (ACER) at
   BNL is acknowledged for providing access to Van de Graaff pulse
   radiolysis facility. X.Z. acknowledges the financial support from NSF
   EPS 1004083 and CHE 1352036.
NR 83
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 4
U2 84
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
EI 1520-510X
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 54
IS 9
BP 4310
EP 4321
DI 10.1021/ic5031137
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA CH5KX
UT WOS:000354075600019
PM 25902004
ER

PT J
AU Labios, LA
   Heiden, ZM
   Mock, MT
AF Labios, Liezel A.
   Heiden, Zachariah M.
   Mock, Michael T.
TI Electronic and Steric Influences of Pendant Amine Groups on the
   Protonation of Molybdenum Bis(dinitrogen) Complexes
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DINITROGEN COMPLEXES; COORDINATED DINITROGEN; TUNGSTEN-DINITROGEN;
   MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; 7-COORDINATE COMPLEXES; LIGATING DINITROGEN;
   CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; DIPHOSPHINE LIGAND; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES;
   NITROGEN-FIXATION
AB The synthesis of a series of (PPNRR)-P-Et (p(Et)p(NRR) = Et2P CH2 CH2P-CH2NRW) (CH2NRR)(2) R' = Ph or 2,4-difluorophenyl; R = R' = Ph or IPr) diphosphine ligands containing mono- and disubstituted pendant amine groups and the preparation of their corresponding molybdenum bis(dinitrogen) complexes trans-Mo(N-2)(2)(PMePh2)(2)(papNR)(9) is described. In situ IR and multinudear NMR spectroscopic studies monitoring the stepwise addition of triflic acid (HOT to trans-Mo(N-2)(2)(PMePh2)(2)(pEtpNR11) complexes in tetrahydrofuran at 40 degrees C show that the electronic and steric properties of the R and R' groups of the pendant amines influence whether the complexes are protonated at Mo, a pendant amine, a coordinated N, ligand, or a combination of these sites. For example, complexes containing monoaryl-substituted pendant amines are protonated at Mo and the pendant amine site to generate mono- and dicationic Mo H species. Protonation of the complex containing less basic diphenylsubstituted pendant amines exclusively generates a monocationic hydrazido (Mo(NNH2)) product, indicating preferential protonation of an N, ligand. Addition of HOTf to the complex featuring more basic diisopropyl amines primarily produces a monocationic product protonated at a pendant amine site, as well as a trace amount of dicationic Mo(NNH2) product that is additionally protonated at a pendant amine site. In addition, trans-Mo(N-2)(2)(PMePh2)(2)(depe) (depe = Et2PCH2CH2PEt2) was synthesized to serve as a counterpart lacking pendant amines. Treatment of this complex with HOTf generated a monocationic Mo(NNH2) product. Protonolysis experiments conducted on several complexes in this study afforded trace amounts of NH4RI Computational analysis of trans-Mo(N2)2(PMePh2)2(P EtpNV) complexes provides further insight into the proton affinity values of the metal center, N2 ligand, and pendant amine sites to rationalize differences in their reactivity profiles.
C1 [Labios, Liezel A.; Mock, Michael T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Ctr Mol Electrocatalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Heiden, Zachariah M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Mock, MT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Ctr Mol Electrocatalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM Michael.Mock@pnnl.gov
FU Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research
   Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences
FX This research was supported as part of the Center for Molecular
   Electrocatalysis, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences. Computational resources provided by the National Energy
   Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley
   National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated
   by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 61
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 5
U2 19
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
EI 1520-510X
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 54
IS 9
BP 4409
EP 4422
DI 10.1021/acsinorgchem.5b00209
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA CH5KX
UT WOS:000354075600031
PM 25871448
ER

PT J
AU Yan, Y
   Lee, JS
   Ruddy, DA
AF Yan, Yong
   Lee, John S.
   Ruddy, Daniel A.
TI Structure-Function Relationships for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by
   Molecular [Mn12O12] Clusters
SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEPENDENT ACTIVITY; COMPLEX; MANGANESE; CATALYST; PHOSPHATE;
   CARBOXYLATE; MAGNETS; OXYGEN; STATE; SITE
AB A series of Mn12O12(OAc)(16-x)L-x(H2O)(4) molecular clusters (L = acetate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, diphenylphosphonate, dichloroacetate) were electrocatalytically investigated as water oxidation electrocatalysts on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass electrode. Four of the [Mn12O12] compounds demonstrated water oxidation activity at pH 7.0 at varying overpotentials (640-820 mV at 0.2 mA/cm(2)) and with high Faradaic efficiency (85-93%). For the most active complex, more than 200 turnovers were observed after 5 min. Two structure-function relationships for these complexes were developed. First, these complexes must undergo at least one-electron oxidation to become active catalysts, and complexes that cannot be oxidized in this potential window were inactive. Second, a greater degree of distortion at Mn1 and Mn3 centers correlated with higher catalytic activity. From this distortion analysis, either or both of these two Mn centers are proposed to be the catalytically active site.
C1 [Yan, Yong; Lee, John S.; Ruddy, Daniel A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Nanosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Ruddy, DA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Nanosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM dan.ruddy@nrel.gov
RI Yan, Yong/E-1087-2013
FU NREL's Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) program under
   U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office
   of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists
   (WDTS) under the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI)
   program
FX The authors thank J. Gu and N. R. Neale for helpful discussions. This
   research was supported by NREL's Laboratory Directed Research &
   Development (LDRD) program under U.S. Dept. of Energy Contract No.
   DE-AC36-08-GO28308. This research was supported in part (J.S.L.) by the
   U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development
   for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) under the Science Undergraduate
   Laboratory Internship (SULI) program.
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0020-1669
EI 1520-510X
J9 INORG CHEM
JI Inorg. Chem.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 54
IS 9
BP 4550
EP 4555
DI 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00398
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
SC Chemistry
GA CH5KX
UT WOS:000354075600045
PM 25884959
ER

PT J
AU Alikin, DO
   Ievlev, AV
   Turygin, AP
   Lobov, AI
   Kalinin, SV
   Shur, VY
AF Alikin, D. O.
   Ievlev, A. V.
   Turygin, A. P.
   Lobov, A. I.
   Kalinin, S. V.
   Shur, V. Ya.
TI Tip-induced domain growth on the non-polar cuts of lithium niobate
   single-crystals
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS; POLARIZATION; SURFACE;
   LINBO3; LITAO3
AB Currently, ferroelectric materials with designed domain structures are considered as a perspective material for new generation of photonic, data storage, and data processing devices. Application of external electric field is the most convenient way of the domain structure formation. Lots of papers are devoted to the investigation of domain kinetics on polar surface of crystals while the forward growth remains one of the most mysterious stages due to lack of experimental methods allowing to study it. Here, we performed tip-induced polarization reversal on X-and Y-non-polar cuts in single-crystal of congruent lithium niobate which allows us to study the forward growth with high spatial resolution. The revealed difference in the shape and length of domains induced on X-and Y-cuts is beyond previously developed theoretical approaches used for the theoretical consideration of the domains growth at non-polar ferroelectric surfaces. To explain experimental results, we used kinetic approach with anisotropy of screening efficiency along different crystallographic directions. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Alikin, D. O.; Turygin, A. P.; Lobov, A. I.; Shur, V. Ya.] Ural Fed Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Ferroelect Lab, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia.
   [Ievlev, A. V.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Ievlev, A. V.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Alikin, DO (reprint author), Ural Fed Univ, Inst Nat Sci, Ferroelect Lab, 51 Lenin Ave, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia.
RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Ievlev, Anton/H-3678-2012; Alikin,
   Denis/K-7914-2015; 
OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Ievlev, Anton/0000-0003-3645-0508;
   Alikin, Denis/0000-0001-9330-7463; Turygin, Anton/0000-0002-4843-0662
FU Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [UID
   RFMEFI59414X0011]; UrFU development program; CNMS [2013-130]; RFBR
   [13-02-01391-a]; Government of Sverdlovsk region [13-02-96041-r-Ural-a]
FX The equipment of the Ural Center of Shared Use UrFU has been used. The
   research was made possible in part by the Ministry of Education and
   Science of the Russian Federation (UID RFMEFI59414X0011) and in part by
   UrFU development program with the financial support of young scientists.
   A portion of this research (A.V.I. and S.V.K.) was conducted at the
   Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of
   Science User Facility. V.Y.S., D.O.A., A.I.L., and A.P.T. acknowledge
   CNMS user proposal (Project 2013-130), RFBR and the Government of
   Sverdlovsk region (Grant 13-02-96041-r-Ural-a), and RFBR (Grant
   13-02-01391-a).
NR 30
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 30
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 106
IS 18
AR 182902
DI 10.1063/1.4919872
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA CH8AW
UT WOS:000354259200033
ER

PT J
AU Garcia-Hemme, E
   Yu, KM
   Wahnon, P
   Gonzalez-Diaz, G
   Walukiewicz, W
AF Garcia-Hemme, E.
   Yu, K. M.
   Wahnon, P.
   Gonzalez-Diaz, G.
   Walukiewicz, W.
TI Effects of the d-donor level of vanadium on the properties of Zn1-xVxO
   films
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; SEMICONDUCTOR; BAND; ALLOYS; STATES
AB We report the effect of d-levels of vanadium atoms on the electronic band structure of ZnO. Polycrystalline layers of Zn1-xVxO with 0 <= x <= 0.08 were synthesized using magnetron sputtering technique. Electrical measurements show that electron concentration increases with vanadium up to x=0.04 and then decreases and films become insulating for x>0.06. Optical characterization reveals that the absorption edge shifts to higher energy, while the photoluminescence (PL) peak shows a shift to lower energy with increasing vanadium content. This unusual optical behavior can be explained by an anticrossing interaction between the vanadium d-levels and the conduction band (CB) of ZnO. The interaction results in an upward shift of unoccupied CB (E+) and the downward shift of the fully occupied E-band derived from the vanadium d-levels. The composition dependence of optical absorption edge (E+) and PL peak (E-) can be fitted using the Band Anticrossing model with the vanadium d-level located at 0.13 eV below CB of ZnO and a coupling constant of 0.65 eV. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Garcia-Hemme, E.; Gonzalez-Diaz, G.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada Elect & Elect 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
   [Garcia-Hemme, E.; Wahnon, P.; Gonzalez-Diaz, G.] UCM UPM, Madrid 28040, Spain.
   [Garcia-Hemme, E.; Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Yu, K. M.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Wahnon, P.] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Inst Energia Solar, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
   [Wahnon, P.] Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Dept TFB, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
RP Garcia-Hemme, E (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Aplicada Elect & Elect 3, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
EM eric.garcia@ucm.es
RI Garcia-Hemme, Eric/E-6095-2012
OI Garcia-Hemme, Eric/0000-0001-5328-8341
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences
   and Engineering Division; National Center for Electron Microscopy/LBNL
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; MADRID-PV - Comunidad de Madrid [P 2013/MAE-2780];
   Spanish MINECO [TEC 2013-41730-R, ENE2013-46624-C4-2]; PICATA
   Predoctoral Fellowship of the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence
   (UCM-UPM)
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and
   National Center for Electron Microscopy/LBNL, under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was partially supported by the Project
   MADRID-PV (P 2013/MAE-2780) funded by the Comunidad de Madrid and the
   project TEC 2013-41730-R and ENE2013-46624-C4-2 from the Spanish MINECO.
   E. Garcia-Hemme acknowledges the support by a PICATA Predoctoral
   Fellowship of the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UCM-UPM).
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 22
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 106
IS 18
AR 182101
DI 10.1063/1.4919791
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA CH8AW
UT WOS:000354259200018
ER

PT J
AU He, ZR
   Shaik, S
   Bi, S
   Chen, JH
   Li, DW
AF He, Zhengran
   Shaik, Shoieb
   Bi, Sheng
   Chen, Jihua
   Li, Dawen
TI Air-stable solution-processed n-channel organic thin film transistors
   with polymer-enhanced morphology
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-ELECTRON-MOBILITY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; TRANSPORT;
   SEMICONDUCTORS; BOUNDARY; ORDER
AB N,Ns'-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenecarboxydiimide (PDIF-CN2) is an n-type semiconductor exhibiting high electron mobility and excellent air stability. However, the reported electron mobility based on spin-coated PDIF-CN2 Zfilm is much lower than the value of PDIF-CN2 single crystals made from vapor phase deposition, indicating significant room for mobility enhancement. In this study, various insulating polymers, including poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(alpha-methylstyrene) (P alpha MS), are pre-coated on silicon substrate aiming to enhance the morphology of the PDIF-CN2 thin film, thereby improving the charge transport and air stability. Atomic force microscopy images reveal that with the pre-deposition of P alpha MS or PMMA polymers, the morphology of the PDIF-CN2 polycrystalline films is optimized in semiconducting crystal connectivity, domain size, and surface roughness, which leads to significant improvement of organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) performance. Particularly, an electron mobility of up to 0.55 cm(2)/V s has been achieved from OTFTs based on the PDIF-CN2 film with the pre-deposition of P alpha MS polymer. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [He, Zhengran; Shaik, Shoieb; Bi, Sheng; Li, Dawen] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
   [Chen, Jihua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Li, DW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
EM dawenl@eng.ua.edu
RI Chen, Jihua/F-1417-2011; He, Zhengran/A-9898-2017
OI Chen, Jihua/0000-0001-6879-5936; 
FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1151140, EPS-1158862]
FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation ECCS-1151140 and
   EPS-1158862. A portion of the research work was conducted at the Center
   for Nanophase
NR 24
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 5
U2 40
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 106
IS 18
AR 183301
DI 10.1063/1.4919677
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA CH8AW
UT WOS:000354259200047
ER

PT J
AU Miao, JS
   Chen, H
   Liu, F
   Zhao, BF
   Hu, LY
   He, ZC
   Wu, HB
AF Miao, Jingsheng
   Chen, Hui
   Liu, Feng
   Zhao, Baofeng
   Hu, Lingyu
   He, Zhicai
   Wu, Hongbin
TI Efficiency enhancement in solution-processed organic small molecule:
   Fullerene solar cells via solvent vapor annealing
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; BENZODITHIOPHENE UNIT; PERFORMANCE;
   10-PERCENT; LAYER
AB We report highly efficient small molecule solar cells (SMSCs) by using dichloromethane solvent vapor annealing method. The resulted devices delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.3%, which is among the highest in SMSCs. Comparing to the control devices, the short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor, and PCE of solvent vapor annealed devices are significantly improved. Summarizing the results of optical absorption, film morphology, and charge carrier transporting properties, we see that the enhanced structure order and reduced size of phase separation are major reasons for the improved device performances, establishing a solid structure-property relationship. The solvent vapor annealing method can thus be a useful method in device fabrication to enhance performances of SMSCs. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Miao, Jingsheng; Chen, Hui; Zhao, Baofeng; Hu, Lingyu; He, Zhicai; Wu, Hongbin] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Inst Polymer Optoelect Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Liu, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM iamfengliu@gmail.com; hbwu@scut.edu.cn
RI Liu, Feng/J-4361-2014
OI Liu, Feng/0000-0002-5572-8512
FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [51225301, 51403066,
   91333206, 61177022]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central
   Universities [2014ZM001]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001087]
FX H.W. and Z.H. thank the National Nature Science Foundation of China
   (Nos. 51225301, 51403066, 91333206, and 61177022) and Fundamental
   Research Funds for the Central Universities (2014ZM001) for the
   financial support. F.L. thanks Polymer-Based Materials for Harvesting
   Solar Energy (PHaSE), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the
   U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
   (DE-SC0001087) for the support.
NR 28
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U1 5
U2 63
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 106
IS 18
AR 183302
DI 10.1063/1.4919707
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA CH8AW
UT WOS:000354259200048
ER

PT J
AU Negi, DS
   Loukya, B
   Ramasamy, K
   Gupta, A
   Datta, R
AF Negi, D. S.
   Loukya, B.
   Ramasamy, K.
   Gupta, A.
   Datta, R.
TI Spatially resolved quantitative magnetic order measurement in spinel
   CuCr2S4 nanocrystals
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; CHALCOGENIDE SPINELS; FINE PARTICLES;
   FREE-IRON; NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTERS; SIZE; NANOMAGNETISM; DICHROISM;
   BEHAVIOR
AB We have utilized spatially resolved high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy to quantify the relative percentage of ferromagnetic order in the core and the surface regions of CuCr2S4 nanoparticles with nanocube and nanocluster morphology. The organic capping layer is found to play a significant role in restoring magnetic order at the surface. The technique is based on recording the fine features of the Cr L-3 absorption edge and matching them with the theoretical spectra. The nanoscale probing technique we have developed is quite versatile and can be extended to understand magnetic ordering in a number of nanodimensional magnetic materials. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Negi, D. S.; Loukya, B.; Datta, R.] Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Chem & Phys Mat Unit, Int Ctr Mat Sci, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.
   [Ramasamy, K.; Gupta, A.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA.
   [Ramasamy, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Datta, R (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Chem & Phys Mat Unit, Int Ctr Mat Sci, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India.
EM ranjan@jncasr.ac.in
FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1012850]; CSIR, India
FX The authors at JNCASR sincerely acknowledge Professor C. N. R. Rao for
   constant support and providing the advanced microscopy facility for this
   work. The work at the University of Alabama was supported by the
   National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-1012850. D. S. Negi
   acknowledges the financial support from CSIR, India.
NR 57
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U1 5
U2 24
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 106
IS 18
AR 182402
DI 10.1063/1.4919864
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA CH8AW
UT WOS:000354259200024
ER

PT J
AU Sanders, CE
   Beaton, DA
   Reedy, RC
   Alberi, K
AF Sanders, C. E.
   Beaton, D. A.
   Reedy, R. C.
   Alberi, K.
TI Fermi energy tuning with light to control doping profiles during epitaxy
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; V-COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; II-VI; GAAS; GROWTH;
   SI; REDISTRIBUTION; DEFECTS
AB The influence of light stimulation and photogenerated carriers on the process of dopant surface segregation during growth is studied in molecular beam epitaxially grown Si-doped GaAs structures. The magnitude of surface segregation decreases under illumination by above-bandgap photons, wherein splitting of the quasi Fermi levels reduces the band bending at the growth surface and raises the formation energy of compensating defects that can enhance atomic diffusion. We further show that light-stimulated epitaxy can be used as a practical approach to diminish dopant carry-forward in device structures and improve the performance of inverted modulation-doped quantum wells. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Sanders, C. E.; Beaton, D. A.; Reedy, R. C.; Alberi, K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Alberi, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM kirstin.alberi@nrel.gov
FU Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Department of Energy Office
   of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308.
   We also thank S.-H. Wei and M. A. Scarpulla for helpful conversations.
NR 19
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 106
IS 18
AR 182105
DI 10.1063/1.4921047
PG 4
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA CH8AW
UT WOS:000354259200022
ER

PT J
AU Wang, WY
   Klots, A
   Yang, YM
   Li, W
   Kravchenko, II
   Briggs, DP
   Bolotin, KI
   Valentine, J
AF Wang, Wenyi
   Klots, Andrey
   Yang, Yuanmu
   Li, Wei
   Kravchenko, Ivan I.
   Briggs, Dayrl P.
   Bolotin, Kirill I.
   Valentine, Jason
TI Enhanced absorption in two-dimensional materials via Fano-resonant
   photonic crystals
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAFAST GRAPHENE PHOTODETECTOR; HIGH RESPONSIVITY; BROAD-BAND
AB The use of two-dimensional (2D) materials in optoelectronics has attracted much attention due to their fascinating optical and electrical properties. However, the low optical absorption of 2D materials arising from their atomic thickness limits the maximum attainable external quantum efficiency. For example, in the visible and near-infrared regimes monolayer MoS2 and graphene absorb only similar to 10% and 2.3% of incoming light, respectively. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the use of Fano-resonant photonic crystals to significantly boost absorption in atomically thin materials. Using graphene as a test bed, we demonstrate that absorption in the monolayer thick material can be enhanced to 77% within the telecommunications band, the highest value reported to date. We also show that the absorption in the Fano-resonant structure is non-local, with light propagating up to 16 mu m within the structure. This property is particularly beneficial in harvesting light from large areas in field-effect-transistor based graphene photodetectors in which separation of photo-generated carriers only occurs similar to 0.2 mu m adjacent to the graphene/electrode interface. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Wang, Wenyi] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   [Klots, Andrey; Bolotin, Kirill I.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37240 USA.
   [Yang, Yuanmu] Vanderbilt Univ, Interdisciplinary Mat Sci Program, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   [Li, Wei; Valentine, Jason] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   [Kravchenko, Ivan I.; Briggs, Dayrl P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Valentine, J (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
EM jason.g.valentine@vanderbilt.edu
RI Kravchenko, Ivan/K-3022-2015; Yang, Yuanmu/J-3187-2012; Valentine,
   Jason/A-6121-2012; Bolotin, Kirill/O-5101-2016; Li, Wei/C-5904-2017
OI Kravchenko, Ivan/0000-0003-4999-5822; Yang, Yuanmu/0000-0002-5264-0822;
   Li, Wei/0000-0002-2227-9431
FU Vanderbilt University; Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-12-1-0571,
   N00014-14-1-0475, N00014-13-10299]
FX This work was funded by a Vanderbilt University Discovery Grant and the
   Office of Naval Research (ONR) under programs N00014-12-1-0571,
   N00014-14-1-0475, and N00014-13-10299. A portion of this research was
   conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE
   Office of Science User Facility. A portion of this work was also
   performed in the Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and
   Engineering (VINSE), we thank the staff for their support.
NR 30
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U1 12
U2 77
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 106
IS 18
AR 181104
DI 10.1063/1.4919760
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA CH8AW
UT WOS:000354259200004
ER

PT J
AU Koepp, GA
   Snedden, BJ
   Levine, JA
AF Koepp, Gabriel A.
   Snedden, Bradley J.
   Levine, James A.
TI Workplace slip, trip and fall injuries and obesity
SO ERGONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE workplace; obesity; ergonomics; falls; injury
ID WORKERS-COMPENSATION; OLDER-PEOPLE; RISK-FACTORS; CARE COSTS; HEALTH;
   PREVENTION; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTS; ABSENTEEISM; MODEL
AB The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between slip, trip and fall injuries and obesity in a population of workers at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in Idaho Falls, Idaho. INL is an applied engineering facility dedicated to supporting the US Department of Energy's mission. An analysis was performed on injuries reported to the INL Medical Clinic to determine whether obesity was related to an increase in slip, trip and fall injuries. Records were analysed that spanned a 6-year period (2005-2010), and included 8581 employees (mean age, 47 +/- 11 years and body mass index [BMI], 29 +/- 5 kg/m(2); 34% obesity rate). Of the 189 people who reported slip, trip and fall injuries (mean age, 48 +/- 11 years), 51% were obese (P < 0.001 compared with uninjured employees), and their mean BMI was 31 +/- 6 kg/m(2) (P < 0.001). Obesity in this population was associated with a greater rate of slip, trip and fall injuries.
   Practitioner Summary: Slip, trip and fall injuries are a major contributor of workplace-related injuries and a great financial burden to employers. This study examines the impact of obesity in slip, trip and fall injuries. The investigation found that obesity was associated with a greater rate of slip, trip and fall injuries.
C1 [Snedden, Bradley J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Occupat Med, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
   [Koepp, Gabriel A.; Levine, James A.] Mayo Clin, Ctr Obes Solut, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA.
   [Koepp, Gabriel A.; Levine, James A.] Arizona State Univ, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA.
RP Levine, JA (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Ctr Obes Solut, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA.
EM Levine.james@mayo.edu
NR 45
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 20
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0014-0139
EI 1366-5847
J9 ERGONOMICS
JI Ergonomics
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 58
IS 5
BP 674
EP 679
DI 10.1080/00140139.2014.985260
PG 6
WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology
SC Engineering; Psychology
GA CI0UI
UT WOS:000354453400002
PM 25532054
ER

PT J
AU Hao, B
   Naik, AK
   Watanabe, A
   Tanaka, H
   Chen, L
   Richards, HW
   Kondo, M
   Taniuchi, I
   Kohwi, Y
   Kohwi-Shigematsu, T
   Krangel, MS
AF Hao, Bingtao
   Naik, Abani Kanta
   Watanabe, Akiko
   Tanaka, Hirokazu
   Chen, Liang
   Richards, Hunter W.
   Kondo, Motonari
   Taniuchi, Ichiro
   Kohwi, Yoshinori
   Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terumi
   Krangel, Michael S.
TI An anti-silencer- and SATB1-dependent chromatin hub regulates Rag1 and
   Rag2 gene expression during thymocyte development
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID STEM-CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMOSOME CONFORMATION; BINDING PROTEIN;
   TRANSGENIC MICE; MULTIPLE GENES; ELEMENTS 5'; T-CELLS; SATB1;
   TRANSCRIPTION; ENHANCER
AB Rag1 and Rag2 gene expression in CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) thymocytes depends on the activity of a distant anti-silencer element (ASE) that counteracts the activity of an intergenic silencer. However, the mechanistic basis for ASE activity is unknown. Here, we show that the ASE physically interacts with the distant Rag1 and Rag2 gene promoters in DP thymocytes, bringing the two promoters together to form an active chromatin hub. Moreover, we show that the ASE functions as a classical enhancer that can potently activate these promoters in the absence of the silencer or other locus elements. In thymocytes lacking the chromatin organizer SATB1, we identified a partial defect in Tcra gene rearrangement that was associated with reduced expression of Rag1 and Rag2 at the DP stage. SATB1 binds to the ASE and Rag promoters, facilitating inclusion of Rag2 in the chromatin hub and the loading of RNA polymerase II to both the Rag1 and Rag2 promoters. Our results provide a novel framework for understanding ASE function and demonstrate a novel role for SATB1 as a regulator of Rag locus organization and gene expression in DP thymocytes.
C1 [Hao, Bingtao; Naik, Abani Kanta; Watanabe, Akiko; Chen, Liang; Kondo, Motonari; Krangel, Michael S.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   [Tanaka, Hirokazu; Taniuchi, Ichiro] RIKEN, Ctr Integrat Med Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan.
   [Richards, Hunter W.; Kohwi, Yoshinori; Kohwi-Shigematsu, Terumi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Krangel, MS (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
EM krang001@mc.duke.edu
RI hao, Bingtao/G-6648-2011; Taniuchi, Ichiro/N-6399-2015
OI Taniuchi, Ichiro/0000-0002-9853-9068
FU National Institutes of Health [R37 GM10452, R37 CA39681]; JSPS KAKENHI
   [24390121]; Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Scholar Award
FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R37
   GM10452 (to M.S.K.) and R37 CA39681 (to T.K.S.), by a Grant-in-Aid for
   Scientific Research (S) and for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
   (to I.T.), and by grant JSPS KAKENHI 24390121 and a Leukemia and
   Lymphoma Society Scholar Award (to M.K.).
NR 56
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Z9 5
U1 1
U2 7
PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 950 THIRD AVE, 2ND FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA
SN 0022-1007
EI 1540-9538
J9 J EXP MED
JI J. Exp. Med.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 212
IS 5
BP 809
EP 824
DI 10.1084/jem.20142207
PG 16
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA CH3AO
UT WOS:000353898100019
PM 25847946
ER

PT J
AU Velasquez, SM
   Ricardi, MM
   Poulsen, CP
   Oikawa, A
   Dilokpimol, A
   Halim, A
   Mangano, S
   Juarez, SPD
   Marzol, E
   Salter, JDS
   Dorosz, JG
   Borassi, C
   Moller, SR
   Buono, R
   Ohsawa, Y
   Matsuoka, K
   Otegui, MS
   Scheller, HV
   Geshi, N
   Petersen, BL
   Iusem, ND
   Estevez, JM
AF Velasquez, Silvia M.
   Ricardi, Martiniano M.
   Poulsen, Christian Peter
   Oikawa, Ai
   Dilokpimol, Adiphol
   Halim, Adnan
   Mangano, Silvina
   Denita Juarez, Silvina Paola
   Marzol, Eliana
   Salgado Salter, Juan D.
   Gloazzo Dorosz, Javier
   Borassi, Cecilia
   Moller, Svenning Rune
   Buono, Rafael
   Ohsawa, Yukiko
   Matsuoka, Ken
   Otegui, Marisa S.
   Scheller, Henrik V.
   Geshi, Naomi
   Petersen, Bent Larsen
   Iusem, Norberto D.
   Estevez, Jose M.
TI Complex Regulation of Prolyl-4-Hydroxylases Impacts Root Hair Expansion
SO MOLECULAR PLANT
LA English
DT Article
DE enzymology; cell expansion; cell walls; protein targeting; proline
   hydroxylation; root hairs
ID PLANT-CELL WALL; ALGAL PROLYL 4-HYDROXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA;
   ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PROTEIN; GOLGI; HYDROXYPROLINE; EXTENSIN;
   IDENTIFICATION; DOMAIN
AB Root hairs are single cells that develop by tip growth, a process shared with pollen tubes, axons, and fungal hyphae. However, structural plant cell walls impose constraints to accomplish tip growth. In addition to polysaccharides, plant cell walls are composed of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), which include several groups of O-glycoproteins, including extensins (EXTs). Proline hydroxylation, an early post-translational modification (PTM) of HRGPs catalyzed by prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs), defines their subsequent O-glycosylation sites. In this work, our genetic analyses prove that P4H5, and to a lesser extent P4H2 and P4H13, are pivotal for root hair tip growth. Second, we demonstrate that P4H5 has in vitro preferred specificity for EXT substrates rather than for other HRGPs. Third, by P4H promoter and protein swapping approaches, we show that P4H2 and P4H13 have interchangeable functions but cannot replace P4H5. These three P4Hs are shown to be targeted to the secretory pathway, where P4H5 forms dimers with P4H2 and P4H13. Finally, we explore the impact of deficient proline hydroxylation on the cell wall architecture. Taken together, our results support a model in which correct peptidyl-proline hydroxylation on EXTs, and possibly in other HRGPs, is required for proper cell wall self-assembly and hence root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
C1 [Velasquez, Silvia M.; Ricardi, Martiniano M.; Mangano, Silvina; Denita Juarez, Silvina Paola; Marzol, Eliana; Salgado Salter, Juan D.; Gloazzo Dorosz, Javier; Borassi, Cecilia; Iusem, Norberto D.; Estevez, Jose M.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Inst Fisiol Biol Mol & Neurociencias IFIBYNE, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
   [Poulsen, Christian Peter; Dilokpimol, Adiphol; Moller, Svenning Rune; Geshi, Naomi; Petersen, Bent Larsen] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, VKR Res Ctr, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
   [Oikawa, Ai; Scheller, Henrik V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Feedstocks Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA.
   [Halim, Adnan] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Dept Cellular & Mol, Copenhagen Ctr Glyc, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
   [Buono, Rafael; Otegui, Marisa S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Ohsawa, Yukiko] RIKEN Plant Sci Ctr, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan.
   [Matsuoka, Ken] Kyushu Univ, Lab Plant Nutr, Fac Agr, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan.
   [Iusem, Norberto D.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fisiol Biol Mol & Celular, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Estevez, JM (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Inst Fisiol Biol Mol & Neurociencias IFIBYNE, CONICET, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
EM jestevez@fbmc.fcen.uba.ar
RI Petersen, Bent/H-9437-2014; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; moller, svenning
   rune/O-9048-2016; Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008; 
OI Petersen, Bent/0000-0002-2004-9077; moller, svenning
   rune/0000-0003-0392-4631; Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560; Iusem,
   Norberto/0000-0002-3052-2489; Poulsen, Christian/0000-0002-5395-7418;
   Estevez, Jose/0000-0001-6332-7738
FU ANPCyT [PICT2011-054, PICT2013-003, PICT 2011-967]; CONICET [PIP0071,
   PIP0342]; Mizutani Foundation for Glycoscience [130004];
   Fulbright-CONICET Fellowship; Fulbright-Bunge and Born Fellowship; EMBO
   short-term fellowship; Danish Agency for Science and Technology
   [274-09-0082, 2101-07-0071]; Danish Council for Independent
   Research/Natural Sciences [12-125709]; Danish Council for Strategic
   Research [12-131859]; Danish National Research Foundation [DNRF107];
   METI Japan; NSF [1157824]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by grants from ANPCyT (PICT2011-054,
   PICT2013-003 to J.M.E and PICT 2011-967 to N.D.I.), CONICET (PIP0071 to
   J.M.E. and PIP0342 to N.D.I.), Mizutani Foundation for Glyco-science
   (Grant 130004 to J.M.E.), Fulbright-CONICET and Fulbright-Bunge and Born
   Fellowships (to J.M.E and S.M.V, respectively), EMBO short-term
   fellowship (to M.M.R.), the Danish Agency for Science and Technology
   (274-09-0082, 2101-07-0071) to N.G., The Danish Council for Independent
   Research/Natural Sciences (12-125709) and The Danish Council for
   Strategic Research (12-131859) to B.L.P., The Danish National Research
   Foundation (DNRF107) to A.H., a research grant from METI Japan (to
   K.M.), NSF 1157824 (to M.S.O.), and the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research,
   through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy (to H.V.S. and A.O.).
NR 57
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 14
PU CELL PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA
SN 1674-2052
EI 1752-9867
J9 MOL PLANT
JI Mol. Plant.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 5
BP 734
EP 746
DI 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.017
PG 13
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences
GA CH4JH
UT WOS:000353999300007
PM 25655826
ER

PT J
AU Parker, DS
   Ghimire, N
   Singleton, J
   Thompson, JD
   Bauer, ED
   Baumbach, R
   Mandrus, D
   Li, L
   Singh, DJ
AF Parker, David S.
   Ghimire, Nirmal
   Singleton, John
   Thompson, J. D.
   Bauer, Eric D.
   Baumbach, Ryan
   Mandrus, David
   Li, Ling
   Singh, David J.
TI Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in UMn2Ge2 and related Mn-based actinide
   ferromagnets
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HIDDEN-ORDER; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FERMI-SURFACE;
   URU2SI2; PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TRANSITION; SYSTEM; FIELD
AB We present magnetization isotherms in pulsed magnetic fields up to 62 T, supported by first-principles calculations, demonstrating a huge uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy-approximately 20 MJ/m(3)-in UMn2Ge2. This large anisotropy results from the extremely strong spin-orbit coupling affecting the uranium 5f electrons, which in the calculations exhibit a substantial orbital moment exceeding 2 mu(B). We also find from theoretical calculations that a number of isostructural Mn actinide compounds are expected to have similarly large anisotropy.
C1 [Parker, David S.; Mandrus, David; Singh, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Ghimire, Nirmal; Singleton, John; Thompson, J. D.; Bauer, Eric D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Baumbach, Ryan] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA.
   [Mandrus, David; Li, Ling] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Parker, DS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Li , Ling /J-3322-2016; 
OI Li , Ling /0000-0002-2866-8323; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937
FU Critical Materials Institute; Energy Innovation Hub - US Department of
   Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing
   Office; US DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials
   Science and Engineering, Division; US DOE, OBES, Materials Science and
   Engineering; NSF [DMR-1410428]
FX Work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was supported by the Critical
   Materials Institute, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the US
   Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced
   Manufacturing Office (D.P.), and by the US DOE, Office of Science, Basic
   Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering, Division (D.M. and
   D.J.S.). Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was performed under the
   auspices of the US DOE, OBES, Materials Science and Engineering. D.M.
   and L.L. acknowledge support from NSF Grant No. DMR-1410428.
NR 29
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 19
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 17
AR 174401
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.174401
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA CH1GS
UT WOS:000353770000001
ER

PT J
AU Reichhardt, C
   Ray, D
   Reichhardt, CJO
AF Reichhardt, C.
   Ray, D.
   Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
TI Reversible ratchet effects for vortices in conformal pinning arrays
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-FLUX QUANTA; BROWNIAN MOTORS; TRANSPORT; EQUILIBRIUM;
   REVERSALS; LATTICES; MOTION
AB A conformal transformation of a uniform triangular pinning array produces a structure called a conformal crystal which preserves the sixfold ordering of the original lattice but contains a gradient in the pinning density. Here we use numerical simulations to show that vortices in type-II superconductors driven with an ac drive over gradient pinning arrays produce the most pronounced ratchet effect over a wide range of parameters for a conformal array, while square gradient or random gradient arrays with equivalent pinning densities give reduced ratchet effects. In the conformal array, the larger spacing of the pinning sites in the direction transverse to the ac drive permits easy funneling of interstitial vortices for one driving direction, producing the enhanced ratchet effect. In the square array, the transverse spacing between pinning sites is uniform, giving no asymmetry in the funneling of the vortices as the driving direction switches, while in the random array, there are numerous easy-flow channels present for either direction of drive. We find multiple ratchet reversals in the conformal arrays as a function of vortex density and ac amplitude, and correlate the features with a reversal in the vortex ordering, which is greater for motion in the ratchet direction. The enhanced conformal pinning ratchet effect can also be realized for colloidal particles moving over a conformal array, indicating the general usefulness of conformal structures for controlling the motion of particles.
C1 [Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089
FU NNSA of the U.S. DOE at LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the U.S. DOE
   at LANL under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 56
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 18
AR 184502
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.184502
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA CH1HH
UT WOS:000353771600002
ER

PT J
AU Ryu, H
   Abeykoon, M
   Wang, KF
   Lei, HC
   Lazarevic, N
   Warren, JB
   Bozin, ES
   Popovic, ZV
   Petrovic, C
AF Ryu, Hyejin
   Abeykoon, Milinda
   Wang, Kefeng
   Lei, Hechang
   Lazarevic, N.
   Warren, J. B.
   Bozin, E. S.
   Popovic, Z. V.
   Petrovic, C.
TI Insulating and metallic spin glass in Ni-doped KxFe2-ySe2 single
   crystals
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETISM
AB We report electron doping effects by Ni in KxFe2-delta-yNiySe2 (0.06 <= y <= 1.44) single-crystal alloys. A rich ground-state phase diagram is observed. A small amount of Ni (similar to 4%) suppressed superconductivity below 1.8 K, inducing insulating spin-glass magnetic ground state for higher Ni content. With further Ni substitution, metallic resistivity is restored. For high Ni concentration in the lattice the unit cell symmetry is high symmetry I4/mmm with no phase separation whereas both I4/m + I4/mmm space groups were detected in the phase separated crystals when concentration of Ni < Fe. The absence of superconductivity coincides with the absence of crystalline Fe vacancy order.
C1 [Ryu, Hyejin; Abeykoon, Milinda; Wang, Kefeng; Lei, Hechang; Bozin, E. S.; Popovic, Z. V.; Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Ryu, Hyejin; Petrovic, C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Lazarevic, N.; Popovic, Z. V.] Univ Belgrade, Inst Phys Belgrade, Ctr Solid State Phys & New Mat, Belgrade 11080, Serbia.
   [Warren, J. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrument Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Ryu, H (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; LEI, Hechang/H-3278-2016
OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; 
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an
   Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. DOE, Office for Basic Energy
   Science; Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development
   of Republic of Serbia [ON171032, III45018]
FX Work at Brookhaven is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-98CH10886 and in part by the Center for Emergent
   Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.
   DOE, Office for Basic Energy Science (K.W and C.P.). This work was also
   supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological
   Development of Republic of Serbia under Projects No. ON171032 and No.
   III45018.
NR 59
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 18
AR 184503
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.184503
PG 6
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA CH1HH
UT WOS:000353771600003
ER

PT J
AU Carlberg, K
AF Carlberg, Kevin
TI Adaptive h-refinement for reduced-order models
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE adaptive refinement; h-refinement; model reduction; dual-weighted
   residual; adjoint error estimation; clustering
ID DISCRETE EMPIRICAL INTERPOLATION; PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; GRID
   ADAPTATION; EVOLUTION-EQUATIONS; FUNCTIONAL OUTPUTS; REDUCTION;
   APPROXIMATIONS; DYNAMICS; FLOWS; BASES
AB This work presents a method to adaptively refine reduced-order models a posteriori without requiring additional full-order-model solves. The technique is analogous to mesh-adaptive h-refinement: it enriches the reduced-basis space online by splitting' a given basis vector into several vectors with disjoint support. The splitting scheme is defined by a tree structure constructed offline via recursive k-means clustering of the state variables using snapshot data. The method identifies the vectors to split online using a dual-weighted-residual approach that aims to reduce error in an output quantity of interest. The resulting method generates a hierarchy of subspaces online without requiring large-scale operations or full-order-model solves. Further, it enables the reduced-order model to satisfy any prescribed error tolerance regardless of its original fidelity, as a completely refined reduced-order model is mathematically equivalent to the original full-order model. Experiments on a parameterized inviscid Burgers equation highlight the ability of the method to capture phenomena (e.g., moving shocks) not contained in the span of the original reduced basis. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Quantitat Modeling & Anal Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Carlberg, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Quantitat Modeling & Anal Dept, POB 969,MS 9159, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM ktcarlb@sandia.gov
FU Sandia Corporation under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The author acknowledges Matthew Zahr for providing the model-reduction
   testbed that was modified to generate the numerical results, Seshadhri
   Comandur for helpful discussions related to tree construction and
   clustering, and the anonymous reviewers for providing insightful remarks
   and suggestions. This research was supported in part by an appointment
   to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National
   Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a
   wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of
   Sandia National Laboratories under its U.S. Department of Energy
   Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 39
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0029-5981
EI 1097-0207
J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG
JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 102
IS 5
SI SI
BP 1192
EP 1210
DI 10.1002/nme.4800
PG 19
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary
   Applications
SC Engineering; Mathematics
GA CF9CQ
UT WOS:000352859600011
ER

PT J
AU Backlund, PB
   Shahan, DW
   Seepersad, CC
AF Backlund, Peter B.
   Shahan, David W.
   Seepersad, Carolyn Conner
TI Classifier-guided sampling for discrete variable, discontinuous design
   space exploration: Convergence and computational performance
SO ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE direct search; sequential sampling; classifier-guided sampling;
   stochastic optimization; Bayesian classification; metamodelling
ID BLACK-BOX FUNCTIONS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; METAMODELING TECHNIQUES;
   APPROXIMATION; REGRESSION; SUPPORT; NETWORKS
AB A classifier-guided sampling (CGS) method is introduced for solving engineering design optimization problems with discrete and/or continuous variables and continuous and/or discontinuous responses. The method merges concepts from metamodel-guided sampling and population-based optimization algorithms. The CGS method uses a Bayesian network classifier for predicting the performance of new designs based on a set of known observations or training points. Unlike most metamodelling techniques, however, the classifier assigns a categorical class label to a new design, rather than predicting the resulting response in continuous space, and thereby accommodates non-differentiable and discontinuous functions of discrete or categorical variables. The CGS method uses these classifiers to guide a population-based sampling process towards combinations of discrete and/or continuous variable values with a high probability of yielding preferred performance. Accordingly, the CGS method is appropriate for discrete/discontinuous design problems that are ill suited for conventional metamodelling techniques and too computationally expensive to be solved by population-based algorithms alone. The rates of convergence and computational properties of the CGS method are investigated when applied to a set of discrete variable optimization problems. Results show that the CGS method significantly improves the rate of convergence towards known global optima, on average, compared with genetic algorithms.
C1 [Backlund, Peter B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Shahan, David W.] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA USA.
   [Seepersad, Carolyn Conner] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Seepersad, CC (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM ccseepersad@mail.utexas.edu
FU Office of Naval Research of the Electric Ship Research and Development
   Consortium
FX Support from the Office of Naval Research under the auspices of the
   Electric Ship Research and Development Consortium is gratefully
   acknowledged. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
   expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
NR 37
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 22
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0305-215X
EI 1029-0273
J9 ENG OPTIMIZ
JI Eng. Optimiz.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 47
IS 5
BP 579
EP 600
DI 10.1080/0305215X.2014.908869
PG 22
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science
GA CC0QZ
UT WOS:000350042100001
ER

PT J
AU Yatsalo, B
   Didenko, V
   Gritsyuk, S
   Sullivan, T
AF Yatsalo, Boris
   Didenko, Vladimir
   Gritsyuk, Sergey
   Sullivan, Terry
TI Decerns: A Framework for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE MCDA systems; Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis; Risk Management; Spatial
   Decision Support Systems; Uncertainty analysis; Land-use Planning
ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; SUPPLIER SELECTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT;
   FUZZY AHP; TOPSIS; GIS; PROMETHEE; ALTERNATIVES; METHODOLOGY; WEIGHTS
AB A new framework, Decerns, for multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) of a wide range of practical problems on risk management is introduced. Decerns framework contains a library of modules that are the basis for two scalable systems: DecernsMCDA for analysis of multicriteria problems, and DecernsSDSS for multicriteria analysis of spatial options. DecernsMCDA includes well known MCDA methods and original methods for uncertainty treatment based on probabilistic approaches and fuzzy numbers. These MCDA methods are described along with a case study on analysis of multicriteria location problem.
C1 [Yatsalo, Boris; Didenko, Vladimir; Gritsyuk, Sergey] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPHI IATE NRNU MEPHI, Dept Informat Syst, Obninsk, Russia.
   [Sullivan, Terry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Res & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Yatsalo, B (reprint author), Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPHI IATE NRNU MEPHI, Dept Informat Syst, Studgorodok 1, Obninsk, Russia.
EM yatsalo@gmail.com; vdidenko74@gmail.com; s.gritsyuk@gmail.com;
   tsullivan@bnl.gov
NR 64
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 33
PU ATLANTIS PRESS
PI PARIS
PA 29 AVENUE LAUMIERE, PARIS, 75019, FRANCE
SN 1875-6891
EI 1875-6883
J9 INT J COMPUT INT SYS
JI Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst.
PD MAY 4
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 3
BP 467
EP 489
DI 10.1080/18756891.2015.1023586
PG 23
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science,
   Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA CC0NA
UT WOS:000350031300001
ER

PT J
AU Sigdel, T
   Salomonis, N
   Nicora, C
   He, J
   Qian, WJ
   Camp, D
   Sarwal, M
AF Sigdel, T.
   Salomonis, N.
   Nicora, C.
   He, J.
   Qian, W. -J.
   Camp, D.
   Sarwal, M.
TI Potential Urine Protein Biomarkers for Kidney Transplantation
   Dysfunction Through Quantitative Proteomics
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT American Transplant Congress
CY MAY 02-06, 2015
CL Philadelphia, PA
C1 [Sigdel, T.; Sarwal, M.] UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA.
   [Salomonis, N.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
   [Nicora, C.; He, J.; Qian, W. -J.; Camp, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1600-6135
EI 1600-6143
J9 AM J TRANSPLANT
JI Am. J. Transplant.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
SU 3
SI SI
MA 1524
PG 1
WC Surgery; Transplantation
SC Surgery; Transplantation
GA DD7SK
UT WOS:000370124201406
ER

PT J
AU Sigdel, T
   Ng, Y
   Lee, S
   Nicora, C
   Qian, WJ
   Ii, DC
   Sarwal, M
AF Sigdel, T.
   Ng, Y.
   Lee, S.
   Nicora, C.
   Qian, W. -J.
   Ii, D. Camp
   Sarwal, M.
TI Pertubations in the Urinary Exosome in Transplant Rejection
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT American Transplant Congress
CY MAY 02-06, 2015
CL Philadelphia, PA
C1 [Sigdel, T.; Ng, Y.; Sarwal, M.] UC San Francisco, Surg, San Francisco, CA USA.
   [Lee, S.] Kyung Hee Univ, Nephrol, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Nicora, C.; Qian, W. -J.; Ii, D. Camp] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1600-6135
EI 1600-6143
J9 AM J TRANSPLANT
JI Am. J. Transplant.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
SU 3
SI SI
MA 1601
PG 1
WC Surgery; Transplantation
SC Surgery; Transplantation
GA DD7SK
UT WOS:000370124200539
ER

PT J
AU Liu, QR
   Jung, CH
   Lee, DY
   Tiwari, D
AF Liu, Qingrui
   Jung, Changhee
   Lee, Dongyoon
   Tiwari, Devesh
TI Clover: Compiler Directed Lightweight Soft Error Resilience
SO ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers and Tools for
   Embedded Systems (LCTES 15)
CY JUN 18-19, 2015
CL Portland, OR
DE Terms Reliability; Languages; Soft Error Resilience; Compilers; Tail-DMR
   Frontier; Idempotent Processing; Acoustic Wave Detectors
ID MICROPROCESSORS; RELIABILITY; RECOVERY; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; CORES; COST
AB This paper presents Clover, a compiler directed soft error detection and recovery scheme for lightweight soft error resilience. The compiler carefully generates soft error tolerant code based on idem-potent processing without explicit checkpoint. During program execution, Clover relies on a small number of acoustic wave detectors deployed in the processor to identify soft errors by sensing the wave made by a particle strike. To cope with DUE (detected unrecoverable errors) caused by the sensing latency of error detection, Clover leverages a novel selective instruction duplication technique called tail-DMR (dual modular redundancy). Once a soft error is detected by either the sensor or the tail-DMR, Clover takes care of the error as in the case of exception handling. To recover from the error, Clover simply redirects program control to the beginning of the code region where the error is detected. The experiment results demonstrate that the average runtime overhead is only 26%, which is a 75% reduction compared to that of the state-of-the-art soft error resilience technique.
C1 [Liu, Qingrui; Jung, Changhee; Lee, Dongyoon] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Tiwari, Devesh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Liu, QR (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
EM lqingrui@vt.edu; chjung@vt.edu; dongyoon@vt.edu; tiwari@ornl.gov
FU Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their
   valuable comments. This work was in part supported by the Oak Ridge
   Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
   which is managed by UT Battelle, LLC for the U.S. DOE (under the
   contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725).
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
PI NEW YORK
PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA
SN 0362-1340
EI 1558-1160
J9 ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES
JI ACM Sigplan Not.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 50
IS 5
DI 10.1145/2670529.2754959
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Software Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA DE8HB
UT WOS:000370875500002
ER

PT J
AU Coisson, P
   Lognonne, P
   Walwer, D
   Rolland, LM
AF Coisson, Pierdavide
   Lognonne, Philippe
   Walwer, Damian
   Rolland, Lucie M.
TI First tsunami gravity wave detection in ionospheric radio occultation
   data
SO EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID TOHOKU-OKI TSUNAMI; PACIFIC COAST; GPS NETWORK; EARTH MODEL;
   DISTURBANCES; ATMOSPHERE; THERMOSPHERE; OSCILLATIONS; RADAR
AB After the 11 March 2011 earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Tohoku, the ionospheric signature of the displacements induced in the overlying atmosphere has been observed by ground stations in various regions of the Pacific Ocean. We analyze here the data of radio occultation satellites, detecting the tsunami-driven gravity wave for the first time using a fully space-based ionospheric observation system. One satellite of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) recorded an occultation in the region above the tsunami 2.5 h after the earthquake. The ionosphere was sounded from top to bottom, thus providing the vertical structure of the gravity wave excited by the tsunami propagation, observed as oscillations of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC). The observed vertical wavelength was about 50 km, with maximum amplitude exceeding 1 total electron content unit when the occultation reached 200 km height. We compared the observations with synthetic data obtained by summation of the tsunami-coupled gravity normal modes of the Earth/Ocean/atmosphere system, which models the associated motion of the ionosphere plasma. These results provide experimental constraints on the attenuation of the gravity wave with altitude due to atmosphere viscosity, improving the understanding of the propagation of tsunami-driven gravity waves in the upper atmosphere. They demonstrate that the amplitude of the tsunami can be estimated to within 20% by the recorded ionospheric data.
C1 [Coisson, Pierdavide; Lognonne, Philippe; Walwer, Damian; Rolland, Lucie M.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France.
   [Rolland, Lucie M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
RP Coisson, P (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France.
EM coisson@ipgp.fr
RI Lognonne, Philippe/F-8846-2010; Rolland, Lucie/C-8585-2013; Coisson,
   Pierdavide/C-5942-2012
OI Coisson, Pierdavide/0000-0003-4155-2111
NR 41
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2333-5084
J9 EARTH SPACE SCI
JI Earth Space Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 2
IS 5
BP 125
EP 133
DI 10.1002/2014EA000054
PG 9
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA DE6NG
UT WOS:000370750000001
ER

PT J
AU Noh, JH
   Joshi, PC
   Kuruganti, T
   Rack, PD
AF Noh, Joo Hyon
   Joshi, Pooran C.
   Kuruganti, Teja
   Rack, Philip D.
TI Pulse Thermal Processing for Low Thermal Budget Integration of IGZO Thin
   Film Transistors
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF THE ELECTRON DEVICES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE Thin film transistors; thin film; pulse thermal annealing
ID AMORPHOUS OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; PLASMA-JET IRRADIATION; TFTS;
   PERFORMANCE; SUBSTRATE; FOIL; SI
AB Pulse thermal processing (PTP) has been explored for low thermal budget integration of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs). The IGZO TFTs are exposed to a broadband (0.2-1.4 mu m) arc lamp radiation spectrum with 100 pulses of 1 m pulse width. With power density of 3.95 kW/cm(2) and 0.1 s total irradiation time, the PTP treated IGZO TFTs showed comparable or improved switching and bias stability properties, at significantly lower thermal budget, to furnace annealed IGZO TFT. The typical field effect mobility mu FE, threshold voltage VT, and sub-threshold gate swing S.S were calculated to be 7.8 cm(2)/V.s, 8.1 V, and 0.22 V/decade, respectively. The observed performance shows promise for low thermal budget TFT integration on flexible substrates exploiting the large-area, scalable PTP technology.
C1 [Noh, Joo Hyon; Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Joshi, Pooran C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Kuruganti, Teja] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Rack, Philip D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Rack, PD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM prack@utk.edu
OI Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254
NR 27
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 4
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2168-6734
J9 IEEE J ELECTRON DEVI
JI IEEE J. Electron Devices Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 3
IS 3
BP 297
EP 301
DI 10.1109/JEDS.2014.2376411
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA DD4HZ
UT WOS:000369884400029
ER

PT J
AU Boggs, PT
   Gay, DM
   Nash, SG
AF Boggs, Paul T.
   Gay, David M.
   Nash, Stephen G.
TI Using Discrete and Continuous Models to Solve Nanoporous Flow
   Optimization Problems
SO NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS-THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Weizmann Workshop on Multilevel Computational Methods and Optimization
CY APR 30-MAY 02, 2013
CL Rehovot, ISRAEL
DE Multigrid Optimization; Multilevel Optimization; Nonlinear Optimization;
   Complex Hierarchical Optimization
ID ALGORITHMS; NETWORK
AB We consider using a discrete network model in combination with continuous nonlinear optimization models to solve the problem of optimizing channels in nanoporous materials. The problem and the hierarchical optimization algorithm are described in [2]. A key feature of the model is the fact that we use the edges of the finite element grid as the locations of the channels. The focus here is on the use of the discrete model within that algorithm. We develop several approximations to the relevant flow and a greedy algorithm for quickly generating a "good" tree connecting all of the nodes in the finite-element mesh to a designated root node. We also consider Metropolis-Hastings (MH) improvements to the greedy result. We consider both a regular triangulation and a Delaunay triangulation of the region, and present some numerical results.
C1 [Boggs, Paul T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Gay, David M.] AMPL Optimizat Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA.
   [Nash, Stephen G.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
RP Nash, SG (reprint author), George Mason Univ, MS 5C8, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.
EM paulboggs@comcast.net; dmg@ampl.com; snash@gmu.edu
FU Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research
   [10-014804, DESC-0001691]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to thank our colleague, Robert Nilson, for his
   help with the physics of the network approximations in Section 3. The
   authors would also like to acknowledge support by the Department of
   Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under contract
   10-014804 and award DESC-0001691.; Sandia National Laboratories is a
   multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a
   wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S.
   Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under
   contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND
SN 1004-8979
EI 2079-7338
J9 NUMER MATH-THEORY ME
JI Numer. Math.-Theory Methods Appl.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 2
BP 149
EP 167
DI 10.4208/nmtma.2015.w13si
PG 19
WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics
SC Mathematics
GA DB2LU
UT WOS:000368341000002
ER

PT J
AU Ranshous, S
   Shen, ST
   Koutra, D
   Harenberg, S
   Faloutsos, C
   Samatova, NF
AF Ranshous, Stephen
   Shen, Shitian
   Koutra, Danai
   Harenberg, Steve
   Faloutsos, Christos
   Samatova, Nagiza F.
TI Anomaly detection in dynamic networks: a survey
SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS
LA English
DT Review
DE anomaly detection; dynamic networks; outlier detection; graph mining;
   dynamic network anomaly detection; network anomaly detection
ID SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION; HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA; OUTLIER DETECTION;
   TENSOR DECOMPOSITIONS; STREAMS; GRAPHS
AB Anomaly detection is an important problem with multiple applications, and thus has been studied for decades in various research domains. In the past decade there has been a growing interest in anomaly detection in data represented as networks, or graphs, largely because of their robust expressiveness and their natural ability to represent complex relationships. Originally, techniques focused on anomaly detection in static graphs, which do not change and are capable of representing only a single snapshot of data. As real-world networks are constantly changing, there has been a shift in focus to dynamic graphs, which evolve over time.
   In this survey, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of anomaly detection in dynamic networks, concentrating on the state-of-the-art methods. We first describe four types of anomalies that arise in dynamic networks, providing an intuitive explanation, applications, and a concrete example for each. Having established an idea for what constitutes an anomaly, a general two-stage approach to anomaly detection in dynamic networks that is common among the methods is presented. We then construct a two-tiered taxonomy, first partitioning the methods based on the intuition behind their approach, and subsequently subdividing them based on the types of anomalies they detect. Within each of the tier one categories-community, compression, decomposition, distance, and probabilistic model based-we highlight the major similarities and differences, showing the wealth of techniques derived from similar conceptual approaches. (C) 2015 The Authors. WIREs Computational Statistics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Ranshous, Stephen; Shen, Shitian; Harenberg, Steve; Samatova, Nagiza F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Ranshous, Stephen; Shen, Shitian; Harenberg, Steve; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Koutra, Danai; Faloutsos, Christos] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu
NR 129
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1939-0068
J9 WIRES COMPUT STAT
JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Comput. Stat.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 3
BP 223
EP 247
DI 10.1002/wics.1347
PG 25
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA CZ3OU
UT WOS:000367014700006
ER

PT J
AU Lorenz, H
   Rosberg, JE
   Juhlin, C
   Bjelm, L
   Almqvist, BSG
   Berthet, T
   Conze, R
   Gee, DG
   Klonowska, I
   Pascal, C
   Pedersen, K
   Roberts, NMW
   Tsang, CF
AF Lorenz, H.
   Rosberg, J. -E.
   Juhlin, C.
   Bjelm, L.
   Almqvist, B. S. G.
   Berthet, T.
   Conze, R.
   Gee, D. G.
   Klonowska, I.
   Pascal, C.
   Pedersen, K.
   Roberts, N. M. W.
   Tsang, C. -F.
TI COSC-1 - drilling of a subduction-related allochthon in the Palaeozoic
   Caledonide orogen of Scandinavia
SO SCIENTIFIC DRILLING
LA English
DT Article
ID CONDUCTIVITY LOGGING METHOD; SWEDISH CALEDONIDES; METAMORPHISM;
   EVOLUTION; WEDGE; PB
AB The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project focuses on mountain building processes in a major mid-Palaeozoic orogen in western Scandinavia and its comparison with modern analogues. The project investigates the subduction-generated Seve Nape Complex. These in part under ultra-high-pressure conditions metamorphosed outer continental margin and continent-ocean transition zone assemblages were emplaced onto the Baltoscandian platform and there influenced the underlying allochthons and the basement. COSC-1 is the first of two ca. 2.5 km deep, fully cored drill holes located in the vicinity of the abandoned Froa mine, close to the town of Are in Jamtland, central Sweden. It sampled a thick section of the lower part of the Seve Complex and was planned to penetrate its basal thrust zone into the underlying lower-grade metamorphosed allochthon. The drill hole reached a depth of 2495.8m and nearly 100% core recovery was achieved. Although planning was based on existing geological mapping and new high-resolution seismic surveys, the drilling resulted in some surprises: the Lower Seve Nappe proved to be composed of rather homogenous gneisses, with only subordinate mafic bodies, and its basal thrust zone was unexpectedly thick (>800 m). The drill hole did not penetrate the bottom of the thrust zone. However, lower-grade metasedimentary rocks were encountered in the lowermost part of the drill hole together with garnetiferous mylonites tens of metres thick. The tectonostratigraphic position is still unclear, and geological and geophysical interpretations are under revision. The compact gneisses host only eight fluid conducting zones of limited transmissivity between 300m and total depth. Downhole measurements suggest an uncorrected average geothermal gradient of similar to 20 degrees C km(-1). This paper summarizes the operations and preliminary results from COSC-1 (ICDP 5054-1-A), drilled from early May to late August 2014, and is complemented by a detailed operational report and the data repository.
C1 [Lorenz, H.; Juhlin, C.; Almqvist, B. S. G.; Berthet, T.; Gee, D. G.; Klonowska, I.; Tsang, C. -F.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
   [Rosberg, J. -E.; Bjelm, L.] Lund Univ, Engn Geol, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
   [Conze, R.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Pascal, C.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
   [Pedersen, K.] Chalmers, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   [Roberts, N. M. W.] British Geol Survey, NERC Isotope Geosci Lab, Nottingham NG12 5GG, England.
   [Tsang, C. -F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Lorenz, H (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Villavagen 16, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
EM henning.lorenz@geo.uu.se
RI Roberts, Nick/C-2694-2008; 
OI Roberts, Nick/0000-0001-8272-5432; Klonowska, Iwona/0000-0001-7346-1770;
   Lorenz, Henning/0000-0001-6095-2941; Berthet, Theo/0000-0002-8796-1407
NR 36
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1816-8957
EI 1816-3459
J9 SCI DRILL
JI Sci. Drill.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 19
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.5194/sd-19-1-2015
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA CY6GJ
UT WOS:000366506400001
ER

PT J
AU Kieft, TL
   Onstott, TC
   Ahonen, L
   Aloisi, V
   Colwell, FS
   Engelen, B
   Fendrihan, S
   Gaidos, E
   Harms, U
   Head, I
   Kallmeyer, J
   Reese, BK
   Lin, LH
   Long, PE
   Moser, DP
   Mills, H
   Sar, P
   Schulze-Makuch, D
   Stan-Lotter, H
   Wagner, D
   Wang, PL
   Westall, F
   Wilkins, MJ
AF Kieft, T. L.
   Onstott, T. C.
   Ahonen, L.
   Aloisi, V.
   Colwell, F. S.
   Engelen, B.
   Fendrihan, S.
   Gaidos, E.
   Harms, U.
   Head, I.
   Kallmeyer, J.
   Reese, B. Kiel
   Lin, L. -H.
   Long, P. E.
   Moser, D. P.
   Mills, H.
   Sar, P.
   Schulze-Makuch, D.
   Stan-Lotter, H.
   Wagner, D.
   Wang, P. -L.
   Westall, F.
   Wilkins, M. J.
TI Workshop to develop deep-life continental scientific drilling projects
SO SCIENTIFIC DRILLING
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSURFACE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SEDIMENTS; ROCK; GROUNDWATER;
   DIVERSITY; WATERS; OLKILUOTO; BACTERIA; AQUIFERS; HYDROGEN
AB The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) has long espoused studies of deep subsurface life, and has targeted fundamental questions regarding subsurface life, including the following: "(1) What is the extent and diversity of deep microbial life and what are the factors limiting it? (2) What are the types of metabolism/carbon/energy sources and the rates of subsurface activity? (3) How is deep microbial life adapted to subsurface conditions? (4) How do subsurface microbial communities affect energy resources? And (5) how does the deep biosphere interact with the geosphere and atmosphere?" (Horsfield et al., 2014) Many ICDP-sponsored drilling projects have included a deep-life component; however, to date, not one project has been driven by deep-life goals, in part because geomicrobiologists have been slow to initiate deep biosphere-driven ICDP projects. Therefore, the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) recently partnered with the ICDP to sponsor a workshop with the specific aim of gathering potential proponents for deep-life-driven ICDP projects and ideas for candidate drilling sites. Twenty-two participants from nine countries proposed projects and sites that included compressional and extensional tectonic environments, evaporites, hydrocarbon-rich shales, flood basalts, Precambrian shield rocks, subglacial and subpermafrost environments, active volcano-tectonic systems, megafan deltas, and serpentinizing ultramafic environments. The criteria and requirements for successful ICDP applications were presented. Deep-life-specific technical requirements were discussed and it was concluded that, while these procedures require adequate planning, they are entirely compatible with the sampling needs of other disciplines. As a result of this workshop, one drilling workshop proposal on the Basin and Range Physiographic Province (BRPP) has been submitted to the ICDP, and several other drilling project proponents plan to submit proposals for ICDP-sponsored drilling workshops in 2016.
C1 [Kieft, T. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
   [Onstott, T. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Ahonen, L.] Geol Survey Finland, Espoo 02151, Finland.
   [Aloisi, V.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, F-75252 Paris 05, France.
   [Colwell, F. S.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Engelen, B.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Chem & Biol Marine Environm, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
   [Fendrihan, S.] Romanian Bioresources Ctr, Sect 6, Bucharest, Romania.
   [Gaidos, E.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Harms, U.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, Int Sci Drilling Program, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Head, I.] Newcastle Univ, Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   [Kallmeyer, J.; Wagner, D.] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Helmholtz Ctr Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Reese, B. Kiel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA.
   [Lin, L. -H.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
   [Long, P. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Mills, H.] Univ Houston Clear Lake, Sch Sci & Comp Engn, Div Nat Sci, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
   [Moser, D. P.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA.
   [Sar, P.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Biotechnol, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India.
   [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Tech Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
   [Schulze-Makuch, D.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   [Stan-Lotter, H.] Salzburg Univ, Div Mol Biol, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
   [Wang, P. -L.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
   [Westall, F.] CNRS, Ctr Biophys Mol, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orleans 2, France.
   [Wilkins, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Wilkins, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Kieft, TL (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA.
EM tkieft@nmt.edu
RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; 
OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Lin, Li-Hung/0000-0002-0985-1464;
   Schulze-Makuch, Dirk/0000-0002-1923-9746; Head, Ian/0000-0002-5373-162X
FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/E01657X/1,  NE/J024325/1]
NR 60
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 7
PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
PI GOTTINGEN
PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY
SN 1816-8957
EI 1816-3459
J9 SCI DRILL
JI Sci. Drill.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 19
BP 43
EP 53
DI 10.5194/sd-19-43-2015
PG 11
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA CY6GJ
UT WOS:000366506400007
ER

PT J
AU Mustafi, D
   Ward, J
   Dougherty, U
   Bissonnette, M
   Hart, J
   Vogt, S
   Karczmar, GS
AF Mustafi, Devkumar
   Ward, Jesse
   Dougherty, Urszula
   Bissonnette, Marc
   Hart, John
   Vogt, Stefan
   Karczmar, Gregory S.
TI X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy Demonstrates Preferential Accumulation of
   a Vanadium-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent in Murine
   Colonic Tumors
SO MOLECULAR IMAGING
LA English
DT Article
ID CANCER CELLS; IN-VIVO; SULFATE; CARCINOGENESIS; COLONOGRAPHY; COLITIS;
   MODEL; RISK; CT
AB Contrast agents that specifically enhance cancers on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will allow earlier detection. Vanadium-based chelates (VCs) selectively enhance rodent cancers on MRI, suggesting selective uptake of VCs by cancers. Here we report x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) of VC uptake by murine colon cancer. Colonic tumors in mice treated with azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium were identified by MRI. Then a gadolinium- based contrast agent and a VC were injected intravenously; mice were sacrificed and colons sectioned. VC distribution was sampled at 120 minutes after injection to evaluate the long-term accumulation. Gadolinium distribution was sampled at 10 minutes after injection due to its rapid washout. XFM was performed on 72 regions of normal and cancerous colon from five normal mice and four cancer-bearing mice. XFM showed that all gadolinium was extracellular, with similar concentrations in colon cancers and normal colon. In contrast, the average VC concentration was twofold higher in cancers versus normal tissue (p < .002). Cancers also contained numerous ''hot spots'' with intracellular VC concentrations sixfold higher than the concentration in normal colon (p < .0001). No hot spots were detected in normal colon. This is the first direct demonstration that VCs selectively accumulate in cancer cells and thus may improve cancer detection.
C1 [Mustafi, Devkumar] Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Univ Chicago, Dept Pathol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Lemont, IL USA.
RP Mustafi, D (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Radiol, 920 East 58th St CLSC 109, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM dmustafi@uchicago.edu; gskarczm@uchicago.edu
RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013
OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513
FU National Institutes of Health [RO1-CA133490, RO1-CA167785]; University
   of Chicago Cancer Comprehensive Center grant; U.S. DOE
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health
   (RO1-CA133490 and RO1-CA167785) and by a University of Chicago Cancer
   Comprehensive Center grant. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office
   of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy
   (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by
   the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 26
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 9
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 69 JOHN STREET SOUTH, STE 310, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 2B9, CANADA
SN 1535-3508
EI 1536-0121
J9 MOL IMAGING
JI Mol. Imaging
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 14
DI 10.2310/7290.2015.00001
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
GA CX3JY
UT WOS:000365596300003
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, R
   Vasco, D
   Daley, TM
   Harbert, W
AF Zhang, Rui
   Vasco, Donald
   Daley, Thomas M.
   Harbert, William
TI Characterization of a fracture zone using seismic attributes at the In
   Salah CO2 storage project
SO Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization
LA English
DT Article
ID ALGERIA; CURVATURE
AB The In Salah carbon dioxide storage project in Algeria has injected more than 3 million tons of carbon dioxide into a water-filled tight-sand formation. During injection, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) reveals a double-lobed pattern of up to a 20-mm surface uplift above the horizontal leg of an injection well. Interpretation of 3D seismic data reveals the presence of a subtle linear push-down feature located along the InSAR determined surface depression between the two lobes, which we interpreted to have to be caused by anomalously lower velocity from the fracture zone and the presence of CO2 displacing brine in this feature. To enhance the seismic interpretation, we calculated many poststack seismic attributes, including positive and negative curvatures as well as ant track, from the 3D seismic data. The maximum positive curvature attributes and ant track found the clearest linear features, with two parallel trends, which agreed well with the ant-track volume and the InSAR observations of the depression zone. The seismic attributes provided a plausible characterization of the fracture zone extent, including height, width, and length (80, 350, and 3500 m, respectively), providing important information for further study of fracture behavior due to the CO2 injection at In Salah. We interpreted the pattern of depression between two surface-deformation lobes as caused by the opening of a subvertical fracture or damage zone at depth above the injection interval, which allowed injected CO2 to migrate upward. Our analysis corroborated previous interpretation of surface uplift as due to the injection of CO2 in this well.
C1 [Vasco, Donald; Daley, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Harbert, William] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA.
EM rxz1961@louisiana.edu; dwvasco@lbl.gov; tmdaley@lbl.gov;
   william.harbert@contr.netl.doe.gov
RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016; Vasco,
   Donald/G-3696-2015
OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628;
   Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628
FU In Salah Joint Industry Project; GEOSEQ project for the Assistant
   Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Coal and Power Systems through
   the National Energy Technology Laboratory, of the U.S. Department of
   Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the In Salah Joint Industry Project, a
   partnership of BP, Statoil, and Sonatrach, from 2011 to 2013. This work
   was partially supported by the GEOSEQ project for the Assistant
   Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Coal and Power Systems through
   the National Energy Technology Laboratory, of the U.S. Department of
   Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Some of the seismic data
   processing in this report was performed using the VISTA software package
   provided by GEDCO, now a Schlumberger company.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS
PI TULSA
PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA
SN 2324-8858
EI 2324-8866
J9 INTERPRETATION-J SUB
JI Interpretation
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 3
IS 2
BP SM37
EP SM46
DI 10.1190/INT-2014-0141.1
PG 10
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA CV5BW
UT WOS:000364282200023
ER

PT J
AU Sullivan, C
   Bonneville, A
   Harbert, W
   Gupta, N
   Nieuwland, D
   Morris, J
AF Sullivan, Charlotte
   Bonneville, Alain
   Harbert, William
   Gupta, Neeraj
   Nieuwland, Dirk
   Morris, Joseph
TI Introduction to special section: CO2 storage and utilization
SO Interpretation-A Journal of Subsurface Characterization
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Sullivan, Charlotte; Bonneville, Alain] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Harbert, William] Univ Pittsburgh, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
   [Gupta, Neeraj] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA.
   [Nieuwland, Dirk] NewTec Environm Serv, Leiden, Netherlands.
   [Morris, Joseph] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Sullivan, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM charlotte.sullivan@pnnl.gov; alain.bonneville@pnnl.gov;
   harbert@pitt.edu; gupta@battelle.org; dnieuw@xs4all.nl; jmorris4@slb.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS
PI TULSA
PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA
SN 2324-8858
EI 2324-8866
J9 INTERPRETATION-J SUB
JI Interpretation
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 3
IS 2
DI 10.1190/INT2015-0331-SPSEINTRO.1
PG 1
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA CV5BW
UT WOS:000364282200020
ER

PT J
AU Barzyk, TM
   Wilson, S
   Wilson, A
AF Barzyk, Timothy M.
   Wilson, Sacoby
   Wilson, Anthony
TI Community, State, and Federal Approaches to Cumulative Risk Assessment:
   Challenges and Opportunities for Integration
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE cumulative risk assessment; environmental health; community-based
   participatory research; exposure assessment; susceptibility;
   vulnerability
ID ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; NONCHEMICAL STRESSORS; IMPACT; EXPOSURE
AB Community, state, and federal approaches to conventional and cumulative risk assessment (CRA) were described and compared to assess similarities and differences, and develop recommendations for a consistent CRA approach, acceptable across each level as a rigorous scientific methodology, including partnership formation and solution development as necessary practices. Community, state, and federal examples were described and then summarized based on their adherence to CRA principles of: (1) planning, scoping, and problem formulation; (2) risk analysis and ranking, and (3) risk characterization, interpretation, and management. While each application shared the common goal of protecting human health and the environment, they adopted different approaches to achieve this. For a specific project-level analysis of a particular place or instance, this may be acceptable, but to ensure long-term applicability and transferability to other projects, recommendations for developing a consistent approach to CRA are provided. This approach would draw from best practices, risk assessment and decision analysis sciences, and historical lessons learned to provide results in an understandable and accepted manner by all entities. This approach is intended to provide a common ground around which to develop CRA methods and approaches that can be followed at all levels.
C1 [Barzyk, Timothy M.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   [Wilson, Sacoby] Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
   [Wilson, Anthony] US EPA, ORISE, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
RP Barzyk, TM (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
EM barzyk.timothy@epa.gov; swilson2@umd.edu; wilson.anthony@epa.gov
FU Environmental Protection Agency
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Environmental
   Protection Agency Cumulative Risk Assessment Technical Panel for their
   insights and feedback into this research.
NR 46
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 6
PU MDPI AG
PI BASEL
PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND
SN 1660-4601
J9 INT J ENV RES PUB HE
JI Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 5
BP 4546
EP 4571
DI 10.3390/ijerph120504546
PG 26
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA CO5HN
UT WOS:000359190300005
PM 25918910
ER

PT J
AU Abdalah, M
   Boutchko, R
   Mitra, D
   Shrestha, U
   Seo, Y
   Botvinick, E
   Gullberg, G
AF Abdalah, Mahmoud
   Boutchko, Rostyslav
   Mitra, Debasis
   Shrestha, Uttam
   Seo, Youngho
   Botvinick, Elias
   Gullberg, Grant
TI Liver and Background Removal in Dynamic Cardiac SPECT
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine-and-Molecular-Imaging
CY JUN 06-10, 2015
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Soc Nucl Med & Mol Imaging
C1 [Boutchko, Rostyslav; Gullberg, Grant] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Shrestha, Uttam; Seo, Youngho; Botvinick, Elias] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
   [Abdalah, Mahmoud; Mitra, Debasis] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC
PI RESTON
PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA
SN 0161-5505
EI 1535-5667
J9 J NUCL MED
JI J. Nucl. Med.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 56
IS 3
SU 3
MA 1527
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA CN9AU
UT WOS:000358738803147
ER

PT J
AU Chan, HS
   Konijnenberg, M
   Anderson, T
   Nysus, M
   de Blois, E
   Atcher, R
   Breeman, W
   de Jong, M
   Norenberg, J
AF Chan, Ho Sze
   Konijnenberg, Mark
   Anderson, Tamara
   Nysus, Monique
   de Blois, Erik
   Atcher, Robert
   Breeman, Wouter
   de Jong, Marion
   Norenberg, Jeffrey
TI L-Lysine As Kidney Protectant In Targeted Alpha Therapy With
   Bi-213-DOTATATE
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine-and-Molecular-Imaging
CY JUN 06-10, 2015
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Soc Nucl Med & Mol Imaging
C1 [Chan, Ho Sze; Konijnenberg, Mark; de Blois, Erik; Breeman, Wouter; de Jong, Marion] Erasmus MC, Nucl Med, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
   [Anderson, Tamara; Nysus, Monique; Norenberg, Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Coll Pharm, Hlth Sci Ctr, Radiopharmaceut Sci Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   [Atcher, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC
PI RESTON
PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA
SN 0161-5505
EI 1535-5667
J9 J NUCL MED
JI J. Nucl. Med.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 56
IS 3
SU 3
MA 338
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA CN9AU
UT WOS:000358738800338
ER

PT J
AU Holman, E
   Chen, L
   Holman, HY
   Enns, G
   Blankenberg, F
AF Holman, Elizabeth
   Chen, Liang
   Holman, Hoi-Ying
   Enns, Gregory
   Blankenberg, Francis
TI Correlation of HMPAO uptake with live single cell synchrotron
   mid-Infrared spectromicroscopy in inherited mitochondrial disease
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine-and-Molecular-Imaging
CY JUN 06-10, 2015
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Soc Nucl Med & Mol Imaging
C1 [Blankenberg, Francis] Stanford Univ, Radiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Enns, Gregory] Stanford Univ, Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Holman, Elizabeth; Chen, Liang; Holman, Hoi-Ying] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Synchrotron Infrared Struct Biol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014; Chen, Liang/F-3496-2011
OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625; 
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC
PI RESTON
PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA
SN 0161-5505
EI 1535-5667
J9 J NUCL MED
JI J. Nucl. Med.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 56
IS 3
SU 3
MA 1551
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA CN9AU
UT WOS:000358738803171
ER

PT J
AU Kang, Y
   He, B
   Schlyer, D
   Vallabhajosula, S
   Mozley, P
AF Kang, Yeona
   He, Bin
   Schlyer, David
   Vallabhajosula, Shankar
   Mozley, Paul
TI Reproducibility of test-retest with [C-11]-PK11195 using different input
   function approaches
SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Nuclear-Medicine-and-Molecular-Imaging
CY JUN 06-10, 2015
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Soc Nucl Med & Mol Imaging
C1 [Kang, Yeona; He, Bin; Vallabhajosula, Shankar; Mozley, Paul] Weill Cornell Med Coll, New York, NY USA.
   [Schlyer, David] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RI Kang, Yeona/M-5305-2016
OI Kang, Yeona/0000-0003-3384-435X
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC
PI RESTON
PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA
SN 0161-5505
EI 1535-5667
J9 J NUCL MED
JI J. Nucl. Med.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 56
IS 3
SU 3
MA 152
PG 1
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA CN9AU
UT WOS:000358738800153
ER

PT J
AU Terborg, L
   Masini, JC
   Lin, M
   Lipponen, K
   Riekolla, ML
   Svec, F
AF Terborg, Lydia
   Masini, Jorge C.
   Lin, Michelle
   Lipponen, Katriina
   Riekolla, Marja-Liisa
   Svec, Frantisek
TI Porous polymer monolithic columns with gold nanoparticles as an
   intermediate ligand for the separation of proteins in reverse phase-ion
   exchange mixed mode
SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE Gold nanoparticles; Mixed mode; Monolith; Proteins; Separation
ID CAPILLARY COLUMNS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE; IMMOBILIZATION
AB A new approach has been developed for the preparation of mixed-mode stationary phases to separate proteins. The pore surface of monolithic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns was functionalized with thiols and coated with gold nanoparticles. The final mixed mode surface chemistry was formed by attaching, in a single step, alkanethiols, mercaptoalkanoic acids, and their mixtures on the free surface of attached gold nanoparticles. Use of these mixtures allowed fine tuning of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance. The amount of attached gold nanoparticles according to thermal gravimetric analysis was 44.8 wt.%. This value together with results of frontal elution enabled calculation of surface coverage with the alkanethiol and mercaptoalkanoic acid ligands. Interestingly, alkanethiols coverage in a range of 4.46-4.51 molecules/nm(2) significantly exceeded that of mercaptoalkanoic acids with 2.39-2.45 molecules/nm(2). The mixed mode character of these monolithic stationary phases was for the first time demonstrated in the separations of proteins that could be achieved in the same column using gradient elution conditions typical of reverse phase (using gradient of acetonitrile in water) and ion exchange chromatographic modes (applying gradient of salt in water), respectively. (C) 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University.
C1 [Terborg, Lydia; Svec, Frantisek] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Masini, Jorge C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Fundamental Chem, Inst Chem, BR-05513970 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
   [Lin, Michelle] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Lipponen, Katriina; Riekolla, Marja-Liisa] Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, Analyt Chem Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
RP Svec, F (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM fsvec@lbl.gov
RI Masini, Jorge/C-9069-2012; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014
OI Masini, Jorge/0000-0002-0496-9009; 
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 8
U2 34
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 2090-1232
EI 2090-1224
J9 J ADV RES
JI J. Adv. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
BP 441
EP 448
DI 10.1016/j.jare.2014.10.004
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CL9RT
UT WOS:000357316500021
PM 26257942
ER

PT J
AU Kearney, SP
AF Kearney, Sean P.
TI Hybrid fs/ps rotational CARS temperature and oxygen measurements in the
   product gases of canonical flat flames
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Laser diagnostics; Femtosecond CARS; Flat flames; Temperature; Oxygen
ID STOKES-RAMAN SCATTERING; SINGLE-LASER-SHOT; PHASE THERMOMETRY;
   FEMTOSECOND CARS; SPECIES MEASUREMENTS; VIBRATIONAL CARS; SOOTING
   FLAMES; SPECTROSCOPY; PROBE; GENERATION
AB A hybrid fs/ps pure-rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) scheme is systematically evaluated over a wide range of flame conditions in the product gases of two canonical fiat-flame burners. Near-transform-limited, broadband femtosecond pump and Stokes pulses impulsively prepare a rotational Raman coherence, which is later probed using a high-energy, frequency-narrow picosecond beam generated by the second-harmonic bandwidth compression scheme that has recently been demonstrated for rotational CARS generation in H-2/air flat flames. The measured spectra are free of collision effects and nonresonant background and can be obtained on a single-shot basis at 1 kHz. The technique is evaluated for temperature/oxygen measurements in near-adiabatic H2/air flames stabilized on the Hencken burner for equivalence ratios of phi = 0.20-1.20. Thermometry is demonstrated in hydrocarbon/air products for phi = 0.75-3.14 in premixed C2H4/air flat flames on the McKenna burner. Reliable spectral fitting is demonstrated for both shot-averaged and single-laser-shot data using a simple phenomenological model. Measurement accuracy is benchmarked by comparison to adiabatic-equilibrium calculations for the H2/air flames, and by comparison with nanosecond CARS measurements for the C2H4/air flames. Quantitative accuracy comparable to nanosecond rotational CARS measurements is observed, while the observed precision in both the temperature and oxygen data is extraordinarily high, exceeding nanosecond CARS, and on par with the best published thermometric precision by femtosecond vibrational CARS in flames, and rotational femtosecond CARS at low temperature. Threshold levels of signal-to-noise ratio to achieve 1-2% precision in temperature and O-2/N-2 ratio are identified. The results show that pure-rotational fs/ps CARS is a robust and quantitative tool when applied across a wide range of flame conditions spanning lean H-2/air combustion to fuel-rich sooting hydrocarbon flames. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kearney, Sean P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Kearney, SP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0826, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM spkearn@sandia.gov
FU United States Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories;
   United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The author thanks Alexis Bohlin, presently at Sandia, for providing the
   nanosecond rotational CARS results and linewidth data compiled at Lund
   University. Technical assistance from Tom Grasser is also gratefully
   acknowledged. Funding for this work has been provided by the United
   States Department of Energy through Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia
   is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
   Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's
   National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract
   DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 65
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 7
U2 32
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
IS 5
BP 1748
EP 1758
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.11.036
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CN6RI
UT WOS:000358561500012
ER

PT J
AU Short, M
   Jackson, SI
AF Short, Mark
   Jackson, Scott I.
TI Dynamics of high sound-speed metal confiners driven by non-ideal
   high-explosive detonation
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Non-ideal detonation; High-sound-speed confinement; Cylinder tests
AB The results of 14 tests examining the behavior of aluminum (Al) confiners driven by non-ideal ANFO detonation in a cylinder test configuration are presented. In each test, the measured detonation phase velocity is slower than the aluminum sound speed. Thus, in the detonation reference frame, the flow in the Al is both shockless and subsonic. The tests involve: 3-in, inner diameter (ID) cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 1 and 2 in.; a 4-in. ID cylinder with a 1/2-in. Al wall thickness; and 6-in. ID cylinders with Al wall thicknesses of 1/2, 1 and 2 in. The ANFO detonation velocity is seen to increase with increasing wall thickness for both the 3- and 6-in. ID tests, with no limiting velocity reached for the wall thicknesses used. The motion of the outer Al wall due to precursor elastic waves in the Al running ahead of the detonation is also measured at various axial locations along the cylinders. It is found that the magnitude of the outer wall motion due to the precursor elastic waves is small, while the associated wall motion is unsteady and decays in amplitude as the elastic disturbances move further ahead of the detonation front. The variations in the expansion history of the main outer wall motion of the cylinders are presented for increasing wall thickness at fixed ID, and for increasing cylinder inner diameter at a fixed wall thickness. Finally, we also explore the existence of a geometric similarity scaling of the wall expansion history for three geometrically scaled tests (3- and 6-in. ID cylinders with 1/4- and 1/2-in. walls, 3- and 6-in. ID cylinders with 1/2- and 1-in, walls and 3- and 6-in. ID cylinders with 1- and 2-in, walls respectively). We find that the wall velocity histories for each of the three scaled tests, when plotted directly against time relative to start of main motion of the wall, are similar over a certain range of wall velocities without any geometric based rescaling in time. The range of wall velocities where the overlap occurs increases as the ratio of the wall thickness to inner diameter decreases. This is in contrast to ideal high explosives, where the outer wall velocity histories are only similar when the geometric scale factor (in this case a factor of 2) is applied to the wall velocity motion. (C) 2014 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Short, Mark; Jackson, Scott I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Shock & Detonat Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Short, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Shock & Detonat Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM short1@lanl.gov; sjackson@lanl.gov
OI Jackson, Scott/0000-0002-6814-3468
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
IS 5
BP 1857
EP 1867
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.007
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CN6RI
UT WOS:000358561500022
ER

PT J
AU Pei, YJ
   Hawkes, ER
   Kook, S
   Goldin, GM
   Lu, TF
AF Pei, Yuanjiang
   Hawkes, Evatt R.
   Kook, Sanghoon
   Goldin, Graham M.
   Lu, Tianfeng
TI Modelling n-dodecane spray and combustion with the transported
   probability density function method
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Spray A; Transported probability density function; Engine Combustion
   Network; Diesel; Ignition; n-Dodecane
ID TURBULENCE-CHEMISTRY INTERACTION; LAGRANGIAN FDF SIMULATIONS;
   DIESEL-ENGINE CONDITIONS; METHANE/AIR JET FLAMES; BLUFF-BODY FLAMES;
   LIFT-OFF LENGTH; PDF CALCULATIONS; MIXING MODELS; MICROMIXING MODELS;
   NONPREMIXED FLAMES
AB An n-dodecane spray in temperature and pressure conditions typical of diesel engines, known as Spray A. is modelled by the transported probability density function (TPDF) method coupled with a time-dependent Reynolds-averaged k-epsilon turbulence model and a Lagrangian discrete phase model of the liquid spray. To establish a baseline for comparisons, non-reacting cases are first studied. Good results are obtained for the vapour penetration, the mean and variance of fuel mixture fraction, and velocity profiles, with variations in ambient density and injection pressure. These comparisons are more extensive than previous studies due to new experimental data being available. Reacting cases are then investigated for a number of ambient conditions and injection parameters, employing a reduced chemical kinetic model. The chemical mechanism incorporates an OH* sub-mechanism (Hall and Petersen, 2006) which enables a direct comparison with experimental measurements of the lift-off length that are based on OH chemiluminescence. To assess the importance of interactions between turbulence and chemistry, the results from the PDF model are compared to the measurements and to those from a well-mixed model that ignores turbulent fluctuations. Variations of ambient temperature, ambient oxygen concentration, ambient density, and injection pressure are considered. In all cases the PDF model with the EMST mixing model and C-phi = 1.5 shows an excellent agreement with the experimental lift-off length and presents improved results compared with the well-mixed model. Ignition delay is however over-predicted by both the PDF method and well-mixed models. Available shock tube data suggests that this may be due to the chemical kinetic model over-predicting ignition delay at higher pressures. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pei, Yuanjiang; Hawkes, Evatt R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
   [Hawkes, Evatt R.; Kook, Sanghoon] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
   [Goldin, Graham M.] Ansys Inc, Lebanon, NH USA.
   [Lu, Tianfeng] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
RP Pei, YJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Transportat Technol Res & Dev Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM ypei@anl.gov
RI Lu, Tianfeng/D-7455-2014; Kook, Sanghoon/C-5372-2009; Hawkes,
   Evatt/C-5307-2012
OI Lu, Tianfeng/0000-0001-7536-1976; Kook, Sanghoon/0000-0002-7620-9789;
   Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951
FU AusAID via Australian Leadership Awards program; Australian Research
   Council; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008622]; U.S. National Science
   Foundation [CBET-1258646]
FX Y. Pei acknowledges the support of AusAID via its Australian Leadership
   Awards program. The work was supported by the Australian Research
   Council and benefited from resources of the National Computational
   Infrastructure, Australia, Intersect Australia Ltd, and the Leonardi
   research cluster of the Faculty of Engineering, The University of New
   South Wales. The work at the University of Connecticut was supported by
   the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-SC0008622 and U.S. National
   Science Foundation under Grant CBET-1258646. The authors thank Lyle
   Pickett and Gilles Bruneaux for their leadership in establishing the
   Engine Combustion Network, and Dan Haworth for several useful
   discussions. Michele Bardi and Raul Payri are thanked for making
   available their experimental data prior to formal publication.
NR 100
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 4
U2 11
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
IS 5
BP 2006
EP 2019
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.12.019
PG 14
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CN6RI
UT WOS:000358561500034
ER

PT J
AU Day, M
   Tachibana, S
   Bell, J
   Lijewski, M
   Beckner, V
   Cheng, RK
AF Day, Marc
   Tachibana, Shigeru
   Bell, John
   Lijewski, Michael
   Beckner, Vince
   Cheng, Robert K.
TI A combined computational and experimental characterization of lean
   premixed turbulent low swirl laboratory flames II. Hydrogen flames
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Low swirl burner; Turbulent lean premixed flames; Hydrogen-air
   combustion; Lagrangian diagnostics; DNS; OH-PLIF
ID INTENSE ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; METHANE-AIR FLAMES;
   NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; COMPLEX CHEMISTRY; COMBUSTION; EQUATIONS; FLOWS;
   DIFFUSION; H-2
AB We present simulations of laboratory-scale Low Swirl Burner (LSB) flames in order to develop a characterization of the interaction of thermal/diffusive unstable flames with turbulence at the correct scales of laboratory experiments. A Lagrangian diagnostic was developed to overcome the pitfalls of traditional Eulerian analysis techniques when applied to cellular flame systems, including the lack of a well-defined measure of "flame progress" and the time-dependent strain and curvature fields that evolve at scales that are faster than the residence time in the flame zone. An integrated measure of consumption along the pathlines was shown to serve as a generalized analog of the Eulerian-computed consumption-based burning speed. The diffusive fuel flux divergence along the pathlines was shown to correlate directly with integrated consumption rate. Insights gained through the Lagrangian diagnostic analysis served as the underpinning of a new procedure to interpret OH-PLIF images from the LSB experiment. This new diagnostic is able to provide a more physically meaningful approximation to the "flame surface area" than traditional approaches based on PIV processing. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
C1 [Day, Marc; Bell, John; Lijewski, Michael; Beckner, Vince] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Tachibana, Shigeru] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Aeronaut Technol, Chofu, Tokyo 1828522, Japan.
   [Cheng, Robert K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Day, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced
   Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program
   [DE-AC02005CH11231]; INCITE
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing
   Research, Applied Mathematics program under contract number
   DE-AC02005CH11231. The simulations and analysis were performed on the
   Franklin and Hopper machines at NERSC under an INCITE award. The authors
   gratefully acknowledge Gary Hubbard in the LBNL Combustion Laboratory
   for assistance in data analysis.
NR 36
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Z9 5
U1 3
U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
IS 5
BP 2148
EP 2165
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.01.013
PG 18
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CN6RI
UT WOS:000358561500046
ER

PT J
AU Fuest, F
   Barlow, RS
   Magnotti, G
   Dreizler, A
   Ekoto, IW
   Sutton, JA
AF Fuest, Frederik
   Barlow, Robert S.
   Magnotti, Gaetano
   Dreizler, Andreas
   Ekoto, Isaac W.
   Sutton, Jeffrey A.
TI Quantitative acetylene measurements in laminar and turbulent flames
   using 1D Raman/Rayleigh scattering
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Raman spectroscopy; Acetylene; Dimethyl ether; Combustion diagnostics
ID PREMIXED METHANE/AIR FLAMES; JET FLAMES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; DIMETHYL
   ETHER; DIAGNOSTICS; HYDROCARBON; COMBUSTION; C2H2; CO
AB This work presents the extension of the established detection of seven major species in 1D Raman/Rayleigh measurements to incorporate acetylene (C2H2) as an eighth species. Acetylene is an important soot precursor which is generated in hydrocarbon flames as an intermediate species following decomposition. It occurs over a broad temperature range in flames and has been identified as a potentially detectable species in 1D Raman/Rayleigh measurements. In this paper, we discuss the Raman spectral signature of acetylene, its temperature dependence, calibration procedures, and the interference with other Raman-active species, C-2 and broadband interferences, all of which are essential to quantify for accurate data processing. In this regard, Raman measurements in laminar and turbulent dimethyl ether flames were acquired. The data are spectrally analyzed and low-temperature calibrations of the Raman response are combined with an extrapolation model for high temperatures in order to place the acetylene signals on an absolute scale. Single-shot and conditional-mean values are presented as a function of mixture fraction for a laminar partially-premixed DME/air flame. Measurements from the laminar flame are compared to a ID laminar flame calculation to assess the accuracy of the calibration and analysis procedures. Finally, detection limits, signal-to-noise, and signal-to-interference ratio of the C2H2 measurement are discussed, and single-shot measurements of acetylene in a turbulent DME/air jet flame are demonstrated. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
C1 [Fuest, Frederik; Sutton, Jeffrey A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Barlow, Robert S.; Magnotti, Gaetano; Ekoto, Isaac W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA.
   [Dreizler, Andreas] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Ctr Smart Interfaces, FG React Flows & Diagnost, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
RP Fuest, F (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
EM frederik.fuest@gmail.com
FU Combustion Energy Frontier Research Center - US department of Energy,
   Office of Science, BES [DE-SC0001198]; Division of Chemical Sciences,
   Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US
   Department of Energy; United States Department of Energy
   [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 568, EXC 259]
FX Work at Ohio State University was supported by the Combustion Energy
   Frontier Research Center funded by the US department of Energy, Office
   of Science, BES under Award DE-SC0001198. Work performed at Sandia was
   supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and
   Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy.
   Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by
   Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States
   Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. A portion of the
   work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft SFB 568 and EXC
   259. The help of R. Harmon during the experiments is gratefully
   acknowledged.
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
IS 5
BP 2248
EP 2255
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.01.021
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CN6RI
UT WOS:000358561500053
ER

PT J
AU Kukkadapu, G
   Kumar, K
   Sung, CJ
   Mehl, M
   Pitz, WJ
AF Kukkadapu, Goutham
   Kumar, Kamal
   Sung, Chih-Jen
   Mehl, Marco
   Pitz, William J.
TI Autoignition of gasoline surrogates at low temperature combustion
   conditions
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE Research grade gasoline; Gasoline surrogates; Autoignition; Rapid
   compression machine; Ignition delays; Low temperature combustion
ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; 7.6 MU-M; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; SHOCK-TUBE;
   MIXTURES; IGNITION; FUEL; SPECIATION; PRESSURES
AB Understanding the autoignition characteristics of gasoline is essential for the development and design of advanced combustion engines based on low temperature combustion (LTC) technology. Formulation of an appropriate gasoline surrogate and advances in its comprehensive chemical kinetic model are required to model autoignition of gasoline under LTC conditions. Ignition delays of two surrogates proposed in literature for a research grade gasoline (RD387), including a three-component mixture of iso-octane, n-heptane, and toluene and a four-component mixture with the addition of an olefin (2-pentene), were measured in this study using a rapid compression machine (RCM). The present RCM experiments focused on two fuel lean conditions in air corresponding to equivalence ratios of phi = 0.3 and 0.5, at two compressed pressures of P-C = 20 bar and 40 bar in the compressed temperature range of T-C = 665-950 K. Comparison of the measured ignition delays of two gasoline surrogates with those of RD387 reported in our previous study shows that the four-component surrogate performs better in emulating the autoignition characteristics of RD387. In addition, numerical simulations were carried out to assess the comprehensiveness of the corresponding gasoline surrogate model from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The performance of the chemical kinetic model was noted to be pressure dependent, and the agreement between the experimental and simulated results was found to depend on the operating conditions. A good agreement was observed at a compressed pressure of 20 bar, while a reduced reactivity was predicted by the chemical kinetic model at 40 bar. Brute force sensitivity analysis was also conducted at varying pressures, temperatures, and equivalence ratios to identify the reactions that influence simulated ignition delay times. Finally, further studies for improving the surrogate kinetic model were discussed and suggested. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kukkadapu, Goutham; Kumar, Kamal; Sung, Chih-Jen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   [Mehl, Marco; Pitz, William J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Sung, CJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Room 484,United Technol Engn Bldg, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
EM cjsung@engr.uconn.edu
RI Mehl, Marco/A-8506-2009; 
OI Mehl, Marco/0000-0002-2227-5035; Kumar, Kamal/0000-0002-3923-8740
FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1402231]; U.S. Department of Energy,
   Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX The work at UConn was supported by the National Science Foundation under
   Grant No. CBET-1402231. The work at LLNL was supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office (program managers
   Gurpreet Singh and Leo Breton) and performed under the auspices of the
   U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 32
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 8
U2 17
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
IS 5
BP 2272
EP 2285
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.01.025
PG 14
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CN6RI
UT WOS:000358561500055
ER

PT J
AU Li, SJ
   Sarathy, SM
   Davidson, DF
   Hanson, RK
   Westbrook, CK
AF Li, Sijie
   Sarathy, S. Mani
   Davidson, David F.
   Hanson, Ronald K.
   Westbrook, Charles K.
TI Shock tube and modeling study of 2,7-dimethyloctane pyrolysis and
   oxidation
SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME
LA English
DT Article
DE 2,7-Dimethyloctane; Ignition delay time; NTC region; Fuel time-history;
   Ethylene time-history
ID IGNITION DELAY TIMES; PRESSURE RATE RULES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;
   COMBUSTION; OCTANE; AUTOIGNITION; ISOMERS; ALKANES; HYDROCARBONS;
   MIXTURES
AB High molecular weight iso-paraffinic molecules are found in conventional petroleum, Fischer-Tropsch (FT), and other alternative hydrocarbon fuels, yet fundamental combustion studies on this class of compounds are lacking. In the present work, ignition delay time measurements in 2,7-dimethyloctane/air were carried out behind reflected shock waves using conventional and constrained reaction volume (CRV) methods. The ignition delay time measurements covered the temperature range 666-1216 K, pressure range 12-27 atm, and equivalence ratio of 0.5 and 1. The ignition delay time temperatures span the low-, intermediate- and high-temperature regimes for 2,7-dimethyloctane (2,7-DMO) oxidation. Clear evidence of negative temperature coefficient behavior was observed near 800 K. Fuel time-history measurements were also carried out in pyrolysis experiments in mixtures of 2000 ppm 2,7-DMO/argon at pressures near 16 and 35 atm, and in the temperature range of 1126-1455 K. Based on the fuel removal rates, the overall 2,7-DMO decomposition rate constant can be represented with k- 4.47 x 10(5) exp(-23.4[kcal/mol]/RT) ON. Ethylene time-history measurements in pyrolysis experiments at 16 atm are also provided. The current shock tube dataset was simulated using a novel chemical kinetic model for 2,7-DMO. The reaction mechanism includes comprehensive low- and high-temperature reaction classes with rate constants assigned using established rules. Comparisons between the simulated and experimental data show simulations reproduce the qualitative trends across the entire range of conditions tested. However, the present kinetic modeling simulations cannot quantitatively reproduce a number of experimental data points, and these are analyzed herein. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Li, Sijie; Davidson, David F.; Hanson, Ronald K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Sarathy, S. Mani] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Clean Combust Res Ctr, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia.
   [Westbrook, Charles K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Davidson, DF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RI Sarathy, S. Mani/M-5639-2015
OI Sarathy, S. Mani/0000-0002-3975-6206
FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research through AFOSR
   [FA9550-11-1-0217]; AFRL Integrated Product Team; Clean Combustion
   Research Center; Saudi Aramco under the FUELCOM; US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; US Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle
   Technologies
FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research
   through AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-11-1-0217, under the AFRL Integrated
   Product Team, with Dr. Chiping Li as contract monitor. The work at KAUST
   was funded by the Clean Combustion Research Center and by Saudi Aramco
   under the FUELCOM program. The LLNL work was performed under the
   auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was supported by the US
   Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies.
NR 45
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Z9 7
U1 3
U2 24
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-2180
EI 1556-2921
J9 COMBUST FLAME
JI Combust. Flame
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
IS 5
BP 2296
EP 2306
DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.01.027
PG 11
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
   Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CN6RI
UT WOS:000358561500057
ER

PT J
AU Burgsdorf, I
   Slaby, BM
   Handley, KM
   Haber, M
   Blom, J
   Marshall, CW
   Gilbert, JA
   Hentschel, U
   Steindler, L
AF Burgsdorf, Ilia
   Slaby, Beate M.
   Handley, Kim M.
   Haber, Markus
   Blom, Jochen
   Marshall, Christopher W.
   Gilbert, Jack A.
   Hentschel, Ute
   Steindler, Laura
TI Lifestyle Evolution in Cyanobacterial Symbionts of Sponges
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE SYNECHOCOCCUS STRAINS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; SINGLE-CELL; VERTICAL
   TRANSMISSION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SPACER
   SEQUENCES; GENOMIC ANALYSIS; WEB-SERVER; REVEALS
AB The "Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum" group includes different clades of cyanobacteria with high 16S rRNA sequence identity (similar to 99%) and is the most abundant and widespread cyanobacterial symbiont of marine sponges. The first draft genome of a "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" group member was recently published, providing evidence of genome reduction by loss of genes involved in several nonessential functions. However, "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" includes a variety of clades that may differ widely in genomic repertoire and consequently in physiology and symbiotic function. Here, we present three additional draft genomes of "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum," each from a different clade. By comparing all four symbiont genomes to those of free-living cyanobacteria, we revealed general adaptations to life inside sponges and specific adaptations of each phylotype. Symbiont genomes shared about half of their total number of coding genes. Common traits of "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" members were a high abundance of DNA modification and recombination genes and a reduction in genes involved in inorganic ion transport and metabolism, cell wall biogenesis, and signal transduction mechanisms. Moreover, these symbionts were characterized by a reduced number of antioxidant enzymes and low-weight peptides of photosystem II compared to their free-living relatives. Variability within the "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" group was mostly related to immune system features, potential for siderophore-mediated iron transport, and dependency on methionine from external sources. The common absence of genes involved in synthesis of residues, typical of the O antigen of free-living Synechococcus species, suggests a novel mechanism utilized by these symbionts to avoid sponge predation and phage attack.
   IMPORTANCE While the Synechococcus/Prochlorococcus-type cyanobacteria are widely distributed in the world's oceans, a subgroup has established its niche within marine sponge tissues. Recently, the first genome of sponge-associated cyanobacteria, " Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum," was described. The sequencing of three representatives of different clades within this cyanobacterial group has enabled us to investigate intraspecies diversity, as well as to give a more comprehensive understanding of the common symbiotic features that adapt "Ca. Synechococcus spongiarum" to its life within the sponge host.
C1 [Burgsdorf, Ilia; Haber, Markus; Steindler, Laura] Univ Haifa, Leon H Charney Sch Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biol, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel.
   [Slaby, Beate M.; Hentschel, Ute] Univ Wurzburg, Julius von Sachs Inst Biosci, Dept Bot 2, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany.
   [Handley, Kim M.; Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Blom, Jochen] Univ Giessen, Bioinformat & Syst Biol, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
   [Marshall, Christopher W.; Gilbert, Jack A.] Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack A.] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack A.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
RP Steindler, L (reprint author), Univ Haifa, Leon H Charney Sch Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biol, IL-31999 Haifa, Israel.
EM lsteindler@univ.haifa.ac.il
RI Hentschel, Ute/H-8343-2013; 
OI Hentschel, Ute/0000-0003-0596-790X; Slaby, Beate/0000-0002-9480-1460;
   Handley, Kim/0000-0003-0531-3009
FU USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation Young Investigator grant (BSF)
   [4161011]; DOE Joint Genome Institute grant [CSP 1291]; German
   Excellence Initiative; University of Chicago Research Computing Center
FX Support for this study was provided by a USA-Israel Binational Science
   Foundation Young Investigator grant (BSF no. 4161011) to L.S. and a DOE
   Joint Genome Institute grant (CSP 1291) to U.H.; B.M.S. was supported by
   a grant of the German Excellence Initiative to the Graduate School of
   Life Sciences, University of Wurzburg.; L.S. thanks Steve Giovannoni for
   productive discussions and useful suggestions during the project and the
   staff of the Inter-University Institute in Eilat, Israel, for their
   assistance. Sequencing was conducted at the Institute for Genomics and
   Systems Biology's Next Generation Sequencing Core (IGSB-NGS, ANL) and at
   the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) in Walnut Creek, California, USA. We
   thank Tanja Woyke and Frederic Partensky for helpful discussions and
   advice. We also acknowledge the University of Chicago Research Computing
   Center for their support. Elena Burgsdorf is thanked for assistance with
   graphical design of figures.
NR 84
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Z9 9
U1 7
U2 28
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
AR e00391-15
DI 10.1128/mBio.00391-15
PG 14
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CM7JH
UT WOS:000357867400027
PM 26037118
ER

PT J
AU He, SM
   Malfatti, SA
   McFarland, JW
   Anderson, FE
   Pati, A
   Huntemann, M
   Tremblay, J
   del Rio, TG
   Waldrop, MP
   Windham-Myers, L
   Tringe, SG
AF He, Shaomei
   Malfatti, Stephanie A.
   McFarland, Jack W.
   Anderson, Frank E.
   Pati, Amrita
   Huntemann, Marcel
   Tremblay, Julien
   del Rio, Tijana Glavina
   Waldrop, Mark P.
   Windham-Myers, Lisamarie
   Tringe, Susannah G.
TI Patterns in Wetland Microbial Community Composition and Functional Gene
   Repertoire Associated with Methane Emissions
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID SAN-JOAQUIN DELTA; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA;
   PLANT COMMUNITY; SP. NOV.; CARBON; OXIDATION; SOIL; METHANOTROPHS;
   SACRAMENTO
AB Wetland restoration on peat islands previously drained for agriculture has potential to reverse land subsidence and sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide as peat accretes. However, the emission of methane could potentially offset the greenhouse gas benefits of captured carbon. As microbial communities play a key role in governing wetland greenhouse gas fluxes, we are interested in how microbial community composition and functions are associated with wetland hydrology, biogeochemistry, and methane emission, which is critical to modeling the microbial component in wetland methane fluxes and to managing restoration projects for maximal carbon sequestration. Here, we couple sequence-based methods with biogeochemical and greenhouse gas measurements to interrogate microbial communities from a pilot-scale restored wetland in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, revealing considerable spatial heterogeneity even within this relatively small site. A number of microbial populations and functions showed strong correlations with electron acceptor availability and methane production; some also showed a preference for association with plant roots. Marker gene phylogenies revealed a diversity of major methane-producing and -consuming populations and suggested novel diversity within methanotrophs. Methanogenic archaea were observed in all samples, as were nitrate-, sulfate-, and metal-reducing bacteria, indicating that no single terminal electron acceptor was preferred despite differences in energetic favorability and suggesting spatial microheterogeneity and microniches. Notably, methanogens were negatively correlated with nitrate-, sulfate-, and metal-reducing bacteria and were most abundant at sampling sites with high peat accretion and low electron acceptor availability, where methane production was highest.
   IMPORTANCE Wetlands are the largest nonanthropogenic source of atmospheric methane but also a key global carbon reservoir. Characterizing belowground microbial communities that mediate carbon cycling in wetlands is critical to accurately predicting their responses to changes in land management and climate. Here, we studied a restored wetland and revealed substantial spatial heterogeneity in biogeochemistry, methane production, and microbial communities, largely associated with the wetland hydraulic design. We observed patterns in microbial community composition and functions correlated with biogeochemistry and methane production, including diverse microorganisms involved in methane production and consumption. We found that methanogenesis gene abundance is inversely correlated with genes from pathways exploiting other electron acceptors, yet the ubiquitous presence of genes from all these pathways suggests that diverse electron acceptors contribute to the energetic balance of the ecosystem. These investigations represent an important step toward effective management of wetlands to reduce methane flux to the atmosphere and enhance belowground carbon storage.
C1 [He, Shaomei; Malfatti, Stephanie A.; Pati, Amrita; Huntemann, Marcel; Tremblay, Julien; del Rio, Tijana Glavina; Tringe, Susannah G.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA.
   [McFarland, Jack W.; Anderson, Frank E.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Windham-Myers, Lisamarie] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Malfatti, Stephanie A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
RP Tringe, SG (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA.
EM sgtringe@lbl.gov
OI Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427; Waldrop, Mark/0000-0003-1829-7140
FU DOE Early Career Research Program [KP/CH57/1]; DOE JGI Community
   Sequencing Program; USGS Climate and Land Use Change Program; Office of
   Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This project was funded by the DOE Early Career Research Program, grant
   no. KP/CH57/1; the DOE JGI Community Sequencing Program; and the USGS
   Climate and Land Use Change Program. The work conducted by the U.S.
   Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office
   of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 69
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 12
U2 64
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
AR e00066-15
DI 10.1128/mBio.00066-15
PG 15
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CM7JH
UT WOS:000357867400002
PM 25991679
ER

PT J
AU Melnyk, RA
   Youngblut, MD
   Clark, IC
   Carlson, HK
   Wetmore, KM
   Price, MN
   Iavarone, AT
   Deutschbauer, AM
   Arkin, AP
   Coates, JD
AF Melnyk, Ryan A.
   Youngblut, Matthew D.
   Clark, Iain C.
   Carlson, Hans K.
   Wetmore, Kelly M.
   Price, Morgan N.
   Iavarone, Anthony T.
   Deutschbauer, Adam M.
   Arkin, Adam P.
   Coates, John D.
TI Novel Mechanism for Scavenging of Hypochlorite Involving a Periplasmic
   Methionine-Rich Peptide and Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDATIVE STRESS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; REACTIVE
   CHLORINE; PERCHLORATE REDUCTION; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION;
   METABOLISM; DISMUTASE
AB Reactive chlorine species (RCS) defense mechanisms are important for bacterial fitness in diverse environments. In addition to the anthropogenic use of RCS in the form of bleach, these compounds are also produced naturally through photochemical reactions of natural organic matter and in vivo by the mammalian immune system in response to invading microorganisms. To gain insight into bacterial RCS defense mechanisms, we investigated Azospira suillum strain PS, which produces periplasmic RCS as an intermediate of perchlorate respiration. Our studies identified an RCS response involving an RCS stress-sensing sigma/anti-sigma factor system (SigF/NrsF), a soluble hypochlorite-scavenging methionine-rich periplasmic protein (MrpX), and a putative periplasmic methionine sulfoxide reductase (YedY1). We investigated the underlying mechanism by phenotypic characterization of appropriate gene deletions, chemogenomic profiling of barcoded transposon pools, transcriptome sequencing, and biochemical assessment of methionine oxidation. Our results demonstrated that SigF was specifically activated by RCS and initiated the transcription of a small regulon centering around yedY1 and mrpX. A yedY1 paralog (yedY2) was found to have a similar fitness to yedY1 despite not being regulated by SigF. Markerless deletions of yedY2 confirmed its synergy with the SigF regulon. MrpX was strongly induced and rapidly oxidized by RCS, especially hypochlorite. Our results suggest a mechanism involving hypochlorite scavenging by sacrificial oxidation of the MrpX in the periplasm. Reduced MrpX is regenerated by the YedY methionine sulfoxide reductase activity. The phylogenomic distribution of this system revealed conservation in several Proteobacteria of clinical importance, including uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Brucella spp., implying a putative role in immune response evasion in vivo.
   IMPORTANCE Bacteria are often stressed in the environment by reactive chlorine species (RCS) of either anthropogenic or natural origin, but little is known of the defense mechanisms they have evolved. Using a microorganism that generates RCS internally as part of its respiratory process allowed us to uncover a novel defense mechanism based on RCS scavenging by reductive reaction with a sacrificial methionine-rich peptide and redox recycling through a methionine sulfoxide reductase. This system is conserved in a broad diversity of organisms, including some of clinical importance, invoking a possible important role in innate immune system evasion.
C1 [Melnyk, Ryan A.; Youngblut, Matthew D.; Clark, Iain C.; Carlson, Hans K.; Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy Biosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Melnyk, Ryan A.; Youngblut, Matthew D.; Clark, Iain C.; Carlson, Hans K.; Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Melnyk, Ryan A.; Youngblut, Matthew D.; Clark, Iain C.; Carlson, Hans K.; Coates, John D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [Iavarone, Anthony T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem Mass Spectrometry Fac QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Coates, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy Biosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jdcoates@berkeley.edu
RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008
OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931
FU Energy Biosciences Institute; Philomathia graduate student fellowship;
   NIH [S10RR029668, S10RR027303]
FX Work on perchlorate and reactive chlorine species in the laboratory of
   J.D.C. is funded via the Energy Biosciences Institute. R.A.M. would also
   like to acknowledge financial support from a Philomathia graduate
   student fellowship. This work used the Vincent J. Coates Genomics
   Sequencing Laboratory at UC Berkeley, supported by NIH S10
   Instrumentation grants S10RR029668 and S10RR027303. Computational
   analyses were carried out at the Computational Genomics Resource
   Laboratory, which is part of the California Institute for Quantitative
   Biosciences.
NR 42
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
AR e00233-15
DI 10.1128/mBio.00233-15
PG 8
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CM7JH
UT WOS:000357867400011
PM 25968643
ER

PT J
AU Murfin, KE
   Lee, MM
   Klassen, JL
   McDonald, BR
   Larget, B
   Forst, S
   Stock, SP
   Currie, CR
   Goodrich-Blair, H
AF Murfin, Kristen E.
   Lee, Ming-Min
   Klassen, Jonathan L.
   McDonald, Bradon R.
   Larget, Bret
   Forst, Steven
   Stock, S. Patricia
   Currie, Cameron R.
   Goodrich-Blair, Heidi
TI Xenorhabdus bovienii Strain Diversity Impacts Coevolution and Symbiotic
   Maintenance with Steinernema spp. Nematode Hosts
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC
   NEMATODES; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; MUTUALISTIC ASSOCIATION;
   GAMMA-PROTEOBACTERIA; SEPIOLID SQUID; GENE-CLUSTER; NEMATOPHILA;
   CARPOCAPSAE
AB Microbial symbionts provide benefits that contribute to the ecology and fitness of host plants and animals. Therefore, the evolutionary success of plants and animals fundamentally depends on long-term maintenance of beneficial associations. Most work investigating coevolution and symbiotic maintenance has focused on species-level associations, and studies are lacking that assess the impact of bacterial strain diversity on symbiotic associations within a coevolutionary framework. Here, we demonstrate that fitness in mutualism varies depending on bacterial strain identity, and this is consistent with variation shaping phylogenetic patterns and maintenance through fitness benefits. Through genome sequencing of nine bacterial symbiont strains and cophylogenetic analysis, we demonstrate diversity among Xenorhabdus bovienii bacteria. Further, we identified cocladogenesis between Steinernema feltiae nematode hosts and their corresponding X. bovienii symbiont strains, indicating potential specificity within the association. To test the specificity, we performed laboratory crosses of nematode hosts with native and nonnative symbiont strains, which revealed that combinations with the native bacterial symbiont and closely related strains performed significantly better than those with more divergent symbionts. Through genomic analyses we also defined potential factors contributing to specificity between nematode hosts and bacterial symbionts. These results suggest that strainlevel diversity (e.g., subspecies-level differences) in microbial symbionts can drive variation in the success of host-microbe associations, and this suggests that these differences in symbiotic success could contribute to maintenance of the symbiosis over an evolutionary time scale.
   IMPORTANCE Beneficial symbioses between microbes and plant or animal hosts are ubiquitous, and in these associations, microbial symbionts provide key benefits to their hosts. As such, host success is fundamentally dependent on long-term maintenance of beneficial associations. Prolonged association between partners in evolutionary time is expected to result in interactions in which only specific partners can fully support symbiosis. The contribution of bacterial strain diversity on specificity and coevolution in a beneficial symbiosis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that strain-level differences in fitness benefits occur in beneficial host-microbe interactions, and this variation likely shapes phylogenetic patterns and symbiotic maintenance. This highlights that symbiont contributions to host biology can vary significantly based on very-fine-scale differences among members of a microbial species. Further, this work emphasizes the need for greater phylogenetic resolution when considering the causes and consequences of host-microbe interactions.
C1 [Murfin, Kristen E.; Klassen, Jonathan L.; McDonald, Bradon R.; Currie, Cameron R.; Goodrich-Blair, Heidi] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Lee, Ming-Min; Stock, S. Patricia] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [McDonald, Bradon R.; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA.
   [Larget, Bret] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Larget, Bret] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI USA.
   [Forst, Steven] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
RP Goodrich-Blair, H (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM hgblair@bact.wisc.edu
OI Klassen, Jonathan/0000-0003-1745-8838
FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0920631, IOS-0919912, IOS-0919565];
   National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Research Service award [T32
   AI55397]; Louis and Elsa Thomsen Distinguished Predoctoral Fellowship;
   NIH National Research Service Award [T32 GM07215]; Department of Energy
   Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER
   DE-FC02-07ER64494]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of
   Canada (NSERC Canada)
FX This study was supported by a collaborative grant from the National
   Science Foundation to H.G.-B. (IOS-0920631), S.F. (IOS-0919912), and
   S.P.S. (IOS-0919565). K.E.M. was also supported by the National
   Institutes of Health (NIH) National Research Service award T32 AI55397
   and a Louis and Elsa Thomsen Distinguished Predoctoral Fellowship.
   B.R.M. was supported by NIH National Research Service Award T32 GM07215
   and the Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE
   Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). J.L.K. was supported by a
   National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC
   Canada) postdoctoral fellowship.
NR 68
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 6
U2 28
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
AR e00076-15
DI 10.1128/mBio.00076-15
PG 10
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CM7JH
UT WOS:000357867400004
PM 26045536
ER

PT J
AU Smith, MB
   Rocha, AM
   Smillie, CS
   Olesen, SW
   Paradis, C
   Wu, LY
   Campbell, JH
   Fortney, JL
   Mehlhorn, TL
   Lowe, KA
   Earles, JE
   Phillips, J
   Techtmann, SM
   Joyner, DC
   Elias, DA
   Bailey, KL
   Hurt, RA
   Preheim, SP
   Sanders, MC
   Yang, J
   Mueller, MA
   Brooks, S
   Watson, DB
   Zhang, P
   He, ZL
   Dubinsky, EA
   Adams, PD
   Arkin, AP
   Fields, MW
   Zhou, JZ
   Alm, EJ
   Hazen, TC
AF Smith, Mark B.
   Rocha, Andrea M.
   Smillie, Chris S.
   Olesen, Scott W.
   Paradis, Charles
   Wu, Liyou
   Campbell, James H.
   Fortney, Julian L.
   Mehlhorn, Tonia L.
   Lowe, Kenneth A.
   Earles, Jennifer E.
   Phillips, Jana
   Techtmann, Steve M.
   Joyner, Dominique C.
   Elias, Dwayne A.
   Bailey, Kathryn L.
   Hurt, Richard A., Jr.
   Preheim, Sarah P.
   Sanders, Matthew C.
   Yang, Joy
   Mueller, Marcella A.
   Brooks, Scott
   Watson, David B.
   Zhang, Ping
   He, Zhili
   Dubinsky, Eric A.
   Adams, Paul D.
   Arkin, Adam P.
   Fields, Matthew W.
   Zhou, Jizhong
   Alm, Eric J.
   Hazen, Terry C.
TI Natural Bacterial Communities Serve as Quantitative Geochemical
   Biosensors
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; MICROBIAL BIOSENSORS;
   DEGRADING BACTERIA; DATABASE; ECOLOGY; WATER; SOIL
AB Biological sensors can be engineered to measure a wide range of environmental conditions. Here we show that statistical analysis of DNA from natural microbial communities can be used to accurately identify environmental contaminants, including uranium and nitrate at a nuclear waste site. In addition to contamination, sequence data from the 16S rRNA gene alone can quantitatively predict a rich catalogue of 26 geochemical features collected from 93 wells with highly differing geochemistry characteristics. We extend this approach to identify sites contaminated with hydrocarbons from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, finding that altered bacterial communities encode a memory of prior contamination, even after the contaminants themselves have been fully degraded. We show that the bacterial strains that are most useful for detecting oil and uranium are known to interact with these substrates, indicating that this statistical approach uncovers ecologically meaningful interactions consistent with previous experimental observations. Future efforts should focus on evaluating the geographical generalizability of these associations. Taken as a whole, these results indicate that ubiquitous, natural bacterial communities can be used as in situ environmental sensors that respond to and capture perturbations caused by human impacts. These in situ biosensors rely on environmental selection rather than directed engineering, and so this approach could be rapidly deployed and scaled as sequencing technology continues to become faster, simpler, and less expensive.
   IMPORTANCE Here we show that DNA from natural bacterial communities can be used as a quantitative biosensor to accurately distinguish unpolluted sites from those contaminated with uranium, nitrate, or oil. These results indicate that bacterial communities can be used as environmental sensors that respond to and capture perturbations caused by human impacts.
C1 [Smith, Mark B.; Alm, Eric J.] MIT, Microbiol Grad Program, Cambridge, MA USA.
   [Rocha, Andrea M.; Campbell, James H.; Elias, Dwayne A.; Bailey, Kathryn L.; Hurt, Richard A., Jr.; Hazen, Terry C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Smillie, Chris S.; Yang, Joy; Alm, Eric J.] MIT, Computat & Syst Biol Initiat, Cambridge, MA USA.
   [Olesen, Scott W.; Preheim, Sarah P.; Sanders, Matthew C.; Alm, Eric J.] MIT, Biol Engn Dept, Cambridge, MA USA.
   [Paradis, Charles; Hazen, Terry C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA.
   [Wu, Liyou; Zhang, Ping; He, Zhili; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Microbiol & Plant Biol, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Fortney, Julian L.; Techtmann, Steve M.; Joyner, Dominique C.; Hazen, Terry C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN USA.
   [Mehlhorn, Tonia L.; Lowe, Kenneth A.; Earles, Jennifer E.; Phillips, Jana; Mueller, Marcella A.; Brooks, Scott; Watson, David B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Dubinsky, Eric A.; Adams, Paul D.; Arkin, Adam P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA.
   [Hazen, Terry C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN USA.
   [Adams, Paul D.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Campbell, James H.] NW Missouri State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Maryville, MO 64468 USA.
RP Hazen, TC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM tchazen@utk.edu
RI Watson, David/C-3256-2016; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; Arkin,
   Adam/A-6751-2008; Dubinsky, Eric/D-3787-2015; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012; 
OI Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219;
   Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Dubinsky, Eric/0000-0002-9420-6661;
   Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993; Rocha, Andrea M./0000-0002-8471-9463
FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological & Environmental
   Research; National Science Foundation [0821391]; ENIGMA-Ecosystems and
   Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies a Scientific
   Focus Area Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This material by ENIGMA-Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes
   and Molecular Assemblies (http://enigma.lbl.gov)-a Scientific Focus Area
   Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number
   DE-AC02-05CH11231 and funded in part by Oak Ridge National Laboratory
   under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, is based upon work supported by the
   U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological &
   Environmental Research, and using computing resources partly supported
   by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0821391 to
   Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
NR 41
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 6
U2 41
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
AR e00326-15
DI 10.1128/mBio.00326-15
PG 13
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CM7JH
UT WOS:000357867400020
PM 25968645
ER

PT J
AU Wetmore, KM
   Price, MN
   Waters, RJ
   Lamson, JS
   He, J
   Hoover, CA
   Blow, MJ
   Bristow, J
   Butland, G
   Arkin, AP
   Deutschbauer, A
AF Wetmore, Kelly M.
   Price, Morgan N.
   Waters, Robert J.
   Lamson, Jacob S.
   He, Jennifer
   Hoover, Cindi A.
   Blow, Matthew J.
   Bristow, James
   Butland, Gareth
   Arkin, Adam P.
   Deutschbauer, Adam
TI Rapid Quantification of Mutant Fitness in Diverse Bacteria by Sequencing
   Randomly Bar-Coded Transposons
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; GENOME; MICROORGANISMS; SYSTEMS;
   IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS; LIBRARIES; ALIGNMENT; PATHOGEN
AB Transposon mutagenesis with next-generation sequencing (TnSeq) is a powerful approach to annotate gene function in bacteria, but existing protocols for TnSeq require laborious preparation of every sample before sequencing. Thus, the existing protocols are not amenable to the throughput necessary to identify phenotypes and functions for the majority of genes in diverse bacteria. Here, we present a method, random bar code transposon-site sequencing (RB-TnSeq), which increases the throughput of mutant fitness profiling by incorporating random DNA bar codes into Tn5 and mariner transposons and by using bar code sequencing (BarSeq) to assay mutant fitness. RB-TnSeq can be used with any transposon, and TnSeq is performed once per organism instead of once per sample. Each BarSeq assay requires only a simple PCR, and 48 to 96 samples can be sequenced on one lane of an Illumina HiSeq system. We demonstrate the reproducibility and biological significance of RB-TnSeq with Escherichia coli, Phaeobacter inhibens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Shewanella amazonensis, and Shewanella oneidensis. To demonstrate the increased throughput of RB-TnSeq, we performed 387 successful genome-wide mutant fitness assays representing 130 different bacterium-carbon source combinations and identified 5,196 genes with significant phenotypes across the five bacteria. In P. inhibens, we used our mutant fitness data to identify genes important for the utilization of diverse carbon substrates, including a putative D-mannose isomerase that is required for mannitol catabolism. RB-TnSeq will enable the cost-effective functional annotation of diverse bacteria using mutant fitness profiling.
   IMPORTANCE A large challenge in microbiology is the functional assessment of the millions of uncharacterized genes identified by genome sequencing. Transposon mutagenesis coupled to next-generation sequencing (TnSeq) is a powerful approach to assign phenotypes and functions to genes. However, the current strategies for TnSeq are too laborious to be applied to hundreds of experimental conditions across multiple bacteria. Here, we describe an approach, random bar code transposon-site sequencing (RB-TnSeq), which greatly simplifies the measurement of gene fitness by using bar code sequencing (BarSeq) to monitor the abundance of mutants. We performed 387 genome-wide fitness assays across five bacteria and identified phenotypes for over 5,000 genes. RB-TnSeq can be applied to diverse bacteria and is a powerful tool to annotate uncharacterized genes using phenotype data.
C1 [Wetmore, Kelly M.; Price, Morgan N.; Lamson, Jacob S.; Arkin, Adam P.; Deutschbauer, Adam] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Waters, Robert J.; Hoover, Cindi A.; Blow, Matthew J.; Bristow, James] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA.
   [He, Jennifer; Butland, Gareth] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [He, Jennifer; Butland, Gareth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Arkin, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM aparkin@lbl.gov; amdeutschbauer@lbl.gov
RI Blow, Matthew/G-6369-2012; Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008
OI Blow, Matthew/0000-0002-8844-9149; Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931
FU ENIGMA; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Berkeley
   Lab, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Community Science Project from the Joint Genome
   Institute; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX RB-TnSeq development was funded by ENIGMA. The work conducted by ENIGMA
   was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The P. inhibens, E. coli, and S. amazonensis BarSeq
   mutant fitness data were supported by Laboratory Directed Research and
   Development (LDRD) funding from Berkeley Lab, provided by the Director,
   Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract
   DE-AC02-05CH11231 and a Community Science Project from the Joint Genome
   Institute to M.J.B., J.B., A. P. A., and A.D. The work conducted by the
   U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of
   Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 38
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 6
U2 25
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
AR e00306-15
DI 10.1128/mBio.00306-15
PG 15
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CM7JH
UT WOS:000357867400017
PM 25968644
ER

PT J
AU Xue, H
   Cordero, OX
   Camas, FM
   Trimble, W
   Meyer, F
   Guglielmini, J
   Rocha, EPC
   Polz, MF
AF Xue, Hong
   Cordero, Otto X.
   Camas, Francisco M.
   Trimble, William
   Meyer, Folker
   Guglielmini, Julien
   Rocha, Eduardo P. C.
   Polz, Martin F.
TI Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics of Episomes among Ecologically Cohesive
   Bacterial Populations
SO MBIO
LA English
DT Article
ID MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS;
   RESISTANCE PLASMID; ORTHOLOG GROUPS; IDENTIFICATION; VIBRIONACEAE;
   VIRULENCE; SYSTEMS; BACTERIOPLANKTON
AB Although plasmids and other episomes are recognized as key players in horizontal gene transfer among microbes, their diversity and dynamics among ecologically structured host populations in the wild remain poorly understood. Here, we show that natural populations of marine Vibrionaceae bacteria host large numbers of families of episomes, consisting of plasmids and a surprisingly high fraction of plasmid-like temperate phages. Episomes are unevenly distributed among host populations, and contrary to the notion that high-density communities in biofilms act as hot spots of gene transfer, we identified a strong bias for episomes to occur in free-living as opposed to particle-attached cells. Mapping of episomal families onto host phylogeny shows that, with the exception of all phage and a few plasmid families, most are of recent evolutionary origin and appear to have spread rapidly by horizontal transfer. Such high eco-evolutionary turnover is particularly surprising for plasmids that are, based on previously suggested categorization, putatively nontransmissible, indicating that this type of plasmid is indeed frequently transferred by currently unknown mechanisms. Finally, analysis of recent gene transfer among plasmids reveals a network of extensive exchange connecting nearly all episomes. Genes functioning in plasmid transfer and maintenance are frequently exchanged, suggesting that plasmids can be rapidly transformed from one category to another. The broad distribution of episomes among distantly related hosts and the observed promiscuous recombination patterns show how episomes can offer their hosts rapid assembly and dissemination of novel functions.
   IMPORTANCE Plasmids and other episomes are an integral part of bacterial biology in all environments, yet their study is heavily biased toward their role as vectors for antibiotic resistance genes. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of all episomes within several coexisting bacterial populations of Vibrionaceae from the coastal ocean and represents the largest-yet genomic survey of episomes from a single bacterial family. The host population framework allows analysis of the eco-evolutionary dynamics at unprecedented resolution, yielding several unexpected results. These include (i) discovery of novel, nonintegrative temperate phages, (ii) revision of a class of episomes, previously termed "nontransmissible," as highly transmissible, and (iii) surprisingly high evolutionary turnover of episomes, manifest as frequent birth, spread, and loss.
C1 [Xue, Hong; Polz, Martin F.] MIT, Parsons Lab Environm Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Cordero, Otto X.] ETH, Dept Environm Syst Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Camas, Francisco M.] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Trimble, William; Meyer, Folker] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Guglielmini, Julien; Rocha, Eduardo P. C.] Inst Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genom, Paris, France.
   [Guglielmini, Julien; Rocha, Eduardo P. C.] CNRS, UMR3525, Paris, France.
RP Polz, MF (reprint author), MIT, Parsons Lab Environm Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM mpolz@mit.edu
RI Rocha, Eduardo/B-7009-2009; Guglielmini, Julien/E-8029-2011; 
OI Rocha, Eduardo/0000-0001-7704-822X; Guglielmini,
   Julien/0000-0002-8566-1726; /0000-0001-9296-3733; Trimble, William
   L./0000-0001-7029-2676
FU National Science Foundation
FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation
   Biological Oceanography Program.
NR 66
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 11
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 2150-7511
J9 MBIO
JI mBio
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
AR e00552-15
DI 10.1128/mBio.00552-15
PG 10
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CM7JH
UT WOS:000357867400047
PM 25944863
ER

PT J
AU Attalah, S
   Waller, PM
   Khawam, G
   Ryan, RD
   Huesemann, MH
AF Attalah, S.
   Waller, P. M.
   Khawam, G.
   Ryan, R. D.
   Huesemann, M. H.
TI ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY OF THE HIGH VELOCITY ALGAE RACEWAY INTEGRATED DESIGN
   (ARID-HV)
SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE
LA English
DT Article
DE ARID; ARID-HV; Algae; Chlorella; Energy; Pumps; Raceway; Simulation
ID SHALLOW OUTDOOR FLUME; PHOTOBIOREACTORS; MODEL
AB The original Algae Raceway Integrated Design (ARID) raceway was an effective method to increase algae culture temperature in open raceways. However, the energy input was high and flow mixing was poor. Thus, the High Velocity Algae Raceway Integrated Design (ARID-HV) raceway was developed to reduce energy input requirements and improve flow mixing in a serpentine flow path. A prototype ARID-HV system was installed in Tucson, Arizona. Based on algae growth simulation and hydraulic analysis, an optimal ARID-HV raceway was designed, and the electrical energy input requirement (kWh hd(-1) d(-1)) was calculated. An algae growth model was used to compare the productivity of ARID-HV and conventional raceways. The model uses a pond surface energy balance to calculate water temperature as a function of environmental parameters. Algae growth and biomass loss are calculated based on rate constants during day and night, respectively. A 10 year simulation of DOE strain 1412 (Chlorella sorokiniana) showed that the ARID-HV raceway had significantly higher production than a conventional raceway for all months of the year in Tucson, Arizona. It should be noted that this difference is species and climate specific and is not observed in other climates and with Other algae species. The algae growth model results and electrical energy input evaluation were used to compare the energy productivity (algae production rate/energy input) of the ARID-HV and conventional raceways for Chlorella sorokiniana in Tucson, Arizona. The energy productivity of the ARID-HV raceway was significantly greater than the energy productivity of a conventional raceway for all months of the year.
C1 [Attalah, S.; Waller, P. M.; Khawam, G.] Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Ryan, R. D.] Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, Arizona Agr Expt Stn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Huesemann, M. H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Coastal Biogeochem Grp, Sequim, WA USA.
RP Attalah, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 1177 E 4th St Shantz 403, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM sattalah@email.arizona.edu
OI Waller, Peter/0000-0002-1696-3800
FU Science Foundation Arizona (SEA); United States Department of Energy
   (DOE); National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bio-products (NAABB);
   Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation (AZCATI); University
   of Arizona, College of Agriculture
FX The authors wish to thank Science Foundation Arizona (SEA), United
   States Department of Energy (DOE), National Alliance for Advanced
   Biofuels and Bio-products (NAABB), Arizona Center for Algae Technology
   and Innovation (AZCATI), and the University of Arizona, College of
   Agriculture, for supporting this work.
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS
PI ST JOSEPH
PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA
SN 0883-8542
EI 1943-7838
J9 APPL ENG AGRIC
JI Appl. Eng. Agric.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 3
BP 365
EP 375
PG 11
WC Agricultural Engineering
SC Agriculture
GA CM3AR
UT WOS:000357554000004
ER

PT J
AU Moreschini, L
   Autes, G
   Crepaldi, A
   Moser, S
   Johannsen, JC
   Kim, KS
   Berger, H
   Bugnon, P
   Magrez, A
   Denlinger, J
   Rotenberg, E
   Bostwick, A
   Yazyev, OV
   Grioni, M
AF Moreschini, L.
   Autes, G.
   Crepaldi, A.
   Moser, S.
   Johannsen, J. C.
   Kim, K. S.
   Berger, H.
   Bugnon, Ph.
   Magrez, A.
   Denlinger, J.
   Rotenberg, E.
   Bostwick, A.
   Yazyev, O. V.
   Grioni, M.
TI Bulk and surface band structure of the new family of semiconductors
   BiTeX (X=I, Br, Cl)
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article
DE Rashba states; Spin-orbit splitting; Tellurohalides; Angle-resolved
   photoemission
AB We present an overview of the new family of semiconductors BiTeX (X = I, Br, Cl) from the perspective of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The strong band bending occurring at the surface potentially endows them with a large flexibility, as they are capable of hosting both hole and electron conduction, and can be modified by inclusion or adsorption of foreign atoms. In addition, their trigonal crystal structure lacks a center of symmetry and allows for both bulk and surface spin-split bands at the Fermi level. We elucidate analogies and differences among the three materials, also in the light of recent theoretical and experimental work. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Moreschini, L.; Moser, S.; Kim, K. S.; Denlinger, J.; Rotenberg, E.; Bostwick, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Autes, G.; Yazyev, O. V.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Crepaldi, A.; Moser, S.; Johannsen, J. C.; Berger, H.; Bugnon, Ph.; Magrez, A.; Grioni, M.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Condensed Matter Phys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Kim, K. S.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
   [Kim, K. S.] Inst for Basic Sci Korea, Ctr Artificial Low Dimens Elect Syst, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
RP Moreschini, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM lmoreschini@lbl.gov
RI Yazyev, Oleg/A-4073-2008; EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016; Rotenberg,
   Eli/B-3700-2009
OI Yazyev, Oleg/0000-0001-7281-3199; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844
FU Swiss NSF [PP00P2-133552, PA00P21-36420]; Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) [s515]
FX We acknowledge support by the Swiss NSF, namely through grants No.
   PP00P2-133552 (G.A. and O.V.Y) and PA00P21-36420 (L.M.). We thank
   Yeongkwan Kim and Beomyoung Kim for technical support on Merlin. The
   Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Electronic structure calculations have
   been performed at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under
   project s515.
NR 42
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 6
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0368-2048
EI 1873-2526
J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC
JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 201
SI SI
BP 115
EP 120
DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2014.11.004
PG 6
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA CM7XJ
UT WOS:000357909500021
ER

PT J
AU Shanavas, KV
AF Shanavas, K. V.
TI Overview of theoretical studies of Rashba effect in polar perovskite
   surfaces
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article
DE Rashba; First-principles; DFT; Tight-binding; Polar perovskites
ID INTERFACES; PLANE
AB Theoretical studies with the help of first-principles electronic structure calculations and tight-binding based Hamiltonian models aimed to understand the Rashba effect in the 2D electron gas at the surfaces and interfaces of polar perovskite oxides are discussed. First-principles calculations on a slab of KTaO3 show that the spin-splitting is orbital dependent and is greatly suppressed by the lattice relaxation close to the surface. However, the electron gas is amenable to tuning by external potentials perpendicular to the surface and can be used to control Rashba splitting. Construction of a minimal model Hamiltonian to study d orbitals under uniform electric field is explained. The potential introduces new matrix elements between orbitals by breaking the symmetry and distorting the lattice. When coupled with spin orbit interaction, this results in lifting the spin degeneracy. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Shanavas, K. V.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   [Shanavas, K. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Shanavas, KV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM kavungalvees@ornl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-00ER45818]; DOE, Basic Energy
   Sciences, Material Sciences and Engineering Division
FX The work done at MU was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
   through Grant No. DE-FG02-00ER45818. The work at ORNL was supported by
   DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Material Sciences and Engineering Division.
   The author wish to thank Sashi Satpathy and David Parker for useful
   discussions.
NR 30
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0368-2048
EI 1873-2526
J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC
JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 201
SI SI
BP 121
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2014.08.005
PG 6
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA CM7XJ
UT WOS:000357909500022
ER

PT J
AU de Soria-Santacruz, M
   Li, W
   Thorne, RM
   Ma, Q
   Bortnik, J
   Ni, B
   Kletzing, CA
   Kurth, WS
   Hospodarsky, GB
   Spence, HE
   Reeves, GD
   Blake, JB
   Fennell, JF
AF de Soria-Santacruz, M.
   Li, W.
   Thorne, R. M.
   Ma, Q.
   Bortnik, J.
   Ni, B.
   Kletzing, C. A.
   Kurth, W. S.
   Hospodarsky, G. B.
   Spence, H. E.
   Reeves, G. D.
   Blake, J. B.
   Fennell, J. F.
TI Analysis of plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes inferred from
   low-altitude POES electron data: Technique sensitivity analysis
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISCRETE CHORUS EMISSIONS; RADIATION BELT; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS;
   PROPAGATION ANALYSIS; RESONANT SCATTERING; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION;
   PARTICLE; ORIGIN; MODEL
AB A novel technique capable of inferring wave amplitudes from low-altitude electron measurements from the Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) spacecraft has been previously proposed to construct a global dynamic model of chorus and plasmaspheric hiss waves. In this paper we focus on plasmaspheric hiss, which is an incoherent broadband emission that plays a dominant role in the loss of energetic electrons from the inner magnetosphere. We analyze the sensitivity of the POES technique to different inputs used to infer the hiss wave amplitudes during three conjunction events with the Van Allen Probes. These amplitudes are calculated with different input models of the plasma density, wave frequency spectrum, and electron energy spectrum, and the results are compared to the wave observations from the twin Van Allen Probes. Only one parameter is varied at a time in order to isolate its effect on the output, while the two other inputs are set to the values observed by the Van Allen Probes. The results show that the predicted hiss amplitudes are most sensitive to the adopted frequency spectrum, followed by the plasma density, but they are not very sensitive to the electron energy spectrum. Moreover, the standard Gaussian representation of the wave frequency spectrum (centered at 550 Hz) peaks at frequencies that are much higher than those observed in individual cases as well as in statistical wave distributions, which produces large overestimates of the hiss wave amplitude. For this reason, a realistic statistical model of the wave frequency spectrum should be used in the POES technique to infer the plasmaspheric hiss wave intensity rather than a standard Gaussian distribution, since the former better reproduces the observed plasmaspheric hiss wave amplitudes.
C1 [de Soria-Santacruz, M.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [de Soria-Santacruz, M.; Li, W.; Thorne, R. M.; Ma, Q.; Bortnik, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Ni, B.] Wuhan Univ, Sch Elect Informat, Dept Space Phys, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.
   [Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
   [Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Blake, J. B.; Fennell, J. F.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA.
RP de Soria-Santacruz, M (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM mdesoria@atmos.ucla.edu
RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; 
OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Kletzing,
   Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Ma, Qianli/0000-0001-5452-4756; Kurth,
   William/0000-0002-5471-6202; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878
FU University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR); JHU/APL under
   NASA [967399, 921647, NAS5-01072]; EMFISIS [1001057397:01]; ECT
   [13-041]; NASA [NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, NNX13AI61G,
   NNX15AF61G, NNX14AI18G]; NSF GEM [AGS-1405054]; NSFC [41204120,
   41474141]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
   [2042014kf0251]
FX M. de Soria-Santacruz acknowledges fellowship support (Jack Eddy
   Postdoctoral Fellowship) from University Corporation for Atmospheric
   Research (UCAR). Work at UCLA was supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399
   and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at UCLA
   was supported by the EMFISIS subaward 1001057397:01; ECT subaward
   13-041; NASA grants NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX12AD12G, NNX13AI61G,
   NNX15AF61G, and NNX14AI18G; and NSF GEM grant of AGS-1405054. B. Ni
   thanks the support from the NSFC grants 41204120 and 41474141 and from
   the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities grant
   2042014kf0251. Work at the University of Iowa was performed under
   support on JHU/APL contract 921647 under NASA prime contract NAS5-01072.
   We acknowledge the Van Allen Probes data from the EMFISIS instrument
   obtained from https://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index and from the
   MagEIS instrument obtained from http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/data\_pub/.
   We also would like to thank the NOAA POES team especially Janet Green
   for providing the NOAA POES data (obtained from
   http://satdat.ngdc.noaa.gov/sem/poes/data/) and helpful advice on the
   use of the data.
NR 42
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 3552
EP 3563
DI 10.1002/2014JA020941
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CM7KA
UT WOS:000357869600021
ER

PT J
AU Drozdov, AY
   Shprits, YY
   Orlova, KG
   Kellerman, AC
   Subbotin, DA
   Baker, DN
   Spence, HE
   Reeves, GD
AF Drozdov, A. Y.
   Shprits, Y. Y.
   Orlova, K. G.
   Kellerman, A. C.
   Subbotin, D. A.
   Baker, D. N.
   Spence, H. E.
   Reeves, G. D.
TI Energetic, relativistic, and ultrarelativistic electrons: Comparison of
   long-term VERB code simulations with Van Allen Probes measurements
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID OUTER RADIATION BELT; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; MAGNETIC STORM;
   GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; LOCAL ACCELERATION; SEED POPULATION; DIFFUSION;
   MODEL; WAVES; FIELD
AB In this study, we compare long-term simulations performed by the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code with observations from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer and Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope instruments on the Van Allen Probes satellites. The model takes into account radial, energy, pitch angle and mixed diffusion, losses into the atmosphere, and magnetopause shadowing. We consider the energetic (> 100 keV), relativistic (similar to 0.5-1MeV), and ultrarelativistic (> 2MeV) electrons. One year of relativistic electron measurements (mu = 700 MeV/G) from 1 October 2012 to 1 October 2013 are well reproduced by the simulation during varying levels of geomagnetic activity. However, for ultrarelativistic energies (mu = 3500 MeV/G), the VERB code simulation overestimates electron fluxes and phase space density. These results indicate that an additional loss mechanism is operational and efficient for these high energies. The most likely mechanism for explaining the observed loss at ultrarelativistic energies is scattering by the electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves.
C1 [Drozdov, A. Y.; Shprits, Y. Y.; Orlova, K. G.; Kellerman, A. C.; Subbotin, D. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Shprits, Y. Y.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
   [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA.
RP Drozdov, AY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM adrozdov@ucla.edu
RI Kellerman, Adam/B-6525-2013; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011
OI Drozdov, Alexander/0000-0002-5334-2026; Kellerman,
   Adam/0000-0002-2315-936X; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098
FU NASA Living with a Star Jack Eddy Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; NSF
   [AGS-1203747]; NASA [NNX13AE34G]; UC Office of the President, UC Lab
   Fees Research Program [12-LR-235337]
FX The authors used geomagnetic indices provided by OMNIWeb
   (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html) and are grateful to the
   RBSP-ECT team for the provision of Van Allen Probes observations
   (http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/). We acknowledge S.G. Claudepierre and
   J.B. Blake for their helpful discussion. The diffusion coefficients used
   in the VERB code are available on the Space Environment Modeling Group
   website (ftp://rbm.epss.ucla.edu/). In addition, authors are
   appreciative of the valuable comments of the reviewers, whose
   contribution deserves special acknowledgment. The research of K. Orlova
   was supported by the NASA Living with a Star Jack Eddy Postdoctoral
   Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for
   Atmospheric Research. This research was supported by the NSF grant
   AGS-1203747, NASA grant NNX13AE34G, and received funding support from
   the UC Office of the President, UC Lab Fees Research Program grant
   12-LR-235337.
NR 64
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 3574
EP 3587
DI 10.1002/2014JA020637
PG 14
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CM7KA
UT WOS:000357869600023
ER

PT J
AU Delzanno, GL
   Borovsky, JE
   Thomsen, MF
   Moulton, JD
AF Delzanno, G. L.
   Borovsky, J. E.
   Thomsen, M. F.
   Moulton, J. D.
TI Future beam experiments in the magnetosphere with plasma contactors: The
   electron collection and ion emission routes
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPACECRAFT POTENTIAL CONTROL; ARTIFICIAL AURORAL STREAKS; ACTIVE
   SPACECRAFT; SOUNDING ROCKET; SATELLITE; ORBIT
AB Experiments where a high-voltage electron beam emitted by a spacecraft in the low-density magnetosphere is used to probe the magnetospheric configuration could greatly enhance our understanding of the near-Earth environment. Their challenge, however, resides in the fact that the background magnetospheric plasma cannot provide a return current that balances the electron beam current without charging the spacecraft to such high potential that in practice prevents beam emission. In order to overcome this problem, a possible solution is based on the emission of a high-density contactor plasma by the spacecraft prior to and after the beam. We perform particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the conditions under which a high-voltage electron beam can be emitted from a magnetospheric spacecraft, comparing two possible routes that rely on the high-density contactor plasma. The first is an "electron collection" route, where the contactor has lower current than the electron beam and is used with the goal of connecting to the background plasma and collecting magnetospheric electrons over a much larger area than that allowed by the spacecraft alone. The second is an "ion emission" route, where the contactor has higher current than the electron beam. Ion emission is then enabled over the large quasi-spherical area of the contactor cloud, thus overcoming the space charge limits typical of ion beam emission. Our results indicate that the ion emission route offers a pathway for performing beam experiments in the low-density magnetosphere, while the electron collection route is not viable because the contactor fails to draw a large neutralizing current from the background.
C1 [Delzanno, G. L.; Moulton, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Borovsky, J. E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Borovsky, J. E.] Univ Michigan, AOSS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence & Space Res Div, Los Alamos, NM USA.
RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM delzanno@lanl.gov
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD), under
   National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NASA
   magnetospheric GI program; NASA Geospace SRT program; NASA LWS TRT
   program
FX The data used for this paper were obtained from numerical calculations
   and are available from the corresponding author upon request. The
   authors wish to thank Patrick Colestock and Eric Dors for useful
   discussions. This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research
   and Development program (LDRD), under the auspices of the National
   Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los
   Alamos National Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC
   under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. This research used resources provided
   by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program.
   J.E.B. was funded by the NASA magnetospheric GI program, the NASA
   Geospace SRT program, and by the NASA LWS TRT program.
NR 36
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Z9 2
U1 2
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 3588
EP 3602
DI 10.1002/2014JA020683
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CM7KA
UT WOS:000357869600024
ER

PT J
AU Delzanno, GL
   Borovsky, JE
   Thomsen, MF
   Moulton, JD
   MacDonald, EA
AF Delzanno, G. L.
   Borovsky, J. E.
   Thomsen, M. F.
   Moulton, J. D.
   MacDonald, E. A.
TI Future beam experiments in the magnetosphere with plasma contactors: How
   do we get the charge off the spacecraft?
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARTIFICIAL AURORAL STREAKS; ELECTRON-BEAM; POTENTIAL CONTROL; ACTIVE
   SPACECRAFT; SOUNDING ROCKET; CODE; EMISSIONS; ORBIT
AB The idea of using a high-voltage electron beam with substantial current to actively probe magnetic field line connectivity in space has been discussed since the 1970s. However, its experimental realization onboard a magnetospheric spacecraft has never been accomplished because the tenuous magnetospheric plasma cannot provide the return current necessary to keep spacecraft charging under control. In this work, we perform Particle-In-Cell simulations to investigate the conditions under which a high-voltage electron beam can be emitted from a spacecraft and explore solutions that can mitigate spacecraft charging. The electron beam cannot simply be compensated for by an ion beam of equal current, because the Child-Langmuir space charge limit is violated under conditions of interest. On the other hand, releasing a high-density neutral contactor plasma prior and during beam emission is critical in aiding beam emission. We show that after an initial transient controlled by the size of the contactor cloud where the spacecraft potential rises, the spacecraft potential can settle into conditions that allow for electron beam emission. A physical explanation of this result in terms of ion emission into spherical geometry from the surface of the plasma cloud is presented, together with scaling laws of the peak spacecraft potential varying the ion mass and beam current. These results suggest that a strategy where the contactor plasma and the electron beam operate simultaneously might offer a pathway to perform beam experiments in the magnetosphere.
C1 [Delzanno, G. L.; Moulton, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Borovsky, J. E.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Borovsky, J. E.] Univ Michigan, AOSS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Intelligence & Space Res Div, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [MacDonald, E. A.] Nasa Goddard, Greenbelt, MD USA.
RP Delzanno, GL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM delzanno@lanl.gov
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD), U.S.
   Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences, under National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S.
   Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NASA magnetospheric GI program; NASA Geospace SRT
   program; NASA LWS TRT program
FX The data used for this paper were obtained from numerical calculations
   and are available from the corresponding author upon request. The
   authors wish to thank Patrick Colestock and Eric Dors for useful
   discussions and Ira Katz and Myron Mandell for providing useful
   references on the SCATHA experiments. This work was funded by the
   Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD), U.S.
   Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences, under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security
   Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National
   Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under contract
   DE-AC52-06NA25396. This research used resources provided by the Los
   Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program. J. E. B. was
   funded by the NASA magnetospheric GI program, the NASA Geospace SRT
   program, and by the NASA LWS TRT program.
NR 46
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 3647
EP 3664
DI 10.1002/2014JA020608
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CM7KA
UT WOS:000357869600028
ER

PT J
AU Palin, L
   Jacquey, C
   Opgenoorth, H
   Connors, M
   Sergeev, V
   Sauvaud, JA
   Nakamura, R
   Reeves, GD
   Singer, HJ
   Angelopoulos, V
   Turc, L
AF Palin, L.
   Jacquey, C.
   Opgenoorth, H.
   Connors, M.
   Sergeev, V.
   Sauvaud, J-A.
   Nakamura, R.
   Reeves, G. D.
   Singer, H. J.
   Angelopoulos, V.
   Turc, L.
TI Three-dimensional current systems and ionospheric effects associated
   with small dipolarization fronts
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; RAPID FLUX TRANSPORT; CENTRAL PLASMA SHEET;
   MAGNETIC MIDNIGHT; AURORAL SUBSTORM; EXPANSION ONSET; POLAR SUBSTORMS;
   FLOW; FIELD; MAGNETOTAIL
AB We present a case study of eight successive plasma sheet (PS) activations (usually referred to as bursty bulk flows or dipolarization fronts), associated with small individual B-ZGSM increases on 31 March 2009 (0200-0900 UT), observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms mission. This series of events happens during very quiet solar wind conditions, over a period of 7 h preceding a substorm onset at 1230 UT. The amplitude of the dipolarizations increases with time. The low-amplitude dipolarization fronts are associated with few (1 or 2) rapid flux transport events (RFT, E-h > 2 mV/m), whereas the large-amplitude ones encompass many more RFT events. All PS activations are associated with small and localized substorm current wedge (SCW)-like current system signatures, which seems to be the consequence of RFT arrival in the near tail. The associated ground magnetic perturbations affect a larger part of the contracted auroral oval when, in the magnetotail, more RFT are embedded in PS activations (> 5). Dipolarization fronts with very low amplitude, a type usually not included in statistical studies, are of particular interest because we found even those to be associated with clear small SCW-like current system and particle injections at geosynchronous orbit. This exceptional data set highlights the role of flow bursts in the magnetotail and leads to the conclusion that we may be observing the smallest form of a substorm or rather its smallest element. This study also highlights the gradual evolution of the ionospheric current disturbance as the plasma sheet is observed to heat up.
C1 [Palin, L.; Opgenoorth, H.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden.
   [Jacquey, C.; Sauvaud, J-A.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP, Toulouse, France.
   [Connors, M.] Athabasca Univ, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
   [Sergeev, V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Dept Earths Phys, St Petersburg 199034, Russia.
   [Nakamura, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
   [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA.
   [Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth Planetary & Space Sci, IGPP, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Turc, L.] European Space Res & Technol Ctr ESA, Directorate Sci & Robot Explorat, Sci Support Off, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
RP Palin, L (reprint author), Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden.
EM lpalin@irfu.se
RI Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; 
OI Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631;
   Turc, Lucile/0000-0002-7576-3251; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098
FU NASA [NAS5-02099]; ESA; SNSB
FX We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 for data from the THEMIS mission
   and specifically DLR support at TU-BS under 50OC0302 for use of FGM
   data. We acknowledge the Goddard Space Flight Center for providing the
   useful tool: SSC 4-D Orbit Viewer (http://sscweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/tipsod/).
   We acknowledge the Data Analysis Center for Geomagnetism and Space
   Magnetism (http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/aedir/) and SuperMag
   (http://supermag.jhuapl.edu/substorms/) for the indices and magnetic
   data. For the ground magnetometer data, we gratefully acknowledge:
   Intermagnet; USGS, Jeffrey J. Love; CARISMA, PI Ian Mann; CANMOS; The
   MACCS program, PI M. Engebretson, Geomagnetism Unit of the Geological
   Survey of Canada; AUTUMN, PI Martin Connors; DTU Space, PI Dr. Jrgen
   Matzka; and the University of Alaska. We thank O. Le Contel for fruitful
   discussions. L.T. is supported by an ESA Research Fellowship in Space
   Science. L.P. and H.O. thank SNSB for funding, and L.P. and C.J. thank
   CNES.
NR 60
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 3739
EP 3757
DI 10.1002/2015JA021040
PG 19
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CM7KA
UT WOS:000357869600034
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, JR
   Wing, S
AF Johnson, Jay R.
   Wing, Simon
TI The dependence of the strength and thickness of field-aligned currents
   on solar wind and ionospheric parameters
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LATITUDE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARALLEL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; DISCRETE AURORAL
   ARCS; LOW MAGNETIC SHEAR; DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE; LOW-ALTITUDE; PLASMA;
   PRECIPITATION; MAGNETOSHEATH; IDENTIFICATION
AB Sheared plasma flows at the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) correlate well with early afternoon auroral arcs and upward field-aligned currents. We present a simple analytic model that relates solar wind and ionospheric parameters to the strength and thickness of field-aligned currents (Lambda) in a region of sheared velocity, such as the LLBL. We compare the predictions of the model with DMSP observations and find remarkably good scaling of the upward region 1 currents with solar wind and ionospheric parameters in region located at the boundary layer or open field lines at 1100-1700 magnetic local time. We demonstrate that Lambda similar to n(sw)(-0.5) and Lambda similar to L when Lambda/L < 5 where L is the auroral electrostatic scale length. The sheared boundary layer thickness (Delta(m)) is inferred to be around 3000 km, which appears to have weak dependence on V-sw. J(parallel to) has dependencies on Delta(m), Sigma(p), n(sw), and V-sw. The analytic model provides a simple way to organize data and to infer boundary layer structures from ionospheric data.
C1 [Johnson, Jay R.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton Ctr Heliophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Wing, Simon] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA.
RP Johnson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton Ctr Heliophys, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM jrj@pppl.gov
FU NSF [AGS-1058456, ATM-0802715, ATM0902730, AGS-1203299]; NASA
   [NNX13XAE12G, NNX15AJ01G, NNH09AM53I, NNH09AK63I, NNH11AR07I,
   NNX14AM27G, NNH14AY20I]; DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; U.S. Department of
   Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX The Air Force Research Laboratory has been helpful in the acquisition of
   DMSP SSJ4/SSJ5 and magnetometer data, as has the World Data Center in
   Boulder, Colorado. The raw solar wind data from ACE, Wind, IMP8, ISEE1,
   and ISEE3 were obtained from NASA CDAWeb (http://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/)
   and NSSDC (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/). All the derived data products
   in this paper are available upon request by email
   (simon.wing@jhuapl.edu). Simon Wing acknowledges support from NSF grants
   AGS-1058456 and ATM-0802715, and NASA grants NNX13XAE12G and NNX15AJ01G.
   Jay R. Johnson acknowledges support from NASA grants (NNH09AM53I,
   NNH09AK63I, NNH11AR07I, NNX14AM27G, and NNH14AY20I), NSF grant
   ATM0902730, AGS-1203299, and DOE contract DE-AC02-09CH11466. We thank
   Fred Rich, Gordon Wilson, and the Air Force Research Laboratory for the
   DMSP SSJ4/5 and magnetometer data. We thank James M. Weygand for the
   solar wind data processing. This work was facilitated by the Max
   Planck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics and ISSI team on
   "Field-Aligned Currents: Their Morphology, Evolution, Source Regions and
   Generators." DOE Copyright Terms: Notice: This manuscript has been
   authored by Princeton University under contract DE-AC02-09CH11466 with
   the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article
   for publication acknowledges, that the United States Government retains
   a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or
   reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do
   so, for United States Government purposes.
NR 45
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PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9380
EI 2169-9402
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 3987
EP 4008
DI 10.1002/2014JA020312
PG 22
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CM7KA
UT WOS:000357869600054
ER

PT J
AU Beamer, B
   Nomerotski, A
   Tsybychev, D
AF Beamer, B.
   Nomerotski, A.
   Tsybychev, D.
TI A study of astrometric distortions due to "tree rings" in CCD sensors
   using LSST Photon Simulator
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Precision Astronomy with Fully Depleted CCDs
CY DEC 04-05, 2014
CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY
HO Brookhaven Natl Lab
DE Systematic effects; Detectors for UV, visible and IR photons
AB Imperfections in the production process of thick CCDs lead to circularly symmetric dopant concentration variations, which in turn produce electric fields transverse to the surface of the fully depleted CCD that displace the photogenerated charges. We use PhoSim, a Monte Carlo photon simulator, to explore and examine the likely impacts these dopant concentration variations will have on astrometric measurements in LSST. The scale and behavior of both the astrometric shifts imparted to point sources and the intensity variations in flat field images that result from these doping imperfections are similar to those previously observed in Dark Energy Camera CCDs, giving initial confirmation of PhoSim's model for these effects. Additionally, organized shape distortions were observed as a result of the symmetric nature of these dopant variations, causing nominally round sources to be imparted with a measurable ellipticity either aligned with or transverse to the radial direction of this dopant variation pattern.
C1 [Beamer, B.; Tsybychev, D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Nomerotski, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Beamer, B (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
EM benjamin.beamer@stonybrook.edu
RI Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010
FU Stony Brook University - BNL [37298-2-1103910]
FX We would like to thank J. Peterson and E.-H. Peng for their help with
   PhoSim; M. Fisher-Levine, E. Sheldon, and T. Throwe for assistance with
   code and computing; and A. Plazas, P. O'Connor, and A. Rasmussen for
   useful comments and discussions. This work was supported by the Stony
   Brook University - BNL seed grant 37298-2-1103910.
NR 7
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-0221
J9 J INSTRUM
JI J. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
AR C05027
DI 10.1088/1748-0221/10/05/C05027
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Instruments & Instrumentation
GA CM8ZI
UT WOS:000357993300027
ER

PT J
AU Bebek, CJ
   Emes, JH
   Groom, DE
   Haque, S
   Holland, SE
   Karcher, A
   Kolbe, WF
   Lee, JS
   Palaio, NP
   Wang, G
AF Bebek, C. J.
   Emes, J. H.
   Groom, D. E.
   Haque, S.
   Holland, S. E.
   Karcher, A.
   Kolbe, W. F.
   Lee, J. S.
   Palaio, N. P.
   Wang, G.
TI CCD development for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Precision Astronomy with Fully Depleted CCDs
CY DEC 04-05, 2014
CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY
HO Brookhaven Natl Lab
DE Detectors for UV, visible and IR photons; Detector design and
   construction technologies and materials
AB We describe research and development efforts directed towards the production of 4 k x 4 k, 15 mu m-pixel, fully depleted CCDs for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). The requirements for DESI include the spectroscopic characterization of large numbers of faint galaxies at high redshift. The identification of the type and the determination of the redshift of the targeted galaxies require the use of thick, fully depleted CCDs with high quantum efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths. We describe our work to improve the CCD performance in terms of quantum efficiency and read noise. We also discuss efforts to reduce the level of image-distortion effects that have been observed on previous CCDs that are due to resistivity striations in the starting silicon and periodic errors in the photomasks used to produce the CCDs.
C1 [Bebek, C. J.; Emes, J. H.; Groom, D. E.; Haque, S.; Holland, S. E.; Karcher, A.; Kolbe, W. F.; Lee, J. S.; Palaio, N. P.; Wang, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Holland, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM seholland@lbl.gov
FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S.
   Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The U.S.
   Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for
   publication, acknowledges, that the U.S. Government retains a
   nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or
   reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do
   so, for U.S. Government purposes.
NR 17
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-0221
J9 J INSTRUM
JI J. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
AR C05026
DI 10.1088/1748-0221/10/05/C05026
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Instruments & Instrumentation
GA CM8ZI
UT WOS:000357993300026
ER

PT J
AU Benesch, J
   Philip, S
AF Benesch, J.
   Philip, S.
TI Solid core dipoles and switching power supplies: lower cost light
   sources?
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Accelerator Subsystems and Technologies; Acceleration cavities and
   magnets superconducting (high-temperature superconductor; radiation
   hardened magnets; normal-conducting; permanent magnet devices; wigglers
   and undulators)
AB As a result of improvements in power semiconductors, moderate frequency switching supplies can now provide the hundreds of amps typically required by accelerators with zero-to-peak noise in the kHz region similar to 0.06% in current or voltage mode. Modeling was undertaken using a finite electromagnetic program to determine if eddy currents induced in the solid steel of CEBAF magnets and small supplemental additions would bring the error fields down to the 5ppm level needed for beam quality. The expected maximum field of the magnet under consideration is 0.85 T and the DC current required to produce that field is used in the calculations. An additional 0.1% current ripple is added to the DC current at discrete frequencies 360 Hz, 720 Hz or 7200 Hz. Over the region of the pole within 0.5% of the central integrated BdL the resulting AC field changes can be reduced to less than 1% of the 0.1% input ripple for all frequencies, and a sixth of that at 7200 Hz. Doubling the current, providing 1.5 T central field, yielded the same fractional reduction in ripple at the beam for the cases checked. A small dipole was measured at 60, 120, 360 and 720 Hz in two conditions and the results compared to the larger model for the latter two frequencies with surprisingly good agreement. For light sources with aluminum vacuum vessels and full energy linac injection, the combination of solid core dipoles and switching power supplies may result in significant cost savings. The work may also be used to guide retrofit of existing machines to reduce the level of ripple in the particle beam path.
C1 [Benesch, J.; Philip, S.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Benesch, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM benesch@jlab.org
FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177]
FX This work was improved by suggestions of G. Neil and A. Freyberger. We
   would like to thank M. Tiefenback for many stimulating discussions and
   helpful remarks, including finding references [1] and [2]. This work was
   supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract
   No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive,
   paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this
   manuscript for U.S. Government purposes.
NR 3
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-0221
J9 J INSTRUM
JI J. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
AR P05001
DI 10.1088/1748-0221/10/05/P05001
PG 11
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SC Instruments & Instrumentation
GA CM8ZI
UT WOS:000357993300033
ER

PT J
AU Bilki, B
   Corriveau, F
   Freund, B
   Neubuser, C
   Onel, Y
   Repond, J
   Schlereth, J
   Xia, L
AF Bilki, B.
   Corriveau, F.
   Freund, B.
   Neubueser, C.
   Onel, Y.
   Repond, J.
   Schlereth, J.
   Xia, L.
TI Tests of a novel design of Resistive Plate Chambers
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Resistive-plate chambers; Gaseous imaging and tracking detectors;
   Particle tracking detectors (Gaseous detectors)
AB A novel design of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), using only a single resistive plate, is being proposed. Based on this design, two large size prototype chambers were constructed and were tested with cosmic rays and in particle beams. The tests confirmed the viability of this new approach. In addition to showing an improved single-particle response compared to the traditional 2-plate design, the novel chambers also prove to be suitable for calorimetric applications.
C1 [Bilki, B.; Freund, B.; Neubueser, C.; Repond, J.; Schlereth, J.; Xia, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Neubueser, C.] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
   [Bilki, B.; Onel, Y.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
   [Corriveau, F.; Freund, B.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada.
RP Repond, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM repond@anl.go
OI Bilki, Burak/0000-0001-9515-3306
NR 4
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U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-0221
J9 J INSTRUM
JI J. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
AR P05003
DI 10.1088/1748-0221/10/05/P05003
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Instruments & Instrumentation
GA CM8ZI
UT WOS:000357993300035
ER

PT J
AU Cebrian, S
   Perez, J
   Bandac, I
   Labarga, L
   Alvarez, V
   Barrado, AI
   Bettini, A
   Borges, FIGM
   Camargo, M
   Carcel, S
   Cervera, A
   Conde, CAN
   Conde, E
   Dafni, T
   Diaz, J
   Esteve, R
   Fernandes, LMP
   Fernandez, M
   Ferrario, P
   Ferreira, AL
   Freitas, EDC
   Gehman, VM
   Goldschmidt, A
   Gomez-Cadenas, JJ
   Gonzalez-Diaz, D
   Gutierrez, RM
   Hauptman, J
   Morata, JAH
   Herrera, DC
   Irastorza, IG
   Laing, A
   Liubarsky, I
   Lopez-March, N
   Lorca, D
   Losada, M
   Luzon, G
   Mari, A
   Martin-Albo, J
   Martinez, A
   Martinez-Lema, G
   Miller, T
   Monrabal, F
   Monserrate, M
   Monteiro, CMB
   Mora, FJ
   Moutinho, LM
   Vidal, JM
   Nebot-Guinot, M
   Nygren, D
   Oliveira, CAB
   de Solorzano, AO
   Aparicio, JLP
   Querol, M
   Renner, J
   Ripoll, L
   Rodriguez, J
   Santos, FP
   dos Santos, JMF
   Serra, L
   Shuman, D
   Simon, A
   Sofka, C
   Sorel, M
   Toledo, JF
   Torrent, J
   Tsamalaidze, Z
   Veloso, JFCA
   Villar, JA
   Webb, RC
   White, JT
   Yahlali, N
AF Cebrian, S.
   Perez, J.
   Bandac, I.
   Labarga, L.
   Alvarez, V.
   Barrado, A. I.
   Bettini, A.
   Borges, F. I. G. M.
   Camargo, M.
   Carcel, S.
   Cervera, A.
   Conde, C. A. N.
   Conde, E.
   Dafni, T.
   Diaz, J.
   Esteve, R.
   Fernandes, L. M. P.
   Fernandez, M.
   Ferrario, P.
   Ferreira, A. L.
   Freitas, E. D. C.
   Gehman, V. M.
   Goldschmidt, A.
   Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.
   Gonzalez-Diaz, D.
   Gutierrez, R. M.
   Hauptman, J.
   Hernando Morata, J. A.
   Herrera, D. C.
   Irastorza, I. G.
   Laing, A.
   Liubarsky, I.
   Lopez-March, N.
   Lorca, D.
   Losada, M.
   Luzon, G.
   Mari, A.
   Martin-Albo, J.
   Martinez, A.
   Martinez-Lema, G.
   Miller, T.
   Monrabal, F.
   Monserrate, M.
   Monteiro, C. M. B.
   Mora, F. J.
   Moutinho, L. M.
   Munoz Vidal, J.
   Nebot-Guinot, M.
   Nygren, D.
   Oliveira, C. A. B.
   Ortiz de Solorzano, A.
   Perez Aparicio, J. L.
   Querol, M.
   Renner, J.
   Ripoll, L.
   Rodriguez, J.
   Santos, F. P.
   dos Santos, J. M. F.
   Serra, L.
   Shuman, D.
   Simon, A.
   Sofka, C.
   Sorel, M.
   Toledo, J. F.
   Torrent, J.
   Tsamalaidze, Z.
   Veloso, J. F. C. A.
   Villar, J. A.
   Webb, R. C.
   White, J. T.
   Yahlali, N.
TI Radiopurity assessment of the tracking readout for the NEXT double beta
   decay experiment
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Radiation calculations; Time projection Chambers (TPC); Double-beta
   decay detectors; Particle tracking detectors (Gaseous detectors)
ID RADIOACTIVITY; SPECTROMETRY
AB The "Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon Time-Projection Chamber" (NEXT) is intended to investigate the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136, which requires a severe suppression of potential backgrounds; therefore, an extensive screening and selection process is underway to control the radiopurity levels of the materials to be used in the experimental set-up of NEXT. The detector design combines the measurement of the topological signature of the event for background discrimination with the energy resolution optimization. Separate energy and tracking readout planes are based on different sensors: photomultiplier tubes for calorimetry and silicon multi-pixel photon counters for tracking. The design of a radiopure tracking plane, in direct contact with the gas detector medium, was specially challenging since the needed components like printed circuit boards, connectors, sensors or capacitors have typically, according to available information in databases and in the literature, activities too large for experiments requiring ultra-low background conditions. Here, the radiopurity assessment of tracking readout components based on gamma-ray spectroscopy using ultra-low background germanium detectors at the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (Spain) is described. According to the obtained results, radiopure enough printed circuit boards made of kapton and copper, silicon photomultipliers and other required components, fulfilling the requirement of an overall background level in the region of interest of at most 8 x 10(-4) counts keV(-1) kg(-1) y(-1), have been identified.
C1 [Cebrian, S.; Dafni, T.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D.; Herrera, D. C.; Irastorza, I. G.; Luzon, G.; Ortiz de Solorzano, A.; Villar, J. A.] Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Astroparticulas, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
   [Cebrian, S.; Bandac, I.; Bettini, A.; Dafni, T.; Gonzalez-Diaz, D.; Herrera, D. C.; Irastorza, I. G.; Luzon, G.; Ortiz de Solorzano, A.; Villar, J. A.] Lab Subterraneo Canfranc, Canfranc Estacion 22880, Huesca, Spain.
   [Perez, J.] UAM, CSIC, IFT, Madrid 28049, Spain.
   [Labarga, L.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
   [Alvarez, V.; Carcel, S.; Cervera, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lopez-March, N.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Monserrate, M.; Munoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Querol, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N.] CSIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia 46980, Spain.
   [Alvarez, V.; Carcel, S.; Cervera, A.; Diaz, J.; Ferrario, P.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Laing, A.; Liubarsky, I.; Lopez-March, N.; Lorca, D.; Martin-Albo, J.; Martinez, A.; Monrabal, F.; Monserrate, M.; Munoz Vidal, J.; Nebot-Guinot, M.; Querol, M.; Rodriguez, J.; Serra, L.; Simon, A.; Sorel, M.; Yahlali, N.] Univ Valencia, Valencia 46980, Spain.
   [Barrado, A. I.; Conde, E.; Fernandez, M.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid 28040, Spain.
   [Bettini, A.] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
   [Bettini, A.] INFN Sect, Dipartimento Fisca G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy.
   [Borges, F. I. G. M.; Conde, C. A. N.; Fernandes, L. M. P.; Freitas, E. D. C.; Monteiro, C. M. B.; Santos, F. P.; dos Santos, J. M. F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal.
   [Camargo, M.; Gutierrez, R. M.; Losada, M.] Univ Antonio Narino, Ctr Invest Ciencias Basicas & Aplicadas, Bogota, Colombia.
   [Esteve, R.; Mari, A.; Mora, F. J.; Toledo, J. F.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Instrumentac Imagen Mol I3M, Valencia 46022, Spain.
   [Ferreira, A. L.; Moutinho, L. M.; Veloso, J. F. C. A.] Univ Aveiro, Inst Nanostruct Nanomodelling & Nanofabricat i3N, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
   [Gehman, V. M.; Goldschmidt, A.; Miller, T.; Nygren, D.; Oliveira, C. A. B.; Renner, J.; Shuman, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Hauptman, J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Hernando Morata, J. A.; Martinez-Lema, G.] Univ Santiago Compostela, IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain.
   [Perez Aparicio, J. L.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Dept Mecan Medios Continuos & Teoria Estruct, E-46071 Valencia, Spain.
   [Ripoll, L.; Torrent, J.] Univ Girona, Escola Politecn Super, Girona 17071, Spain.
   [Sofka, C.; Webb, R. C.; White, J. T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Tsamalaidze, Z.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia.
RP Cebrian, S (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, Lab Fis Nucl & Astroparticulas, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
EM scebrian@unizar.es
RI Dafni, Theopisti/J-9646-2012; Perez Aparicio, Jose Luis/H-7053-2015;
   Monrabal, Francesc/A-5880-2015; Irastorza, Igor/B-2085-2012; Diaz,
   Jose/B-3454-2012; AMADE Research Group, AMADE/B-6537-2014; Gonzalez
   Diaz, Diego/K-7265-2014; Fernandes, Luis/E-2372-2011; Villar, Jose
   Angel/K-6630-2014; veloso, joao/J-4478-2013; Moutinho, Luis/J-6021-2013;
   Lopez March, Neus/P-4411-2014; 
OI Dafni, Theopisti/0000-0002-8921-910X; Perez Aparicio, Jose
   Luis/0000-0003-2884-6991; Freitas, Elisabete/0000-0001-8235-3229;
   Monrabal, Francesc/0000-0002-4047-5620; Munoz Vidal,
   Javier/0000-0002-9649-2251; Toledo Alarcon, Jose
   Francisco/0000-0002-9782-4510; Santos, Filomena/0000-0002-0214-4185;
   Martin-Albo, Justo/0000-0002-7318-1469; Monteiro, Cristina Maria
   Bernardes/0000-0002-1912-2804; dos Santos, Joaquim Marques
   Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523; Irastorza, Igor/0000-0003-1163-1687; Diaz,
   Jose/0000-0002-7239-223X; AMADE Research Group,
   AMADE/0000-0002-5778-3291; Gonzalez Diaz, Diego/0000-0002-6809-5996;
   Fernandes, Luis/0000-0002-7061-8768; Villar, Jose
   Angel/0000-0003-0228-7589; Moutinho, Luis/0000-0001-9074-4449; Lopez
   March, Neus/0000-0001-6586-0675; Veloso, Joao/0000-0002-7107-7203
FU European Research Council [339787-NEXT]; IDEAS program of the EU
   [ERC-2009-StG-240054]; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad
   [CSD2008-0037, FPA2009-13697-C04-04, FIS2012-37947-C04]; Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US DoE
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Portuguese FCT; FEDER through program COMPETE
   [PTDC/FIS/103860/2008, PTDC/FIS/112272/2009]
FX We deeply acknowledge John Murphy and Carl Jackson from SensL
   Technologies Ltd for their efficient collaboration in the analysis of
   SiPMs. We very much thank also Vicenzo Mancini from SOMACIS company for
   the care in the development of radiopure kapton PCBs. Special thanks are
   due to LSC directorate and staff for their strong support for performing
   the measurements at the LSC Radiopurity Service. The NEXT Collaboration
   acknowledges funding support from the following agencies and
   institutions: the European Research Council under the Advanced Grant
   339787-NEXT and the T-REX Starting Grant ref. ERC-2009-StG-240054 of the
   IDEAS program of the 7th EU Framework Program; the Spanish Ministerio de
   Economia y Competitividad under grants CONSOLIDER-Ingenio 2010
   CSD2008-0037 (CUP), FPA2009-13697-C04-04, and FIS2012-37947-C04; the
   Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US
   DoE under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231; and the Portuguese FCT and
   FEDER through the program COMPETE, Projects PTDC/FIS/103860/2008 and
   PTDC/FIS/112272/2009.
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PT J
AU Gruen, D
   Bernstein, GM
   Jarvis, M
   Rowe, B
   Vikram, V
   Plazas, AA
   Seitz, S
AF Gruen, D.
   Bernstein, G. M.
   Jarvis, M.
   Rowe, B.
   Vikram, V.
   Plazas, A. A.
   Seitz, S.
TI Characterization and correction of charge-induced pixel shifts in DECam
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN
   diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs etc); Image
   processing
ID COUPLED-DEVICES; DARK; SEXTRACTOR; FIELD
AB Interaction of charges in CCDs with the already accumulated charge distribution causes both a flux dependence of the point-spread function (an increase of observed size with flux, also known as the brighter/fatter effect) and pixel-to-pixel correlations of the Poissonian noise in flat fields. We describe these effects in the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) with charge dependent shifts of effective pixel borders, i.e. the Antilogus et al. (2014) model, which we fit to measurements of flat-field Poissonian noise correlations. The latter fall off approximately as a power-law r(-2.5) with pixel separation r, are isotropic except for an asymmetry in the direct neighbors along rows and columns, are stable in time, and are weakly dependent on wavelength. They show variations from chip to chip at the 20% level that correlate with the silicon resistivity. The charge shifts predicted by the model cause biased shape measurements, primarily due to their effect on bright stars, at levels exceeding weak lensing science requirements. We measure the flux dependence of star images and show that the effect can be mitigated by applying the reverse charge shifts at the pixel level during image processing. Differences in stellar size, however, remain significant due to residuals at larger distance from the centroid.
C1 [Gruen, D.; Seitz, S.] Univ Observ Munich, D-81679 Munich, Germany.
   [Gruen, D.; Seitz, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Bernstein, G. M.; Jarvis, M.; Vikram, V.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Rowe, B.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   [Vikram, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
   [Plazas, A. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Plazas, A. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
RP Gruen, D (reprint author), Univ Observ Munich, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany.
EM dgruen@usm.uni-muenchen.de
OI Rowe, Barnaby/0000-0002-7042-9174
FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB-Transregio 33]; DFG cluster
   of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' [DE-SC007901]; NSF
   [AST-1311924]; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; JPL; NASA by Caltech; U.S.
   Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation; Ministry of
   Science and Education of Spain; Science and Technology Facilities
   Council of the United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for
   England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the
   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of
   Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Financiadora de
   Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do
   Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
   Cientifico e Tecnologico; Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia; Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft; Argonne National Laboratory; University of
   California at Santa Cruz; University of Cambridge; Centro de
   Investigaciones Energeticas; Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid;
   University of Chicago; University College London; DES-Brazil Consortium;
   Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Fermi National
   Accelerator Laboratory; University of Edinburgh; University of Illinois
   at Urbana-Champaign; Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC);
   Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies; Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory; Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat; associated Excellence
   Cluster Universe; University of Michigan; National Optical Astronomy
   Observatory; University of Nottingham; Ohio State University; University
   of Pennsylvania; University of Portsmouth; SLAC National Accelerator
   Laboratory, Stanford University; University of Sussex; Texas AM
   University
FX This project was supported by SFB-Transregio 33 'The Dark Universe' by
   the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the DFG cluster of
   excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'. DG thanks Pierre
   Astier, Thomas Diehl, Augustin Guyonnet, Stephen Holland, Mihael Kodric,
   Ralf Kosyra, and Andy Rasmussen for helpful discussions. GMB
   acknowledges support for this work from NSF grant AST-1311924 and DOE
   grant DE-SC007901. AAP is supported by DOE grant DE-AC02-98CH10886 and
   JPL, which is run under a contract for NASA by Caltech.; Funding for the
   DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the
   U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education
   of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United
   Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National
   Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at
   Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the
   University of Chicago, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacao
   Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,
   Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico and the
   Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
   and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey.; The
   Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the
   University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge,
   Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y
   Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College
   London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the Eidgenossische Technische
   Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the
   University of Edinburgh, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
   the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica
   d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the
   Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat and the associated Excellence Cluster
   Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy
   Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University,
   the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC
   National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of
   Sussex, and Texas A&M University.
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PT J
AU Magill, S
   Nayfeh, M
   Fizari, M
   Malloy, J
   Maximenko, Y
   Xie, J
   Yu, H
AF Magill, S.
   Nayfeh, M.
   Fizari, M.
   Malloy, J.
   Maximenko, Y.
   Xie, J.
   Yu, H.
TI Enhanced UV light detection using wavelength-shifting properties of
   Silicon nanoparticles
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Materials for solid-state detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible
   and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs,
   EBCCDs, EMCCDs etc); Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons
   (solid-state)
AB Detection of UV photons is becoming increasingly necessary with the use of noble gases and liquids in elementary particle experiments. Cerenkov light in crystals and glasses, scintillation light in neutrino, dark matter, and rare decay experiments all require sensitivity to UV photons. New sensor materials are needed that can directly detect UV photons and/or absorb UV photons and re-emit light in the visible range measurable by existing photosensors. It has been shown that silicon nanoparticles are sensitive to UV light in a wavelength range around similar to 200 nm. UV light is absorbed and re-emitted at wavelengths in the visible range depending on the size of the nanoparticles. Initial tests of the wavelength-shifting properties of silicon nanoparticles are presented here that indicate by placing a film of nanoparticles in front of a standard visible-wavelength detecting photosensor, the response of the sensor is significantly enhanced at wavelengths < 320 nm.
C1 [Magill, S.; Xie, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Nayfeh, M.; Fizari, M.; Malloy, J.; Maximenko, Y.; Yu, H.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
RP Magill, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM srm@anl.gov
FU US National Science Foundation [OISE 11-03-398]; Argonne, a U.S.
   Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of
   Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of
   Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others
   acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide
   license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works,
   distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display
   publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. This work was also
   supported in part by US National Science Foundation grant OISE
   11-03-398.
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PT J
AU O'Connor, P
AF O'Connor, P.
TI Crosstalk in multi-output CCDs for LSST
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on Precision Astronomy with Fully Depleted CCDs
CY DEC 04-05, 2014
CL Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY
HO Brookhaven Natl Lab
DE Front-end electronics for detector readout; Instrument optimisation;
   Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state); Large
   detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics
AB LSST's compact, low-power focal plane will be subject to electronic crosstalk with some unique signatures due to its readout geometry. This note describes the crosstalk mechanisms, ongoing characterization of prototypes, and implications for the observing cadence.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP O'Connor, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM poc@bnl.gov
FU Department of Energy [DE-SC0012704, DE-AC02-76-SFO0515]; Brookhaven
   National Laboratory; National Science Foundation [0809409]; SLAC
   National Accelerator Laboratory
FX This manuscript has been co-authored by employees of Brookhaven Science
   Associates, LLC., Portions of this work are supported by the Department
   of Energy under contract DE-SC0012704 with Brookhaven National
   Laboratory. LSST project activities are supported in part by the
   National Science Foundation through Governing Cooperative Agreement
   0809409 managed by the Association of Universities for Research in
   Astronomy (AURA), and the Department of Energy under contract
   DE-AC02-76-SFO0515 with the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
   Additional LSST funding comes from private donations, grants to
   universities, and in-kind support from LSSTC Institutional Members.
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PT J
AU Whitbeck, A
   Hirschauer, J
AF Whitbeck, A.
   Hirschauer, J.
CA CMS Collaboration
TI The CMS central hadron calorimeter DAQ system upgrade
SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics
CY SEP 22-26, 2014
CL Aix en Provence, FRANCE
DE Radiation-hard electronics; Front-end electronics for detector readout;
   Data acquisition concepts
AB The CMS central hadron calorimeters will undergo a complete replacement of their data acquisition system electronics. The replacement is phased, with portions of the replacement starting in 2014 and continuing through LHC Long Shutdown 2 in 2018. The existing VME electronics will be replaced with a mu TCA-based system. New on-detector QIE electronics cards will transmit data at 4.8 GHz to the new mu HTR cards residing in mu TCA crates in the CMS electronics cavern. The mu TCA crates are controlled by the AMC13, which accepts system clock and trigger throttling control from the CMS global DAQ system. The AMC13 distributes the clock to the m HTR and reads out data buffers from the m HTR into the CMS data acquisition system. The AMC 13 also provides the clock for in-crate GLIBs which in turn distribute the clock to the on-detector front end electronics. We report on the design, development status, and schedule of the DAQ system upgrades.
C1 [Whitbeck, A.; Hirschauer, J.; CMS Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
RP Whitbeck, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM awhitbe1@fnal.gov
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PT J
AU Shen, X
   Yin, KB
   Puzyrev, YS
   Liu, YW
   Sun, LT
   Li, RW
   Pantelides, ST
AF Shen, Xiao
   Yin, Kuibo
   Puzyrev, Yevgeniy S.
   Liu, Yiwei
   Sun, Litao
   Li, Run-Wei
   Pantelides, Sokrates T.
TI 2D Nanovaristors at Grain Boundaries Account for Memristive Switching in
   Polycrystalline BiFeO3
SO ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-FILM HETEROSTRUCTURES; OXIDES; CONDUCTION; SYSTEMS
AB Memristive switching in polycrystalline materials is widely attributed to the formation and rupture of conducting filaments, believed to be mediated by oxygen-vacancy redistribution. The underlying atomic-scale processes are still unknown, however, which limits device modeling and design. Here, experimental data are combined with multiscale calculations to elucidate the entire atomic-scale cycle in undoped polycrystalline BiFeO3. Conductive atomic force microscopy reveals that the grain boundaries behave like 2D nanovaristors, while on the return part of the cycle, the decreasing current is through the grains. Using density-functional-theory and Monte Carlo calculations, the atomic-scale mechanism of the observed phenomena is deduced. Oxygen vacancies in nonequilibrium concentrations are initially distributed relatively uniformly, but they are swept into the grain boundaries by an increasing voltage. A critical voltage, the SET voltage, then eliminates the barrier for hopping conduction through vacancy energy levels in grain boundaries. On the return part of the cycle, the grain boundaries are again nonconductive, but the grains show nonzero conductivity by virtue of remote doping by oxygen vacancies. The RESET voltage amounts to a heat pulse that redistributes the vacancies. The realization that nanovaristors are at the heart of memristive switching in polycrystalline materials may open possibilities for novel devices and circuits.
C1 [Shen, Xiao; Puzyrev, Yevgeniy S.; Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
   [Yin, Kuibo; Sun, Litao] Southeast Univ, Key Lab MEMS, Minist Educ, SEU FEI Nanopico Ctr, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Yin, Kuibo; Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Liu, Yiwei; Li, Run-Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn, Key Lab Magnet Mat & Devices, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
RP Shen, X (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
EM xiao.shen@vanderbilt.edu; yinkuibo@seu.edu.cn;
   yevgeniy.s.puzyrev@vanderbilt.edu; slt@seu.edu.cn; runweili@nimte.ac.cn
RI Yin, Kuibo/G-5812-2011; Xia, YuQing/C-9724-2017
OI Yin, Kuibo/0000-0001-5268-6807; 
FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1207241]; McMinn Endowment at
   Vanderbilt University; NSF XSEDE [TG-DMR130121]; National Basic Research
   Program of China [2011CB707601, 2012CB933004]; National Natural Science
   Foundation of China [11204034, 61274114, 113279028, 11474295]; Natural
   Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2012123, BK2012024];
   Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education
   of China [20120092120023]; Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese
   Academy of Sciences [YZ201327]; Ningbo International Cooperation
   Projects [2012D10018]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic
   Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Directorate;
   Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER46554]
FX X.S., K.Y., and Y.S.P. contributed equally to this work. The theoretical
   work was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No.
   DMR-1207241) and by the McMinn Endowment at Vanderbilt University.
   Computational support was provided by the NSF XSEDE (Grant No.
   TG-DMR130121). The experimental work was supported by the National Basic
   Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011CB707601 and 2012CB933004),
   the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11204034,
   61274114, 113279028, and 11474295), the Natural Science Foundation of
   Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos. BK2012123 and BK2012024), the Specialized
   Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
   (Grant No. 20120092120023), the Instrument Developing Project of the
   Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YZ201327), and Ningbo
   International Cooperation Projects (Grant No. 2012D10018). In the USA,
   research was supported in part by the Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering
   Directorate (KY, XS) and by the Department of Energy (Grant No.
   DE-FG02-09ER46554) (STP, YSP).
NR 35
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 12
U2 38
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 2199-160X
J9 ADV ELECTRON MATER
JI Adv. Electron. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 1
IS 5
AR 1500019
DI 10.1002/aelm.201500019
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA CM4LJ
UT WOS:000357655700006
ER

PT J
AU Doughty, AM
   Schaefer, JM
   Putnam, AE
   Denton, GH
   Kaplan, MR
   Barrell, DJA
   Andersen, BG
   Kelley, SE
   Finkel, RC
   Schwartz, R
AF Doughty, Alice M.
   Schaefer, Joerg M.
   Putnam, Aaron E.
   Denton, George H.
   Kaplan, Michael R.
   Barrell, David J. A.
   Andersen, Bjorn G.
   Kelley, Samuel E.
   Finkel, Robert C.
   Schwartz, Roseanne
TI Mismatch of glacier extent and summer insolation in Southern Hemisphere
   mid-latitudes
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NEW-ZEALAND; LAST DEGLACIATION; ALPS; BE-10; CHRONOLOGY; MAXIMUM; OCEAN;
   TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; SEESAW
AB Here we address a long-standing puzzle of ice-age climate called the "fly in the ointment of the Milankovitch theory." Using geomorphic mapping and Be-10 surface-exposure dating, we show that five moraine belts were formed during maxima of the last ice age by the Pukaki glacier in New Zealand's Southern Alps. They afford ages of 41.76 +/- 1.09 ka, 35.50 +/- 1.26 ka, 27.17 +/- 0.68 ka, 20.27 +/- 0.60 ka, and 18.29 +/- 0.49 ka. These five maxima spanned an entire precessional cycle in summer insolation intensity at the latitude of the Southern Alps. A similar mismatch between summer insolation and glacier extent also characterized the Chilean Lake District in the mid-latitudes of South America. Thus, in apparent contrast to northern ice sheets linked by Milankovitch to summer insolation at 65 degrees N latitude, the behavior of southern mid-latitude glaciers was not tied to local summer insolation intensity. Instead, glacier extent between 41.76 ka and 18.29 ka, as well as during the last termination, was aligned with Southern Ocean surface temperature and with atmospheric carbon dioxide.
C1 [Doughty, Alice M.] Dept Earth Sci, Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
   [Doughty, Alice M.; Putnam, Aaron E.; Denton, George H.] Univ Maine, Sch Earth & Climate Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
   [Doughty, Alice M.; Putnam, Aaron E.; Denton, George H.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA.
   [Schaefer, Joerg M.; Putnam, Aaron E.; Kaplan, Michael R.; Schwartz, Roseanne] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10944 USA.
   [Schaefer, Joerg M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Barrell, David J. A.] GNS Sci, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
   [Andersen, Bjorn G.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
   [Kelley, Samuel E.] Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
   [Finkel, Robert C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 95064 USA.
   [Finkel, Robert C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CAMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Doughty, AM (reprint author), Dept Earth Sci, Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
RI Kaplan, Michael/D-4720-2011; 
OI Putnam, Aaron/0000-0002-5358-1473
FU Gary C. Comer Science and Education Foundation; U.S. National Science
   Foundation [EAR-0745781, EAR-1102782]; New Zealand Government through
   the GNS Science "Global Change through Time" research program
FX We are grateful to T.J. and G. Wills of Irishman Creek Station, J.
   Murray of The Wolds Station, and Guide Hill Station for permitting
   access to the moraines, and T. Ritchie and K. Ritchie of Lake Ruataniwha
   Holiday Park for providing excellent accommodation. We appreciate
   assistance from S. Travis in sample collection and D. Sprecher in
   laboratory techniques. We thank W.S. Broecker for insightfull
   discussions about glacial cycles. We thank S. Birkel and B. Hall for
   insightful discussions and help with early drafts of this manuscript.
   Reviews by B. Laabs, D. Sugden, and three anonymous reviewers helped us
   to improve the paper, and we are grateful to editor E. Thomas for
   additional comments and guidance. Funding was provided by the Gary C.
   Comer Science and Education Foundation and the U.S. National Science
   Foundation (EAR-0745781; EAR-1102782). D. Barrell was supported by
   funding from the New Zealand Government through the GNS Science "Global
   Change through Time" research program. This is Lamont-Doherty Earth
   Observatory contribution #7879.
NR 29
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 13
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
EI 1943-2682
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 43
IS 5
BP 407
EP 410
DI 10.1130/G36477.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA CM3XT
UT WOS:000357619400010
ER

PT J
AU Pendleton, SL
   Ceperley, EG
   Briner, JP
   Kaufman, DS
   Zimmerman, S
AF Pendleton, Simon L.
   Ceperley, Elizabeth G.
   Briner, Jason P.
   Kaufman, Darrell S.
   Zimmerman, Susan
TI Rapid and early deglaciation in the central Brooks Range, Arctic Alaska
SO GEOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; YOUNGER DRYAS; CLIMATE; BE-10; TERMINATION;
   RECORD; CANADA; RATES; AGES
AB Alpine-style glaciation was rare in the Arctic during the last glaciation because ice sheets occupied most of the glaciated high latitudes. Due to the tight coupling of alpine-glacier fluctuations with climate, the geomorphic evidence of such fluctuations in the Brooks Range, Alaska (USA), presents a unique opportunity to study past climate changes in this portion of the Arctic. We use cosmogenic Be-10 exposure dating to directly date Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) terminal moraines and deglaciation in the central Brooks Range. Be-10 ages from moraine boulders indicate that the LGM culminated at ca. 21 ka and was followed by substantial retreat upvalley prior to a second moraine-building episode culminating at ca. 17 ka. Subsequent rapid deglaciation occurred between ca. 16 ka and 15 ka, when glaciers receded to within their Neoglacial limits. Initial deglaciation after the LGM was likely caused by ice sheet-induced atmospheric circulation changes and increasing insolation. Brooks Range glaciers largely disappeared during Heinrich Stadial 1, prior to significant warming in the North Atlantic region during the Bolling-Allerod, but coincident with global CO2 rise. Glacier fluctuations during the late-glacial period, if any, were restricted to within their Neoglacial extents. This new chronology suggests that ice sheet-modulated atmospheric circulation and global CO2 dominate glacial climate forcings in Arctic Alaska.
C1 [Pendleton, Simon L.; Ceperley, Elizabeth G.; Briner, Jason P.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Kaufman, Darrell S.] Univ Arizona, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.
   [Zimmerman, Susan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Pendleton, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, UCB 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RI Kaufman, Darrell/A-2471-2008
OI Kaufman, Darrell/0000-0002-7572-1414
FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1107854, ARC-1107662]; Murie Science
   and Learning Center Fellowship; SUNY Buffalo grant
FX We thank Kathryn Ladig for field assistance, Sam Kelley, Nicolas Young,
   Sylvia Choi, and Mathew McClellan for laboratory assistance, and Fred
   Luiszer for ICP measurements. Samples were collected with National Park
   Service permission in Gates of the Arctic National Park & Preserve. This
   work was supported by National Science Foundation grants ARC-1107854 and
   ARC-1107662 to Briner and Kaufman, respectively, and a Murie Science and
   Learning Center Fellowship and SUNY Buffalo grant to Pendleton. Comments
   by Jacob Heyman, Dave Barbeau, Jeff Bond, and two anonymous reviewers
   greatly improved this manuscript.
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 8
PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA
SN 0091-7613
EI 1943-2682
J9 GEOLOGY
JI Geology
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 43
IS 5
BP 419
EP 422
DI 10.1130/G36430.1
PG 4
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA CM3XT
UT WOS:000357619400013
ER

PT J
AU Xu, FH
   Curty, M
   Qi, B
   Lo, HK
AF Xu, Feihu
   Curty, Marcos
   Qi, Bing
   Lo, Hoi-Kwong
TI Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Cryptography
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Quantum key distribution (QKD); quantum cryptography; quantum hacking;
   measurement-device-independent QKD; quantum communication
ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; KEY DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; UNCONDITIONAL
   SECURITY; PROOF; CRYPTOSYSTEMS; EFFICIENCY; NETWORK; ATTACK
AB In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on the laws of physics. Owing to the imperfections of real-life implementations, however, there is a big gap between the theory and practice of QKD, which has been recently exploited by several quantum hacking activities. To fill this gap, a novel approach, called measurement-device-independent QKD (mdiQKD), has been proposed. It can remove all side-channels from the measurement unit, arguably the most vulnerable part in QKD systems, thus offering a clear avenue toward secure QKD realisations. Here, we review the latest developments in the framework of mdiQKD, together with its assumptions, strengths, and weaknesses.
C1 [Xu, Feihu; Lo, Hoi-Kwong] Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
   [Xu, Feihu; Lo, Hoi-Kwong] Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
   [Xu, Feihu] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Curty, Marcos] Univ Vigo, Escuela Ingn Telecomunicac, Dept Signal Theory & Commun, E-36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
   [Qi, Bing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Informat Sci Grp, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Xu, FH (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ctr Quantum Informat & Quantum Control, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
EM tigerfeihuxu@gmail.com; mcurty@com.uvigo.es; qib1@ornl.gov;
   hklo@comm.utoronto.ca
RI Qi, Bing/J-5028-2014
OI Qi, Bing/0000-0001-7723-8998
FU NSERC; CRC program; Connaught Innovation fund; Industry Canada; European
   Regional Development Fund; Spanish National Research and Development
   Program under Project Terasense [CSD2008-00068]; Galician Regional
   Government [CN2012/279, CN 2012/260]; consolidation of Research Unit:
   AtlantTIC; consolidation of Research Unit: program Ayudas Para Proyectos
   de Investigacion Desarrollados por Investigadores Emergentes; Laboratory
   Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory; Shahid U.H. Qureshi Memorial Scholarship; OGS VISA Award
FX This work was supported in part by NSERC, the CRC program, Connaught
   Innovation fund and Industry Canada, the European Regional Development
   Fund, the Spanish National Research and Development Program under
   Project Terasense CSD2008-00068 (Consolider-Ingenio 2010), the Galician
   Regional Government (Projects CN2012/279 and CN 2012/260, consolidation
   of Research Units: AtlantTIC, and the program Ayudas Para Proyectos de
   Investigacion Desarrollados por Investigadores Emergentes), and the
   Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S.
   Department of Energy. The work of F. Xu was supported by the Shahid U.H.
   Qureshi Memorial Scholarship and the OGS VISA Award.
NR 94
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 22
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1077-260X
EI 1558-4542
J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT
JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 21
IS 3
AR 6601111
DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2381460
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA CM4HR
UT WOS:000357645900001
ER

PT J
AU Murphy, DJ
   Horner, RM
   Clark, CE
AF Murphy, David J.
   Horner, Robert M.
   Clark, Corrie E.
TI The impact of off-site land use energy intensity on the overall life
   cycle land use energy intensity for utility-scale solar electricity
   generation technologies
SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; SYSTEMS
AB Estimates of the amount of land used for a defined amount of utility-scale electricity generation in the solar power industry, referred to as solar land use energy intensity (LUEI), are important to decision makers for evaluating the environmental impact of energy technology choices. In general, solar energy tends to have a larger on-site LUEI than that of fossil fuels because the energy generated per square meter of power plant area is much lower. Unfortunately, there are few studies that quantify the off-site LUEI for utility-scale solar energy, and of those that do, they share common methodologies and data sets. In this study, we develop a new method for calculating the off-site LUEI for utility-scale solar energy for three different technologies: silicon photovoltaic (Si-PV), cadmium-telluride (CdTe) PV, and parabolic trough concentrated solar thermal. Our results indicate that the off-site LUEI is most likely 1% or less of the on-site LUEI for each technology. Although our results have some inherent uncertainties, they fall within an order of magnitude of other estimates in the literature. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Murphy, David J.] St Lawrence Univ, Canton, NY 13617 USA.
   [Horner, Robert M.; Clark, Corrie E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Horner, RM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM rhorner@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Solar Energy Technology
FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC,
   Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S.
   Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Argonne's work was supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
   Office of Solar Energy Technology. The U.S. Government retains for
   itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive,
   irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare
   derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly
   and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1941-7012
J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER
JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 3
AR 033116
DI 10.1063/1.4921650
PG 9
WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels
GA CM4WA
UT WOS:000357684800017
ER

PT J
AU Bushnell, P
   Morozova, T
   Hester, S
   Ward, M
   Oshiro, W
   Lin, M
   McKee, J
   Higuchi, M
   Boyes, W
   Judson, R
   Tatum-Gibbs, K
   Mackay, TFC
AF Bushnell, P.
   Morozova, T.
   Hester, S.
   Ward, M.
   Oshiro, W.
   Lin, M.
   McKee, J.
   Higuchi, M.
   Boyes, W.
   Judson, R.
   Tatum-Gibbs, K.
   Mackay, T. F. C.
TI Neurogenetics of toluene in Drosophila
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Neurobehavioral-Teratology-Society (NBTS) /
   15th Biennial Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association
   (INA) Held in Conjunction with the 55th Annual Meeting of the
   Teratology-Society
CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2015
CL Montreal, CANADA
SP Neurobehavioral Teratol Soc, Int Neurotoxicol Assoc, Teratol Soc
C1 [Bushnell, P.; Hester, S.; Ward, M.; Oshiro, W.; McKee, J.; Higuchi, M.; Boyes, W.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   [Morozova, T.; Mackay, T. F. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   [Lin, M.; Tatum-Gibbs, K.] ORISE Fellowship Program, Atlanta, NC USA.
   [Judson, R.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, ORD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-0362
EI 1872-9738
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 49
MA NTX32
BP 110
EP 111
DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.04.038
PG 2
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA CL7HI
UT WOS:000357142700042
ER

PT J
AU Lorenzo-Martin, C
   Ajayi, OO
AF Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta
   Ajayi, Oyelayo O.
TI Rapid surface hardening and enhanced tribological performance of 4140
   steel by friction stir processing
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Wear of Materials Conference (WOM)
CY APR 12-16, 2015
CL Toronto, CANADA
DE FSP; Surface hardening; Friction; Wear; Phase transformation; Grain
   refinement
ID CARBON-STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION
AB Tribological performance of steel materials can be substantially enhanced by various thermal surface hardening processes. For relatively low-carbon steel alloys, case carburization is often used to improve surface performance and durability. If the carbon content of steel is high enough (> 0.4%), thermal treatments such as induction, flame, laser, etc. can produce adequate surface hardening without the need for surface compositional change. This paper presents an experimental study of the use of friction stir processing (FSP) as a means to hardened surface layer in AISI 4140 steel. The impacts of this surface hardening process on the friction and wear performance were evaluated under both dry and lubricated contact conditions in reciprocating sliding. FSP produced the same level of hardening and superior tribological performance when compared to conventional thermal treatment, using only 10% of the energy and without the need for quenching treatments. With FSP surface hardness of about 7.8 GPa (62 Rc) was achieved while water quenching conventional heat treatment produced about 7.5 GPa (61 Rc) hardness. Microstructural analysis showed that both FSP and conventional heat treatment produced martensite. Although the friction behavior for FSP treated surfaces and the conventional heat treatment were about the same, the wear in FSP processed surfaces was reduced by almost 2 x that of conventional heat treated surfaces. The superior performance is attributed to the observed grain refinement accompanying the FSP treatment in addition to the formation of martensite. As it relates to tribological performance, this study shows FSP to be an effective, highly energy efficient, and environmental friendly (green) alternative to conventional heat treatment for steel. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta; Ajayi, Oyelayo O.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Ajayi, OO (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM ajayi@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
   Office of Vehicle Technologies [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of
   Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency
   and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under contract
   DE-ACO2-06CH11357. The electron microscopy was accomplished at the EMC
   at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of
   Science Laboratory operated under Contract no. DE-ACO2-06CH11357 by
   UChicago Argonne, LLC.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
EI 1873-2577
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 332
SI SI
BP 962
EP 970
DI 10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.052
PG 9
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA CM1JV
UT WOS:000357438100040
ER

PT J
AU Cai, ZB
   Zhou, Y
   Qu, J
AF Cai, Zhen-bing
   Zhou, Yan
   Qu, Jun
TI Effect of oil temperature on tribological behavior of a lubricated
   steel-steel contact
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Wear of Materials Conference (WOM)
CY APR 12-16, 2015
CL Toronto, CANADA
DE Base oil; Temperature; Moisture; Oxidation; Wear mechanism; Surface film
ID WATER; WEAR; CONTAMINATION; PERFORMANCE
AB Tribological tests were conducted on an AISI A2 steel plate against an AISI 51200 steel ball lubricated by SAE 0W30 and PAO 4 cSt base oils containing no additive package. Friction and wear behaviors were evaluated at room temperature (RT, 23 degrees C) and a series of elevated temperatures (75, 100, 125 and 175 degrees C). The steady-state friction coefficient appeared to be proportional to the oil temperature, probably because reduced oil viscosity at a higher temperature caused more surface asperity collisions. In contrast, wear results did not follow the trend: the wear rate surprisingly decreased when the oil temperature increased from RI to 75 - 100 degrees C, and then turned around to increase along with the temperature at above 100 degrees C. Evidentially, there are other significant factors than just the oil viscosity that influence the wear process upon the temperature change. Wear scar morphology examination and surface chemical analysis revealed an oxide-containing surface film on the wear scars and higher oxide content and larger film coverage seemed to reduce the wear rate. Therefore, the wear mechanism is proposed as a combined effect of mechanical material removal and protective surface film formation: the former largely depending on oil viscosity that is inversely proportional to the temperature and the latter involving surface and wear debris oxidation that is promoted by temperature elevation as well as the water content (up to 100 degrees C) in the oil. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cai, Zhen-bing] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Tribol Res Inst, Key Lab Adv Technol Mat, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China.
   [Cai, Zhen-bing; Zhou, Yan; Qu, Jun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Zhou, Yan] Texas A&M Univ, Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Qu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM qujn@ornl.gov
OI Zhou, Yan/0000-0001-6715-3712; Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179
FU Vehicle Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy; US Department of Energy; China Scholarship Council; UT-Battelle,
   LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX The authors thank Drs. X.-g. Sun and H.M. Meyer III from ORNL for
   measuring water content in the oil, and discussing the XPS results,
   respectively. The authors also thank A.G. Bro from Exxon-Mobil for
   providing the PAO base oil and T. Daniels and J. Green from Chevron for
   providing the 0W30 base oil. This research was sponsored by the Vehicle
   Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
   and US Department of Energy. Dr. Z.-b. Cai was supported by the China
   Scholarship Council Study Abroad Fund.; Notice: This manuscript has been
   authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with
   the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and
   the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges
   that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up,
   irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published
   form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States
   Government purposes.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 8
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
EI 1873-2577
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 332
SI SI
BP 1158
EP 1163
DI 10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.064
PG 6
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA CM1JV
UT WOS:000357438100064
ER

PT J
AU Olofinjana, B
   Lorenzo-Martin, C
   Ajayi, OO
   Ajayi, EO
AF Olofinjana, Bolutife
   Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta
   Ajayi, Oyelayo O.
   Ajayi, Ezekiel O.
TI Effect of laser surface texturing (LST) on tribochemical films dynamics
   and friction and wear performance
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Wear of Materials Conference (WOM)
CY APR 12-16, 2015
CL Toronto, CANADA
DE LST; Tribochemical films; Oil additives; Friction; Wear; Lubrication
   regimes
ID BOUNDARY LUBRICATION; SLIDING CONTACT; TRIBOFILMS; REDUCTION; FACES
AB Surface texturing or topographical design is one of the primary techniques to control friction and wear performance of surfaces in tribological contact. Laser surface texturing (LST), whereby a laser beam is used to produce regular arrays of dimples on a surface, has been demonstrated to reduce friction in conformal lubricated contacts. Friction and wear behavior under boundary lubrication is also known to be dependent on the formation and durability of the tribochemical film formed from lubricant additives. In this paper, the effects of LST on the formation and durability of tribochemical films and its consequent impacts on friction and wear behavior in various lubrication regimes were evaluated. Friction and wear tests that cycled through different lubrication regimes were conducted with both polished and LST treated surfaces using a synthetic lubricant with and without model additives of ZDDP and MoDTC mixture. In the base oil without additives, LST produced noticeable reduction in friction in all lubrication regimes. However, with low-friction model additives, friction was higher in tests with LST due to significant differences in the tribochemical film formation in the polished and LST surfaces, as well as the sliding counterface. Continuous tribo-films were formed on ball conterface rubbed against polished surfaces while the films were streaky and discontinuous in ball rubbed against IST surfaces. LST produced more wear on the ball counterface in both base and additized oils. No measurable wear was observed in both the polished and LST flat specimens. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Olofinjana, Bolutife; Lorenzo-Martin, Cinta; Ajayi, Oyelayo O.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Olofinjana, Bolutife; Ajayi, Ezekiel O.] Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Phys, Ife, Nigeria.
RP Ajayi, OO (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM ajayi@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
   Office of Vehicle Technologies [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; UChicago Argonne,
   LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency
   and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under Contract
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. The electron microscopy was accomplished at the EMC
   at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of
   Science Laboratory operated under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by
   UChicago Argonne, LLC.
NR 20
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
EI 1873-2577
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 332
SI SI
BP 1225
EP 1230
DI 10.1016/j.wear.2015.02.050
PG 6
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA CM1JV
UT WOS:000357438100072
ER

PT J
AU Qu, J
   Meyer, HM
   Cai, ZB
   Ma, C
   Luo, HM
AF Qu, Jun
   Meyer, Harry M., III
   Cai, Zhen-Bing
   Ma, Cheng
   Luo, Huimin
TI Characterization of ZDDP and ionic liquid tribofilms on non-metallic
   coatings providing insights of tribofilm formation mechanisms
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Wear of Materials Conference (WOM)
CY APR 12-16, 2015
CL Toronto, CANADA
DE ZDDP; Ionic liquid; Coating; Boride; DLC; Tribofilm
ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; LUBRICANT ADDITIVES; ANTIWEAR PERFORMANCE; WEAR
   MECHANISMS; FRICTION; BEHAVIOR; FILMS; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; TRIBOLOGY;
   ALUMINUM
AB Lubricant anti-wear additives are known to chemically interact with metallic surfaces to form a self-healing, wear-protection tribofilm. Their interactions with non-metallic surfaces are however less understood. Here we report recent findings on whether and how a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) and a phosphonium-organophosphate ionic liquid (IL) form tribofilms on three hard coatings, AlMgB14-TiB2, TiB2, and diamond like carbon (a-C:H DLC), when sliding against a steel ball. Systematic characterization was conducted on the coating wear scars including top surface morphology imaging and elemental mapping, layer-by-layer chemical analysis, and cross section nanostructural examination. The ZDDP and IL tribofilms on the boride coatings are up to 50-70 am thick with 75-80% surface coverage while the tribofilms on DLC were <25 nm thick and only covered 20-30% of the contact area. The presence of iron compounds in the tribofilms suggests a critical role for wear debris in tribofilm formation. Oxidation products of TiB2 were detected in the tribofilms, while no involvement of the DLC surface in tribofilm formation was observed. Results suggest that wear debris digestion and contact surface reaction both are critical in tribofilm formation: the former process is responsible in forming the bulk of the tribofilm and the latter provides strong bonding of the tribofilm to the contact surface. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Qu, Jun; Meyer, Harry M., III; Cai, Zhen-Bing; Ma, Cheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
   [Cai, Zhen-Bing] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Key Lab Adv Technol Mat, Tribol Res Inst, Leshan, Peoples R China.
   [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
RP Qu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008,MS-6063, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
EM qujn@ornl.gov
RI Ma, Cheng/C-9120-2014; 
OI Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179
FU Vehicle Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); UT-Battelle, LLC
   [DE-AC05-000R22725]; U.S. Department of Energy
FX The authors thank Dr. Y. Zhou from ORNL for cross-sectional SEM imaging
   and EDS elemental mapping of the coatings, D.W. Coffey from ORNL for TEM
   sample preparation, Dr. M. Chi from ORNL for discussion in TEM analysis,
   C. Higdon from Eaton for providing the boride coatings, P. Kay from HEF
   for providing the DLC coating, and Dr. E. Bardasz from Lubrizol for
   providing the ZDDP, respectively. Research sponsored by the Vehicle
   Technologies Office, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,
   U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).; Notice: This report has been authored
   by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725 with the U.S.
   Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the
   publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that
   the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up,
   irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published
   form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States
   Government purposes.
NR 45
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U1 4
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
EI 1873-2577
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 332
SI SI
BP 1273
EP 1285
DI 10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.076
PG 13
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA CM1JV
UT WOS:000357438100078
ER

PT J
AU Scharf, TW
   Prasad, SV
   Kotula, PG
   Michael, JR
   Robino, CV
AF Scharf, T. W.
   Prasad, S. V.
   Kotula, P. G.
   Michael, J. R.
   Robino, C. V.
TI Elevated temperature tribology of cobalt and tantalum-based alloys
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20th International Wear of Materials Conference (WOM)
CY APR 12-16, 2015
CL Toronto, CANADA
DE Sliding wear; High temperature wear; Cobalt alloys; Tantalum alloys;
   Glaze layer
ID SURFACE MODIFICATIONS; SLIDING WEAR; FRICTION; BEHAVIOR; METALS
AB This paper describes the friction and wear behavior of a Co-Cr alloy sliding on a Ta-W alloy. Measurements were performed in a pin-on-flat configuration with a hemispherically tipped Co-base alloy pin sliding on a Ta-W alloy flat from ambient to 430 degrees C. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify the friction-induced changes to the chemistry and crystal structure in the subsurface regions of wear tracks. During sliding contact, transfer of material varied as a function of the test temperature, either from pin-to-flat, flat-to-pin, or both, resulting in either wear loss and/or volume gain. Friction coefficients (mu) and wear rates also varied as a function of test temperature. The lowest friction coefficient (mu=0.25) and wear rate (1 x 10(-4) mm(3)/N m) were observed at 430 degrees C in argon atmosphere. This was attributed to the formation of a Co-base metal oxide layer (glaze), predominantly (Co, Cr)O with Rocksalt crystal structure, on the pin surface. Part of this oxide film transferred to the wear track on Ta-W, providing a self-mated oxide-on-oxide contact. Once the oxide glaze is formed, it is able to provide friction reduction for the entire temperature range of this study; ambient to 430 degrees C. The results of this study indicate that glazing the surfaces of Haynes alloys with continuous layers of cobalt chrome oxide prior to wear could protect the cladded surfaces from damage. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Scharf, T. W.; Prasad, S. V.; Kotula, P. G.; Michael, J. R.; Robino, C. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Prasad, SV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM svprasa@sandia.gov
RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011
OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge Rand Garfield for design and
   construction of the high temperature wear tester. We also thank Lisa
   Marie Lowery, Michael Rye and Garry Bryant for preparing focused ion
   beam samples, Amy Allen for scanning electron microscopy studies, and
   Jon-Erik Mogonye for optical profilometry rendering and analysis. The
   authors also acknowledge Thomas Buchheit for reviewing the manuscript.
   Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
   operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
   Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 16
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U1 7
U2 27
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
EI 1873-2577
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 330
SI SI
BP 199
EP 208
DI 10.1016/j.wear.2014.12.051
PG 10
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA CM1JU
UT WOS:000357438000023
ER

PT J
AU Anderson, KS
   Pepe, M
   Marks, J
   Engstrom, P
   Patriotis, C
   Zangar, R
   Skates, S
   Lampe, P
   LaBaer, J
   Li, CI
AF Anderson, Karen S.
   Pepe, Margaret
   Marks, Jeffrey
   Engstrom, Paul
   Patriotis, Christos
   Zangar, Richard
   Skates, Steven
   Lampe, Paul
   LaBaer, Joshua
   Li, Christopher I.
TI A blinded multicenter phase II study of a panel of plasma biomarkers for
   the detection of triple negative breast cancer
SO CANCER RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 37th Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium
CY DEC 09-13, 2014
CL San Antonio, TX
SP Canc Therapy Res Ctr, Amer Assoc Canc Res
C1 [Anderson, Karen S.; LaBaer, Joshua] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA.
   [Pepe, Margaret; Lampe, Paul; Li, Christopher I.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Marks, Jeffrey] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA.
   [Engstrom, Paul] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USA.
   [Patriotis, Christos] Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA.
   [Zangar, Richard] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA.
   [Skates, Steven] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA
SN 0008-5472
EI 1538-7445
J9 CANCER RES
JI Cancer Res.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 75
SU 9
MA P4-02-05
PG 2
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA CL1UK
UT WOS:000356730202156
ER

PT J
AU Snow, MS
   Snyder, DC
   Mann, NR
   White, BM
AF Snow, Mathew S.
   Snyder, Darin C.
   Mann, Nick R.
   White, Byron M.
TI Method for ultra-trace cesium isotope ratio measurements from
   environmental samples using thermal ionization mass spectrometry
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Cesium-135; Cesium-137; Ammonium molybdophosphate
ID POWER-PLANT ACCIDENT; RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION; FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE;
   COMPOSITE SORBENTS; SEDIMENT SAMPLES; AMP-PAN; NUCLEAR; CS-137;
   ADSORPTION; CS-137/CS-135
AB Cs-135/Cs-137 isotope ratios can provide the age, origin and history of environmental Cs contamination. Relatively high precision Cs-135/Cs-137 isotope ratio measurements from samples containing femtogram quantities of (CS)-C-137 are needed to accurately track contamination resuspension and redistribution following environmental Cs-137 releases; however, mass spectrometric analyses of environmental samples are limited by the large quantities of ionization inhibitors and isobaric interferences which are present at relatively high concentrations in the environment. We report a new approach for Cs purification from environmental samples. An initial ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrylonitrile (AMP-PAN) column provides a robust, selective method for extracting Cs under a wide variety of sample matrices and mass loads. Application of a novel cation exchange separation approach using AMP-PAN results in more than two orders of magnitude greater Cs/Rb separation factors than commercially available strong cation exchangers. Final sample purification using a microcation column (AG50W resin) enables consistent 2-4% (2 sigma) measurement errors for samples containing 3-6000 fg Cs-137, representing the highest precision (CS)-C-135/Cs-137 ratio measurements currently reported for soil samples at the femtogram level. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Snow, Mathew S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   [Snow, Mathew S.; Snyder, Darin C.; Mann, Nick R.; White, Byron M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Snow, MS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM mathew.snow@inl.gov
RI Snyder, Darin/B-6863-2017
OI Snyder, Darin/0000-0001-8104-4248
FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security [2012-DN-130-NF0001-02]; Battelle
   Energy Alliance, LLC [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; U.S. Department of Energy
FX This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S.
   Department of Homeland Security under Grant Award Number,
   2012-DN-130-NF0001-02, and in part, by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC
   under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
   Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their
   employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal
   liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or
   usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed,
   or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
   References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or
   service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not
   necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or
   favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Views and
   opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or
   reflect those of the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.
NR 29
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U2 20
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1387-3806
EI 1873-2798
J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM
JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 381
BP 17
EP 24
DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2015.03.006
PG 8
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA CL8LT
UT WOS:000357226900003
ER

PT J
AU Park, Y
   Eriksson, N
   Keiser, DD
   Jue, JF
   Rabin, B
   Moore, G
   Sohn, YH
AF Park, Y.
   Eriksson, N.
   Keiser, D. D., Jr.
   Jue, J. F.
   Rabin, B.
   Moore, G.
   Sohn, Y. H.
TI Microstructural anomalies in hot-isostatic pressed U-10 wt.% Mo fuel
   plates with Zr diffusion barrier
SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Uranium alloy; Zirconium; Microstructure; Transmission electron
   microscopy
ID DISPERSION FUEL; HIGH-DENSITY; URANIUM; ALLOY; MATRIX
AB Microstructural anomalies in the co-rolled-and-HIP'ed U-10 wt.% Mo (U10Mo) metallic fuel plate with Zr diffusion barrier assembly were examined as a function of HIP temperature (from 520 to 580 degrees C) and duration (45, 60, 90, 180 and 345 min) by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The anomalies observed in this study are carbide/oxide inclusions within the U10Mo fuel alloy, and regions of limited interaction between the U10Mo alloy and Zr barrier, frequently associated with carbide/oxide inclusions. In the U10Mo alloy, the cF8, Fm3m (225) UC phase (a = 4.955 angstrom) and cF12, Fm3m (225) UO2 phase (a = 5.467 angstrom) were observed throughout the U10Mo alloy with an approximate volume percent of 0.5 to 1.8. The volume percent of the UC-UO2 inclusions within the U10Mo alloy did not change as functions of HIP temperature and time. These inclusion phases, located near the surface of the U10Mo alloy, were frequently observed to impede the development of interdiffusion and reaction between the U10Mo alloy and Zr diffusion barrier. The regions of limited interaction between the U10Mo and Zr barrier decreased with an increase in HIP temperature, however no noticeable trend was observed with an increase in HIP duration at constant temperature of 560 degrees C. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Park, Y.; Eriksson, N.; Sohn, Y. H.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
   [Keiser, D. D., Jr.; Jue, J. F.; Rabin, B.; Moore, G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA.
RP Sohn, YH (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
EM Yongho.Sohn@ucf.edu
RI Sohn, Yongho/A-8517-2010
OI Sohn, Yongho/0000-0003-3723-4743
FU U.S. Department of Energy under DOE-NE Idaho Operations Office Contract
   [DE-AC07-05ID14517]
FX The work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE-NE
   Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 administered by
   Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC. The U. S. Government retains and the
   publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that
   the U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable,
   world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this
   manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.
NR 37
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U1 2
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1044-5803
EI 1873-4189
J9 MATER CHARACT
JI Mater. Charact.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 103
BP 50
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2015.03.015
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CL7HF
UT WOS:000357142400007
ER

PT J
AU Franek, JB
   Nogami, SH
   Demidov, VI
   Koepke, ME
   Barnat, EV
AF Franek, J. B.
   Nogami, S. H.
   Demidov, V. I.
   Koepke, M. E.
   Barnat, E. V.
TI Correlating metastable-atom density, reduced electric field, and
   electron energy distribution in the post-transient stage of a 1-Torr
   argon discharge
SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE optical emission spectroscopy (OES); 420.1-419.8 nm emission-line ratio;
   1s(5) metastable argon atom; reduced electric field (E/N); electron
   energy distribution; time-resolved; extended corona model
ID COLLISIONAL-RADIATIVE MODEL; EXCITATION; HELIUM; NEON
AB Temporal measurement of electron density, metastable-atom density, and reduced electric field are used to infer the dynamic behavior of the excitation rates describing electron-atom collision-induced excitation in the positive column of a 1 Torr argon plasma by invoking plausible assumptions regarding the shape of the electron energy distribution function performed in Adams et al (2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 023510). These inferred rates are used to predict the 420.1 nm to 419.8 nm argon emission ratio, which agree with experimental results when the assumptions are applicable. Thus the observed emission ratio is demonstrated to be dependent on the metastable-atom density, electron density, and reduced electric field. The established confidence in the validity of this emission-line-ratio model allows us to predict metastable argon-atom density during the post-transient phase of the pulse as suggested by De Joseph et al (2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 036410). Similar inferences of electron density and reduced electric field based on readily available diagnostic signatures may also be afforded by this model.
C1 [Franek, J. B.; Nogami, S. H.; Demidov, V. I.; Koepke, M. E.] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
   [Demidov, V. I.] ITMO Univ, St Petersburg 197101, Russia.
   [Barnat, E. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Franek, JB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
EM jfranek@mix.wvu.edu
RI Demidov, Vladimir/A-4247-2013
OI Demidov, Vladimir/0000-0002-2672-7684
FU US Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001939];
   National Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL; ITMO
   [713577]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of this work by the
   US Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (DE-SC0001939).
   The research of VID has also been partially supported by a National
   Research Council Research Associateship Award at AFRL and by ITMO Grant
   No. 713577.
NR 31
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Z9 6
U1 3
U2 13
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0963-0252
EI 1361-6595
J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T
JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 24
IS 3
AR 034009
DI 10.1088/0963-0252/24/3/034009
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CL3NX
UT WOS:000356857800017
ER

PT J
AU Hua, X
   Marshall, MJ
   Xiong, YJ
   Ma, X
   Zhou, YF
   Tucker, AE
   Zhu, ZH
   Liu, SQ
   Yu, XY
AF Hua, Xin
   Marshall, Matthew J.
   Xiong, Yijia
   Ma, Xiang
   Zhou, Yufan
   Tucker, Abigail E.
   Zhu, Zihua
   Liu, Songqin
   Yu, Xiao-Ying
TI Two-dimensional and three-dimensional dynamic imaging of live biofilms
   in a microchannel by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
SO BIOMICROFLUIDICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TOF-SIMS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; SURFACES; CELLS
AB A vacuum compatible microfluidic reactor, SALVI (System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface), was employed for in situ chemical imaging of live biofilms using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Depth profiling by sputtering materials in sequential layers resulted in live biofilm spatial chemical mapping. Two-dimensional (2D) images were reconstructed to report the first three-dimensional images of hydrated biofilm elucidating spatial and chemical heterogeneity. 2D image principal component analysis was conducted among biofilms at different locations in the microchannel. Our approach directly visualized spatial and chemical heterogeneity within the living biofilm by dynamic liquid ToF-SIMS. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hua, Xin; Liu, Songqin] Southeast Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Hua, Xin; Yu, Xiao-Ying] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Climate Change Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Marshall, Matthew J.; Tucker, Abigail E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Xiong, Yijia] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Osteopath Med, Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355 USA.
   [Ma, Xiang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Zhou, Yufan; Zhu, Zihua] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Liu, SQ (reprint author), Southeast Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
EM liusq@seu.edu.cn; xiaoying.yu@pnnl.gov
RI Liu, Songqin/O-2680-2013; Zhu, Zihua/K-7652-2012; Ma, Xiang/E-4173-2013;
   
OI Ma, Xiang/0000-0001-9427-8385; Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109;
   Marshall, Matthew J/0000-0002-2402-8003
FU Chemical Imaging Initiative-Laboratory Directed Research and
   Development; Quick Deployment Funds of the Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. DOE Office of Science Early Career Research
   Award [60385]; DOE
FX We are grateful for the support from the Chemical Imaging
   Initiative-Laboratory Directed Research and Development and the Quick
   Deployment Funds of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).
   Biofilm studies were also funded by a U.S. DOE Office of Science Early
   Career Research Award (60385, M.J.M.). The authors thank Dr. Daniel
   Graham for his suggestions on PCA analysis, Dr. Bingwen Liu and Dr. Li
   Yang for their assistance in SALVI fabrication, Mr. William Chrisler for
   CLSM imaging, Ms. Zhaoying Wang for ToF-SIMS operation, and Ms. Zhuoran
   Duan for MATLAB programming. The research was performed in the W. R.
   Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a National Scientific
   User Facility sponsored by the DOE and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated
   for DOE by Battelle. A U.S. patent (20140038224 A1) was filed by
   Battelle.
NR 27
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 12
U2 44
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1932-1058
J9 BIOMICROFLUIDICS
JI Biomicrofluidics
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 3
AR 031101
DI 10.1063/1.4919807
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biophysics; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Science & Technology -
   Other Topics; Physics
GA CL6PU
UT WOS:000357090100001
PM 26015837
ER

PT J
AU Bohnenstengel, SI
   Belcher, SE
   Aiken, A
   Allan, JD
   Allen, G
   Bacak, A
   Bannan, TJ
   Barlow, JF
   Beddows, DCS
   Bloss, WJ
   Booth, AM
   Chemel, C
   Coceal, O
   Di Marco, CF
   Dubey, MK
   Faloon, KH
   Fleming, ZL
   Furger, M
   Gietl, JK
   Graves, RR
   Green, DC
   Grimmond, CSB
   Halios, CH
   Hamilton, JF
   Harrison, RM
   Heal, MR
   Heard, DE
   Helfter, C
   Herndon, SC
   Holmes, RE
   Hopkins, JR
   Jones, AM
   Kelly, FJ
   Kotthaus, S
   Langford, B
   Lee, JD
   Leigh, RJ
   Lewis, AC
   Lidster, RT
   Lopez-Hilfiker, FD
   McQuaid, JB
   Mohr, C
   Monks, PS
   Nemitz, E
   Ng, NL
   Percival, CJ
   Prevot, ASH
   Ricketts, HMA
   Sokhi, R
   Stone, D
   Thornton, JA
   Tremper, AH
   Valach, AC
   Visser, S
   Whalley, LK
   Williams, LR
   Xu, L
   Young, DE
   Zotter, P
AF Bohnenstengel, S. I.
   Belcher, S. E.
   Aiken, A.
   Allan, J. D.
   Allen, G.
   Bacak, A.
   Bannan, T. J.
   Barlow, J. F.
   Beddows, D. C. S.
   Bloss, W. J.
   Booth, A. M.
   Chemel, C.
   Coceal, O.
   Di Marco, C. F.
   Dubey, M. K.
   Faloon, K. H.
   Fleming, Z. L.
   Furger, M.
   Gietl, J. K.
   Graves, R. R.
   Green, D. C.
   Grimmond, C. S. B.
   Halios, C. H.
   Hamilton, J. F.
   Harrison, R. M.
   Heal, M. R.
   Heard, D. E.
   Helfter, C.
   Herndon, S. C.
   Holmes, R. E.
   Hopkins, J. R.
   Jones, A. M.
   Kelly, F. J.
   Kotthaus, S.
   Langford, B.
   Lee, J. D.
   Leigh, R. J.
   Lewis, A. C.
   Lidster, R. T.
   Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D.
   McQuaid, J. B.
   Mohr, C.
   Monks, P. S.
   Nemitz, E.
   Ng, N. L.
   Percival, C. J.
   Prevot, A. S. H.
   Ricketts, H. M. A.
   Sokhi, R.
   Stone, D.
   Thornton, J. A.
   Tremper, A. H.
   Valach, A. C.
   Visser, S.
   Whalley, L. K.
   Williams, L. R.
   Xu, L.
   Young, D. E.
   Zotter, P.
TI METEOROLOGY, AIR QUALITY, AND HEALTH IN LONDON The ClearfLo Project
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER;
   URBAN AREAS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; DOPPLER LIDAR; UK;
   POLLUTION; FLUXES
AB Air quality and heat are strong health drivers, and their accurate assessment and forecast are important in densely populated urban areas. However, the sources and processes leading to high concentrations of main pollutants, such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine and coarse particulate matter, in complex urban areas are not fully understood, limiting our ability to forecast air quality accurately. This paper introduces the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo; www.clearflo.ac.uk) project's interdisciplinary approach to investigate the processes leading to poor air quality and elevated temperatures.Within ClearfLo, a large multi-institutional project funded by the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), integrated measurements of meteorology and gaseous, and particulate composition/loading within the atmosphere of London, United Kingdom, were undertaken to understand the processes underlying poor air quality. Long-term measurement infrastructure installed at multiple levels (street and elevated), and at urban background, curbside, and rural locations were complemented with high-resolution numerical atmospheric simulations. Combining these (measurement-modeling) enhances understanding of seasonal variations in meteorology and composition together with the controlling processes. Two intensive observation periods (winter 2012 and the Summer Olympics of 2012) focus upon the vertical structure and evolution of the urban boundary layer; chemical controls on nitrogen dioxide and ozone productionin particular, the role of volatile organic compounds; and processes controlling the evolution, size, distribution, and composition of particulate matter. The paper shows that mixing heights are deeper over London than in the rural surroundings and that the seasonality of the urban boundary layer evolution controls when concentrations peak. The composition also reflects the seasonality of sources such as domestic burning and biogenic emissions.
C1 [Bohnenstengel, S. I.; Belcher, S. E.; Barlow, J. F.; Grimmond, C. S. B.; Halios, C. H.; Kotthaus, S.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England.
   [Aiken, A.; Dubey, M. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Syst Observat, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
   [Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
   [Allan, J. D.; Bacak, A.; Bannan, T. J.; Booth, A. M.; Percival, C. J.; Ricketts, H. M. A.; Young, D. E.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England.
   [Beddows, D. C. S.; Bloss, W. J.; Faloon, K. H.; Gietl, J. K.; Jones, A. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
   [Chemel, C.] Univ Hertfordshire, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
   [Coceal, O.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England.
   [Di Marco, C. F.; Helfter, C.; Langford, B.; Nemitz, E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Fleming, Z. L.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
   [Fleming, Z. L.] Univ Leicester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leicester, Leics, England.
   [Furger, M.; Prevot, A. S. H.; Visser, S.; Zotter, P.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland.
   [Graves, R. R.; Leigh, R. J.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
   [Green, D. C.; Tremper, A. H.] Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Sci, London, England.
   [Hamilton, J. F.; Holmes, R. E.; Lidster, R. T.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Harrison, R. M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia.
   [Harrison, R. M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Environm Studies, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia.
   [Harrison, R. M.] Univ Birmingham, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
   [Harrison, R. M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England.
   [Heal, M. R.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Heard, D. E.; Stone, D.; Whalley, L. K.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Herndon, S. C.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Atmospher & Environm Chem, Billerica, MA USA.
   [Hopkins, J. R.; Lewis, A. C.] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Kelly, F. J.] MRC, Publ Hlth England Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England.
   [Kelly, F. J.] Kings Coll London, London, England.
   [Lee, J. D.] Univ York, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Lee, J. D.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D.; Mohr, C.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [McQuaid, J. B.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England.
   [Monks, P. S.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.
   [Ng, N. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Ng, N. L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Sokhi, R.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Atmospher & Instrumentat Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England.
   [Valach, A. C.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England.
   [Williams, L. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA USA.
   [Xu, L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Bohnenstengel, SI (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Earley Gate,POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England.
EM s.i.l.d.bohnenstengel@reading.ac.uk
RI Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Mohr,
   Claudia/D-9857-2011; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Furger,
   Markus/C-2224-2009; Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; Langford,
   Ben/N-3072-2013; Bloss, William/N-1305-2014; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009;
   Dunmore, Rachel E/N-8273-2015; Ricketts, Hugo/D-4049-2013; Belcher,
   Stephen/G-2911-2011; Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Nemitz,
   Eiko/I-6121-2012; Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016; Green, David/L-1228-2016;
   Allen, Grant /A-7737-2013; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; Heal,
   Mathew/I-3725-2012; 
OI Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415; Heard, Dwayne/0000-0002-0357-6238;
   Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X;
   Mohr, Claudia/0000-0002-3291-9295; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194;
   Furger, Markus/0000-0003-2401-6448; Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226;
   Langford, Ben/0000-0002-6968-5197; Bloss, William/0000-0002-3017-4461;
   Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Dunmore, Rachel
   E/0000-0002-9114-1823; Ricketts, Hugo/0000-0002-1708-2431; Lewis,
   Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Monks,
   Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390; Green, David/0000-0002-0695-4660; Allen, Grant
   /0000-0002-7070-3620; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Heal,
   Mathew/0000-0001-5539-7293; Halios, Christos/0000-0001-8301-8449;
   percival, carl/0000-0003-2525-160X
FU NERC [NE/H00324X/1, NE/I021276/1]; NERC Airborne Research and Survey
   Facility [GB12/09]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006002]; SNF
   [200021_132467/1]; European Community [312284]; Environment Agency; NERC
   through the MC4 project [NE/H008136/1]; Department of Environment, Food
   and Rural Affairs (Defra);  [NE/H003169/1];  [NE/H003150/1]; 
   [NE/H003177/1];  [NE/H003207/1];  [NE/H003185/1];  [NE/H003223/1]; 
   [NE/H003193/1];  [NE/H003231/1];  [NE/H003142/1]
FX ClearfLo is funded by NERC under Grant NE/H00324X/1 (lead proposal) and
   is coordinated by NCAS. Grant references for split awards are
   NE/H003169/1, NE/H003150/1, NE/H003177/1, NE/H003207/1, NE/H003185/1,
   NE/H003223/1, NE/H00324X/1, NE/H003193/1, NE/H003231/1, and
   NE/H003142/1. Funding for the FAAM aircraft was provided by NERC Grant
   Reference NE/I021276/1. We thank the flight operations team and aircrew
   from NERC Airborne Research and Survey Facility for providing access to
   the Dornier 228 aircraft and for providing support to Project: GB12/09.
   Thanks go to the Chelsea and Kensington council, which granted us access
   to the Trellick, Dartrey, and Grenfell towers (Adrian Bowman and Kyri
   Eleftheriou-Vaus, Royal Borough Kensington and Chelsea). Thanks also go
   to Islington Borough. Thanks go to BT for supporting instrument
   deployment on BT Tower (Bob Semon, Wayne Loeber, Andy Beale, and Eric
   Anderson). We thank Steve Neville of Westminster City Council for
   permission to use its building as a measurement site. Thanks to John
   Lally for technical support throughout, and to Barbara Brooks and James
   Groves for technical support during the intensive observation periods.
   We thank the Sion Manning School and the adjacent community center. We
   thank Dr. Paul Smith and Lukas Pauscher for putting in the BLS, LAS, and
   ceilometers and communications infrastructure on the towers. We thank
   Roger Moore and his staff at the Kent Showground, Detling, for help with
   installing and operating the Detling winter IOP site. We acknowledge the
   participation of the following in the winter IOP measurements at
   Detling: John Jayne, Andrew Freedman, William Brooks, Jonathan Franklin,
   Paola Massoli, Edward Fortner, Puneet Chhabra, Mark Zahnizer, Harald
   Stark, and Douglas Worsnop (Aerodyne Research, Inc.); W. Berk Knighton
   (Montana State University); Kyle Gorkowski (Los Alamos National
   Laboratory, United States); and Timothy Martin and Richard Coulter
   (Argonne National Laboratory, United States). Funding for the Kent
   Showground deployment was provided in part by U.S. Department of Energy,
   Award DE-SC0006002. Thanks to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC)
   for hosting our data. We acknowledge funding from the SNF (Grant
   200021_132467/1) and the European Community's Seventh Framework
   Programme (FP7/2007-2013, Grant 312284). Thanks to the Met Office for
   use of the NAME model and for providing AQUM simulations and forecast
   data from the UKV, in particular Lucy Davis, Paul Agnew, and Humphrey
   Lean. We thank Carl Percival (University of Manchester) and Christine
   Braban (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology). We thank Philip Naysmith and
   Gordon Cook (SUERC) for undertaking carbon-14 analyses on samples from
   North Kensington. The methodology for conducting air quality and
   meteorology predictions with the WRF-CMAQ modeling system by the
   University of Hertfordshire was partly based on that developed in CREMO
   (project funded by the Environment Agency), MEGAPOLI (FP7 project), and
   TRANSPHORM (FP7 project). We thank Noel Clancy and Trevor Ingham
   (University of Leeds) for the technical assistance. The aerosol
   measurements received additional support through NERC through the MC4
   project (Grant Reference NE/H008136/1) and the Department of
   Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). We thank the Royal
   Geographical Society with IBG for housing a ceilometer.; We thank Alex
   Bjorkegren, Grace Healey, William Morrison, John Mustchin, and Lukas
   Pauscher (King's College London), who fixed the equipment operated by
   KCL Geography and with numerous other students checked things 365 days a
   year for the entire ClearfLo period.
NR 76
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 19
U2 75
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0003-0007
EI 1520-0477
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 96
IS 5
BP 779
EP 804
DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00245.1
PG 26
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CL3SI
UT WOS:000356870400002
ER

PT J
AU Malmerberg, E
   Kerfeld, CA
   Zwart, PH
AF Malmerberg, Erik
   Kerfeld, Cheryl A.
   Zwart, Petrus H.
TI Operational properties of fluctuation X-ray scattering data
SO IUCRJ
LA English
DT Article
DE fluctuation X-ray scattering; XFELS; biological molecules;
   nanoparticles; mesoscopic materials
ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; PARTICLES; ORDER
AB X-ray scattering images collected on timescales shorter than rotation diffusion times using a (partially) coherent beam result in a significant increase in information content in the scattered data. These measurements, named fluctuation X-ray scattering (FXS), are typically performed on an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) and can provide fundamental insights into the structure of biological molecules, engineered nanoparticles or energy-related mesoscopic materials beyond what can be obtained with standard X-ray scattering techniques. In order to understand, use and validate experimental FXS data, the availability of basic data characteristics and operational properties is essential, but has been absent up to this point. In this communication, an intuitive view of the nature of FXS data and their properties is provided, the effect of FXS data on the derived structural models is highlighted, and generalizations of the Guinier and Porod laws that can ultimately be used to plan experiments and assess the quality of experimental data are presented.
C1 [Malmerberg, Erik; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.; Zwart, Petrus H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Malmerberg, Erik; Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [Kerfeld, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
RP Zwart, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM phzwart@lbl.gov
FU National Science Foundation [1240590]; National Institute of General
   Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R01GM109019]
FX This material is based upon work partly supported by the National
   Science Foundation under grant No. 1240590. Further support originates
   from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National
   Institutes of Health under Award No. R01GM109019. The content is solely
   the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the
   official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank
   Dr Howard Padmore for feedback and discussions.
NR 44
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 14
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 2052-2525
J9 IUCRJ
JI IUCrJ
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 2
BP 309
EP 316
DI 10.1107/S2052252515002535
PN 3
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science
GA CL3RB
UT WOS:000356866900003
PM 25995839
ER

PT J
AU Dejoie, C
   Smeets, S
   Baerlocher, C
   Tamura, N
   Pattison, P
   Abela, R
   McCusker, LB
AF Dejoie, Catherine
   Smeets, Stef
   Baerlocher, Christian
   Tamura, Nobumichi
   Pattison, Philip
   Abela, Rafael
   McCusker, Lynne B.
TI Serial snapshot crystallography for materials science with SwissFEL
SO IUCRJ
LA English
DT Article
DE serial snapshot crystallography; multi-microcrystal diffraction;
   indexing; broad-bandpass beam; XFEL
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LAUE DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FEMTOSECOND
   CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MICROCRYSTAL; INTEGRATION; ALGORITHMS; RADIATION;
   PATTERNS; LASER
AB New opportunities for studying (sub) microcrystalline materials with small unit cells, both organic and inorganic, will open up when the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) presently being constructed in Switzerland (SwissFEL) comes online in 2017. Our synchrotron-based experiments mimicking the 4%-energy-bandpass mode of the SwissFEL beam show that it will be possible to record a diffraction pattern of up to 10 randomly oriented crystals in a single snapshot, to index the resulting reflections, and to extract their intensities reliably. The crystals are destroyed with each XFEL pulse, but by combining snapshots from several sets of crystals, a complete set of data can be assembled, and crystal structures of materials that are difficult to analyze otherwise will become accessible. Even with a single shot, at least a partial analysis of the crystal structure will be possible, and with 10-50 femtosecond pulses, this offers tantalizing possibilities for time-resolved studies.
C1 [Dejoie, Catherine; Smeets, Stef; Baerlocher, Christian; McCusker, Lynne B.] ETH, Crystallog Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Tamura, Nobumichi] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Pattison, Philip] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Swiss Norwegian Beamlines, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
   [Pattison, Philip] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Crystallog Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Abela, Rafael] Paul Scherrer Inst, SwissFEL, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
RP Dejoie, C (reprint author), ETH, Crystallog Lab, Vladimir Prelog Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM c.dejoie@mat.ethz.ch
OI Smeets, Stef/0000-0002-5413-9038
FU Swiss National Science Foundation; Chevron ETC; Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the US
   Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of California, Berkeley, California
FX We thank the SNX Council of SNBL for granting us beamtime to perform the
   experiment. Funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation and
   Chevron ETC is gratefully acknowledged. The Advanced Light Source is
   supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the US Department of Energy
   under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California.
NR 53
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 5
U2 18
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 2052-2525
J9 IUCRJ
JI IUCrJ
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 2
BP 361
EP 370
DI 10.1107/S2052252515006740
PN 3
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science
GA CL3RB
UT WOS:000356866900009
PM 25995845
ER

PT J
AU Rougier, E
   Patton, HJ
AF Rougier, Esteban
   Patton, Howard J.
TI Seismic source functions from free-field ground motions recorded on SPE:
   Implications for source models of small, shallow explosions
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
DE chemical explosions; seismic source functions; source models
ID UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR DETONATIONS; NEVADA TEST-SITE; P-WAVE SPECTRA;
   CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS; MESA
AB Reduced displacement potentials (RDPs) for chemical explosions of the Source Physics Experiments (SPE) in granite at the Nevada Nuclear Security Site are estimated from free-field ground motion recordings. Far-field P wave source functions are proportional to the time derivative of RDPs. Frequency domain comparisons between measured source functions and model predictions show that high-frequency amplitudes roll off as (-2), but models fail to predict the observed seismic moment, corner frequency, and spectral overshoot. All three features are fit satisfactorily for the SPE-2 test after cavity radius R-c is reduced by 12%, elastic radius is reduced by 58%, and peak-to-static pressure ratio on the elastic radius is increased by 100%, all with respect to the Mueller-Murphy model modified with the Denny-Johnson R-c scaling law. A large discrepancy is found between the cavity volume inferred from RDPs and the volume estimated from laser scans of the emplacement hole. The measurements imply a scaled R-c of similar to 5m/kt(1/3), more than a factor of 2 smaller than nuclear explosions. Less than 25% of the seismic moment can be attributed to cavity formation. A breakdown of the incompressibility assumption due to shear dilatancy of the source medium around the cavity is the likely explanation. New formulas are developed for volume changes due to medium bulking (or compaction). A 0.04% decrease of average density inside the elastic radius accounts for the missing volumetric moment. Assuming incompressibility, established R-c scaling laws predicted the moment reasonable well, but it was only fortuitous because dilation of the source medium compensated for the small cavity volume.
C1 [Rougier, Esteban; Patton, Howard J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Rougier, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM erougier@lanl.gov
RI Rougier, Esteban/C-9946-2015
OI Rougier, Esteban/0000-0002-4624-2844
FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25946]
FX We thank Margaret Townsend of NSTec for providing copies of downhole
   camera runs after SPE-2 and SPE-3 and for providing a three-dimensional
   PDF of the laser scan data. We also thank David Yang for providing the
   results of moment tensor inversions shown in Figure 6. Scott Broome of
   Sandia Lab provided the photos of core boxes shown in Figure 11. The
   graphic arts department of NSTec provided the schematic shown in Figure
   1a. We thank David Yang and Catherine Snelson of Los Alamos Lab for
   reviewing the draft manuscript and providing technical feedback. We
   benefitted from helpful and informative discussions with Margaret
   Townsend, Catherine Snelson, and Jennifer Wilson of Los Alamos National
   Laboratory. The Source Physics Experiments (SPE) would not have been
   possible without the support of many people from several organizations.
   The authors wish to express their gratitude to the National Nuclear
   Security Administration, Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and
   Development (DNN R&D), and the SPE working group, a multi-institutional
   and interdisciplinary group of scientists and engineers. This work was
   conducted by Los Alamos National Laboratory under award
   DE-AC52-06NA25946. The data utilized in this paper can be found in the
   following links: SPE-1:
   http://www.iris.washington.edu/pipermail/bulkmail/2014-April/002302.html
   and http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1129568 (Appendix 5) and
   SPE-2 and SPE-3:
   http://ds.iris.edu/data/reports/2014/14-067/SPE2-3.DataReport.DOE-NV-259
   46.2282.pdf. Upon request, the authors can provide the data presented in
   "Implications for Chemical/Nuclear Equivalence from Observations and
   Hydrodynamic Calculations." Patton, H.J. and Rougier, E., 2014 Annual
   Meeting of the Seismological Society of America.
NR 43
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-9313
EI 2169-9356
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 3459
EP 3478
DI 10.1002/2014JB011773
PG 20
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA CK7YV
UT WOS:000356454500034
ER

PT J
AU Cao, L
   Hunter, A
   Beyerlein, IJ
   Koslowski, M
AF Cao, Lei
   Hunter, Abigail
   Beyerlein, Irene J.
   Koslowski, Marisol
TI The role of partial mediated slip during quasi-static deformation of 3D
   nanocrystalline metals
SO JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Phase Field model; Partial dislocations; Stacking fault; Polycrystalline
   materials; Plasticity
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; DISLOCATION DYNAMICS;
   PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; FCC CRYSTALS; FIELD MODEL; NICKEL; MECHANISM;
   STRENGTH; AL
AB We present dislocation simulations involving the collective behavior of partials and extended full dislocations in nanocrystalline materials. While atomistic simulations have shown the importance of including partial dislocations in high strain rate simulations, the behavior of partial dislocations in complex geometries with lower strain rates has not been explored. To account for the dissociation of dislocations into partials we include the full representation of the gamma surface for two materials: Ni and Al. During loading, dislocation loops are emitted from grain boundaries and expand into the grain interiors to carry the strain. In agreement with high strain rate simulations we find that Al has a higher density of extended full dislocations with smaller stacking fault widths than Ni. We also observe that configurations with smaller average grain size have a higher density of partial dislocations, but contrary to simplified analytical models we do not find a critical grain size below which there is only partial dislocation-mediated deformation. Our results show that the density of partial dislocations is stable in agreement with in situ X-ray experiments that show no increase of the stacking fault density in deformed nanocrystalline Ni (Budrovic et al., 2004). Furthermore, the ratio between partial and extended full dislocation contribution to strain varies with the amount of deformation. The contribution of extended full dislocations to strain grows beyond the contribution of partial dislocations as the deformation proceeds, suggesting that there is no well-defined transition from full dislocation- to partial dislocation-mediated plasticity based uniquely on the grain size. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cao, Lei; Koslowski, Marisol] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Hunter, Abigail] Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Computat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Koslowski, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM marisol@purdue.edu
RI Cao, Lei/L-1049-2015
OI Cao, Lei/0000-0002-2040-6396
FU United States Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Science(US
   DOE-BES) [DE-FG02-07ER46398]
FX This work was performed with support from the United States Department
   of Energy Office of Basic Energy Science(US DOE-BES) under Contract no.
   DE-FG02-07ER46398. We would like to thank Prof. Strachan and Dr. H. Kim
   for providing us atomistic descriptions of the grain structures used in
   this paper.
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 14
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0022-5096
EI 1873-4782
J9 J MECH PHYS SOLIDS
JI J. Mech. Phys. Solids
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 78
BP 415
EP 426
DI 10.1016/j.jmps.2015.02.019
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Condensed
   Matter
SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics
GA CL1VT
UT WOS:000356733700022
ER

PT J
AU Hickmann, KS
   Fairchild, G
   Priedhorsky, R
   Generous, N
   Hyman, JM
   Deshpande, A
   Del Valle, SY
AF Hickmann, Kyle S.
   Fairchild, Geoffrey
   Priedhorsky, Reid
   Generous, Nicholas
   Hyman, James M.
   Deshpande, Alina
   Del Valle, Sara Y.
TI Forecasting the 2013-2014 Influenza Season Using Wikipedia
SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DATA ASSIMILATION; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; KALMAN FILTER; EPIDEMIC;
   DYNAMICS; MODELS; INFECTION; OUTBREAKS; SPREAD
AB 3 Infectious diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world; thus, forecasting their impact is crucial for planning an effective response strategy. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), seasonal influenza affects 5% to 20% of the U.S. population and causes major economic impacts resulting from hospitalization and absenteeism. Understanding influenza dynamics and forecasting its impact is fundamental for developing prevention and mitigation strategies. We combine modern data assimilation methods with Wikipedia access logs and CDC influenza-like illness (ILI) reports to create a weekly forecast for seasonal influenza. The methods are applied to the 2013-2014 influenza season but are sufficiently general to forecast any disease outbreak, given incidence or case count data. We adjust the initialization and parametrization of a disease model and show that this allows us to determine systematic model bias. In addition, we provide a way to determine where the model diverges from observation and evaluate forecast accuracy. Wikipedia article access logs are shown to be highly correlated with historical ILI records and allow for accurate prediction of ILI data several weeks before it becomes available. The results show that prior to the peak of the flu season, our forecasting method produced 50% and 95% credible intervals for the 2013-2014 ILI observations that contained the actual observations for most weeks in the forecast. However, since our model does not account for re-infection or multiple strains of influenza, the tail of the epidemic is not predicted well after the peak of flu season has passed.
C1 [Hickmann, Kyle S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
   [Fairchild, Geoffrey; Generous, Nicholas; Deshpande, Alina; Del Valle, Sara Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Def Syst Anal Div, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Priedhorsky, Reid] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Div, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Hyman, James M.] Tulane Univ, Dept Math, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
RP Hickmann, KS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM hickmank@lanl.gov
FU NIH/NIGMS/MIDAS [U01-GM097658-01]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency
   (DTRA); Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work is supported in part by NIH/NIGMS/MIDAS under grant
   U01-GM097658-01 and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).
   Wikipedia data collected using QUAC: this functionality was supported by
   the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL LDRD Program. LANL is
   operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the Department of
   Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Approved for public release:
   LA-UR-14-27259. The funders had no role in study design, data collection
   and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 63
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 11
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1553-734X
EI 1553-7358
J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL
JI PLoS Comput. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
AR e1004239
DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004239
PG 29
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
GA CL1KA
UT WOS:000356700200023
PM 25974758
ER

PT J
AU Nair, HS
   Fu, Z
   Kumar, CMN
   Pomjakushin, VY
   Xiao, Y
   Chatterji, T
   Strydom, AM
AF Nair, Harikrishnan S.
   Fu, Zhendong
   Kumar, C. M. N.
   Pomjakushin, V. Y.
   Xiao, Yinguo
   Chatterji, Tapan
   Strydom, Andre M.
TI Spin-lattice coupling and frustrated magnetism in Fe-doped hexagonal
   LuMnO3
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; MANGANITES; CRYSTAL; YMNO3
AB Strong spin-lattice coupling and prominent frustration effects observed in the 50% Fe-doped frustrated hexagonal (h)LuMnO3 are reported. A Neel transition at T-N approximate to 112 K and a possible spin re-orientation transition at T-SR approximate to 55 K are observed in the magnetization data. From neutron powder diffraction data, the nuclear structure at and below 300 K was refined in polar P6(3)cm space group. While the magnetic structure of LuMnO3 belongs to the Gamma(4) (P6(3)'c'm) representation, that of LuFe0.5Mn0.5O3 belongs to Gamma(1) (P6(3)cm) which is supported by the strong intensity for the (100) reflection and also judging by the presence of spin-lattice coupling. The refined atomic positions for Lu and Mn/Fe indicate significant atomic displacements at T-N and T-SR which confirms strong spin-lattice coupling. Our results complement the discovery of room temperature multiferroicity in thin films of hLuFeO(3) and would give impetus to study LuFe1-xMnxO3 systems as potential multiferroics where electric polarization is linked to giant atomic displacements. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2015
C1 [Nair, Harikrishnan S.; Strydom, Andre M.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, Highly Correlated Matter Res Grp, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa.
   [Fu, Zhendong] Forschungszentrum Julich, JCNS, Outstat MLZ, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
   [Kumar, C. M. N.] JCNS, Outstat SNS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Kumar, C. M. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Pomjakushin, V. Y.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
   [Xiao, Yinguo] Forschungszentrum Julich, JCNS, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
   [Xiao, Yinguo] Forschungszentrum Julich, PGI, JARA FIT, D-52425 Julich, Germany.
   [Chatterji, Tapan] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France.
   [Strydom, Andre M.] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
RP Nair, HS (reprint author), Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, Highly Correlated Matter Res Grp, POB 524, ZA-2006 Auckland Pk, South Africa.
RI Pomjakushin, Vladimir/J-6259-2014; Xiao, Yinguo/N-9069-2015; Fu,
   Zhendong/P-2278-2016; 
OI Pomjakushin, Vladimir/0000-0003-2180-8730; Fu,
   Zhendong/0000-0002-8819-5054; Chogondahalli Muniraju, Naveen
   Kumar/0000-0002-8867-8291
FU SA-NRF [93549]; FRC/URC of UJ; FRC/URC
FX AMS thanks the SA-NRF (93549) and the FRC/URC of UJ for financial
   assistance. HSN acknowledges FRC/URC for a postdoctoral fellowship. HSN
   wishes to thank YIXI SU for suggesting this compound.
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 34
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
EI 1286-4854
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 110
IS 3
AR 37007
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/110/37007
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CL0DO
UT WOS:000356609500023
ER

PT J
AU Yi, X
   Sand, AE
   Mason, DR
   Kirk, MA
   Roberts, SG
   Nordlund, K
   Dudarev, SL
AF Yi, X.
   Sand, A. E.
   Mason, D. R.
   Kirk, M. A.
   Roberts, S. G.
   Nordlund, K.
   Dudarev, S. L.
TI Direct observation of size scaling and elastic interaction between
   nano-scale defects in collision cascades
SO EPL
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ION-IRRADIATED TUNGSTEN; DISLOCATION
   LOOPS; DAMAGE; ENERGY; RANGE
AB Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we have directly observed nano-scale defects formed in ultra-high-purity tungsten by low-dose high-energy self-ion irradiation at 30K. At cryogenic temperature lattice defects have reduced mobility, so these microscope observations offer a window on the initial, primary damage caused by individual collision cascade events. Electron microscope images provide direct evidence for a power-law size distribution of nanoscale defects formed in high-energy cascades, with an upper size limit independent of the incident ion energy, as predicted by Sand et al. (EPL, 103 (2013) 46003). Furthermore, the analysis of pair distribution functions of defects observed in the micrographs shows significant intra-cascade spatial correlations consistent with strong elastic interaction between the defects. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2015
C1 [Yi, X.; Roberts, S. G.; Dudarev, S. L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
   [Yi, X.; Mason, D. R.; Roberts, S. G.; Dudarev, S. L.] CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
   [Sand, A. E.; Nordlund, K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
   [Kirk, M. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Yi, X (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
OI Roberts, Steve/0000-0002-3578-2183; Sand, Andrea/0000-0001-9041-1468;
   Nordlund, Kai/0000-0001-6244-1942
NR 31
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 14
PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
PI MULHOUSE
PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE
SN 0295-5075
EI 1286-4854
J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT
JI EPL
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 110
IS 3
AR 36001
DI 10.1209/0295-5075/110/36001
PG 6
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CL0DO
UT WOS:000356609500013
ER

PT J
AU Ge, JC
   Everett, ME
   Weiss, CJ
AF Ge, Jianchao
   Everett, Mark E.
   Weiss, Chester J.
TI Fractional diffusion analysis of the electromagnetic field in fractured
   media - Part 2: 3D approach
SO GEOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSPORT; EXPLORATION; STABILITY; ACCURACY; SYSTEMS
AB We have proposed a 3D finite-difference (FD) approach to discretize the frequency-domain fractional-derivative Max-well equation on a staggered grid. The Maxwell equation was reformulated to include a fractional-order time derivative that described multiscale electromagnetic (EM) induction in fractured formations exhibiting a fractal geometry. The roughness beta that appeared in the theory described the falloff of the power spectrum of the heterogeneity of a subsurface region in the wavenumber domain, disclosing the geologic model structure in an explicit way. The fractional-derivative Maxwell equation was transformed into the frequency domain and solved by the FD method. To further probe the controlled-source EM response of a power law length-scale distribution of natural fractures, a stochastic random medium model was generated using the von Karman correlation function. The usual deterministic EM response to such a fractured block model was fitted by a zero-beta fractional EM response at multiple frequencies, indicating that the von-Karman-type fractured model response is classical. This confirmed the expectation that a fractional diffusion EM response was not reproduced by piecewise constant models based on the classical Maxwell equation.
C1 [Ge, Jianchao] Halliburton, Houston, TX 77072 USA.
   [Everett, Mark E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX USA.
   [Weiss, Chester J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   [Weiss, Chester J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geophys & Atmospher Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Ge, JC (reprint author), Halliburton, Houston, TX 77072 USA.
EM jianchaoge@gmail.com; mark.e.everett@gmail.com; cjweiss@unm.edu
FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0943589, EAR-0943538]; BP; Marathon;
   Kelly Oil
FX The authors would like to thank the National Science Foundation under
   grant nos. EAR-0943589 and EAR-0943538, and J. Ge. would like to thank
   BP, Marathon, and Kelly Oil for their generous support.
NR 45
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS
PI TULSA
PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA
SN 0016-8033
EI 1942-2156
J9 GEOPHYSICS
JI Geophysics
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 80
IS 3
BP E175
EP E185
DI 10.1190/GEO2014-0333.1
PG 11
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA CK6UR
UT WOS:000356364300019
ER

PT J
AU Davis, P
   Syme, J
   Heikoop, J
   Fessenden-Rahn, J
   Perkins, G
   Newman, B
   Chrystal, AE
   Hagerty, SB
AF Davis, Paul
   Syme, James
   Heikoop, Jeffrey
   Fessenden-Rahn, Julianna
   Perkins, George
   Newman, Brent
   Chrystal, Abbey E.
   Hagerty, Shannon B.
TI Quantifying uncertainty in stable isotope mixing models
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE stable isotopes; mixing models; uncertainty; hydrology; food web
ID NITRATE SOURCES; FRESH-WATER; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; DENITRIFIER METHOD;
   REGIONAL PATTERNS; PRIOR INFORMATION; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; GROUNDWATER;
   RIVER
AB Mixing models are powerful tools for identifying biogeochemical sources and determining mixing fractions in a sample. However, identification of actual source contributors is often not simple, and source compositions typically vary or even overlap, significantly increasing model uncertainty in calculated mixing fractions. This study compares three probabilistic methods, Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR), a pure Monte Carlo technique (PMC), and Stable Isotope Reference Source (SIRS) mixing model, a new technique that estimates mixing in systems with more than three sources and/or uncertain source compositions. In this paper, we use nitrate stable isotope examples (N-15 and O-18) but all methods tested are applicable to other tracers. In Phase I of a three-phase blind test, we compared methods for a set of six-source nitrate problems. PMC was unable to find solutions for two of the target water samples. The Bayesian method, SIAR, experienced anchoring problems, and SIRS calculated mixing fractions that most closely approximated the known mixing fractions. For that reason, SIRS was the only approach used in the next phase of testing. In Phase II, the problem was broadened where any subset of the six sources could be a possible solution to the mixing problem. Results showed a high rate of Type I errors where solutions included sources that were not contributing to the sample. In Phase III some sources were eliminated based on assumed site knowledge and assumed nitrate concentrations, substantially reduced mixing fraction uncertainties and lowered the Type I error rate. These results demonstrate that valuable insights into stable isotope mixing problems result from probabilistic mixing model approaches like SIRS. The results also emphasize the importance of identifying a minimal set of potential sources and quantifying uncertainties in source isotopic composition as well as demonstrating the value of additional information in reducing the uncertainty in calculated mixing fractions.
C1 [Davis, Paul; Syme, James] EnviroLogic Inc, Durango, CO 81301 USA.
   [Heikoop, Jeffrey; Fessenden-Rahn, Julianna; Perkins, George; Newman, Brent; Chrystal, Abbey E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Hagerty, Shannon B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
RP Davis, P (reprint author), EnviroLogic Inc, Durango, CO 81301 USA.
EM p_davis@envirologicinc.com
RI Heikoop, Jeffrey/C-1163-2011; 
OI Heikoop, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7648-3385
NR 82
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 10
U2 66
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA
SN 2169-8953
EI 2169-8961
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 120
IS 5
BP 903
EP 923
DI 10.1002/2014JG002839
PG 21
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA CK8XI
UT WOS:000356523000007
ER

PT J
AU Feller, E
   Ramakrishnan, L
   Morin, C
AF Feller, Eugen
   Ramakrishnan, Lavanya
   Morin, Christine
TI Performance and energy efficiency of big data applications in cloud
   environments: A Hadoop case study
SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Cloud computing; Hadoop MapReduce; Performance; Energy efficiency;
   Virtualization
ID MAPREDUCE
AB The exponential growth of scientific and business data has resulted in the evolution of the cloud computing environments and the MapReduce parallel programming model. The focus of cloud computing is increased utilization and power savings through consolidation while MapReduce enables large scale data analysis. Hadoop, an open source implementation of MapReduce has gained popularity in the last few years. In this paper, we evaluate Hadoop performance in both the traditional model of collocated data and compute services as well as consider the impact of separating out the services. The separation of data and compute services provides more flexibility in environments where data locality might not have a considerable impact such as virtualized environments and clusters with advanced networks. In this paper, we also conduct an energy efficiency evaluation of Hadoop on physical and virtual clusters in different configurations. Our extensive evaluation shows that: (1) coexisting virtual machines on servers decrease the disk throughput; (2) performance on physical clusters is significantly better than on virtual clusters; (3) performance degradation due to separation of the services depends on the data to compute ratio; (4) application completion progress correlates with the power consumption and power consumption is heavily application specific. Finally, we present a discussion on the implications of using cloud environments for big data analyses. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Feller, Eugen; Ramakrishnan, Lavanya; Morin, Christine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Feller, Eugen; Morin, Christine] Inria Rennes Bretagne Atlantique, F-35042 Rennes, France.
RP Feller, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM eugen.feller@gmail.com; lramakrishnan@lbl.gov; christine.morin@inria.fr
FU Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research
   (ASCR) of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This research was done in the context of the Inria DALHIS associate
   team, a collaboration between the Inria Myriads project-team and the
   LBNL's Advanced Computing for Science Department. This work was also
   funded by the Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing
   Research (ASCR) of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The experiments presented in this paper were carried
   out using the Grid'5000 testbed, being developed under the Inria ALADDIN
   development action with support from CNRS, RENATER and several
   Universities as well as other funding bodies (see
   https://www.grid5000.fr).
NR 22
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 5
U2 27
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0743-7315
EI 1096-0848
J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM
JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 79-80
SI SI
BP 80
EP 89
DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2015.01.001
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA CK4JF
UT WOS:000356189400008
ER

PT J
AU Jung, ES
   Kettimuthu, R
   Vishwanath, V
AF Jung, Eun-Sung
   Kettimuthu, Rajkumar
   Vishwanath, Venkatram
TI Cluster-to-cluster data transfer with data compression over wide-area
   networks
SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Disk-to-disk data transfer; System modeling; Optimization; High-speed
   networks
AB The recent emergence of ultra high-speed networks up to 100 Gb/s has posed numerous challenges and has led to many investigations on efficient protocols to saturate 100 Gb/s links. However, end-to-end data transfers involve many components, not only protocols, affecting overall transfer performance. These components include disk I/O subsystem, additional computation associated with data streams, and network adapters. For example, achievable bandwidth by TCP may not be implementable if disk I/O or CPU becomes a bottleneck in end-to-end data transfer. In this paper, we first model all the system components involved in end-to-end data transfer as a graph. We then formulate the problem whose goal is to achieve maximum data transfer throughput using parallel data flows. We also propose a variable data flow GridFFP XIO stack to improve data transfer with data compression. Our contributions lie in how to optimize data transfers considering all the system components involved rather than in accurately modeling all the system components involved. Our proposed formulations and solutions are evaluated through experiments on the ESnet 100G testbed and a wide-area cluster-to-cluster testbed. The experimental results on the ESnet 100G testbed show that our approach is several times faster than Globus Online-8 x faster for datasets with many 10 MB files and 3-4 x faster for other datasets of larger size files. The experimental results on the cluster-to-cluster testbed show that our variable data flow approach is up to 4 x faster than a normal cluster data transfer. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jung, Eun-Sung; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Vishwanath, Venkatram] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Jung, ES (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM esjung@mcs.anl.gov; kettimut@mcs.anl.gov; venkatv@mcs.anl.gov
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific
   Computing Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, under Contract
   DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 21
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0743-7315
EI 1096-0848
J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM
JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 79-80
SI SI
BP 90
EP 103
DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2014.09.008
PG 14
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA CK4JF
UT WOS:000356189400009
ER

PT J
AU Lugowski, A
   Kamil, S
   Buluc, A
   Williams, S
   Duriakova, E
   Oliker, L
   Fox, A
   Gilbert, JR
AF Lugowski, Adam
   Kamil, Shoaib
   Buluc, Aydin
   Williams, Samuel
   Duriakova, Erika
   Oliker, Leonid
   Fox, Armando
   Gilbert, John R.
TI Parallel processing of filtered queries in attributed semantic graphs
SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Graph analysis systems; Attributed semantic graphs; Graph filtering;
   Parallel computing; Knowledge discovery; Domain-specific languages;
   SEJITS; High-performance graph analysis
ID IMPLEMENTATION; DESIGN
AB Execution of complex analytic queries on massive semantic graphs is a challenging problem in big-data analytics that requires high-performance parallel computing. In a semantic graph, vertices and edges carry attributes of various types and the analytic queries typically depend on the values of these attributes. Thus, the computation must view the graph through a filter that passes only those individual vertices and edges of interest. Previous investigations have developed Knowledge Discovery Toolbox (KDT), a sophisticated Python library for parallel graph computations. In KDT, the user can write custom graph algorithms by specifying operations between edges and vertices (semiring operations). The user can also customize existing graph algorithms by writing filters. Although the high-level language for this customization enables domain scientists to productively express their graph analytics requirements, the customized queries perform poorly due to the overhead of having to call into the Python virtual machine for each vertex and edge.
   In this work, we use the Selective Embedded Just-In-Time Specialization (SEJITS) approach to automatically translate semiring operations and filters defined by programmers into a lower-level efficiency language, bypassing the upcall into Python. We evaluate our approach by comparing it with the high-performance Combinatorial BIAS engine and show that our approach combines the benefits of programming in a high-level language with executing in a low-level parallel environment. We increase the system's flexibility by developing techniques that provide users with the ability to define new vertex and edge types from Python. We also present a new Roofline model for graph traversals and show that we achieve performance that is significantly closer to the bounds suggested by the Roofline. Finally, to further understand the complex interaction with the underlying architecture, we present an analysis using performance counters that quantifies the improvement in hardware behavior in the context our SEJITS methodology. Overall, we demonstrate the first known solution to the problem of obtaining high performance from a productivity language when applying graph algorithms selectively on semantic graphs with hundreds of millions of edges and scaling to thousands of processors for graphs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lugowski, Adam; Gilbert, John R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Kamil, Shoaib] MIT, CSAIL, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Buluc, Aydin; Williams, Samuel; Oliker, Leonid] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Duriakova, Erika] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Comp Sci & Informat, Dublin, Ireland.
   [Fox, Armando] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Lugowski, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
EM alugowski@cs.ucsb.edu; skamil@mit.edu; abuluc@lbl.gov
FU Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research of the US
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation
   [CNS-0709385]; DARPA [FA8750-10-1-0191]; UPCRC from Microsoft Corp.
   [024263]; Intel Corp. [024894, 618442525-57661]; UC [DIG07-10227]; Par
   Lab affiliates National Instruments; NEC; Nokia; NVIDIA; Oracle;
   Samsung; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05-CH-11231, 8-482526701]; NSF
   [CNS-0709385]; Center for Scientific Computing at UCSB under NSF
   [CNS-0960316]
FX This work is supported by the Computer Science Program, the Applied
   Mathematics Program, and the Early-Career Research Program within the
   Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research of the US
   Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was
   supported in part by National Science Foundation grant CNS-0709385.
   Portions of this work were performed at the UC Berkeley Parallel
   Computing Laboratory (Par Lab), supported by DARPA (contract
   #FA8750-10-1-0191) and by the UPCRC awards from Microsoft Corp. (Award
   #024263) and Intel Corp. (Award #024894), with matching funds from the
   UC Discovery Grant (#DIG07-10227) and additional support from Par Lab
   affiliates National Instruments, NEC, Nokia, NVIDIA, Oracle, and
   Samsung. This research used resources of the National Energy Research
   Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by DOE Office of Science
   under Contract No. DE-AC02-05-CH-11231. The authors from UC Santa
   Barbara were supported in part by NSF grant CNS-0709385 by a contract
   from Intel Corp. (#618442525-57661), by a gift from Microsoft Corp. by
   the Center for Scientific Computing at UCSB under NSF Grant CNS-0960316,
   and contract #8-482526701 from the DOE Office of Science.
NR 37
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0743-7315
EI 1096-0848
J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM
JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 79-80
SI SI
BP 115
EP 131
DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2014.08.010
PG 17
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA CK4JF
UT WOS:000356189400011
ER

PT J
AU Daily, J
   Kalyanaraman, A
   Krishnamoorthy, S
   Vishnu, A
AF Daily, Jeff
   Kalyanaraman, Ananth
   Krishnamoorthy, Sriram
   Vishnu, Abhinav
TI A work stealing based approach for enabling scalable optimal sequence
   homology detection
SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING
LA English
DT Article
DE Homology detection; Pairwise sequence alignment; Protein family
   identification; Dynamic load balancing; Work stealing; Distributed task
   counters; Parallel suffix tree construction
ID SMITH-WATERMAN; PROTEIN FAMILIES; PARALLEL COMPUTERS; DATABASE SEARCHES;
   BLAST; SUBSEQUENCES; SENSITIVITY; SELECTIVITY; ALGORITHMS; FASTER
AB Sequence homology detection is central to a number of bioinformatics applications including genome sequencing and protein family characterization. Given millions of sequences, the goal is to identify all pairs of sequences that are highly similar (or "homologous") on the basis of alignment criteria. While there are optimal alignment algorithms to compute pairwise homology, their deployment for large-scale is currently not feasible; instead, heuristic methods are used at the expense of quality. Here, we present the design and evaluation of a parallel implementation for conducting optimal homology detection on distributed memory supercomputers. Our approach uses a combination of techniques from asynchronous load balancing (viz, work stealing, dynamic task counters), data replication, and exact-matching filters to achieve homology detection at scale. Results for 2.56 M sequences on up to 8K cores show parallel efficiencies of similar to 75%-100%, a time-to-solution of 33 s, and a rate of similar to 2.0 M alignments per second. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Daily, Jeff; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Vishnu, Abhinav] Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Kalyanaraman, Ananth] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Daily, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN J4-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM jeff.daily@pnnl.gov; ananth@eecs.wsu.edu; sriram@pnnl.gov;
   Abhinav.Vishnu@pnnl.gov
OI Daily, Jeff/0000-0001-6212-5173
FU DOE Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research program
   [DE-SC-0006516]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program
   through the eXtreme Scale Computing Initiative at Pacific Northwest
   National Laboratory (PNNL); United States Department of Energy
   [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in parts by the DOE Office of Science, Advanced
   Scientific Computing Research program (award DE-SC-0006516), and by the
   Laboratory Directed Research and Development program through the eXtreme
   Scale Computing Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
   (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the United States Department of
   Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. This research used resources of
   the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is
   supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 43
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0743-7315
EI 1096-0848
J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM
JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 79-80
SI SI
BP 132
EP 142
DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2014.08.009
PG 11
WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods
SC Computer Science
GA CK4JF
UT WOS:000356189400012
ER

PT J
AU Guo, G
   Hackebeil, G
   Ryan, SM
   Watson, JP
   Woodruff, DL
AF Guo, Ge
   Hackebeil, Gabriel
   Ryan, Sarah M.
   Watson, Jean-Paul
   Woodruff, David L.
TI Integration of progressive hedging and dual decomposition in stochastic
   integer programs
SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Stochastic programming; Mixed-integer programming; Progressive hedging;
   Dual decomposition; Lower bounding
ID UNIT COMMITMENT PROBLEM; AGGREGATION
AB We present a method for integrating the Progressive Hedging (PH) algorithm and the Dual Decomposition (DD) algorithm of Caroe and Schultz for stochastic mixed-integer programs. Based on the correspondence between lower bounds obtained with PH and DD, a method to transform weights from PH to Lagrange multipliers in DD is found. Fast progress in early iterations of PH speeds up convergence of DD to an exact solution. We report computational results on server location and unit commitment instances. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Guo, Ge; Ryan, Sarah M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Hackebeil, Gabriel; Watson, Jean-Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Woodruff, David L.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Sch Management, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Ryan, SM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
EM smryan@iastate.edu
OI Ryan, Sarah/0000-0001-5903-1432
FU US Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy and
   its Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; United States
   Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]
FX The research in this article was funded by the US Department of Energy's
   Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy and its Office of Advanced
   Scientific Computing Research. We are grateful to Ralf Gollmer for his
   consistent assistance with DDSIP software. Sandia National Laboratories
   is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly
   owned subsidiary Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the United States
   Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under
   Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000.
NR 27
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6377
EI 1872-7468
J9 OPER RES LETT
JI Oper. Res. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 43
IS 3
BP 311
EP 316
DI 10.1016/j.orl.2015.03.008
PG 6
WC Operations Research & Management Science
SC Operations Research & Management Science
GA CK3MW
UT WOS:000356121200018
ER

PT J
AU Chamorro, LP
   Hill, C
   Neary, VS
   Gunawan, B
   Arndt, REA
   Sotiropoulos, F
AF Chamorro, L. P.
   Hill, C.
   Neary, V. S.
   Gunawan, B.
   Arndt, R. E. A.
   Sotiropoulos, F.
TI Effects of energetic coherent motions on the power and wake of an
   axial-flow turbine
SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW; TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; TIP VORTICES; FAR WAKE;
   STABILITY; VORTEX; ROTOR; NUMBER
AB A laboratory experiment examined the effects of energetic coherent motions on the structure of the wake and power fluctuations generated by a model axial-flow hydrokinetic turbine. The model turbine was placed in an open-channel flow and operated under subcritical conditions. The incoming flow was locally perturbed with vertically oriented cylinders of various diameters. An array of three acoustic Doppler velocimeters aligned in the cross-stream direction and a torque transducer were used to collect high-resolution and synchronous measurements of the three-velocity components of the incoming and wake flow as well as the turbine power. A strong scale-to-scale interaction between the large-scale and broadband turbulence shed by the cylinders and the turbine power revealed how the turbulence structure modulates the turbine behavior. In particular, the response of the turbine to the distinctive von Karman-type vortices shed from the cylinders highlighted this phenomenon. The mean and fluctuating characteristics of the turbine wake are shown to be very sensitive to the energetic motions present in the flow. Tip vortices were substantially dampened and the near-field mean wake recovery accelerated in the presence of energetic motions in the flow. Strong coherent motions are shown to be more effective than turbulence levels for triggering the break-up of the spiral structure of the tip-vortices. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Chamorro, L. P.] Univ Illinois, Mech Sci & Engn Dept, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Hill, C.; Arndt, R. E. A.; Sotiropoulos, F.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Sci & Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.
   [Neary, V. S.; Gunawan, B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Water Power Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Sotiropoulos, F (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Sci & Engn, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.
EM fotis@umn.edu
OI Chamorro, Leonardo/0000-0002-5199-424X
FU U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
   (EERE) Offices Wind and Water Power Technologies Office; National
   Science Foundation [IIP-1318201]; U.S. Department of Energy's National
   Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This research was made possible by support from the U.S. Department of
   Energy's (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Offices
   Wind and Water Power Technologies Office, and the National Science
   Foundation under Grant No. IIP-1318201. Sandia is a multi-program
   laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin
   Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration undermaek Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-6631
EI 1089-7666
J9 PHYS FLUIDS
JI Phys. Fluids
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 27
IS 5
AR 055104
DI 10.1063/1.4921264
PG 11
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA CK0VH
UT WOS:000355922800038
ER

PT J
AU Rosenberg, D
   Pouquet, A
   Marino, R
   Mininni, PD
AF Rosenberg, D.
   Pouquet, A.
   Marino, R.
   Mininni, P. D.
TI Evidence for Bolgiano-Obukhov scaling in rotating stratified turbulence
   using high-resolution direct numerical simulations
SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY CASCADE; ASPECT-RATIO; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; POTENTIAL ENSTROPHY;
   BOUSSINESQ FLOWS; INVERSE CASCADES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; LARGE SCALES;
   HELICITY; DISSIPATION
AB We report results on rotating stratified turbulence in the absence of forcing and with large-scale isotropic initial conditions using direct numerical simulations computed on grids of up to 4096 (3) points. The Reynolds and Froude numbers are, respectively, equal to Re = 5.4 x 10 (4) and Fr = 0.0242. The ratio of the Brunt-Vaisala to the inertial wave frequency, N/f, is taken to be equal to 4.95, a choice appropriate to model the dynamics of the southern abyssal ocean at mid latitudes. This gives a global buoyancy Reynolds number R-B = ReFr2 approximate to 32, a value sufficient for some isotropy to be recovered in the small scales beyond the Ozmidov scale, but still moderate enough that the intermediate scales where waves are prevalent are well resolved. We concentrate on the large-scale dynamics, for which we find a spectrum compatible with the Bolgiano-Obukhov scaling. This scaling is also found for geostrophically balanced initial conditions on a run at a lower resolution and hence lower R-B approximate to 4. Furthermore, we confirm that the Froude number based on a typical vertical length scale is of order unity, with strong gradients in the vertical. Two characteristic scales emerge from this computation and are identified from sharp variations in the spectral distribution of either total energy or helicity. A spectral break is also observed at a scale at which the partition of energy between the kinetic and potential modes changes abruptly, and beyond which a Kolmogorov-like spectrum recovers. Large slanted layers are ubiquitous in the flow, in the velocity and temperature fields, with local overturning events indicated by small local Richardson numbers and strong localized vortex tangles. Finally, a small large-scale enhancement of energy directly attributable to the effect of rotation is also observed. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Rosenberg, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Pouquet, A.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Marino, R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Marino, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Marino, R.] CNR, Inst Chem Phys Proc IPCF, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy.
   [Mininni, P. D.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
   [Mininni, P. D.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, IFIBA, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.
RP Rosenberg, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Computat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RI Marino, Raffaele/M-5130-2015; 
OI Marino, Raffaele/0000-0002-7372-8620; Mininni,
   Pablo/0000-0001-6858-6755; Rosenberg, Duane/0000-0002-0208-8689
FU CMG/NSF [1025183]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; DOE INCITE [ENP008]; NSF XSEDE [TG-PHY110044];
   LASP; Regional Operative Program Calabria ESF; Marie Curie Project
   [FP7PIRSES-2010-269297-Turbo-plasmas]; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; United States Government; Department of Energy
FX This work was supported by CMG/NSF Grant No. 1025183 and used resources
   of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) at the Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the
   U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Computer
   time was provided through a DOE INCITE Award No. ENP008 and an NSF XSEDE
   allocation Award No. TG-PHY110044. We wish to thank M. Matheson of the
   OLCF for his full-res visualizations. Additional computer time through
   an ASD allocation at NCAR is also gratefully acknowledged. P.D.M. is a
   member of the Carrera del Investigador Cientifico of CONICET. Support
   for A.P., from LASP and Bob Ergun, is gratefully acknowledged. R.M.
   acknowledges support from the Regional Operative Program Calabria ESF
   2007/2013, and Marie Curie Project FP7PIRSES-2010-269297-Turbo-plasmas.;
   This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No.
   DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States
   Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for
   publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a
   non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or
   reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do
   so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will
   provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research
   in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan
   (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
NR 78
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-6631
EI 1089-7666
J9 PHYS FLUIDS
JI Phys. Fluids
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 27
IS 5
AR 055105
DI 10.1063/1.4921076
PG 24
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA CK0VH
UT WOS:000355922800039
ER

PT J
AU Terrones, G
   Carrara, MD
AF Terrones, Guillermo
   Carrara, Mark D.
TI Rayleigh-Taylor instability at spherical interfaces between viscous
   fluids: Fluid/vacuum interface
SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; STABILITY; BUBBLE; SHELLS
AB For a spherical interface of radius R separating two different homogeneous regions of incompressible viscous fluids under the action of a radially directed acceleration, we perform a linear stability analysis in terms of spherical surface harmonics Y-n to derive the dispersion relation. The instability behavior is investigated by computing the growth rates and the most-unstable modes as a function of the spherical harmonic degree n. This general methodology is applicable to the entire parameter space spanned by the Atwood number, the viscosity ratio, and the dimensionless number B = (a(R)rho(2)(2)/mu(2)(2))(1/3) R (where a(R), rho(2), and mu(2) are the local radial acceleration at the interface, and the density and viscosity of the denser overlying fluid, respectively). While the mathematical formulation herein is general, this paper focuses on instability that arises at a spherical viscous fluid/vacuum interface as there is a great deal to be learned from the effects of one-fluid viscosity and sphericity alone. To quantify and understand the effect that curvature and radial acceleration have on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, a comparison of the growth rates, under homologous driving conditions, between the planar and spherical interfaces is performed. The derived dispersion relation for the planar interface accounts for an underlying finite fluid region of thickness L and normal acceleration a(R). Under certain conditions, the development of the most-unstable modes at a spherical interface can take place via the superposition of two adjacent spherical harmonics Y-n and Yn+ 1. This bimodality in the evolution of disturbances in the linear regime does not have a counterpart in the planar configuration where the most-unstable modes are associated with a unique wave number. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Terrones, Guillermo; Carrara, Mark D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Theoret Design, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Terrones, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Theoret Design, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM terrones@lanl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This paper is dedicated to the memory of Mark David Carrara whose
   untimely death has left an indelible void in those who knew him. Los
   Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security,
   LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S.
   Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-6631
EI 1089-7666
J9 PHYS FLUIDS
JI Phys. Fluids
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 27
IS 5
AR 054105
DI 10.1063/1.4921648
PG 17
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA CK0VH
UT WOS:000355922800033
ER

PT J
AU Abe, K
   Aihara, H
   Andreopoulos, C
   Anghel, I
   Ariga, A
   Ariga, T
   Asfandiyarov, R
   Askins, M
   Back, JJ
   Ballett, P
   Barbi, M
   Barker, GJ
   Barr, G
   Bay, F
   Beltrame, P
   Berardi, V
   Bergevin, M
   Berkman, S
   Berry, T
   Bhadra, S
   Blaszczyk, FDM
   Blondel, A
   Bolognesi, S
   Boyd, SB
   Bravar, A
   Bronner, C
   Cafagna, FS
   Carminati, G
   Cartwright, SL
   Catanesi, MG
   Choi, K
   Choi, JH
   Collazuol, G
   Cowan, G
   Cremonesi, L
   Davies, G
   De Rosa, G
   Densham, C
   Detwiler, J
   Dewhurst, D
   Di Lodovico, F
   Di Luise, S
   Drapier, O
   Emery, S
   Ereditato, A
   Fernandez, P
   Feusels, T
   Finch, A
   Fitton, M
   Friend, M
   Fujii, Y
   Fukuda, Y
   Fukuda, D
   Galymov, V
   Ganezer, K
   Gonin, M
   Gumplinger, P
   Hadley, DR
   Haegel, L
   Haesler, A
   Haga, Y
   Hartfiel, B
   Hartz, M
   Hayato, Y
   Hierholzer, M
   Hill, J
   Himmel, A
   Hirota, S
   Horiuchi, S
   Huang, K
   Ichikawa, AK
   Iijima, T
   Ikeda, M
   Imber, J
   Inoue, K
   Insler, J
   Intonti, RA
   Irvine, T
   Ishida, T
   Ishino, H
   Ishitsuka, M
   Itow, Y
   Izmaylov, A
   Jamieson, B
   Jang, HI
   Jiang, M
   Joo, KK
   Jung, CK
   Kaboth, A
   Kajita, T
   Kameda, J
   Karadhzov, Y
   Katori, T
   Kearns, E
   Khabibullin, M
   Khotjantsev, A
   Kim, JY
   Kim, SB
   Kishimoto, Y
   Kobayashi, T
   Koga, M
   Konaka, A
   Kormos, LL
   Korzenev, A
   Koshio, Y
   Kropp, WR
   Kudenko, Y
   Kutter, T
   Kuze, M
   Labarga, L
   Lagoda, J
   Laveder, M
   Lawe, M
   Learned, JG
   Lim, IT
   Lindner, T
   Longhin, A
   Ludovici, L
   Ma, W
   Magaletti, L
   Mahn, K
   Malek, M
   Mariani, C
   Marti, L
   Martin, JF
   Martin, C
   Martins, PPJ
   Mazzucato, E
   McCauley, N
   McFarland, KS
   McGrew, C
   Mezzetto, M
   Minakata, H
   Minamino, A
   Mine, S
   Mineev, O
   Miura, M
   Monroe, J
   Mori, T
   Moriyama, S
   Mueller, T
   Muheim, F
   Nakahata, M
   Nakamura, K
   Nakaya, T
   Nakayama, S
   Needham, M
   Nicholls, T
   Nirkko, M
   Nishimura, Y
   Noah, E
   Nowak, J
   Nunokawa, H
   O'Keeffe, HM
   Okajima, Y
   Okumura, K
   Oser, SM
   O'Sullivan, E
   Ovsiannikova, T
   Owen, RA
   Oyama, Y
   Perez, J
   Pac, MY
   Palladino, V
   Palomino, JL
   Paolone, V
   Payne, D
   Perevozchikov, O
   Perkin, JD
   Pistillo, C
   Playfer, S
   Posiadala-Zezula, M
   Poutissou, JM
   Quilain, B
   Quinto, M
   Radicioni, E
   Ratoff, PN
   Ravonel, M
   Rayner, MA
   Redij, A
   Retiere, F
   Riccio, C
   Richard, E
   Rondio, E
   Rose, HJ
   Ross-Lonergan, M
   Rott, C
   Rountree, SD
   Rubbia, A
   Sacco, R
   Sakuda, M
   Sanchez, MC
   Scantamburlo, E
   Scholberg, K
   Scott, M
   Seiya, Y
   Sekiguchi, T
   Sekiya, H
   Shaikhiev, A
   Shimizu, I
   Shiozawa, M
   Short, S
   Sinnis, G
   Smy, MB
   Sobczyk, J
   Sobel, HW
   Stewart, T
   Stone, JL
   Suda, Y
   Suzuki, Y
   Suzuki, AT
   Svoboda, R
   Tacik, R
   Takeda, A
   Taketa, A
   Takeuchi, Y
   Tanaka, HA
   Tanaka, HKM
   Tanaka, H
   Terri, R
   Thompson, LF
   Thorpe, M
   Tobayama, S
   Tolich, N
   Tomura, T
   Touramanis, C
   Tsukamoto, T
   Tzanov, M
   Uchida, Y
   Vagins, MR
   Vasseur, G
   Vogelaar, RB
   Walter, CW
   Wark, D
   Wascko, MO
   Weber, A
   Wendell, R
   Wilkes, RJ
   Wilking, MJ
   Wilson, JR
   Xin, T
   Yamamoto, K
   Yanagisawa, C
   Yano, T
   Yen, S
   Yershov, N
   Yokoyama, M
   Zito, M
AF Abe, K.
   Aihara, H.
   Andreopoulos, C.
   Anghel, I.
   Ariga, A.
   Ariga, T.
   Asfandiyarov, R.
   Askins, M.
   Back, J. J.
   Ballett, P.
   Barbi, M.
   Barker, G. J.
   Barr, G.
   Bay, F.
   Beltrame, P.
   Berardi, V.
   Bergevin, M.
   Berkman, S.
   Berry, T.
   Bhadra, S.
   Blaszczyk, F. D. M.
   Blondel, A.
   Bolognesi, S.
   Boyd, S. B.
   Bravar, A.
   Bronner, C.
   Cafagna, F. S.
   Carminati, G.
   Cartwright, S. L.
   Catanesi, M. G.
   Choi, K.
   Choi, J. H.
   Collazuol, G.
   Cowan, G.
   Cremonesi, L.
   Davies, G.
   De Rosa, G.
   Densham, C.
   Detwiler, J.
   Dewhurst, D.
   Di Lodovico, F.
   Di Luise, S.
   Drapier, O.
   Emery, S.
   Ereditato, A.
   Fernandez, P.
   Feusels, T.
   Finch, A.
   Fitton, M.
   Friend, M.
   Fujii, Y.
   Fukuda, Y.
   Fukuda, D.
   Galymov, V.
   Ganezer, K.
   Gonin, M.
   Gumplinger, P.
   Hadley, D. R.
   Haegel, L.
   Haesler, A.
   Haga, Y.
   Hartfiel, B.
   Hartz, M.
   Hayato, Y.
   Hierholzer, M.
   Hill, J.
   Himmel, A.
   Hirota, S.
   Horiuchi, S.
   Huang, K.
   Ichikawa, A. K.
   Iijima, T.
   Ikeda, M.
   Imber, J.
   Inoue, K.
   Insler, J.
   Intonti, R. A.
   Irvine, T.
   Ishida, T.
   Ishino, H.
   Ishitsuka, M.
   Itow, Y.
   Izmaylov, A.
   Jamieson, B.
   Jang, H. I.
   Jiang, M.
   Joo, K. K.
   Jung, C. K.
   Kaboth, A.
   Kajita, T.
   Kameda, J.
   Karadhzov, Y.
   Katori, T.
   Kearns, E.
   Khabibullin, M.
   Khotjantsev, A.
   Kim, J. Y.
   Kim, S. B.
   Kishimoto, Y.
   Kobayashi, T.
   Koga, M.
   Konaka, A.
   Kormos, L. L.
   Korzenev, A.
   Koshio, Y.
   Kropp, W. R.
   Kudenko, Y.
   Kutter, T.
   Kuze, M.
   Labarga, L.
   Lagoda, J.
   Laveder, M.
   Lawe, M.
   Learned, J. G.
   Lim, I. T.
   Lindner, T.
   Longhin, A.
   Ludovici, L.
   Ma, W.
   Magaletti, L.
   Mahn, K.
   Malek, M.
   Mariani, C.
   Marti, L.
   Martin, J. F.
   Martin, C.
   Martins, P. P. J.
   Mazzucato, E.
   McCauley, N.
   McFarland, K. S.
   McGrew, C.
   Mezzetto, M.
   Minakata, H.
   Minamino, A.
   Mine, S.
   Mineev, O.
   Miura, M.
   Monroe, J.
   Mori, T.
   Moriyama, S.
   Mueller, T.
   Muheim, F.
   Nakahata, M.
   Nakamura, K.
   Nakaya, T.
   Nakayama, S.
   Needham, M.
   Nicholls, T.
   Nirkko, M.
   Nishimura, Y.
   Noah, E.
   Nowak, J.
   Nunokawa, H.
   O'Keeffe, H. M.
   Okajima, Y.
   Okumura, K.
   Oser, S. M.
   O'Sullivan, E.
   Ovsiannikova, T.
   Owen, R. A.
   Oyama, Y.
   Perez, J.
   Pac, M. Y.
   Palladino, V.
   Palomino, J. L.
   Paolone, V.
   Payne, D.
   Perevozchikov, O.
   Perkin, J. D.
   Pistillo, C.
   Playfer, S.
   Posiadala-Zezula, M.
   Poutissou, J. -M.
   Quilain, B.
   Quinto, M.
   Radicioni, E.
   Ratoff, P. N.
   Ravonel, M.
   Rayner, M. A.
   Redij, A.
   Retiere, F.
   Riccio, C.
   Richard, E.
   Rondio, E.
   Rose, H. J.
   Ross-Lonergan, M.
   Rott, C.
   Rountree, S. D.
   Rubbia, A.
   Sacco, R.
   Sakuda, M.
   Sanchez, M. C.
   Scantamburlo, E.
   Scholberg, K.
   Scott, M.
   Seiya, Y.
   Sekiguchi, T.
   Sekiya, H.
   Shaikhiev, A.
   Shimizu, I.
   Shiozawa, M.
   Short, S.
   Sinnis, G.
   Smy, M. B.
   Sobczyk, J.
   Sobel, H. W.
   Stewart, T.
   Stone, J. L.
   Suda, Y.
   Suzuki, Y.
   Suzuki, A. T.
   Svoboda, R.
   Tacik, R.
   Takeda, A.
   Taketa, A.
   Takeuchi, Y.
   Tanaka, H. A.
   Tanaka, H. K. M.
   Tanaka, H.
   Terri, R.
   Thompson, L. F.
   Thorpe, M.
   Tobayama, S.
   Tolich, N.
   Tomura, T.
   Touramanis, C.
   Tsukamoto, T.
   Tzanov, M.
   Uchida, Y.
   Vagins, M. R.
   Vasseur, G.
   Vogelaar, R. B.
   Walter, C. W.
   Wark, D.
   Wascko, M. O.
   Weber, A.
   Wendell, R.
   Wilkes, R. J.
   Wilking, M. J.
   Wilson, J. R.
   Xin, T.
   Yamamoto, K.
   Yanagisawa, C.
   Yano, T.
   Yen, S.
   Yershov, N.
   Yokoyama, M.
   Zito, M.
CA Hyper-Kamiokande Proto-Collaborati
TI Physics potential of a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment
   using a J-PARC neutrino beam and Hyper-Kamiokande
SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CP-VIOLATION; SUPER-KAMIOKANDE; DETECTOR; MASS; NONCONSERVATION;
   CONSERVATION; SYMMETRIES; MINIBOONE; MODEL
AB Hyper-Kamiokande will be a next-generation underground water Cherenkov detector with a total (fiducial) mass of 0.99 (0.56) million metric tons, approximately 20 (25) times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande. One of the main goals of Hyper-Kamiokande is the study of CP asymmetry in the lepton sector using accelerator neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. In this paper, the physics potential of a long-baseline neutrino experiment using the Hyper-Kamiokande detector and a neutrino beam from the J-PARC proton synchrotron is presented. The analysis uses the framework and systematic uncertainties derived from the ongoing T2K experiment. With a total exposure of 7.5 MW x 10(7) s integrated proton beam power (corresponding to 1.56 x 10(22) protons on target with a 30 GeV proton beam) to a 2.5 degrees off-axis neutrino beam, it is expected that the leptonic CP phase delta(CP) can be determined to better than 19 degrees for all possible values of delta(CP), and CP violation can be established with a statistical significance of more than 3 sigma (5 sigma) for 76% (58%) of the delta(CP) parameter space. Using both nu(e) appearance and nu(mu) disappearance data, the expected 1 sigma uncertainty of sin(2) theta(23) is 0.015(0.006) for sin(2) theta(23) = 0.5(0.45).
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RP Abe, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kamioka Observ, Kamioka, Akita, Japan.
EM masashi@phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
RI Yokoyama, Masashi/A-4458-2011; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Ludovici,
   Lucio/F-5917-2011; Barker, Gareth/C-9616-2009; Khabibullin,
   Marat/O-1076-2013; Sobczyk, Jan/C-9761-2016; Cafagna,
   Francesco/A-9299-2010; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Koshio,
   Yusuke/C-2847-2015; Nowak, Jaroslaw/P-2502-2016; Collazuol,
   Gianmaria/C-5670-2012; Mariani, Camillo/J-6070-2015
OI Korzenev, Alexander/0000-0003-2107-4415; Shaikhiev,
   Artur/0000-0003-2921-8743; Weber, Alfons/0000-0002-8222-6681; Yokoyama,
   Masashi/0000-0003-2742-0251; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964;
   Ludovici, Lucio/0000-0003-1970-9960; Barker, Gareth/0000-0002-5214-7421;
   Cafagna, Francesco/0000-0002-7450-4784; Di Lodovico,
   Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Koshio, Yusuke/0000-0003-0437-8505;
   Nowak, Jaroslaw/0000-0001-8637-5433; Collazuol,
   Gianmaria/0000-0002-7876-6124; Mariani, Camillo/0000-0003-3284-4681
FU MEXT [25105004]; JSPS, Japan; European Union [ERC-207282, H2020
   RISE-GA644294-JENNIFER, H2020 RISE-GA641540-SKPLUS]; RSF, Russia; RFBR,
   Russia; MES, Russia; JSPS; RFBR
FX This work was supported by a MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research
   on Innovative Areas Number 25105004, titled "Unification and Development
   of the Neutrino Science Frontier." In addition, the participation of
   individual researchers has been further supported by funds from JSPS,
   Japan; the European Union ERC-207282, H2020 RISE-GA644294-JENNIFER, and
   H2020 RISE-GA641540-SKPLUS; RSF, RFBR, and MES, Russia; and JSPS and
   RFBR under the Japan-Russia Research Cooperative Program.
NR 88
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 16
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 2050-3911
J9 PROG THEOR EXP PHYS
JI Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 053C02
DI 10.1093/ptep/ptv061
PG 35
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA CK4HC
UT WOS:000356183900009
ER

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CA CMS Collaboration
TI Measurement of the inclusive 3-jet production differential cross section
   in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV and determination of the strong
   coupling constant in the TeV range
SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; JET FRAGMENTATION; ROOT-S=7 TEV; MODEL;
   SCATTERING; ALPHA(S); LHC
AB This paper presents a measurement of the inclusive 3-jet production differential cross section at a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector. The analysis is based on the three jets with the highest transverse momenta. The cross section is measured as a function of the invariant mass of the three jets in a range of 445-3270 GeV and in two bins of the maximum rapidity of the jets up to a value of 2. A comparison between the measurement and the prediction from perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order is performed. Within uncertainties, data and theory are in agreement. The sensitivity of the observable to the strong coupling constant alpha(S) is studied. A fit to all data points with 3-jet masses larger than 664 GeV gives a value of the strong coupling constant of alpha(S)(M-Z) = 0.1171 +/- 0.0013 (exp) (+0.0073)(-0.0047) (theo).
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   [Asin, I.; Bartosik, N.; Behr, J.; Behrenhoff, W.; Behrens, U.; Bell, A. J.; Bergholz, M.; Bethani, A.; Borras, K.; Burgmeier, A.; Cakir, A.; Calligaris, L.; Campbell, A.; Choudhury, S.; Costanza, F.; Pardos, C. Diez; Dooling, S.; Dorland, T.; Eckerlin, G.; Eckstein, D.; Eichhorn, T.; Flucke, G.; Garcia, J. Garay; Geiser, A.; Gunnellini, P.; Hauk, J.; Hempel, M.; Horton, D.; Jung, H.; Kalogeropoulos, A.; Kasemann, M.; Katsas, P.; Kieseler, J.; Kleinwort, C.; Kruecker, D.; Lange, W.; Leonard, J.; Lipka, K.; Lobanov, A.; Lohmann, W.; Lutz, B.; Mankel, R.; Marfin, I.; Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A.; Meyer, A. B.; Mittag, G.; Mnich, J.; Mussgiller, A.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Nayak, A.; Novgorodova, O.; Ntomari, E.; Perrey, H.; Pitzl, D.; Placakyte, R.; Raspereza, A.; Cipriano, P. M. Ribeiro; Roland, B.; Ron, E.; Sahin, M. Oe.; Salfeld-Nebgen, J.; Saxena, P.; Schmidt, R.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Schroeder, M.; Seitz, C.; Spannagel, S.; Trevino, A. D. R. Vargas; Walsh, R.; Wissing, C.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
   [Martin, M. Aldaya; Blobel, V.; Vignali, M. Centis; Draeger, A. R.; Erfle, J.; Garutti, E.; Goebel, K.; Goerner, M.; Haller, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Hoeing, R. S.; Kirschenmann, H.; Klanner, R.; Kogler, R.; Lange, J.; Lapsien, T.; Lenz, T.; Marchesini, I.; Ott, J.; Peiffer, T.; Pietsch, N.; Poehlsen, J.; Poehlsen, T.; Rathjens, D.; Sander, C.; Schettler, H.; Schleper, P.; Schlieckau, E.; Schmidt, A.; Seidel, M.; Sola, V.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrueck, G.; Troendle, D.; Usai, E.; Vanelderen, L.; Vanhoefer, A.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
   [Barth, C.; Baus, C.; Berger, J.; Boeser, C.; Butz, E.; Chwalek, T.; De Boer, W.; Descroix, A.; Dierlamm, A.; Feindt, M.; Frensch, F.; Giffels, M.; Hartmann, F.; Hauth, T.; Husemann, U.; Katkov, I.; Kornmayer, A.; Kuznetsova, E.; Pardo, P. Lobelle; Mozer, M. U.; Mueller, Th.; Nuernberg, A.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Ratnikov, F.; Roecker, S.; Sieber, G.; Simonis, H. J.; Stober, F. M.; Ulrich, R.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Wayand, S.; Weiler, T.; Wolf, R.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany.
   [Anagnostou, G.; Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Giakoumopoulou, V. A.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Markou, A.; Markou, C.; Psallidas, A.; Topsis-Giotis, I.] NCSR Demokritos, INPP, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.
   [Agapitos, A.; Kesisoglou, S.; Panagiotou, A.; Saoulidou, N.; Stiliaris, E.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece.
   [Aslanoglou, X.; Evangelou, I.; Flouris, G.; Foudas, C.; Kokkas, P.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Paradas, E.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
   [Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Sikler, F.; Veszpremi, V.; Vesztergombi, G.; Zsigmond, A. J.] Wigner Res Ctr Phys, Budapest, Hungary.
   [Beni, N.; Czellar, S.; Karancsi, J.; Molnar, J.; Palinkas, J.; Szillasi, Z.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary.
   [Raics, P.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.] Univ Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
   [Swain, S. K.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
   [Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Gupta, R.; Bhawandeep, U.; Kalsi, A. K.; Kaur, M.; Kumar, R.; Mittal, M.; Nishu, N.; Singh, J. B.; Sharma, V.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India.
   [Banerjee, S.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chatterjee, K.; Dutta, S.; Gomber, B.; Jain, Sa.; Jain, Sh.; Khurana, R.; Modak, A.; Mukherjee, S.; Roy, D.; Sarkar, S.; Sharan, M.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India.
   [Abdulsalam, A.; Dutta, D.; Kailas, S.; Kumar, V.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India.
   [Banerjee, S.; Aziz, T.; Bhowmik, S.; Chatterjee, R. M.; Dewanjee, R. K.; Dugad, S.; Ganguly, S.; Ghosh, S.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Kole, G.; Kumar, S.; Maity, M.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Mohanty, G. B.; Parida, B.; Sudhakar, K.; Wickramage, N.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India.
   [Bakhshiansohi, H.; Behnamian, H.; Etesami, S. M.; Fahim, A.; Goldouzian, R.; Khakzad, M.; Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi; Naseri, M.; Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat; Hosseinabadi, F. Rezaei; Safarzadeh, B.; Zeinali, M.] Inst Res Fundamental Sci IPM, Tehran, Iran.
   [Felcini, M.; Grunewald, M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
   [Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Calabria, C.; Chhibra, S. S.; De Palma, M.; Nuzzo, S.; Pompili, A.; Radogna, R.; Selvaggi, G.; Venditti, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
   [Abbrescia, M.; Barbone, L.; Calabria, C.; Chhibra, S. S.; De Palma, M.; Nuzzo, S.; Pompili, A.; Radogna, R.; Selvaggi, G.; Venditti, R.] Univ Bari, Bari, Italy.
   [Creanza, D.; De Filippis, N.; Iaselli, G.; Maggi, G.; My, S.; Pugliese, G.] Politecn Bari, Bari, Italy.
   [Abbiendi, G.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Campanini, R.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Cavallo, F. R.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Dallavalle, G. M.; Fabbri, F.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Giacomelli, P.; Grandi, C.; Guiducci, L.; Marcellini, S.; Masetti, G.; Montanari, A.; Navarria, F. L.; Perrotta, A.; Primavera, F.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G. P.; Tosi, N.; Travaglini, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
   [Bonacorsi, D.; Braibant-Giacomelli, S.; Brigliadori, L.; Campanini, R.; Capiluppi, P.; Castro, A.; Codispoti, G.; Cuffiani, M.; Fanfani, A.; Fasanella, D.; Guiducci, L.; Navarria, F. L.; Primavera, F.; Rossi, A. M.; Rovelli, T.; Siroli, G. P.; Tosi, N.; Travaglini, R.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
   [Albergo, S.; Cappello, G.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Giordano, F.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Catania, I-95129 Catania, Italy.
   [Albergo, S.; Chiorboli, M.; Costa, S.; Potenza, R.; Tricomi, A.; Tuve, C.] Univ Catania, Catania, Italy.
   CSFNSM, Catania, Italy.
   [Barbagli, G.; Ciulli, V.; Civinini, C.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Gallo, E.; Gonzi, S.; Gori, V.; Lenzi, P.; Meschini, M.; Paoletti, S.; Sguazzoni, G.; Tropiano, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy.
   [Ciulli, V.; D'Alessandro, R.; Focardi, E.; Gonzi, S.; Gori, V.; Lenzi, P.; Tropiano, A.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy.
   [Fabbri, F.; Benussi, L.; Bianco, S.; Piccolo, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy.
   [Ferretti, R.; Ferro, F.; Lo Vetere, M.; Robutti, E.; Tosi, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy.
   [Ferretti, R.; Lo Vetere, M.; Tosi, S.] Univ Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
   [Dinardo, M. E.; Fiorendi, S.; Gennai, S.; Gerosa, R.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Lucchini, M. T.; Malvezzi, S.; Manzoni, R. A.; Martelli, A.; Marzocchi, B.; Menasce, D.; Moroni, L.; Paganoni, M.; Pedrini, D.; Ragazzi, S.; Redaelli, N.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   [Dinardo, M. E.; Fiorendi, S.; Gerosa, R.; Ghezzi, A.; Govoni, P.; Lucchini, M. T.; Manzoni, R. A.; Martelli, A.; Marzocchi, B.; Paganoni, M.; Ragazzi, S.; de Fatis, T. Tabarelli] Univ Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
   [Buontempo, S.; Cavallo, N.; Di Guida, S.; Fabozzi, F.; Iorio, A. O. M.; Lista, L.; Meola, S.; Merola, M.; Paolucci, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy.
   [Iorio, A. O. M.] Univ Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
   [Cavallo, N.; Fabozzi, F.] Univ Basilicata Potenza, Naples, Italy.
   [Di Guida, S.; Meola, S.] Univ G Marconi Roma, Naples, Italy.
   [Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Bisello, D.; Branca, A.; Carlin, R.; Checchia, P.; Dall'Osso, M.; Dorigo, T.; Galanti, M.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Gozzelino, A.; Kanishchev, K.; Lacaprara, S.; Margoni, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pazzini, J.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Ventura, S.; Zotto, P.; Zucchetta, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padua, Italy.
   [Bisello, D.; Branca, A.; Carlin, R.; Dall'Osso, M.; Galanti, M.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Giubilato, P.; Margoni, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Pazzini, J.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Tosi, M.; Vanini, S.; Zotto, P.; Zucchetta, A.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy.
   [Kanishchev, K.] Univ Trento Trento, Padua, Italy.
   [Gabusi, M.; Ratti, S. P.; Re, V.; Riccardi, C.; Salvini, P.; Vitulo, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
   [Gabusi, M.; Ratti, S. P.; Riccardi, C.; Vitulo, P.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
   [Biasini, M.; Bilei, G. M.; Ciangottini, D.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Menichelli, M.; Saha, A.; Santocchia, A.; Spiezia, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
   [Biasini, M.; Ciangottini, D.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Santocchia, A.; Spiezia, A.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
   [Androsov, K.; Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Boccali, T.; Broccolo, G.; Castaldi, R.; Ciocci, M. A.; Dell'Orso, R.; Donato, S.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Giassi, A.; Grippo, M. T.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Martini, L.; Messineo, A.; Moon, C. S.; Palla, F.; Rizzi, A.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Squillacioti, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.; Vernieri, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
   [Martini, L.; Messineo, A.; Rizzi, A.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
   [Broccolo, G.; Donato, S.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Ligabue, F.; Vernieri, C.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
   [Barone, L.; Cavallari, F.; D'imperio, G.; Del Re, D.; Grassi, M.; Longo, E.; Margaroli, F.; Meridiani, P.; Micheli, F.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Organtini, G.; Paramatti, R.; Rahatlou, S.; Rovelli, C.; Santanastasio, F.; Soffi, L.; Traczyk, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy.
   [Barone, L.; D'imperio, G.; Del Re, D.; Grassi, M.; Longo, E.; Margaroli, F.; Micheli, F.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Organtini, G.; Rahatlou, S.; Santanastasio, F.; Soffi, L.; Traczyk, P.] Univ Rome, Rome, Italy.
   [Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Bellan, R.; Biino, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Casasso, S.; Costa, M.; Degano, A.; Demaria, N.; Finco, L.; Mariotti, C.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ortona, G.; Pacher, L.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Angioni, G. L. Pinna; Potenza, A.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Tamponi, U.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy.
   [Amapane, N.; Argiro, S.; Bellan, R.; Casasso, S.; Costa, M.; Degano, A.; Finco, L.; Migliore, E.; Monaco, V.; Ortona, G.; Pacher, L.; Angioni, G. L. Pinna; Potenza, A.; Romero, A.; Sacchi, R.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy.
   [Arcidiacono, R.; Arneodo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, Italy.
   [Belforte, S.; Candelise, V.; Casarsa, M.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; La Licata, C.; Marone, M.; Schizzi, A.; Umer, T.; Zanetti, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
   [Candelise, V.; Della Ricca, G.; La Licata, C.; Marone, M.; Schizzi, A.; Umer, T.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
   [Chang, S.; Kropivnitskaya, T. A.; Nam, S. K.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Chunchon, South Korea.
   [Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, M. S.; Kong, D. J.; Lee, S.; Oh, Y. D.; Park, H.; Sakharov, A.; Son, D. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea.
   [Kim, T. J.] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Chonju, South Korea.
   [Kim, J. Y.; Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Universe & Elementary Particles, Kwangju, South Korea.
   [Choi, S.; Gyun, D.; Hong, B.; Jo, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, Y.; Lee, B.; Lee, K. S.; Park, S. K.; Roh, Y.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Choi, M.; Kim, J. H.; Park, I. C.; Ryu, G.; Ryu, M. S.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
   [Choi, Y.; Choi, Y. K.; Goh, J.; Kim, D.; Kwon, E.; Lee, J.; Seo, H.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea.
   [Juodagalvis, A.] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania.
   [Komaragiri, J. R.; Ali, M. A. B. Md] Univ Malaya, Natl Ctr Particle Phys, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
   [Castilla-Valdez, H.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-de la Cruz, I.; Hernandez-Almada, A.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico.
   [Carrillo Moreno, S.; Vazquez Valencia, F.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
   [Pedraza, I.; Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
   [Casimiro Linares, E.; Morelos Pineda, A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
   [Krofcheck, D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand.
   [Butler, P. H.; Reucroft, S.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand.
   [Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, M.; Hassan, Q.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khalid, S.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Shah, M. A.; Shoaib, M.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan.
   [Bialkowska, H.; Bluj, M.; Boimska, B.; Frueboes, T.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Zalewski, P.] Natl Ctr Nucl Res, Otwock, Poland.
   [Brona, G.; Bunkowski, K.; Cwiok, M.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.; Misiura, M.; Olszewski, M.; Wolszczak, W.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Fac Phys, Warsaw, Poland.
   [Bargassa, P.; Beirao Da Cruz E Silva, C.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Gallinaro, M.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Nguyen, F.; Rodrigues Antunes, J.; Seixas, J.; Varela, J.; Vischia, P.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal.
   [Afanasiev, S.; Bunin, P.; Gavrilenko, M.; Golutvin, I.; Gorbunov, I.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Konoplyanikov, V.; Lanev, A.; Malakhov, A.; Matveev, V.; Moisenz, P.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Shmatov, S.; Skatchkov, N.; Smirnov, V.; Zarubin, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia.
   [Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Levchenko, P.; Murzin, V.; Oreshkin, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, An.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia.
   [Andreev, Yu.; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Pashenkov, A.; Tlisov, D.; Toropin, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia.
   [Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Lychkovskaya, N.; Popov, V.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Spiridonov, A.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia.
   [Andreev, V.; Azarkin, M.; Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Leonidov, A.; Mesyats, G.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia.
   [Belyaev, A.; Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Klyukhin, V.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Obraztsov, S.; Petrushanko, S.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia.
   [Azhgirey, I.; Bayshev, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Kachanov, V.; Kalinin, A.; Konstantinov, D.; Krychkine, V.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Sobol, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.] State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia.
   [Adzic, P.; Ekmedzic, M.; Milosevic, J.; Rekovic, V.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
   [Adzic, P.; Ekmedzic, M.; Milosevic, J.; Rekovic, V.] Univ Belgrade, Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia.
   [Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Battilana, C.; Calvo, E.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Colino, N.; De La Cruz, B.; Peris, A. Delgado; Domiguez Vazquez, D.; Escalante Del Valle, A.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Navarro De Martino, E.; Perez-Calero Yzquierdo, A.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Quintario Olmeda, A.; Redondo, I.; Romero, L.; Soares, M. S.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
   [Albajar, C.; de Troconiz, J. F.; Missiroli, M.; Moran, D.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
   [Brun, H.; Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Folgueras, S.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
   [Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Graziano, A.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Matorras, F.; Munoz Sanchez, F. J.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Rodrigo, T.; Rodriguez-Marrero, A. Y.; Ruiz-Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria IFCA, E-39005 Santander, Spain.
   [Abbaneo, D.; Auffray, E.; Auzinger, G.; Bachtis, M.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Barney, D.; Benaglia, A.; Bendavid, J.; Benhabib, L.; Benitez, J. F.; Bernet, C.; Bianchi, G.; Bloch, P.; Bocci, A.; Bonato, A.; Bondu, O.; Botta, C.; Breuker, H.; Camporesi, T.; Cerminara, G.; Colafranceschi, S.; D'Alfonso, M.; d'Enterria, D.; Dabrowski, A.; David, A.; De Guio, F.; De Roeck, A.; De Visscher, S.; Di Marco, E.; Dobson, M.; Dordevic, M.; Dorney, B.; Dupont-Sagorin, N.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Eugster, J.; Franzoni, G.; Funk, W.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Girone, M.; Glege, F.; Guida, R.; Gundacker, S.; Guthoff, M.; Hammer, J.; Hansen, M.; Harris, P.; Hegeman, J.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Kousouris, K.; Krajczar, K.; Lecoq, P.; Lourenco, C.; Magini, N.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Marrouche, J.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Moortgat, F.; Morovic, S.; Mulders, M.; Musella, P.; Orsini, L.; Pape, L.; Perez, E.; Perrozzi, L.; Petrilli, A.; Petrucciani, G.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Pimiae, M.; Piparo, D.; Plagge, M.; Racz, A.; Rolandi, G.; Rovere, M.; Sakulin, H.; Schaefer, C.; Schwick, C.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, P.; Silva, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Steggemann, J.; Stieger, B.; Stoye, M.; Takahashi, Y.; Treille, D.; Tsirou, A.; Veres, G. I.; Wardle, N.; Woehri, H. K.; Wollny, H.; Zeuner, W. D.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
   [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland.
   [Bachmair, F.; Baeni, L.; Bianchini, L.; Buchmann, M. A.; Casal, B.; Chanon, N.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Donega, M.; Duenser, M.; Eller, P.; Grab, C.; Hits, D.; Hoss, J.; Lustermann, W.; Mangano, B.; Marini, A. C.; del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz; Masciovecchio, M.; Meister, D.; Mohr, N.; Naegeli, C.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pandolfi, F.; Pauss, F.; Peruzzi, M.; Quittnat, M.; Rebane, L.; Rossini, M.; Starodumov, A.; Takahashi, M.; Theofilatos, K.; Wallny, R.; Weber, H. A.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Amsler, C.; Canelli, M. F.; Chiochia, V.; De Cosa, A.; Hinzmann, A.; Hreus, T.; Kilminster, B.; Lange, C.; Mejias, B. Millan; Ngadiuba, J.; Robmann, P.; Ronga, F. J.; Taroni, S.; Verzetti, M.; Yang, Y.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Cardaci, M.; Chen, K. H.; Ferro, C.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W.; Lu, Y. J.; Volpe, R.; Yu, S. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan.
   [Chang, P.; Chang, Y. H.; Chang, Y. W.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Chen, P. H.; Dietz, C.; Grundler, U.; Hou, W. -S.; Kao, K. Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Liu, Y. F.; Lu, R. -S.; Majumder, D.; Petrakou, E.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Wilken, R.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan.
   [Asavapibhop, B.; Singh, G.; Srimanobhas, N.; Suwonjandee, N.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok, Thailand.
   [Adiguzel, A.; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dozen, C.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gokbulut, G.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Kangal, E. E.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Onengut, G.; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Cerci, D. Sunar; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Vergili, M.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey.
   [Akin, I. V.; Bilin, B.; Bilmis, S.; Gamsizkan, H.; Karapinar, G.; Ocalan, K.; Sekmen, S.; Surat, U. E.; Yalvac, M.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey.
   [Gulmez, E.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Cankocak, K.; Vardarli, F. I.] Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Levchuk, L.; Sorokin, P.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine.
   [Brooke, J. J.; Clement, E.; Cussans, D.; Flacher, H.; Goldstein, J.; Grimes, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Jacob, J.; Kreczko, L.; Lucas, C.; Meng, Z.; Newbold, D. M.; Paramesvaran, S.; Poll, A.; Senkin, S.; Smith, V. J.; Williams, T.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England.
   [Bell, K. W.; Belyaev, A.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Thea, A.; Tomalin, I. R.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Baber, M.; Bainbridge, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Burton, D.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Cutajar, M.; Dauncey, P.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Dunne, P.; Ferguson, W.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Gilbert, A.; Hall, G.; Iles, G.; Jarvis, M.; Karapostoli, G.; Kenzie, M.; Lane, R.; Lucas, R.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A. -M.; Malik, S.; Mathias, B.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Pela, J.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Raymond, D. M.; Rogerson, S.; Rose, A.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Tapper, A.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Virdee, T.; Zenz, S. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England.
   [Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leggat, D.; Leslie, D.; Martin, W.; Reid, I. D.; Symonds, P.; Teodorescu, L.; Turner, M.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England.
   [Dittmann, J.; Hatakeyama, K.; Kasmi, A.; Liu, H.; Scarborough, T.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
   [Charaf, O.; Cooper, S. I.; Henderson, C.; Rumerio, P.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA.
   [Avetisyan, A.; Bose, T.; Fantasia, C.; Lawson, P.; Richardson, C.; Rohlf, J.; St John, J.; Sulak, L.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Bhattacharya, S.; Alimena, J.; Berry, E.; Christopher, G.; Cutts, D.; Demiragli, Z.; Dhingra, N.; Ferapontov, A.; Garabedian, A.; Heintz, U.; Kukartsev, G.; Laird, E.; Landsberg, G.; Luk, M.; Narain, M.; Segala, M.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Speer, T.; Swanson, J.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   [Breedon, R.; Breto, G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Conway, R.; Cox, P. T.; Erbacher, R.; Gardner, M.; Ko, W.; Lander, R.; Miceli, T.; Mulhearn, M.; Pellett, D.; Pilot, J.; Ricci-Tam, F.; Searle, M.; Shalhout, S.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Stolp, D.; Tripathi, M.; Wilbur, S.; Yohay, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   [Weber, M.; Cousins, R.; Everaerts, P.; Farrell, C.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Rakness, G.; Takasugi, E.; Valuev, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   [Burt, K.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Hanson, G.; Heilman, J.; Rikova, M. Ivova; Jandir, P.; Kennedy, E.; Lacroix, F.; Long, O. R.; Luthra, A.; Malberti, M.; Nguyen, H.; Negrete, M. Olmedo; Shrinivas, A.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   [Sharma, V.; Andrews, W.; Branson, J. G.; Cerati, G. B.; Cittolin, S.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Evans, D.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Klein, D.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Macneill, I.; Olivito, D.; Padhi, S.; Palmer, C.; Pieri, M.; Sani, M.; Simon, S.; Sudano, E.; Tadel, M.; Tu, Y.; Vartak, A.; Welke, C.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Barge, D.; Bradmiller-Feld, J.; Campagnari, C.; Danielson, T.; Dishaw, A.; Flowers, K.; Sevilla, M. Franco; Geffert, P.; George, C.; Golf, F.; Gouskos, L.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Mccoll, N.; Richman, J.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; West, C.; Yoo, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Duarte, J.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Pena, C.; Rogan, C.; Spiropulu, M.; Timciuc, V.; Vlimant, J. R.; Wilkinson, R.; Xie, S.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Azzolini, V.; Calamba, A.; Carlson, B.; Ferguson, T.; Iiyama, Y.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Cumalat, J. P.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Lopez, E. Luiggi; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K. A.; Wagner, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Chu, J.; Dittmer, S.; Eggert, N.; Mirman, N.; Kaufman, G. Nicolas; Patterson, J. R.; Ryd, A.; Salvati, E.; Skinnari, L.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Tucker, J.; Weng, Y.; Winstrom, L.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
   [Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA.
   [Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Anderson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bolla, G.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gao, Y.; Gottschalk, E.; Gray, L.; Green, D.; Gutsche, O.; Hanlon, J.; Hare, D.; Harris, R. M.; Hirschauer, J.; Hooberman, B.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Kaadze, K.; Klima, B.; Kreis, B.; Kwan, S.; Linacre, J.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Liu, T.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Outschoorn, V. I. Martinez; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Merkel, P.; Mishra, K.; Mrenna, S.; Musienko, Y.; Nahn, S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Prokofyev, O.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sharma, S.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Tran, N. V.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitbeck, A.; Whitmore, J.; Yang, F.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bortignon, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Carver, M.; Cheng, T.; Curry, D.; Das, S.; De Gruttola, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Field, R. D.; Fisher, M.; Furic, I. K.; Hugon, J.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kypreos, T.; Low, J. F.; Matchev, K.; Milenovic, P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Muniz, L.; Rinkevicius, A.; Shchutska, L.; Snowball, M.; Sperka, D.; Yelton, J.; Zakaria, M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
   [Hewamanage, S.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA.
   [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bochenek, J.; Diamond, B.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Johnson, K. F.; Prosper, H.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Weinberg, M.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Baarmand, M. M.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Yumiceva, F.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA.
   [Adams, M. R.; Apanasevich, L.; Bazterra, V. E.; Berry, D.; Betts, R. R.; Bucinskaite, I.; Cavanaugh, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Gauthier, L.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatyan, S.; Kurt, P.; Moon, D. H.; O'Brien, C.; Silkworth, C.; Turner, P.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA.
   [Tonelli Manganote, E. J.; Albayrak, E. A.; Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Dilsiz, K.; Duru, F.; Haytmyradov, M.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Ogul, H.; Ozok, F.; Penzo, A.; Rahmat, R.; Sen, S.; Tan, P.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA.
   [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bolognesi, S.; Fehling, D.; Gritsan, A. V.; Maksimovic, P.; Martin, C.; Swartz, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA.
   [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Benelli, G.; Bruner, C.; Kenny, R. P., III; Malek, M.; Murray, M.; Noonan, D.; Sanders, S.; Sekaric, J.; Stringer, R.; Wang, Q.; Wood, J. S.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
   [Barfuss, A. F.; Chakaberia, I.; Ivanov, A.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Saini, L. K.; Shrestha, S.; Skhirtladze, N.; Svintradze, I.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   [Gronberg, J.; Lange, D.; Rebassoo, F.; Wright, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
   [Baden, A.; Belloni, A.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kolberg, T.; Lu, Y.; Marionneau, M.; Mignerey, A. C.; Pedro, K.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Apyan, A.; Barbieri, R.; Bauer, G.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; Di Matteo, L.; Dutta, V.; Ceballos, G. Gomez; Goncharov, M.; Gulhan, D.; Klute, M.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y. -J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Ma, T.; Paus, C.; Ralph, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Stoeckli, F.; Sumorok, K.; Velicanu, D.; Veverka, J.; Wyslouch, B.; Yang, M.; Zanetti, M.; Zhukova, V.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Dahmes, B.; Gude, A.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Pastika, N.; Rusack, R.; Singovsky, A.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   [Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.] Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS USA.
   [Malik, S.; Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Suarez, R. Gonzalez; Keller, J.; Knowlton, D.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Meier, F.; Snow, G. R.; Zvada, M.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA.
   [Kumar, A.; Dolen, J.; Godshalk, A.; Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Rappoccio, S.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA.
   [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Haley, J.; Massironi, A.; Morse, D. M.; Nash, D.; Orimoto, T.; Trocino, D.; Wang, R. J.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   [Hahn, K. A.; Kubik, A.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Pollack, B.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Sung, K.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA.
   [Brinkerhoff, A.; Chan, K. M.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kellams, N.; Lannon, K.; Luo, W.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Pearson, T.; Planer, M.; Ruchti, R.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Woodard, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
   [Antonelli, L.; Brinson, J.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Flowers, S.; Hill, C.; Hughes, R.; Kotov, K.; Ling, T. Y.; Puigh, D.; Rodenburg, M.; Smith, G.; Winer, B. L.; Wolfe, H.; Wulsin, H. W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Driga, O.; Elmer, P.; Hebda, P.; Hunt, A.; Koay, S. A.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Piroue, P.; Quan, X.; Saka, H.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Zuranski, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Brownson, E.; Mendez, H.; Vargas, J. E. Ramirez] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA.
   [Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Bortoletto, D.; De Mattia, M.; Gutay, L.; Hu, Z.; Jha, M. K.; Jones, M.; Jung, K.; Kress, M.; Leonardo, N.; Pegna, D. Lopes; Maroussov, V.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shi, X.; Shipsey, I.; Silvers, D.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Xu, L.; Yoo, H. D.; Zablocki, J.; Zheng, Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Parashar, N.; Stupak, J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA USA.
   [Adair, A.; Akgun, B.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Li, W.; Michlin, B.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Zabel, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA.
   [Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; Covarelli, R.; De Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Eshaq, Y.; Ferbel, T.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Goldenzweig, P.; Han, J.; Harel, A.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Petrillo, G.; Vishnevskiy, D.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, MN USA.
   [Ciesielski, R.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Lungu, G.; Mesropian, C.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA.
   [Arora, S.; Barker, A.; Chou, J. P.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Duggan, D.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Kaplan, S.; Lath, A.; Panwalkar, S.; Park, M.; Patel, R.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA.
   [Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; York, A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.
   [Rose, A.; Bouhali, O.; Hernandez, A. Castaneda; Eusebi, R.; Flanagan, W.; Gilmore, J.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Krutelyov, V.; Montalvo, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Perloff, A.; Roe, J.; Safonov, A.; Sakuma, T.; Suarez, I.; Tatarinov, A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
   [Akchurin, N.; Cowden, C.; Damgov, J.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Kovitanggoon, K.; Kunori, S.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Volobouev, I.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   [Mao, Y.; Appelt, E.; Delannoy, A. G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Melo, A.; Sharma, M.; Sheldon, P.; Snook, B.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
   [Arenton, M. W.; Boutle, S.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Wood, J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA.
   [Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Don, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA.
   [Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Friis, E.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Herve, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Lazaridis, C.; Levine, A.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ross, I.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Verwilligen, P.; Vuosalo, C.; Woods, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
   [Fabjan, C.; Fruehwirth, R.; Jeitler, M.; Krammer, M.; Wulz, C. -E.] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria.
   [Rabady, D.; Pernie, L.; Genchev, V.; Boudoul, G.; Contardo, D.; Lingemann, J.; Hartmann, F.; Hauth, T.; Kornmayer, A.; Mohanty, A. K.; Radogna, R.; Silvestris, L.; Giordano, F.; Gori, V.; Fiorendi, S.; Gennai, S.; Gerosa, R.; Lucchini, M. T.; Di Guida, S.; Meola, S.; Paolucci, P.; Spiezia, A.; Palla, F.; Vernieri, C.; Micheli, F.; Soffi, L.; Argiro, S.; Casasso, S.; Obertino, M. M.; Stickland, D.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
   [Beluffi, C.] Univ Haute Alsace Mulhouse, Univ Strasbourg, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS,IN2P3, Strasbourg, France.
   [Giammanco, A.] NICPB, Tallinn, Estonia.
   [Popov, A.; Zhukov, V.; Katkov, I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia.
   [Chinellato, J.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
   [Plestina, R.; Bernet, C.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
   [Finger, M., Jr.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia.
   [Assran, Y.] Suez Univ, Suez, Egypt.
   [Kamel, A. Ellithi] Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt.
   [Mahmoud, M. A.] Fayoum Univ, Al Fayyum, Egypt.
   [Radi, A.] British Univ Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
   [Agram, J. -L.; Conte, E.; Fontaine, J. -C.] Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
   [Bagaturia, I.] Ilia State Univ, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia.
   [Bergholz, M.; Hempel, M.; Lohmann, W.; Marfin, I.; Schmidt, R.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany.
   [Horvath, D.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary.
   [Vesztergombi, G.; Veres, G. I.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary.
   [Karancsi, J.] Univ Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
   [Bhowmik, S.; Maity, M.] Visva Bharati Univ, Santini Ketan, W Bengal, India.
   [Wickramage, N.] Univ Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
   [Etesami, S. M.] Isfahan Univ Technol, Esfahan, Iran.
   [Fahim, A.] Sharif Univ Technol, Tehran, Iran.
   [Safarzadeh, B.] Islamic Azad Univ, Plasma Phys Res Ctr, Sci & Res Branch, Tehran, Iran.
   [Androsov, K.; Ciocci, M. A.; Grippo, M. T.; Squillacioti, P.] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
   [Moon, C. S.] CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France.
   [Savoy-Navarro, A.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Heredia-de la Cruz, I.] Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico.
   [Matveev, V.; Musienko, Y.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia.
   [Kim, V.] St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia.
   [Dubinin, M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Adzic, P.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
   [Colafranceschi, S.] Univ Rome, Fac Ingn, Rome, Italy.
   [Rolandi, G.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
   [Rolandi, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa, Italy.
   [Sphicas, P.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece.
   [Naegeli, C.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland.
   [Starodumov, A.; Nikitenko, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia.
   [Amsler, C.] Albert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, Bern, Switzerland.
   [Bakirci, M. N.; Ozturk, S.; Topakli, H.] Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Tokat, Turkey.
   [Cerci, S.; Cerci, D. Sunar; Tali, B.] Adiyaman Univ, Adiyaman, Turkey.
   [Onengut, G.] Cag Univ, Mersin, Turkey.
   [Gamsizkan, H.] Anadolu Univ, Eskisehir, Turkey.
   [Karapinar, G.] Izmir Inst Technol, Izmir, Turkey.
   [Ocalan, K.] Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Konya, Turkey.
   [Isildak, B.] Ozyegin Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Kaya, M.] Marmara Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Kaya, O.] Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey.
   [Newbold, D. M.; Lucas, R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Belyaev, A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton, Hants, England.
   [Milenovic, P.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
   [Milenovic, P.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia.
   [Albayrak, E. A.; Ozok, F.] Mimar Sinan Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Bilki, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Mermerkaya, H.] Erzincan Univ, Erzincan, Turkey.
   [Yetkin, T.] Yildiz Tekn Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Bouhali, O.] Texas A&M Univ Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
   [Kamon, T.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Daegu, South Korea.
RP Khachatryan, V (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.
RI Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Haj Ahmad, Wael/E-6738-2016; Konecki,
   Marcin/G-4164-2015; Xie, Si/O-6830-2016; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016;
   Calderon, Alicia/K-3658-2014; Goh, Junghwan/Q-3720-2016; Ruiz,
   Alberto/E-4473-2011; Govoni, Pietro/K-9619-2016; Tuominen,
   Eija/A-5288-2017; Yazgan, Efe/C-4521-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014;
   Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Ogul, Hasan/S-7951-2016;
   Tomei, Thiago/E-7091-2012; Dubinin, Mikhail/I-3942-2016; Stahl,
   Achim/E-8846-2011; Kirakosyan, Martin/N-2701-2015; Gulmez,
   Erhan/P-9518-2015; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Seixas,
   Joao/F-5441-2013; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/L-4142-2016; Sznajder,
   Andre/L-1621-2016; Da Silveira, Gustavo Gil/N-7279-2014; Mora Herrera,
   Maria Clemencia/L-3893-2016; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; KIM, Tae
   Jeong/P-7848-2015; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; de Jesus Damiao,
   Dilson/G-6218-2012; Horani, Hafeez /L-2414-2015; Calvo Alamillo,
   Enrique/L-1203-2014; Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012; Cerrada,
   Marcos/J-6934-2014; Perez-Calero Yzquierdo, Antonio/F-2235-2013; Novaes,
   Sergio/D-3532-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Chinellato, Jose
   Augusto/I-7972-2012; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Grandi,
   Claudio/B-5654-2015; Rovelli, Tiziano/K-4432-2015; Dremin,
   Igor/K-8053-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Dogra, Sunil
   /B-5330-2013; Leonidov, Andrey/M-4440-2013; Andreev,
   Vladimir/M-8665-2015; Petrushanko, Sergey/D-6880-2012; Cakir,
   Altan/P-1024-2015; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; Gennai,
   Simone/P-2880-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015; Lokhtin,
   Igor/D-7004-2012; Montanari, Alessandro/J-2420-2012; VARDARLI, Fuat
   Ilkehan/B-6360-2013; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Lo Vetere,
   Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; ciocci,
   maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Manganote, Edmilson/K-8251-2013; Bedoya,
   Cristina/K-8066-2014; Marco, Jesus/B-8735-2008; My,
   Salvatore/I-5160-2015
OI Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Haj Ahmad, Wael/0000-0003-1491-0446;
   Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731;
   Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Goh, Junghwan/0000-0002-1129-2083;
   Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301;
   Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950;
   Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Jacob, Jeson/0000-0001-6895-5493;
   Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; ORTONA,
   Giacomo/0000-0001-8411-2971; Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355;
   Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Tabarelli de Fatis,
   Tommaso/0000-0001-6262-4685; Ulrich, Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Reis,
   Thomas/0000-0003-3703-6624; Luukka, Panja/0000-0003-2340-4641; Ogul,
   Hasan/0000-0002-5121-2893; Martinez Ruiz del Arbol,
   Pablo/0000-0002-7737-5121; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; Grassi,
   Marco/0000-0003-2422-6736; Tomei, Thiago/0000-0002-1809-5226; Dubinin,
   Mikhail/0000-0002-7766-7175; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Gulmez,
   Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Tinoco Mendes, Andre
   David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842; Vilela
   Pereira, Antonio/0000-0003-3177-4626; Sznajder,
   Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Da Silveira, Gustavo Gil/0000-0003-3514-7056;
   Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia/0000-0003-3915-3170; Dudko,
   Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Paganoni,
   Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; de Jesus Damiao, Dilson/0000-0002-3769-1680;
   Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/0000-0002-1100-2963; Flix,
   Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691;
   Perez-Calero Yzquierdo, Antonio/0000-0003-3036-7965; Novaes,
   Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982;
   Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Ragazzi,
   Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070;
   Rovelli, Tiziano/0000-0002-9746-4842; Matorras,
   Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153;
   Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373; Benussi,
   Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480;
   Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; ciocci, maria agnese
   /0000-0003-0002-5462; Bedoya, Cristina/0000-0001-8057-9152; Marco,
   Jesus/0000-0001-7914-8494; My, Salvatore/0000-0002-9938-2680
FU Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy; Austrian
   Science Fund; Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique; Fonds voor
   Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; CNPq; CAPES; FAPERJ; FAPESP; Bulgarian
   Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   Ministry of Science and Technology; National Natural Science Foundation
   of China; Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); Croatian Ministry of
   Science, Education and Sport; Croatian Science Foundation; Research
   Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; Ministry of Education and Research;
   Estonian Research Council [IUT23-4, IUT23-6]; European Regional
   Development Fund, Estonia; Academy of Finland; Finnish Ministry of
   Education and Culture; Helsinki Institute of Physics; Institut National
   de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS; Commissariat a
   l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives/CEA, France;
   Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung; Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher
   Forschungszentren, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and
   Technology, Greece; National Scientific Research Foundation; National
   Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy; Department of
   Science and Technology, India; Institute for Studies in Theoretical
   Physics and Mathematics, Iran; Science Foundation, Ireland; Istituto
   Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future
   Planning; National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea;
   Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; Ministry of Education; University of
   Malaya (Malaysia); CINVESTAV; CONACYT; SEP; UASLP-FAI; Ministry of
   Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; Pakistan Atomic Energy
   Commission; Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Science
   Centre, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR,
   Dubna; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation;
   Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation; Russian
   Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministry of
   Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; Secretaria
   de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion; Programa
   Consolider-Ingenio, Spain; ETH Board; ETH Zurich; PSI; SNF; UniZH;
   Canton Zurich; SER; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; Thailand
   Center of Excellence in Physics; Institute for the Promotion of Teaching
   Science and Technology of Thailand; Special Task Force for Activating
   Research; National Science and Technology Development Agency of
   Thailand; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey; Turkish
   Atomic Energy Authority; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; State
   Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; Science and Technology
   Facilities Council, UK; US Department of Energy; US National Science
   Foundation; Marie-Curie programme; European Research Council; EPLANET
   (European Union); Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander
   von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds
   pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture
   (FRIA-Belgium); Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie
   (IWT-Belgium); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the
   Czech Republic; Council of Science and Industrial Research, India;
   Foundation for Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development
   Fund; Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); Consorzio per la Fisica
   (Trieste); MIUR (Italy) [20108T4XTM]; Thalis programme; Aristeia
   programme; EU-ESF; Greek NSRF; National Priorities Research Program by
   Qatar National Research Fund
FX We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for
   the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and
   administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their
   contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we
   gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the
   Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing
   infrastructure essential to our analyses.; Finally, we acknowledge the
   enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the
   CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian
   Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian
   Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds
   voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq,
   CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and
   Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and
   Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the
   Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of
   Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the
   Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and
   Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European
   Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish
   Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics;
   the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des
   Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies
   Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und
   Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
   Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for
   Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research
   Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of
   Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the
   Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the
   Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,
   Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National
   Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of
   Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya
   (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and
   UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New
   Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science
   and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the
   Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the
   Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal
   Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of
   Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of
   Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the
   Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion and
   Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH
   Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the
   Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of
   Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching
   Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating
   Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of
   Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and
   Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of
   Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science
   and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and
   the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support
   from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and
   EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P.; Sloan
   Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal
   Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans
   l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor
   Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of
   Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of
   Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of
   Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional
   Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per
   la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and
   Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the
   National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund.
NR 67
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 10
U2 41
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1434-6044
EI 1434-6052
J9 EUR PHYS J C
JI Eur. Phys. J. C
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 75
IS 5
AR 186
DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3376-y
PG 24
WC Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA CJ7KG
UT WOS:000355673300005
ER

PT J
AU Weise, DR
   Johnson, TJ
   Reardon, J
AF Weise, David R.
   Johnson, Timothy J.
   Reardon, James
TI Particulate and trace gas emissions from prescribed burns in
   southeastern US fuel types: Summary of a 5-year project
SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Smoke; Pinus palustris; Pocosin; Spectroscopy; Wildland fire
ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE H2O2; LONGLEAF PINE
   FORESTS; UNITED-STATES; FIRE BEHAVIOR; VIBRATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS;
   LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SMOKE EXPOSURE;
   NORTH-CAROLINA
AB Management of smoke from prescribed fires requires knowledge of fuel quantity and the amount and composition of the smoke produced by the fire to minimize adverse impacts on human health. A five-year study produced new emissions information for more than 100 trace gases and particulate matter in smoke for fuel types found in the southern United States of America using state-of-the-art instrumentation in both laboratory and field experiments. Emission factors for flaming, smoldering, and residual smoldering were developed. Agreement between laboratory and field-derived emission factors was generally good in most cases. Reference spectra of over 50 wildland fire gas-phase smoke components were added to a publicly-available database to support identification via infrared spectroscopy. Fuel loading for the field experiments was similar to previously measured fuels. This article summarizes the results of a five-year study to better understand the composition of smoke during all phases of burning for such forests. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Weise, David R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
   [Johnson, Timothy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Reardon, James] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA.
RP Weise, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA.
EM dweise@fs.fed.us; timothy.johnson@pnnl.gov; jreardon@fs.fed.us
FU Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development
   Program (SERDP) [RC-1649]; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle
   Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX This work was supported by the Department of Defense's Strategic
   Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) project RC-1649
   and we thank Dr. John Hall and his program for their support.
   Suggestions made by the SERDP Technical Advisory Committee helped to
   focus and expand the original project. In particular, we thank Prof.
   Robert J. Yokelson of the University of Montana for his many enormous
   contributions to this project. We also thank the several students,
   post-doctoral fellows and research scientists who contributed to
   individual components. In addition to SERDP and the Department of
   Defense installations, several other federal, state, and university
   organizations contributed to the success of this project including the
   National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental
   Protection Agency, the National Center for Atmospheric Research,
   Colorado State University, University of California-Riverside, Georgia
   Institute of Technology, North Carolina Forest Service, South Carolina
   Forestry Commission, the U.S. Forest Service, the Department of Energy,
   and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. PNNL is operated for the
   U.S. Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under
   contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 96
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 16
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0379-7112
EI 1873-7226
J9 FIRE SAFETY J
JI Fire Saf. J.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 74
BP 71
EP 81
DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.02.016
PG 11
WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA CK3HV
UT WOS:000356108100008
ER

PT J
AU Agrawal, P
   Batell, B
   Fox, PJ
   Harnik, R
AF Agrawal, Prateek
   Batell, Brian
   Fox, Patrick J.
   Harnik, Roni
TI WIMPs at the galactic center
SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE dark matter theory; particle physics - cosmology connection; gamma ray
   experiments
ID GAMMA-RAY EXCESS; COLD DARK-MATTER; MODEL; FERMI; EMISSION; SCALAR;
   MICROMEGAS; NEUTRALINO; NEUTRINO; PROGRAM
AB Simple models of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) predict dark matter annihilations into pairs of electroweak gauge bosons, Higgses or tops, which through their subsequent cascade decays produce a spectrum of gamma rays. Intriguingly, an excess in gamma rays coming from near the Galactic center has been consistently observed in Fermi data. A recent analysis by the Fermi collaboration confirms these earlier results. Taking into account the systematic uncertainties in the modelling of the gamma ray backgrounds, we show for the first time that this excess can be well fit by these final states. In particular, for annihilations to (WW, ZZ, hh, t (t) over bar), dark matter with mass between threshold and approximately (165, 190, 280, 310) GeV gives an acceptable fit. The fit range for b (b) over bar is also enlarged to 35 GeV less than or similar to m(chi) less than or similar to 165 GeV. These are to be compared to previous fits that concluded only much lighter dark matter annihilating into b, tau, and light quark fi nal states could describe the excess. We demonstrate that simple, well-motivated models of WIMP dark matter including a thermal-relic neutralino of the MSSM, Higgs portal models, as well as other simplified models can explain the excess.
C1 [Agrawal, Prateek; Fox, Patrick J.; Harnik, Roni] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   [Batell, Brian] CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
RP Agrawal, P (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
EM prateek@fnal.gov; brian.batell@cern.ch; pjfox@fnal.gov; roni@fnal.gov
FU CERN COFUND fellowship; National Science Foundation [PHYS-1066293];
   Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; United States
   Department of Energy
FX We thank Marco Cirelli, Antonio Delgado, Rouven Essig, Ramona Grober,
   Jack Kearney, Dan Hooper, Travis Martin, Sunghoon Jung, Tracy Slatyer,
   and Tim Tait for useful discussions and correspondence. We especially
   thank Ilias Cholis and Christoph Weniger for numerous discussions and
   information about their recent work [13], and Simona Murgia for
   discussions about the Fermi analysis [14]. Fermilab is operated by Fermi
   Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the
   United States Department of Energy. B.B. is supported in part by a CERN
   COFUND fellowship. This work was supported in part by the National
   Science Foundation under Grant No. PHYS-1066293 and the hospitality of
   the Aspen Center for Physics.
NR 149
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1475-7516
J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P
JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 011
DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/011
PG 34
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CJ9AN
UT WOS:000355794800011
ER

PT J
AU Bautista, JE
   Bailey, S
   Font-Ribera, A
   Pieri, MM
   Busca, NG
   Miralda-Escude, J
   Palanque-Delabrouille, N
   Rich, J
   Dawson, K
   Feng, Y
   Ge, J
   Gontcho, SGA
   Ho, S
   Le Goff, JM
   Noterdaeme, P
   Paris, I
   Rossi, G
   Schlegel, D
AF Bautista, Julian E.
   Bailey, Stephen
   Font-Ribera, Andreu
   Pieri, Matthew M.
   Busca, Nicolas G.
   Miralda-Escude, Jordi
   Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
   Rich, James
   Dawson, Kyle
   Feng, Yu
   Ge, Jian
   Gontcho, Satya A. Gontcho
   Ho, Shirley
   Le Goff, Jean Marc
   Noterdaeme, Pasquier
   Paris, Isabelle
   Rossi, Graziano
   Schlegel, David
TI Mock Quasar-Lyman-alpha forest data-sets for the SDSS-III Baryon
   Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE redshift surveys; Lyman alpha forest; baryon acoustic oscillations
ID GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE; REDSHIFT; ABSORBERS; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS
AB We describe mock data-sets generated to simulate the high-redshift quasar sample in Data Release 11 (DR11) of the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The mock spectra contain Ly alpha forest correlations useful for studying the 3D correlation function including Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). They also include astrophysical effects such as quasar continuum diversity and high-density absorbers, instrumental effects such as noise and spectral resolution, as well as imperfections introduced by the SDSS pipeline treatment of the raw data. The Ly alpha forest BAO analysis of the BOSS collaboration, described in Delubac et al. 2014, has used these mock data-sets to develop and cross-check analysis procedures prior to performing the BAO analysis on real data, and for continued systematic cross checks. Tests presented here show that the simulations reproduce sufficiently well important characteristics of real spectra. These mock data-sets will be made available together with the data at the time of the Data Release 11.
C1 [Bautista, Julian E.; Busca, Nicolas G.; Rich, James] Univ Paris 07, CEA, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France.
   [Bautista, Julian E.; Dawson, Kyle] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Bailey, Stephen; Font-Ribera, Andreu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Pieri, Matthew M.] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, Marseille, France.
   [Pieri, Matthew M.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England.
   [Busca, Nicolas G.] Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
   [Busca, Nicolas G.] LIneA, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
   [Miralda-Escude, Jordi; Gontcho, Satya A. Gontcho] Univ Barcelona, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
   [Miralda-Escude, Jordi] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
   [Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Rich, James; Le Goff, Jean Marc] CEA, Ctr Saclay, Irfu, SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
   [Feng, Yu; Ho, Shirley] Carnegie Mellon Univ, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Ge, Jian] Univ Florida, Department Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Noterdaeme, Pasquier; Paris, Isabelle] Univ Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France.
   [Rossi, Graziano] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France.
   [Noterdaeme, Pasquier; Paris, Isabelle] Sejong Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Seoul 143747, South Korea.
RP Bautista, JE (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, CEA, Observ Paris, APC,CNRS,IN2P3, 10 Rue A Domon & L Duquet, Paris, France.
EM bautista@astro.utah.edu
FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231];
   Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-08-BLAN-0222]; European Union
   Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) [PIIF-GA-2011-301665]; A*MIDEX project
   - "Investissements d'Avenir" French Government program
   [ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science
   Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; University of
   Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory;
   University of Cambridge; Carnegie Mellon University; University of
   Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard
   University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre
   Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence
   Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max
   Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State
   University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania
   State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton University;
   Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah;
   Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington;
   Yale University
FX This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific
   Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of
   the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.;
   This project was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under
   contract ANR-08-BLAN-0222. The research leading to these results has
   received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
   (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n [PIIF-GA-2011-301665].; This
   work has been carried out thanks to the support of the A*MIDEX project
   (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02) funded by the "Investissements d'Avenir" French
   Government program, managed by the French National Research Agency
   (ANR).; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan
   Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science
   Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The
   SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.; SDSS-III is managed by the
   Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of
   the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the
   Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
   University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of
   Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group,
   Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the
   Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins
   University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute
   for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New
   Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University,
   Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton
   University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo,
   University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia,
   University of Washington, and Yale University.
NR 31
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U1 2
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1475-7516
J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P
JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 060
DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/060
PG 31
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CJ9AN
UT WOS:000355794800060
ER

PT J
AU Bielefeld, J
   Huterer, D
   Linder, EV
AF Bielefeld, Jannis
   Huterer, Dragan
   Linder, Eric V.
TI Cosmological leverage from the matter power spectrum in the presence of
   baryon and nonlinear effects
SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmological parameters from LSS; power spectrum; neutrino masses from
   cosmology
ID WEAK-LENSING SURVEYS; REDSHIFT SURVEYS; HALO MODEL; IMPACT
AB We investigate how the use of higher wavenumbers (smaller scales) in the galaxy clustering power spectrum influences cosmological constraints. We take into account uncertainties from nonlinear density fluctuations, (scale dependent) galaxy bias, and baryonic effects. Allowing for substantially model independent uncertainties through separate fit par ameters in each wavenumber bin that also allow for the redshift evolution, we quantify strong gains in dark energy and neutrino mass leverage with increasing maximum wavenumber,despite marginalizing over numerous (up to 125) extra fit parameters. The leverage is due to not only an increased number of modes but, more significantly, breaking of degeneracies beyond the linear regime.
C1 [Bielefeld, Jannis] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
   [Huterer, Dragan] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Linder, Eric V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Linder, Eric V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bielefeld, J (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA.
EM jannis.bielefeld@dartmouth.edu; huterer@umich.edu; evlinder@lbl.gov
FU DOE grant [DE-SC0010386, DE-FG02-95ER40899, DE-SC-0007867,
   DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [AST-0807564]; NASA
FX JB thanks LBNL for hospitality during part of this work. His work has
   been supported in part by the DOE grant DE-SC0010386 at Dartmouth. DH is
   supported by the DOE grant under contract DE-FG02-95ER40899 and NSF
   under contract AST-0807564. EL is supported in part by DOE grant
   DE-SC-0007867 and DE-AC02-05CH11231, and NASA.
NR 31
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1475-7516
J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P
JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 023
DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/023
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CJ9AN
UT WOS:000355794800023
ER

PT J
AU Grohs, E
   Fuller, GM
   Kishimoto, CT
   Paris, MW
AF Grohs, E.
   Fuller, George M.
   Kishimoto, Chad T.
   Paris, Mark W.
TI Probing neutrino physics with a self-consistent treatment of the weak
   decoupling, nucleosynthesis, and photon decoupling epochs
SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE cosmological parameters from CMBR; big bang nucleosynthesis;
   cosmological neutrinos; neutrino masses from cosmology
ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; HEAVY STERILE NEUTRINOS; PRIMORDIAL ABUNDANCE;
   HIGH TEMPERATURES; RECOMBINATION; UNIVERSE; ELEMENTS; SEARCH;
   ANISOTROPIES; OSCILLATIONS
AB We show that a self-consistent and coupled treatment of the weak decoupling, big bang nucleosynthesis, and photon decoupling epochs can be used to provide new insights and constraints on neutrino sector physics from high-precision measurements of light element abundances and Cosmic Microwave Background observables. Implications of beyond-standard-model physics in cosmology, especially within the neutrino sector, are assessed by comparing predictions against five observables: the baryon energy density, helium abundance, deuterium abundance, effective number of neutrinos, and sum of the light neutrino mass eigenstates. We give examples for constraints on dark radiation, neutrino rest mass, lepton numbers, and scenarios for light and heavy sterile neutrinos.
C1 [Grohs, E.; Kishimoto, Chad T.; Paris, Mark W.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Paris, Mark W.] Univ San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92110 USA.
   Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Nucl & Particle Phys Astrophys & Cosmol T2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Grohs, E (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM egrohs@physics.ucsd.edu; gfuller@ucsd.edu; ckishimo@physics.ucsd.edu;
   mparis@lanl.gov
OI Paris, Mark/0000-0003-0471-7896
FU NSF at UC San Diego [PHY-1307372]; Los Alamos National Laboratory
   Institute for Geophysics, Space Sciences and Signatures subcontracts;
   National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of
   Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We would like to acknowledge the Institutional Computing Program at Los
   Alamos National Laboratory for use of their HPC cluster resources. EG
   acknowledges the San Diego Supercomputer Center for their use of HPC
   resources and helpful technical support. This work was supported in part
   by NSF grant PHY-1307372 at UC San Diego, by the Los Alamos National
   Laboratory Institute for Geophysics, Space Sciences and Signatures
   subcontracts, and the National Nuclear Security Administration of the
   U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under
   Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We thank Lauren Gilbert, Jeremy Ariche,
   and J.J. Cherry for helpful discussions.
NR 84
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U1 1
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1475-7516
J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P
JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 017
DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/017
PG 30
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CJ9AN
UT WOS:000355794800017
ER

PT J
AU Ho, S
   Agarwal, N
   Myers, AD
   Lyons, R
   Disbrow, A
   Seo, HJ
   Ross, A
   Hirata, C
   Padmanabhan, N
   O'Connell, R
   Huff, E
   Schlegel, D
   Slosar, A
   Weinberg, D
   Strauss, M
   Ross, NP
   Schneider, DP
   Bahcall, N
   Brinkmann, J
   Palanque-Delabrouille, N
   Yeche, C
AF Ho, Shirley
   Agarwal, Nishant
   Myers, Adam D.
   Lyons, Richard
   Disbrow, Ashley
   Seo, Hee-Jong
   Ross, Ashley
   Hirata, Christopher
   Padmanabhan, Nikhil
   O'Connell, Ross
   Huff, Eric
   Schlegel, David
   Slosar, Anze
   Weinberg, David
   Strauss, Michael
   Ross, Nicholas P.
   Schneider, Donald P.
   Bahcall, Neta
   Brinkmann, J.
   Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
   Yeche, Christophe
TI Sloan Digital Sky Survey III photometric quasar clustering: probing the
   initial conditions of the Universe
SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE power spectrum; redshift surveys; inflation; cosmological parameters
   from LSS
ID OSCILLATION SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; PRIMORDIAL NON-GAUSSIANITY;
   MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; EXCURSION SET
   APPROACH; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; SDSS-III; POWER SPECTRUM; DATA RELEASE;
   CLASSIFIED QUASARS
AB The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has surveyed 14,555 square degrees of the sky, and delivered over a trillion pixels of imaging data. We present the large-scale clustering of 1.6 million quasars between z = 0 : 5 and z = 2 : 5 that have been classified from this imaging, representing the highest density of quasars ever studied for clustering measurements. This data set spans similar to 11; 000 square degrees and probes a volume of 80 h(-3) Gpc(3). In principle, such a large volume and medium density of tracers should facilitate high-precision cosmological constraints. We measure the angular clustering of photometrically classified quasars using an optimal quadratic estimator in four redshiftslices with an accuracy of similar to 25% over a bin width of delta(l) similar to 10 - 15 on scales corresponding to matter-radiation equality and larger (l similar to 2 30).
   Observational systematics can strongly bias clustering measurements on large scales, which can mimic cosmologically relevant signals such as deviations from Gaussianity in the spectrum of primordial perturbations. We account for systematics by employing a new method recently proposed by Agarwal et al. (2014) to the clustering of photometrically classified quasars. We carefully apply our methodology to mitigate known observational systematics and further remove angular bins that are contaminated by unknown systematics. Combining quasar data with the photometric luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample of Ross et al. (2011) and Ho et al. (2012), and marginalizing over all bias and shot noise-like parameters, we obtain a constraint on local primordial non-Gaussianity of f(NL) = 113(-154)(+154) (1 sigma error). We next assume that the bias of quasar and galaxy distributions can be obtained independently from quasar/galaxy-CMB lensing cross-correlation measurements (such as those in Sherwin et al. (2013)). This can be facilitated by spectroscopic observations of the sources, enabling the redshift distribution to be completely determined, and allowing precise estimates of the bias parameters. In this paper, if the bias and shot noise parameters are fixed to their known values (which we model by fixing them to their best-fit Gaussian values), we find that the error bar reduces to 1 sigma similar or equal to 65. We expect this error bar to reduce further by at least another factor of five if the data is free of any observational systematics. We therefore emphasize that in order to make best use of large scale structure data we need an accurate modeling of known systematics, a method to mitigate unknown systematics, and additionally independent theoretical models or observations to probe the bias of dark matter halos.
C1 [Ho, Shirley; Agarwal, Nishant; Lyons, Richard; Disbrow, Ashley; O'Connell, Ross] Carnegie Mellon Univ, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Myers, Adam D.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA.
   [Myers, Adam D.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Seo, Hee-Jong; Schlegel, David; Ross, Nicholas P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA.
   [Ross, Ashley] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England.
   [Hirata, Christopher; Huff, Eric; Weinberg, David] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Hirata, Christopher] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Padmanabhan, Nikhil] Yale Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   [Slosar, Anze] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11375 USA.
   [Strauss, Michael; Bahcall, Neta] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Ross, Nicholas P.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Schneider, Donald P.] Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Brinkmann, J.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA.
   [Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Yeche, Christophe] CEA, Ctr Saclay, Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.
RP Ho, S (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM shirleyh@andrew.cmu.edu
FU New Frontiers in Astronomy and Cosmology program at the John Templeton
   Foundation; RESCEU fellowship; Seaborg and Chamberlain Fellowship (via
   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory); McWilliams fellowship of the
   Bruce; Astrid McWilliams Center for Cosmology; NSF [1211112]; NASA ADAP
   award [NNX12AE38G]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science
   Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; University of
   Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory;
   University of Cambridge; Carnegie Mellon University; University of
   Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group;
   Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA
   Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley
   National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; New Mexico
   State University; New York University; Ohio State University;
   Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Princeton
   University; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University
   of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of
   Washington; Yale University
FX S. H. is partially supported by the New Frontiers in Astronomy and
   Cosmology program at the John Templeton Foundation and was partially
   supported by RESCEU fellowship, and the Seaborg and Chamberlain
   Fellowship (via Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) during the
   preparation of this manuscript. N. A. is supported by the McWilliams
   fellowship of the Bruce and Astrid McWilliams Center for Cosmology. A.
   D. M. is a research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of
   Germany and was partially supported through NSF Grant 1211112 and NASA
   ADAP award NNX12AE38G. N. A. and R. O. are both partially supported by
   the New Frontiers in Astronomy and Cosmology program at the John
   Templeton Foundation.; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the
   Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National
   Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science.
   The SDSS-III web site is http://www.sdss3.org/.SDSS-III is managed by
   the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions
   of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the
   Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
   University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of
   Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group,
   the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre
   Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence
   Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, New
   Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University,
   Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton
   University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo,
   University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia,
   University of Washington, and Yale University.
NR 146
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1475-7516
J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P
JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 040
DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/040
PG 36
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CJ9AN
UT WOS:000355794800040
ER

PT J
AU Lewandowski, M
   Perko, A
   Senatore, L
AF Lewandowski, Matthew
   Perko, Ashley
   Senatore, Leonardo
TI Analytic prediction of baryonic effects from the EFT of large scale
   structures
SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE power spectrum; cosmological parameters from LSS; dark matter theory
ID PERTURBATION-THEORY; FEEDBACK; SIMULATIONS; PHYSICS; MATTER
AB The large scale structures of the universe will likely be the next leading source of cosmological information. It is therefore crucial to understand their behavior. The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures provides a consistent way to perturbatively predict the clustering of dark matter at large distances. The fact that baryons move distances comparable to dark matter allows us to infer that baryons at large distances can be described in a similar formalism: the backreaction of short-distance non-linearities and of star-formation physics at long distances can be encapsulated in an effective stress tensor, characterized by a few parameters. The functional form of baryonic effects can therefore be predicted. In the power spectrum the leading contribution goes as alpha k(2)P(k), with P(k) being the linear power spectrum and with the numerical prefactor depending on the details of the star-formation physics. We also perform the resummation of the contribution of the long-wavelength displacements, allowing us to consistently predict the effect of the relative motion of baryons and dark matter. We compare our predictions with simulations that contain several implementations of baryonic physics, finding percent agreement up to relatively high wavenumbers such as k similar or equal to 0.3 hMpc(-1) or k similar or equal to 0.6 hMpc(-1), depending on the order of the calculation. Our results open a novel way to understand baryonic effects analytically, as well as to interface with simulations.
C1 [Lewandowski, Matthew; Perko, Ashley; Senatore, Leonardo] Stanford Univ, Stanford Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94306 USA.
   [Lewandowski, Matthew; Senatore, Leonardo] Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Lewandowski, Matthew; Senatore, Leonardo] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Lewandowski, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Inst Theoret Phys, Stanford, CA 94306 USA.
EM mattlew@stanford.edu; perko@stanford.edu; senatore@stanford.edu
FU NSF through the GRF program; Gabilan Stanford Graduate Fellowship; DOE
   Early Career Award [DE-FG02-12ER41854]; National Science Foundation
   [PHY-1068380]; Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP)
   of the DFG cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"
FX We are greatly indebted to T, Abel, J. Schaye and M. P. van Daalen for
   providing us with the data of their simulations. We thank T. Abel, S.
   Allen, S. Foreman H. Peiris, R. Sheth, D. Spergel, R. Teyssier, and M.
   Zaldarriaga for conversations, S. Foreman for sharing some of his
   Mathematica codes, and T. Abel, S. Allen, N. Arkani-Hamed, P.
   Creminelli, L. Dixon, H. Peiris, J. Polchinski, R. Rattazzi, N. Seiberg,
   R. Sheth, E. Silverstein, D. Spergel, R. Teyssier, R. Wechsler, M. Wise
   and M. Zaldarriaga for encouragement. M. L. acknowledges support from
   the NSF through the GRF program. A. P. is supported by the Gabilan
   Stanford Graduate Fellowship. L. S. is supported by by DOE Early Career
   Award DE-FG02-12ER41854 and the National Science Foundation under
   PHY-1068380. This research was supported by the Munich Institute for
   Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) of the DFG cluster of excellence
   "Origin and Structure of the Universe".
NR 37
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1475-7516
J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P
JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
IS 5
AR 019
DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2015/05/019
PG 35
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics
GA CJ9AN
UT WOS:000355794800019
ER

PT J
AU Liu, C
   Thompson, DG
AF Liu, C.
   Thompson, D. G.
TI Mechanical response and failure of High Performance Propellant (HPP)
   subject to uniaxial tension
SO MECHANICS OF TIME-DEPENDENT MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE High Performance Propellant (HPP); Uniaxial tension; Strain rate effect;
   Temperature effect; Failure; DIC
ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TEMPERATURE
AB As part of a program to characterize and understand the mechanical response and failure behavior of the High Performance Propellant (HPP), uniaxial tensile tests were conducted. The mechanical properties of the HPP solid propellant subject to tension are investigated as a function of both the loading (strain) rate and the temperature. The nominal strain rate varies from 10(-6) to 10(-2) s(-1) and the temperature varies from -50 to 50 degrees C. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to obtain the full field deformation measurement over the sample surface, from which both the axial strain and the circumferential strain were determined, and as a result, volume changes during the uniaxial tension were studied. Some of the material parameters, e.g., Young's modulus E, the tensile strength sigma(max), and uniaxial tensile strain at the maximum tensile stress epsilon(max), were found to be extremely sensitive to both the strain rate and the temperature. It was also observed that during the linear portion of the uniaxial tension, the HPP is close to incompressible. But when deformation enters the nonlinear regime, volume change of the sample accelerates and such a significant volume increase during the nonlinear portion of the deformation can be attributed to the formation and extension of damage within the gage section, which lead to the macroscopic tearing failure of the material.
C1 [Liu, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Thompson, D. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Experiments Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Liu, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM cliu@lanl.gov
FU DoD/DOE Joint Munitions Program; National Nuclear Security
   Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX This work was funded by the DoD/DOE Joint Munitions Program. This work
   benefited from many discussions with DoD researchers through the
   Technical Coordination Group 1 (TCG-1). Thanks are due to the TCG-1 DoD
   Leadership: K. Vanden (AFRL, Eglin), D. Carlucci (ARDEC, Picatinny) and
   C. Dyka (NSWC, Dahlgren), and to IM Initiative and US-UK PA Lead, S.
   Collignon (NSWC-Dahlgren and OSD). Finally, special thanks are due to J.
   Neidert (AMRDEC, Redstone Arsenal) as the primary DoD technical lead to
   this work. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal
   opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC,
   for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department
   of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 10
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 1385-2000
EI 1573-2738
J9 MECH TIME-DEPEND MAT
JI Mech. Time-Depend. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 19
IS 2
BP 95
EP 115
DI 10.1007/s11043-015-9254-z
PG 21
WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
SC Mechanics; Materials Science
GA CK2NH
UT WOS:000356047000001
ER

PT J
AU McCutchan, EA
AF McCutchan, E. A.
TI Nuclear Data Sheets for A=180
SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS
LA English
DT Article
ID ACTIVATION CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; GIANT-DIPOLE
   RESONANCE; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; INTERNAL-CONVERSION COEFFICIENTS; REDUCED
   TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; GROUND-STATE TRANSITIONS; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT
   RATIOS; YRAST-YRARE INTERACTION; GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY
AB Spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number A=180 have been evaluated, and the corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP McCutchan, EA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
FU Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science, US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-98CH10946]
FX Research sponsored by Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science, US
   Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-98CH10946.
NR 506
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 12
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0090-3752
EI 1095-9904
J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS
JI Nucl. Data Sheets
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 126
BP 151
EP 372
DI 10.1016/j.nds.2015.05.002
PG 222
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA CK1IV
UT WOS:000355961900002
ER

PT J
AU Chen, J
   Kondev, FG
AF Chen, J.
   Kondev, F. G.
TI Nuclear Data Sheets for A=209
SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS
LA English
DT Article
ID ISOBARIC ANALOG RESONANCES; INELASTIC PROTON-SCATTERING; CAPTURE
   GAMMA-RAYS; ION TRANSFER-REACTIONS; HIGH-SPIN ISOMERS; ELASTIC
   ELECTRON-SCATTERING; HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT; NEUTRON-DEFICIENT
   ISOTOPES; SINGLE-PARTICLE STRENGTHS; LINE ALPHA SPECTROSCOPY
AB The experimental data are evaluated for known nuclides of mass number A=209 (Au,Hg,TI,Pb,Bi,Po,At,Rn, Fr,Ra,Ac,Th). Detailed evaluated level properties and related nuclear structure information are presented, with the best values recommended for level energies, half lives, gamma-ray energies and intensities, decay data (energies, intensities and placement of radiations), and other spectroscopic data. This work supersedes the earlier full evaluation of A=209 by M.J. Martin (1991Ma16).
C1 [Chen, J.; Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Chen, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
OI Chen, Jun/0000-0003-0447-7466
FU Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work is supported by the Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of
   Science, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 492
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0090-3752
EI 1095-9904
J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS
JI Nucl. Data Sheets
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 126
BP 373
EP 546
DI 10.1016/j.nds.2015.05.003
PG 174
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA CK1IV
UT WOS:000355961900003
ER

PT J
AU Galloway, J
   Unal, C
   Carlson, N
   Porter, D
   Hayes, S
AF Galloway, J.
   Unal, C.
   Carlson, N.
   Porter, D.
   Hayes, S.
TI Modeling constituent redistribution in U-Pu-Zr metallic fuel using the
   advanced fuel performance code BISON
SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
ID FAST-REACTOR FUELS; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; IRRADIATION; VALIDATION; NP
AB An improved robust formulation for constituent distribution in metallic nuclear fuels is developed and implemented into the advanced fuel performance framework BISON. The coupled thermal diffusion equations are solved simultaneously to reanalyze the constituent redistribution in post irradiation data from fuel tests performed in Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II). Deficiencies observed in previously published formulation and numerical implementations are also improved. The present model corrects an inconsistency between the enthalpies of solution and the solubility limit curves of the phase diagram while also adding an artificial diffusion term when in the 2-phase regime that stabilizes the standard Galerkin finite element (FE) method used by BISON. An additional itnprovement is in the formulation of zirconium flux as it relates to the Soret term. With these new modifications, phase dependent diffusion coefficients are revaluated and compared with the previously recommended values.
   The model validation included testing against experimental data from fuel pins T179, DPI 6 and T459, irradiated in EBR-II. A series of viable material properties for U-Pu-Zr based materials was determined through a sensitivity study, which resulted in three cases with differing parameters that showed strong agreement with one set of experimental data, rod T179. Subsequently a full-scale simulation of T179 was performed to reduce uncertainties, particularly relating to the temperature boundary condition for the fuel. In addition a new thermal conductivity model combining all available data covering 0-100% zirconium concentration and a zirconium concentration dependent linear heat rate solution derived from Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulations were developed. An iterative calibration process was applied to obtain optimized diffusion coefficients for U-Pu-Zr metallic fuels. Optimized diffusion coefficients suggest relative improvements in comparison to previous reported values. The most influential or uncertain phase is found to be the gamma phase, followed by alpha phase, and thirdly the beta phase; indicating separate effect testing should concentrate on these phases. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Galloway, J.; Unal, C.; Carlson, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Porter, D.; Hayes, S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Unal, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop F606, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM cu@lanl.gov
RI Hayes, Steven/D-8373-2017
OI Hayes, Steven/0000-0002-7583-2069
NR 34
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0029-5493
J9 NUCL ENG DES
JI Nucl. Eng. Des.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 286
BP 1
EP 17
DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.01.014
PG 17
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CK3NY
UT WOS:000356124000001
ER

PT J
AU Kadioglu, SY
   Berry, RA
   Martineau, RC
AF Kadioglu, Samet Y.
   Berry, Ray A.
   Martineau, Richard C.
TI A point implicit time integration technique for slow transient flow
   problems
SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPLICIT METHODS; EQUATIONS
AB We introduce a point implicit time integration technique for slow transient flow problems. The method treats the solution variables of interest (that can be located at cell centers, cell edges, or cell nodes) implicitly and the rest of the information related to same or other variables are handled explicitly. The method does not require implicit iteration; instead it time advances the solutions in a similar spirit to explicit methods, except it involves a few additional function(s) evaluation steps. Moreover, the method is unconditionally stable, as a fully implicit method would be. This new approach exhibits the simplicity of implementation of explicit methods and the stability of implicit methods. It is specifically designed for slow transient flow problems of long duration wherein one would like to perform time integrations with very large time steps. Because the method can be time inaccurate for fast transient problems, particularly with larger time steps, an appropriate solution strategy for a problem that evolves from a fast to a slow transient would be to integrate the fast transient with an explicit or semi-implicit technique and then switch to this point implicit method as soon as the time variation slows sufficiently. We have solved several test problems that result from scalar or systems of flow equations. Our findings indicate the new method can integrate slow transient problems very efficiently; and its implementation is very robust. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kadioglu, Samet Y.] Yildiz Tekn Univ, Dept Engn Math, TR-34210 Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Berry, Ray A.; Martineau, Richard C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Berry, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM kadioglu@yildiz.edu.tr; ray.berry@inl.gov
FU U.S. Government [DEAC07-05ID14517]
FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S.
   Government under Contract No. DEAC07-05ID14517. Accordingly, the U.S.
   Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or
   reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do
   so, for U.S. Government purposes.
NR 23
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0029-5493
J9 NUCL ENG DES
JI Nucl. Eng. Des.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 286
BP 130
EP 138
DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.02.002
PG 9
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CK3NY
UT WOS:000356124000013
ER

PT J
AU Leander, R
   Lenhart, S
   Protopopescu, V
AF Leander, Rachel
   Lenhart, Suzanne
   Protopopescu, Vladimir
TI Controlling synchrony in a network of Kuramoto oscillators with
   time-varying coupling
SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
LA English
DT Article
DE Synchrony; Time-varying coupling; Kuramoto oscillators
AB The Kuramoto model describes the synchronization of a heterogeneous population of oscillators through a stationary homogeneous network in which oscillators are coupled via their phase differences. Recently, there has been interest in studying synchronization on time-varying networks, and time-varying generalizations of the Kuramoto network, in particular. Previous results indicate that networks with fast dynamics may be as efficient as static networks at promoting synchrony. In this paper we use optimal control theory to study synchronization on a time-varying Kuramoto network. Our results indicate that time-varying networks can be more efficient than static networks at promoting synchrony and show that fast network dynamics are not necessary for efficiency. In particular, we show that, near the synchronization threshold, time-varying networks can promote synchrony through slow oscillations that lengthen the duration of high synchrony states and shorten the duration of low synchrony states. Interestingly, repulsion is an essential feature of these optimal dynamic networks. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Leander, Rachel] Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA.
   [Lenhart, Suzanne] Univ Tennessee, Dept Math, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Protopopescu, Vladimir] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Leander, R (reprint author), Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA.
EM rachel.leander@mtsu.edu; lenhart@utk.edu; protopopesva@ornl.gov
FU National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; National
   Science Foundation; US Department of Homeland Security; US Department of
   Agriculture through NSF [EF-0832858]; University of Tennessee;
   University of Tennessee Center for Business and Economic Research;
   UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy [DE-ACO5-000R22725]
FX The work of Lenhart and Leander was partially supported by the National
   Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, sponsored by the
   National Science Foundation, the US Department of Homeland Security, and
   the US Department of Agriculture through NSF Award EF-0832858. Lenhart's
   work receives additional support from The University of Tennessee.
   Lenhart is also partially supported by the University of Tennessee
   Center for Business and Economic Research. The Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of
   Energy under contract DE-ACO5-000R22725.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-2789
EI 1872-8022
J9 PHYSICA D
JI Physica D
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 301
BP 36
EP 47
DI 10.1016/j.physd.2015.03.003
PG 12
WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical
SC Mathematics; Physics
GA CK3MR
UT WOS:000356120700004
ER

PT J
AU Baker, KL
   Robey, HF
   Milovich, JL
   Jones, OS
   Smalyuk, VA
   Casey, DT
   MacPhee, AG
   Pak, A
   Celliers, PM
   Clark, DS
   Landen, OL
   Peterson, JL
   Berzak-Hopkins, LF
   Weber, CR
   Haan, SW
   Doppner, TD
   Dixit, S
   Giraldez, E
   Hamza, AV
   Jancaitis, KS
   Kroll, JJ
   Lafortune, KN
   MacGowan, BJ
   Moody, JD
   Nikroo, A
   Widmayer, CC
AF Baker, K. L.
   Robey, H. F.
   Milovich, J. L.
   Jones, O. S.
   Smalyuk, V. A.
   Casey, D. T.
   MacPhee, A. G.
   Pak, A.
   Celliers, P. M.
   Clark, D. S.
   Landen, O. L.
   Peterson, J. L.
   Berzak-Hopkins, L. F.
   Weber, C. R.
   Haan, S. W.
   Doeppner, T. D.
   Dixit, S.
   Giraldez, E.
   Hamza, A. V.
   Jancaitis, K. S.
   Kroll, J. J.
   Lafortune, K. N.
   MacGowan, B. J.
   Moody, J. D.
   Nikroo, A.
   Widmayer, C. C.
TI Adiabat-shaping in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; SHOCK; INSTABILITY; IMPLOSIONS; GAIN
AB Adiabat-shaping techniques were investigated in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion experiments on the National Ignition Facility as a means to improve implosion stability, while still maintaining a low adiabat in the fuel. Adiabat-shaping was accomplished in these indirect drive experiments by altering the ratio of the picket and trough energies in the laser pulse shape, thus driving a decaying first shock in the ablator. This decaying first shock is designed to place the ablation front on a high adiabat while keeping the fuel on a low adiabat. These experiments were conducted using the keyhole experimental platform for both three and four shock laser pulses. This platform enabled direct measurement of the shock velocities driven in the glow-discharge polymer capsule and in the liquid deuterium, the surrogate fuel for a DT ignition target. The measured shock velocities and radiation drive histories are compared to previous three and four shock laser pulses. This comparison indicates that in the case of adiabat shaping the ablation front initially drives a high shock velocity, and therefore, a high shock pressure and adiabat. The shock then decays as it travels through the ablator to pressures similar to the original low-adiabat pulses when it reaches the fuel. This approach takes advantage of initial high ablation velocity, which favors stability, and high-compression, which favors high stagnation pressures. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Baker, K. L.; Robey, H. F.; Milovich, J. L.; Jones, O. S.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Casey, D. T.; MacPhee, A. G.; Pak, A.; Celliers, P. M.; Clark, D. S.; Landen, O. L.; Peterson, J. L.; Berzak-Hopkins, L. F.; Weber, C. R.; Haan, S. W.; Doeppner, T. D.; Dixit, S.; Hamza, A. V.; Jancaitis, K. S.; Kroll, J. J.; Lafortune, K. N.; MacGowan, B. J.; Moody, J. D.; Widmayer, C. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Giraldez, E.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 95121 USA.
RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX We thank K. S. Raman and M. Tabak for useful discussions and K. S. Raman
   for a careful reading of the manuscript. This work was performed under
   the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL under Contract No.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 37
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 052702
DI 10.1063/1.4919694
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300043
ER

PT J
AU Berger, RL
   Brunner, S
   Banks, JW
   Cohen, BI
   Winjum, BJ
AF Berger, R. L.
   Brunner, S.
   Banks, J. W.
   Cohen, B. I.
   Winjum, B. J.
TI Multi-dimensional Vlasov simulations and modeling of
   trapped-electron-driven filamentation of electron plasma waves
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID INSTABILITY
AB Kinetic simulations of two-dimensional finite-amplitude electron plasma waves are performed in a one-wavelength long system. A systematic study of the most unstable linear sideband mode, in particular its growth rate gamma and wavenumber k(y), is carried out by scanning the amplitude and wavenumber of the initial wave. Simulation results are compared with numerical and analytical solutions to a two-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger model [H. A. Rose and L. Yin, Phys. Plasmas 15, 042311 (2008)] and to the reduced model by Kruer et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 838 (1969)] generalized to two dimensions. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Berger, R. L.; Cohen, B. I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Brunner, S.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CRPP PPB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Banks, J. W.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Math Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA.
   [Winjum, B. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Berger, RL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM berger5@llnl.gov; stephan.brunner@epfl.ch
RI Banks, Jeffrey/A-9718-2012; Brunner, Stephan/B-6200-2009
OI Brunner, Stephan/0000-0001-7588-7476
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07A27344]; Laboratory Research and Development Program at LLL
   [12-ERD-061]; DOE [DE-NA0001833, DE-FC02-04ER54789]
FX We are pleased to acknowledge valuable discussions with T. Chapman, I.
   Dodin, D. Pesme, W. Rozmus, and L. Yin. This work was performed under
   the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore
   National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07A27344 and funded by
   the Laboratory Research and Development Program at LLL under project
   tracking code 12-ERD-061. Computing support for this work came from the
   Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLL) Institutional Computing
   Grand Challenge program. B. J. Winjum acknowledges support from DOE
   under Grant Nos. DE-NA0001833 and DE-FC02-04ER54789.
NR 15
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 055703
DI 10.1063/1.4917482
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300098
ER

PT J
AU Betti, R
   Davidson, RC
AF Betti, Riccardo
   Davidson, Ronald C.
TI Foreword to Special Issue: Papers from the 56th Annual Meeting of the
   APS Division of Plasma Physics, October 27-31, 2014, New Orleans,
   Louisiana, USA
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Betti, Riccardo] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
   [Davidson, Ronald C.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Betti, R (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
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U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 055301
DI 10.1063/1.4920954
PG 2
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300093
ER

PT J
AU Bott-Suzuki, SC
   Bendixsen, LSC
   Cordaro, SW
   Blesener, IC
   Hoyt, CL
   Cahill, AD
   Kusse, BR
   Hammer, DA
   Gourdain, PA
   Seyler, CE
   Greenly, JB
   Chittenden, JP
   Niasse, N
   Lebedev, SV
   Ampleford, DJ
AF Bott-Suzuki, S. C.
   Bendixsen, L. S. Caballero
   Cordaro, S. W.
   Blesener, I. C.
   Hoyt, C. L.
   Cahill, A. D.
   Kusse, B. R.
   Hammer, D. A.
   Gourdain, P. A.
   Seyler, C. E.
   Greenly, J. B.
   Chittenden, J. P.
   Niasse, N.
   Lebedev, S. V.
   Ampleford, D. J.
TI Investigation of radiative bow-shocks in magnetically accelerated plasma
   flows
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ARRAY Z-PINCHES; WIRE; IMPLOSION; EVOLUTION; ABLATION; DYNAMICS; WAVES;
   GAS
AB We present a study of the formation of bow shocks in radiatively cooled plasma flows. This work uses an inverse wire array to provide a quasi-uniform, large scale hydrodynamic flow accelerated by Lorentz forces to supersonic velocities. This flow impacts a stationary object placed in its path, forming a well-defined Mach cone. Interferogram data are used to determine a Mach number of similar to 6, which may increase with radial position suggesting a strongly cooling flow. Self-emission imaging shows the formation of a thin (< 60 mu m) strongly emitting shock region, where T-e similar to 40-50 eV, and rapid cooling behind the shock. Emission is observed upstream of the shock position which appears consistent with a radiation driven phenomenon. Data are compared to 2-dimensional simulations using the Gorgon MHD code, which show good agreement with the experiments. The simulations are also used to investigate the effect of magnetic field in the target, demonstrating that the bow-shocks have a high plasma beta, and the influence of B-field at the shock is small. This consistent with experimental measurement with micro bdot probes. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Bott-Suzuki, S. C.; Bendixsen, L. S. Caballero; Cordaro, S. W.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Blesener, I. C.; Hoyt, C. L.; Cahill, A. D.; Kusse, B. R.; Hammer, D. A.; Gourdain, P. A.; Seyler, C. E.; Greenly, J. B.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA.
   [Chittenden, J. P.; Niasse, N.; Lebedev, S. V.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England.
   [Ampleford, D. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Bott-Suzuki, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
EM sbottsuzuki@ucsd.edu
FU Department of Energy [DE-SC0006958]; NNSA Stockpile Stewardship Academic
   Alliance program through DOE [DE-NA0001836]
FX This work was funded through Department of Energy Contract No.
   DE-SC0006958, and work at Cornell University was supported under the
   NNSA Stockpile Stewardship Academic Alliance program through DOE
   Cooperative Agreement No. DE-NA0001836. The authors gratefully
   acknowledge the help of Todd Blanchard and Harry Wilhelm during the
   experiments.
NR 43
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U1 4
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 052710
DI 10.1063/1.4921735
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300051
ER

PT J
AU Burin, MJ
   Simmons, GG
   Ceja, HG
   Zweben, SJ
   Nagy, A
   Brunkhorst, C
AF Burin, M. J.
   Simmons, G. G.
   Ceja, H. G.
   Zweben, S. J.
   Nagy, A.
   Brunkhorst, C.
TI On filament structure and propagation within a commercial plasma globe
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES; DISPLAY PANEL; ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN;
   ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; NEON; MIXTURES; XENON; COEFFICIENTS; TRANSITION;
   TOWNSEND
AB The filamentary discharge seen within commercial plasma globes is commonly enjoyed yet not well understood. Here, we investigate the discharge properties of a plasma globe using a variable high voltage amplifier. We find that increasing voltage magnitude increases the number of filaments while leaving their individual structure basically unchanged, a result typical of dielectric barrier discharges. The frequency of the voltage also affects filament population but more significantly changes filament structure, with more diffuse filaments seen at lower frequencies. Voltage polarity is observed to be important, especially at lower frequencies, where for negative-gradient voltages the discharge is more diffuse, not filamentary. At late stages of the discharge circular structures appear and expand on the glass boundaries. We find no trend of discharge speed with respect to voltage variables, though this may be due to manufacturer sample-to-sample variation. Each voltage cycle the discharge expands outward at similar to 10-15 km/s, a speed significantly higher than the estimated electron drift yet considerably lower than that observed for most streamers. We discuss the physics of these observations and their relation to similar discharges that can be found within nature and industry. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Burin, M. J.; Simmons, G. G.; Ceja, H. G.] CSU San Marcos, Dept Phys, San Marcos, CA 92078 USA.
   [Zweben, S. J.; Nagy, A.; Brunkhorst, C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Burin, MJ (reprint author), CSU San Marcos, Dept Phys, 333 S Twin Oaks Valley Rd, San Marcos, CA 92078 USA.
OI Simmons, Gary/0000-0003-2876-3432
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0006876]; PPPL Off-Site University
   Research (OSUR) Program [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This work has been possible due to U.S. Department of Energy Contract
   No. DE-SC0006876 and the PPPL Off-Site University Research (OSUR)
   Program (DE-AC02-09CH11466) directed by Dr. Phil Efthimion. The authors
   thank the following students: Mr. Scott Vasquez (PPPL), Ms. Lydia
   Saucedo (CSUSM), and Mr. Ryan Hernandez (CSU Pomona). We also would like
   to thank Dr. Michael Campanell, Dr. Andrew Zwicker, and Dr. Mikhail
   Shneider, as well as an anonymous reviewer, for helpful commentary.
NR 53
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U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 053509
DI 10.1063/1.4919939
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300079
ER

PT J
AU Callahan, DA
   Hurricane, OA
   Hinkel, DE
   Doppner, T
   Ma, T
   Park, HS
   Garcia, MAB
   Hopkins, LFB
   Casey, DT
   Cerjan, CJ
   Dewald, EL
   Dittrich, TR
   Edwards, MJ
   Haan, SW
   Hamza, AV
   Kline, JL
   Knauer, JP
   Kritcher, AL
   Landen, OL
   LePape, S
   MacPhee, AG
   Milovich, JL
   Nikroo, A
   Pak, AE
   Patel, PK
   Rygg, JR
   Ralph, JE
   Salmonson, JD
   Spears, BK
   Springer, PT
   Tommasini, R
   Benedetti, LR
   Bionta, RM
   Bond, EJ
   Bradley, DK
   Caggiano, JA
   Field, JE
   Fittinghoff, DN
   Frenje, J
   Johnson, MG
   Grim, GP
   Hatarik, R
   Merrill, FE
   Nagel, SR
   Izumi, N
   Khan, SF
   Town, RPJ
   Sayre, DB
   Volegov, P
   Wilde, CH
AF Callahan, D. A.
   Hurricane, O. A.
   Hinkel, D. E.
   Doeppner, T.
   Ma, T.
   Park, H. -S.
   Garcia, M. A. Barrios
   Hopkins, L. F. Berzak
   Casey, D. T.
   Cerjan, C. J.
   Dewald, E. L.
   Dittrich, T. R.
   Edwards, M. J.
   Haan, S. W.
   Hamza, A. V.
   Kline, J. L.
   Knauer, J. P.
   Kritcher, A. L.
   Landen, O. L.
   LePape, S.
   MacPhee, A. G.
   Milovich, J. L.
   Nikroo, A.
   Pak, A. E.
   Patel, P. K.
   Rygg, J. R.
   Ralph, J. E.
   Salmonson, J. D.
   Spears, B. K.
   Springer, P. T.
   Tommasini, R.
   Benedetti, L. R.
   Bionta, R. M.
   Bond, E. J.
   Bradley, D. K.
   Caggiano, J. A.
   Field, J. E.
   Fittinghoff, D. N.
   Frenje, J.
   Johnson, M. Gatu
   Grim, G. P.
   Hatarik, R.
   Merrill, F. E.
   Nagel, S. R.
   Izumi, N.
   Khan, S. F.
   Town, R. P. J.
   Sayre, D. B.
   Volegov, P.
   Wilde, C. H.
TI Higher velocity, high-foot implosions on the National Ignition Facility
   laser
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
AB By increasing the velocity in "high foot" implosions [Dittrich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 055002 (2014); Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 055001 (2014); Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014); Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056314 (2014)] on the National Ignition Facility laser, we have nearly doubled the neutron yield and the hotspot pressure as compared to the implosions reported upon last year. The implosion velocity has been increased using a combination of the laser (higher power and energy), the hohlraum (depleted uranium wall material with higher opacity and lower specific heat than gold hohlraums), and the capsule (thinner capsules with less mass). We find that the neutron yield from these experiments scales systematically with a velocity-like parameter of the square root of the laser energy divided by the ablator mass. By connecting this parameter with the inferred implosion velocity (nu), we find that for shots with primary yield >1 x 10(15) neutrons, the total yield similar to nu(9.4). This increase is considerably faster than the expected dependence for implosions without alpha heating (similar to nu(5.9)) and is additional evidence that these experiments have significant alpha heating. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.; Hinkel, D. E.; Doeppner, T.; Ma, T.; Park, H. -S.; Garcia, M. A. Barrios; Hopkins, L. F. Berzak; Casey, D. T.; Cerjan, C. J.; Dewald, E. L.; Dittrich, T. R.; Edwards, M. J.; Haan, S. W.; Hamza, A. V.; Kritcher, A. L.; Landen, O. L.; LePape, S.; MacPhee, A. G.; Milovich, J. L.; Pak, A. E.; Patel, P. K.; Rygg, J. R.; Ralph, J. E.; Salmonson, J. D.; Spears, B. K.; Springer, P. T.; Tommasini, R.; Benedetti, L. R.; Bionta, R. M.; Bond, E. J.; Bradley, D. K.; Caggiano, J. A.; Field, J. E.; Fittinghoff, D. N.; Hatarik, R.; Nagel, S. R.; Izumi, N.; Khan, S. F.; Town, R. P. J.; Sayre, D. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Kline, J. L.; Grim, G. P.; Merrill, F. E.; Volegov, P.; Wilde, C. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Knauer, J. P.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
   [Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
   [Frenje, J.; Johnson, M. Gatu] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Callahan, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RI lepape, sebastien/J-3010-2015; IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Patel,
   Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009
OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini,
   Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
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PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056314
DI 10.1063/1.4921144
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300139
ER

PT J
AU Casner, A
   Masse, L
   Liberatore, S
   Loiseau, P
   Masson-Laborde, PE
   Jacquet, L
   Martinez, D
   Moore, AS
   Seugling, R
   Felker, S
   Haan, SW
   Remington, BA
   Smalyuk, VA
   Farrell, M
   Giraldez, E
   Nikroo, A
AF Casner, A.
   Masse, L.
   Liberatore, S.
   Loiseau, P.
   Masson-Laborde, P. E.
   Jacquet, L.
   Martinez, D.
   Moore, A. S.
   Seugling, R.
   Felker, S.
   Haan, S. W.
   Remington, B. A.
   Smalyuk, V. A.
   Farrell, M.
   Giraldez, E.
   Nikroo, A.
TI Probing the deep nonlinear stage of the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor
   instability in indirect drive experiments on the National Ignition
   Facility
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RICHTMYER-MESHKOV; SCALING LAWS;
   GROWTH-RATE; EVOLUTION; IMPLOSION; DEPENDENCE; DESIGN; FLAMES; MODEL
AB Academic tests in physical regimes not encountered in Inertial Confinement Fusion will help to build a better understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities and constitute the scientifically grounded validation complementary to fully integrated experiments. Under the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Discovery Science program, recent indirect drive experiments have been carried out to study the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (RTI) in transition from weakly nonlinear to highly nonlinear regime [A. Casner et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 082708 (2012)]. In these experiments, a modulated package is accelerated by a 175 eV radiative temperature plateau created by a room temperature gas-filled platform irradiated by 60 NIF laser beams. The unique capabilities of the NIF are harnessed to accelerate this planar sample over much larger distances (similar or equal to 1.4mm) and longer time periods (similar or equal to 12 ns) than previously achieved. This extended acceleration could eventually allow entering into a turbulent-like regime not precluded by the theory for the RTI at the ablation front. Simultaneous measurements of the foil trajectory and the subsequent RTI growth are performed and compared with radiative hydrodynamics simulations. We present RTI growth measurements for two-dimensional single-mode and broadband multimode modulations. The dependence of RTI growth on initial conditions and ablative stabilization is emphasized, and we demonstrate for the first time in indirect-drive a bubble-competition, bubble-merger regime for the RTI at ablation front. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Casner, A.; Masse, L.; Liberatore, S.; Loiseau, P.; Masson-Laborde, P. E.; Jacquet, L.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
   [Martinez, D.; Moore, A. S.; Seugling, R.; Felker, S.; Haan, S. W.; Remington, B. A.; Smalyuk, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Farrell, M.; Giraldez, E.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
RP Casner, A (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
EM alexis.casner@cea.fr
RI Masse, Laurent/F-1476-2016; CASNER, Alexis/B-7458-2014; 
OI CASNER, Alexis/0000-0003-2176-1389; Masson-Laborde,
   Paul-Edouard/0000-0003-2786-9382
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PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056302
DI 10.1063/1.4918356
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300127
ER

PT J
AU Chen, H
   Link, A
   Sentoku, Y
   Audebert, P
   Fiuza, F
   Hazi, A
   Heeter, RF
   Hill, M
   Hobbs, L
   Kemp, AJ
   Kemp, GE
   Kerr, S
   Meyerhofer, DD
   Myatt, J
   Nagel, SR
   Park, J
   Tommasini, R
   Williams, GJ
AF Chen, Hui
   Link, A.
   Sentoku, Y.
   Audebert, P.
   Fiuza, F.
   Hazi, A.
   Heeter, R. F.
   Hill, M.
   Hobbs, L.
   Kemp, A. J.
   Kemp, G. E.
   Kerr, S.
   Meyerhofer, D. D.
   Myatt, J.
   Nagel, S. R.
   Park, J.
   Tommasini, R.
   Williams, G. J.
TI The scaling of electron and positron generation in intense laser-solid
   interactions
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; PLASMA; CONDENSATION; TECHNOLOGY; TRANSPORT; DRIVEN;
   PULSES; PAIR
AB This paper presents experimental scalings of the electrons and positrons produced by intense laser-target interactions at relativistic laser intensities (10(18) -10(20) W cm(-2)). The data were acquired from three short-pulse laser facilities with laser energies ranging from 80 to 1500 J. We found a non-linear (approximate to E-L(2)) scaling of positron yield [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 215001 (2015)] and a linear scaling of electron yield with the laser energy. These scalings are explained by theoretical and numerical analyses. Positron acceleration by the target sheath field is confirmed by the positron energy spectrum, which has a pronounced peak at energies near the sheath potential, as determined by the observed maximum energies of accelerated protons. The parameters of laser-produced electron-positron jets are summarized together with the theoretical energy scaling. The measured energy-squared scaling of relativistic electron-positron jets indicates the possibility to create an astrophysically relevant experimental platform with such jets using multi-kilojoule high intensity lasers currently under construction. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Chen, Hui; Link, A.; Fiuza, F.; Hazi, A.; Heeter, R. F.; Kemp, A. J.; Kemp, G. E.; Nagel, S. R.; Park, J.; Tommasini, R.; Williams, G. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Sentoku, Y.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
   [Audebert, P.] UPMC, CEA, CNRS, LULI,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.
   [Hill, M.; Hobbs, L.] AWE Plc, Directorate Sci & Technol, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England.
   [Kerr, S.] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
   [Meyerhofer, D. D.; Myatt, J.] Univ Rochester, LLE, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
RP Chen, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RI Sentoku, Yasuhiko/P-5419-2014; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009; 
OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; Kerr, Shaun/0000-0003-4822-564X
FU U.S. DOE by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LDRD program [12-ERD-062]
FX We acknowledge the support of the Omega EP, Titan, and Orion laser
   facilities for the experiments. H.C. thanks Peter Beiersdorfer, Bob
   Cauble, Marilyn Schneider, Henry Shaw, and Bill Goldstein for
   encouragement and support. H.C. also thanks Laurent Divol and Nino
   Landen for discussion. This work was performed under the auspices of the
   U.S. DOE by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and partially
   funded by the LDRD (12-ERD-062) program.
NR 50
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PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056705
DI 10.1063/1.4921147
PG 14
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300150
ER

PT J
AU Churchill, RM
   Theiler, C
   Lipschultz, B
   Hutchinson, IH
   Reinke, ML
   Whyte, D
   Hughes, JW
   Catto, P
   Landreman, M
   Ernst, D
   Chang, CS
   Hager, R
   Hubbard, A
   Ennever, P
   Walk, JR
AF Churchill, R. M.
   Theiler, C.
   Lipschultz, B.
   Hutchinson, I. H.
   Reinke, M. L.
   Whyte, D.
   Hughes, J. W.
   Catto, P.
   Landreman, M.
   Ernst, D.
   Chang, C. S.
   Hager, R.
   Hubbard, A.
   Ennever, P.
   Walk, J. R.
CA Alcator C-Mod Team
TI Poloidal asymmetries in edge transport barriers
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID ALCATOR C-MOD; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; IMPURITY TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK
   PLASMAS; ASDEX UPGRADE; CONFINEMENT; PEDESTAL; REGION
AB Measurements of impurities in Alcator C-Mod indicate that in the pedestal region, significant poloidal asymmetries can exist in the impurity density, ion temperature, and main ion density. In light of the observation that ion temperature and electrostatic potential are not constant on a flux surface [Theiler et al., Nucl. Fusion 54, 083017 (2014)], a technique based on total pressure conservation to align profiles measured at separate poloidal locations is presented and applied. Gyrokinetic neoclassical simulations with XGCa support the observed large poloidal variations in ion temperature and density, and that the total pressure is approximately constant on a flux surface. With the updated alignment technique, the observed in-out asymmetry in impurity density is reduced from previous publishing [Churchill et al., Nucl. Fusion 53, 122002 (2013)], but remains substantial (n(z,H)/n(z,L) similar to 6). Candidate asymmetry drivers are explored, showing that neither non-uniform impurity sources nor localized fluctuation-driven transport are able to explain satisfactorily the impurity density asymmetry. Since impurity density asymmetries are only present in plasmas with strong electron density gradients, and radial transport timescales become comparable to parallel transport timescales in the pedestal region, it is suggested that global transport effects relating to the strong electron density gradients in the pedestal are the main driver for the pedestal in-out impurity density asymmetry. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Churchill, R. M.; Theiler, C.; Lipschultz, B.; Hutchinson, I. H.; Reinke, M. L.; Whyte, D.; Hughes, J. W.; Catto, P.; Landreman, M.; Ernst, D.; Hubbard, A.; Ennever, P.; Walk, J. R.; Alcator C-Mod Team] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Churchill, R. M.; Chang, C. S.; Hager, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Theiler, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Lipschultz, B.; Reinke, M. L.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Landreman, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
RP Churchill, RM (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM rchurchi@pppl.gov
RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016; Landreman,
   Matt/C-7684-2017; 
OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Landreman,
   Matt/0000-0002-7233-577X; Theiler, Christian/0000-0003-3926-1374; Hager,
   Robert/0000-0002-4624-3150
FU U.S. DOE [DE-FC02-99ER54512]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF);
   U.S. DOE Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-FG02-06ER54845,
   DE-FG02-86ER53223]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research
   [DE-FG02-06ER54845];  [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Cooperative Agreement No.
   DE-FC02-99ER54512. C. Theiler was also supported by the Swiss National
   Science Foundation (SNSF). XGCa simulations were made possible by SciDAC
   grants jointly between the U.S. DOE Office of Fusion Energy Science and
   the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under
   DE-FG02-06ER54845, by a grant from the U.S. DOE Office of Fusion Energy
   Science under DE-FG02-86ER53223, and by a contract under
   DE-AC02-09CH11466.
NR 42
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056104
DI 10.1063/1.4918353
PG 14
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300111
ER

PT J
AU Clark, DS
   Robey, HF
   Smalyuk, VA
AF Clark, D. S.
   Robey, H. F.
   Smalyuk, V. A.
TI A strategy for reducing stagnation phase hydrodynamic instability growth
   in inertial confinement fusion implosions
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY;
   DECELERATION-PHASE; TARGETS; SHOCK; DESIGN; FLUIDS
AB Encouraging progress is being made in demonstrating control of ablation front hydrodynamic instability growth in inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility [E. I. Moses, R. N. Boyd, B. A. Remington, C. J. Keane, and R. Al-Ayat, Phys. Plasmas 16, 041006 (2009)]. Even once ablation front stabilities are controlled, however, instability during the stagnation phase of the implosion can still quench ignition. A scheme is proposed to reduce the growth of stagnation phase instabilities through the reverse of the "adiabat shaping" mechanism proposed to control ablation front growth. Two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations confirm that improved stagnation phase stability should be possible without compromising fuel compression. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Clark, D. S.; Robey, H. F.; Smalyuk, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 40
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 052705
DI 10.1063/1.4921134
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300046
ER

PT J
AU Delgado-Aparicio, L
   Sugiyama, L
   Shiraiwa, S
   Irby, J
   Granetz, R
   Parker, R
   Baek, SG
   Faust, I
   Wallace, G
   Gates, DA
   Gorelenkov, N
   Mumgaard, R
   Scott, S
   Bertelli, N
   Gao, C
   Greenwald, M
   Hubbard, A
   Hughes, J
   Marmar, E
   Phillips, PE
   Rice, JE
   Rowan, WL
   Wilson, R
   Wolfe, S
   Wukitch, S
AF Delgado-Aparicio, L.
   Sugiyama, L.
   Shiraiwa, S.
   Irby, J.
   Granetz, R.
   Parker, R.
   Baek, S. G.
   Faust, I.
   Wallace, G.
   Gates, D. A.
   Gorelenkov, N.
   Mumgaard, R.
   Scott, S.
   Bertelli, N.
   Gao, C.
   Greenwald, M.
   Hubbard, A.
   Hughes, J.
   Marmar, E.
   Phillips, P. E.
   Rice, J. E.
   Rowan, W. L.
   Wilson, R.
   Wolfe, S.
   Wukitch, S.
TI Non-resonant destabilization of (1/1) internal kink mode by suprathermal
   electron pressure
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALCATOR C-MOD; CYCLOTRON EMISSION; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; CURRENT DRIVE;
   TOKAMAK; INSTABILITY; PLASMAS
AB New experimental observations are reported on the structure and dynamics of short-lived periodic (1, 1) "fishbone"-like oscillations that appear during radio frequency heating and current-drive experiments in tokamak plasmas. For the first time, measurements can directly relate changes in the high energy electrons to the mode onset, saturation, and damping. In the relatively high collisionality of Alcator C-Mod with lower hybrid current drive, the instability appears to be destabilized by the non-resonant suprathermal electron pressure-rather than by wave-particle resonance, rotates toroidally with the plasma and grows independently of the (1, 1) sawtooth crash driven by the thermal plasma pressure. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Gates, D. A.; Gorelenkov, N.; Scott, S.; Bertelli, N.; Wilson, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Sugiyama, L.] MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Shiraiwa, S.; Irby, J.; Granetz, R.; Parker, R.; Baek, S. G.; Faust, I.; Wallace, G.; Mumgaard, R.; Gao, C.; Greenwald, M.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J.; Marmar, E.; Rice, J. E.; Wolfe, S.; Wukitch, S.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Phillips, P. E.; Rowan, W. L.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
RP Delgado-Aparicio, L (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
FU U.S. DoE [DE-FC02-99ER54512, DE-SC0007883, DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This work was performed under U.S. DoE Contracts including
   DE-FC02-99ER54512 and DE-SC0007883 at MIT and DE-AC02-09CH11466 at PPPL.
NR 44
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PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 050701
DI 10.1063/1.4919964
PG 5
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300001
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PT J
AU Diallo, A
   Groebner, RJ
   Rhodes, TL
   Battaglia, DJ
   Smith, DR
   Osborne, TH
   Canik, JM
   Guttenfelder, W
   Snyder, PB
AF Diallo, A.
   Groebner, R. J.
   Rhodes, T. L.
   Battaglia, D. J.
   Smith, D. R.
   Osborne, T. H.
   Canik, J. M.
   Guttenfelder, W.
   Snyder, P. B.
TI Correlations between quasi-coherent fluctuations and the pedestal
   evolution during the inter-edge localized modes phase on DIII-D
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID TRANSPORT; REFLECTOMETRY; JET
AB Direct measurements of the pedestal recovery during an edge-localized mode cycle provide evidence that quasi-coherent fluctuations (QCFs) play a role in the inter-ELM pedestal dynamics. Using fast Thomson scattering measurements, the pedestal density and temperature evolutions are probed on sub-millisecond time scales to show a fast recovery of the density gradient compared to the temperature gradient. The temperature gradient appears to provide a drive for the onset of quasi-coherent fluctuations (as measured with the magnetic probe and the density diagnostics) localized in the pedestal. The amplitude evolution of these QCFs tracks the temperature gradient evolution including its saturation. Such correlation suggests that these QCFs play a key role in limiting the pedestal temperature gradient. The saturation of the QCFs coincides with the pressure gradient reaching the kinetic-ballooning mode (KBM) critical gradient as predicted by EPED1. Furthermore, linear microinstability analysis using GS2 indicates that the steep gradient is near the KBM threshold. Thus, the modeling and the observations together suggest that QCFs are consistent with dominant KBMs, although microtearing cannot be excluded as subdominant. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Diallo, A.; Battaglia, D. J.; Guttenfelder, W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Groebner, R. J.; Osborne, T. H.; Snyder, P. B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Rhodes, T. L.] Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Smith, D. R.] Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Canik, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Diallo, A (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
OI Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This material was based upon work supported in part by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of
   Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698,
   DE-AC02-09CH11466, and DE-AC05-00OR22725. DIII-D data shown in this
   paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at
   https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. We thank M.W. Shafer for
   providing the finite beam lifetime calculations. One of us (A.D.)
   acknowledges discussions with J. D. Callen.
NR 41
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056111
DI 10.1063/1.4921148
PG 13
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300118
ER

PT J
AU Doss, FW
   Kline, JL
   Flippo, KA
   Perry, TS
   DeVolder, BG
   Tregillis, I
   Loomis, EN
   Merritt, EC
   Murphy, TJ
   Welser-Sherrill, L
   Fincke, JR
AF Doss, F. W.
   Kline, J. L.
   Flippo, K. A.
   Perry, T. S.
   DeVolder, B. G.
   Tregillis, I.
   Loomis, E. N.
   Merritt, E. C.
   Murphy, T. J.
   Welser-Sherrill, L.
   Fincke, J. R.
TI The Shock/Shear platform for planar radiation-hydrodynamics experiments
   on the National Ignition Facility
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SIMULATION
AB An indirectly-driven shock tube experiment fielded on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) was used to create a high-energy-density hydrodynamics platform at unprecedented scale. Scaling up a shear-induced mixing experiment previously fielded at OMEGA, the NIF shear platform drives 130 lm/ns shocks into a CH foam-filled shock tube (similar to 60 mg/cc) with interior dimensions of 1.5mm diameter and 5mm length. The pulse-shaping capabilities of the NIF are used to extend the drive for > 10 ns, and the large interior tube volumes are used to isolate physics-altering edge effects from the region of interest. The scaling of the experiment to the NIF allows for considerable improvement in maximum driving time of hydrodynamics, in fidelity of physics under examination, and in diagnostic clarity. Details of the experimental platform and post-shot simulations used in the analysis of the platform-qualifying data are presented. Hydrodynamic scaling is used to compare shear data from OMEGA with that from NIF, suggesting a possible change in the dimensionality of the instability at late times from one platform to the other. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Doss, F. W.; Kline, J. L.; Flippo, K. A.; Perry, T. S.; DeVolder, B. G.; Tregillis, I.; Loomis, E. N.; Merritt, E. C.; Murphy, T. J.; Welser-Sherrill, L.; Fincke, J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Doss, FW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM fdoss@lanl.gov
RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014; Flippo, Kirk/C-6872-2009; Murphy,
   Thomas/F-3101-2014; 
OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033; Flippo, Kirk/0000-0002-4752-5141;
   Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919
FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence
   Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344];  [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We would like to thank Dan Kalantar for useful fielding discussions, L.
   Robin Benedetti for discussion on the x-ray framing cameras, Warren
   Hsing for useful discussion on planning the experiments for NIF, the NIF
   operations team, and Los Alamos target fabrication. The referee for this
   paper is also thanked for their comments and discussion. This work was
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and performed by Los Alamos
   National Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National Security under
   Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NIF facility and experimental data
   reflects facility development and operations performed under the
   auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 32
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056303
DI 10.1063/1.4918354
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300128
ER

PT J
AU Garofalo, AM
   Burrell, KH
   Eldon, D
   Grierson, BA
   Hanson, JM
   Holland, C
   Huijsmans, GTA
   Liu, F
   Loarte, A
   Meneghini, O
   Osborne, TH
   Paz-Soldan, C
   Smith, SP
   Snyder, PB
   Solomon, WM
   Turnbull, AD
   Zeng, L
AF Garofalo, A. M.
   Burrell, K. H.
   Eldon, D.
   Grierson, B. A.
   Hanson, J. M.
   Holland, C.
   Huijsmans, G. T. A.
   Liu, F.
   Loarte, A.
   Meneghini, O.
   Osborne, T. H.
   Paz-Soldan, C.
   Smith, S. P.
   Snyder, P. B.
   Solomon, W. M.
   Turnbull, A. D.
   Zeng, L.
TI The quiescent H-mode regime for high performance edge localized
   mode-stable operation in future burning plasmas
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID MHD STABILITY; DIII-D; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; SCENARIOS; JT-60U
AB For the first time, DIII-D experiments have achieved stationary quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) operation for many energy confinement times at simultaneous ITER-relevant values of beta, confinement, and safety factor, in an ITER-like shape. QH-mode provides excellent energy confinement, even at very low plasma rotation, while operating without edge localized modes (ELMs) and with strong impurity transport via the benign edge harmonic oscillation (EHO). By tailoring the plasma shape to improve the edge stability, the QH-mode operating space has also been extended to densities exceeding 80% of the Greenwald limit, overcoming the long-standing low-density limit of QH-mode operation. In the theory, the density range over which the plasma encounters the kink-peeling boundary widens as the plasma cross-section shaping is increased, thus increasing the QH-mode density threshold. The DIII-D results are in excellent agreement with these predictions, and nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic analysis of reconstructed QH-mode equilibria shows unstable low n kink-peeling modes growing to a saturated level, consistent with the theoretical picture of the EHO. Furthermore, high density operation in the QH-mode regime has opened a path to a new, previously predicted region of parameter space, named "Super H-mode" because it is characterized by very high pedestals that can be more than a factor of two above the peeling-ballooning stability limit for similar ELMing H-mode discharges at the same density. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Garofalo, A. M.; Burrell, K. H.; Meneghini, O.; Osborne, T. H.; Paz-Soldan, C.; Smith, S. P.; Snyder, P. B.; Turnbull, A. D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Eldon, D.; Grierson, B. A.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Hanson, J. M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Holland, C.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Huijsmans, G. T. A.; Liu, F.; Loarte, A.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France.
   [Zeng, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Garofalo, AM (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
EM garofalo@fusion.gat.com
OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FG02-07ER54917,
   DE-FG02-04ER54761, DE-FG02-08ER54984]; ITER Organization
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the
   DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility,
   under Award Nos. DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466,
   DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG02-04ER54761, and DE-FG02-08ER54984, and the
   ITER Organization. The views and opinions expressed herein do not
   necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization. DIII-D data shown in
   this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at
   https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP.
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PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056116
DI 10.1063/1.4921406
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300123
ER

PT J
AU Gomez, MR
   Slutz, SA
   Sefkow, AB
   Hahn, KD
   Hansen, SB
   Knapp, PF
   Schmit, PF
   Ruiz, CL
   Sinars, DB
   Harding, EC
   Jennings, CA
   Awe, TJ
   Geissel, M
   Rovang, DC
   Smith, IC
   Chandler, GA
   Cooper, GW
   Cuneo, ME
   Harvey-Thompson, AJ
   Herrmann, MC
   Hess, MH
   Lamppa, DC
   Martin, MR
   McBride, RD
   Peterson, KJ
   Porter, JL
   Rochau, GA
   Savage, ME
   Schroen, DG
   Stygar, WA
   Vesey, RA
AF Gomez, M. R.
   Slutz, S. A.
   Sefkow, A. B.
   Hahn, K. D.
   Hansen, S. B.
   Knapp, P. F.
   Schmit, P. F.
   Ruiz, C. L.
   Sinars, D. B.
   Harding, E. C.
   Jennings, C. A.
   Awe, T. J.
   Geissel, M.
   Rovang, D. C.
   Smith, I. C.
   Chandler, G. A.
   Cooper, G. W.
   Cuneo, M. E.
   Harvey-Thompson, A. J.
   Herrmann, M. C.
   Hess, M. H.
   Lamppa, D. C.
   Martin, M. R.
   McBride, R. D.
   Peterson, K. J.
   Porter, J. L.
   Rochau, G. A.
   Savage, M. E.
   Schroen, D. G.
   Stygar, W. A.
   Vesey, R. A.
TI Demonstration of thermonuclear conditions in magnetized liner inertial
   fusion experiments
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID PINCH-DRIVEN HOHLRAUM; CONFINEMENT FUSION; TARGET; FUEL; IGNITION;
   PLASMA; COMPRESSION; FACILITY; GAIN
AB The magnetized liner inertial fusion concept [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)] utilizes a magnetic field and laser heating to relax the pressure requirements of inertial confinement fusion. The first experiments to test the concept [M. R. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)] were conducted utilizing the 19 MA, 100 ns Z machine, the 2.5 kJ, 1 TW Z Beamlet laser, and the 10 T Applied B-field on Z system. Despite an estimated implosion velocity of only 70 km/s in these experiments, electron and ion temperatures at stagnation were as high as 3 keV, and thermonuclear deuterium-deuterium neutron yields up to 2 x 10(12) have been produced. X-ray emission from the fuel at stagnation had widths ranging from 50 to 110 mu m over a roughly 80% of the axial extent of the target (6-8 mm) and lasted approximately 2 ns. X-ray yields from these experiments are consistent with a stagnation density of the hot fuel equal to 0.2-0.4 g/cm(3). In these experiments, up to 5 x 10(10) secondary deuterium-tritium neutrons were produced. Given that the areal density of the plasma was approximately 1-2 mg/cm(2), this indicates the stagnation plasma was significantly magnetized, which is consistent with the anisotropy observed in the deuterium-tritium neutron spectra. Control experiments where the laser and/or magnetic field were not utilized failed to produce stagnation temperatures greater than 1 keV and primary deuterium-deuterium yields greater than 10(10). An additional control experiment where the fuel contained a sufficient dopant fraction to substantially increase radiative losses also failed to produce a relevant stagnation temperature. The results of these experiments are consistent with a thermonuclear neutron source. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Gomez, M. R.; Slutz, S. A.; Sefkow, A. B.; Hahn, K. D.; Hansen, S. B.; Knapp, P. F.; Schmit, P. F.; Ruiz, C. L.; Sinars, D. B.; Harding, E. C.; Jennings, C. A.; Awe, T. J.; Geissel, M.; Rovang, D. C.; Smith, I. C.; Chandler, G. A.; Cooper, G. W.; Cuneo, M. E.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Hess, M. H.; Lamppa, D. C.; Martin, M. R.; McBride, R. D.; Peterson, K. J.; Porter, J. L.; Rochau, G. A.; Savage, M. E.; Stygar, W. A.; Vesey, R. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Herrmann, M. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Schroen, D. G.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
RP Gomez, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to thank the Z machine operations team, the ZBL
   operations team, the ABZ operations team, and the target fabrication
   team for their contributions to this work. Sandia National Laboratories
   is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia
   Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation,
   for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056306
DI 10.1063/1.4919394
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300131
ER

PT J
AU Gonsalves, AJ
   Nakamura, K
   Daniels, J
   Mao, HS
   Benedetti, C
   Schroeder, CB
   Toth, C
   van Tilborg, J
   Mittelberger, DE
   Bulanov, SS
   Vay, JL
   Geddes, CGR
   Esarey, E
   Leemans, WP
AF Gonsalves, A. J.
   Nakamura, K.
   Daniels, J.
   Mao, H. -S.
   Benedetti, C.
   Schroeder, C. B.
   Toth, Cs.
   van Tilborg, J.
   Mittelberger, D. E.
   Bulanov, S. S.
   Vay, J. -L.
   Geddes, C. G. R.
   Esarey, E.
   Leemans, W. P.
TI Generation and pointing stabilization of multi-GeV electron beams from a
   laser plasma accelerator driven in a pre-formed plasma waveguide
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID BETATRON OSCILLATIONS; PULSES; RAYS
AB Laser pulses with peak power 0.3 PW were used to generate electron beams with energy >4 GeV within a 9 cm-long capillary discharge waveguide operated with a plasma density of approximate to 7 x 10(17) cm(-3). Simulations showed that the super-Gaussian near-field laser profile that is typical of high-power femtosecond laser systems reduces the efficacy of guiding in parabolic plasma channels compared with the Gaussian laser pulses that are typically simulated. In the experiments, this was mitigated by increasing the plasma density and hence the contribution of self-guiding. This allowed for the generation of multi-GeV electron beams, but these had angular fluctuation greater than or similar to 2 mrad rms. Mitigation of capillary damage and more accurate alignment allowed for stable beams to be produced with energy 2.7 +/- 0.1 GeV. The pointing fluctuation was 0.6 mrad rms, which was less than the beam divergence of <= 1 mrad full-width-half-maximum. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Gonsalves, A. J.; Nakamura, K.; Daniels, J.; Mao, H. -S.; Benedetti, C.; Schroeder, C. B.; Toth, Cs.; van Tilborg, J.; Mittelberger, D. E.; Bulanov, S. S.; Vay, J. -L.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Mittelberger, D. E.; Bulanov, S. S.; Leemans, W. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Gonsalves, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM WPLeemans@lbl.gov
RI Daniels, Joost/N-2378-2015; 
OI Daniels, Joost/0000-0002-9480-6077; Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166
FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department
   of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-12ER41798]
FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of
   High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
   Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-FG02-12ER41798. The authors gratefully
   acknowledge the technical support from Aalhad Deshmukh, Dave Evans, Mark
   Kirkpatrick, Art Magana, Greg Mannino, Joe Riley, Ken Sihler, Ohmar
   Sowle, Tyler Sipla, Don Syversrud, and Nathan Ybarrolaza as well as the
   THALES laser team for the development of the BELLA laser. We also thank
   Nicholas Matlis, Nadezhda Bobrova, Sergey Bulanov, and Krishnan
   Mahadevan for their contributions and discussions.
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056703
DI 10.1063/1.4919278
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300148
ER

PT J
AU Grierson, BA
   Burrell, KH
   Nazikian, RM
   Solomon, WM
   Garofalo, AM
   Belli, EA
   Staebler, GM
   Fenstermacher, ME
   McKee, GR
   Evans, TE
   Orlov, DM
   Smith, SP
   Chrobak, C
   Chrystal, C
AF Grierson, B. A.
   Burrell, K. H.
   Nazikian, R. M.
   Solomon, W. M.
   Garofalo, A. M.
   Belli, E. A.
   Staebler, G. M.
   Fenstermacher, M. E.
   McKee, G. R.
   Evans, T. E.
   Orlov, D. M.
   Smith, S. P.
   Chrobak, C.
   Chrystal, C.
CA DIII-D Team
TI Impurity confinement and transport in high confinement regimes without
   edge localized modes on DIII-D
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID ASDEX UPGRADE; HELIUM TRANSPORT; PARTICLE LOSSES; D TOKAMAK; PLASMAS;
   EXHAUST; POWER
AB Impurity transport in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42, 614 (2002)] is investigated in stationary high confinement (H-mode) regimes without edge localized modes (ELMs). In plasmas maintained by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP), ELM-suppression, and QH-mode, the confinement time of fluorine (Z = 9) is equivalent to that in ELMing discharges with 40 Hz ELMs. For selected discharges with impurity injection, the impurity particle confinement time compared to the energy confinement time is in the range of tau(p)/tau(e) approximate to 2 - 3. In QH-mode operation, the impurity confinement time is shown to be smaller for intense, coherent magnetic, and density fluctuations of the edge harmonic oscillation than weaker fluctuations. Transport coefficients are derived from the time evolution of the impurity density profile and compared to neoclassical and turbulent transport models NEO and TGLF. Neoclassical transport of fluorine is found to be small compared to the experimental values. In the ELMing and RMP ELM-suppressed plasma, the impurity transport is affected by the presence of tearing modes. For radii larger than the mode radius, the TGLF diffusion coefficient is smaller than the experimental value by a factor of 2-3, while the convective velocity is within error estimates. Low levels of diffusion are observed for radii smaller than the tearing mode radius. In the QH-mode plasma investigated, the TGLF diffusion coefficient is higher inside of rho = 0.4 and lower outside of 0.4 than the experiment, and the TGLF convective velocity is more negative by a factor of approximately 1.7. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Grierson, B. A.; Nazikian, R. M.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Burrell, K. H.; Garofalo, A. M.; Belli, E. A.; Staebler, G. M.; Evans, T. E.; Smith, S. P.; Chrobak, C.; DIII-D Team] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Fenstermacher, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [McKee, G. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53796 USA.
   [Orlov, D. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Chrystal, C.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Grierson, BA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
EM bgriers@pppl.gov
RI Orlov, Dmitriy/D-2406-2016; 
OI Orlov, Dmitriy/0000-0002-2230-457X; Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344,
   DE-FG02-89ER53296, DE-FG02-08ER54999]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the
   DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility,
   under Awards DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344,
   DE-FG02-89ER53296, and DE-FG02-08ER54999. DIII-D data shown in this
   paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at
   https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. B. A. Grierson acknowledges
   valuable discussion with R. Dux and N. Howard.
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PI MELVILLE
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 055901
DI 10.1063/1.4918359
PG 13
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300104
ER

PT J
AU Hansen, SB
   Gomez, MR
   Sefkow, AB
   Slutz, SA
   Sinars, DB
   Hahn, KD
   Harding, EC
   Knapp, PF
   Schmit, PF
   Awe, TJ
   McBride, RD
   Jennings, CA
   Geissel, M
   Harvey-Thompson, AJ
   Peterson, KJ
   Rovang, DC
   Chandler, GA
   Cooper, GW
   Cuneo, ME
   Herrmann, MC
   Hess, MH
   Johns, O
   Lamppa, DC
   Martin, MR
   Porter, JL
   Robertson, GK
   Rochau, GA
   Ruiz, CL
   Savage, ME
   Smith, IC
   Stygar, WA
   Vesey, RA
   Blue, BE
   Ryutov, D
   Schroen, DG
   Tomlinson, K
AF Hansen, S. B.
   Gomez, M. R.
   Sefkow, A. B.
   Slutz, S. A.
   Sinars, D. B.
   Hahn, K. D.
   Harding, E. C.
   Knapp, P. F.
   Schmit, P. F.
   Awe, T. J.
   McBride, R. D.
   Jennings, C. A.
   Geissel, M.
   Harvey-Thompson, A. J.
   Peterson, K. J.
   Rovang, D. C.
   Chandler, G. A.
   Cooper, G. W.
   Cuneo, M. E.
   Herrmann, M. C.
   Hess, M. H.
   Johns, O.
   Lamppa, D. C.
   Martin, M. R.
   Porter, J. L.
   Robertson, G. K.
   Rochau, G. A.
   Ruiz, C. L.
   Savage, M. E.
   Smith, I. C.
   Stygar, W. A.
   Vesey, R. A.
   Blue, B. E.
   Ryutov, D.
   Schroen, D. G.
   Tomlinson, K.
TI Diagnosing magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments on Z
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID FACILITY
AB Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments performed at Sandia's Z facility have demonstrated significant thermonuclear fusion neutron yields (similar to 10(12) DD neutrons) from multi-keV deuterium plasmas inertially confined by slow (similar to 10 cm/mu s), stable, cylindrical implosions. Effective magnetic confinement of charged fusion reactants and products is signaled by high secondary DT neutron yields above 10(10). Analysis of extensive power, imaging, and spectroscopic x-ray measurements provides a detailed picture of similar to 3 keV temperatures, 0.3 g/cm(3) densities, gradients, and mix in the fuel and liner over the 1-2 ns stagnation duration. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hansen, S. B.; Gomez, M. R.; Sefkow, A. B.; Slutz, S. A.; Sinars, D. B.; Hahn, K. D.; Harding, E. C.; Knapp, P. F.; Schmit, P. F.; Awe, T. J.; McBride, R. D.; Jennings, C. A.; Geissel, M.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Peterson, K. J.; Rovang, D. C.; Chandler, G. A.; Cooper, G. W.; Cuneo, M. E.; Hess, M. H.; Johns, O.; Lamppa, D. C.; Martin, M. R.; Porter, J. L.; Robertson, G. K.; Rochau, G. A.; Ruiz, C. L.; Savage, M. E.; Smith, I. C.; Stygar, W. A.; Vesey, R. A.; Blue, B. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Herrmann, M. C.; Ryutov, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Schroen, D. G.; Tomlinson, K.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
RP Hansen, SB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM sbhanse@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Early
   Career Research Program, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences
   [FWP-14-017426]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and
   operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
   Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The work
   of SH was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science
   Early Career Research Program, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under
   FWP-14-017426.
NR 26
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056313
DI 10.1063/1.4921217
PG 6
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300138
ER

PT J
AU Hershcovitch, A
   Blaskiewicz, M
   Brennan, JM
   Custer, A
   Dingus, A
   Erickson, M
   Fischer, W
   Jamshidi, N
   Laping, R
   Liaw, CJ
   Meng, W
   Poole, HJ
   Todd, R
AF Hershcovitch, A.
   Blaskiewicz, M.
   Brennan, J. M.
   Custer, A.
   Dingus, A.
   Erickson, M.
   Fischer, W.
   Jamshidi, N.
   Laping, R.
   Liaw, C. -J.
   Meng, W.
   Poole, H. J.
   Todd, R.
TI Plasma sputtering robotic device for in-situ thick coatings of long,
   small diameter vacuum tubes
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID ION
AB A novel robotic plasma magnetron mole with a 50 cm long cathode was designed, fabricated, and operated. The reason for this endeavor is to alleviate the problems of unacceptable resistive heating of stainless steel vacuum tubes in the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The magnetron mole was successfully operated to copper coat an assembly containing a full-size, stainless steel, cold bore, RHIC magnet tubing connected to two types of RHIC bellows, to which two additional pipes made of RHIC tubing were connected. To increase the cathode lifetime, a movable magnet package was developed, and the thickest possible cathode was made, with a rather challenging target to substrate (de facto anode) distance of less than 1.5 cm. Achieving reliable steady state magnetron discharges at such a short cathode to anode gap was rather challenging, when compared to commercial coating equipment, where the target to substrate distance is 10's cm; 6.3cm is the lowest experimental target to substrate distance found in the literature. Additionally, the magnetron developed during this project provides unique omni-directional uniform coating. The magnetron is mounted on a carriage with spring loaded wheels that successfully crossed bellows and adjusted for variations in vacuum tube diameter, while keeping the magnetron centered. Electrical power and cooling water were fed through a cable bundle. The umbilical cabling system is driven by a motorized spool. Excellent coating adhesion was achieved. Measurements indicated that well-scrubbed copper coating reduced secondary electron yield to 1, i.e., the problem of electron clouds can be eliminated. Room temperature RF resistivity measurement indicated that a 10 mu m copper coated stainless steel RHIC tube has a conductivity close to that of pure copper tubing. Excellent coating adhesion was achieved. The device details and experimental results are described. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hershcovitch, A.; Blaskiewicz, M.; Brennan, J. M.; Fischer, W.; Liaw, C. -J.; Meng, W.; Todd, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Custer, A.; Dingus, A.; Erickson, M.; Jamshidi, N.; Laping, R.; Poole, H. J.] PVI, Oxnard, CA 93031 USA.
RP Hershcovitch, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM hershcovitch@bnl.gov
FU Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC02-98CH1-886]; U.S. Department
   of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH1-886]
FX This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC
   under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
   One of us (A.H.) gratefully acknowledges Mauro Taborelli for his advice
   and members of Mauro's group at CERN for performing SEY measurements.
NR 21
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 057101
DI 10.1063/1.4917478
PG 5
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300151
ER

PT J
AU Hoffman, NM
   Zimmerman, GB
   Molvig, K
   Rinderknecht, HG
   Rosenberg, MJ
   Albright, BJ
   Simakov, AN
   Sio, H
   Zylstra, AB
   Johnson, MG
   Seguin, FH
   Frenje, JA
   Li, CK
   Petrasso, RD
   Higdon, DM
   Srinivasan, G
   Glebov, VY
   Stoeckl, C
   Seka, W
   Sangster, TC
AF Hoffman, Nelson M.
   Zimmerman, George B.
   Molvig, Kim
   Rinderknecht, Hans G.
   Rosenberg, Michael J.
   Albright, B. J.
   Simakov, Andrei N.
   Sio, Hong
   Zylstra, Alex B.
   Johnson, Maria Gatu
   Seguin, Fredrick H.
   Frenje, Johan A.
   Li, C. K.
   Petrasso, Richard D.
   Higdon, David M.
   Srinivasan, Gowri
   Glebov, Vladimir Yu.
   Stoeckl, Christian
   Seka, Wolf
   Sangster, T. Craig
TI Approximate models for the ion-kinetic regime in
   inertial-confinement-fusion capsule implosions
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
AB "Reduced" (i.e., simplified or approximate) ion-kinetic (RIK) models in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations permit a useful description of inertial-confinement-fusion (ICF) implosions where kinetic deviations from hydrodynamic behavior are important. For implosions in or near the kinetic regime (i.e., when ion mean free paths are comparable to the capsule size), simulations using a RIK model give a detailed picture of the time- and space-dependent structure of imploding capsules, allow an assessment of the relative importance of various kinetic processes during the implosion, enable explanations of past and current observations, and permit predictions of the results of future experiments. The RIK simulation method described here uses moment-based reduced kinetic models for transport of mass, momentum, and energy by long-mean-free-path ions, a model for the decrease of fusion reactivity owing to the associated modification of the ion distribution function, and a model of hydrodynamic turbulent mixing. The transport models are based on local gradient-diffusion approximations for the transport of moments of the ion distribution functions, with coefficients to impose flux limiting or account for transport modification. After calibration against a reference set of ICF implosions spanning the hydrodynamic-to-kinetic transition, the method has useful, quantifiable predictive ability over a broad range of capsule parameter space. Calibrated RIK simulations show that an important contributor to ion species separation in ICF capsule implosions is the preferential flux of longer-mean-free-path species out of the fuel and into the shell, leaving the fuel relatively enriched in species with shorter mean free paths. Also, the transport of ion thermal energy is enhanced in the kinetic regime, causing the fuel region to have a more uniform, lower ion temperature, extending over a larger volume, than implied by clean simulations. We expect that the success of our simple approach will motivate continued theoretical research into the development of first-principles-based, comprehensive, self-consistent, yet useable models of kinetic multispecies ion behavior in ICF plasmas. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hoffman, Nelson M.; Molvig, Kim; Albright, B. J.; Simakov, Andrei N.; Higdon, David M.; Srinivasan, Gowri] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Zimmerman, George B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Rinderknecht, Hans G.; Rosenberg, Michael J.; Sio, Hong; Zylstra, Alex B.; Johnson, Maria Gatu; Seguin, Fredrick H.; Frenje, Johan A.; Li, C. K.; Petrasso, Richard D.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Glebov, Vladimir Yu.; Stoeckl, Christian; Seka, Wolf; Sangster, T. Craig] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
RP Hoffman, NM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM nmh@lanl.gov
OI Hoffman, Nelson/0000-0003-0178-767X; Simakov,
   Andrei/0000-0001-7064-9153; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We are grateful to a number of individuals for advice and discussions
   concerning this work: Evan Dodd for advice about scattered-light
   measurements and their importance; Erik Vold for explanations of the
   scaling of the ion transport equations; and Hans Herrmann, Yong-Ho Kim,
   Colin Horsfield (AWE), and Mike Rubery (AWE) for discussions of
   simulations and data from other experiments. This project was supported
   by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 31
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U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 052707
DI 10.1063/1.4921130
PG 17
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300048
ER

PT J
AU Hohenberger, M
   Radha, PB
   Myatt, JF
   LePape, S
   Marozas, JA
   Marshall, FJ
   Michel, DT
   Regan, SP
   Seka, W
   Shvydky, A
   Sangster, TC
   Bates, JW
   Betti, R
   Boehly, TR
   Bonino, MJ
   Casey, DT
   Collins, TJB
   Craxton, RS
   Delettrez, JA
   Edgell, DH
   Epstein, R
   Fiksel, G
   Fitzsimmons, P
   Frenje, JA
   Froula, DH
   Goncharov, VN
   Harding, DR
   Kalantar, DH
   Karasik, M
   Kessler, TJ
   Kilkenny, JD
   Knauer, JP
   Kurz, C
   Lafon, M
   LaFortune, KN
   MacGowan, BJ
   Mackinnon, AJ
   MacPhee, AG
   McCrory, RL
   McKenty, PW
   Meeker, JF
   Meyerhofer, DD
   Nagel, SR
   Nikroo, A
   Obenschain, S
   Petrasso, RD
   Ralph, JE
   Rinderknecht, HG
   Rosenberg, MJ
   Schmitt, AJ
   Wallace, RJ
   Weaver, J
   Widmayer, C
   Skupsky, S
   Solodov, AA
   Stoeckl, C
   Yaakobi, B
   Zuegel, JD
AF Hohenberger, M.
   Radha, P. B.
   Myatt, J. F.
   LePape, S.
   Marozas, J. A.
   Marshall, F. J.
   Michel, D. T.
   Regan, S. P.
   Seka, W.
   Shvydky, A.
   Sangster, T. C.
   Bates, J. W.
   Betti, R.
   Boehly, T. R.
   Bonino, M. J.
   Casey, D. T.
   Collins, T. J. B.
   Craxton, R. S.
   Delettrez, J. A.
   Edgell, D. H.
   Epstein, R.
   Fiksel, G.
   Fitzsimmons, P.
   Frenje, J. A.
   Froula, D. H.
   Goncharov, V. N.
   Harding, D. R.
   Kalantar, D. H.
   Karasik, M.
   Kessler, T. J.
   Kilkenny, J. D.
   Knauer, J. P.
   Kurz, C.
   Lafon, M.
   LaFortune, K. N.
   MacGowan, B. J.
   Mackinnon, A. J.
   MacPhee, A. G.
   McCrory, R. L.
   McKenty, P. W.
   Meeker, J. F.
   Meyerhofer, D. D.
   Nagel, S. R.
   Nikroo, A.
   Obenschain, S.
   Petrasso, R. D.
   Ralph, J. E.
   Rinderknecht, H. G.
   Rosenberg, M. J.
   Schmitt, A. J.
   Wallace, R. J.
   Weaver, J.
   Widmayer, C.
   Skupsky, S.
   Solodov, A. A.
   Stoeckl, C.
   Yaakobi, B.
   Zuegel, J. D.
TI Polar-direct-drive experiments on the National Ignition Facility
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID LASER; INSTABILITY; OMEGA; SIMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; PLASMAS; FUSION;
   HYDRODYNAMICS; TARGETS; SYSTEM
AB To support direct-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Opt. Eng. 43, 2841 (2004)] in its indirect-drive beam configuration, the polar-direct-drive (PDD) concept [S. Skupsky et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 2763 (2004)] has been proposed. Ignition in PDD geometry requires direct-drive-specific beam smoothing, phase plates, and repointing the NIF beams toward the equator to ensure symmetric target irradiation. First experiments to study the energetics and preheat in PDD implosions at the NIF have been performed. These experiments utilize the NIF in its current configuration, including beam geometry, phase plates, and beam smoothing. Room-temperature, 2.2-mm-diam plastic shells filled with D-2 gas were imploded with total drive energies ranging from similar to 500 to 750 kJ with peak powers of 120 to 180 TW and peak on-target irradiances at the initial target radius from 8 x 10(14) to 1.2 x 10(15) W/cm(2). Results from these initial experiments are presented, including measurements of shell trajectory, implosion symmetry, and the level of hot-electron preheat in plastic and Si ablators. Experiments are simulated with the 2-D hydrodynamics code DRACO including a full 3-D ray-trace to model oblique beams, and models for nonlocal electron transport and cross-beam energy transport (CBET). These simulations indicate that CBET affects the shell symmetry and leads to a loss of energy imparted onto the shell, consistent with the experimental data. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hohenberger, M.; Radha, P. B.; Myatt, J. F.; Marozas, J. A.; Marshall, F. J.; Michel, D. T.; Regan, S. P.; Seka, W.; Shvydky, A.; Sangster, T. C.; Betti, R.; Boehly, T. R.; Bonino, M. J.; Collins, T. J. B.; Craxton, R. S.; Delettrez, J. A.; Edgell, D. H.; Epstein, R.; Fiksel, G.; Froula, D. H.; Goncharov, V. N.; Harding, D. R.; Kessler, T. J.; Knauer, J. P.; Lafon, M.; McCrory, R. L.; McKenty, P. W.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Skupsky, S.; Solodov, A. A.; Stoeckl, C.; Yaakobi, B.; Zuegel, J. D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
   [LePape, S.; Casey, D. T.; Kalantar, D. H.; LaFortune, K. N.; MacGowan, B. J.; Mackinnon, A. J.; MacPhee, A. G.; Meeker, J. F.; Nagel, S. R.; Ralph, J. E.; Wallace, R. J.; Widmayer, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Bates, J. W.; Karasik, M.; Obenschain, S.; Schmitt, A. J.; Weaver, J.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA.
   [Fitzsimmons, P.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Kurz, C.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA.
   [Frenje, J. A.; Petrasso, R. D.; Rinderknecht, H. G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Hohenberger, M (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
RI lepape, sebastien/J-3010-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014
OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906
FU Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-NA0001944]; University of Rochester; New York State Energy Research
   and Development Authority; DOE [LLNL-JRNL-664443]
FX This material was based upon work supported by the Department of Energy
   National Nuclear Security Administration under Award No. DE-NA0001944,
   the University of Rochester, and the New York State Energy Research and
   Development Authority. The support of DOE does not constitute an
   endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this article
   (LLNL-JRNL-664443).
NR 75
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056308
DI 10.1063/1.4920958
PG 15
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SC Physics
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UT WOS:000355794300133
ER

PT J
AU Holcomb, CT
   Heidbrink, WW
   Ferron, JR
   Van Zeeland, MA
   Garofalo, AM
   Solomon, WM
   Gong, X
   Mueller, D
   Grierson, B
   Bass, EM
   Collins, C
   Park, JM
   Kim, K
   Luce, TC
   Turco, F
   Pace, DC
   Ren, Q
   Podesta, M
AF Holcomb, C. T.
   Heidbrink, W. W.
   Ferron, J. R.
   Van Zeeland, M. A.
   Garofalo, A. M.
   Solomon, W. M.
   Gong, X.
   Mueller, D.
   Grierson, B.
   Bass, E. M.
   Collins, C.
   Park, J. M.
   Kim, K.
   Luce, T. C.
   Turco, F.
   Pace, D. C.
   Ren, Q.
   Podesta, M.
TI Fast-ion transport in q(min) > 2, high-beta steady-state scenarios on
   DIII-D
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID AXISYMMETRICAL TOROIDAL PLASMAS; D TOKAMAK; MHD STABILITY; CONFINEMENT;
   SHEAR; CODE; DISCHARGES; PROFILE; LIMITS
AB Results from experiments on DIII-D [J. L. Luxon, Fusion Sci. Technol. 48, 828 (2005)] aimed at developing high beta steady-state operating scenarios with high-q(min) confirm that fast-ion transport is a critical issue for advanced tokamak development using neutral beam injection current drive. In DIII-D, greater than 11 MW of neutral beam heating power is applied with the intent of maximizing beta(N) and the noninductive current drive. However, in scenarios with q(min) > 2 that target the typical range of q(95) = 5-7 used in next-step steady-state reactor models, Alfven eigenmodes cause greater fast-ion transport than classical models predict. This enhanced transport reduces the absorbed neutral beam heating power and current drive and limits the achievable beta(N). In contrast, similar plasmas except with q(min) just above 1 have approximately classical fast-ion transport. Experiments that take q(min) > 3 plasmas to higher beta(P) with q(95) = 11-12 for testing long pulse operation exhibit regimes of better than expected thermal confinement. Compared to the standard high-q(min) scenario, the high beta(P) cases have shorter slowing-down time and lower del beta(fast), and this reduces the drive for Alfvenic modes, yielding nearly classical fast-ion transport, high values of normalized confinement, beta(N), and noninductive current fraction. These results suggest DIII-D might obtain better performance in lower-q(95), high-q(min) plasmas using broader neutral beam heating profiles and increased direct electron heating power to lower the drive for Alfven eigenmodes. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Holcomb, C. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Heidbrink, W. W.; Collins, C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   [Ferron, J. R.; Van Zeeland, M. A.; Garofalo, A. M.; Bass, E. M.; Luce, T. C.; Pace, D. C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Solomon, W. M.; Mueller, D.; Grierson, B.; Podesta, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Gong, X.; Ren, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China.
   [Park, J. M.; Kim, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Turco, F.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
RP Holcomb, CT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, SC-G903402,
   DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-04ER54761]
FX This material was based upon work supported in part by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of
   Science user facility, under Award Nos. DE-FC02-04ER54698,
   DE-AC52-07NA27344, SC-G903402, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-00OR22725, and
   DE-FG02-04ER54761. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in
   digital format by following the links at
   https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP.
NR 42
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR UNSP 055904
DI 10.1063/1.4921152
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300107
ER

PT J
AU Hollmann, EM
   Parks, PB
   Commaux, N
   Eidietis, NW
   Moyer, RA
   Shiraki, D
   Austin, ME
   Lasnier, CJ
   Paz-Soldan, C
   Rudakov, DL
AF Hollmann, E. M.
   Parks, P. B.
   Commaux, N.
   Eidietis, N. W.
   Moyer, R. A.
   Shiraki, D.
   Austin, M. E.
   Lasnier, C. J.
   Paz-Soldan, C.
   Rudakov, D. L.
TI Measurement of runaway electron energy distribution function during
   high-Z gas injection into runaway electron plateaus in DIII-D
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID MOMENTUM-SPACE; AVALANCHE; TOKAMAK
AB The evolution of the runaway electron (RE) energy distribution function f(epsilon) during massive gas injection into centered post-disruption runaway electron plateaus has been reconstructed. Overall, f(epsilon) is found to be much more skewed toward low energy than predicted by avalanche theory. The reconstructions also indicate that the RE pitch angle theta is not uniform, but tends to be large at low energies and small theta similar to 0.1-0.2 at high energies. Overall power loss from the RE plateau appears to be dominated by collisions with background free and bound electrons, leading to line radiation. However, the drag on the plasma current appears to be dominated by collisions with impurity ions in most cases. Synchrotron emission appears not to be significant for overall RE energy dissipation but may be important for limiting the peak RE energy. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hollmann, E. M.; Moyer, R. A.; Rudakov, D. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Parks, P. B.; Eidietis, N. W.; Paz-Soldan, C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Commaux, N.; Shiraki, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Austin, M. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Lasnier, C. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Hollmann, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
OI Moyer, Richard/0000-0002-3858-8159
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG03-97ER54415, DE-FC02-04ER54698,
   DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC05-06OR23100]
FX This material was based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the
   DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility,
   under Award Nos. DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG03-97ER54415,
   DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and
   DE-AC05-06OR23100. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in
   digital format by following the links at
   https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP.
NR 26
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U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056108
DI 10.1063/1.4921149
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300115
ER

PT J
AU Hopkins, LFB
   Le Pape, S
   Divol, L
   Meezan, NB
   Mackinnon, AJ
   Ho, DD
   Jones, OS
   Khan, S
   Milovich, JL
   Ross, JS
   Amendt, P
   Casey, D
   Celliers, PM
   Pak, A
   Peterson, JL
   Ralph, J
   Rygg, JR
AF Hopkins, L. F. Berzak
   Le Pape, S.
   Divol, L.
   Meezan, N. B.
   Mackinnon, A. J.
   Ho, D. D.
   Jones, O. S.
   Khan, S.
   Milovich, J. L.
   Ross, J. S.
   Amendt, P.
   Casey, D.
   Celliers, P. M.
   Pak, A.
   Peterson, J. L.
   Ralph, J.
   Rygg, J. R.
TI Near-vacuum hohlraums for driving fusion implosions with high density
   carbon ablators
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; COLLIDING PLASMAS; TARGETS;
   INTERPENETRATION; SIMULATIONS
AB Recent experiments at the National Ignition Facility [M. J. Edwards et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 070501 (2013)] have explored driving high-density carbon ablators with near-vacuum hohlraums, which use a minimal amount of helium gas fill. These hohlraums show improved efficiency relative to conventional gas-filled hohlraums in terms of minimal backscatter, minimal generation of supra-thermal electrons, and increased hohlraum-capsule coupling. Given these advantages, near-vacuum hohlraums are a promising choice for pursuing high neutron yield implosions. Long pulse symmetry control, though, remains a challenge, as the hohlraum volume fills with material. Two mitigation methodologies have been explored, dynamic beam phasing and increased case-to-capsule ratio (larger hohlraum size relative to capsule). Unexpectedly, experiments have demonstrated that the inner laser beam propagation is better than predicted by nominal simulations, and an enhanced beam propagation model is required to match measured hot spot symmetry. Ongoing work is focused on developing a physical model which captures this enhanced propagation and on utilizing the enhanced propagation to drive longer laser pulses than originally predicted in order to reach alpha-heating dominated neutron yields. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hopkins, L. F. Berzak; Le Pape, S.; Divol, L.; Meezan, N. B.; Mackinnon, A. J.; Ho, D. D.; Jones, O. S.; Khan, S.; Milovich, J. L.; Ross, J. S.; Amendt, P.; Casey, D.; Celliers, P. M.; Pak, A.; Peterson, J. L.; Ralph, J.; Rygg, J. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Hopkins, LFB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RI lepape, sebastien/J-3010-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014
OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX The authors sincerely thank the NIF operations, laser, target
   fabrication, and diagnostic teams for their efforts during these
   experiments. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S.
   Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under
   Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 38
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U1 3
U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056318
DI 10.1063/1.4921151
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300143
ER

PT J
AU Hu, SX
   Goncharov, VN
   Boehly, TR
   McCrory, RL
   Skupsky, S
   Collins, LA
   Kress, JD
   Militzer, B
AF Hu, S. X.
   Goncharov, V. N.
   Boehly, T. R.
   McCrory, R. L.
   Skupsky, S.
   Collins, L. A.
   Kress, J. D.
   Militzer, B.
TI Impact of first-principles properties of deuterium-tritium on inertial
   confinement fusion target designs
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LIQUID DEUTERIUM;
   DENSE HYDROGEN; HIGH-DENSITIES; PLASMAS; COMPRESSION; CONDUCTION;
   MATTER; FLUID
AB A comprehensive knowledge of the properties of high-energy-density plasmas is crucial to understanding and designing low-adiabat, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions through hydrodynamic simulations. Warm-dense-matter (WDM) conditions are routinely accessed by low-adiabat ICF implosions, in which strong coupling and electron degeneracy often play an important role in determining the properties of warm dense plasmas. The WDM properties of deuterium-tritium (DT) mixtures and ablator materials, such as the equation of state, thermal conductivity, opacity, and stopping power, were usually estimated by models in hydro-codes used for ICF simulations. In these models, many-body and quantum effects were only approximately taken into account in the WMD regime. Moreover, the self-consistency among these models was often missing. To examine the accuracy of these models, we have systematically calculated the static, transport, and optical properties of warm dense DT plasmas, using first-principles (FP) methods over a wide range of densities and temperatures that cover the ICF "path" to ignition. These FP methods include the path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) and quantum-molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations, which treat electrons with many-body quantum theory. The first-principles equation-of-state table, thermal conductivities (kappa(QMD)), and first principles opacity table of DT have been self-consistently derived from the combined PIMC and QMD calculations. They have been compared with the typical models, and their effects to ICF simulations have been separately examined in previous publications. In this paper, we focus on their combined effects to ICF implosions through hydro-simulations using these FP-based properties of DT in comparison with the usual model simulations. We found that the predictions of ICF neutron yield could change by up to a factor of similar to 2.5; the lower the adiabat of DT capsules, the more variations in hydro-simulations. The FP-based properties of DT are essential for designing ICF ignition targets. Future work on first-principles studies of ICF ablator materials is also discussed. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hu, S. X.; Goncharov, V. N.; Boehly, T. R.; McCrory, R. L.; Skupsky, S.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
   [Collins, L. A.; Kress, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Militzer, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Militzer, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [McCrory, R. L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
   [McCrory, R. L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
RP Hu, SX (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
EM shu@lle.rochester.edu
RI Hu, Suxing/A-1265-2007
OI Hu, Suxing/0000-0003-2465-3818
FU Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-NA0001944]; University of Rochester; New York State Energy Research
   and Development Authority; Scientific Campaign 10 at the Los Alamos
   National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NSF; NASA
FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy
   National Nuclear Security Administration under Award No. DE-NA0001944,
   the University of Rochester, and the New York State Energy Research and
   Development Authority. The support of DOE does not constitute an
   endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this article. This work was
   also supported by Scientific Campaign 10 at the Los Alamos National
   Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the
   National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of
   Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. BM acknowledges support
   from NSF and NASA.
NR 122
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U1 1
U2 25
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056304
DI 10.1063/1.4917477
PG 14
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300129
ER

PT J
AU Jennings, CA
   Ampleford, DJ
   Lamppa, DC
   Hansen, SB
   Jones, B
   Harvey-Thompson, AJ
   Jobe, M
   Strizic, T
   Reneker, J
   Rochau, GA
   Cuneo, ME
AF Jennings, C. A.
   Ampleford, D. J.
   Lamppa, D. C.
   Hansen, S. B.
   Jones, B.
   Harvey-Thompson, A. J.
   Jobe, M.
   Strizic, T.
   Reneker, J.
   Rochau, G. A.
   Cuneo, M. E.
TI Computational modeling of Krypton gas puffs with tailored mass density
   profiles on Z
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID Z-PINCH LOADS; Z MACHINE; RADIATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS
AB Large diameter multi-shell gas puffs rapidly imploded by high current (similar to 20 MA, similar to 100 ns) on the Z generator of Sandia National Laboratories are able to produce high-intensity Krypton K-shell emission at similar to 13 keV. Efficiently radiating at these high photon energies is a significant challenge which requires the careful design and optimization of the gas distribution. To facilitate this, we hydrodynamically model the gas flow out of the nozzle and then model its implosion using a 3-dimensional resistive, radiative MHD code (GORGON). This approach enables us to iterate between modeling the implosion and gas flow from the nozzle to optimize radiative output from this combined system. Guided by our implosion calculations, we have designed gas profiles that help mitigate disruption from Magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor implosion instabilities, while preserving sufficient kinetic energy to thermalize to the high temperatures required for K-shell emission. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Jennings, C. A.; Ampleford, D. J.; Lamppa, D. C.; Hansen, S. B.; Jones, B.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Jobe, M.; Strizic, T.; Reneker, J.; Rochau, G. A.; Cuneo, M. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Jennings, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency; U.S. Department of Energy's National
   Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge C. Nakhleh, D. B.
   Sinars, and K. Peterson for programmatic support. We thank J. P.
   Chittenden at Imperial College, London for many useful discussions, and
   development of the GORGON MHD code. We thank J. Guiliani, J. W.
   Thornhill, and A. L. Velikovich at the Naval Research Laboratory for
   many useful discussions on the modeling of K-shell sources. Gas nozzle
   assembly and characterization were performed in the SITF facility, so we
   thank those team members, Ronald Kaye for programmatic support, and the
   support of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. We thank M. Krishnan, P.
   L. Coleman, and their colleagues at Alameda Applied Science Corporation
   for the development of gas puff infrastructure, and for many useful
   discussions. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory
   managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of
   Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's
   National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No.
   DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 34
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U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056316
DI 10.1063/1.4921154
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300141
ER

PT J
AU Kemp, GE
   Colvin, JD
   Fournier, KB
   May, MJ
   Barrios, MA
   Patel, MV
   Scott, HA
   Marinak, MM
AF Kemp, G. E.
   Colvin, J. D.
   Fournier, K. B.
   May, M. J.
   Barrios, M. A.
   Patel, M. V.
   Scott, H. A.
   Marinak, M. M.
TI Simulation study of 3-5 keV x-ray conversion efficiency from Ar K-shell
   vs. Ag L-shell targets on the National Ignition Facility laser
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-NUMBER; PLASMA SOURCE; EMISSION; MODEL
AB Tailored, high-flux, multi-keV x-ray sources are desirable for studying x-ray interactions with matter for various civilian, space and military applications. For this study, we focus on designing an efficient laser-driven non-local thermodynamic equilibrium 3-5 keV x-ray source from photon-energy-matched Ar K-shell and Ag L-shell targets at sub-critical densities (similar to n(c)/10) to ensure supersonic, volumetric laser heating with minimal losses to kinetic energy, thermal x rays and laser-plasma instabilities. Using HYDRA, a multi-dimensional, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, radiation-hydrodynamics code, we performed a parameter study by varying initial target density and laser parameters for each material using conditions readily achievable on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser. We employ a model, benchmarked against Kr data collected on the NIF, that uses flux-limited Lee-More thermal conductivity and multi-group implicit Monte-Carlo photonics with non-local thermodynamic equilibrium, detailed super-configuration accounting opacities from CRETIN, an atomic-kinetics code. While the highest power laser configurations produced the largest x-ray yields, we report that the peak simulated laser to 3-5 keV x-ray conversion efficiencies of 17.7% and 36.4% for Ar and Ag, respectively, occurred at lower powers between similar to 100-150 TW. For identical initial target densities and laser illumination, the Ag L-shell is observed to have >= 10x higher emissivity per ion per deposited laser energy than the Ar K-shell. Although such low-density Ag targets have not yet been demonstrated, simulations of targets fabricated using atomic layer deposition of Ag on silica aerogels (similar to 20% by atomic fraction) suggest similar performance to atomically pure metal foams and that either fabrication technique may be worth pursuing for an efficient 3-5 keV x-ray source on NIF. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Kemp, G. E.; Colvin, J. D.; Fournier, K. B.; May, M. J.; Barrios, M. A.; Patel, M. V.; Scott, H. A.; Marinak, M. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Kemp, GE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM kemp10@llnl.gov
OI Patel, Mehul/0000-0002-0486-010X
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DTRA (IACRO) [42381]
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge many useful conversations with F.
   Perez, M. Biener, K. Widmann, S. Regan, J. Fisher, D. Newlander, T. E.
   Felter, Kai Liu, S. Kucheyev, S. Seiler, and J. Davis. This work was
   performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by
   Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344 with partial funding from DTRA Basic Research grant
   (IACRO #42381).
NR 39
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U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 053110
DI 10.1063/1.4921250
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300063
ER

PT J
AU Knapp, PF
   Schmit, PF
   Hansen, SB
   Gomez, MR
   Hahn, KD
   Sinars, DB
   Peterson, KJ
   Slutz, SA
   Sefkow, AB
   Awe, TJ
   Harding, E
   Jennings, CA
   Desjarlais, MP
   Chandler, GA
   Cooper, GW
   Cuneo, ME
   Geissel, M
   Harvey-Thompson, AJ
   Porter, JL
   Rochau, GA
   Rovang, DC
   Ruiz, CL
   Savage, ME
   Smith, IC
   Stygar, WA
   Herrmann, MC
AF Knapp, P. F.
   Schmit, P. F.
   Hansen, S. B.
   Gomez, M. R.
   Hahn, K. D.
   Sinars, D. B.
   Peterson, K. J.
   Slutz, S. A.
   Sefkow, A. B.
   Awe, T. J.
   Harding, E.
   Jennings, C. A.
   Desjarlais, M. P.
   Chandler, G. A.
   Cooper, G. W.
   Cuneo, M. E.
   Geissel, M.
   Harvey-Thompson, A. J.
   Porter, J. L.
   Rochau, G. A.
   Rovang, D. C.
   Ruiz, C. L.
   Savage, M. E.
   Smith, I. C.
   Stygar, W. A.
   Herrmann, M. C.
TI Effects of magnetization on fusion product trapping and secondary
   neutron spectra
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; PARTICLE STOPPING POWERS; CYLINDRICAL
   GEOMETRY; IGNITION CONDITIONS; TARGET FUSION; AREAL DENSITY;
   NUCLEAR-DATA; ICF TARGETS; IMPLOSIONS; DRIVEN
AB By magnetizing the fusion fuel in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) systems, the required stagnation pressure and density can be relaxed dramatically. This happens because the magnetic field insulates the hot fuel from the cold pusher and traps the charged fusion burn products. This trapping allows the burn products to deposit their energy in the fuel, facilitating plasma self-heating. Here, we report on a comprehensive theory of this trapping in a cylindrical DD plasma magnetized with a purely axial magnetic field. Using this theory, we are able to show that the secondary fusion reactions can be used to infer the magnetic field-radius product, BR, during fusion burn. This parameter, not rho R, is the primary confinement parameter in magnetized ICF. Using this method, we analyze data from recent Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiments conducted on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories. We show that in these experiments BR approximate to 0.34(+0.14/-0.06) MG.cm, a similar to 14 x increase in BR from the initial value, and confirming that the DD-fusion tritons are magnetized at stagnation. This is the first experimental verification of charged burn product magnetization facilitated by compression of an initial seed magnetic flux. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Knapp, P. F.; Schmit, P. F.; Hansen, S. B.; Gomez, M. R.; Hahn, K. D.; Sinars, D. B.; Peterson, K. J.; Slutz, S. A.; Sefkow, A. B.; Awe, T. J.; Harding, E.; Jennings, C. A.; Desjarlais, M. P.; Chandler, G. A.; Cooper, G. W.; Cuneo, M. E.; Geissel, M.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Porter, J. L.; Rochau, G. A.; Rovang, D. C.; Ruiz, C. L.; Savage, M. E.; Smith, I. C.; Stygar, W. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Herrmann, M. C.] Lawerence Livermore Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Knapp, PF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security
   Science and Engineering [165746]; Sandia Corporation; U.S. Department of
   Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX One of the authors (P.F.S.) was supported by an appointment to the
   Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security
   Science and Engineering, which is part of the Laboratory Directed
   Research and Development (LDRD) Program, Project No. 165746, and
   sponsored by Sandia Corporation. Sandia National Laboratories is a
   multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a
   wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S.
   Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under
   Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 38
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U1 4
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056312
DI 10.1063/1.4920948
PG 20
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300137
ER

PT J
AU Koshkarov, O
   Smolyakov, AI
   Kaganovich, ID
   Ilgisonis, VI
AF Koshkarov, O.
   Smolyakov, A. I.
   Kaganovich, I. D.
   Ilgisonis, V. I.
TI Ion sound instability driven by the ion flows
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; PIERCE DIODE; DYNAMICS; PLASMAS
AB Ion sound instabilities driven by the ion flow in a system of a finite length are considered by analytical and numerical methods. The ion sound waves are modified by the presence of stationary ion flow resulting in negative and positive energy modes. The instability develops due to coupling of negative and positive energy modes mediated by reflections from the boundary. It is shown that the wave dispersion due to deviation from quasineutrality is crucial for the stability. In finite length system, the dispersion is characterized by the length of the system measured in units of the Debye length. The instability is studied analytically and the results are compared with direct, initial value numerical simulations. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Koshkarov, O.; Smolyakov, A. I.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
   [Kaganovich, I. D.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Smolyakov, A. I.; Ilgisonis, V. I.] Kurchatov Inst, NRC, Moscow, Russia.
RP Koshkarov, O (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, 116 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
EM koshkarov.alexandr@usask.ca
RI Ilgisonis, Victor/O-3218-2013
OI Ilgisonis, Victor/0000-0002-4874-3503
FU NSERC of Canada; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research
FX This work was supported in part by NSERC of Canada and U.S. Air Force
   Office of Scientific Research.
NR 32
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U1 4
U2 19
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 052113
DI 10.1063/1.4921333
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300017
ER

PT J
AU Kraus, D
   Vorberger, J
   Helfrich, J
   Gericke, DO
   Bachmann, B
   Bagnoud, V
   Barbrel, B
   Blazevic, A
   Carroll, DC
   Cayzac, W
   Doppner, T
   Fletcher, LB
   Frank, A
   Frydrych, S
   Gamboa, EJ
   Gauthier, M
   Gode, S
   Granados, E
   Gregori, G
   Hartley, NJ
   Kettle, B
   Lee, HJ
   Nagler, B
   Neumayer, P
   Notley, MM
   Ortner, A
   Otten, A
   Ravasio, A
   Riley, D
   Roth, F
   Schaumann, G
   Schumacher, D
   Schumaker, W
   Siegenthaler, K
   Spindloe, C
   Wagner, F
   Wunsch, K
   Glenzer, SH
   Roth, M
   Falcone, RW
AF Kraus, D.
   Vorberger, J.
   Helfrich, J.
   Gericke, D. O.
   Bachmann, B.
   Bagnoud, V.
   Barbrel, B.
   Blazevic, A.
   Carroll, D. C.
   Cayzac, W.
   Doeppner, T.
   Fletcher, L. B.
   Frank, A.
   Frydrych, S.
   Gamboa, E. J.
   Gauthier, M.
   Goede, S.
   Granados, E.
   Gregori, G.
   Hartley, N. J.
   Kettle, B.
   Lee, H. J.
   Nagler, B.
   Neumayer, P.
   Notley, M. M.
   Ortner, A.
   Otten, A.
   Ravasio, A.
   Riley, D.
   Roth, F.
   Schaumann, G.
   Schumacher, D.
   Schumaker, W.
   Siegenthaler, K.
   Spindloe, C.
   Wagner, F.
   Wuensch, K.
   Glenzer, S. H.
   Roth, M.
   Falcone, R. W.
TI The complex ion structure of warm dense carbon measured by spectrally
   resolved x-ray scattering
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID SHOCK-COMPRESSED MATTER; THOMSON SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITION; PLASMAS;
   GRAPHITE; URANUS; DYNAMICS; INTERIOR; NEPTUNE; GPA
AB We present measurements of the complex ion structure of warm dense carbon close to the melting line at pressures around 100 GPa. High-pressure samples were created by laser-driven shock compression of graphite and probed by intense laser-generated x-ray sources with photon energies of 4.75 keV and 4.95 keV. High-efficiency crystal spectrometers allow for spectrally resolving the scattered radiation. Comparing the ratio of elastically and inelastically scattered radiation, we find evidence for a complex bonded liquid that is predicted by ab-initio quantum simulations showing the influence of chemical bonds under these conditions. Using graphite samples of different initial densities we demonstrate the capability of spectrally resolved x-ray scattering to monitor the carbon solid-liquid transition at relatively constant pressure of 150 GPa. Showing first single-pulse scattering spectra from cold graphite of unprecedented quality recorded at the Linac Coherent Light Source, we demonstrate the outstanding possibilities for future high-precision measurements at 4th Generation Light Sources. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Kraus, D.; Barbrel, B.; Falcone, R. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Vorberger, J.] Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
   [Helfrich, J.; Frydrych, S.; Ortner, A.; Otten, A.; Roth, F.; Schaumann, G.; Schumacher, D.; Siegenthaler, K.; Wagner, F.; Roth, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
   [Gericke, D. O.; Wuensch, K.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Ctr Fus Space & Astrophys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England.
   [Bachmann, B.; Doeppner, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Bagnoud, V.; Blazevic, A.; Cayzac, W.; Neumayer, P.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
   [Carroll, D. C.; Notley, M. M.; Spindloe, C.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England.
   [Fletcher, L. B.; Gamboa, E. J.; Gauthier, M.; Goede, S.; Granados, E.; Lee, H. J.; Nagler, B.; Ravasio, A.; Schumaker, W.; Glenzer, S. H.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94309 USA.
   [Frank, A.] Helmholtz Inst Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
   [Gregori, G.; Hartley, N. J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
   [Kettle, B.; Riley, D.] Queens Univ Belfast, Ctr Plasma Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland.
RP Kraus, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RI Bagnoud, Vincent/K-4266-2015; 
OI Bagnoud, Vincent/0000-0003-1512-4578; Granados,
   Eduardo/0000-0002-6549-9303
FU BMBF [05P12RDFA1, 06DA9043I]; SSAA program Contract [DE-FG52-06NA26212];
   U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
FX This work was supported by BMBF Projects 05P12RDFA1 and 06DA9043I.
   R.W.F. and D.K. acknowledge support from SSAA program Contract No.
   DE-FG52-06NA26212. Use of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC
   National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515.
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056307
DI 10.1063/1.4920943
PG 7
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300132
ER

PT J
AU Liu, C
   Fox, W
   Bhattacharjee, A
AF Liu, C.
   Fox, W.
   Bhattacharjee, A.
TI Heat flux viscosity in collisional magnetized plasmas
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS;
   FIELD
AB Momentum transport in collisional magnetized plasmas due to gradients in the heat flux, a "heat flux viscosity," is demonstrated. Even though no net particle flux is associated with a heat flux, in a plasma there can still be momentum transport owing to the velocity dependence of the Coulomb collision frequency, analogous to the thermal force. This heat-flux viscosity may play an important role in numerous plasma environments, in particular, in strongly driven high-energy-density plasma, where strong heat flux can dominate over ordinary plasma flows. The heat flux viscosity can influence the dynamics of the magnetic field in plasmas through the generalized Ohm's law and may therefore play an important role as a dissipation mechanism allowing magnetic field line reconnection. The heat flux viscosity is calculated directly using the finite-difference method of Epperlein and Haines [Phys. Fluids 29, 1029 (1986)], which is shown to be more accurate than Braginskii's method [S. I. Braginskii, Rev. Plasma Phys. 1, 205 (1965)], and confirmed with one-dimensional collisional particle-in-cell simulations. The resulting transport coefficients are tabulated for ease of application. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Liu, C.; Bhattacharjee, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Fox, W.; Bhattacharjee, A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Liu, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM cliu@pppl.gov
OI Fox, William/0000-0001-6289-858X
FU National Science Foundation [ACI-1053575]; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0008655]
FX We thank A. S. Joglekar, A. G. R. Thomas, and J.-Y. Ji for very helpful
   discussions. The PIC simulations were conducted on the Kraken
   supercomputer from the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery
   Environment (XSEDE), which was supported by National Science Foundation
   Grant No. ACI-1053575, and the Hopper supercomputer from the National
   Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science
   User Facility supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy under Contract No. DE-SC0008655.
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 053302
DI 10.1063/1.4918941
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300069
ER

PT J
AU Lore, JD
   Reinke, ML
   Brunner, D
   LaBombard, B
   Lipschultz, B
   Terry, J
   Pitts, RA
   Feng, Y
AF Lore, J. D.
   Reinke, M. L.
   Brunner, D.
   LaBombard, B.
   Lipschultz, B.
   Terry, J.
   Pitts, R. A.
   Feng, Y.
TI Three-dimensional simulation of H-mode plasmas with localized divertor
   impurity injection on Alcator C-Mod using the edge transport code
   EMC3-EIRENE
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
AB Experiments in Alcator C-Mod to assess the level of toroidal asymmetry in divertor conditions resulting from poloidally and toroidally localized extrinsic impurity gas seeding show a weak toroidal peaking (similar to 1.1) in divertor electron temperatures for high-power enhanced D-alpha H-mode plasmas. This is in contrast to similar experiments in Ohmically heated L-mode plasmas, which showed a clear toroidal modulation in the divertor electron temperature. Modeling of these experiments using the 3D edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE [Y. Feng et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 241, 930 (1997)] qualitatively reproduces these trends, and indicates that the different response in the simulations is due to the ionization location of the injected nitrogen. Low electron temperatures in the private flux region (PFR) in L-mode result in a PFR plasma that is nearly transparent to neutral nitrogen, while in H-mode the impurities are ionized in close proximity to the injection location, with this latter case yielding a largely axisymmetric radiation pattern in the scrape-off-layer. The consequences for the ITER gas injection system are discussed. Quantitative agreement with the experiment is lacking in some areas, suggesting potential areas for improving the physics model in EMC3-EIRENE. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Lore, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Reinke, M. L.; Lipschultz, B.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York Plasma Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Brunner, D.; LaBombard, B.; Terry, J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Pitts, R. A.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France.
   [Feng, Y.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany.
RP Lore, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM lorejd@ornl.gov
RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; 
OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Lore, Jeremy/0000-0002-9192-465X
FU D.O.E. [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-99ER54512]; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Department of Energy
FX This work was supported by D.O.E. contracts DE-AC05-00OR22725 and
   DE-FC02-99ER54512. The views and opinions expressed herein do not
   necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization.; This manuscript has
   been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725
   with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains
   and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication,
   acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive,
   paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the
   published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United
   States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public
   access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance
   with the DOE Public Access Plan
   (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
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AR 056106
DI 10.1063/1.4919393
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UT WOS:000355794300113
ER

PT J
AU Lu, ZX
   Wang, WX
   Diamond, PH
   Tynan, G
   Ethier, S
   Gao, C
   Rice, J
AF Lu, Z. X.
   Wang, W. X.
   Diamond, P. H.
   Tynan, G.
   Ethier, S.
   Gao, C.
   Rice, J.
TI Intrinsic torque reversals induced by magnetic shear effects on the
   turbulence spectrum in tokamak plasmas
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; MOMENTUM-TRANSPORT; ROTATION; JET;
   CONFINEMENT; OPERATION; INPUT; MODES
AB Intrinsic torque, which can be generated by turbulent stresses, can induce toroidal rotation in a tokamak plasma at rest without direct momentum injection. Reversals in intrinsic torque have been inferred from the observation of toroidal velocity changes in recent lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments. This work focuses on understanding the cause of LHCD-induced intrinsic torque reversal using gyrokinetic simulations and theoretical analyses. A new mechanism for the intrinsic torque reversal linked to magnetic shear ((S) over cap) effects on the turbulence spectrum is identified. This reversal is a consequence of the ballooning structure at weak (s) over cap. Based on realistic profiles from the Alcator C-Mod LHCD experiments, simulations demonstrate that the intrinsic torque reverses for weak discharges and that the value of (S) over cap (crit) is consistent with the experimental results (S) over cap (exp)(crit) approximate to 0.2 similar to 0: 3 [Rice et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 125003 (2013)]. The consideration of this intrinsic torque feature in our work is important for the understanding of rotation profile generation at weak (S) over cap and its consequent impact on macro-instability stabilization and micro-turbulence reduction, which is crucial for ITER. It is also relevant to internal transport barrier formation at negative or weakly positive (s) over cap. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Lu, Z. X.; Tynan, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [Lu, Z. X.; Tynan, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [Lu, Z. X.; Diamond, P. H.; Tynan, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Momentum Transport & Flow Org, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [Lu, Z. X.; Diamond, P. H.; Tynan, G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [Wang, W. X.; Ethier, S.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Gao, C.; Rice, J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Lu, ZX (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
FU CER; DOE [CMTFO DE-FG02-OER54871]; U.S. DOE-PPPL [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This work was supported by CER, DOE Grant for CMTFO DE-FG02-OER54871,
   and U.S. DOE-PPPL Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. The support from L.
   Zakharov on equilibrium files and from J. Chen on computation is
   acknowledged. Simulations were performed on Edison at the National
   Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). Z.L. appreciates
   the hospitality of PPPL during his visit. Z.L. appreciates the
   discussion with F. Zonca on 2D mode structure analysis.
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR UNSP 055705
DI 10.1063/1.4919395
PG 10
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GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300100
ER

PT J
AU Lyons, BC
   Jardin, SC
   Ramos, JJ
AF Lyons, B. C.
   Jardin, S. C.
   Ramos, J. J.
TI Steady-state benchmarks of DK4D: A time-dependent, axisymmetric
   drift-kinetic equation solver
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID EDGE LOCALIZED MODES; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK DISCHARGES;
   BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; PEDESTAL; STABILITY; GEOMETRY;
   PLASMAS; BARRIER
AB The DK4D code has been written to solve a set of time-dependent, axisymmetric, finite-Larmor-radius drift-kinetic equations (DKEs) for the non-Maxwellian part of the electron and ion distribution functions using the full, linearized Fokker-Planck-Landau collision operator. The plasma is assumed to be in the low-to finite-collisionality regime, as is found in the cores of modern and future magnetic confinement fusion experiments. Each DKE is formulated such that the perturbed distribution function carries no net density, parallel momentum, or kinetic energy. Rather, these quantities are contained within the background Maxwellians and would be evolved by an appropriate set of extended magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. This formulation allows for straight-forward coupling of DK4D to existing extended MHD time evolution codes. DK4D uses a mix of implicit and explicit temporal representations and finite element and spectral spatial representations. These, along with other computational methods used, are discussed extensively. Steady-state benchmarks are then presented comparing the results of DK4D to expected analytic results at low collisionality, qualitatively, and to the Sauter analytic fits for the neoclassical conductivity and bootstrap current, quantitatively. These benchmarks confirm that DK4D is capable of solving for the correct, gyroaveraged distribution function in stationary magnetic equilibria. Furthermore, the results presented demonstrate how the exact drift-kinetic solution varies with collisionality as a function of the magnetic moment and the poloidal angle. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Lyons, B. C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Jardin, S. C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Ramos, J. J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Lyons, BC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
OI jardin, stephen/0000-0001-6390-6908
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFC02-08ER54969, DEAC02-09CH11466]; SciDAC
   Center for Extended Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling (CEMM); Department of
   Energy (DOE) Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF);
   DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23100]
FX This work was sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under
   Grant Nos. DEFC02-08ER54969 and DEAC02-09CH11466 and the SciDAC Center
   for Extended Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling (CEMM).; This research was
   also supported in part by an award from the Department of Energy (DOE)
   Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF). The DOE SCGF
   Program was made possible in part by the American Recovery and
   Reinvestment Act of 2009. The DOE SCGF program is administered by the
   Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education for the DOE. ORISE is
   managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE Contract
   No. DE-AC05-06OR23100. All opinions expressed in this paper are the
   authors' and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DOE,
   ORAU, or ORISE.
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056103
DI 10.1063/1.4918349
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WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300110
ER

PT J
AU Ma, CH
   Xu, XQ
   Xi, PW
   Xia, TY
   Snyder, PB
   Kim, SS
AF Ma, C. H.
   Xu, X. Q.
   Xi, P. W.
   Xia, T. Y.
   Snyder, P. B.
   Kim, S. S.
TI Impact of inward turbulence spreading on energy loss of edge-localized
   modes
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID PLASMA MICROTURBULENCE; BALLOONING MODES; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT;
   DIVERTOR; TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; EQUATIONS
AB Nonlinear two-fluid and gyrofluid simulations show that an edge localized modes (ELM) crash has two phases: fast initial crash of ion temperature perturbation on the Alfven time scale and slow turbulence spreading. The turbulence transport phase is a slow encroachment of electron temperature perturbation due to the ELM event into pedestal region. Because of the inward turbulence spreading effect, the energy loss of an ELM decreases when density pedestal height increases. The Landau resonance yields the different cross phase-shift of ions and electrons. A 3+1 gyro-Landau-fluid model is implemented in BOUT++ framework. The gyrofluid simulations show that the kinetic effects have stabilizing effects on the ideal ballooning mode and the energy loss increases with the pedestal height. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Ma, C. H.; Xi, P. W.] Peking Univ, Fus Simulat Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, C. H.; Xi, P. W.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Ma, C. H.; Xu, X. Q.; Xi, P. W.; Xia, T. Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Xia, T. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China.
   [Snyder, P. B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Kim, S. S.] NFRI, WCI Ctr Fus Theory, Taejon, South Korea.
RP Ma, CH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Fus Simulat Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
FU U.S. DoE by LLNL [DE-AC52-7NA27344]; ITER-China Program [2013GB111000,
   2013GB112006]; NSFC [11261140326]; CSC [201206010101]; Lawrence
   Livermore National Laboratory [LLNL-JRNL-664403]
FX The authors wish to acknowledge P. Diamond, A. Dimits, M. V. Umansky, I.
   Joseph, J. F. Ma, and X. G. Wang for useful discussions. This work was
   performed under the auspices of the U.S. DoE by LLNL under Contract
   DE-AC52-7NA27344 and was supported by the ITER-China Program (NOs.
   2013GB111000 and 2013GB112006), NSFC (No. 11261140326), and CSC
   (201206010101). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (IM number:
   LLNL-JRNL-664403).
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PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 055903
DI 10.1063/1.4920963
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300106
ER

PT J
AU McBride, RD
   Slutz, SA
AF McBride, Ryan D.
   Slutz, Stephen A.
TI A semi-analytic model of magnetized liner inertial fusion
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID TARGET FUSION; CYLINDRICAL GEOMETRY; IGNITION CONDITIONS; CONFINEMENT
   FUSION; ICF TARGETS; COMPRESSION; PHYSICS; PLASMA; FIELD; GAIN
AB Presented is a semi-analytic model of magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF). This model accounts for several key aspects of MagLIF, including: (1) preheat of the fuel (optionally via laser absorption); (2) pulsed-power-driven liner implosion; (3) liner compressibility with an analytic equation of state, artificial viscosity, internal magnetic pressure, and ohmic heating; (4) adiabatic compression and heating of the fuel; (5) radiative losses and fuel opacity; (6) magnetic flux compression with Nernst thermoelectric losses; (7) magnetized electron and ion thermal conduction losses; (8) end losses; (9) enhanced losses due to prescribed dopant concentrations and contaminant mix; (10) deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium primary fusion reactions for arbitrary deuterium to tritium fuel ratios; and (11) magnetized a-particle fuel heating. We show that this simplified model, with its transparent and accessible physics, can be used to reproduce the general 1D behavior presented throughout the original MagLIF paper [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)]. We also discuss some important physics insights gained as a result of developing this model, such as the dependence of radiative loss rates on the radial fraction of the fuel that is preheated. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
C1 [McBride, Ryan D.; Slutz, Stephen A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP McBride, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a
   Lockheed-Martin company, for the United States Department of Energy's
   National Nuclear Security Administration, under Contract No.
   DE-AC04-94AL85000.
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
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JI Phys. Plasmas
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PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 052708
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SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300049
ER

PT J
AU Moser, AL
   Hsu, SC
AF Moser, Auna L.
   Hsu, Scott C.
TI Experimental characterization of a transition from collisionless to
   collisional interaction between head-on-merging supersonic plasma jets
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID COLLIDING PLASMAS; INTERPENETRATION; SHOCK; THERMALIZATION; SIMULATIONS
AB We present results from experiments on the head-on merging of two supersonic plasma jets in an initially collisionless regime for the counter-streaming ions. The plasma jets are of either an argon/impurity or hydrogen/impurity mixture and are produced by pulsed-power-driven railguns. Based on time- and space-resolved fast-imaging, multi-chord interferometry, and survey-spectroscopy measurements of the overlapping region between the merging jets, we observe that the jets initially interpenetrate, consistent with calculated inter-jet ion collision lengths, which are long. As the jets interpenetrate, a rising mean-charge state causes a rapid decrease in the inter-jet ion collision length. Finally, the interaction becomes collisional and the jets stagnate, eventually producing structures consistent with collisional shocks. These experimental observations can aid in the validation of plasma collisionality and ionization models for plasmas with complex equations of state. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Moser, Auna L.; Hsu, Scott C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Moser, AL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
EM mosera@fusion.gat.com; scotthsu@lanl.gov
OI Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program of LANL
   under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We thank John Dunn, Colin Adams, and Elizabeth Merritt for technical
   assistance, and Colin Adams and Igor Golovkin for useful discussions.
   This work was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and
   Development (LDRD) Program of LANL under DOE Contract No.
   DE-AC52-06NA25396.
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PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 055707
DI 10.1063/1.4920955
PG 9
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SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300102
ER

PT J
AU Park, HS
   Huntington, CM
   Fiuza, F
   Drake, RP
   Froula, DH
   Gregori, G
   Koenig, M
   Kugland, NL
   Kuranz, CC
   Lamb, DQ
   Levy, MC
   Li, CK
   Meinecke, J
   Morita, T
   Petrasso, RD
   Pollock, BB
   Remington, BA
   Rinderknecht, HG
   Rosenberg, M
   Ross, JS
   Ryutov, DD
   Sakawa, Y
   Spitkovsky, A
   Takabe, H
   Turnbull, DP
   Tzeferacos, P
   Weber, SV
   Zylstra, AB
AF Park, H. -S.
   Huntington, C. M.
   Fiuza, F.
   Drake, R. P.
   Froula, D. H.
   Gregori, G.
   Koenig, M.
   Kugland, N. L.
   Kuranz, C. C.
   Lamb, D. Q.
   Levy, M. C.
   Li, C. K.
   Meinecke, J.
   Morita, T.
   Petrasso, R. D.
   Pollock, B. B.
   Remington, B. A.
   Rinderknecht, H. G.
   Rosenberg, M.
   Ross, J. S.
   Ryutov, D. D.
   Sakawa, Y.
   Spitkovsky, A.
   Takabe, H.
   Turnbull, D. P.
   Tzeferacos, P.
   Weber, S. V.
   Zylstra, A. B.
TI Collisionless shock experiments with lasers and observation of Weibel
   instabilities
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD GENERATION; ELECTRON-ION PLASMAS; FLOWS; WAVES
AB Astrophysical collisionless shocks are common in the universe, occurring in supernova remnants, gamma ray bursts, and protostellar jets. They appear in colliding plasma flows when the mean free path for ion-ion collisions is much larger than the system size. It is believed that such shocks could be mediated via the electromagnetic Weibel instability in astrophysical environments without preexisting magnetic fields. Here, we present laboratory experiments using high-power lasers and investigate the dynamics of high-Mach-number collisionless shock formation in two interpenetrating plasma streams. Our recent proton-probe experiments on Omega show the characteristic filamentary structures of the Weibel instability that are electromagnetic in nature with an inferred magnetization level as high as similar to 1% [C. M. Huntington et al., "Observation of magnetic field generation via the weibel instability in interpenetrating plasma flows," Nat. Phys. 11, 173-176 (2015)]. These results imply that electromagnetic instabilities are significant in the interaction of astrophysical conditions. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Park, H. -S.; Huntington, C. M.; Fiuza, F.; Levy, M. C.; Pollock, B. B.; Remington, B. A.; Ross, J. S.; Ryutov, D. D.; Turnbull, D. P.; Weber, S. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Drake, R. P.; Kuranz, C. C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Froula, D. H.; Rosenberg, M.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14636 USA.
   [Gregori, G.; Meinecke, J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
   [Koenig, M.] Ecole Polytech, LULI, Palaiseau, France.
   [Kugland, N. L.] Lam Res Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA.
   [Lamb, D. Q.; Tzeferacos, P.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, CA 94538 USA.
   [Li, C. K.; Petrasso, R. D.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Zylstra, A. B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Morita, T.; Sakawa, Y.; Takabe, H.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
   [Spitkovsky, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Park, HS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM park1@llnl.gov
RI Sakawa, Youichi/J-5707-2016; Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012
OI Sakawa, Youichi/0000-0003-4165-1048; Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 43
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056311
DI 10.1063/1.4920959
PG 13
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300136
ER

PT J
AU Peterson, JL
   Casey, DT
   Hurricane, OA
   Raman, KS
   Robey, HF
   Smalyuk, VA
AF Peterson, J. L.
   Casey, D. T.
   Hurricane, O. A.
   Raman, K. S.
   Robey, H. F.
   Smalyuk, V. A.
TI Validating hydrodynamic growth in National Ignition Facility implosions
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; PERTURBATION;
   EVOLUTION; TARGETS
AB We present new hydrodynamic growth experiments at the National Ignition Facility, which extend previous measurements up to Legendre mode 160 and convergence ratio 4, continuing the growth factor dispersion curve comparison of the low foot and high foot pulses reported by Casey et al. [Phys. Rev. E 90, 011102(R) (2014)]. We show that the high foot pulse has lower growth factor and lower growth rate than the low foot pulse. Using novel on-capsule fiducial markers, we observe that mode 160 inverts sign (changes phase) for the high foot pulse, evidence of amplitude oscillations during the Richtmyer-Meshkov phase of a spherically convergent system. Post-shot simulations are consistent with the experimental measurements for all but the shortest wavelength perturbations, reinforcing the validity of radiation hydrodynamic simulations of ablation front growth in inertial confinement fusion capsules. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Peterson, J. L.; Casey, D. T.; Hurricane, O. A.; Raman, K. S.; Robey, H. F.; Smalyuk, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Peterson, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM peterson76@llnl.gov
OI Peterson, Luc/0000-0002-5167-5708
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX The authors wish to thank the entire NIF and WCI operations and design
   staff for supporting this work, as well as the LLNL and General Atomics
   target fabrication teams. In particular, we appreciate the help of D.
   Callahan, D. Clark, S. Haan, D. Hoover, B. Kauffman, J. Kilkenny, J.
   Kroll, O. Landen, N. Meezan, A. Nikroo, and B. Remington. This work was
   performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by
   Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 39
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PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056309
DI 10.1063/1.4920952
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300134
ER

PT J
AU Qin, H
   Chung, M
   Davidson, RC
   Burby, JW
AF Qin, Hong
   Chung, Moses
   Davidson, Ronald C.
   Burby, Joshua W.
TI Spectral and structural stability properties of charged particle
   dynamics in coupled lattices
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID TWISS PARAMETERS; SYSTEMS
AB It has been realized in recent years that coupled focusing lattices in accelerators and storage rings have significant advantages over conventional uncoupled focusing lattices, especially for high-intensity charged particle beams. A theoretical framework and associated tools for analyzing the spectral and structural stability properties of coupled lattices are formulated in this paper, based on the recently developed generalized Courant-Snyder theory for coupled lattices. It is shown that for periodic coupled lattices that are spectrally and structurally stable, the matrix envelope equation must admit matched solutions. Using the technique of normal form and pre-Iwasawa decomposition, a new method is developed to replace the (inefficient) shooting method for finding matched solutions for the matrix envelope equation. Stability properties of a continuously rotating quadrupole lattice are investigated. The Krein collision process for destabilization of the lattice is demonstrated. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Qin, Hong; Davidson, Ronald C.; Burby, Joshua W.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Qin, Hong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
   [Chung, Moses] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ulsan 689798, South Korea.
RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; UNIST (Ulsan National
   Institute of Science and Technology) [1.140075.01]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
   (DE-AC02-09CH11466) and the 2014 Research Fund (1.140075.01) of UNIST
   (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology). We thank Professor
   Phil Morrison for interesting discussions of the Krein collision.
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056702
DI 10.1063/1.4920961
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UT WOS:000355794300147
ER

PT J
AU Schmitt, JC
   Bell, RE
   Boyle, DP
   Esposti, B
   Kaita, R
   Kozub, T
   LeBlanc, BP
   Lucia, M
   Maingi, R
   Majeski, R
   Merino, E
   Punjabi-Vinoth, S
   Tchilingurian, G
   Capece, A
   Koel, B
   Roszell, J
   Biewer, TM
   Gray, TK
   Kubota, S
   Beiersdorfer, P
   Widmann, K
   Tritz, K
AF Schmitt, J. C.
   Bell, R. E.
   Boyle, D. P.
   Esposti, B.
   Kaita, R.
   Kozub, T.
   LeBlanc, B. P.
   Lucia, M.
   Maingi, R.
   Majeski, R.
   Merino, E.
   Punjabi-Vinoth, S.
   Tchilingurian, G.
   Capece, A.
   Koel, B.
   Roszell, J.
   Biewer, T. M.
   Gray, T. K.
   Kubota, S.
   Beiersdorfer, P.
   Widmann, K.
   Tritz, K.
TI High performance discharges in the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment with
   liquid lithium walls
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID ENERGY CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; LIMITER; EDGE
AB The first-ever successful operation of a tokamak with a large area (40% of the total plasma surface area) liquid lithium wall has been achieved in the Lithium Tokamak eXperiment (LTX). These results were obtained with a new, electron beam-based lithium evaporation system, which can deposit a lithium coating on the limiting wall of LTX in a five-minute period. Preliminary analyses of diamagnetic and other data for discharges operated with a liquid lithium wall indicate that confinement times increased by 10 x compared to discharges with helium-dispersed solid lithium coatings. Ohmic energy confinement times with fresh lithium walls, solid and liquid, exceed several relevant empirical scaling expressions. Spectroscopic analysis of the discharges indicates that oxygen levels in the discharges limited on liquid lithium walls were significantly reduced compared to discharges limited on solid lithium walls. Tokamak operations with a full liquid lithium wall (85% of the total plasma surface area) have recently started. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Schmitt, J. C.; Bell, R. E.; Boyle, D. P.; Esposti, B.; Kaita, R.; Kozub, T.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Lucia, M.; Maingi, R.; Majeski, R.; Merino, E.; Punjabi-Vinoth, S.; Tchilingurian, G.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Capece, A.; Koel, B.; Roszell, J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Biewer, T. M.; Gray, T. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Kubota, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Beiersdorfer, P.; Widmann, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Tritz, K.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Schmitt, JC (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
OI Boyle, Dennis/0000-0001-8091-8169
FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contract Nos. DE-AC02-09CH11466 and
   DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 32
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PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056112
DI 10.1063/1.4921153
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300119
ER

PT J
AU Sechrest, Y
   Smith, D
   Stotler, DP
   Munsat, T
   Zweben, SJ
AF Sechrest, Y.
   Smith, D.
   Stotler, D. P.
   Munsat, T.
   Zweben, S. J.
TI Comparison of beam emission spectroscopy and gas puff imaging edge
   fluctuation measurements in National Spherical Torus Experiment
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALCATOR C-MOD; NEUTRAL TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS; HIGH CONFINEMENT MODE;
   DIII-D TOKAMAK; FUSION PLASMAS; OFF-LAYER; TURBULENCE; NSTX; BOUNDARY;
   FIELDS
AB In this study, the close physical proximity of the Gas Puff Imaging (GPI) and Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) diagnostics on the National Spherical torus Experiment (NSTX) is leveraged to directly compare fluctuation measurements, and to study the local effects of the GPI neutral deuterium puff during H-mode plasmas without large Edge Localized Modes. The GPI and BES views on NSTX provide partially overlapping coverage of the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) regions above the outboard midplane. The separation in the toroidal direction is 16 degrees, and field lines passing through diagnostic views are separated by similar to 20 cm in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Strong cross-correlation is observed, and strong cross-coherence is seen for frequencies between 5 and 15 kHz. Also, probability distribution functions of fluctuations measured similar to 3 cm inside the separatrix exhibit only minor deviations from a normal distribution for both diagnostics, and good agreement between correlation length estimates, decorrelation times, and structure velocities is found at the 640% level. While the two instruments agree closely in many respects, some discrepancies are observed. Most notably, GPI normalized fluctuation levels exceed BES fluctuations by a factor of similar to 9. BES mean intensity is found to be sensitive to the GPI neutral gas puff, and BES normalized fluctuation levels for frequencies between 1 and 10 kHz are observed to increase during the GPI puff. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Sechrest, Y.; Munsat, T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Smith, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Stotler, D. P.; Zweben, S. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Sechrest, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-09ER54995, DE-SC0001966,
   DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the NSTX Team, Rajesh Maingi for
   gas puffing during experiments, Ben LeBlanc for providing Thomson
   scattering data, and Ricky Maqueda. This work was supported by
   Department of Energy Grant Nos. DE-FG02-09ER54995, DE-SC0001966, and
   DE-AC02-09CH11466.
NR 58
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PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 052310
DI 10.1063/1.4921215
PG 14
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300037
ER

PT J
AU Spears, BK
   Munro, DH
   Sepke, S
   Caggiano, J
   Clark, D
   Hatarik, R
   Kritcher, A
   Sayre, D
   Yeamans, C
   Knauer, J
   Hilsabeck, T
   Kilkenny, J
AF Spears, Brian K.
   Munro, David H.
   Sepke, Scott
   Caggiano, Joseph
   Clark, Daniel
   Hatarik, Robert
   Kritcher, Andrea
   Sayre, Daniel
   Yeamans, Charles
   Knauer, James
   Hilsabeck, Terry
   Kilkenny, Joe
TI Three-dimensional simulations of National Ignition Facility implosions:
   Insight into experimental observables
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID SPECTRA
AB We simulate in 3D both the hydrodynamics and, simultaneously, the X-ray and neutron diagnostic signatures of National Ignition Facility (NIF) implosions. We apply asymmetric radiation drive to study the impact of low mode asymmetry on diagnostic observables. We examine X-ray and neutron images as well as neutron spectra for these perturbed implosions. The X-ray images show hot spot evolution on small length scales and short time scales, reflecting the incomplete stagnation seen in the simulation. The neutron images show surprising differences from the X-ray images. The neutron spectra provide additional measures of implosion asymmetry. Flow in the hot spot alters the neutron spectral peak, namely, the peak location and width. The changes in the width lead to a variation in the apparent temperature with viewing angle that signals underlying hot spot asymmetry. We compare our new expectations based on the simulated data with NIF data. We find that some recent cryogenic layered experiments show appreciable temperature anisotropy indicating residual flow in the hot spot. We also find some trends in the data that do not reflect our simulation and theoretical understanding. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Spears, Brian K.; Munro, David H.; Sepke, Scott; Caggiano, Joseph; Clark, Daniel; Hatarik, Robert; Kritcher, Andrea; Sayre, Daniel; Yeamans, Charles] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Knauer, James] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
   [Hilsabeck, Terry; Kilkenny, Joe] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
RP Spears, BK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM spears9@llnl.gov
FU LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX Prepared by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 27
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056317
DI 10.1063/1.4920957
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300142
ER

PT J
AU Spong, DA
AF Spong, Donald A.
TI 3D toroidal physics: Testing the boundaries of symmetry breaking
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS;
   RESONANT-PLATEAU TRANSPORT; ALPHA-PARTICLE CONFINEMENT; SCRAPE-OFF
   LAYER; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; ALFVEN EIGENMODES; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT;
   ADVANCED STELLARATOR; HOMOCLINIC TANGLES
AB Toroidal symmetry is an important concept for plasma confinement; it allows the existence of nested flux surface MHD equilibria and conserved invariants for particle motion. However, perfect symmetry is unachievable in realistic toroidal plasma devices. For example, tokamaks have toroidal ripple due to discrete field coils, optimized stellarators do not achieve exact quasi-symmetry, the plasma itself continually seeks lower energy states through helical 3D deformations, and reactors will likely have non-uniform distributions of ferritic steel near the plasma. Also, some level of designed-in 3D magnetic field structure is now anticipated for most concepts in order to provide the plasma control needed for a stable, steady-state fusion reactor. Such planned 3D field structures can take many forms, ranging from tokamaks with weak 3D edge localized mode suppression fields to stellarators with more dominant 3D field structures. This motivates the development of physics models that are applicable across the full range of 3D devices. Ultimately, the questions of how much symmetry breaking can be tolerated and how to optimize its design must be addressed for all fusion concepts. A closely coupled program of simulation, experimental validation, and design optimization is required to determine what forms and amplitudes of 3D shaping and symmetry breaking will be compatible with the requirements of future fusion reactors. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Spong, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM spongda@ornl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC05-00OR22725];
   UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. DOE SciDAC GSEP Center;
   Department of Energy
FX This material based on work was supported both by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with
   UT-Battelle, LLC and under the U.S. DOE SciDAC GSEP Center. This
   tutorial has benefitted from discussions with many colleagues,
   including: Jeffrey Harris, Andreas Wingen, Alessandro Bortolon, Steve
   Hirshman, Diego del-Castillo-Negrete, Jeremy Lore, John Canik, Yasushi
   Todo, Axel Konies, Lee Berry, John Koliner, John Sarff, Harold Weitzner,
   Allen Boozer, Allan Reiman, Nate Ferraro, Gerrit Kramer, Harry Mynick,
   Pavlos Xanthopoulos, Matt Landremann, Per Helander, Anthony Cooper,
   Kazuo Toi, Sam Lazerson, Mike Zarnstorff, and Kouji Shinohara.; This
   manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No.
   DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States
   Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for
   publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a
   non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or
   reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do
   so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will
   provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research
   in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan
   (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
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SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
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JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 055602
DI 10.1063/1.4921255
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GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300095
ER

PT J
AU Terry, JL
   Reinke, ML
   Hughes, JW
   LaBombard, B
   Theiler, C
   Wallace, GM
   Baek, SG
   Brunner, D
   Churchill, RM
   Edlund, E
   Ennever, P
   Faust, I
   Golfinopoulos, T
   Greenwald, M
   Hubbard, AE
   Irby, J
   Lin, Y
   Parker, RR
   Rice, JE
   Shiraiwa, S
   Walk, JR
   Wukitch, SJ
   Xu, P
AF Terry, J. L.
   Reinke, M. L.
   Hughes, J. W.
   LaBombard, B.
   Theiler, C.
   Wallace, G. M.
   Baek, S. G.
   Brunner, D.
   Churchill, R. M.
   Edlund, E.
   Ennever, P.
   Faust, I.
   Golfinopoulos, T.
   Greenwald, M.
   Hubbard, A. E.
   Irby, J.
   Lin, Y.
   Parker, R. R.
   Rice, J. E.
   Shiraiwa, S.
   Walk, J. R.
   Wukitch, S. J.
   Xu, P.
CA C-Mod Team
TI Improved confinement in high-density H-modes via modification of the
   plasma boundary with lower hybrid waves
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID ALCATOR C-MOD; CURRENT DRIVE; TORE-SUPRA; TRANSPORT; PEDESTAL; PROFILE
AB Injecting Lower Hybrid Range of Frequency (LHRF) waves into Alcator C-Mod's high-density H-mode plasmas has led to enhanced global energy confinement by increasing pedestal temperature and pressure gradients, decreasing the separatrix density, modifying the pedestal radial electric field and rotation, and decreasing edge turbulence. These experiments indicate that edge LHRF can be used as an actuator to increase energy confinement via modification of boundary quantities. H-98-factor increases of up to similar to 35% (e.g., H-98 from 0.75 to 1.0) are seen when moderate amounts of LH power (P-LH/P-tot similar to 0.15) are applied to H-modes of densities (n) over tilde (e) similar to 3 x 10(20) m(-3), corresponding to values similar to 0.5 of the Greenwald density. However, the magnitude of the improvement is reduced if the confinement quality of the target H-mode plasma is already good (i.e., H-98(target) similar to 1). Ray-tracing modeling and accessibility calculations for the LH waves indicate that they do not penetrate to the core. The LHRF power appears to be deposited in plasma boundary region, with a large fraction of the injected power increment appearing promptly on the outer divertor target. There is no evidence that the LH waves are driving current in these plasmas. The LHRF-actuated improvements are well correlated with suppressed pedestal density fluctuations in the 100-300 kHz range. There is also a correlation between the improved confinement and a drop in separatrix density, a correlation that is consistent with previous H-mode results with no LHRF. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Terry, J. L.; Reinke, M. L.; Hughes, J. W.; LaBombard, B.; Theiler, C.; Wallace, G. M.; Baek, S. G.; Brunner, D.; Churchill, R. M.; Edlund, E.; Ennever, P.; Faust, I.; Golfinopoulos, T.; Greenwald, M.; Hubbard, A. E.; Irby, J.; Lin, Y.; Parker, R. R.; Rice, J. E.; Shiraiwa, S.; Walk, J. R.; Wukitch, S. J.; Xu, P.; C-Mod Team] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Reinke, M. L.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York Plasma Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Theiler, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Churchill, R. M.; Edlund, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Terry, JL (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM terry@psfc.mit.ed
RI EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016; 
OI Theiler, Christian/0000-0003-3926-1374; Churchill,
   Randy/0000-0001-5711-746X
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-FC02-99ER54512, DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under Award
   Nos. DE-FC02-99ER54512 and DE-AC02-09CH11466 and in part by an
   appointment to the US DOE Fusion Energy Postdoctoral Research Program
   administered by ORISE.
NR 37
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 11
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056114
DI 10.1063/1.4920964
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300121
ER

PT J
AU Tommasini, R
   Field, JE
   Hammel, BA
   Landen, OL
   Haan, SW
   Aracne-Ruddle, C
   Benedetti, LR
   Bradley, DK
   Callahan, DA
   Dewald, EL
   Doeppner, T
   Edwards, MJ
   Hurricane, OA
   Izumi, N
   Jones, OA
   Ma, T
   Meezan, NB
   Nagel, SR
   Rygg, JR
   Segraves, KS
   Stadermann, M
   Strauser, RJ
   Town, RPJ
AF Tommasini, R.
   Field, J. E.
   Hammel, B. A.
   Landen, O. L.
   Haan, S. W.
   Aracne-Ruddle, C.
   Benedetti, L. R.
   Bradley, D. K.
   Callahan, D. A.
   Dewald, E. L.
   Doeppner, T.
   Edwards, M. J.
   Hurricane, O. A.
   Izumi, N.
   Jones, O. A.
   Ma, T.
   Meezan, N. B.
   Nagel, S. R.
   Rygg, J. R.
   Segraves, K. S.
   Stadermann, M.
   Strauser, R. J.
   Town, R. P. J.
TI Tent-induced perturbations on areal density of implosions at the
   National Ignition Facility
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; INSTABILITY; GROWTH; GAIN
AB Areal density non-uniformities seeded by time-dependent drive variations and target imperfections in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets can grow in time as the capsule implodes, with growth rates that are amplified by instabilities. Here, we report on the first measurements of the perturbations on the density and areal density profiles induced by the membranes used to hold the capsule within the hohlraum in indirect drive ICF targets. The measurements are based on the reconstruction of the ablator density profiles from 2D radiographs obtained using pinhole imaging coupled to area backlighting, as close as 150 ps to peak compression. Our study shows a clear correlation between the modulations imposed on the areal density and measured neutron yield, and a 3x reduction in the areal density perturbations comparing a high-adiabat vs. low-adiabat pulse shape. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Tommasini, R.; Field, J. E.; Hammel, B. A.; Landen, O. L.; Haan, S. W.; Aracne-Ruddle, C.; Benedetti, L. R.; Bradley, D. K.; Callahan, D. A.; Dewald, E. L.; Doeppner, T.; Edwards, M. J.; Hurricane, O. A.; Izumi, N.; Jones, O. A.; Ma, T.; Meezan, N. B.; Nagel, S. R.; Rygg, J. R.; Segraves, K. S.; Stadermann, M.; Strauser, R. J.; Town, R. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Segraves, K. S.] Schafer Corp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Strauser, R. J.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
RP Tommasini, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM tommasini2@llnl.gov
RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009
OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini,
   Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 25
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056315
DI 10.1063/1.4921218
PG 7
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300140
ER

PT J
AU Turco, F
   Petty, CC
   Luce, TC
   Carlstrom, TN
   Van Zeeland, MA
   Heidbrink, W
   Carpanese, F
   Solomon, W
   Holcomb, CT
   Ferron, JR
AF Turco, F.
   Petty, C. C.
   Luce, T. C.
   Carlstrom, T. N.
   Van Zeeland, M. A.
   Heidbrink, W.
   Carpanese, F.
   Solomon, W.
   Holcomb, C. T.
   Ferron, J. R.
TI The high-beta(N) hybrid scenario for ITER and FNSF steady-state missions
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID PHYSICS BASIS; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; DISCHARGES; BETA
AB New experiments on DIII-D have demonstrated the steady-state potential of the hybrid scenario, with 1 MA of plasma current driven fully non-inductively and beta(N) up to 3.7 sustained for similar to 3 s (similar to 1.5 current diffusion time, tau(R), in DIII-D), providing the basis for an attractive option for steady-state operation in ITER and FNSF. Excellent confinement is achieved (H-98y2 similar to 1.6) without performance limiting tearing modes. The hybrid regime overcomes the need for off-axis current drive efficiency, taking advantage of poloidal magnetic flux pumping that is believed to be the result of a saturated 3/2 tearing mode. This allows for efficient current drive close to the axis, without deleterious sawtooth instabilities. In these experiments, the edge surface loop voltage is driven down to zero for > 1 tau(R) when the poloidal beta is increased above 1.9 at a plasma current of 1.0 MA and the ECH power is increased to 3.2MW. Stationary operation of hybrid plasmas with all on-axis current drive is sustained at pressures slightly above the ideal no-wall limit, while the calculated ideal with-wall MHD limit is beta(N) similar to 4-4.5. Off-axis Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) power has been used to broaden the pressure and current profiles in this scenario, seeking to take advantage of higher predicted kink stability limits and lower values of the tearing stability index Delta', as calculated by the DCON and PEST3 codes. Results based on measured profiles predict ideal limits at beta(N)> 4.5, 10% higher than the cases with on-axis NBI. A 0-D model, based on the present confinement, beta(N) and shape values of the DIII-D hybrid scenario, shows that these plasmas are consistent with the ITER 9 MA, Q = 5 mission and the FNSF 6.7 MA scenario with Q = 3.5. With collisionality and edge safety factor values comparable to those envisioned for ITER and FNSF, the high-beta(N) hybrid represents an attractive high performance option for the steady-state missions of these devices. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Turco, F.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Petty, C. C.; Luce, T. C.; Carlstrom, T. N.; Van Zeeland, M. A.; Ferron, J. R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Heidbrink, W.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
   [Carpanese, F.] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Energia, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   [Solomon, W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Holcomb, C. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Turco, F (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA.
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-FG02-04ER54761, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344,
   SC-G903402, DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the
   DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility,
   under Award Nos. DE-FG02-04ER54761, DE-FC02-04ER54698,
   DE-AC52-07NA27344, SC-G903402, and DE-AC02-09CH11466. DIII-D data shown
   in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links
   at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP.
NR 19
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056113
DI 10.1063/1.4921161
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300120
ER

PT J
AU White, AE
   Howard, NT
   Creely, AJ
   Chilenski, MA
   Greenwald, M
   Hubbard, AE
   Hughes, JW
   Marmar, E
   Rice, JE
   Sierchio, JM
   Sung, C
   Walk, JR
   Whyte, DG
   Mikkelsen, DR
   Edlund, EM
   Kung, C
   Holland, C
   Candy, J
   Petty, CC
   Reinke, ML
   Theiler, C
AF White, A. E.
   Howard, N. T.
   Creely, A. J.
   Chilenski, M. A.
   Greenwald, M.
   Hubbard, A. E.
   Hughes, J. W.
   Marmar, E.
   Rice, J. E.
   Sierchio, J. M.
   Sung, C.
   Walk, J. R.
   Whyte, D. G.
   Mikkelsen, D. R.
   Edlund, E. M.
   Kung, C.
   Holland, C.
   Candy, J.
   Petty, C. C.
   Reinke, M. L.
   Theiler, C.
TI Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of the I-mode high confinement regime
   and comparisons with experiment
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID ALCATOR C-MOD; HEAT-TRANSPORT; TEMPERATURE; TOKAMAK; PLASMAS
AB For the first time, nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of I-mode plasmas are performed and compared with experiment. I-mode is a high confinement regime, featuring energy confinement similar to H-mode, but without enhanced particle and impurity particle confinement [D. G. Whyte et al., Nucl. Fusion 50, 105005 (2010)]. As a consequence of the separation between heat and particle transport, I-mode exhibits several favorable characteristics compared to H-mode. The nonlinear gyrokinetic code GYRO [J. Candy and R. E. Waltz, J Comput. Phys. 186, 545 (2003)] is used to explore the effects of E x B shear and profile stiffness in I-mode and compare with L-mode. The nonlinear GYRO simulations show that I-mode core ion temperature and electron temperature profiles are more stiff than L-mode core plasmas. Scans of the input E x B shear in GYRO simulations show that E x B shearing of turbulence is a stronger effect in the core of I-mode than L-mode. The nonlinear simulations match the observed reductions in long wavelength density fluctuation levels across the L-I transition but underestimate the reduction of long wavelength electron temperature fluctuation levels. The comparisons between experiment and gyrokinetic simulations for I-mode suggest that increased E x B shearing of turbulence combined with increased profile stiffness are responsible for the reductions in core turbulence observed in the experiment, and that I-mode resembles H-mode plasmas more than L-mode plasmas with regards to marginal stability and temperature profile stiffness. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [White, A. E.; Howard, N. T.; Creely, A. J.; Chilenski, M. A.; Greenwald, M.; Hubbard, A. E.; Hughes, J. W.; Marmar, E.; Rice, J. E.; Sierchio, J. M.; Sung, C.; Walk, J. R.; Whyte, D. G.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Mikkelsen, D. R.; Edlund, E. M.; Kung, C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   [Holland, C.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA.
   [Candy, J.; Petty, C. C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Reinke, M. L.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Theiler, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
RP White, AE (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM whitea@mit.edu
RI EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016; 
OI Theiler, Christian/0000-0003-3926-1374; Chilenski,
   Mark/0000-0002-3616-8484; Greenwald, Martin/0000-0002-4438-729X
FU DOE [DE-FC02-99ER54512-CMOD]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department
   of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We wish to acknowledge the outstanding expertise and support of the
   Alcator C-Mod team of scientists, engineers, and technicians at MIT,
   without whom these experiments would not have been possible.
   Experimental data sets were collected at the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, a
   DOE Office of Science user facility, supported by DOE Contract No.
   DE-FC02-99ER54512-CMOD. The nonlinear gyrokinetic calculations with the
   GYRO code were performed using the National Energy Research Scientific
   Computing Center, which was supported by the Office of Science of the
   U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 48
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056109
DI 10.1063/1.4921150
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300116
ER

PT J
AU Yamada, M
   Yoo, J
   Jara-Almonte, J
   Daughton, W
   Ji, HT
   Kulsrud, RM
   Myers, CE
AF Yamada, Masaaki
   Yoo, Jongsoo
   Jara-Almonte, Jonathan
   Daughton, William
   Ji, Hantao
   Kulsrud, Russell M.
   Myers, Clayton E.
TI Study of energy conversion and partitioning in the magnetic reconnection
   layer of a laboratory plasma
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID REVERSED-FIELD PINCH; EARTHS MAGNETOPAUSE; REGION; ACCELERATION;
   FLUCTUATIONS; SIMULATIONS; CHALLENGE; CODE
AB While the most important feature of magnetic reconnection is that it energizes plasma particles by converting magnetic energy to particle energy, the exact mechanisms by which this happens are yet to be determined despite a long history of reconnection research. Recently, we have reported our results on the energy conversion and partitioning in a laboratory reconnection layer in a short communication [Yamada et al., Nat. Commun. 5, 4474 (2014)]. The present paper is a detailed elaboration of this report together with an additional dataset with different boundary sizes. Our experimental study of the reconnection layer is carried out in the two-fluid physics regime where ions and electrons move quite differently. We have observed that the conversion of magnetic energy occurs across a region significantly larger than the narrow electron diffusion region. A saddle shaped electrostatic potential profile exists in the reconnection plane, and ions are accelerated by the resulting electric field at the separatrices. These accelerated ions are then thermalized by re-magnetization in the downstream region. A quantitative inventory of the converted energy is presented in a reconnection layer with a well-defined, variable boundary. We have also carried out a systematic study of the effects of boundary conditions on the energy inventory. This study concludes that about 50% of the inflowing magnetic energy is converted to particle energy, 2/3 of which is ultimately transferred to ions and 1/3 to electrons. Assisted by another set of magnetic reconnection experiment data and numerical simulations with different sizes of monitoring box, it is also observed that the observed features of energy conversion and partitioning do not depend on the size of monitoring boundary across the range of sizes tested from 1.5 to 4 ion skin depths. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Yamada, Masaaki; Yoo, Jongsoo; Jara-Almonte, Jonathan; Ji, Hantao; Kulsrud, Russell M.; Myers, Clayton E.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Daughton, William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Yamada, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; 
OI Yoo, Jongsoo/0000-0003-3881-1995; Myers, Clayton/0000-0003-4539-8406
FU DOE [DE-AC0209CH11466]; NASA [NNH11AQ45I]; NASA's Heliophysics Theory
   Program
FX We thank Dr. S. Zweben for valuable physics discussions and Mr. R.
   Cutler for technical supports. This work was supported by DOE Contract
   No. DE-AC0209CH11466 and NASA program for the MMS mission under Grant
   No. NNH11AQ45I. Contributions from W. Daughton were supported by NASA's
   Heliophysics Theory Program, and simulations were performed with
   resources from the LANL Institutional Computing Program.
NR 55
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 12
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056501
DI 10.1063/1.4920960
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300145
ER

PT J
AU Zylstra, AB
   Frenje, JA
   Seguin, FH
   Rygg, JR
   Kritcher, A
   Rosenberg, MJ
   Rinderknecht, HG
   Hicks, DG
   Friedrich, S
   Bionta, R
   Meezan, NB
   Olson, R
   Atherton, J
   Barrios, M
   Bell, P
   Benedetti, R
   Hopkins, LB
   Betti, R
   Bradley, D
   Callahan, D
   Casey, D
   Collins, G
   Dewald, EL
   Dixit, S
   Doppner, T
   Edwards, MJ
   Johnson, MG
   Glenn, S
   Grim, G
   Hatchett, S
   Jones, O
   Khan, S
   Kilkenny, J
   Kline, J
   Knauer, J
   Kyrala, G
   Landen, O
   LePape, S
   Li, CK
   Lindl, J
   Ma, T
   Mackinnon, A
   Manuel, MJE
   Meyerhofer, D
   Moses, E
   Nagel, SR
   Nikroo, A
   Parham, T
   Pak, A
   Petrasso, RD
   Prasad, R
   Ralph, J
   Robey, HF
   Ross, JS
   Sangster, TC
   Sepke, S
   Sinenian, N
   Sio, HW
   Spears, B
   Tommasini, R
   Town, R
   Weber, S
   Wilson, D
   Yeamans, C
   Zacharias, R
AF Zylstra, A. B.
   Frenje, J. A.
   Seguin, F. H.
   Rygg, J. R.
   Kritcher, A.
   Rosenberg, M. J.
   Rinderknecht, H. G.
   Hicks, D. G.
   Friedrich, S.
   Bionta, R.
   Meezan, N. B.
   Olson, R.
   Atherton, J.
   Barrios, M.
   Bell, P.
   Benedetti, R.
   Hopkins, L. Berzak
   Betti, R.
   Bradley, D.
   Callahan, D.
   Casey, D.
   Collins, G.
   Dewald, E. L.
   Dixit, S.
   Doeppner, T.
   Edwards, M. J.
   Johnson, M. Gatu
   Glenn, S.
   Grim, G.
   Hatchett, S.
   Jones, O.
   Khan, S.
   Kilkenny, J.
   Kline, J.
   Knauer, J.
   Kyrala, G.
   Landen, O.
   LePape, S.
   Li, C. K.
   Lindl, J.
   Ma, T.
   Mackinnon, A.
   Manuel, M. J. -E.
   Meyerhofer, D.
   Moses, E.
   Nagel, S. R.
   Nikroo, A.
   Parham, T.
   Pak, A.
   Petrasso, R. D.
   Prasad, R.
   Ralph, J.
   Robey, H. F.
   Ross, J. S.
   Sangster, T. C.
   Sepke, S.
   Sinenian, N.
   Sio, H. W.
   Spears, B.
   Tommasini, R.
   Town, R.
   Weber, S.
   Wilson, D.
   Yeamans, C.
   Zacharias, R.
TI In-flight observations of low-mode rho R asymmetries in NIF implosions
SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 56th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics
CY OCT 27-31, 2014
CL New Orleans, LA
ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; TARGETS;
   PLASMAS; DESIGN; OMEGA
AB Charged-particle spectroscopy is used to assess implosion symmetry in ignition-scale indirect-drive implosions for the first time. Surrogate (DHe)-He-3 gas-filled implosions at the National Ignition Facility produce energetic protons via D+He-3 fusion that are used to measure the implosion areal density (rho R) at the shock-bang time. By using protons produced several hundred ps before the main compression bang, the implosion is diagnosed in-flight at a convergence ratio of 3-5 just prior to peak velocity. This isolates acceleration-phase asymmetry growth. For many surrogate implosions, proton spectrometers placed at the north pole and equator reveal significant asymmetries with amplitudes routinely greater than or similar to 10%, which are interpreted as l = 2 Legendre modes. With significant expected growth by stagnation, it is likely that these asymmetries would degrade the final implosion performance. X-ray self-emission images at stagnation show asymmetries that are positively correlated with the observed in-flight asymmetries and comparable in magnitude, contradicting growth models; this suggests that the hot-spot shape does not reflect the stagnated shell shape or that significant residual kinetic energy exists at stagnation. More prolate implosions are observed when the laser drive is sustained ("no-coast"), implying a significant time-dependent asymmetry in peak drive. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Zylstra, A. B.; Frenje, J. A.; Seguin, F. H.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Johnson, M. Gatu; Li, C. K.; Manuel, M. J. -E.; Petrasso, R. D.; Sinenian, N.; Sio, H. W.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Rygg, J. R.; Kritcher, A.; Hicks, D. G.; Friedrich, S.; Bionta, R.; Meezan, N. B.; Atherton, J.; Barrios, M.; Bell, P.; Benedetti, R.; Hopkins, L. Berzak; Bradley, D.; Callahan, D.; Casey, D.; Collins, G.; Dewald, E. L.; Dixit, S.; Doeppner, T.; Edwards, M. J.; Glenn, S.; Hatchett, S.; Jones, O.; Khan, S.; Landen, O.; LePape, S.; Lindl, J.; Ma, T.; Mackinnon, A.; Moses, E.; Nagel, S. R.; Parham, T.; Pak, A.; Prasad, R.; Ralph, J.; Robey, H. F.; Ross, J. S.; Sepke, S.; Spears, B.; Tommasini, R.; Town, R.; Weber, S.; Yeamans, C.; Zacharias, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Olson, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Olson, R.; Grim, G.; Kline, J.; Kyrala, G.; Wilson, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Betti, R.; Knauer, J.; Meyerhofer, D.; Sangster, T. C.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA.
   [Kilkenny, J.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
RP Zylstra, AB (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM zylstra@mit.edu
RI lepape, sebastien/J-3010-2015; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Manuel,
   Mario/L-3213-2015; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015; Tommasini,
   Riccardo/A-8214-2009; 
OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Manuel,
   Mario/0000-0002-5834-1161; Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983; Tommasini,
   Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919
FU U.S. DoE [DE-NA0001857, DE-FC52-08NA28752]; LLNL [B597367]; LLE
   [415935-G]; Fusion Science Center at the University of Rochester
   [524431]; National Laser Users Facility [DE-NA0002035]; National Science
   Foundation [1122374]
FX This work is part of the first author's Ph.D. thesis and was supported
   in part by the U.S. DoE (Grant No. DE-NA0001857, DE-FC52-08NA28752),
   LLNL (No. B597367), LLE (No. 415935-G), the Fusion Science Center at the
   University of Rochester (No. 524431), and the National Laser Users
   Facility (No. DE-NA0002035). This material is based upon work supported
   by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
   under Grant No. 1122374.
NR 54
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PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 1070-664X
EI 1089-7674
J9 PHYS PLASMAS
JI Phys. Plasmas
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
IS 5
AR 056301
DI 10.1063/1.4918355
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CJ9AI
UT WOS:000355794300126
ER

PT J
AU Hua, ZL
   Ban, H
   Hurley, DH
AF Hua, Zilong
   Ban, Heng
   Hurley, David H.
TI The study of frequency-scan photothermal reflectance technique for
   thermal diffusivity measurement
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL REFLECTANCE; THERMOREFLECTANCE; PROPAGATION; MICROSCOPY;
   EFFUSIVITY; INTERFACE; WAVES; FILMS
AB A frequency scan photothermal reflectance technique to measure thermal diffusivity of bulk samples is studied in this manuscript. Similar to general photothermal reflectance methods, an intensity-modulated heating laser and a constant intensity probe laser are used to determine the surface temperature response under sinusoidal heating. The approach involves fixing the distance between the heating and probe laser spots, recording the phase lag of reflected probe laser intensity with respect to the heating laser frequency modulation, and extracting thermal diffusivity using the phase lag-(frequency) 1/2 relation. The experimental validation is performed on three samples (SiO2, CaF2, and Ge), which have a wide range of thermal diffusivities. The measured thermal diffusivity values agree closely with the literature values. Compared to the commonly used spatial scan method, the experimental setup and operation of the frequency scan method are simplified, and the uncertainty level is equal to or smaller than that of the spatial scan method. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Hua, Zilong; Ban, Heng] Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   [Hurley, David H.] Idaho Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Hua, ZL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
EM heng.ban@usu.edu
NR 21
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U1 4
U2 24
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 86
IS 5
AR 054901
DI 10.1063/1.4919609
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA CK0VQ
UT WOS:000355923700039
PM 26026545
ER

PT J
AU Kelley, MA
   Jakulewicz, MS
   Dreyer, CB
   Parker, TE
   Porter, JM
AF Kelley, Madison A.
   Jakulewicz, Micah S.
   Dreyer, Christopher B.
   Parker, Terence E.
   Porter, Jason M.
TI System overview and characterization of a high-temperature,
   high-pressure, entrained-flow, laboratory-scale gasifier
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID DROP-TUBE FURNACE; WAVELENGTH-MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY;
   COAL-GASIFICATION; GAS TEMPERATURE; PULVERIZED COAL; REACTIVITY;
   ABSORPTION; COMBUSTION; CHARS; STEAM
AB The high-temperature, high-pressure, entrained-flow, laboratory-scale gasifier at the Colorado School of Mines, including the primary systems and the supporting subsystems, is presented. The gasifier is capable of operating at temperatures and pressures up to 1650 degrees C and 40 bar. The heated section of the reactor column has an inner diameter of 50 mm and is 1 m long. Solid organic feedstock (e.g., coal, biomass, and solid waste) is ground into batches with particle sizes ranging from 25 to 90 mu m and is delivered to the reactor at feed rates of 2-20 g/min. The maximum useful power output of the syngas is 10 kW, with a nominal power output of 1.2 kW. The initial characterization and demonstration results of the gasifier system with a coal feedstock are also reported. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Kelley, Madison A.; Dreyer, Christopher B.; Parker, Terence E.; Porter, Jason M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Jakulewicz, Micah S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Porter, JM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM jporter@mines.edu
FU Department of Energy [DE-NT0005202]; Praxair, Inc. [DE-FE0004908];
   National Science Foundation [CBET-1336364]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy
   under Award No. DE-NT0005202, a subcontract by Praxair, Inc., under
   Award No. DE-FE0004908, and the National Science Foundation under Award
   No. CBET-1336364. We would also like to thank Peabody Energy for
   providing the coal samples and Zybek Advanced Products for grinding the
   coal powders.
NR 32
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 86
IS 5
AR 055106
DI 10.1063/1.4921196
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA CK0VQ
UT WOS:000355923700051
PM 26026557
ER

PT J
AU Mishra, V
   Hardin, CL
   Garay, JE
   Dames, C
AF Mishra, Vivek
   Hardin, Corey L.
   Garay, Javier E.
   Dames, Chris
TI A 3 omega method to measure an arbitrary anisotropic thermal
   conductivity tensor
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID 3-OMEGA METHOD; THIN-FILMS; MUSCOVITE; CRYSTALS; EQUATION
AB Previous use of the 3 omega method has been limited to materials with thermal conductivity tensors that are either isotropic or have their principal axes aligned with the natural cartesian coordinate system defined by the heater line and sample surface. Here, we consider the more general case of an anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor with finite off-diagonal terms in this coordinate system. An exact closed form solution for surface temperature has been found for the case of an ideal 3 omega heater line of finite width and infinite length, and verified numerically. We find that the common slope method of data processing yields the determinant of the thermal conductivity tensor, which is invariant upon rotation about the heater line's axis. Following this analytic result, an experimental scheme is proposed to isolate the thermal conductivity tensor elements. Using two heater lines and a known volumetric heat capacity, the arbitrary 2-dimensional anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor can be measured with a low frequency sweep. Four heater lines would be required to extend this method to measure all 6 unknown tensor elements in 3 dimensions. Experiments with anisotropic layered mica are carried out to demonstrate the analytical results. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Mishra, Vivek; Dames, Chris] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Hardin, Corey L.; Garay, Javier E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Mat Sci & Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   [Dames, Chris] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Dames, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM cdames@berkeley.edu
OI Mishra, Vivek/0000-0003-3953-1952
FU multidisciplinary research initiative (MRI) from the High Energy
   Lasers-Joint Technology Office (HEL-JTO)
FX We gratefully acknowledge support from a multidisciplinary research
   initiative (MRI) from the High Energy Lasers-Joint Technology Office
   (HEL-JTO) administered by the Army Research Office (ARO). The authors
   thank Sean Lubner, Geoff Wehmeyer, and Fan Yang for helpful discussions
   during the experiments.
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 86
IS 5
AR 054902
DI 10.1063/1.4918800
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA CK0VQ
UT WOS:000355923700040
PM 26026546
ER

PT J
AU Patel, S
   Suggit, MJ
   Stubley, PG
   Hawreliak, JA
   Ciricosta, O
   Comley, AJ
   Collins, GW
   Eggert, JH
   Foster, JM
   Wark, JS
   Higginbotham, A
AF Patel, Shamim
   Suggit, Matthew J.
   Stubley, Paul G.
   Hawreliak, James A.
   Ciricosta, Orlando
   Comley, Andrew J.
   Collins, Gilbert W.
   Eggert, Jon H.
   Foster, John M.
   Wark, Justin S.
   Higginbotham, Andrew
TI Single Hit Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHOCK; COMPRESSION; EXOPLANETS; SILICON; LASER
AB In situ white light Laue diffraction has been successfully used to interrogate the structure of single crystal materials undergoing rapid (nanosecond) dynamic compression up to megabar pressures. However, information on strain state accessible via this technique is limited, reducing its applicability for a range of applications. We present an extension to the existing Laue diffraction platform in which we record the photon energy of a subset of diffraction peaks. This allows for a measurement of the longitudinal and transverse strains in situ during compression. Consequently, we demonstrate measurement of volumetric compression of the unit cell, in addition to the limited aspect ratio information accessible in conventional white light Laue. We present preliminary results for silicon, where only an elastic strain is observed. VISAR measurements show the presence of a two wave structure and measurements show that material downstream of the second wave does not contribute to the observed diffraction peaks, supporting the idea that this material may be highly disordered, or has undergone large scale rotation. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
C1 [Patel, Shamim; Suggit, Matthew J.; Stubley, Paul G.; Ciricosta, Orlando; Wark, Justin S.; Higginbotham, Andrew] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
   [Hawreliak, James A.; Collins, Gilbert W.; Eggert, Jon H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Comley, Andrew J.; Foster, John M.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England.
RP Patel, S (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England.
FU EPSRC [EP/J017256/1]
FX We kindly acknowledge the assistance of the Jupiter laser facility
   staff. A.H. and P.S. gratefully acknowledge support from AWE. J.S.W. and
   M.J.S. acknowledge support from EPSRC under Grant No. EP/J017256/1. S.P.
   and P.S. acknowledge support from EPSRC.
NR 29
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PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0034-6748
EI 1089-7623
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 86
IS 5
AR 053908
DI 10.1063/1.4921774
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA CK0VQ
UT WOS:000355923700031
PM 26026537
ER

PT J
AU Osuna, JL
   Baldocchi, DD
   Kobayashi, H
   Dawson, TE
AF Osuna, Jessica L.
   Baldocchi, Dennis D.
   Kobayashi, Hideki
   Dawson, Todd E.
TI Seasonal trends in photosynthesis and electron transport during the
   Mediterranean summer drought in leaves of deciduous oaks
SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE blue oak; drought; environmental stress; fluorescence; groundwater;
   photosynthetic capacity; phreatophyte; PSII; Quercus douglasii; savanna;
   V-cmax
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; QUERCUS-ILEX; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; STOMATAL
   CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; NET
   PHOTOSYNTHESIS; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; WATER-STRESS
AB The California Mediterranean savanna has harsh summer conditions with minimal soil moisture, high temperature, high incoming solar radiation and little or no precipitation. Deciduous blue oaks, Quercus douglasii Hook. and Arn., are winter-deciduous obligate phreatophytes, transpiring mostly groundwater throughout the summer drought. The objective of this work is to fully characterize the seasonal trends of photosynthesis in blue oaks as well as the mechanistic relationships between leaf structure and function. We estimate radiative load of the leaves via the FLiES model and perform in situ measurements of leaf water potential, leaf nitrogen content, an index of chlorophyll content (SPAD readings), photosynthetic and electron transport capacity, and instantaneous rates of CO2 assimilation and electron transport. We measured multiple trees over 3 years providing data from a range of conditions. Our study included one individual that demonstrated strong drought stress as indicated by changes in SPAD readings, leaf nitrogen and all measures of leaf functioning. In the year following severe environmental stress, one individual altered foliation patterns on the crown but did not die. In all other individuals, we found that net carbon assimilation and photosynthetic capacity decreased during the summer drought. SPAD values, electron transport rate (ETR) and quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) did not show a strong decrease during the summer drought. In most individuals, PSII activity and SPAD readings did not indicate leaf structural or functional damage throughout the season. While net carbon assimilation was tightly coupled to stomatal conductance, the coupling was not as tight with ETR possibly due to contributions from photorespiration or other protective processes. Our work demonstrates that the blue oaks avoid structural damage by maintaining the capacity to convert and dissipate incoming solar radiation during the hot summer drought and are effective at fixing carbon by maximizing rates during the mild spring conditions.
C1 [Osuna, Jessica L.; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Kobayashi, Hideki; Dawson, Todd E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Osuna, Jessica L.; Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Kobayashi, Hideki; Dawson, Todd E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Osuna, JL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, POB 888,L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM osuna2@llnl.gov
RI Kobayashi, Hideki/A-9616-2010; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009
OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919
FU National Science Foundation; University of California; US Department of
   Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63638]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; US
   Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-664018]
FX Funding was provided to J.L.O. through a National Science Foundation
   Graduate Research Fellowship and the University of California Berkeley
   Chancellor's Fellowship. Work was supported in part by a US Department
   of Energy Terrestrial Carbon Project grant DE-FG02-03ER63638 to D.D.B.
   Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory provided funding to J.L.O. during
   manuscript preparation. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is
   operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the US
   Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under
   Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and LLNL-JRNL-664018.
NR 52
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U1 8
U2 27
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0829-318X
EI 1758-4469
J9 TREE PHYSIOL
JI Tree Physiol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 35
IS 5
BP 485
EP 500
DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv023
PG 16
WC Forestry
SC Forestry
GA CK2DP
UT WOS:000356021100004
PM 25855663
ER

PT J
AU Worsley, MA
   Shin, SJ
   Merrill, MD
   Lenhardt, J
   Nelson, AJ
   Woo, LY
   Gash, AE
   Baumann, TF
   Orme, CA
AF Worsley, Marcus A.
   Shin, Swanee J.
   Merrill, Matthew D.
   Lenhardt, Jeremy
   Nelson, Art J.
   Woo, Leta Y.
   Gash, Alex E.
   Baumann, Theodore F.
   Orme, Christine A.
TI Ultra low Density, Monolithic WS2, MoS2, and MoS2/Graphene Aerogels
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD); 3D assembly; cryogel; 2D
   materials; graphene analogues; layered material; catalysis
ID HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; METAL DICHALCOGENIDE NANOSHEETS; ACTIVE EDGE SITES;
   HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; GRAPHENE OXIDE; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; SENSING
   INDENTATION; CATALYST; ELECTROCATALYSIS; NANOPARTICLES
AB We describe the synthesis and characterization of monolithic, ultra low density WS2 and MoS2 aerogels, as well as a high surface area MoS2/graphene hybrid aerogel. The monolithic WS2 and MoS2 aerogels are prepared via thermal decomposition of freeze-dried ammonium thio-molybdate (ATM) and ammonium thio-tungstate (ATT) solutions, respectively. The densities of the pure dichalcogenide aerogels represent 0.4% and 0.5% of full density MoS2 and WS2, respectively, and can be tailored by simply changing the initial ATM or ATT concentrations. Similar processing in the presence of the graphene aerogel results in a hybrid structure with MoS2 sheets conformally coating the graphene scaffold. This layered motif produces a similar to 50 wt % MoS2 aerogel with BET surface area of similar to 700 m(2)/g and an electrical conductivity of 112 S/m. The MoS2/graphene aerogel shows promising results as a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst with low onset potential (similar to 100 mV) and high current density (100 mA/cm(2) at 260 mV).
C1 [Worsley, Marcus A.; Shin, Swanee J.; Merrill, Matthew D.; Lenhardt, Jeremy; Nelson, Art J.; Woo, Leta Y.; Gash, Alex E.; Baumann, Theodore F.; Orme, Christine A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Worsley, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM worsley1@llnl.gov
OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; UC
   Lab Fees Research Program [12-LR-235323]; Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) [13-LW-099]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
   DE-AC52-07NA27344. Transmission electron microscopy experiments were
   conducted at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence
   Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department
   of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Funding was provided by the
   UC Lab Fees Research Program under Award 12-LR-235323, and the Lawrence
   Livermore National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD)
   Grant 13-LW-099.
NR 65
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U1 62
U2 380
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 4698
EP 4705
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00087
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000006
PM 25858296
ER

PT J
AU Sohn, H
   Nowakowski, ME
   Liang, CY
   Hockel, JL
   Wetzlar, K
   Keller, S
   McLellan, BM
   Marcus, MA
   Doran, A
   Young, A
   Klaui, M
   Carman, GP
   Bokor, J
   Candler, RN
AF Sohn, Hyunmin
   Nowakowski, Mark E.
   Liang, Cheng-yen
   Hockel, Joshua L.
   Wetzlar, Kyle
   Keller, Scott
   McLellan, Brenda M.
   Marcus, Matthew A.
   Doran, Andrew
   Young, Anthony
   Klaeui, Mathias
   Carman, Gregory P.
   Bokor, Jeffrey
   Candler, Robert N.
TI Electrically Driven Magnetic Domain Wall Rotation in :Multiferroic
   Heterostructures to Manipulate Suspended On-Chip Magnetic Particles
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE multiferroics; lab-on-a-chip; energy-efficient magnetic technology;
   micromagnetic/elastodynamic coupled model; electrically driven magnetic
   domain wall motion
ID OPTICAL TWEEZERS; FIELD CONTROL; NANOPARTICLES; MEMORY; STRAIN; FILMS
AB In this work, we experimentally demonstrate deterministic electrically driven, strain-mediated domain wall (DW) rotation in ferromagnetic Ni rings fabricated on piezoelectric [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3](0.66)-[PbTiO3](0.34) (PMN-PT) substrates. While simultaneously imaging the Ni rings with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy, an electric field is applied across the PMN-PT substrate that induces strain in the ring structures, driving DW rotation around the ring toward the dominant PMN-PT strain axis by the inverse magnetostriction effect. The DW rotation we observe is analytically predicted using a fully coupled micromagnetic/elastodynamic multiphysics simulation, which verifies that the experimental behavior is caused by the electrically generated strain in this multiferroic system. Finally, this DW rotation is used to capture and manipulate micrometer-scale magnetic beads in a fluidic environment to demonstrate a proof-of-concept energy-efficient pathway for multiferroic-based lab-on-a-chip applications.
C1 [Sohn, Hyunmin; Candler, Robert N.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Liang, Cheng-yen; Hockel, Joshua L.; Wetzlar, Kyle; Keller, Scott; Carman, Gregory P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   [Nowakowski, Mark E.; Bokor, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [McLellan, Brenda M.] NYU, Polytech Sch Engn, Dept Phys, New York, NY 11201 USA.
   [Marcus, Matthew A.; Doran, Andrew; Young, Anthony] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Klaeui, Mathias] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
   [Candler, Robert N.] Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
RP Candler, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM rcandler@ee.ucla.edu
RI Klaui, Mathias/B-6972-2009; 
OI Klaui, Mathias/0000-0002-4848-2569; Keller, Scott
   M./0000-0001-5160-7839; Doran, Andrew/0000-0001-5158-4569
FU National Science Foundation [EEC-1160504, NSF 11-537]; NSF Center for
   Energy Efficient Electronics Science; Office of Science, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; EU [IFOX
   NMP3-LA-2010 246102]; DFG
FX Samples were prepared by H.S. PEEM experiments were performed by H.S.,
   M.E.N., J.L.H., M.A.M., A.D., and A.Y. Coupled
   micromagnetic/elastodynamic simulations were performed by C.-y. L and
   S.K. Strain measurements were performed by H.S. and K.W. Magnetic
   microbead experiments were carried out by M.E.N. and B.M.M. OOMMF
   micromagnetic simulations were performed by H.S. and B.M.M. The
   experiments were conceived by R.C., G.P.C., J.B., M.K., and M.E.N. The
   manuscript was written by M.E.N, H.S., C.-y. L, S.K., and R.C. The
   authors would like to thank A. Scholl for additional assistance at the
   PEEM end station of the Advanced Light Source. We also thank J. Clarkson
   and R. Ramesh for sample characterization assistance. We also
   acknowledge the use of the fabrication facility at the Integrated
   Systems Nanofabrication Cleanroom at the California NanoSystems
   Institute. We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science
   Foundation through the Cooperative Agreement Award EEC-1160504 for
   Solicitation NSF 11-537 (TANMS) and the NSF Center for Energy Efficient
   Electronics Science. The work at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence
   Berkeley National Laboratory is supported by the Director, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy,
   under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work in Mainz is supported
   by the EU (IFOX NMP3-LA-2010 246102) and the DFG.
NR 49
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 5
U2 53
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 4814
EP 4826
DI 10.1021/nn5056332
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000018
PM 25906195
ER

PT J
AU Bedford, NM
   Ramezani-Dakhel, H
   Slocik, JM
   Briggs, BD
   Ren, Y
   Frenkel, AI
   Petkov, V
   Heinz, H
   Naik, RR
   Knecht, MR
AF Bedford, Nicholas M.
   Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi
   Slocik, Joseph M.
   Briggs, Beverly D.
   Ren, Yang
   Frenkel, Anatoly I.
   Petkov, Valeri
   Heinz, Hendrik
   Naik, Rajesh R.
   Knecht, Marc R.
TI Elucidation of Peptide-Directed Palladium Surface Structure for
   Biologically Tunable Nanocatalysts
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE biotemplating; peptides; atomic pair distribution function; molecular
   dynamics simulations; catalysis
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PAIR DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION;
   BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS; ENABLED SYNTHESIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FORCE-FIELDS;
   NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; GOLD
AB Peptide-enabled synthesis of inorganic nanostructures represents an avenue to access catalytic materials with tunable and optimized properties. This is achieved via peptide complexity and programmability that is missing in traditional ligands for catalytic nanomaterials. Unfortunately, there is limited information available to correlate peptide sequence to particle structure and catalytic activity to date. As such, the application of peptide-enabled nanocatalysts remains limited to trial and error approaches. In this paper, a hybrid experimental and computational approach is introduced to systematically elucidate biomolecule-dependent structure/function relationships for peptide-capped Pd nanocatalysts. Synchrotron X-ray techniques were used to uncover substantial particle surface structural disorder, which was dependent upon the amino acid sequence of the peptide capping ligand. Nanocatalyst configurations were then determined directly from experimental data using reverse Monte Carlo methods and further refined using molecular dynamics simulation, obtaining thermodynamically stable peptide-Pd nanoparticle configurations. Sequence-dependent catalytic property differences for C-C coupling and olefin hydrogenation were then eluddated by identification of the catalytic active sites at the atomic level and quantitative prediction of relative reaction rates. This hybrid methodology provides a clear route to determine peptide-dependent structure/function relationships, enabling the generation of guidelines for catalyst design through rational tailoring of peptide sequences.
C1 [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Slocik, Joseph M.; Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
   [Bedford, Nicholas M.; Briggs, Beverly D.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.
   [Ramezani-Dakhel, Hadi; Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
   [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA.
   [Petkov, Valeri] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858 USA.
RP Bedford, NM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM nicholas.bedford@nist.gov; hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu;
   rajesh.naik@us.af.mil; knecht@miami.edu
RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010
OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404
FU US Air Force Office of Scientific Research; National Science Foundation
   [CBET-1033334, DMR-0955071, DMR-1437355]; US Department of Energy
   [DE-FG0203ER15476, DE-SC000687]; University of Miami; University of
   Akron; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-FG0205ER15688]; National Research Council;  [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported in part by the US Air Force Office of Scientific
   Research (R.R.N), National Science Foundation (M.R.K. CBET-1033334, H.H.
   DMR-0955071, DMR-1437355), and US Department of Energy (A.F
   DE-FG0203ER15476, V.P. DE-SC000687). Further financial support was
   provided by the University of Miami and the University of Akron. Use of
   beamline 11-ID-C at the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated
   by the US Department of Energy, was supported under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. Beamline X18B at the NSLS is supported in part by the
   Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No.
   DE-FG0205ER15688. N.M.B. acknowledges fellowship support from the
   National Research Council Research Associateship award. H.R. and H.H.
   further acknowledge the allocation of computing resources at the Ohio
   Supercomputer Center.
NR 58
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 13
U2 62
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5082
EP 5092
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00168
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000044
PM 25905675
ER

PT J
AU Yoo, J
   Nguyen, BM
   Campbell, IH
   Dayeh, SA
   Schuele, P
   Evans, D
   Picraux, ST
AF Yoo, Jinkyoung
   Binh-Minh Nguyen
   Campbell, Ian H.
   Dayeh, Shadi A.
   Schuele, Paul
   Evans, David
   Picraux, S. Tom
TI Si Radial p-i-n Junction Photovoltaic Arrays with Built-In Light
   Concentrators
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE photovoltaic; radial p-n junction; silicon nanowire; quantum efficiency;
   finite difference time domain calculation
ID SILICON NANOWIRE ARRAYS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT; SOLAR-CELLS;
   NANOSTRUCTURES; COLLECTION; CRYSTALS; SHAPE
AB High-performance photovoltaic (PV) devices require strong light absorption, low reflection and efficient photogenerated carrier collection for high quantum efficiency. Previous optical studies of vertical wires arrays have revealed that extremely efficient light absorption in the visible wavelengths is achievable. Photovoltaic studies have further advanced the wire approach by employing radial p-n junction architectures to achieve more efficient carrier collection. While radial p-n junction formation and optimized light absorption have independently been considered, PV efficiencies have further opportunities for enhancement by exploiting the radial p-n junction fabrication procedures to form arrays that simultaneously enhance both light absorption and carrier collection efficiency. Here we report a concept of morphology control to improve PV performance, light absorption and quantum efficiency of silicon radial p-i-n junction arrays. Surface energy minimization during vapor phase epitaxy is exploited to form match-head structures at the tips of the wires. The match-head structure acts as a built-in light concentrator and enhances optical absorptance and external quantum efficiencies by 30 to 40%, and PV efficiency under AM 1.5G illumination by 20% compared to cylindrical structures without match-heads. The design rules for these improvements with match-head arrays are systematically studied. This approach of process-enhanced control of three-dimensional Si morphologies provides a fab-compatible way to enhance the PV performance of Si radial p-n junction wire arrays.
C1 [Yoo, Jinkyoung; Binh-Minh Nguyen; Picraux, S. Tom] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Campbell, Ian H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Dayeh, Shadi A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Schuele, Paul; Evans, David] Sharp Labs, Camas, WA 98607 USA.
RP Yoo, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jyoo@lanl.gov; picraux@lanl.gov
RI Yoo, Jinkyoung/B-5291-2008
OI Yoo, Jinkyoung/0000-0002-9578-6979
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility
   at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National
   Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Laboratory Directed Research and
   Development Program at LANL; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and
   Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Program [EB2101010]; Los Alamos National
   Laboratory; US National Science Foundation [CBET-1236155, ECCS-1351980]
FX This work was performed in part at CINT, a U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility at Los Alamos National
   Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories
   (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000), and funded in part by the Laboratory
   Directed Research and Development Program at LANL and the DOE Office of
   Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Program
   (EB2101010), a director's postdoctoral fellowship for B.-M.N. at Los
   Alamos National Laboratory. S.A.D. acknowledges support from the US
   National Science Foundation (CBET-1236155 and ECCS-1351980).
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5154
EP 5163
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00500
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000051
PM 25961330
ER

PT J
AU Lin, JH
   Pantelides, ST
   Zhou, W
AF Lin, Junhao
   Pantelides, Sokrates T.
   Zhou, Wu
TI Vacancy-Induced Formation and Growth of Inversion Domains in
   Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayer
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE transition-metal dichalcogenide; vacancy; defect dynamics; inversion
   domain; grain boundaries
ID SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES;
   PHASE-TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; GRAPHENE; DEFECTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE;
   TRANSPORT
AB Sixty degree grain boundaries in semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers have been shown to act as conductive channels that have profound influence on both the transport properties and exciton behavior of the monolayers. Here, we show that annealing TMDC monolayers at high temperature induces the formation of large-scale inversion domains surrounded by such 60 degrees grain boundaries. To study the formation mechanism of such inversion domains, we use the electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscope to activate the dynamic process within pristine TMDC monolayers. The electron beam acts to generate chalcogen vacancies in TMDC monolayers and provide energy for them to undergo structural evolution. We directly visualize the nucleation and growth of such inversion domains and their 60 degrees grain boundaries atom-by-atom within a MoSe2 monolayer and explore their formation mechanism. Combined with density functional theory, we conclude that the nucleation of the inversion domains and migration of their 60 degrees grain boundaries are driven by the collective evolution of Se vacancies and subsequent displacement of Mo atoms, where such a dynamical process reduces the vacancy-induced lattice shrinkage and stabilizes the system. These results can help to understand the performance of such materials under severe conditions (e.g., high temperature).
C1 [Lin, Junhao; Pantelides, Sokrates T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.
   [Lin, Junhao; Pantelides, Sokrates T.; Zhou, Wu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM wu.zhou.stem@gmail.com
RI Lin, Junhao/D-7980-2015; Zhou, Wu/D-8526-2011
OI Lin, Junhao/0000-0002-2195-2823; Zhou, Wu/0000-0002-6803-1095
FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-09ER46554]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Basic Energy Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering
   Division; ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) -
   Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   U.S. DOE; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We thank Dhiraj Prasai and Dr. Kirill I. Bolotin for helping with the
   TEM sample preparation, Dave Caudel, Dr. Arnold Burger, Nirmal J.
   Ghimire, Jiaqiang Yan, and Dr. David G. Mandrus for providing the bulk
   samples used for mechanical exfoliation, and Dr. Bin Wang for helpful
   discussions. This research was supported in part by U.S. DOE Grant
   DE-FG02-09ER46554 (J.L., S.T.P.), by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division (W.Z.), and through a user project supported by
   ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is
   sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. This research used resources of the National
   Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the
   Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 39
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 17
U2 120
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5189
EP 5197
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00554
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000054
PM 25905570
ER

PT J
AU Hu, DH
   Liu, Q
   Tisdale, J
   Lei, T
   Pei, J
   Wang, H
   Urbas, A
   Hu, B
AF Hu, Dehua
   Liu, Qing
   Tisdale, Jeremy
   Lei, Ting
   Pei, Jian
   Wang, Hsin
   Urbas, Augustine
   Hu, Bin
TI Seebeck Effects in N-Type and P-Type Polymers Driven Simultaneously by
   Surface Polarization and Entropy Differences Based on
   Conductor/Polymer/Conductor Thin-Film Devices
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE Seebeck effects; charge-transfer states; surface polarization; entropy
   difference; n-type organic polymer; p-type organic polymer
ID ENHANCEMENT; DENSITY; VOLTAGE; STATES
AB This paper reports Seebeck effects driven by both surface polarization difference and entropy difference by using photoinduced intramolecular charge-transfer states in n-type and p-type conjugated polymers, namely IIDT and IIDDT, respectively, based on vertical conductor/polymer/conductor thin-film devices. We obtain large Seebeck coefficients of 898 mu V/K from n-type IIDT and 1300 mu V/K from p-type IIDDT when the charge-transfer states are generated by a white light illumination of 100 mW/cm(2), compared with the values of 380 and 4700 mu V/K in dark condition, respectively. Simultaneously, the electrical conductivities are increased from almost insulating state in dark condition to conducting state under photoexcitation in both n-type IIDT and p-type IIDDT based devices. The large Seebeck effects can be attributed to the following two mechanisms. First, the intramolecular charge-transfer states exhibit strong electron phonon coupling, which leads to a polarization difference between high and low temperature surfaces. This polarization difference essentially forms a temperature-dependent electric field, functioning as a new driving force additional to entropy difference, to drive the energetic carriers for the development of Seebeck effects under a temperature difference. Second, the intramolecular charge-transfer states generate negative or positive majority carriers (electrons or holes) in the n-type IIDT or p-type IIDDT, ready to be driven between high and low temperature surfaces for developing Seebeck effects. On the basis of coexisted polarization difference and entropy difference, the intramolecular charge-transfer states can largely enhance the Seebeck effects in both n-type IIDT and p-type IIDDT devices. Furthermore, we find that changing electrical conductivity can switch the Seebeck effects between polarization and entropy regimes when the charge-transfer states are generated upon applying photoexcitation. Therefore, using intramolecular charge-transfer states presents an approach to develop thermoelectric effects in organic materials-based vertical conductor/polymer/conductor thin-film devices.
C1 [Hu, Bin] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Coll Sci, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
   [Hu, Dehua; Liu, Qing; Tisdale, Jeremy; Hu, Bin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Lei, Ting; Pei, Jian] Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Key Lab Bioorgan Chem & Mol Engn, Minist Educ,Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Hsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Urbas, Augustine] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.
RP Hu, B (reprint author), Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Coll Sci, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China.
EM bhu@utk.edu
RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013
OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867
FU NSF [ECCS-0644945]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of
   Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy [CNMS2012-106,
   CNMS2012-107]; UT-Battelle LLC [DE-AC05000OR22725]; National Significant
   Program [2014CB643506, 2013CB922104]; National Science Foundation
   [61077020, 61205034, 61475051]
FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports from the
   NSF (ECCS-0644945). This research was partially conducted at the Center
   for Nanophase Materials Sciences based on user project (CNMS2012-106 and
   CNMS2012-107), which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by
   the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy.
   H. Wang would like to thank the support of the assistant secretary for
   Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy and
   the Propulsion Materials program under the Vehicle Technologies program.
   Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC under
   contract DE-AC05000OR22725. The authors also acknowledge the project
   support from National Significant Program (2014CB643506, 2013CB922104)
   and National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 61077020, 61205034,
   61475051).
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 11
U2 73
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5208
EP 5213
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b00589
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000056
PM 25877512
ER

PT J
AU Segal-Peretz, T
   Winterstein, J
   Doxastakis, M
   Ramirez-Hernandez, A
   Biswas, M
   Ren, JX
   Suh, HS
   Darling, SB
   Liddle, JA
   Elam, JW
   de Pablo, JJ
   Zaluzec, NJ
   Nealey, PF
AF Segal-Peretz, Tamar
   Winterstein, Jonathan
   Doxastakis, Manolis
   Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo
   Biswas, Mahua
   Ren, Jiaxing
   Suh, Hyo Seon
   Darling, Seth B.
   Liddle, J. Alexander
   Elam, Jeffrey W.
   de Pablo, Juan J.
   Zaluzec, Nestor J.
   Nealey, Paul F.
TI Characterizing the Three-Dimensional Structure of Block Copolymers via
   Sequential Infiltration Synthesis and Scanning Transmission Electron
   Tomography
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE block copolymers; self-assembly; TEM; STEM; tomography; SIS
ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; DIRECT VISUALIZATION; DIBLOCK
   COPOLYMER; WETTING BEHAVIOR; RADIATION-DAMAGE; STEM TOMOGRAPHY;
   LITHOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; MICROTOMOGRAPHY
AB Understanding and controlling the three-dimensional structure of block copolymer (BCP) thin films is critical for utilizing these materials for sub-20 nm nanopatterning in semiconductor devices, as well as in membranes and solar cell applications. Combining an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-based technique for enhancing the contrast of BCPs in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with scanning TEM (STEM) tomography reveals and characterizes the three-dimensional structures of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) thin films with great clarity. Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), a block-selective technique for growing inorganic materials in BCPs films in an ALD tool and an emerging technique for enhancing the etch contrast of BCPs, was harnessed to significantly enhance the high-angle scattering from the polar domains of BCP films in the TEM. The power of combining SIS and STEM tomography for three-dimensional (3D) characterization of BCP films was demonstrated with the following cases: self-assembled cylindrical, lamellar, and spherical PS-b-PMMA thin films. In all cases, STEM tomography has revealed 3D structures that were hidden underneath the surface, including (1) the 3D structure of defects in cylindrical and lamellar phases, (2) the nonperpendicular 3D surface of grain boundaries in the cylindrical phase, and (3) the 3D arrangement of spheres in body-centered-cubic (BCC) and hexagonal-closed-pack (HCP) morphologies in the spherical phase. The 3D data of the spherical morphologies was compared to coarse-grained simulations and assisted in validating the simulations' parameters. STEM tomography of SIS-treated BCP films enables the characterization of the exact structure used for pattern transfer and can lead to a better understating of the physics that is utilized in BCP lithography.
C1 [Segal-Peretz, Tamar; Doxastakis, Manolis; Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo; Ren, Jiaxing; Suh, Hyo Seon; Darling, Seth B.; de Pablo, Juan J.; Nealey, Paul F.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Segal-Peretz, Tamar; Doxastakis, Manolis; Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo; Suh, Hyo Seon; de Pablo, Juan J.; Nealey, Paul F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Biswas, Mahua; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Darling, Seth B.; Zaluzec, Nestor J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Winterstein, Jonathan; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
RP Nealey, PF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, 5747 South Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM nealey@uchicago.edu
RI Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo/A-1717-2011; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; 
OI Ramirez-Hernandez, Abelardo/0000-0002-3569-5223; Liddle,
   James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Doxastakis, Manolis/0000-0002-9175-9906
FU Weizmann Institute of Science National Postdoctoral Award Program for
   Advancing Women in Science; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Materials Science
   Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Center for Nanoscale
   Materials [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences at the Electron Microscopy
   Center in the NanoScience and Technology Division in Argonne National
   Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Commerce, National
   Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the CHiMad
   [70NHNB14H012]
FX T.S.-P. is an Awardee of the Weizmann Institute of Science National
   Postdoctoral Award Program for Advancing Women in Science. This work was
   supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, at the Materials Science Division, at
   the Center for Nanoscale Materials, and at the Electron Microscopy
   Center in the NanoScience and Technology Division, all in Argonne
   National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The project
   was in part funded by award 70NHNB14H012 from the U.S. Department of
   Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, as part of the
   CHiMad. We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on
   Blues, high-performance computing cluster operated by the Laboratory
   Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory.
NR 58
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 12
U2 82
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5333
EP 5347
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01013
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000069
PM 25919347
ER

PT J
AU Fagan, JA
   Haroz, EH
   Ihly, R
   Gui, H
   Blackburn, JL
   Simpson, JR
   Lam, S
   Walker, ARH
   Doorn, SK
   Zheng, M
AF Fagan, Jeffrey A.
   Haroz, Erik H.
   Ihly, Rachelle
   Gui, Hui
   Blackburn, Jeffrey L.
   Simpson, Jeffrey R.
   Lam, Stephanie
   Walker, Angela R. Hight
   Doorn, Stephen K.
   Zheng, Ming
TI Isolation of > 1 nm Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Species Using
   Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE single-wall carbon nanotube; separation; two-phase extraction
ID DENSITY-GRADIENT ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; LENGTH FRACTIONATION; CHIRALITY
   SEPARATION; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY; LARGE-SCALE; ENRICHMENT; SYSTEMS;
   DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPERSIONS; RECOGNITION
AB In this contribution we demonstrate the effective separation of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) species with diameters larger than 1 nm through multistage aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), including isolation at the near-monochiral species level up to at least the diameter range of SWCNTs synthesized by electric arc synthesis (1.3-1.6 nm). We also demonstrate that refined species are readily obtained from both the metallic and semiconducting subpopulations of SWCNTs and that this methodology is effective for multiple SWCNT raw materials. Using these data, we report an empirical function for the necessary surfactant concentrations in the ATPE method for separating different SWCNTs into either the lower or upper phase as a function of SWCNT diameter. This empirical correlation enables predictive separation design and identifies a subset of SWCNTs that behave unusually as compared to other species. These results not only dramatically increase the range of SWCNT diameters to which species selective separation can be achieved but also demonstrate that aqueous two-phase separations can be designed across experimentally accessible ranges of surfactant concentrations to controllably separate SWOT populations of very small (similar to 0.62 nm) to very large diameters (>1.7 nm). Together, the results reported here indicate that total separation of all SWCNT species is likely feasible by the ATPE method, especially given future development of multistage automated extraction techniques.
C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Lam, Stephanie; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Simpson, Jeffrey R.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Haroz, Erik H.; Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Ihly, Rachelle; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Gui, Hui] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov
RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; 
OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan,
   Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554
FU LANL-LDRD program; LANL; Solar Photochemistry Program of the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division
   of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
FX E.H.H. and S.K.D. acknowledge partial support from the LANL-LDRD
   program. E.H.H. also gratefully acknowledges support from the LANL
   Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship. J.L.B. and R.I. graciously
   acknowledge support from the Solar Photochemistry Program of the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division
   of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Contract No.
   DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL.
NR 62
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 15
U2 88
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5377
EP 5390
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01123
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000074
PM 25871430
ER

PT J
AU Akin, C
   Yi, JG
   Feldman, LC
   Durand, C
   Hus, SM
   Li, AP
   Filler, MA
   Shan, JW
AF Akin, Cevat
   Yi, Jingang
   Feldman, Leonard C.
   Durand, Corentin
   Hus, Saban M.
   Li, An-Ping
   Filler, Michael A.
   Shan, Jerry W.
TI Contactless Determination of Electrical Conductivity of One-Dimensional
   Nanomaterials by Solution-Based Electro-orientation Spectroscopy
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE electro-orientation; electrical conductivity measurement; nanowires;
   nanotubes; postgrowth sorting
ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOWIRE; SEPARATION; DEVICES; WIRES
AB Nanowires of the same composition, and even fabricated within the same batch, often exhibit electrical conductivities that can vary by orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, existing electrical characterization methods are time-consuming, making the statistical survey of highly variable samples essentially impractical. Here, we demonstrate a contactless, solution-based method to efficiently measure the electrical conductivity of 1D nanomaterials based on their transient alignment behavior in ac electric fields of different frequencies. Comparison with direct transport measurements by probe-based scanning tunneling microscopy shows that electro-orientation spectroscopy can quantitatively measure nanowire conductivity over a 5-order-of-magnitude range, 10(-5)-1 Omega(-1) m(-1) (corresponding to resistivities in the range 10(2)-10(7) Omega.cm). With this method, we statistically characterize the conductivity of a variety of nanowires and find significant variability in silicon nanowires grown by metal-assisted chemical etching from the same wafer. We also find that the active carrier concentration of n-type silicon nanowires is greatly reduced by surface traps and that surface passivation increases the effective conductivity by an order of magnitude. This simple method makes electrical characterization of insulating and semiconducting 1D nanomaterials far more efficient and accessible to more researchers than current approaches. Electro-orientation spectroscopy also has the potential to be integrated with other solution-based methods for the high-throughput sorting and manipulation of 1D nanomaterials for postgrowth device assembly.
C1 [Akin, Cevat; Yi, Jingang; Shan, Jerry W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Feldman, Leonard C.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Durand, Corentin; Hus, Saban M.; Li, An-Ping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Filler, Michael A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Shan, JW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM jshan@jove.rutgers.edu
RI Hus, Saban/J-3318-2016; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012
OI Hus, Saban/0000-0002-3410-9878; Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493
FU National Science Foundation [CBET 0644719]; Chemical and Biological
   Technologies Department of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA-CB)
   [BA12PHM123]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CBET
   0644719) and by the Chemical and Biological Technologies Department of
   the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA-CB) via grant BA12PHM123 in
   the "Dynamic Multifunctional Materials for a Second Skin D[MS]2" program
   (J.W.S. and CA.). Four-probe STM measurements (CD., S.M.H., and A.-P.L.)
   were conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is
   sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User
   Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of
   Energy.
NR 40
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 24
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5405
EP 5412
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01170
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000076
PM 25941841
ER

PT J
AU Luo, LL
   Yang, H
   Yan, PF
   Travis, JJ
   Lee, Y
   Liu, N
   Piper, DM
   Lee, SH
   Zhao, P
   George, SM
   Zhang, JG
   Cui, Y
   Zhang, SL
   Ban, CM
   Wang, CM
AF Luo, Langli
   Yang, Hui
   Yan, Pengfei
   Travis, Jonathan J.
   Lee, Younghee
   Liu, Nian
   Piper, Daniela Molina
   Lee, Se-Hee
   Zhao, Peng
   George, Steven M.
   Zhang, Ji-Guang
   Cui, Yi
   Zhang, Sulin
   Ban, Chunmei
   Wang, Chong-Min
TI Surface-Coating Regulated Lithiation Kinetics and Degradation in Silicon
   Nanowires for Lithium Ion Battery
SO ACS NANO
LA English
DT Article
DE Silicon nanowire; lithium ion battery; surface coating; in situ TEM
ID ANODE MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIATION; SI NANOPARTICLES; LAYER
   DEPOSITION; CATHODE MATERIAL; COATED SILICON; PERFORMANCE; FRACTURE;
   OXIDE; NANOCOMPOSITE
AB Silicon (Si)-based materials hold promise as the next-generation anodes for high-energy lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Enormous research efforts have been undertaken to mitigate the chemo-mechanical failure due to the large volume changes of Si during lithiation and delithiation cycles. It has been found that nanostructured Si coated with carbon or other functional materials can lead to significantly improved cyclability. However, the underlying mechanism and comparative performance of different coatings remain poorly understood. Herein, using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) through a nanoscale half-cell battery, in combination with chemo-mechanical simulation, we explored the effect of thin (similar to 5 nm) alucone and Al2O3 coatings on the lithiation kinetics of Si nanowires (SiNWs). We observed that the alucone coating leads to a "V-shaped" lithiation front of the SiNWs, while the Al2O3 coating yields an "H-shaped" lithiation front. These observations indicate that the difference between the Li surface diffusivity and bulk lithiation rate of the coatings dictates lithiation induced morphological evolution in the nanowires. Our experiments also indicate that the reaction rate in the coating layer can be the limiting step for lithiation and therefore critically influences the rate performance of the battery. Further, the failure mechanism of the Al2O3 coated SiNWs was also explored. Our studies shed light on the design of high capacity, high rate and long cycle life Li-ion batteries.
C1 [Luo, Langli; Yan, Pengfei; Wang, Chong-Min] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Yang, Hui; Zhao, Peng; Zhang, Sulin] Penn State Univ, Engn Sci & Mech & Bioengn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Travis, Jonathan J.; Lee, Younghee; Piper, Daniela Molina; Lee, Se-Hee; George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Liu, Nian; Cui, Yi] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Zhang, Ji-Guang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Cui, Yi] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Ban, Chunmei] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Zhang, SL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Engn Sci & Mech & Bioengn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM suz10@psu.edu; Chunmei.Ban@nrel.gov; Chongmin.Wang@pnnl.gov
RI Luo, Langli/B-5239-2013; YANG, HUI/H-6996-2012; Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011;
   Zhang, Sulin /E-6457-2010; George, Steven/O-2163-2013; yan,
   pengfei/E-4784-2016
OI YANG, HUI/0000-0002-2628-4676; Luo, Langli/0000-0002-6311-051X; George,
   Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184; yan, pengfei/0000-0001-6387-7502
FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231, 18769, DE-AC-36-08GO28308]
FX This work at PNNL, NREL, and Stanford is supported by the Assistant
   Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle
   Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231, Subcontract No. 18769 and DE-AC-36-08GO28308 under
   the Advanced Batteries Materials Research. The in situ microscopic study
   described in this paper is supported by the
NR 45
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 32
U2 198
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1936-0851
EI 1936-086X
J9 ACS NANO
JI ACS Nano
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 5559
EP 5566
DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01681
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CJ3KR
UT WOS:000355383000093
PM 25893684
ER

PT J
AU Jo, I
   Pettes, MT
   Lindsay, L
   Ou, E
   Weathers, A
   Moore, AL
   Yao, Z
   Shi, L
AF Jo, Insun
   Pettes, Michael T.
   Lindsay, Lucas
   Ou, Eric
   Weathers, Annie
   Moore, Arden L.
   Yao, Zhen
   Shi, Li
TI Reexamination of basal plane thermal conductivity of suspended graphene
   samples measured by electro-thermal micro-bridge methods
SO AIP ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; PHONON TRANSPORT; BORON-NITRIDE; SIO2
AB Thermal transport in suspended graphene samples has been measured in prior works and this work with the use of a suspended electro-thermal micro-bridge method. These measurement results are analyzed here to evaluate and eliminate the errors caused by the extrinsic thermal contact resistance. It is noted that the room-temperature thermal resistance measured in a recent work increases linearly with the suspended length of the single-layer graphene samples synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and that such a feature does not reveal the failure of Fourier's law despite the increase in the reported apparent thermal conductivity with length. The re-analyzed apparent thermal conductivity of a single-layer CVD graphene sample reaches about 1680 +/- 180 W m(-1) K-1 at room temperature, which is close to the highest value reported for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. In comparison, the apparent thermal conductivity values measured for two suspended exfoliated bi-layer graphene samples are about 880 +/- 60 and 730 +/- 60 Wm(-1) K-1 at room temperature, and approach that of the natural graphite source above room temperature. However, the low-temperature thermal conductivities of these suspended graphene samples are still considerably lower than the graphite values, with the peak thermal conductivities shifted to much higher temperatures. Analysis of the thermal conductivity data reveals that the low temperature behavior is dominated by phonon scattering by polymer residue instead of by the lateral boundary. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
C1 [Jo, Insun; Yao, Zhen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Pettes, Michael T.; Ou, Eric; Weathers, Annie; Shi, Li] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Pettes, Michael T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   [Pettes, Michael T.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.
   [Lindsay, Lucas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Moore, Arden L.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ruston, LA 71272 USA.
   [Moore, Arden L.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA.
RP Shi, L (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM lishi@mail.utexas.edu
RI Lindsay, Lucas/C-9221-2012; Shi, Li/C-8123-2013; Moore,
   Arden/G-9227-2014; 
OI Lindsay, Lucas/0000-0001-9645-7993; Shi, Li/0000-0002-5401-6839; Moore,
   Arden/0000-0002-9217-7510; Pettes, Michael/0000-0001-6862-6841
FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Physical
   Behavior of Materials Program [DEFG02-07ER46377]; U. S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials
   Sciences and Engineering Division; National Science Foundation
FX This work is supported primarily by the U. S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences Physical Behavior of Materials Program
   Award No. DEFG02-07ER46377. L.L. acknowledges support from the U. S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division for work done at
   ORNL. A.W. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation
   Graduate Research Fellowship. The authors thank Drs. Xiangfan Xu and
   Baowen Li for sharing their experimental thermal resistance data for CVD
   graphene samples.
NR 49
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 18
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 2158-3226
J9 AIP ADV
JI AIP Adv.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
AR 053206
DI 10.1063/1.4921519
PG 12
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA CJ5XV
UT WOS:000355568100007
ER

PT J
AU Maggi, F
   Riley, WJ
AF Maggi, Federico
   Riley, William J.
TI The effect of temperature on the rate, affinity, and N-15 fractionation
   of NO3 (-) during biological denitrification in soils
SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Denitrification; N-14 and N-15; Kinetic isotopic effects; Affinity;
   Temperature; Arrhenius; Transition-state theory
ID ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; NITROUS-OXIDE; KINETICS; NITRATE; NITRIFICATION;
   REDUCTION; DECOMPOSITION; ENRICHMENT; SUBSTRATE; PATHWAYS
AB Nine independent experiments of NO3 (-) denitrification were analysed using the Arrhenius law and the Eyring's transition-state theory to highlight how temperature affects reaction rate constants, affinities, and kinetic isotopic effects. For temperatures between 20 and 35 A degrees C, the Arrhenius law and the transition-state theory described equally well observed temperature increases in (NO3)-N-14 (-) and (NO3)-N-15 (-)denitrification rates (R > 0.99 and residuals NRMSE < 3.39 %, p < 0.01). These increases were partly caused by an increase in frequency factor and a slight decrease in activation energy (enthalpy and entropy). Parametric analysis also showed that the affinity of (NO3)-N-14 (-) and (NO3)-N-15 (-) toward a microbial enzyme increased exponentially with temperature and a strong correlation with the rate constants was found (R = 0.93, p < 0.01). Experimental time- and temperature-averaged fractionation factor alpha (P/S) showed only a slight increase with increasing temperature (i.e. lower isotopic effects); however, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis in the concentration-temperature domain using average thermodynamic quantities estimated here showed a more complex response; alpha (P/S) was relatively constant for initial bulk concentrations [NO3 (-)](0) a parts per thousand currency sign 0.01 mol kg(-1), while substantial nonlinearities developed for [NO3 (-)](0) a parts per thousand yen 0.01 mol kg(-1) and appeared to be strongly correlated with microbial biomass, whose concentration and activity varied primarily as a function of temperature and available substrate. Values of alpha (P/S) ranging between 0.9 and 0.98 for the tested temperatures suggested that interpretations of environmental isotopic signatures should include a sensitivity analysis to the temperature as this affects directly the rate constants and affinities in biochemical reactions and may hide process- and source-related isotopic effects.
C1 [Maggi, Federico] Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Lab Adv Environm Engn Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
   [Riley, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Dept, Earth Syst Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Maggi, F (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Lab Adv Environm Engn Res, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
EM federico.maggi@sydney.edu.au
RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015
OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304
NR 50
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 41
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-2563
EI 1573-515X
J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
JI Biogeochemistry
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 124
IS 1-3
BP 235
EP 253
DI 10.1007/s10533-015-0095-2
PG 19
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology
GA CJ6RE
UT WOS:000355620200016
ER

PT J
AU Yoon, H
   Leitner, T
AF Yoon, Hyejin
   Leitner, Thomas
TI PrimerDesign-M: a multiple-alignment based multiple-primer design tool
   for walking across variable genomes
SO BIOINFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SOFTWARE; DIMER
AB Analyses of entire viral genomes or mtDNA requires comprehensive design of many primers across their genomes. Furthermore, simultaneous optimization of several DNA primer design criteria may improve overall experimental efficiency and downstream bioinformatic processing. To achieve these goals, we developed PrimerDesign-M. It includes several options for multiple-primer design, allowing researchers to efficiently design walking primers that cover long DNA targets, such as entire HIV-1 genomes, and that optimizes primers simultaneously informed by genetic diversity in multiple alignments and experimental design constraints given by the user. PrimerDesign-M can also design primers that include DNA barcodes and minimize primer dimerization. PrimerDesign-M finds optimal primers for highly variable DNA targets and facilitates design flexibility by suggesting alternative designs to adapt to experimental conditions.
C1 [Yoon, Hyejin; Leitner, Thomas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Leitner, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM seq-info@lanl.gov; tkl@lanl.gov
FU National Institutes of Health - Department of Energy (NIH-DOE)
   [Y1-AI-8309]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01AI087520]
FX This project was funded by a National Institutes of Health - Department
   of Energy (NIH-DOE) interagency agreement [Y1-AI-8309] and National
   Institutes of Health (NIH) [grant R01AI087520].
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 11
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1367-4803
EI 1460-2059
J9 BIOINFORMATICS
JI Bioinformatics
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 9
BP 1472
EP 1474
DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu832
PG 3
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical &
   Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics
GA CJ7HP
UT WOS:000355665800020
PM 25524896
ER

PT J
AU Adebali, O
   Ortega, DR
   Zhulin, IB
AF Adebali, Ogun
   Ortega, Davi R.
   Zhulin, Igor B.
TI CDvist: a webserver for identification and visualization of conserved
   domains in protein sequences
SO BIOINFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION; DATABASE
AB A Summary: Identification of domains in protein sequences allows their assigning to biological functions. Several webservers exist for identification of protein domains using similarity searches against various databases of protein domain models. However, none of them provides comprehensive domain coverage while allowing bulk querying and their visualization schemes can be improved. To address these issues, we developed CDvist (a comprehensive domain visualization tool), which combines the best available search algorithms and databases into a user-friendly framework. First, a given protein sequence is matched to domain models using high-specificity tools and only then unmatched segments are subjected to more sensitive algorithms resulting in a best possible comprehensive coverage. Bulk querying and rich visualization and download options provide improved functionality to domain architecture analysis.
C1 [Adebali, Ogun; Ortega, Davi R.; Zhulin, Igor B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37861 USA.
   [Adebali, Ogun; Ortega, Davi R.; Zhulin, Igor B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Adebali, O (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37861 USA.
EM oadebali@vols.utk.edu; ijouline@utk.edu
RI Adebali, Ogun/N-4159-2016
OI Adebali, Ogun/0000-0001-9213-4070
FU NIH [GM072285]; UT-ORNL Graduate Program of Genome Science and
   Technology
FX NIH GM072285 (to I.B.Z.). O.A. UT-ORNL Graduate Program of Genome
   Science and Technology (to O.A.).
NR 15
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1367-4803
EI 1460-2059
J9 BIOINFORMATICS
JI Bioinformatics
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 9
BP 1475
EP 1477
DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu836
PG 3
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical &
   Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics
GA CJ7HP
UT WOS:000355665800021
PM 25527097
ER

PT J
AU Cervini-Silva, J
   Antonio-Nieto-Camacho
   Ramirez-Apan, MT
   Gomez-Vidales, V
   Palacios, E
   Montoya, A
   de Jesus, ER
AF Cervini-Silva, Javiera
   Antonio-Nieto-Camacho
   Teresa Ramirez-Apan, Maria
   Gomez-Vidales, Virginia
   Palacios, Eduardo
   Montoya, Ascencion
   Ronquillo de Jesus, Elba
TI Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxic activity of fibrous
   clays
SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
DE Early anti-inflammatory response; Frequency of inversion sites; Silanol
   groups
ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; POWDER DIFFRACTION; MOUSE EAR; MAYA BLUE;
   SEPIOLITE; PALYGORSKITE; EFFICACY; HALLOYSITE; AGENTS; INDIGO
AB Produced worldwide at 1.2 m tons per year, fibrous clays are used in the production of pet litter, animal feed stuff to roof parcels, construction and rheological additives, and other applications needing to replace long-fiber length asbestos. To the authors' knowledge, however, information on the beneficial effects of fibrous clays on health remains scarce. This paper reports on the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity by sepiolite (Vallecas, Spain) and palygorskite (Torrejon El Rubio, Spain). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) methods. Histological cuts were obtained for quantifying leukocytes found in the epidermis. Palygorkite and sepiolite caused edema inhibition and migration of neutrophils ca. 68.64 and 45.54%, and 80 and 65%, respectively. Fibrous clays yielded high rates of infiltration, explained by cleavage of polysomes and exposure of silanol groups. Also, fibrous clays showed high inhibition of myeloperoxidase contents shortly after exposure, but decreased sharply afterwards. In contrast, tubular clays caused an increasing inhibition of myeloperoxidase with time. Thus, clay structure restricted the kinetics and mechanism of myeloperoxidase inhibition. Fibrous clays were screened in vitro against human cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity was determined using the protein-binding dye sulforhodamine B (SRB). Exposing cancer human cells to sepiolite or palygorskite showed growth inhibition varying with cell line. This study shows that fibrous clays served as an effective anti-inflammatory, limited by chemical transfer and cellular-level signals responding exclusively to an early exposure to clay, and cell viability decreasing significantly only after exposure to high concentrations of sepiolite. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cervini-Silva, Javiera; Ronquillo de Jesus, Elba] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Proc & Tecnol, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, DF, Mexico.
   [Cervini-Silva, Javiera] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Cervini-Silva, Javiera] NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Mountain View, CA USA.
   [Antonio-Nieto-Camacho; Teresa Ramirez-Apan, Maria] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Lab Pruebas Biol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
   [Gomez-Vidales, Virginia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Lab Resonancia Paramagnet Elect, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
   [Palacios, Eduardo; Montoya, Ascencion] Inst Mexicano Petr, Direcc Invest & Posgrad, Ciuadad Mexico, DF, Mexico.
RP Cervini-Silva, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Dept Proc & Tecnol, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Mexico City 05348, DF, Mexico.
EM jcervini@correo.cua.uam.mx
FU Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa [33678]
FX The authors thank Maria del Rocio Galindo Ortega and Carolina Lopez
   Pacheco (UAM-Cuajimalpa), and Daniela Rodriguez Montano (Unidad de
   Histologia, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, UNAM) for technical
   assistance; and Drs. Georgios D. Chyssikos (Theoretical and Physical
   Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens,
   11635, Greece), Vassilis Gionis (Institute of Materials Science,
   N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", 15310, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece); and
   Stephan Kaufhold (BGR Bundensansaltfur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,
   Hannover, Germany) for providing insightful comments during the
   preparation of this manuscript. This project was supported in part by
   Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa (Grant No. 33678).
NR 35
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 7
U2 36
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0927-7765
EI 1873-4367
J9 COLLOID SURFACE B
JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 129
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.019
PG 6
WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials
SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science
GA CJ3AQ
UT WOS:000355356200001
PM 25819359
ER

PT J
AU Romero, N
   Nozick, LK
   Dobson, I
   Xu, NX
   Jones, DA
AF Romero, Natalia
   Nozick, Linda K.
   Dobson, Ian
   Xu, Ningxiong
   Jones, Dean A.
TI Seismic Retrofit for Electric Power Systems
SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION; STRATEGY
AB This paper develops a two-stage stochastic program and solution procedure to optimize the selection of seismic retrofit strategies to increase the resilience of electric power systems against earthquake hazards. The model explicitly considers the range of earthquake events that are possible and, for each, an approximation of the distribution of damage experienced. This is important because electric power systems are spatially distributed and so their performance is driven by the distribution of component damage. We test this solution procedure against the nonlinear integer solver in LINGO 13 and apply the formulation and solution strategy to the Eastern Interconnection, where seismic hazard stems from the New Madrid seismic zone.
C1 [Romero, Natalia; Nozick, Linda K.; Xu, Ningxiong] Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Dobson, Ian] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA USA.
   [Jones, Dean A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Romero, N (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
OI Dobson, Ian/0000-0001-7018-5475
FU DOE [DE-SC0002283]
FX Ian Dobson gratefully acknowledges funding in part from DOE grant
   DE-SC0002283.
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST
PI OAKLAND
PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA
SN 8755-2930
EI 1944-8201
J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA
JI Earthq. Spectra
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 2
BP 1157
EP 1176
DI 10.1193/052112EQS193M
PG 20
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological
SC Engineering
GA CJ6AS
UT WOS:000355576000024
ER

PT J
AU McGraw, G
   Camp, LJ
AF McGraw, Gary
   Camp, L. Jean
TI Silver Bullet Talks with L. Jean Camp
SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Interviews; Privacy; Computer security; Security; Cloud computing;
   Informatics; security; Silver Bullet; technical trust mechanisms; L;
   Jean Camp; Indiana University; economics
C1 [McGraw, Gary] Cigital, Dulles, VA 20166 USA.
   [Camp, L. Jean] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat & Comp, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.
   [Camp, L. Jean] US DOE, Sandia Natl Labs, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
   [Camp, L. Jean] Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP McGraw, G (reprint author), Cigital, Dulles, VA 20166 USA.
EM gem@cigital.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1540-7993
EI 1558-4046
J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV
JI IEEE Secur. Priv.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 13
IS 3
BP 5
EP 7
DI 10.1109/MSP.2015.55
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA CK1XI
UT WOS:000356002100002
ER

PT J
AU Futscher, BW
   Munoz-Rodriguez, JL
   Stampfer, MR
   Vrba, L
AF Futscher, Bernard W.
   Munoz-Rodriguez, Jose L.
   Stampfer, Martha R.
   Vrba, Lukas
TI Frequent Aberrant DNA Methylation of miRNA Gene Promoters in Human
   Breast Cancer
SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 [Futscher, Bernard W.; Munoz-Rodriguez, Jose L.; Stampfer, Martha R.; Vrba, Lukas] Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Futscher, Bernard W.; Munoz-Rodriguez, Jose L.] Univ Arizona, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Stampfer, Martha R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM bfutscher@azcc.arizona.edu
RI Vrba, Lukas/J-9268-2015
OI Vrba, Lukas/0000-0003-3042-6275
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1071-2690
EI 1543-706X
J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN
JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 51
SU 1
MA A-9
BP S8
EP S8
PG 1
WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
GA CJ6HF
UT WOS:000355594000018
ER

PT J
AU Mondy, L
   Mrozek, R
   Rao, R
   Lenhart, J
   Bieg, L
   Spangler, S
   Stavig, M
   Schroeder, J
   Winter, M
   Diantonio, C
   Collins, R
AF Mondy, L.
   Mrozek, R.
   Rao, R.
   Lenhart, J.
   Bieg, L.
   Spangler, S.
   Stavig, M.
   Schroeder, J.
   Winter, M.
   Diantonio, C.
   Collins, R.
TI Multilayer Coextrusion of Polymer Composites to Develop Organic
   Capacitors
SO INTERNATIONAL POLYMER PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLTEN POLYMERS; FLOW; CONDUCTIVITY; INSTABILITIES; SUSPENSIONS;
   STABILITY; EXTRUSION; MECHANISM; VISCOSITY; LAYERS
AB Multilayer coextrusion is applied to produce a tape containing layers of alternating electrical properties to demonstrate the potential for using coextrusion to manufacture capacitors. To obtain the desired properties, we develop two filled polymer systems, one for conductive layers and one for dielectric layers. We describe numerical models used to help determine the material and processing parameters that impact processing and layer stability. These models help quantify the critical ratios of densities and viscosities of the two layers to maintain stable layers, as well as the effect of increasing the flow rate of one of the two materials. The conducting polymer is based on polystyrene filled with a blend of low-melting-point eutectic metal and nickel particulate filler, as described by Mrozek et al. (2010). The appropriate concentrations of fillers are determined by balancing measured conductivity with processability in a twin screw extruder. Based on results of the numerical models and estimates of the viscosity of emulsions and suspensions, a dielectric layer composed of polystyrene filled with barium titanate is formulated. Despite the fact that the density of the dielectric filler is less than the metallic filler of the conductive phase, as well as rheological measurements that later showed that the dielectric formulation is not an ideal match to the viscosity of the conductive material, the two materials can be successfully coextruded if the flow rates of the two materials are not identical. A measurable capacitance of the layered structure is obtained.
C1 [Mondy, L.; Rao, R.; Bieg, L.; Spangler, S.; Stavig, M.; Schroeder, J.; Winter, M.; Diantonio, C.; Collins, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA.
   [Mrozek, R.; Lenhart, J.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD USA.
RP Mondy, L (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87122 USA.
EM lamondy@sandia.gov
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National
   Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Thanks go to Adam Lester for dielectric measurements. Phil Cole and his
   graduate work at the University of Minnesota were the inspiration for
   the project. Thanks to Randy Schunk, Chris Pommer, Eric Vandre, Larry
   Musson and Scott Roberts for useful discussions on linear stability
   analysis. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research
   and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National
   Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by
   Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
   Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 48
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 18
PU CARL HANSER VERLAG
PI MUNICH
PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY
SN 0930-777X
J9 INT POLYM PROC
JI Int. Polym. Process.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 30
IS 2
BP 182
EP 193
DI 10.3139/217.2872
PG 12
WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science
SC Engineering; Polymer Science
GA CK0XR
UT WOS:000355929500001
ER

PT J
AU Krapivsky, PL
   Ben-Naim, E
AF Krapivsky, P. L.
   Ben-Naim, E.
TI Irreversible reactions and diffusive escape: stationary properties
SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE exact results; stochastic particle dynamics (theory); diffusion-limited
   aggregation (theory); fluctuations (theory)
ID AGGREGATION ANNIHILATION PROCESSES; DIMENSIONAL POTTS-MODEL;
   RANDOM-WALKS; SYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; STATISTICS; EXPONENTS
AB We study three basic diffusion-controlled reaction processes-annihilation, coalescence, and aggregation. We examine the evolution starting with the most natural inhomogeneous initial configuration where a half-line is uniformly filled by particles, while the complementary half-line is empty. We show that the total number of particles that infiltrate the initially empty half-line is finite and has a stationary distribution. We determine the evolution of the average density from which we derive the average total number N of particles in the initially empty half-line; e.g. for annihilation [N] = 3/16 + 1/4 pi. For the coalescence process, we devise a procedure that in principle allows one to compute P(N), the probability to find exactly N particles in the initially empty half-line; we complete the calculations in the first non-trivial case (N = 1). As a by-product we derive the distance distribution between the two leading particles.
C1 [Krapivsky, P. L.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   [Ben-Naim, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Ben-Naim, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Krapivsky, PL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM paulk@bu.edu
RI Ben-Naim, Eli/C-7542-2009; Krapivsky, Pavel/A-4612-2014
OI Ben-Naim, Eli/0000-0002-2444-7304; 
FU US-DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We acknowledge support from US-DOE grant DE-AC52-06NA25396 (EB).
NR 53
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1742-5468
J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E
JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp.
PD MAY
PY 2015
AR P05003
DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2015/05/P05003
PG 20
WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA CJ6FG
UT WOS:000355588600003
ER

PT J
AU Kim, KH
   Tappero, R
   Bolotinikov, AE
   Hossain, A
   Yang, G
   James, RB
   Fochuk, P
AF Kim, K. H.
   Tappero, R.
   Bolotinikov, A. E.
   Hossain, A.
   Yang, G.
   James, R. B.
   Fochuk, P.
TI Long-term stability of ammonium-sulfide- and
   ammonium-fluoride-passivated CdMnTe detectors
SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE CdMnTe; Passivation; Stability; Ammonium sulfide; Ammonium fluoride
ID SURFACE PASSIVATION; CDZNTE; CRYSTALS
AB We evaluated the long-term stability of CdMnTe (CMT) detectors treated with ammonium-saltbased passivants. Passivation improved the detector's stability and reduced the degradation of its energy resolution with time. Here, we stored passivated 5 x 5 x 9 mm(3) CMT detectors in an ambient environment for 550 days and evaluated the effects of aging by measuring their pulse-height spectra over time. The CMT detector passivated with ammonium fluoride exhibited a higher leakage current after 550 days, and its performance was degraded accordingly. Our analyses of the leakage current for a pixelated CMT detector revealed that the edges and the corners of the detector were responsible for the higher leakage, which resulted from a degradation of the passivation layer in those areas. Assurance of the long-term stability and reproducibility of the detector necessitates that the edges and the corners be mechanically passivated following chemical treatment.
C1 [Kim, K. H.] Korea Univ, Dept Radiol Sci, Seoul 136703, South Korea.
   [Tappero, R.; Bolotinikov, A. E.; Hossain, A.; Yang, G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Fochuk, P.] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine.
RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Radiol Sci, Seoul 136703, South Korea.
EM khkim1@korea.ac.kr
RI Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016
OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882
FU Korea University [K1427221]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research and Development(DNN RD)
FX This work was supported by a grant from Korea University (K1427221) and
   by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Defense Nuclear
   Nonproliferation Research and Development(DNN R&D).
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 5
PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI SEOUL
PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA
SN 0374-4884
EI 1976-8524
J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC
JI J. Korean Phys. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 66
IS 10
BP 1532
EP 1536
DI 10.3938/jkps.66.1532
PG 5
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CJ8JW
UT WOS:000355747300015
ER

PT J
AU Frye, CD
   Kucheyev, SO
   Edgar, JH
   Voss, LF
   Conway, AM
   Shao, QH
   Nikolic, RJ
AF Frye, Clint D.
   Kucheyev, Sergei O.
   Edgar, James H.
   Voss, Lars F.
   Conway, Adam M.
   Shao, Qinghui
   Nikolic, Rebecca J.
TI Sintered Cr/Pt and Ni/Au ohmic contacts to B12P2
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
ID P-TYPE GAN; BORON-RICH SOLIDS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PHASE-DIAGRAM;
   GROWTH; PHOSPHIDE; FILMS; CRYSTALS; B12AS2; SYSTEM
AB Icosahedral boron phosphide (B12P2) is a wide-bandgap semiconductor possessing interesting properties such as high hardness, chemical inertness, and the reported ability to self-heal from irradiation by high energy electrons. Here, the authors developed Cr/Pt and Ni/Au ohmic contacts to epitaxially grown B12P2 for materials characterization and electronic device development. Cr/Pt contacts became ohmic after annealing at 700 degrees C for 30 s with a specific contact resistance of 2 x 10(-4) Omega cm(2), as measured by the linear transfer length method. Ni/Au contacts were ohmic prior to any annealing, and their minimum specific contact resistance was similar to l-4 x 10(-4) Omega cm(2) after annealing over the temperature range of 500-800 degrees C. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry revealed a strong reaction and intermixing between Cr/Pt and B12P2 at 700 degrees C and a reaction layer between Ni and B12P2 thinner than similar to 25 nm at 500 degrees C. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.
C1 [Frye, Clint D.; Kucheyev, Sergei O.; Voss, Lars F.; Conway, Adam M.; Shao, Qinghui; Nikolic, Rebecca J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Frye, Clint D.; Edgar, James H.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Frye, CD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM frye6@llnl.gov; nikolic1@llnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-666166]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office
   of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0005156]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract Nos.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344 and LLNL-JRNL-666166. Material growth was supported by
   the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under
   Award No. DE-SC0005156.
NR 37
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 12
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
EI 1520-8559
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 031101
DI 10.1116/1.4917010
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA CJ8HW
UT WOS:000355741800002
ER

PT J
AU Mamun, MAA
   Elmustafa, AA
   Taus, R
   Forman, E
   Poelker, M
AF Mamun, Md Abdullah A.
   Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A.
   Taus, Rhys
   Forman, Eric
   Poelker, Matthew
TI TiN coated aluminum electrodes for DC high voltage electron guns
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
ID WORK FUNCTION; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; VACUUM
AB Preparing electrodes made of metals like stainless steel, for use inside DC high voltage electron guns, is a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. In this paper, the authors report the exceptional high voltage performance of aluminum electrodes coated with hard titanium nitride (TiN). The aluminum electrodes were comparatively easy to manufacture and required only hours of mechanical polishing using silicon carbide paper, prior to coating with TiN by a commercial vendor. The high voltage performance of three TiN-coated aluminum electrodes, before and after gas conditioning with helium, was compared to that of bare aluminum electrodes, and electrodes manufactured from titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). Following gas conditioning, each TiN-coated aluminum electrode reached -225 kV bias voltage while generating less than 100 pA of field emission (<10 pA) using a 40mm cathode/anode gap, corresponding to field strength of 13.7 MV/m. Smaller gaps were studied to evaluate electrode performance at higher field strength with the best performing TiN-coated aluminum electrode reaching similar to 22.5 MV/m with field emission less than 100 pA. These results were comparable to those obtained from our best-performing electrodes manufactured from stainless steel, titanium alloy and niobium, as reported in references cited below. The TiN coating provided a very smooth surface and with mechanical properties of the coating (hardness and modulus) superior to those of stainless steel, titanium-alloy, and niobium electrodes. These features likely contributed to the improved high voltage performance of the TiN-coated aluminum electrodes. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.
C1 [Mamun, Md Abdullah A.; Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
   [Mamun, Md Abdullah A.; Elmustafa, Abdelmageed A.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
   [Taus, Rhys] Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA.
   [Forman, Eric; Poelker, Matthew] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Mamun, MAA (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.
EM aelmusta@odu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Nuclear
   Physics [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; Jefferson Science Associates under U.S. DOE
   [DE-AC05-84ER40150]; DOE Office of High Energy Physics; Americas Region
   ILC RD Program
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Nuclear Physics under Contract
   No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. This work is authored by Jefferson Science
   Associates under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-84ER40150 and funded from
   the DOE Office of High Energy Physics and the Americas Region ILC R&D
   Program. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up,
   irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript
   for U.S. Government purposes.
NR 38
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 12
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
EI 1520-8559
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 031604
DI 10.1116/1.4916574
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA CJ8HW
UT WOS:000355741800030
ER

PT J
AU Nelson, AJ
   Grant, WK
   Stanford, JA
   Siekhaus, WJ
   Allen, PG
   McLean, W
AF Nelson, Art J.
   Grant, William K.
   Stanford, Jeff A.
   Siekhaus, Wigbert J.
   Allen, Patrick G.
   McLean, William
TI X-ray excited Auger transitions of Pu compounds
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; PLUTONIUM; PHOTOEMISSION; PARAMETER; TRENDS;
   OXIDES; XPS
AB X-ray excited Pu core-valence-valence and core-core-valence Auger line-shapes were used in combination with the Pu 4f photoelectron peaks to characterize differences in the oxidation state and local electronic structure for Pu compounds. The evolution of the Pu 4f core-level chemical shift as a function of sputtering depth profiling and hydrogen exposure at ambient temperature was quantified. The combination of the core-valence-valence Auger peak energies with the associated chemical shift of the Pu 4f photoelectron line defines the Auger parameter and results in a reliable method for definitively determining oxidation states independent of binding energy calibration. Results show that PuO2, Pu2O3, PuH2.7, and Pu have definitive Auger line-shapes. These data were used to produce a chemical state (Wagner) plot for select plutonium oxides. This Wagner plot allowed us to distinguish between the trivalent hydride and the trivalent oxide, which cannot be differentiated by the Pu 4f binding energy alone.
C1 [Nelson, Art J.; Grant, William K.; Stanford, Jeff A.; Siekhaus, Wigbert J.; Allen, Patrick G.; McLean, William] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM nelson63@llnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 22
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
EI 1520-8559
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 031401
DI 10.1116/1.4913886
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA CJ8HW
UT WOS:000355741800010
ER

PT J
AU Tobin, JG
   Booth, CH
   Siekhaus, W
   Shuh, DK
AF Tobin, J. G.
   Booth, C. H.
   Siekhaus, W.
   Shuh, D. K.
TI EXAFS investigation of UF4
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PLUTONIUM INTERMETALLICS; 5F ORBITALS;
   URANIUM; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA
C1 [Tobin, J. G.; Siekhaus, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Booth, C. H.; Shuh, D. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), LBNL, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM tobin1@llnl.gov
RI Tobin, James/O-6953-2015
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Division of
   Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department
   of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, National
   Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore
   National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National
   Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.
   Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (C.H.B. and D.K.S.) was
   supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences (OBES), Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
   Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The XANES and EXAFS data were collected at BL-11-2 at
   SSRL. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource is a national user
   facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the DOE, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences. The UF<INF>4</INF> sample was originally prepared
   at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and provided to LLNL by J. S. Morrell
   of Y12.<SUP>4</SUP> The images in Fig. 1 are from Wikipedia,
   specifically File: Kristallstruktur Uran(IV)-fluorid. png and Cadmium at
   en. wikipedia. JGT wishes to thank (1) Glenn Fox and the PRT Program at
   LLNL for support during his sabbatical at LBNL; (2) D.K.S. for his
   hosting of the sabbatical at GTSC/LBNL; and (3) C.H.B. for the
   opportunity to learn new hard x-ray skills and collect data in the
   middle of the night again. The authors thank Eric D. Bauer and Mark T.
   Paffett of LANL for making the UO<INF>2</INF> sample available to us.
NR 29
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PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 0734-2101
EI 1520-8559
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 033001
DI 10.1116/1.4915893
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA CJ8HW
UT WOS:000355741800032
ER

PT J
AU Jaing, CJ
   Thissen, JB
   Gardner, SN
   McLoughlin, KS
   Hullinger, PJ
   Monday, NA
   Niederwerder, MC
   Rowland, RRR
AF Jaing, Crystal J.
   Thissen, James B.
   Gardner, Shea N.
   McLoughlin, Kevin S.
   Hullinger, Pam J.
   Monday, Nicholas A.
   Niederwerder, Megan C.
   Rowland, Raymond R. R.
TI Application of a pathogen microarray for the analysis of viruses and
   bacteria in clinical diagnostic samples from pigs
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Bacteria; diagnostics; disease; microarray; microbial; pathogen; pigs;
   virus
ID RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME-VIRUS; PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE-2; ORAL FLUID
   SPECIMENS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; SWINE; INFECTION;
   SURVEILLANCE; PROBABILITY
AB Many of the disease syndromes challenging the commercial swine industry involve the analysis of complex problems caused by polymicrobial, emerging or reemerging, and transboundary pathogens. This study investigated the utility of the Lawrence Livermore Microbial Detection Array (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California), designed to detect 8,101 species of microbes, in the evaluation of known and unknown microbes in serum, oral fluid, and tonsil from pigs experimentally coinfected with Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2). The array easily identified PRRSV and PCV-2, but at decreased sensitivities compared to standard polymerase chain reaction detection methods. The oral fluid sample was the most informative, possessing additional signatures for several swine-associated bacteria, including Streptococcus sp., Clostridium sp., and Staphylococcus sp.
C1 [Jaing, Crystal J.; Thissen, James B.; Hullinger, Pam J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Gardner, Shea N.; McLoughlin, Kevin S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Monday, Nicholas A.; Niederwerder, Megan C.; Rowland, Raymond R. R.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
RP Jaing, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mailstop L-452, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM jaing2@llnl.gov
FU Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Derived Research and Development effort
   [14ERD081]; United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore
   National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; State of Kansas National Bio
   and Agro-Defense Facility Fund; USDA NIFA [2013-68004-20362]
FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for
   the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This
   research was partially supported by the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
   Derived Research and Development effort (14ERD081). This study was
   performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy
   by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
   DE-AC52-07NA27344. This research was partially supported by the State of
   Kansas National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility Fund and USDA NIFA Award
   2013-68004-20362, Genetically Improving Resistance of Pigs to PRRS Virus
   Infections.
NR 33
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PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 1040-6387
EI 1943-4936
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 27
IS 3
BP 313
EP 325
DI 10.1177/1040638715578484
PG 13
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA CJ7RH
UT WOS:000355695500007
PM 25855363
ER

PT J
AU Nemmen, RS
   Tchekhovskoy, A
AF Nemmen, Rodrigo S.
   Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
TI On the efficiency of jet production in radio galaxies
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; galaxies: active;
   galaxies: jets; X-rays: galaxies
ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLE SPIN; RADIATIVELY INEFFICIENT
   ACCRETION; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; BLANDFORD-ZNAJEK PROCESS;
   RELATIVISTIC JETS; SAGITTARIUS-A; ELECTROMAGNETIC EXTRACTION;
   OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS
AB The mechanisms that produce and power relativistic jets are fundamental open questions in black hole (BH) astrophysics. In order to constrain these mechanisms, we analyse the energy efficiency of jet production eta based on archival Chandra observations of 27 nearby, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. We obtain eta as the ratio of the jet power, inferred from the energetics of jet powered X-ray emitting cavities, to the BH mass accretion rate. (M) over dot(BH). The standard assumption in estimating (M) over dot(BH) is that all the gas from the Bondi radius r(B) makes it down to the BH. It is now clear, however, that only a small fraction of the gas reaches the hole. To account for this effect, we use the standard disc mass-loss scaling, (M) over dot (r) alpha (r/r(B))(s) (M) over dot(Bondi). This leads to much lower values of (M) over dot(BH) and higher values of eta than in previous studies. If hot accretion flows are characterized by 0.5 <= s <= 0.6 - on the lower end of recent theoretical and observational studies - then dynamically important magnetic fields near rapidly spinning BHs are necessary to account for the high eta approximate to 100-300 per cent in the sample. Moreover, values of s > 0.6 are essentially ruled out, or there would be insufficient energy to power the jets. We discuss the implications of our results for the distribution of massive BH spins and the possible impact of a significant extra cold gas supply on our estimates.
C1 [Nemmen, Rodrigo S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
   [Nemmen, Rodrigo S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Nemmen, Rodrigo S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
   [Nemmen, Rodrigo S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, CRESST, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
   [Tchekhovskoy, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Tchekhovskoy, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Tchekhovskoy, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Nemmen, RS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
EM rodrigo.nemmen@iag.usp.br
FU NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA
   [NNH10ZDA001N, NAS8-03060]; FAPESP; NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral
   Fellowship - Chandra X-ray Center [PF3-140115]
FX We acknowledge useful discussions with Mihoko Yukita, Ka-Wah Wong,
   Aleksander Sadowski, Helen Russell, Jonathan C. McKinney, Jeremy
   Schnittman, Markos Georganopoulos, Ramesh Narayan, Jeff McClintock, Feng
   Yuan and Sylvain Guiriec. RSN was partially supported by the NASA
   Postdoctoral Program (NPP) at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered
   by Oak Ridge Associated Universities with NASA, as well as the NASA
   grant NNH10ZDA001N and FAPESP. AT was supported by NASA through Einstein
   Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF3-140115 awarded by the Chandra
   X-ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical
   Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060, and NASA support via
   High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced
   Super-computing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center that provided
   access to the Pleiades supercomputer, as well as NSF support through an
   XSEDE computational time allocation TG-AST100040 on NICS Kraken,
   Nautilus, TACC Stampede, Maverick and Ranch. This project made
   considerable use of IPYTHON (Perez & Granger 2007) and the ASTROPY and
   MCERP libraries.
NR 114
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
EI 1365-2966
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 449
IS 1
BP 316
EP 327
DI 10.1093/mnras/stv260
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CJ2WO
UT WOS:000355345600024
ER

PT J
AU Fernandez, R
   Quataert, E
   Schwab, J
   Kasen, D
   Rosswog, S
AF Fernandez, Rodrigo
   Quataert, Eliot
   Schwab, Josiah
   Kasen, Daniel
   Rosswog, Stephan
TI The interplay of disc wind and dynamical ejecta in the aftermath of
   neutron star-black hole mergers
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE accretion, accretion discs; dense matter; gravitational waves;
   hydrodynamics; neutrinos; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances
ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; COMPACT OBJECT MERGERS; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS;
   CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; COOLED ACCRETION DISKS; EQUATION-OF-STATE;
   BINARY MERGERS; FALLBACK ACCRETION; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; DRIVEN WINDS
AB We explore the evolution of the different ejecta components generated during the merger of a neutron star and a black hole. Our focus is the interplay between material ejected dynamically during the merger, and the wind launched on a viscous time-scale by the remnant accretion disc. These components are expected to contribute to an electromagnetic transient and to produce r-process elements, each with a different signature when considered separately. Here we introduce a two-step approach to investigate their combined evolution, using two-and three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. Starting from the output of a merger simulation, we identify each component in the initial condition based on its phase-space distribution, and evolve the accretion disc in axisymmetry. The wind blown from this disc is injected into a three-dimensional computational domain where the dynamical ejecta is evolved. We find that the wind can suppress fallback accretion on time-scales longer than similar to 100 ms. Because of self-similar viscous evolution, the disc accretion at late times nevertheless approaches a power-law time dependence alpha t(-2.2). This can power some late-time gamma-ray burst engine activity, although the available energy is significantly less than in traditional fallback models. Inclusion of radioactive heating due to the r-process does not significantly affect the fallback accretion rate or the disc wind. We do not find any significant modification to the wind properties at large radius due to interaction with the dynamical ejecta. This is a consequence of the different expansion velocities of the two components.
C1 [Fernandez, Rodrigo; Schwab, Josiah; Kasen, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Fernandez, Rodrigo; Quataert, Eliot; Schwab, Josiah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Fernandez, Rodrigo; Quataert, Eliot; Schwab, Josiah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kasen, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Rosswog, Stephan] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
RP Fernandez, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM rafernan@berkeley.edu
FU University of California Office of the President; NSF [AST-1206097];
   David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Simons Investigator Award from the
   Simons Foundation; National Science Foundation Graduate Research
   Fellowship Program [DGE 1106400]; Department of Energy Office of Nuclear
   Physics Early Career Award; Office of Energy Research, Office of High
   Energy and Nuclear Physics, Divisions of Nuclear Physics, of the US
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [RO-3399, AOBJ-584282]; Swedish Research
   Council (VR) [621-2012-4870]; Office of Science of the US Department of
   Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We thank Brian Metzger, Frank Timmes, and the anonymous referee for
   constructive comments that improved the paper. RF acknowledges support
   from the University of California Office of the President, and from NSF
   grant AST-1206097. EQ was supported by NSF grant AST-1206097, the David
   and Lucile Packard Foundation, and a Simons Investigator Award from the
   Simons Foundation. JS is supported by the National Science Foundation
   Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE 1106400. DK was
   supported in part by a Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics
   Early Career Award, and by the Director, Office of Energy Research,
   Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Divisions of Nuclear Physics,
   of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. SR
   was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under grant
   RO-3399, AOBJ-584282 and by the Swedish Research Council (VR) under
   grant 621-2012-4870. The software used in this work was in part
   developed by the DOE NNSA-ASC OASCR Flash Center at the University of
   Chicago. This research used resources of the National Energy Research
   Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of
   Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. Computations were performed at Carver and Hopper
   (repos m1186, m1896, and m2058).
NR 58
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
EI 1365-2966
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 449
IS 1
BP 390
EP 402
DI 10.1093/mnras/stv238
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CJ2WO
UT WOS:000355345600028
ER

PT J
AU Balbinot, E
   Santiago, BX
   Girardi, L
   Pieres, A
   da Costa, LN
   Maia, MAG
   Gruendl, RA
   Walker, AR
   Yanny, B
   Drlica-Wagner, A
   Benoit-Levy, A
   Abbott, TMC
   Allam, SS
   Annis, J
   Bernstein, JP
   Bernstein, RA
   Bertin, E
   Brooks, D
   Buckley-Geer, E
   Rosell, AC
   Cunha, CE
   Depoy, DL
   Desai, S
   Diehl, HT
   Doel, P
   Estrada, J
   Evrard, AE
   Neto, AF
   Finley, DA
   Flaugher, B
   Frieman, JA
   Gruen, D
   Honscheid, K
   James, D
   Kuehn, K
   Kuropatkin, N
   Lahav, O
   March, M
   Marshall, JL
   Miller, C
   Miquel, R
   Ogando, R
   Peoples, J
   Plazas, A
   Scarpine, V
   Schubnell, M
   Sevilla-Noarbe, I
   Smith, RC
   Soares-Santos, M
   Suchyta, E
   Swanson, MEC
   Tarle, G
   Tucker, DL
   Wechsler, R
   Zuntz, J
AF Balbinot, Eduardo
   Santiago, B. X.
   Girardi, L.
   Pieres, A.
   da Costa, L. N.
   Maia, M. A. G.
   Gruendl, R. A.
   Walker, A. R.
   Yanny, B.
   Drlica-Wagner, A.
   Benoit-Levy, A.
   Abbott, T. M. C.
   Allam, S. S.
   Annis, J.
   Bernstein, J. P.
   Bernstein, R. A.
   Bertin, E.
   Brooks, D.
   Buckley-Geer, E.
   Rosell, A. Carnero
   Cunha, C. E.
   Depoy, D. L.
   Desai, S.
   Diehl, H. T.
   Doel, P.
   Estrada, J.
   Evrard, A. E.
   Fausti Neto, A.
   Finley, D. A.
   Flaugher, B.
   Frieman, J. A.
   Gruen, D.
   Honscheid, K.
   James, D.
   Kuehn, K.
   Kuropatkin, N.
   Lahav, O.
   March, M.
   Marshall, J. L.
   Miller, C.
   Miquel, R.
   Ogando, R.
   Peoples, J.
   Plazas, A.
   Scarpine, V.
   Schubnell, M.
   Sevilla-Noarbe, I.
   Smith, R. C.
   Soares-Santos, M.
   Suchyta, E.
   Swanson, M. E. C.
   Tarle, G.
   Tucker, D. L.
   Wechsler, R.
   Zuntz, J.
TI The LMC geometry and outer stellar populations from early DES data
SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE stars: statistics; Magellanic Clouds; galaxies: stellar content
ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; DARK ENERGY SURVEY;
   ALL-SKY SURVEY; LOCAL GROUP; DWARF GALAXIES; MASS FUNCTION; WIDE-FIELD;
   MILKY-WAY; DISK
AB The Dark Energy Camera has captured a large set of images as part of Science Verification (SV) for the Dark Energy Survey (DES). The SV footprint covers a large portion of the outer Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), providing photometry 1.5 mag fainter than the main sequence turn-off of the oldest LMC stellar population. We derive geometrical and structural parameters for various stellar populations in the LMC disc. For the distribution of all LMC stars, we find an inclination of i = -38 degrees.14 +/- 0 degrees.08 (near side in the north) and a position angle for the line of nodes of theta(0) = 129 degrees.51 +/- 0 degrees.17. We find that stars younger than similar to 4 Gyr are more centrally concentrated than older stars. Fitting a projected exponential disc shows that the scale radius of the old populations is R->4Gyr = 1.41 +/- 0.01 kpc, while the younger population has R-<4Gyr = 0.72 +/- 0.01 kpc. However, the spatial distribution of the younger population deviates significantly from the projected exponential disc model. The distribution of old stars suggests a large truncation radius of R-t = 13.5 +/- 0.8 kpc. If this truncation is dominated by the tidal field of the Galaxy, we find that the LMC is similar or equal to 24(-6)(+9) times less massive than the encircled Galactic mass. By measuring the Red Clump peak magnitude and comparing with the best-fitting LMC disc model, we find that the LMC disc is warped and thicker in the outer regions north of the LMC centre. Our findings may either be interpreted as a warped and flared disc in the LMC outskirts, or as evidence of a spheroidal halo component.
C1 [Balbinot, Eduardo] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
   [Balbinot, Eduardo; Santiago, B. X.; Pieres, A.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Astron, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
   [Balbinot, Eduardo; Santiago, B. X.; Pieres, A.; da Costa, L. N.; Maia, M. A. G.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Fausti Neto, A.; Ogando, R.] Lab Interinst & Astron LIneA, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
   [Girardi, L.] Osservatorio Astron Padova INAF, I-35122 Padua, Italy.
   [da Costa, L. N.; Maia, M. A. G.; Rosell, A. Carnero; Ogando, R.] Observ Nacl, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
   [Gruendl, R. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Gruendl, R. A.; Swanson, M. E. C.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Walker, A. R.; Abbott, T. M. C.; James, D.; Smith, R. C.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, La Serena, Chile.
   [Yanny, B.; Drlica-Wagner, A.; Allam, S. S.; Annis, J.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Diehl, H. T.; Estrada, J.; Finley, D. A.; Flaugher, B.; Frieman, J. A.; Kuropatkin, N.; Peoples, J.; Scarpine, V.; Soares-Santos, M.; Tucker, D. L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA.
   [Benoit-Levy, A.; Brooks, D.; Doel, P.; Lahav, O.] UCL, Dept Phys Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England.
   [Allam, S. S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Bernstein, J. P.; Schubnell, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
   [Bernstein, R. A.] Carnegie Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
   [Bertin, E.; Evrard, A. E.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France.
   [Bertin, E.; Evrard, A. E.] CNRS, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France.
   [Cunha, C. E.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Depoy, D. L.; Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Depoy, D. L.; Marshall, J. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Desai, S.; Gruen, D.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany.
   [Desai, S.; Frieman, J. A.; Wechsler, R.] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Evrard, A. E.; Miller, C.; Tarle, G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Evrard, A. E.; Miller, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Gruen, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
   [Honscheid, K.; Suchyta, E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
   [Kuehn, K.] Australian Astron Observ, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia.
   [March, M.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Particle Cosmol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Miquel, R.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Fis Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
   [Miquel, R.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain.
   [Plazas, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Sevilla-Noarbe, I.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales Tecnol CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
   [Wechsler, R.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Zuntz, J.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England.
RP Balbinot, E (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
EM e.balbinot@surrey.ac.uk
RI Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; Balbinot, Eduardo/E-8019-2015; 
OI Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; Suchyta, Eric/0000-0002-7047-9358;
   Balbinot, Eduardo/0000-0002-1322-3153; Evrard,
   August/0000-0002-4876-956X; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729
FU US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Ministry of
   Science and Education of Spain; Science and Technology Facilities
   Council of the United Kingdom; Higher Education Funding Council for
   England; National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the
   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Kavli Institute of
   Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago; Financiadora de
   Estudos e Projetos; Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do
   Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
   Cientifico e Tecnologico; Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia; Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft; Argonne National Laboratory; University of
   California at Santa Cruz; University of Cambridge; Centro de
   Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid;
   University of Chicago; University College London; DES-Brazil Consortium;
   Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Fermi National
   Accelerator Laboratory; University of Edinburgh; University of Illinois
   at Urbana-Champaign; Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC);
   Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies; Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory; Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat; associated Excellence
   Cluster Universe; University of Michigan; National Optical Astronomy
   Observatory; University of Nottingham; Ohio State University; University
   of Pennsylvania; University of Portsmouth; SLAC National Accelerator
   Laboratory, Stanford University; University of Sussex; Texas AM
   University; MINECO [AYA2009-13936, AYA2012-39559, AYA2012-39620,
   FPA2012-39684]; FEDER funds from European Union; Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB-Transregio 33]; DFG cluster of
   excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'; European Research
   Council [240672]
FX Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of
   Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and
   Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the
   United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the
   National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of
   Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological
   Physics at the University of Chicago, Financiadora de Estudos e
   Projetos, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do
   Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e
   Tecnologico and the Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia, the Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark
   Energy Survey.; The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National
   Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University
   of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y
   Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College
   London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the Eidgenossische Technische
   Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the
   University of Edinburgh, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
   the Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica
   d'Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the
   Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat and the associated Excellence Cluster
   Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy
   Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University,
   the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC
   National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of
   Sussex, and Texas A&M University.; The DES participants from Spanish
   institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants
   AYA2009-13936, AYA2012-39559, AYA2012-39620, and FPA2012-39684, which
   include FEDER funds from the European Union.; DG was supported by
   SFB-Transregio 33 'The Dark Universe' by the Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin
   and Structure of the Universe'.; JZ acknowledges support from the
   European Research Council in the form of a Starting Grant with number
   240672.
NR 83
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0035-8711
EI 1365-2966
J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC
JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 449
IS 1
BP 1129
EP 1145
DI 10.1093/mnras/stv356
PG 17
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CJ2WO
UT WOS:000355345600082
ER

PT J
AU Fluegel, B
   Mialitsin, AV
   Beaton, DA
   Reno, JL
   Mascarenhas, A
AF Fluegel, Brian
   Mialitsin, Aleksej V.
   Beaton, Daniel A.
   Reno, John L.
   Mascarenhas, Angelo
TI Electronic Raman scattering as an ultra-sensitive probe of strain
   effects in semiconductors
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID VALENCE-BAND; MICRO-RAMAN; GAAS; SILICON; TRANSITIONS; LAYERS
AB Semiconductor strain engineering has become a critical feature of high-performance electronics because of the significant device performance enhancements that it enables. These improvements, which emerge from strain-induced modifications to the electronic band structure, necessitate new ultra-sensitive tools to probe the strain in semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate that minute amounts of strain in thin semiconductor epilayers can be measured using electronic Raman scattering. We applied this strain measurement technique to two different semiconductor alloy systems using coherently strained epitaxial thin films specifically designed to produce lattice-mismatch strains as small as 10(-4). Comparing our strain sensitivity and signal strength in AlxGa1-xAs with those obtained using the industry-standard technique of phonon Raman scattering, we found that there was a sensitivity improvement of 200-fold and a signal enhancement of 4 x 10(3), thus obviating key constraints in semiconductor strain metrology.
C1 [Fluegel, Brian; Mialitsin, Aleksej V.; Beaton, Daniel A.; Mascarenhas, Angelo] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Reno, John L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Fluegel, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM Brian.Fluegel@nrel.gov; angelo.mascarenhas@nrel.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The work performed at NREL is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
   Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under DE-AC36-08GO28308. This
   work was partially performed at the Center for Integrated
   Nanotechnologies, which is a user facility of the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia National Laboratories is
   a multi-program laboratory that is managed and operated by Sandia
   Corporation, which is an entirely owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
   Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The dilute
   nitride samples were provided by A. Ptak as part of a previous BES
   project.
NR 32
TC 3
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U1 8
U2 24
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 7136
DI 10.1038/ncomms8136
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CJ5MZ
UT WOS:000355533300006
PM 26017853
ER

PT J
AU Mukhopadhyay, D
   Walko, DA
   Jung, IW
   Schwartz, CP
   Wang, J
   Lopez, D
   Shenoy, GK
AF Mukhopadhyay, D.
   Walko, D. A.
   Jung, I. W.
   Schwartz, C. P.
   Wang, Jin
   Lopez, D.
   Shenoy, G. K.
TI X-ray photonic microsystems for the manipulation of synchrotron light
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER; MEMS; MICROSTRUCTURE; RESONATORS; SILICON
AB Photonic microsystems played an essential role in the development of integrated photonic devices, thanks to their unique spatiotemporal control and spectral shaping capabilities. Similar capabilities to markedly control and manipulate X-ray radiation are highly desirable but practically impossible due to the massive size of the silicon single-crystal optics currently used. Here we show that micromechanical systems can be used as X-ray optics to create and preserve the spatial, temporal and spectral correlation of the X-rays. We demonstrate that, as X-ray reflective optics they can maintain the wavefront properties with nearly 100% reflectivity, and as a dynamic diffractive optics they can generate nanosecond time windows with over 100-kHz repetition rates. Since X-ray photonic microsystems can be easily incorporated into lab-based and next-generation synchrotron X-ray sources, they bring unprecedented design flexibility for future dynamic and miniature X-ray optics for focusing, wavefront manipulation, multicolour dispersion, and pulse slicing.
C1 [Mukhopadhyay, D.; Jung, I. W.; Lopez, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Walko, D. A.; Schwartz, C. P.; Wang, Jin; Shenoy, G. K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Lopez, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM dlopez@anl.gov
FU US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank Eric Isaacs for his encouragement and support throughout the
   project. Tao Sun and Deming Shu (APS) are gratefully acknowledged for
   their early participation of and contribution to the project. We are
   very grateful to John Freeland, and Martin Holt for their critical
   reading of the manuscript and invaluable suggestions to improve its
   content and clarity. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) and
   Advanced Photon Source (APS) was supported by the US Department of
   Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract no.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 29
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U1 3
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 7057
DI 10.1038/ncomms8057
PG 7
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CJ5ME
UT WOS:000355530900008
PM 25940542
ER

PT J
AU Sentef, MA
   Claassen, M
   Kemper, AF
   Moritz, B
   Oka, T
   Freericks, JK
   Devereaux, TP
AF Sentef, M. A.
   Claassen, M.
   Kemper, A. F.
   Moritz, B.
   Oka, T.
   Freericks, J. K.
   Devereaux, T. P.
TI Theory of Floquet band formation and local pseudospin textures in
   pump-probe photoemission of graphene
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID HGTE QUANTUM-WELLS; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; DIRAC POINTS; SPIN;
   REALIZATION; TRANSITION; LATTICE; MODEL
AB Ultrafast materials science promises optical control of physical properties of solids. Continuous-wave circularly polarized laser driving was predicted to induce a light-matter coupled state with an energy gap and a quantum Hall effect, coined Floquet topological insulator. Whereas the envisioned Floquet topological insulator requires high-frequency pumping to obtain well-separated Floquet bands, a follow-up question regards the creation of Floquet-like states in graphene with realistic low-frequency laser pulses. Here we predict that short optical pulses attainable in experiments can lead to local spectral gaps and novel pseudospin textures in graphene. Pump-probe photoemission spectroscopy can track these states by measuring sizeable energy gaps and Floquet band formation on femtosecond time scales. Analysing band crossings and pseudospin textures near the Dirac points, we identify new states with optically induced nontrivial changes of sublattice mixing that leads to Berry curvature corrections of electrical transport and magnetization.
C1 [Sentef, M. A.; Moritz, B.; Devereaux, T. P.] Stanford Univ, SIMES, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Sentef, M. A.; Moritz, B.; Devereaux, T. P.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Sentef, M. A.] Univ Bonn, HISKP, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
   [Claassen, M.; Devereaux, T. P.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Kemper, A. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Moritz, B.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA.
   [Oka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan.
   [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
RP Sentef, MA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SIMES, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM michael.sentef@hiskp.uni-bonn.de; tpd@stanford.edu
RI Moritz, Brian/D-7505-2015; Sentef, Michael/L-5717-2013; Kemper,
   Alexander/F-8243-2016; Oka, Takashi/C-4350-2011; 
OI Moritz, Brian/0000-0002-3747-8484; Sentef, Michael/0000-0002-7946-0282;
   Kemper, Alexander/0000-0002-5426-5181; Oka, Takashi/0000-0002-2235-6775;
   Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165
FU Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of
   Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-76SF00515,
   DE-FG02-08ER46542, DE-SC0007091]; Department of Energy, Office of
   Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; McDevitt bequest at Georgetown; Laboratory
   Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Patrick Kirchmann, Sri Raghu,
   Xiao-Liang Qi, Shou-Cheng Zhang, and Bruce Normand. This work was
   supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract Nos.
   DE-AC02-76SF00515 (Stanford/SIMES), DE-FG02-08ER46542 (Georgetown) and
   DE-SC0007091 (for the collaboration). Computational resources were
   provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
   supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. J.K.F. was also supported by the McDevitt bequest
   at Georgetown. A.F.K. was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research
   and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under
   U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 43
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U1 8
U2 35
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 7047
DI 10.1038/ncomms8047
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CJ5MC
UT WOS:000355530700003
PM 25958840
ER

PT J
AU Song, WW
   Gatdula, R
   Abbaslou, S
   Lu, M
   Stein, A
   Lai, WYC
   Provine, J
   Pease, RFW
   Christodoulides, DN
   Jiang, W
AF Song, Weiwei
   Gatdula, Robert
   Abbaslou, Siamak
   Lu, Ming
   Stein, Aaron
   Lai, Warren Y-C
   Provine, J.
   Pease, R. Fabian W.
   Christodoulides, Demetrios N.
   Jiang, Wei
TI High-density waveguide superlattices with low crosstalk
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL PHASED-ARRAY; SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; PHOTONIC LATTICES; LIGHT;
   CHIP; LOCALIZATION; TRANSMISSION; MODULATORS; SYSTEMS; GAP
AB Silicon photonics holds great promise for low-cost large-scale photonic integration. In its future development, integration density will play an ever-increasing role in a way similar to that witnessed in integrated circuits. Waveguides are perhaps the most ubiquitous component in silicon photonics. As such, the density of waveguide elements is expected to have a crucial influence on the integration density of a silicon photonic chip. A solution to high-density waveguide integration with minimal impact on other performance metrics such as crosstalk remains a vital issue in many applications. Here, we propose a waveguide superlattice and demonstrate advanced superlattice design concepts such as interlacing-recombination that enable high-density waveguide integration at a half-wavelength pitch with low crosstalk. Such waveguide superlattices can potentially lead to significant reduction in on-chip estate for waveguide elements and salient enhancement of performance for important applications, opening up possibilities for half-wavelength-pitch optical-phased arrays and ultra-dense space-division multiplexing.
C1 [Song, Weiwei; Gatdula, Robert; Abbaslou, Siamak; Lai, Warren Y-C; Jiang, Wei] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Lu, Ming; Stein, Aaron] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Lai, Warren Y-C; Jiang, Wei] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Adv Mat Devices & Nanotechnol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   [Provine, J.; Pease, R. Fabian W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Christodoulides, Demetrios N.] Univ Cent Florida, Sch Opt CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA.
   [Jiang, Wei] Nanjing Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Wei] Nanjing Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM wjiangnj@rci.rutgers.edu
OI Stein, Aaron/0000-0003-4424-5416
FU U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0394]; DARPA
   [N66001-12-1-4246]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Young Thousand Talents program of China,
   Jiangsu Specially Appointed Professor program; Priority Academic Program
   Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
FX We are grateful to George K. Celler, Philip E. Batson and Roy Yates for
   helpful discussions. This work is supported in part by U.S. Air Force
   Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550-08-1-0394 and by
   the DARPA Young Faculty Award under Grant No. N66001-12-1-4246. This
   research was carried out in part at the Center for Functional
   Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the
   U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. W.J. acknowledges partial support from
   the Young Thousand Talents program of China, Jiangsu Specially Appointed
   Professor program, and the Priority Academic Program Development of
   Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
NR 49
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U2 24
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 7027
DI 10.1038/ncomms8027
PG 9
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CJ5LX
UT WOS:000355530100001
PM 25960367
ER

PT J
AU Xu, J
   Buin, A
   Ip, AH
   Li, W
   Voznyy, O
   Comin, R
   Yuan, MJ
   Jeon, S
   Ning, ZJ
   McDowell, JJ
   Kanjanaboos, P
   Sun, JP
   Lan, XZ
   Quan, LN
   Kim, DH
   Hill, IG
   Maksymovych, P
   Sargent, EH
AF Xu, Jixian
   Buin, Andrei
   Ip, Alexander H.
   Li, Wei
   Voznyy, Oleksandr
   Comin, Riccardo
   Yuan, Mingjian
   Jeon, Seokmin
   Ning, Zhijun
   McDowell, Jeffrey J.
   Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn
   Sun, Jon-Paul
   Lan, Xinzheng
   Quan, Li Na
   Kim, Dong Ha
   Hill, Ian G.
   Maksymovych, Peter
   Sargent, Edward H.
TI Perovskite-fullerene hybrid materials suppress hysteresis in planar
   diodese
SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; HALIDE PEROVSKITES; PERFORMANCE;
   PASSIVATION; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; RECOMBINATION; DEPOSITION; EFFICIENCY;
   MEMRISTOR; TRANSPORT
AB Solution-processed planar perovskite devices are highly desirable in a wide variety of optoelectronic applications; however, they are prone to hysteresis and current instabilities. Here we report the first perovskite-PCBM hybrid solid with significantly reduced hysteresis and recombination loss achieved in a single step. This new material displays an efficient electrically coupled microstructure: PCBM is homogeneously distributed throughout the film at perovskite grain boundaries. The PCBM passivates the key PbI3- antisite defects during the perovskite self-assembly, as revealed by theory and experiment. Photoluminescence transient spectroscopy proves that the PCBM phase promotes electron extraction. We showcase this mixed material in planar solar cells that feature low hysteresis and enhanced photovoltage. Using conductive AFM studies, we reveal the memristive properties of perovskite films. We close by positing that PCBM, by tying up both halide-rich antisites and unincorporated halides, reduces electric field-induced anion migration that may give rise to hysteresis and unstable diode behaviour.
C1 [Xu, Jixian; Buin, Andrei; Ip, Alexander H.; Li, Wei; Voznyy, Oleksandr; Comin, Riccardo; Yuan, Mingjian; Ning, Zhijun; McDowell, Jeffrey J.; Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn; Lan, Xinzheng; Sargent, Edward H.] Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
   [Jeon, Seokmin; Maksymovych, Peter] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Sun, Jon-Paul; Hill, Ian G.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
   [Quan, Li Na; Kim, Dong Ha] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Chem & Nano Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea.
RP Sargent, EH (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 10 Kings Coll Rd, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada.
EM ted.sargent@utoronto.ca
RI Ning , Zhijun/A-3601-2013; Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn/Q-1050-2015;
   Maksymovych, Petro/C-3922-2016; Kim, Dong Ha/B-3778-2008; Comin,
   Riccardo/H-7731-2016; Jeon, Seokmin/A-1059-2016; Kim, Dong
   Ha/E-7868-2017
OI Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn/0000-0002-4854-1733; Maksymovych,
   Petro/0000-0003-0822-8459; Kim, Dong Ha/0000-0003-0444-0479; Comin,
   Riccardo/0000-0002-1069-9973; Jeon, Seokmin/0000-0002-1230-906X; 
FU King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
   [KUS-11-009-21]; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Program;
   Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada;
   Canada Foundation for Innovation under the Compute Canada; Government of
   Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of
   Toronto; National Research Foundation of Korea Grant - Korean Government
   [2014R1A2A1A09005656]
FX This publication is based in part on work supported by Award
   KUS-11-009-21, made by King Abdullah University of Science and
   Technology (KAUST), by the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence
   Program, and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
   (NSERC) of Canada. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer
   at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by: the Canada Foundation
   for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of
   Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University
   of Toronto. We thank Peter Brodersen from Surface Interface Ontario for
   SIMS measurements. A portion of this research was conducted at the
   Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of
   Science User Facility. L.N.Q. and D.H.K. acknowledge the financial
   support by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the
   Korean Government (2014R1A2A1A09005656). We thank Pengfei Li from the
   Department of Chemistry at the University of Toronto for help with
   time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements.
NR 43
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PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 2041-1723
J9 NAT COMMUN
JI Nat. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 7081
DI 10.1038/ncomms8081
PG 8
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CJ5MJ
UT WOS:000355531400007
PM 25953105
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, P
   Bao, XH
   Salmeron, M
AF Jiang, Peng
   Bao, Xinhe
   Salmeron, Miquel
TI Catalytic Reaction Processes Revealed by Scanning Probe Microscopy
SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; PT-GROUP METALS; TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CO
   OXIDATION; IN-SITU; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; SCALE
   STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURES; SURFACE
AB Heterogeneous catalysis is of great importance for Modem society. About 80% of the chemicals are produced by catalytic reactions. Green energy production and utilization as well as: environmental protection also need efficient catalysts. Understanding the reaction mechanisms is crucial to improve the existing catalysts and develop new ones with better activity, selectivity, and stability. Three components are involved in one catalytic reaction: reactant, product, and catalyst. The catalytic reaction process consists of a series of elementary steps: adsorption, diffusion, reaction, and desorption. During reaction, the catalyst surface can change at the atomic level, with roughening, sintering, and segregation processes occurring dynamically in response to the reaction conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain atomic-scale information for understanding catalytic reactions.
   Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a very appropriate tool for catalytic research at the atomic scale because of its unique atomic-resolution capability. A distinguishing feature of SPM, compared to other surface characterization techniques, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is that there is no intrinsic limitation for SPM to work under realistic reaction conditions (usually high temperature and high pressure). Therefore, since it was introduced in 1981, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been widely used to investigate the adsorption, diffusion, reaction, and desorption processes on solid catalyst surfaces at the atomic level. STM can also monitor dynamic changes of catalyst surfaces during reactions. These invaluable microscopic insights have not only deepened the understanding of catalytic processes, but also provided important guidance for the development of new catalysts.
   This Account will focus on elementary reaction processes revealed by SPM. First, we will demonstrate the power of SPM to investigate the adsorption and diffusion process of reactants on catalyst surfaces at the atomic level. Then the dynamic processes, including surface reconstruction, roughening, sintering, and phase separation, studied by SPM will be discussed. Furthermore, SPM provides valuable insights toward identifying the active sites and understanding the reaction mechanisms. We also illustrate here how both ultrahigh vacuum STM and high pressure STM provide valuable information, expanding the understanding provided by traditional surface science. We conclude with highlighting remarkable recent progress in noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS), and their impact on single-chemical-bond level characterization for catalytic reaction processes in the future.
C1 [Jiang, Peng; Bao, Xinhe] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
   [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Jiang, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Catalysis, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
EM pengjiang@dicp.ac.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21273228]; National Key
   Basic Research Program of China [2013CB933100]; 100 Talents Program of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Office of Science, Division of Materials
   Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The work at Dalian was supported by the National Natural Science
   Foundation of China (Grant No. 21273228), National Key Basic Research
   Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB933100), and 100 Talents Program of
   Chinese Academy of Sciences. M.S. was supported by the Office of
   Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S.
   Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 63
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 16
U2 159
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0001-4842
EI 1520-4898
J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES
JI Accounts Chem. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 48
IS 5
BP 1524
EP 1531
DI 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00017
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA CI8XT
UT WOS:000355055700032
PM 25856470
ER

PT J
AU Jin, T
   Xiong, ZC
   Zhu, X
   Mehio, N
   Chen, YJ
   Hu, J
   Zhang, WB
   Zou, HF
   Liu, HL
   Dai, S
AF Jin, Tian
   Xiong, Zhichao
   Zhu, Xiang
   Mehio, Nada
   Chen, Yajing
   Hu, Jun
   Zhang, Weibing
   Zou, Hanfa
   Liu, Honglai
   Dai, Sheng
TI Template-Free Synthesis of Mesoporous Polymers for Highly Selective
   Enrichment of Glycopeptides
SO ACS MACRO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; GLYCOPROTEINS; PERFORMANCE; CARBON
AB A facile template-free strategy for the synthesis of mesoporous phenolic polymers with attractive porosities, nitrogen-containing functionalities, and intrinsic hydrophilic skeletons is presented. The resultant polymer has a high BET surface area (548 m(2) g(-1)) and mesopore size (13 nm) and exhibits superior glycopeptide-capturing performance, thus, revealing the potential application of mesoporous polymers in highly selective glycopeptide enrichment. This general capture protocol may open up new opportunities for the development of glycoproteomes.
C1 [Jin, Tian; Xiong, Zhichao; Zhu, Xiang; Chen, Yajing; Hu, Jun; Zhang, Weibing; Liu, Honglai] E China Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Chem Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Tian; Xiong, Zhichao; Zhu, Xiang; Chen, Yajing; Hu, Jun; Zhang, Weibing; Liu, Honglai] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
   [Zhu, Xiang] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Chem & Food Chem, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
   [Mehio, Nada; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Xiong, Zhichao; Zou, Hanfa] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Key Lab Separat Sci Analyt Chem, Dalian, Peoples R China.
RP Zhu, X (reprint author), E China Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Chem Engn, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China.
EM xiang.zbu@tu-dresden.de; hanfazou@dicp.ac.cn; hlliu@ecust.edu.cn;
   dais@ornl.gov
RI Zhu, Xiang/P-6867-2014; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015
OI Zhu, Xiang/0000-0002-3973-4998; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB733501]; National
   Natural Science Foundation of China [91334203, 21376074, 21321064]; 111
   Project of Ministry of Education of China [B08021]; Fundamental Research
   Funds for the Central Universities; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geo-sciences, and
   Biosciences Division
FX This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
   (Grant 2013CB733501), the National Natural Science Foundation of China
   (Grants 91334203, 21376074, and 21321064), the 111 Project of Ministry
   of Education of China (Grant B08021), and the Fundamental Research Funds
   for the Central Universities. N.M. and S.D. were supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical
   Sciences, Geo-sciences, and Biosciences Division.
NR 25
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 16
U2 148
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2161-1653
J9 ACS MACRO LETT
JI ACS Macro Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 4
IS 5
BP 570
EP 574
DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00235
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA CI9BY
UT WOS:000355066600020
ER

PT J
AU Shcherbakov, MR
   Shorokhov, AS
   Neshev, DN
   Hopkins, B
   Staude, I
   Melik-Gaykazyan, EV
   Ezhov, AA
   Miroshnichenko, AE
   Brener, I
   Fedyanin, AA
   Kivshar, YS
AF Shcherbakov, Maxim R.
   Shorokhov, Alexander S.
   Neshev, Dragomir N.
   Hopkins, Ben
   Staude, Isabelle
   Melik-Gaykazyan, Elizaveta V.
   Ezhov, Alexander A.
   Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.
   Brener, Igal
   Fedyanin, Andrey A.
   Kivshar, Yuri S.
TI Nonlinear Interference and Tailorable Third-Harmonic Generation from
   Dielectric Oligomers
SO ACS PHOTONICS
LA English
DT Article
DE nonlinear optics; third-harmonic generation; silicon nanoparticles;
   nanoparticle oligomers; optical magnetism; Mie scattering
ID FANO RESONANCES
AB It is known that the nonlinear optical properties of photonic nanostructures can be modified substantially due to strong field confinement and optical resonances. In this contribution, we study third-harmonic generation from low-loss subwavelength silicon nanodisks arranged in the form of trimer oligomers with varying distance between the nano-particles. Each of the nanodisks exhibits both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances that are shown to affect significantly the nonlinear response. We observe the third-harmonic radiation intensity that is comparable to that of a bulk silicon slab and demonstrate a pronounced reshaping of the third-harmonic spectra due to interference of the nonlinearly generated waves augmented by an interplay between the electric and the magnetic dipolar resonances.
C1 [Shcherbakov, Maxim R.; Shorokhov, Alexander S.; Melik-Gaykazyan, Elizaveta V.; Ezhov, Alexander A.; Fedyanin, Andrey A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia.
   [Neshev, Dragomir N.; Hopkins, Ben; Staude, Isabelle; Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.; Kivshar, Yuri S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Nonlinear Phys Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
   [Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Shcherbakov, MR (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia.
EM shcherbakov@nanolab.phys.msu.ru
RI Hopkins, Ben/J-1498-2015; Shcherbakov, Maxim/D-7571-2012; Shorokhov,
   Alexander/H-5523-2015; Melik-Gaykazyan, Elizaveta/J-9073-2015; Staude,
   Isabelle/N-4270-2015; Neshev, Dragomir/A-3759-2008; Fedyanin,
   Andrey/G-1803-2010; Miroshnichenko, Andrey/C-2170-2016
OI Hopkins, Ben/0000-0002-4570-4269; Shcherbakov,
   Maxim/0000-0001-7198-5482; Melik-Gaykazyan,
   Elizaveta/0000-0001-7633-2376; Neshev, Dragomir/0000-0002-4508-8646;
   Fedyanin, Andrey/0000-0003-4708-6895; Miroshnichenko,
   Andrey/0000-0001-9607-6621
FU Russian Science Foundation [14-12-01144]; Russian Foundation for Basic
   Research; Australian Research Council; U.S. Department of Energy's
   National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors acknowledge useful discussions with M. Kauranen, N. Panoiu,
   and A. Zayats, as well as the financial support from Russian Science
   Foundation (Grant #14-12-01144), Russian Foundation for Basic Research,
   and the Australian Research Council. This work was performed, in part,
   at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User
   Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of
   Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory
   managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of
   Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's
   National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
   DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 25
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 11
U2 30
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2330-4022
J9 ACS PHOTONICS
JI ACS Photonics
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 2
IS 5
BP 578
EP 582
DI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00065
PG 5
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics
GA CI9CB
UT WOS:000355066900003
ER

PT J
AU Kugai, J
   Fox, EB
   Song, CS
AF Kugai, Junichiro
   Fox, Elise B.
   Song, Chunshan
TI Kinetic characteristics of oxygen-enhanced water gas shift on
   CeO2-supported Pt-Cu and Pd-Cu bimetallic catalysts
SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Oxygen-enhanced water gas shift (OWGS); Water gas shift (WGS); Pd; Cu;
   Metal catalyst; CeO2-supported Pd-Cu; Bimetallic catalyst
ID FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; CERIA-SUPPORTED CATALYSTS; PREFERENTIAL CO
   OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; METAL-CATALYSTS;
   HYDROGEN PROX; TEMPERATURE; CEO2; DEACTIVATION
AB Our laboratory has developed a new approach to enhance water gas shift (WGS) at low temperature by adding a small amount of O-2 over CeO2-supported bimetallic catalysts, which is called oxygen-enhanced water gas shift (OWGS). In the present study, the activities of bimetallic and monometallic catalysts were comparatively evaluated and the origin for better performance in the bimetallic catalysts was sought by a kinetic study. The CeO2-supported Pt-Cu and Pd-Cu catalysts showed not only higher activity, but also higher stability for about 70 h under practical OWGS condition, which was corroborated by little change in FT-IR spectra of surface species before and after the long-duration reaction. In the kinetic analysis, O-2 addition to WGS significantly increased the reaction order in CO for all the catalysts tested while the reaction order in H2O changed little upon O-2 addition to WGS. The catalysts with relatively low CO order such as Pt or Pd had relatively high H2O order while the catalysts with high CO order such as Cu had low H2O order. Such a trend shows that the reaction rate is determined by the balance between the two reactants on the surface and O-2 addition to the feed changes this balance by removing some CO to make more sites open for H2O adsorption and activation. In the presence of the product gases, H2O activation becomes more rate-limiting, so that the combination of noble metal and copper on CeO2 is more effective with the use of added oxygen to remove the CO strongly adsorbed on the active sites. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kugai, Junichiro; Song, Chunshan] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, Clean Fuels & Catalysis Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Kugai, Junichiro; Song, Chunshan] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Fox, Elise B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Mat Sci Technol, Aiken, SC 29808 USA.
RP Song, CS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, Clean Fuels & Catalysis Program, 209 Acad Projects Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
EM jkugai@kobe-kosen.ac.jp; csong@psu.edu
RI Song, Chunshan/B-3524-2008
OI Song, Chunshan/0000-0003-2344-9911
FU US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory; US
   Office of Naval Research;  [DE-AC09-08SR22470]
FX We wish to thank the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology
   Laboratory and US Office of Naval Research for partial support of this
   work on liquid fuel processing for fuel cells. We also thank Rhodia Co.
   for generously supplying CeO<INF>2</INF> support. The Savannah River
   National Laboratory is managed by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions. This
   work was prepared under Federal Contract DE-AC09-08SR22470.
NR 53
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 7
U2 68
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-860X
EI 1873-3875
J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN
JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 497
BP 31
EP 41
DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2015.02.033
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CI8WL
UT WOS:000355052300005
ER

PT J
AU Martinelli, M
   Jacobs, G
   Graham, UM
   Shafer, WD
   Cronauer, DC
   Kropf, AJ
   Marshall, CL
   Khalid, S
   Visconti, CG
   Lietti, L
   Davis, BH
AF Martinelli, Michela
   Jacobs, Gary
   Graham, Uschi M.
   Shafer, Wilson D.
   Cronauer, Donald C.
   Kropf, A. Jeremy
   Marshall, Christopher L.
   Khalid, Syed
   Visconti, Carlo G.
   Lietti, Luca
   Davis, Burtron H.
TI Water-gas shift: Characterization and testing of nanoscale YSZ supported
   Pt catalysts
SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Water-gas-shift; Zirconia; Pt/ZrO2; Yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ);
   Pt/YSZ; Surface defects; Surface mobility
ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; IN-SITU DRIFTS;
   LOW-TEMPERATURE; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; REACTION-MECHANISM; PROCESSING
   CATALYSTS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PT/CERIA CATALYSTS; PLATINUM CATALYSTS
AB Nano-scale Y-doped zirconium oxide materials were prepared with high surface areas (150-200 m(2)/g) and small nano-crystallites (<8 nm). A combination of XANES and EXAFS was used to show that ZrO2 exhibited the tetragonal phase, while the Zr0.5Y0.5O1.75 support displayed the cubic phase. A comparison with undoped zirconia suggests that the Zr0.9Y0.1O1.95 support was tetragonal in structure. A slight increase in d-spacing observed in HR-TEM for the Zr0.9Y0.1O1.95 support relative to undoped ZrO2, along with a shift to lower 2 theta in XRD, provide evidence that Y-doping caused macrostrain. STEM imaging confirmed that the Pt clusters ranged from 0.5 to 2 nm over all three supports.
   Catalyst reducibility was explored by H-2-TPR, XANES at the Zr K-edge, and TPR-XANES at the Pt L-III edge. A higher concentration of surface defects for the 0.5%Pt/Zr0.9Y0.1O1.95 catalyst relative to 0.5%Pt/ZrO2 was confirmed by DRIFTS of adsorbed CO, while a greater surface mobility of surface formate was suggested based on forward formate decomposition experiments in steam. The Y-doped Pt promoted catalysts displayed higher water-gas-shift activity relative to the 0.5%Pt/ZrO2 catalyst when the Y content was at or below 50%, with the best catalyst being 0.5%Pt/Zr0.9Y0.1O1.95. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Martinelli, Michela; Jacobs, Gary; Graham, Uschi M.; Shafer, Wilson D.; Davis, Burtron H.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
   [Martinelli, Michela; Visconti, Carlo G.; Lietti, Luca] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Energia, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
   [Cronauer, Donald C.; Kropf, A. Jeremy; Marshall, Christopher L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Khalid, Syed] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Davis, BH (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 2540 Res Pk Dr, Lexington, KY 40511 USA.
EM burtron.davis@uky.edu
RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Jacobs, Gary/M-5349-2015
OI Jacobs, Gary/0000-0003-0691-6717
FU Commonwealth of Kentucky; Italian Ministry of Education, Universities
   and Research; US DOE, Division of Materials Science and Chemical
   Science; U.S. DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, NETL; U.S. DOE, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE; MRCAT
FX Experiments conducted at UK-CAER were supported by the Commonwealth of
   Kentucky. We further acknowledge the financial support of the Italian
   Ministry of Education, Universities and Research for the scholarship of
   Dr. Michela Martinelli. This research was carried out, in part, at the
   National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which
   is supported by the US DOE, Division of Materials Science and Chemical
   Science. Argonne's research was supported in part by the U.S. DOE,
   Office of Fossil Energy, NETL. The use of the APS was supported by the
   U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT operations are supported by the
   DOE and the MRCAT member institutions.
NR 68
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 12
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0926-860X
EI 1873-3875
J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN
JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 497
BP 184
EP 197
DI 10.1016/j.apcata.2014.12.055
PG 14
WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences
SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CI8WL
UT WOS:000355052300021
ER

PT J
AU Gilbertson, S
   Jackson, SI
   Vincent, SW
   Rodriguez, G
AF Gilbertson, Steve
   Jackson, Scott I.
   Vincent, Samuel W.
   Rodriguez, George
TI Detection of high explosive detonation across material interfaces with
   chirped fiber Bragg gratings
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SHOCK DYNAMICS; PRESSURE
AB Measuring detonation wavefront position and velocity changes across material interfaces has been demonstrated using an all-optical chirped fiber Bragg grating approach. An experiment was conducted with a cylindrical rate stick consisting of multiple high explosive (HE) segments. A measurement of detonation position across interfaces of different HE formulations was made for both low and high spatial resolution gratings. The results show the accuracy of measured velocities is increased with the higher resolution gratings. A decaying shock driven into the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) segment provided a measure of the minimum internal fiber pressure required for prompt grating destruction and accurate wavefront position measurement. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
C1 [Gilbertson, Steve; Rodriguez, George] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Jackson, Scott I.; Vincent, Samuel W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weapons Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Gilbertson, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM steveg@lanl.gov
RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012; 
OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462; Jackson,
   Scott/0000-0002-6814-3468
FU LANS, LLC for LANL Leda Project [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX LANS, LLC for LANL Leda Project (DE-AC52-06NA25396).
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 13
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 54
IS 13
BP 3849
EP 3854
DI 10.1364/AO.54.003849
PG 6
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA CH4DC
UT WOS:000353980900020
ER

PT J
AU Gullikson, EM
   Anderson, CN
   Kim, SS
   Lee, D
   Miyakawa, R
   Salmassi, F
   Naulleau, PP
AF Gullikson, Eric M.
   Anderson, Christopher N.
   Kim, Seong-Sue
   Lee, Donggun
   Miyakawa, Ryan
   Salmassi, Farhad
   Naulleau, Patrick P.
TI Molybdenum/silicon multilayer components for high harmonic generation
   sources
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; ZONE-PLATE; MO/SI; LIGHT; MIRRORS; BEAM
AB High harmonic generation sources have made great progress over the past decade and now readily support applications in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) regime and beyond. In many applications, the keys to the utility of these sources are multilayer components such as mirrors and beam splitters. Here we present recent results in the development and fabrication of such components in the EUV regime, including line-narrowing mirrors achieving bandwidths (lambda/Delta lambda) of 175, single and multiple harmonic-selecting multilayers with reflectances of greater than 40% in the 13 nm range, and ultralow stress membrane beam splitters enabling direct EUV pulse energy monitoring. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
C1 [Gullikson, Eric M.; Anderson, Christopher N.; Miyakawa, Ryan; Salmassi, Farhad; Naulleau, Patrick P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kim, Seong-Sue; Lee, Donggun] Samsung Elect Co Ltd, Hwasung 445701, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM pnaulleau@lbl.gov
RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015
OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X
FU Samsung Semiconductor through the U.S. Department of Energy
FX This work was supported by Samsung Semiconductor through the U.S.
   Department of Energy.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 12
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1559-128X
EI 2155-3165
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 54
IS 13
BP 4280
EP 4284
DI 10.1364/AO.54.004280
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA CH4DC
UT WOS:000353980900079
ER

PT J
AU Garrett, A
   New, J
AF Garrett, Aaron
   New, Joshua
TI Scalable tuning of building models to hourly data
SO ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Autotune; Energy Plus; Calibration; Optimization; Evolutionary
   computation
ID SYSTEMS
AB Energy models of existing buildings are unreliable unless calibrated so that they correlate well with actual energy usage. Manual tuning requires a skilled professional and is prohibitively expensive for small projects, imperfect, non-repeatable, and not scalable to the dozens of sensor channels that smart meters, smart appliances, and sensors are making available. A scalable, automated methodology is needed to quickly, intelligently calibrate building energy models to all available data, increase the usefulness of those models, and facilitate speed-and-scale penetration of simulation-based capabilities into the marketplace for actualized energy savings. The "Autotune" project is a novel, model-agnostic methodology that leverages supercomputing, large simulation ensembles, and big data mining with multiple machine learning algorithms to allow automatic calibration of simulations that match measured experimental data in a way that is deployable on commodity hardware. This paper shares several methodologies employed to reduce the combinatorial complexity to a computationally tractable search problem for hundreds of input parameters. Accuracy metrics are provided that quantify model error to measured data for either monthly or hourly electrical usage from a highly instrumented, emulated-occupancy research home. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Garrett, Aaron] Jacksonville State Univ, Math Comp & Informat Sci, Jacksonville, AL USA.
   [New, Joshua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP New, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM newjr@ornl.gov
OI New, Joshua/0000-0001-8015-0583
FU DOE Building Technology [BT0201000, CEBT105]; Office of Science of the
   DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; RDAV (Remote Data Analysis and Visualization)
   Center of the University of Tennessee-Knoxville (NSF)
   [ARRA-NSF-OCI-0906324, NSF-OCI-1136246]; DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725,
   DEAC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was funded by field work proposal CEBT105 under DOE Building
   Technology Activity Number BT0201000. We would like to thank Amir Roth
   for his support and review of this project. This research used resources
   of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at ORNL, which is
   supported by the Office of Science of the DOE under Contract No.
   DE-AC05-00OR22725. Our work has been enabled and supported by data
   analysis and visualization experts at the RDAV (Remote Data Analysis and
   Visualization) Center of the University of Tennessee-Knoxville (NSF
   grant no. ARRA-NSF-OCI-0906324 and NSF-OCI-1136246). ORNL is managed by
   UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This
   manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract Number
   DEAC05-00OR22725 with DOE. The United States Government retains and the
   publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that
   the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up,
   irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published
   form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States
   Government purposes.
NR 32
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U1 5
U2 11
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0360-5442
EI 1873-6785
J9 ENERGY
JI Energy
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 84
BP 493
EP 502
DI 10.1016/j.energy.2015.03.014
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels
SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels
GA CI8QD
UT WOS:000355035900047
ER

PT J
AU Howe, D
   Westover, T
   Carpenter, D
   Santosa, D
   Emerson, R
   Deutch, S
   Starace, A
   Kutnyakov, I
   Lukins, C
AF Howe, Daniel
   Westover, Tyler
   Carpenter, Daniel
   Santosa, Daniel
   Emerson, Rachel
   Deutch, Steve
   Starace, Anne
   Kutnyakov, Igor
   Lukins, Craig
TI Field-to-Fuel Performance Testing of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks: An
   Integrated Study of the Fast Pyrolysis-Hydrotreating Pathway
SO ENERGY & FUELS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 15th International Conference on Petroleum Phase Behavior and Fouling
   (Petrophase)
CY JUN 08-12, 2014
CL Galveston, TX
SP Rice Univ, Baker Hughes
ID BIO-OIL; BIOMASS; PRODUCTS; QUALITY; WOOD; LIQUIDS; LIGNIN; IMPACT;
   YIELDS
AB Feedstock composition can affect final fuel yields and quality for the fast pyrolysis and hydrotreatment upgrading pathway. However, previous studies have focused on individual unit operations rather than the integrated system. In this study, a suite of six pure lignocellulosic feedstocks (clean (no bark) pine, whole-tree (including bark) pine, tulip poplar, hybrid poplar, switchgrass, and corn stover) and two blends (equal weight percentages whole-tree pine/tulip poplar/switchgrass and whole-tree pine/clean pine/hybrid poplar) were prepared and characterized. These materials then underwent fast pyrolysis and hydrotreatment. Although some feedstocks showed a high fast pyrolysis bio-oil yield, such as tulip poplar at 60%, high yields in the hydrotreater were not always observed. Results showed overall fuel yields of 17% (switchgrass), 20% (corn stover), 24% (tulip poplar, blend 1, blend 2), 25% (whole-tree pine, hybrid poplar), and 27% (clean pine). Simulated distillation of the upgraded oils indicated that the gasoline fraction varied from 39% (clean pine) to 51% (corn stover), while the diesel fraction ranged from 40% (corn stover) to 46% (tulip poplar). Little variation was seen in the jet fuel fraction at 11-12%. Hydrogen consumption during hydrotreating, a major factor in the economic feasibility of the integrated process, ranged from 0.051 g/g dry feed (tulip poplar) to 0.070 g/g dry feed (clean pine).
C1 [Howe, Daniel; Santosa, Daniel; Kutnyakov, Igor; Lukins, Craig] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Westover, Tyler; Emerson, Rachel] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
   [Carpenter, Daniel; Deutch, Steve; Starace, Anne] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Howe, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM Daniel.howe@pnnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Memorial Institute under
   Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 35
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 8
U2 33
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0887-0624
EI 1520-5029
J9 ENERG FUEL
JI Energy Fuels
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 29
IS 5
BP 3188
EP 3197
DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00304
PG 10
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CJ0IE
UT WOS:000355158200051
ER

PT J
AU Porter, WC
   Rosenstiel, TN
   Guenther, A
   Lamarque, JF
   Barsanti, K
AF Porter, William C.
   Rosenstiel, Todd N.
   Guenther, Alex
   Lamarque, Jean-Francois
   Barsanti, Kelley
TI Reducing the negative human-health impacts of bioenergy crop emissions
   through region-specific crop selection
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE bioenergy; air quality; climate change
ID ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; OUTDOOR AIR-POLLUTION; GLOBAL BURDEN;
   CELLULOSIC ETHANOL; QUALITY IMPACTS; BIOFUEL CROPS; UNITED-STATES;
   ARUNDO-DONAX; MORTALITY; OZONE
AB An expected global increase in bioenergy-crop cultivation as an alternative to fossil fuels will have consequences on both global climate and local air quality through changes in biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While greenhouse gas emissions may be reduced through the substitution of next-generation bioenergy crops such as eucalyptus, giant reed, and switchgrass for fossil fuels, the choice of species has important ramifications for human health, potentially reducing the benefits of conversion due to increases in ozone (O-3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels as a result of large changes in biogenic emissions. Using the Community Earth System Model we simulate the conversion of marginal and underutilized croplands worldwide to bioenergy crops under varying future anthropogenic emissions scenarios. A conservative global replacement using high VOC-emitting crop profiles leads to modeled population-weighted O-3 increases of 5-27 ppb in India, 1-9 ppb in China, and 1-6 ppb in the United States, with peak PM2.5 increases of up to 2 mu g m(-3). We present a metric for the regional evaluation of candidate bioenergy crops, as well as results for the application of this metric to four representative emissions profiles using four replacement scales (10-100% maximum estimated available land). Finally, we assess the total health and climate impacts of biogenic emissions, finding that the negative consequences of using high-emitting crops could exceed 50% of the positive benefits of reduced fossil fuel emissions in value.
C1 [Porter, William C.; Rosenstiel, Todd N.; Barsanti, Kelley] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   [Guenther, Alex] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
RP Porter, WC (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM wporter@mit.edu
RI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; 
OI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; , /0000-0002-3121-8323
NR 51
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 37
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 5
AR 054004
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054004
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CJ0XA
UT WOS:000355201800006
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, YY
   Smith, SJ
   Zhao, KG
   Imhoff, M
   Thomson, A
   Bond-Lamberty, B
   Asrar, G
   Zhang, XS
   He, CY
   Elvidge, CD
AF Zhou, Yuyu
   Smith, Steven J.
   Zhao, Kaiguang
   Imhoff, Marc
   Thomson, Allison
   Bond-Lamberty, Ben
   Asrar, Ghassem R.
   Zhang, Xuesong
   He, Chunyang
   Elvidge, Christopher D.
TI A global map of urban extent from nightlights
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE nightlights; global; urban; threshold; DMSP/OLS
ID LAND-COVER DATABASE; UNITED-STATES; SATELLITE DATA; SURFACE-AREAS; CO2
   EMISSIONS; URBANIZATION; IMAGERY; CHINA; CONSEQUENCES; DYNAMICS
AB Urbanization, a major driver of global change, profoundly impacts our physical and social world, for example, altering not just water and carbon cycling, biodiversity, and climate, but also demography, public health, and economy. Understanding these consequences for better scientific insights and effective decision-making unarguably requires accurate information on urban extent and its spatial distributions. Wedeveloped a method to map the urban extent from the defense meteorological satellite program/operational linescan system nighttime stable-light data at the global level and created a new global 1 km urban extent map for the year 2000. Our map shows that globally, urban is about 0.5% of total land area but ranges widely at the regional level, from 0.1% in Oceania to 2.3% in Europe. At the country level, urbanized land varies from about 0.01 to 10%, but is lower than 1% for most (70%) countries. Urbanization follows land mass distribution, as anticipated, with the highest concentration between 30 degrees Nand 45 degrees N latitude and the largest longitudinal peak around 80 degrees W. Based on a sensitivity analysis and comparison with other global urban area products, we found that our global product of urban areas provides a reliable estimate of global urban areas and offers the potential for producing a time-series of urban area maps for temporal dynamics analyses.
C1 [Zhou, Yuyu; Smith, Steven J.; Thomson, Allison; Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Asrar, Ghassem R.; Zhang, Xuesong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
   [Zhao, Kaiguang] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA.
   [Imhoff, Marc] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [He, Chunyang] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Zhou, YY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM Yuyu.zhou@pnnl.gov
RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008; zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Elvidge,
   Christopher/C-3012-2009; Zhao, Kaiguang/D-1172-2010
OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633; 
FU NASA [NNH11ZDA001N-LCLUC]
FX We acknowledge the funding support from NASA ROSES LAND-COVER / LAND-USE
   CHANGE program (NNH11ZDA001N-LCLUC). We thank Dr Yaling Liu for a very
   useful internal review, and the many colleagues and organizations that
   shared data used in this project. The global map of urban area extent
   produced in this study can be requested from yuyu.zhou@pnnl.gov.
NR 43
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PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 1748-9326
J9 ENVIRON RES LETT
JI Environ. Res. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 5
AR 054011
DI 10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054011
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CJ0XA
UT WOS:000355201800013
ER

PT J
AU Sylvester, K
   Wang, QM
   James, B
   Mendez, R
   Hulfachor, AB
   Hittinger, CT
AF Sylvester, Kayla
   Wang, Qi-Ming
   James, Brielle
   Mendez, Russell
   Hulfachor, Amanda Beth
   Hittinger, Chris Todd
TI Temperature and host preferences drive the diversification of
   Saccharomyces and other yeasts: a survey and the discovery of eight new
   yeast species
SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE biodiversity; fungus-plant interactions; new yeast species
ID BASIDIOCARP-FEEDING BEETLES; XYLOSE-FERMENTING YEASTS; ATLANTIC
   RAIN-FOREST; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SP NOV.; ROTTING WOOD;
   PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; AMAZONIAN FOREST; CEREVISIAE; EVOLUTION
AB Compared to its status as an experimental model system and importance to industry, the ecology and genetic diversity of the genus Saccharomyces has received less attention. To investigate systematically the biogeography, community members and habitat of these important yeasts, we isolated and identified nearly 600 yeast strains using sugar-rich enrichment protocols. Isolates were highly diverse and contained representatives of more than 80 species from over 30 genera, including eight novel species that we describe here: Kwoniella betulae f.a. (yHKS285(T) = NRRL Y-63732(T) = CBS 13896(T)), Kwoniella newhampshirensis f.a. (yHKS256(T) = NRRL Y-63731(T) = CBS 13917(T)), Cryptococcus wisconsinensis (yHKS301(T) = NRRL Y-63733(T) = CBS 13895(T)), Cryptococcus tahquamenonensis (yHAB242(T) = NRRL Y-63730(T) = CBS 13897(T)), Kodamaea meredithiae f.a. (yHAB239(T) = NRRL Y-63729(T) = CBS 13899(T)), Blastobotrys buckinghamii (yHAB196(T) = NRRL Y-63727(T) = CBS 13900(T)), Candida sungouii (yHBJ21(T) = NRRL Y-63726(T) = CBS 13907(T)) and Cyberlindnera culbertsonii f.a. (yHAB218(T) = NRRL Y-63728(T) = CBS 13898(T)), spp. nov. Saccharomyces paradoxus was one of the most frequently isolated species and was represented by three genetically distinct lineages in Wisconsin alone. We found a statistically significant association between Quercus (oak) samples and the isolation of S. paradoxus, as well as several novel associations. Variation in temperature preference was widespread across taxonomic ranks and evolutionary timescales. This survey highlights the genetic and taxonomic diversity of yeasts and suggests that host and temperature preferences are major ecological factors.
C1 [Sylvester, Kayla; Wang, Qi-Ming; James, Brielle; Mendez, Russell; Hulfachor, Amanda Beth; Hittinger, Chris Todd] Univ Wisconsin, Genome Ctr Wisconsin, JF Crow Inst Study Evolut, Wisconsin Energy Inst,Lab Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Sylvester, Kayla; Mendez, Russell; Hittinger, Chris Todd] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Wang, Qi-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, State Key Lab Mycol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
RP Hittinger, CT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Genet Biotechnol Ctr 2434, Genet Lab, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
EM cthittinger@wisc.edu
FU National Science Foundation [DEB-1253634]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy
   Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Pew
   Charitable Trusts
FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science
   Foundation under Grant No. DEB-1253634 and funded in part by the DOE
   Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER
   DE-FC02-07ER64494). CTH is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences,
   supported by the Pew Charitable Trusts.
NR 83
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Z9 13
U1 3
U2 20
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1567-1356
EI 1567-1364
J9 FEMS YEAST RES
JI FEMS Yeast Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 3
AR fov002
DI 10.1093/femsyr/fov002
PG 16
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology
GA CJ2NV
UT WOS:000355322600001
ER

PT J
AU Lin, YZ
   Syracuse, EM
   Maceira, M
   Zhang, HJ
   Larmat, C
AF Lin, Youzuo
   Syracuse, Ellen M.
   Maceira, Monica
   Zhang, Haijiang
   Larmat, Carene
TI Double-difference traveltime tomography with edge-preserving
   regularization and a priori interfaces
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Inverse theory; Tomography; Body waves; Seismic tomography;
   Computational seismology
ID SPARSE LINEAR-EQUATIONS; LEAST-SQUARES; GEOPHYSICAL INVERSIONS;
   IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY; 3-D INVERSION; HAYWARD FAULT;
   MAGNETIC DATA; ALGORITHM; MINIMIZATION
AB Conventional traveltime seismic tomography methods with Tikhonov regularization (L-2 norm) typically produce smooth models, but these models may be inappropriate when subsurface structure contains discontinuous features, such as faults or fractures, indicating that tomographic models should contain sharp boundaries. For this reason, we develop a double-difference (DD) traveltime tomography method that uses a modified total-variation regularization scheme incorporated with a priori information on interfaces to preserve sharp property contrasts and obtain accurate inversion results. In order to solve the inversion problem, we employ an alternating minimization method to decouple the original DD tomography problem into two separate subproblems: a conventional DD tomography with Tikhonov regularization and a L-2 total-variation inversion. We use the LSQR linear solver to solve the Tikhonov inversion and the split-Bregman iterative method to solve the total-variation inversion. Through our numerical examples, we show that our new DD tomography method yields more accurate results than the conventional DD tomography method at almost the same computational cost.
C1 [Lin, Youzuo; Syracuse, Ellen M.; Maceira, Monica; Larmat, Carene] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Zhang, Haijiang] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
RP Lin, YZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, MS D452, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM ylin@lanl.gov
OI Maceira, Monica/0000-0003-1248-2185; Larmat, Carene
   S/0000-0002-3607-7558; Syracuse, Ellen/0000-0002-8145-8480
FU U.S. DOE [LDRD-20120047ER]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE (Grant LDRD-20120047ER). We
   thank Dr Charles Ammon from Penn State for his valuable suggestions.
   Thanks also to the developers of the Generic Mapping Tool (GMT; Wessel
   et al. 2013). We thank the Editor, Dr Egill Hauksson, and both
   reviewers, Dr Peter Lelievre and an anonymous reviewer for their
   valuable comments and suggestions.
NR 57
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
EI 1365-246X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 201
IS 2
BP 574
EP 594
DI 10.1093/gji/ggv047
PG 21
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA CJ2NB
UT WOS:000355320500005
ER

PT J
AU Agrawal, M
   Pulliam, J
   Sen, MK
   Dutta, U
   Pasyanos, ME
   Mellors, R
AF Agrawal, Mohit
   Pulliam, Jay
   Sen, Mrinal K.
   Dutta, Utpal
   Pasyanos, Michael E.
   Mellors, Robert
TI Crustal and uppermost mantle structure in the Middle East: assessing
   constraints provided by jointly modelling Ps and Sp receiver functions
   and Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves
SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Time-series analysis; Inverse theory; Probability distributions;
   Seismicity and tectonics; Computational seismology; Statistical
   seismology
ID CONTINENT-CONTINENT COLLISION; ANATOLIAN PLATEAU TURKEY; TURKISH-IRANIAN
   PLATEAU; MONTE CARLO INVERSION; MOUNTAIN BELT IRAN; SURROUNDING REGIONS;
   STRUCTURE BENEATH; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION;
   NEIGHBORHOOD ALGORITHM
AB Seismic velocity models are found, along with uncertainty estimates, for 11 sites in the Middle East by jointly modelling Ps and Sp receiver functions and surface (Rayleigh) wave group velocity dispersion. The approach performs a search for models that satisfy goodness-of-fit criteria guided by a variant of simulated annealing and uses statistical tools to assess these products of searches. These tools, a parameter correlation matrix and marginal posterior probability density (PPD) function, allow us to evaluate quantitatively the constraints that each data type imposes on model parameters and to identify portions of each model that are well-constrained relative to other portions. This joint modelling technique, which we call 'multi-objective optimization for seismology', does not require a good starting solution, although such a model can be incorporated easily, if available, and can reduce the computation time significantly. Applying the process described above to broadband seismic data reveals that crustal thickness varies from 15 km beneath Djibouti (station ATD) to 45 km beneath Saudi Arabia (station RAYN). A pronounced low velocity zone for both Vp and Vs is present at a depth of similar to 12 km beneath station KIV located in northern part of greater Caucasus, which may be due to the presence of a relatively young volcano. Similarly, we also noticed a 6-km-thick low velocity zone for Vp beginning at 20 km depth beneath seismic station AGIN, on the Anatolian plateau, while positive velocity gradients prevail elsewhere in eastern Turkey. Beneath station CSS, located in Cyprus, an anomalously slow layer is found in the uppermost mantle, which may indicate the presence of altered lithospheric material. Crustal P-and S-wave velocities beneath station D2, located in the northeastern portion of central Zagros, range between 5.2-6.2 and 3.2-3.8 km s(-1), respectively. In Oman, we find a Moho depth of 34.0 +/- 1.0 km and 25.0 +/- 1.0 to 30.0 +/- 1.0 km beneath stations S02 and S04, respectively.
C1 [Agrawal, Mohit; Pulliam, Jay] Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
   [Sen, Mrinal K.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA.
   [Dutta, Utpal] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Civil Engn, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
   [Pasyanos, Michael E.; Mellors, Robert] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Agrawal, M (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA.
EM mohit_agrawal@baylor.edu
RI Mellors, Robert/K-7479-2014; Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; GEOFON,
   GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012
OI Mellors, Robert/0000-0002-2723-5163; 
FU National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-09NA29327]; W.M. Keck
   Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX We thank C.J. Ammon and R.B. Herrmann for making their codes available
   for the computation of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion
   and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and
   criticism. We thank the Incorporated Research Institutions for
   Seismology (IRIS), Geoscope, and GEOFON for their roles in acquiring,
   archiving, and disseminating broadband seismic data for the Middle East.
   This research was supported by funding from the National Nuclear
   Security Administration (Contract DE-AC52-09NA29327) and the W.M. Keck
   Foundation. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S.
   Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under
   contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is LLNL contribution LLNL-JRNL-642041.
NR 107
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PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0956-540X
EI 1365-246X
J9 GEOPHYS J INT
JI Geophys. J. Int.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 201
IS 2
BP 783
EP 810
DI 10.1093/gji/ggv050
PG 28
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA CJ2NB
UT WOS:000355320500017
ER

PT J
AU Kodavasal, J
   Kolodziej, CP
   Ciatti, SA
   Som, S
AF Kodavasal, Janardhan
   Kolodziej, Christopher P.
   Ciatti, Stephen A.
   Som, Sibendu
TI Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Gasoline Compression Ignition
SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
LA English
DT Article
ID ENGINE CONDITIONS; COMBUSTION; DURATION; MODEL
AB Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a low temperature combustion (LTC) concept that has been gaining increasing interest over the recent years owing to its potential to achieve diesel-like thermal efficiencies with significantly reduced engine-out nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot emissions compared to diesel engines. In this work, closed-cycle computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed of this combustion mode using a sector mesh in an effort to understand effects of model settings on simulation results. One goal of this work is to provide recommendations for grid resolution, combustion model, chemical kinetic mechanism, and turbulence model to accurately capture experimental combustion characteristics. Grid resolutions ranging from 0.7 mm to 0.1 mm minimum cell sizes were evaluated in conjunction with both Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) based turbulence models. Solution of chemical kinetics using the multizone approach is evaluated against the detailed approach of solving chemistry in every cell. The relatively small primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism (48 species) used in this study is also evaluated against a larger 312-species gasoline mechanism. Based on these studies, the following model settings are chosen keeping in mind both accuracy and computation costs-0.175mm minimum cell size grid, RANS turbulence model, 48-species PRF mechanism, and multizone chemistry solution with bin limits of 5 K in temperature and 0.05 in equivalence ratio. With these settings, the performance of the CFD model is evaluated against experimental results corresponding to a low load start of injection (SOI) timing sweep. The model is then exercised to investigate the effect of SOI on combustion phasing with constant intake valve closing (IVC) conditions and fueling over a range of SOI timings to isolate the impact of SOI on charge preparation and ignition. Simulation results indicate that there is an optimum SOI timing, in this case -30 deg aTDC (after top dead center), which results in the most stable combustion. Advancing injection with respect to this point leads to significant fuel mass burning in the colder squish region, leading to retarded phasing and ultimately misfire for SOI timings earlier than -42 deg aTDC. On the other hand, retarding injection beyond this optimum timing results in reduced residence time available for gasoline ignition kinetics, and also leads to retarded phasing, with misfire at SOI timings later than -15 deg aTDC.
C1 [Kodavasal, Janardhan; Kolodziej, Christopher P.; Ciatti, Stephen A.; Som, Sibendu] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Kodavasal, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM jkodavasal@anl.gov; ckolodziej@anl.gov; sciatti@anl.gov; ssom@anl.gov
FU United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Vehicle
   Technologies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The authors would also like to acknowledge Ms. Bishwadipa Das Adhikary
   and Professor Rolf Reitz of the University of Wisconsin for providing us
   with the CFD mesh and for valuable discussions. We also acknowledge Dr.
   Peter Kelly Senecal of Convergent Science Inc. for helping us with the
   initial setup of the simulations in CONVERGE. This research was funded
   by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Vehicle
   Technologies, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors wish to thank Gurpreet
   Singh, program manager at DOE, for his support.
NR 57
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PI NEW YORK
PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA
SN 0195-0738
J9 J ENERG RESOUR-ASME
JI J. Energy Resour. Technol.-Trans. ASME
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 137
IS 3
AR 032212
DI 10.1115/1.4029963
PG 13
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA CJ1ZT
UT WOS:000355284500017
ER

PT J
AU Bidkar, S
   Gumaste, A
   Ghodasara, P
   Kushwaha, A
   Wang, JP
   Somani, A
AF Bidkar, Sarvesh
   Gumaste, Ashwin
   Ghodasara, Puneet
   Kushwaha, Annirudha
   Wang, Jianping
   Somani, Arun
TI Scalable Segment Routing-A New Paradigm for Efficient Service Provider
   Networking Using Carrier Ethernet Advances
SO JOURNAL OF OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
LA English
DT Article
DE Carrier Ethernet; Compact routing; Omnipresent Ethernet; Segment routing
ID EVOLUTION; STRETCH; GRAPHS; ROUTER; ENERGY
AB Segment routing has recently been proposed in the IETF toward making IP/MPLS networks service-oriented while simplifying network operations. Segment routing computes paths at the source node using node identifiers and adjacency identifiers conjoined together to create a source-routed path. We propose a scalable transport paradigm as an enabler toward implementing segment routing in provider networks. We propose omnipresent Ethernet, our modification of carrier Ethernet (which is based on source-routed, binary-routed labels embedded in an Ethernet frame), to implement segment routing. We identify some of the scalability issues of the segment-routing proposal in the context of source-routing overhead. To absolve scalability issues of segment routing, two routing schemes that implement multidomain source-routing techniques are proposed. The hierarchical segment-routing (H-SR) scheme is proposed, which deploys a limited number of special nodes called swap nodes that are capable of label swapping to implement routing. The swap-node placement problem is formulated as an integer linear program to minimize the total routing distance within a network. Three heuristic techniques for swap-node selection based on centrality paradigms are presented. The H-SR scheme is further improved by a proposed multisegment-routing (M-SR) scheme that assumes all nodes in the network to be capable of label swapping. The H-SR and M-SR schemes are shown to significantly enhance the scalability of segment routing. A test-bed is built using carrier Ethernet hardware to support segment routing that validates the implementation of the proposed schemes. A simulation model to evaluate the schemes from a scalability perspective and their associated trade-offs is presented.
C1 [Bidkar, Sarvesh; Ghodasara, Puneet; Kushwaha, Annirudha] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
   [Gumaste, Ashwin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Wang, Jianping] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Comp Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Somani, Arun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
RP Bidkar, S (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
EM ashwing@ieee.org
RI Somani, Arun /C-5961-2017; 
OI Somani, Arun /0000-0002-6248-4376; WANG, Jianping /0000-0002-9318-1482
NR 23
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1943-0620
EI 1943-0639
J9 J OPT COMMUN NETW
JI J. Opt. Commun. Netw.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 5
BP 445
EP 460
DI 10.1364/JOCN.7.000445
PG 16
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information
   Systems; Optics; Telecommunications
SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications
GA CJ1QR
UT WOS:000355259500006
ER

PT J
AU Capobianco, RM
   Gruszkiewicz, MS
   Bodnar, RJ
   Rimstidt, JD
AF Capobianco, Ryan M.
   Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw S.
   Bodnar, Robert J.
   Rimstidt, J. Donald
TI Conductivity Measurements on H2O-Bearing CO2-Rich Fluids
SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon dioxide; CO2 + H2O; Carbonic acid; Electrolytic conductivity;
   Ionization; CCS; EGS
ID CARBONIC-ACID; SUPERCRITICAL CO2; CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS;
   IONIZATION-CONSTANT; SALINE FORMATIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES;
   AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GAS-RESERVOIRS; NACL SOLUTIONS; BINARY-SYSTEM
AB Recent studies report rapid corrosion of metals and carbonation of minerals in contact with carbon dioxide containing trace amounts of dissolved water. One explanation for this behavior is that addition of small amounts of H2O to CO2 leads to significant ionization within the fluid, thus promoting reactions at the fluid-solid interface analogous to corrosion associated with aqueous fluids. The extent of ionization in the bulk CO2 fluid was determined using a flow-through conductivity cell capable of detecting very low conductivities. Experiments were conducted from 298 to 473 K and 7.39 to 20 MPa with H2O concentrations up to similar to 1,600 ppmw (mole fraction of water, a parts per thousand 3.9 x 10(-3)), corresponding to the H2O solubility limit in liquid CO2 at ambient temperature. All solutions showed conductivities < 10 nS center dot cm(-1), indicating that the bulk solutions were essentially ion-free. This observation suggests that the observed corrosion and carbonation reactions are not the result of ionization in CO2-rich bulk phase, but does not preclude ionization in the fluid at the fluid-solid interface.
C1 [Capobianco, Ryan M.; Bodnar, Robert J.; Rimstidt, J. Donald] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
   [Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Gruszkiewicz, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, MS-6110,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM gruszkiewicz@ornl.gov
RI Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw/L-2389-2016
OI Gruszkiewicz, Miroslaw/0000-0002-6551-6724
FU ORNL's part of the Center for Nanoscale Control of Geologic CO2, an
   Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory; National Science Foundation Graduate Research
   Fellowship [DGE-0822220]
FX The authors wish to thank Jacques Pironon and three unnamed reviewers
   for critical reviews of this manuscript and Matthew Steele-MacInnis for
   useful discussions and assistance with calculations. This material is
   based upon work supported as ORNL's part of the Center for Nanoscale
   Control of Geologic CO<INF>2</INF>, an Energy Frontier Research Center
   funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. This
   material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation
   Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-0822220. Any opinion,
   findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material
   are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of
   the National Science Foundation.
NR 52
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 7
U2 23
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0095-9782
EI 1572-8927
J9 J SOLUTION CHEM
JI J. Solut. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 44
IS 5
SI SI
BP 934
EP 962
DI 10.1007/s10953-014-0219-7
PG 29
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA CJ1HP
UT WOS:000355235000005
ER

PT J
AU Ahn, S
   Zhu, WD
   Dong, C
   Le, L
   Hwang, YH
   Kim, BJ
   Ren, F
   Pearton, SJ
   Lind, AG
   Jones, KS
   Kravchenko, II
   Zhang, ML
AF Ahn, Shihyun
   Zhu, Weidi
   Dong, Chen
   Le, Lingcong
   Hwang, Ya-Hsi
   Kim, Byung-Jae
   Ren, Fan
   Pearton, Stephen J.
   Lind, Aaron G.
   Jones, Kevin S.
   Kravchenko, I. I.
   Zhang, Ming-Lan
TI Study of the effects of GaN buffer layer quality on the dc
   characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THICKNESS
AB The effect of buffer layer quality on dc characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility (HEMTs) was studied. AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures with 2 and 5 mu m GaN buffer layers on sapphire substrates from two different vendors with the same Al concentration of AlGaN were used. The defect densities of HEMT structures with 2 and 5 mu m GaN buffer layer were 7 x 10(9) and 5 x 10(8) cm(-2), respectively, as measured by transmission electron microscopy. There was little difference in drain saturation current or in transfer characteristics in HEMTs on these two types of buffer. However, there was no dispersion observed on the nonpassivated HEMTs with 5 mu m GaN buffer layer for gate-lag pulsed measurement at 100 kHz, which was in sharp contrast to the 71% drain current reduction for the HEMT with 2 mu m GaN buffer layer. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.
C1 [Ahn, Shihyun; Zhu, Weidi; Dong, Chen; Le, Lingcong; Hwang, Ya-Hsi; Kim, Byung-Jae; Ren, Fan] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Pearton, Stephen J.; Lind, Aaron G.; Jones, Kevin S.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Kravchenko, I. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
   [Zhang, Ming-Lan] Hebei Univ Technol, Dept Elect Sci & Technol, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
RP Ahn, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM fren@che.ufl.edu
RI Kravchenko, Ivan/K-3022-2015
OI Kravchenko, Ivan/0000-0003-4999-5822
FU U.S. DOD HDTRA [1-11-1-0020]; NSF [ECCS-1445720]
FX The work performed at UF was supported by an U.S. DOD HDTRA Grant No.
   1-11-1-0020 monitored by James Reed and a NSF Grant No. ECCS-1445720
   monitored by John Zavada. The authors would like to thank Ajit Paranjpe
   for materials support. A portion of this research was conducted at the
   Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of
   Science User Facility.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 14
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 031210
DI 10.1116/1.4918715
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA CI8HJ
UT WOS:000355011700029
ER

PT J
AU Hwang, YH
   Ahn, S
   Dong, C
   Zhu, WD
   Kim, BJ
   Le, L
   Ren, F
   Lind, AG
   Dahl, J
   Jones, KS
   Pearton, SJ
   Kravchenko, II
   Zhang, ML
AF Hwang, Ya-Hsi
   Ahn, Shihyun
   Dong, Chen
   Zhu, Weidi
   Kim, Byung-Jae
   Le, Lingcong
   Ren, Fan
   Lind, Aaron G.
   Dahl, James
   Jones, Kevin S.
   Pearton, Stephen J.
   Kravchenko, Ivan I.
   Zhang, Ming-Lan
TI Degradation mechanisms of Ti/Al/Ni/Au-based Ohmic contacts on AlGaN/GaN
   HEMTs
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
ID ETCH RATES
AB The degradation mechanism of Ti/Al/Ni/Au-based Ohmic metallization on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors upon exposure to buffer oxide etchant (BOE) was investigated. The major effect of BOE on the Ohmic metal was an increase of sheet resistance from 2.89 to 3.69 Omega/square after 3min BOE treatment. The alloyed Ohmic metallization consisted 3-5 mu m Ni-Al alloy islands surrounded by Au-Al alloy-rings. The morphology of both the islands and ring areas became flatter after BOE etching. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and Auger electron microscopy were used to analyze the compositions and metal distributions in the metal alloys prior to and after BOE exposure. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.
C1 [Hwang, Ya-Hsi; Ahn, Shihyun; Dong, Chen; Zhu, Weidi; Kim, Byung-Jae; Le, Lingcong; Ren, Fan] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Lind, Aaron G.; Dahl, James; Jones, Kevin S.; Pearton, Stephen J.] Univ Florida, Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
   [Kravchenko, Ivan I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
   [Zhang, Ming-Lan] Hebei Univ Technol, Dept Elect Sci & Technol, Tianjin 300401, Peoples R China.
RP Hwang, YH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
EM fren@che.ufl.edu
RI Kravchenko, Ivan/K-3022-2015
OI Kravchenko, Ivan/0000-0003-4999-5822
FU U.S. DOD HDTRA [1-11-1-0020]; NSF [ECCS-1445720]
FX The work performed at UF is supported by an U.S. DOD HDTRA Grant No.
   1-11-1-0020 monitored by James Reed and a NSF Grant No. ECCS-1445720
   monitored by John Zavada. A portion of this research was conducted at
   the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of
   Science User Facility. The authors would like to thank Pat McKeown in
   Evans Analytical Group for very fruitful discussion of Auger results.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 10
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 031212
DI 10.1116/1.4919237
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA CI8HJ
UT WOS:000355011700031
ER

PT J
AU Klebanoff, LE
   Geller, AS
   Torczynski, JR
   Gallis, MA
   Rader, DJ
   Chilese, FC
   Garcia, RF
   Delgado, G
AF Klebanoff, Leonard E.
   Geller, Anthony S.
   Torczynski, John R.
   Gallis, Michael A.
   Rader, Daniel J.
   Chilese, Frank C.
   Garcia, Rudy F.
   Delgado, Gil
TI Protection of extreme ultraviolet lithography masks. I. Thermophoretic
   protection factors at low pressure for diffusing nanoscale particles
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
ID PARALLEL-PLATE REACTORS; AEROSOL FLOW; EUVL MASKS; TRANSPORT; SCHEMES;
   CONTAMINATION; VERIFICATION; DEPOSITION
AB Model calculations are presented for thermophoretic protection of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask placed face down in an EUV mask inspection tool. The protection factors, defined as the ratio of challenge particles to deposited particles, are calculated for a variety of test conditions (temperature gradient, gas type, particle density, and particle position) for a reticle bathed in clean gas from a facing showerhead. Thermophoretic protection (in combination with gravity) provides robust protection for particle sizes greater than similar to 20 nm. However, for particle sizes less than similar to 20 nm, protection falters quickly and is severely degraded for highly diffusing 10 nm particles that are of concern for mask contamination. Estimates are made for the required level of particle protection in both EUV mask inspection and EUV projection lithography. When compared with these estimates for the required protection, it is clear that thermophoresis alone cannot successfully defend against particles smaller than similar to 20 nm, and must be augmented or replaced by another approach. Initial calculations are presented that suggest a cross-cutting gas flow, in combination with thermophoresis and a face-down mask orientation, can successfully protect mask surfaces from particle deposition for particles with 10 nm diameter or greater, motivating more detailed calculations of flow-based mask protection in a companion paper Part II. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.
C1 [Klebanoff, Leonard E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Geller, Anthony S.; Torczynski, John R.; Gallis, Michael A.; Rader, Daniel J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Chilese, Frank C.; Garcia, Rudy F.; Delgado, Gil] KLA Tencor Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA.
RP Klebanoff, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM lekleba@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors thank Dan Wack (KLA-Tencor), John Goldsmith (Sandia), and
   Neal Fornaciari (Sandia) for helpful conversations. This work originates
   from the KLA-Tencor/Sandia CRADA 1785.03. Sandia National Laboratories
   is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia
   Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation,
   for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 37
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 10
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 031601
DI 10.1116/1.4916210
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA CI8HJ
UT WOS:000355011700034
ER

PT J
AU Klebanoff, LE
   Torczynski, JR
   Geller, AS
   Gallis, MA
   Rader, DJ
   Chilese, FC
   Garcia, RF
   Delgado, G
AF Klebanoff, Leonard E.
   Torczynski, John R.
   Geller, Anthony S.
   Gallis, Michael A.
   Rader, Daniel J.
   Chilese, Frank C.
   Garcia, Rudy F.
   Delgado, Gil
TI Protection of extreme ultraviolet lithography masks. II. Showerhead flow
   mitigation of nanoscale particulate contamination
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY-CONDITION; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT
AB An analysis is presented of a method to protect the reticle (mask) in an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask inspection tool using a showerhead plenum to provide a continuous flow of clean gas over the surface of a reticle. The reticle is suspended in an inverted fashion (face down) within a stage/holder that moves back and forth over the showerhead plenum as the reticle is inspected. It is essential that no particles of 10-nm diameter or larger be deposited on the reticle during inspection. Particles can originate from multiple sources in the system, and mask protection from each source is explicitly analyzed. The showerhead plate has an internal plenum with a solid conical wall isolating the aperture. The upper and lower surfaces of the plate are thin flat sheets of porous-metal material. These porous sheets form the top and bottom showerheads that supply the region between the showerhead plate and the reticle and the region between the conical aperture and the Optics Zone box with continuous flows of clean gas. The model studies show that the top showerhead provides robust reticle protection from particles of 10-nm diameter or larger originating from the Reticle Zone and from plenum surfaces contaminated by exposure to the Reticle Zone. Protection is achieved with negligible effect on EUV transmission. The bottom showerhead efficiently protects the reticle from nanoscale particles originating from the Optics Zone. With similar mass flow rates from the two showerheads, this system provides efficient protection even when a significant overpressure exists between the Optics Zone and the Reticle Zone. Performance is insensitive to the fraction of incident particles that sticks to walls, the accommodation coefficient, the aperture geometry, and the gas pressure. The showerheads also protect the aperture (and therefore the Optics Zone) during mask loading and unloading. Commercially available porous-metal media have properties suitable for these showerheads at the required flow rates. The benefits of the approach compared to a conceptual EUV pellicle are described. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.
C1 [Klebanoff, Leonard E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Torczynski, John R.; Geller, Anthony S.; Gallis, Michael A.; Rader, Daniel J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Chilese, Frank C.; Garcia, Rudy F.; Delgado, Gil] KLA Tencor Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA.
RP Klebanoff, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM lekleba@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX The authors thank Kenneth Rubow, Mott Corporation, for many helpful
   technical discussions and for providing experimentally inferred values
   of the Klinkenberg parameter for nitrogen flowing through all grades of
   Mott porous-metal media. The authors also thank Dan Wack (KLA-Tencor),
   John Goldsmith (Sandia) and Neal Fornaciari (Sandia) for helpful
   conversations. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program
   laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned
   subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of
   Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
   DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 13
PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 33
IS 3
AR 031602
DI 10.1116/1.4916212
PG 21
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA CI8HJ
UT WOS:000355011700035
ER

PT J
AU Dey, SS
   Foley, JE
   Limsirichai, P
   Schaffer, DV
   Arkin, AP
AF Dey, Siddharth S.
   Foley, Jonathan E.
   Limsirichai, Prajit
   Schaffer, David V.
   Arkin, Adam P.
TI Orthogonal control of expression mean and variance by epigenetic
   features at different genomic loci
SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE chromatin environment; gene expression noise; single-cell biology;
   single-molecule RNA FISH
ID STOCHASTIC GENE-EXPRESSION; SINGLE-CELL; HIV-1 INTEGRATION; BIOLOGICAL
   NOISE; PROMOTER; REVEALS; TRANSCRIPTION; ORGANIZATION; KINETICS; DRUG
AB While gene expression noise has been shown to drive dramatic phenotypic variations, the molecular basis for this variability in mammalian systems is not well understood. Gene expression has been shown to be regulated by promoter architecture and the associated chromatin environment. However, the exact contribution of these two factors in regulating expression noise has not been explored. Using a dual-reporter lentiviral model system, we deconvolved the influence of the promoter sequence to systematically study the contribution of the chromatin environment at different genomic locations in regulating expression noise. By integrating a large-scale analysis to quantify mRNA levels by smFISH and protein levels by flow cytometry in single cells, we found that mean expression and noise are uncorrelated across genomic locations. Furthermore, we showed that this independence could be explained by the orthogonal control of mean expression by the transcript burst size and noise by the burst frequency. Finally, we showed that genomic locations displaying higher expression noise are associated with more repressed chromatin, thereby indicating the contribution of the chromatin environment in regulating expression noise.
C1 [Dey, Siddharth S.; Schaffer, David V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Dey, Siddharth S.; Schaffer, David V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Dey, Siddharth S.; Schaffer, David V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Foley, Jonathan E.; Schaffer, David V.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Limsirichai, Prajit] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Schaffer, David V.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, DOE, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Schaffer, DV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM schaffer@berkeley.edu; aparkin@lbl.gov
RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008
OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931
FU NIH [R01-GM073058]
FX We thank Hector Nolla and Alma Valeros for assistance with cell sorting
   at the UC Berkeley Flow Cytometry Core Facility. This work was supported
   by the NIH grant R01-GM073058 to APA and DVS.
NR 55
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 2
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1744-4292
J9 MOL SYST BIOL
JI Mol. Syst. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
AR 806
PG 14
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA CJ2AH
UT WOS:000355286000001
PM 25943345
ER

PT J
AU Keszenman, DJ
   Kolodiuk, L
   Baulch, JE
AF Keszenman, Deborah J.
   Kolodiuk, Lucia
   Baulch, Janet E.
TI DNA damage in cells exhibiting radiation-induced genomic instability
SO MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; IONIZING-RADIATION;
   CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; BIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES;
   HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LESIONS; CANCER; MECHANISMS
AB Cells exhibiting radiation-induced genomic instability exhibit varied spectra of genetic and chromosomal aberrations. Even so, oxidative stress remains a common theme in the initiation and/or perpetuation of this phenomenon. Isolated oxidatively modified bases, abasic sites, DNA single strand breaks and clustered DNA damage are induced in normal mammalian cultured cells and tissues due to endogenous reactive oxygen species generated during normal cellular metabolism in an aerobic environment. While sparse DNA damage may be easily repaired, clustered DNA damage may lead to persistent cytotoxic or mutagenic events that can lead to genomic instability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that DNA damage signatures characterised by altered levels of endogenous, potentially mutagenic, types of DNA damage and chromosomal breakage are related to radiation-induced genomic instability and persistent oxidative stress phenotypes observed in the chromosomally unstable progeny of irradiated cells. The measurement of oxypurine, oxypyrimidine and abasic site endogenous DNA damage showed differences in non-double-strand breaks (DSB) clusters among the three of the four unstable clones evaluated as compared to genomically stable clones and the parental cell line. These three unstable clones also had increased levels of DSB clusters. The results of this study demonstrate that each unstable cell line has a unique spectrum of persistent damage and lead us to speculate that alterations in DNA damage signaling and repair may be related to the perpetuation of genomic instability.
C1 [Keszenman, Deborah J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Keszenman, Deborah J.] UdelaR, CENUR Noroeste, Dept Biol Sci, Lab Med & Environm Radiobiol,Biophys Chem Grp, Salto 50000, Uruguay.
   [Kolodiuk, Lucia] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
   [Baulch, Janet E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Radiat Oncol, Med Sci 1, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Keszenman, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biosci, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM keszenman@unorte.edu.uy
FU NASA [NNX13AK69G, NNX13AK70G]; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; BNL LDRD [12-012]
FX This work was supported by NASA Grants NNX13AK69G and NNX13AK70G to
   J.E.B. A portion of this article has been authored by Brookhaven Science
   Associates, LLC under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S.
   Department of Energy and was funded by BNL LDRD 12-012 (Deborah
   Keszenman/Paul F. Wilson).
NR 54
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0267-8357
EI 1464-3804
J9 MUTAGENESIS
JI Mutagenesis
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 30
IS 3
BP 451
EP 458
DI 10.1093/mutage/gev006
PG 8
WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA CJ2MB
UT WOS:000355317800016
PM 25711497
ER

PT J
AU Li, J
   Yu, KY
   Chen, Y
   Song, M
   Wang, H
   Kirk, MA
   Li, M
   Zhang, X
AF Li, J.
   Yu, K. Y.
   Chen, Y.
   Song, M.
   Wang, H.
   Kirk, M. A.
   Li, M.
   Zhang, X.
TI In Situ Study of Defect Migration Kinetics and Self-Healing of Twin
   Boundaries in Heavy Ion Irradiated Nanotwinned Metals
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanotwinned Ag; in situ radiation; defect migration kinetics;
   self-healing
ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; HELIUM IMPLANTATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS;
   DISLOCATION LOOPS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; RADIATION-DAMAGE; NANOLAYERS;
   ENERGY; CU
AB High energy particles introduce severe radiation damage in metallic materials, such as Ag. Here we report On the study on twin boundary (TB) affected zone in irradiated nanotwinned Ag wherein time accumulative defect density and defect diffusivity are substantially different from those in twin interior. In situ studies also reveal surprising resilience and self healing of TBs in response to radiation: This study provides further support for the design of radiation-tolerant twinned metallic materials.
C1 [Li, J.; Chen, Y.; Song, M.; Zhang, X.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Zhang, X.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Yu, K. Y.] China Univ Petr, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Kirk, M. A.; Li, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
EM zhangx@tamu.edu
RI Yu, Kaiyuan /B-8398-2014; Chen, Youxing/P-5006-2016
OI Yu, Kaiyuan /0000-0002-5442-2992; Chen, Youxing/0000-0003-1111-4495
FU NSF-DMR-Metallic Materials and Nanostructures Program [1304101];
   NSF-CMMI [1161978]; DOE-OBES [DE-SC0010482]; CUPB [2462014 YJRC019]
FX We acknowledge financial support by NSF-DMR-Metallic Materials and
   Nanostructures Program under grant no. 1304101. YC is supported
   financially by NSF-CMMI 1161978. KY Yu and the work on fabrication of
   nanotwinned metal are supported by DOE-OBES under grant no.
   DE-SC0010482. KY Yu acknowledges financial support by CUPB under grant
   no. 2462014 YJRC019. We also thank Peter M. Baldo and Edward A. Ryan at
   Argonne National Laboratory for their help during in situ irradiation
   experiments. The IVEM facility at Argonne National Laboratory is
   supported by DOE-Office of Nuclear Energy. Access to the DOE - Center
   for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) at Los Alamos and Sandia National
   Laboratories and Microscopy and Imaging Center at Texas A&M University
   is equally acknowledged.
NR 38
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 4
U2 44
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 2922
EP 2927
DI 10.1021/nl504677z
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000023
PM 25768722
ER

PT J
AU Hill, HM
   Rigosi, AF
   Roquelet, C
   Chernikov, A
   Berkelbach, TC
   Reichman, DR
   Hybertsen, MS
   Brus, LE
   Heinz, TF
AF Hill, Heather M.
   Rigosi, Albert F.
   Roquelet, Cyrielle
   Chernikov, Alexey
   Berkelbach, Timothy C.
   Reichman, David R.
   Hybertsen, Mark S.
   Brus, Louis E.
   Heinz, Tony F.
TI Observation of Excitonic Rydberg States in Monolayer MoS2 and WS2 by
   Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Transition metal dichalcogenides; molybdenum disulfide; tungsten
   disulfide; 2D materials; binding energy; excitons
ID TRANSITION-METAL DICHALCOGENIDES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION;
   MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; VALLEY POLARIZATION; ATOMIC LAYERS;
   HETEROSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTOR; GROWTH; WSE2; GAP
AB We have identified excited exciton states in monolayers of MoS2 and WS2 supported on fused silica by means of photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. In monolayer WS2, the positions of the excited A exciton states imply an exciton binding energy of 0.32 eV. In monolayer MoS2, excited exciton transitions are observed at energies of 2.24 and 2.34 eV. Assigning these states to the B exciton Rydberg series yields an exciton binding energy of 0.44 eV.
C1 [Hill, Heather M.; Rigosi, Albert F.; Roquelet, Cyrielle; Chernikov, Alexey; Heinz, Tony F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Hill, Heather M.; Rigosi, Albert F.; Roquelet, Cyrielle; Chernikov, Alexey; Heinz, Tony F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Berkelbach, Timothy C.; Reichman, David R.; Brus, Louis E.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Hybertsen, Mark S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Heinz, TF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
EM tony.heinz@columbia.edu
RI Heinz, Tony/K-7797-2015; 
OI Heinz, Tony/0000-0003-1365-9464; Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-SC0001085]; AMOS program within the Chemical Sciences,
   Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of
   Science, U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation
   [DMR-1122594]; NSF through an IGERT [DGE-1069240]; Keck Foundation;
   Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research
   Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC05-06OR23100]
FX We would like to thank Dr. Christophe Voisin for helpful discussions.
   This work was made possible by the Center for Redefining Photovoltaic
   Efficiency through Molecule Scale Control, an Energy Frontier Research
   Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant DE-SC0001085, with research
   at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory supported by the AMOS program
   within the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division,
   Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy.
   Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation
   through Grant DMR-1122594. H.M.H. and A.F.R. were supported by the NSF
   through an IGERT Fellowship under Grant DGE-1069240 and through a
   Graduate Research Fellowship, respectively. C.R. acknowledges support
   from the Keck Foundation and A.C. from the Alexander von Humboldt
   Foundation through a Feodor Lynen Research Fellowship. The theoretical
   studies were supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences and were carried out at the Center for Functional
   Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory through Contract No.
   DE-AC02-98CH10886 (M.S.H) and at Columbia University through Grant
   DE-AC05-06OR23100 (T.C.B.).
NR 57
TC 53
Z9 53
U1 25
U2 201
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 2992
EP 2997
DI 10.1021/nl504868p
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000034
PM 25816155
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, YF
   Nie, AM
   Odegard, GM
   Xu, R
   Zhou, DH
   Santhanagopalan, S
   He, K
   Asayesh-Ardakani, H
   Meng, DD
   Klie, RF
   Johnson, C
   Lu, J
   Shahbazian-Yassar, R
AF Yuan, Yifei
   Nie, Anmin
   Odegard, Gregory M.
   Xu, Rui
   Zhou, Dehua
   Santhanagopalan, Sunand
   He, Kun
   Asayesh-Ardakani, Hasti
   Meng, Dennis Desheng
   Klie, Robert F.
   Johnson, Christopher
   Lu, Jun
   Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza
TI Asynchronous Crystal Cell Expansion during Lithiation of K+-Stabilized
   alpha-MnO2
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE in-situ TEM; Li-ion batteries; MnO2; nanowires; tunneled structure
ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU;
   MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIATION; NANOSTRUCTURED MNO2;
   ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; OXIDE ELECTRODES; HIGH-VOLTAGE; CRYPTOMELANE
AB alpha-MnO2 is a promising material for Li-ion batteries and has unique tunneled structure that facilitates the diffusion of Li+. The overall electrochemical performance of a-MnO2 is determined by the tunneled structure stability during its interaction with Li+, the mechanism of which is, however, poorly understood. In this paper, a novel tetragonal-orthorhombic-tetragonal symmetric transition during lithiation of K+-stabilized a-MnO2 is observed using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Atomic resolution imaging indicated that 1 x 1 and 2 x 2 tunnels exist along c ([001]) direction of the nanowire. The morphology of a partially lithiated nanowire observed in the ?100? projection is largely dependent on crystallographic orientation ([100] or [010]), indicating the existence of asynchronous expansion of alpha-MnO(2)s tetragonal unit cell along a and b lattice directions, which results in a tetragonal-orthorhombic-tetragonal (TOT) symmetric transition upon lithiation. Such a TOT transition is confirmed by diffraction analysis and Mn valence quantification. Density functional theory (DFT) confirms that Wyckoff 8h sites inside 2 x 2 tunnels are the preferred sites for Li+ occupancy. The sequential Li+ filling at 8h sites leads to asynchronous expansion and symmetry degradation of the host lattice as well as tunnel instability upon lithiation. These findings provide fundamental understanding for appearance of stepwise potential variation during the discharge of Li/alpha-MnO2 batteries as well as the origin for low practical capacity and fast capacity fading of alpha-MnO2 as an intercalated electrode.
C1 [Yuan, Yifei; He, Kun] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
   [Yuan, Yifei; Xu, Rui; Zhou, Dehua; Johnson, Christopher; Lu, Jun] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Nie, Anmin; Odegard, Gregory M.; Santhanagopalan, Sunand; Asayesh-Ardakani, Hasti; Meng, Dennis Desheng; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
   [Santhanagopalan, Sunand; Meng, Dennis Desheng] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA.
   [He, Kun] Shandong Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Jinan 250061, Peoples R China.
   [Klie, Robert F.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.
RP Nie, AM (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA.
EM anie@mtu.edu; reza@mtu.edu
RI Nie, Anmin/N-7859-2014
OI Nie, Anmin/0000-0002-0180-1366
FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200383, DMR-1410560, CMMI-1439494,
   DMR-0959470]; American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund
   [51458-ND10]
FX R. Shahbazian-Yassar acknowledges the financial support from the
   National Science Foundation (Awards No. CMMI-1200383 and DMR-1410560)
   and the American Chemical Society-Petroleum Research Fund (Award No.
   51458-ND10). D. Meng acknowledges the financial support from the
   National Science Foundation (Awards No. CMMI-1439494). The acquisition
   of the UIC JEOL JEM-ARM200CF is supported by an MRI-R2 grant from the
   National Science Foundation (Award No. DMR-0959470). Thanks Dr. Alan
   Nicholls and Dr. Ke-Bin Low from RRC of UIC for the assistance on TEM
   sample preparation. SUPERIOR, a high-performance computing cluster at
   Michigan Technological University, was used in obtaining some of results
   presented in this publication. Thanks to Dr. Yang Ren from the Advanced
   Photon Source (APS) beamline 11-ID-C (Argonne National Laboratory) for
   the directions to carry out the in situ synchrotron XRD experiment and
   subsequent data analysis.
NR 58
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 20
U2 127
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 2998
EP 3007
DI 10.1021/nl5048913
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000035
PM 25871572
ER

PT J
AU Gui, ZG
   Wang, LW
   Bellaiche, L
AF Gui, Zhigang
   Wang, Lin-Wang
   Bellaiche, L.
TI Electronic Properties of Electrical Vortices in Ferroelectric
   Nanocomposites from Large-Scale Ab Initio Computations
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Topological defect; electrical vortex; conductivity; nanocomposite; band
   alignment; linear scaling method
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL BATIO3; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITES; CLOSURE;
   NANORODS; SRTIO3; ENERGY
AB An original ab initio procedure is developed and applied to a ferroelectric nanocomposite, in order to reveal the effect of electrical vortices on electronic properties. Such procedure involves the combination of two large-scale numerical schemes, namely, the effective Hamiltonian (to incorporate ionic degrees of freedom) and the linear-scaling three-dimensional fragment method (to treat electronic degrees of freedom). The use of such procedure sheds some light into the origin of the recently observed current that is activated at rather low voltages in systems possessing electrical vortices. It also reveals a novel electronic phenomena that is a systematic control of the type of the band-alignment (i.e., type I versus type II) within the same material via the temperature-driven annihilation/formation of electrical topological defects.
C1 [Gui, Zhigang; Bellaiche, L.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
   [Gui, Zhigang; Bellaiche, L.] Univ Arkansas, Inst Nanosci & Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
   [Wang, Lin-Wang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Gui, ZG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM zgui@email.uark.edu
FU ARO [W911NF-12-1-0085]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [ER-46612]; Theory of Material project by Office of Science
   (SC), Basic Energy Science (BES)/Materials Science and Engineering
   Division (MSED) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; MRI grant from NSF [0722625]; MRI-R2 grant from NSF
   [0959124]; CI-TRAIN grant from NSF [0918970]
FX This work is financially supported by ARO Grant W911NF-12-1-0085 (Z.G.)
   and the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
   contract ER-46612 (L.B.). L.-W.W. is supported through the Theory of
   Material project by the Director, Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy
   Science (BES)/Materials Science and Engineering Division (MSED) of the
   U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The computations were performed using resources of
   the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) with the computer
   time allocated by Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory
   and Experiment project. Some computations were also made possible thanks
   to the MRI grant 0722625, MRI-R2 grant 0959124, and CI-TRAIN grant
   0918970 from NSF.
NR 51
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 5
U2 31
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3224
EP 3229
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00307
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000067
PM 25830817
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YJ
   Zherebetskyy, D
   Bronstein, ND
   Barja, S
   Lichtenstein, L
   Schuppisser, D
   Wang, LW
   Alivisatos, AP
   Sameron, M
AF Zhang, Yingjie
   Zherebetskyy, Danylo
   Bronstein, Noah D.
   Barja, Sara
   Lichtenstein, Leonid
   Schuppisser, David
   Wang, Lin-Wang
   Alivisatos, A. Paul
   Sameron, Miquel
TI Charge Percolation Pathways Guided by Defects in Quantum Dot Solids
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Quantum dot; charge transport; charge percolation; defect; in-gap
   states; Kelvin probe force microscopy
ID NANOCRYSTAL SOLIDS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; FILMS; PBSE;
   TRANSPORT; CONDUCTION; PHOTOVOLTAICS; PERFORMANCE; TRANSISTORS
AB Charge hopping and percolation in quantum : dot (QD) solids has been widely studied, but the microscopic percolation pathways in two-dimensional PbS QD arrays using kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). We show that under dark conditions electrons percolate via in gap states (IGS) instead of the conduction band, while holes percolate via nature of the percolation process is not understood or determined. Here we present the first imaging of the charge valence band states. This novel transport behavior is explained by the electronic structure and energy level alignment of the individual QDs, Which was measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Chemical treatments with hydrazine can remove the IGS, resulting in an intrinsic defect-free semiconductor, as revealed by STS and surface potential spectroscopy. The control over IGS can guide the design of novel electronic devices with impurity conduction, and photodiodes with controlled doping.
C1 [Zhang, Yingjie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Zhang, Yingjie; Zherebetskyy, Danylo; Barja, Sara; Lichtenstein, Leonid; Schuppisser, David; Wang, Lin-Wang; Alivisatos, A. Paul; Sameron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bronstein, Noah D.; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Alivisatos, A. Paul; Sameron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Alivisatos, A. Paul] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Sameron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mbsalmeron@lbl.gov
RI Barja, Sara/M-5676-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Alivisatos ,
   Paul /N-8863-2015
OI Barja, Sara/0000-0002-4257-2651; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048
FU "Self-Assembly of Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials" program,
   Office of Science, the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials
   Sciences and Engineering (MSE) Division of the U.S. Department of Energy
   (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; European Union [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF-327581];
   Alexander van Humboldt Foundation
FX The authors thank Q. Chen for discussion of the manuscript. We also
   thank J. M. Lucas for nanocrystal synthesis and A. Pun for OTS
   deposition. We thank E. H. Sargent for discussion on photovoltaic
   applications. This work was supported by the "Self-Assembly of
   Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials" program, Office of Science,
   the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and
   Engineering (MSE) Division of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. It used resources of the Molecular
   Foundry, a DOE Office of Science user facility. S.B. acknowledges
   fellowship support by the European Union under
   FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF-327581. L.L. acknowledges support from the Alexander
   van Humboldt Foundation.
NR 39
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 7
U2 54
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3249
EP 3253
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00454
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000071
PM 25844919
ER

PT J
AU O'Hern, SC
   Jang, D
   Bose, S
   Idrobo, JC
   Song, Y
   Laoui, T
   Kong, J
   Karnik, R
AF O'Hern, Sean C.
   Jang, Doojoon
   Bose, Suman
   Idrobo, Juan-Carlos
   Song, Yi
   Laoui, Tahar
   Kong, Jing
   Karnik, Rohit
TI Nanofiltration across Defect-Sealed Nanoporous Monolayer Graphene
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Molecular sieve; filter; membrane; desalination; reverse osmosis;
   forward osmosis
ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; POROUS GRAPHENE; INTERFACIAL POLYCONDENSATION;
   INTRINSIC DEFECTS; WATER TRANSPORT; SINGLE-LAYER; MEMBRANES;
   DESALINATION; PERMEATION
AB Monolayer nanoporous graphene represents an ideal membrane for molecular separations, but its practical realization is impeded by leakage through defects in the ultrathin graphene. Here, we report a multiscale leakagesealing process that exploits the nonpolar nature and impermeability of pristine graphene to selectively block defects, resulting in a centimeter-scale membrane that can separate two fluid reservoirs by an atomically thin layer of graphene. After introducing subnanometer pores in graphene, the membrane exhibited rejection of multivalent ions and small molecules and water flux consistent with prior molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate the feasibility of constructing defect-tolerant monolayer graphene membranes for nanofiltration, desalination, and other separation processes.
C1 [O'Hern, Sean C.; Jang, Doojoon; Bose, Suman; Karnik, Rohit] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Idrobo, Juan-Carlos] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Song, Yi; Kong, Jing] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Laoui, Tahar] King Fahd Univ Petr & Minerals, Dept Mech Engn, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
RP Karnik, R (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM karnik@mit.edu
RI Idrobo, Juan/H-4896-2015
OI Idrobo, Juan/0000-0001-7483-9034
FU King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,
   through the Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT; KFUPM
   [R10-CW-09]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-SC0008059]; Samsung Fellowship; Scientific User Facilities Division,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National
   Science Foundation under NSF [ECS-0335765]; National Science Foundation
   under MIT [DMR-0819762]
FX The authors thank Michael Boutilier, Tarun Jain, Nicolas
   Hadjiconstantinou, Muataz Atieh, Feras Kafiah, and Jongho Lee for
   helpful discussions. S.C.O. and D.J. were supported in part by the King
   Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,
   through the Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and KFUPM
   under project number R10-CW-09. S.C.O. was supported in part by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under award number
   DE-SC0008059. D.J. acknowledges partial support from the Samsung
   Fellowship. STEM imaging was supported in part by ORNL's Center for
   Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is sponsored by the
   Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   U.S. Department of Energy (JCI). ALD was performed at the Center for
   Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology
   Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National
   Science Foundation under NSF award no. ECS-0335765. CNS is part of
   Harvard University. Confocal microscopy was performed at the Keck
   Microscopy facility at the Whitehead Institute. Ion bombardment and SEM
   imaging was performed at the MRSEC Shared Experimental Facilities
   supported by the National Science Foundation under award number
   DMR-0819762 at MIT.
NR 25
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 20
U2 174
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3254
EP 3260
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00456
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000072
PM 25915708
ER

PT J
AU Lee, J
   Lim, J
   Yang, PD
AF Lee, Jaeho
   Lim, Jongwoo
   Yang, Peidong
TI Ballistic Phonon Transport in Holey Silicon
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Thermal conductivity; cross-plane; heat transfer; thermoelectric;
   nanoporous; phononic crystals
ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; NANOWIRES; HEAT; SCATTERING; LAYERS
AB When the size of semiconductors is smaller than the phonon mean free path, phonons can Carry heat with no internal scattering. Ballistic phonon transport has received attention for both theoretical and practical aspects because Fourier's law of heat conduction breaks down and the heat dissipation in nanoscale transistors becomes unpredictable in the ballistic regime. While recent experiments demonstrate room-temperature evidence of ballistic phonon transport in various nanomaterials, the thermal conductivity data for silicon in the length scale of 10-100 nm is still not available due to experimental challenges. Here we show ballistic phonon transport prevails in the cross-plane direction of holey silicon from 35 to 200 nm. The thermal conductivity scales linearly with the length (thickness) even though the lateral dimension (neck) is as narrow as 20 nm. We assess the impact of long-wavelength phonons and predict a transition from ballistic to diffusive regime using scaling models. Our results support strong persistence of long-wavelength phonons in nanostructures and are useful for controlling phonon transport for thermoelectrics and potential phononic applications.
C1 [Lee, Jaeho; Lim, Jongwoo; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Lee, Jaeho; Lim, Jongwoo; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Yang, Peidong] Kavli Energy Nanosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Lee, Jaeho] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.
RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM p_yang@berkeley.edu
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences
   and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We thank Professor Renkun Chen, Dr. Sean Andrews, and Dr. Anthony Fu for
   helpful discussion. This work was supported by the Director, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 33
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 16
U2 66
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3273
EP 3279
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00495
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000075
PM 25861026
ER

PT J
AU Agarwal, R
   Zakharov, DN
   Krook, NM
   Liu, WJ
   Berger, JS
   Stach, EA
   Agarwal, R
AF Agarwal, Rahul
   Zakharov, Dmitri N.
   Krook, Nadia M.
   Liu, Wenjing
   Berger, Jacob S.
   Stach, Eric A.
   Agarwal, Ritesh
TI Real-Time Observation of Morphological Transformations in II-VI
   Semiconducting Nanobelts via Environmental Transmission Electron
   Microscopy
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Branched nanostructure; in situ TEM; environmental TEM; heterostructure;
   nanobelt
ID NANOWIRES; GROWTH; ARCHITECTURE; CATALYSTS; NETWORK; PHASE; CDSE
AB It has been observed that wurtzite II-VI semiconducting nanobelts transform into single-crystal, periodically branched nanostructures upon heating. The mechanism of this novel transformation has been elucidated by heating II-VI nanobelts in an environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) in oxidizing, reducing, and inert atmospheres while observing their structural changes with high spatial resolution. The interplay of surface reconstruction of high-energy surfaces of the wurtzite phase and environment-dependent anisotropic chemical etching of certain crystal surfaces in the branching mechanism of nanobelts has been observed. Understanding of structural and chemical transformations of materials via in situ microscopy techniques and their role in designing new nanostructured materials is discussed.
C1 [Agarwal, Rahul; Krook, Nadia M.; Liu, Wenjing; Berger, Jacob S.; Agarwal, Ritesh] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   [Zakharov, Dmitri N.; Stach, Eric A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Agarwal, R (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM riteshag@seas.upenn.edu
RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014
OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; 
FU NSF [DMR-1210503]; LRSM; NSF MRSEC [DMR-1120901]; National Institutes of
   Health through the NIH Director's New Innovator Award Program
   [1-DP2-7251-01]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-SC0012704]
FX This work was supported by NSF (DMR-1210503), seed funding from the
   LRSM, NSF MRSEC DMR-1120901 and the National Institutes of Health
   through the NIH Director's New Innovator Award Program (1-DP2-7251-01).
   SEM and regular TEM electron microscopy experiments were performed at
   the Singh Center for Nanotechnology at the University of Pennsylvania.
   Environmental TEM experiments were performed at the Center for
   Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704.
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 7
U2 43
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3303
EP 3308
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00520
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000079
PM 25923720
ER

PT J
AU Xiao, J
   Hu, JZ
   Chen, HH
   Vijayakumar, M
   Zheng, JM
   Pan, HL
   Walter, ED
   Hu, M
   Deng, XC
   Feng, J
   Liaw, BY
   Gu, M
   Deng, ZD
   Lu, DP
   Xu, SC
   Wang, CM
   Liu, J
AF Xiao, Jie
   Hu, Jian Zhi
   Chen, Honghao
   Vijayakumar, M.
   Zheng, Jianming
   Pan, Huilin
   Walter, Eric D.
   Hu, Mary
   Deng, Xuchu
   Feng, Ju
   Liaw, Bor Yann
   Gu, Meng
   Deng, Zhiqun Daniel
   Lu, Dongping
   Xu, Suochang
   Wang, Chongmin
   Liu, Jun
TI Following the Transient Reactions in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Using an
   In Situ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE in situ NMR; Li-S batteries; radicals; energy storage
ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LONG CYCLE LIFE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES;
   ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; RADICAL-ANIONS; SOLID-STATE; CATHODE;
   ELECTROLYTE; DISCHARGE; POLYSULFIDES
AB A fundamental understanding of electrochemical reaction pathways is critical to improving the performance of Li-S batteries, but few techniques can be used to directly identify and quantify the reaction species during disharge/charge cycling processes in real time. Here, an in situ Li-7 NMR technique employing a specially designed cylindrical microbattery was used to probe the transient electrochemical and chemical reactions occurring during the cycling of a Li-S system. In situ NMR provides real time, semiquantitative information related to the temporal evolution of lithium polysulfide allotropes during both discharge/charge processes. This technique uniquely reveals that the polysulfide redox reactions involve charged free radicals as intermediate species that are difficult to detect in ex situ NMR studies. Additionally, it also uncovers vital information about the Li-7 chemical environments during the electrochemical and parasitic reactions on the Li metal anode. These new molecular-level insights about transient species and the associated anode failure mechanism are crucial to delineating effective strategies to accelerate the development of Li-S battery technologies.
C1 [Xiao, Jie; Hu, Jian Zhi; Chen, Honghao; Vijayakumar, M.; Zheng, Jianming; Pan, Huilin; Walter, Eric D.; Hu, Mary; Deng, Xuchu; Feng, Ju; Gu, Meng; Deng, Zhiqun Daniel; Lu, Dongping; Xu, Suochang; Wang, Chongmin; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Liaw, Bor Yann] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Electrochem Power Syst Lab, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Hu, JZ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM jianzhi.hu@pnnl.gov; jun.liu@pnnl.gov
RI Gu, Meng/B-8258-2013; Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012; Deng,
   Daniel/A-9536-2011; Zheng, Jianming/F-2517-2014; Pan,
   Huilin/J-9298-2016; Walter, Eric/P-9329-2016
OI Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766; Zheng, Jianming/0000-0002-4928-8194; 
FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation
   Hub - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy
   Sciences (BES); DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
   (BER); PNNL; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District; Department
   of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research
   (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES). The NMR, EPR,
   and computational studies were conducted in the William R. Wiley
   Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national
   scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research (BER) and located at PNNL. The microbattery
   design used for NMR measurement is partially based upon previous work
   supported by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District. PNNL
   is operated by Battelle for the Department of Energy under Contract
   DE-AC05-76RLO1830. Mr. Jason Skouson and Mr. Hardeep S. Mehta are
   acknowledged for their assistance of establishing the in situ NMR
   device.
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 12
U2 132
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3309
EP 3316
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00521
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000080
PM 25785550
ER

PT J
AU Bischak, CG
   Hetherington, CL
   Wang, Z
   Precht, JT
   Kaz, DM
   Schlom, DG
   Ginsberg, NS
AF Bischak, Connor G.
   Hetherington, Craig L.
   Wang, Zhe
   Precht, Jake T.
   Kaz, David M.
   Schlom, Darrell G.
   Ginsberg, Naomi S.
TI Cathodoluminescence-Activated Nanoimaging: Noninvasive Near-Field
   Optical Microscopy in an Electron Microscope
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE cathodoluminescence; nanoimaging; nanostructures; soft materials;
   super-resolution imaging; resonant near-field coupling
ID METAL-ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE; ULTRA-HIGH-RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION-LIMIT;
   LIGHT; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION; LOCALIZATION; PLASMONICS; EXCITATION;
   ANTENNAS
AB We demonstrate a new nanoimaging platform in which optical excitations generated by a low-energy electron beam in an ultrathin scintillator are used as a noninvasive, near-field optical scanning probe of an underlying sample. We obtain optical images of Al nanostructures with 46 nm resolution and validate the noninvasiveness of this approach by imaging a conjugated polymer film otherwise incompatible With electron microscopy due to electron-induced damage. The high resolution, Speed, and noninvasiveness of this "cathodoluminescence-activated" platform also show promise for super-resolution bioimaging.
C1 [Bischak, Connor G.; Hetherington, Craig L.; Precht, Jake T.; Kaz, David M.; Ginsberg, Naomi S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Ginsberg, Naomi S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Hetherington, Craig L.; Kaz, David M.; Ginsberg, Naomi S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Ginsberg, Naomi S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Wang, Zhe; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Ginsberg, Naomi S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ginsberg, NS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM nsginsberg@berkeley.edu
RI Precht, Jake/C-2090-2016; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014
OI Precht, Jake/0000-0002-4692-7886; 
FU National Science Foundation [1152656]; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences
   and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of
   Science, U.S. Department of Energy [SISGRN]; Office of Science, Office
   of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0123]; NSF [DGE 1106400]; David
   and Lucile Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering
FX YAP:Ce film deposition and CL characterization were supported by the
   National Science Foundation under Grant Number 1152656. Nanofabrication
   was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences
   Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S.
   Department of Energy, FWP number SISGRN. Devices were fabricated both at
   the Marvell Nanofabrication Laboratory and Biomolecular Nanotechnology
   Center at UC Berkeley. CL and time-resolved fluorescence at the LBL
   Molecular Foundry were performed as part of the Molecular Foundry user
   program, supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. Z.W. and D.G.S. acknowledge support under the AFOSR
   Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0123, C.G.B. acknowledges an NSF Graduate Research
   Fellowship (DGE 1106400) and N.S.G. acknowledges a David and Lucile
   Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering. We thank S. Aloni and D.
   F. Ogletree for providing technical and theoretical advice, and we thank
   R. Ramesh for access to PLD facilities.
NR 52
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 6
U2 46
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3383
EP 3390
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00716
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000091
PM 25855869
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, JS
   Bai, Y
   Sun, XG
   Li, YC
   Guo, BK
   Chen, JH
   Veith, GM
   Hensley, DK
   Paranthaman, MP
   Goodenough, JB
   Dai, S
AF Zhang, Jinshui
   Bai, Ying
   Sun, Xiao-Guang
   Li, Yunchao
   Guo, Bingkun
   Chen, Jihua
   Veith, Gabriel M.
   Hensley, Dale K.
   Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans
   Goodenough, John B.
   Dai, Sheng
TI Superior Conductive Solid-like Electrolytes: Nanoconfining Liquids
   within the Hollow Structures
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Li dendrite; solid-like electrolyte; superior conductivity; hollow
   nanoarchitecture; nanoconfinement
ID LITHIUM BATTERY ANODES; ENERGY-STORAGE; NANOPARTICLES; CATHODE;
   STABILITY; SIZE
AB The growth and proliferation of lithium (Li) dendrites during cell recharge are currently unavoidable, which seriously hinders the development and application Of rechargeable Li metal batteries. Solid electrolytes, with robust mechanical modulus are regarded as a promising approach to overcome the dendrite problems. However, their room-temperature ionic conductivities are usually too low to reach the level required for normal battery operation. Here, a class of novel solid electrolytes with liquid-like room-temperature ionic conductivities (>1 mS cm(-1)) has been successfully synthesized by taking advantage of the unique nanoarchitectures of hollow,silica (HS), spheres to confine liquid electrolytes in hollow space to afford high, conductivities (2.5 mS cm(-1)). In a symmetric lithium/lithium cell, the solid-like electrolytes demonstrate a robust performance against the Li dendrite problem, preventing the cell from short circuiting at current densities ranging from, 0.16 to 0.32 mA cm(-2) over an extended period of time. Moreover, the high flexibility and compatibility of HS nono-architectures, in principle, enables broad tunability to choose desired liquids for the fabrication of other kinds of solid like electrolytes, such as those containing Na+, Mg2+, or Al3+ as conductive media, providing a useful alternative strategy for the development of next generation rechargeable batteries.
C1 [Zhang, Jinshui; Bai, Ying; Sun, Xiao-Guang; Li, Yunchao; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Chen, Jihua; Hensley, Dale K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Veith, Gabriel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Guo, Bingkun; Goodenough, John B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Li, Yunchao; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans] Univ Tennessee, Bredesen Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Grad Educ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Bai, Ying] Henan Univ, Key Lab Photovolta Mat Henan Prov, Kaifeng 475004, Peoples R China.
   [Bai, Ying] Henan Univ, Sch Phys & Elect, Kaifeng 475004, Peoples R China.
RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM dais@ornl.gov
RI Guo, Bingkun/J-5774-2014; Chen, Jihua/F-1417-2011; Dai,
   Sheng/K-8411-2015; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Hensley,
   Dale/A-6282-2016; zhang, Jinshui/D-9749-2016; 
OI Chen, Jihua/0000-0001-6879-5936; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931;
   Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Hensley,
   Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765; zhang, Jinshui/0000-0003-4649-6526; Li,
   Yunchao/0000-0001-5460-5855; Goodenough, John
   Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division. TEM (J.C.) and SEM (D.K.H.) experiments were
   conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE
   Office of Science User Facility. J.Z. thanks Lihua Lin for his help with
   data processing. S.D. and M.P.P. thank Edgar Lara-Curzio for his help
   with nanoindentation measurements.
NR 38
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 23
U2 179
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3398
EP 3402
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00739
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000093
PM 25844598
ER

PT J
AU Zhu, CH
   Wang, C
   Young, A
   Liu, F
   Gunkel, I
   Chen, D
   Walba, D
   Maclennan, J
   Clark, N
   Hexemer, A
AF Zhu, Chenhui
   Wang, Cheng
   Young, Anthony
   Liu, Feng
   Gunkel, Ilja
   Chen, Dong
   Walba, David
   Maclennan, Joseph
   Clark, Noel
   Hexemer, Alexander
TI Probing and Controlling Liquid Crystal Helical Nanofilaments
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE helical pitch; helix; Smectic liquid crystal; resonant soft X-ray
   scattering; carbon edge; nanofilament; B4; bent-core
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; ACHIRAL MOLECULES; BLUE PHASES;
   CHIRALITY; ORDER; MORPHOLOGY; FILAMENTS; FILMS; BEND
AB We report the first in situ measurement of the helical pitch of the helical nanofilament B4 phase of bent-core liquid crystals using linearly polarized, resonant soft X-ray scattering at the carbon K-edge. A strong, anisotropic scattering peak corresponding to the half-pitch of the twisted smectic layer structure was observed. The equilibrium helical half-pitch of NOBOW is found to be 120 nm, essentially independent of temperature. However, the helical pitch can be tuned by mixing guest organic molecules with the bent-core host, followed by thermal annealing.
C1 [Zhu, Chenhui; Wang, Cheng; Young, Anthony; Gunkel, Ilja; Hexemer, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Liu, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Chen, Dong; Maclennan, Joseph; Clark, Noel] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Chen, Dong; Walba, David; Maclennan, Joseph; Clark, Noel] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Walba, David] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
RP Zhu, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM chenhuizhu@lbl.gov; cwang2@lbl.gov; ahexemer@lbl.gov
RI Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010; Walba, David/F-7284-2013; Wang,
   Cheng/A-9815-2014; Liu, Feng/J-4361-2014; 
OI Liu, Feng/0000-0002-5572-8512; Gunkel, Ilja/0000-0001-5738-5309
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Liquid Crystal Materials
   Research Center (NSF MRSEC) [DMR-0820579, DMR-1420736]
FX We thank Dr. Wim Bras for helpful discussions. We acknowledge use of
   Beam lines 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 of the Advanced Light Source supported by
   the Director of the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
   We thank the Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center (NSF MRSEC awards
   DMR-0820579 and DMR-1420736) for financial support of this work.
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 7
U2 42
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3420
EP 3424
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00760
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000096
PM 25867200
ER

PT J
AU Gong, Y
   Joly, AG
   Hu, DH
   E-Khoury, PZ
   Hess, WP
AF Gong, Yu
   Joly, Alan G.
   Hu, Dehong
   E-Khoury, Patrick Z.
   Hess, Wayne P.
TI Ultrafast Imaging of Surface Plasmons Propagating on a Gold Surface
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Propagating surface plasmon; time-resolved; sub-femtosecond; PEEM
ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION; MICROSCOPY; TIME;
   POLARITONS; NANOWIRES; FILMS; LIMIT
AB We record time-resolved nonlinear photoemission electron microscopy (tr-PEEM) images of propagating surface plasmons (PSPs) launched from a lithographically patterned rectangular trench on a flat gold surface. Our tr-PEEM scheme involves a pair of identical, spatially separated, and interferometrically locked femtosecond laser pulses. Power-dependent PEEM images provide experimental evidence for a sequential coherent nonlinear photoemission process, in which one laser source launches a PSP through a linear interaction, and the second subsequently probes the PSP via two-photon photoemission. The recorded time-resolved movies of a PSP allow us to directly measure various properties of the surface-bound wave packet, including its carrier wavelength (783 nm) and group velocity (0.95c). In addition, tr-PEEM images reveal that the launched PSP may be detected at least 250 mu m away from the coupling trench structure.
C1 [Gong, Yu; Joly, Alan G.; E-Khoury, Patrick Z.; Hess, Wayne P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Hu, Dehong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM wayne.hess@pnnl.gov
RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010; Gong, Yu /I-9950-2014
OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963; Gong, Yu /0000-0002-9357-9503
FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences Biosciences;
   Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program through Linus
   Pauling Fellowship at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL);
   DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
FX All authors acknowledge support from the US Department of Energy (DOE),
   Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical
   Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences. P.Z.E. acknowledges support from
   the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program through a Linus
   Pauling Fellowship at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). A
   portion of the work was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user
   facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory
   operated for DOE by Battelle.
NR 43
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 14
U2 92
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3472
EP 3478
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00803
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000104
PM 25844522
ER

PT J
AU Hwa, Y
   Zhao, J
   Cairns, EJ
AF Hwa, Yoon
   Zhao, Juan
   Cairns, Elton J.
TI Lithium Sulfide (Li2S)/Graphene Oxide Nanospheres with Conformal Carbon
   Coating as a High-Rate, Long-Life Cathode for Li/S Cells
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE lithium batteries; sulfur; energy storage; lithium sulfide; cathodes;
   graphene oxide
ID HIGH SPECIFIC ENERGY; SULFUR BATTERIES; GRAPHENE OXIDE; ION BATTERY;
   PERFORMANCE; LI2S; SHELL; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; DISULFIDES
AB In recent years, lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cells have attracted great attention as a candidate for the next generation of rechargeable batteries due to their high theoretical specific energy of 2600 W.h kg(-1), which is much higher than that of Li ion cells (400-600, W.h kg(-1)). However, problems of the S cathode such as highly soluble intermediate species (polysulfides Li2Sn, n = 4-8) and the insulating nature of S cause poor cycle life and low utilization of S, which prevents the practical use cif Li/S cells. Here, a high-rate and long-life Li/S cell is proposed, which has a cathode material with a core shell nanostructure comprising Li2S nanospheres with an embedded graphene oxide (GO) Sheet as a core material and a conformal carbon layer as a shell. The conformal carbon coating is easily obtained by a unique CVD coating process using a lab-designed rotating furnace without any repetitive steps. The Li2S/GO@C cathode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 650 mA.h g(-1) of Li2S (corresponding to the 942 mA.h g(-1) of S) and very low capacity decay rate of only 0.046% per cycle with a high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.7% for 1500 cycles when cycled at the 2 C discharge rate.
C1 [Hwa, Yoon; Zhao, Juan; Cairns, Elton J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Hwa, Yoon; Zhao, Juan; Cairns, Elton J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Cairns, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM ejcairns@lbl.gov
RI Hwa, Yoon/J-3128-2013; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Cairns,
   Elton/E-8873-2012
OI Hwa, Yoon/0000-0002-3622-4837; Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Robert Bosch LLC through Bosch
   Energy Research Network Grant [16.11.BS11]; University of
   California-Berkeley, Energy and Climate Research Innovation Seed Fund
FX We thank Tevye Kuykendall and Maria Virginia P. Altoe and the Molecular
   Foundry at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for supporting the
   X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope. Work at the
   Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Thanks also go to Lydia Terborg and Robert
   Kostecki for help with the Raman characterization. This work was
   sponsored by Robert Bosch LLC through the Bosch Energy Research Network
   Grant No. 16.11.BS11, and by the University of California-Berkeley,
   Energy and Climate Research Innovation Seed Fund.
NR 36
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 32
U2 283
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3479
EP 3486
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00820
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000105
PM 25915431
ER

PT J
AU Chen, YX
   Zeng, CJ
   Kauffman, DR
   Jin, RC
AF Chen, Yuxiang
   Zeng, Chenjie
   Kauffman, Douglas R.
   Jin, Rongchao
TI Tuning the Magic Size of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters via
   Isomeric Methylbenzenethiols
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Gold; nanocluster; atomic precision; tunable magic sizes; isomeric
   methylbenzenethiols; Au-S bond
ID AU-25 CLUSTERS; CHEMOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION; PROTECTED AU-130; KDA
   GOLD; CORE; NANOPARTICLES; COMPLEXES; SCALE; CYCLOHEXANETHIOLATE;
   AU-40(SR)(24)
AB Toward controlling the magic sizes of atomically precise gold nanoclusters, herein we have devised a new strategy by exploring the para-, meta-, ortho-methylbenzenethiol (MBT) for successful preparation of pure Au-130(p-MET)(50), Au-104(m-MBT)(41) and Au-40(o-MBT)(24) nanoclusters. The decreasing site sequence is in line with the increasing hindrance of the methyl group to the interfacial Au-S bond. That the subtle change of ligand structure can result in drastically different Magic sizes under otherwise similar reaction conditions is indeed for the first time observed in the synthesis of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. These nanoclusters are highly stable as they are synthesized under harsh size-focusing conditions at 80-90 degrees C in the presence of excess thiol and air (i.e., without exclusion of oxygen).
C1 [Chen, Yuxiang; Zeng, Chenjie; Jin, Rongchao] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Kauffman, Douglas R.] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
RP Jin, RC (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, 4400 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM rongchao@andrew.cmu.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-FG02-12ER16354]
FX R.J. acknowledges financial support from the U.S. Department of
   Energy-Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant DE-FG02-12ER16354. We
   thank Zhongrui Zhou for assistance in ESI-MS analysis.
NR 46
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 7
U2 74
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3603
EP 3609
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01122
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000124
PM 25915164
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, YH
   Weng, XF
   Li, H
   Li, HB
   Wei, MM
   Xiao, JP
   Liu, Z
   Chen, MS
   Fu, Q
   Bao, XH
AF Zhang, Yanhong
   Weng, Xuefei
   Li, Huan
   Li, Haobo
   Wei, Mingming
   Xiao, Jianping
   Liu, Zhi
   Chen, Mingshu
   Fu, Qiang
   Bao, Xinhe
TI Hexagonal Boron Nitride Cover on Pt(111): A New Route to Tune
   Molecule-Metal Interaction and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN); intercalation; Pt(111); CO oxidation;
   confinement effect
ID BIMETALLIC ALLOY SURFACES; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE;
   PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CO; OXIDATION;
   INTERCALATION; GROWTH; ADSORPTION; OXYGEN
AB In heterogeneous catalysis molecule-metal interaction is often modulated through structural modifications at the surface or under the surface of the metal catalyst. Here, we suggest an alternative way toward this modulation by placing a two-dimensional (2D) cover on the metal surface. As an illustration, CO adsorption on Pt(111) surface has been studied under 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) overlayer. Dynamic imaging data from surface electron microscopy and in situ surface spectroscopic results under near ambient pressure conditions confirm that CO molecules readily intercalate monolayer h-BN sheets on Pt(111) in CO atmosphere but desorb from the h-BN/Pt(111) interface even around room temperature in ultrahigh vacuum. The interaction of CO with Pt has been strongly weakened due to the confinement effect of the h-BN cover, and consequently, CO oxidation at the h-BN/Pt(111) interface was enhanced thanks to the alleviated CO poisoning effect.
C1 [Zhang, Yanhong; Li, Haobo; Wei, Mingming; Xiao, Jianping; Fu, Qiang; Bao, Xinhe] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, State Key Lab Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China.
   [Weng, Xuefei; Li, Huan; Chen, Mingshu] Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Zhi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chen, MS (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.
EM chemms@xmu.edu.cn; qfu@dicp.ac.cn
RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009; Fu, Qiang/E-7109-2015
OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561; Fu, Qiang/0000-0001-5316-6758
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21222305, 21373208,
   21321001]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB932704,
   2013CB933100, 2013CB834603]; Chinese Academy of Science [KGZD-EW-T05];
   Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Chemical
   Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science
   Foundation of China (Nos. 21222305, 21373208, and 21321001), Ministry of
   Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2011CB932704, 2013CB933100, and
   2013CB834603), and the Key Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of
   Science (Grant No. KGZD-EW-T05). The Advanced Light Source and beamlines
   11.0.2 and 9.3.1 are supported by the Director, Office of Energy
   Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Chemical Sciences
   Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 63
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 36
U2 172
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3616
EP 3623
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01205
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000126
PM 25897635
ER

PT J
AU Liu, C
   Gallagher, JJ
   Sakimoto, KK
   Nichols, EM
   Chang, CJ
   Chang, MCY
   Yang, PD
AF Liu, Chong
   Gallagher, Joseph J.
   Sakimoto, Kelsey K.
   Nichols, Eva M.
   Chang, Christopher J.
   Chang, Michelle C. Y.
   Yang, Peidong
TI Nanowire-Bacteria Hybrids for Unassisted Solar Carbon Dioxide Fixation
   to Value-Added Chemicals
SO NANO LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nanowires; artificial photosynthesis; bacteria; carbon dioxide fixation
ID EARTH-ABUNDANT CATALYSTS; ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REDUCTION; FUEL;
   CO2; EFFICIENCY; ENZYME; PLANET; CELLS
AB Direct solar-powered production of value-added chemicals from CO2 and H2O, a process that mimics natural photosynthesis, is of fundamental and practical interest. In natural photosynthesis, CO2 is first reduced to common biochemical building blocks using solar energy, which are subsequently used for the synthesis of the complex mixture of molecular products that form biomass. Here we report an artificial photosynthetic scheme that functions via a similar two-step process by developing a biocompatible light-capturing nanowire array that enables a direct interface with microbial systems. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate that a hybrid semiconductor nanowirebacteria system can reduce CO2 at neutral pH to a wide array of chemical targets, such as fuels, polymers, and complex pharmaceutical precursors, using only solar energy input. The high-surface-area silicon nanowire array harvests light energy to provide reducing equivalents to the anaerobic bacterium, Sporomusa ovata, for the photoelectrochemical production of acetic acid under aerobic conditions (21% O-2) with low overpotential (eta < 200 mV), high Faradaic efficiency (up to 90%), and long-term stability (up to 200 h). The resulting acetate (similar to 6 g/L) can be activated to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by genetically engineered Escherichia coli and used as a building block for a variety of value-added chemicals, such as n-butanol, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymer, and three different isoprenoid natural products. As such, interfacing biocompatible solid-state nanodevices with living systems provides a starting point for developing a programmable system of chemical synthesis entirely powered by sunlight.
C1 [Liu, Chong; Sakimoto, Kelsey K.; Nichols, Eva M.; Chang, Christopher J.; Chang, Michelle C. Y.; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Gallagher, Joseph J.; Chang, Christopher J.; Chang, Michelle C. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Chang, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Liu, Chong; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Chang, Christopher J.; Chang, Michelle C. Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Yang, Peidong] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Chang, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM chrischang@berkeley.edu; mcchang@berkeley.edu; p_yang@berkeley.edu
OI Liu, Chong/0000-0001-5546-3852
FU DOE/LBNL [DE-AC02-05CH11231, CH030201]; NSF-GRFP; NIH [1 T32 GMO66698]
FX We thank Dr. Miao Wen for use of the ACS and PHB plasmids. We also
   acknowledge Yude Su, Dr. Jongwoo Lim, and Dr. Sarah F. Brittman for
   helpful discussions. P.Y. thanks support from DOE/LBNL DE-AC02-05CH11231
   (PChem, P.Y.). C.J.C. and M.C.Y.C. thank support from DOE/LBNL
   DE-AC02-05CH11231, FWP no. CH030201 (C.J.C. and M.C.Y.C.). C.J.C. is an
   Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. J.J.G., K.K.S.,
   and E.M.N. acknowledge the NSF-GRFP for funding. J.J.G. also thanks NIH
   Training Grant 1 T32 GMO66698 for support.
NR 33
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 60
U2 235
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1530-6984
EI 1530-6992
J9 NANO LETT
JI Nano Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 3634
EP 3639
DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01254
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience &
   Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied;
   Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI6WX
UT WOS:000354906000128
PM 25848808
ER

PT J
AU Abramov, BM
   Alekseev, PN
   Borodin, YA
   Bulychjov, SA
   Dukhovskoy, IA
   Krutenkova, AP
   Kulikov, VV
   Martemianov, MA
   Matsyuk, MA
   Mashnik, SG
   Turdakina, EN
   Khanov, AI
AF Abramov, B. M.
   Alekseev, P. N.
   Borodin, Yu. A.
   Bulychjov, S. A.
   Dukhovskoy, I. A.
   Krutenkova, A. P.
   Kulikov, V. V.
   Martemianov, M. A.
   Matsyuk, M. A.
   Mashnik, S. G.
   Turdakina, E. N.
   Khanov, A. I.
TI Protons from carbon ion fragmentation at 0.3-2.0 GeV/nucleon: Comparison
   with models of ion-ion interactions
SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI
LA English
DT Article
ID CUMULATIVE PROTONS; VALIDATION; NUCLEI; GEANT4
AB Yields of protons at 3.5A degrees from carbon ion fragmentation at energies of T (0) = 0.3, 0.6, 0.95, and 2.0 GeV/nucleon on a Be target were measured in the FRAGM experiment at TWA-ITEP heavy-ion facility. Proton momentum spectra cover both the region of the fragmentation maximum and the cumulative region. The differential cross sections span six orders of its magnitude. The spectra are compared with the predictions of four models of ion-ion interactions: LAQGSM03.03, SHIELD-HIT, QMD, and BC.
C1 [Abramov, B. M.; Alekseev, P. N.; Borodin, Yu. A.; Bulychjov, S. A.; Dukhovskoy, I. A.; Krutenkova, A. P.; Kulikov, V. V.; Martemianov, M. A.; Matsyuk, M. A.; Turdakina, E. N.; Khanov, A. I.] Natl Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia.
   [Mashnik, S. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Abramov, BM (reprint author), Natl Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya Ul 25, Moscow 117218, Russia.
EM kulikov@itep.ru
FU DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research
   [12-02-01111/12-a]
FX That part of the work which was performed at LANL was funded under a DOE
   Contract no. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work was supported by the Russian
   Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 12-02-01111/12-a).
NR 18
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1063-7788
EI 1562-692X
J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+
JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 78
IS 3
BP 373
EP 380
DI 10.1134/S1063778815020039
PG 8
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA CJ1EI
UT WOS:000355224600006
ER

PT J
AU Nikolenko, DM
   Arrington, J
   Barkov, LM
   de Vries, H
   Gauzshtein, VV
   Golovin, RA
   Gramolin, AV
   Dmitriev, VF
   Zhilich, VN
   Zevakov, SA
   Kaminsky, VV
   Lazarenko, BA
   Mishnev, SI
   Muchnoi, NY
   Neufeld, VV
   Rachek, IA
   Sadykov, RS
   Stibunov, VN
   Toporkov, DK
   Holt, RJ
   Shestakov, YV
AF Nikolenko, D. M.
   Arrington, J.
   Barkov, L. M.
   de Vries, H.
   Gauzshtein, V. V.
   Golovin, R. A.
   Gramolin, A. V.
   Dmitriev, V. F.
   Zhilich, V. N.
   Zevakov, S. A.
   Kaminsky, V. V.
   Lazarenko, B. A.
   Mishnev, S. I.
   Muchnoi, N. Yu.
   Neufeld, V. V.
   Rachek, I. A.
   Sadykov, R. Sh.
   Stibunov, V. N.
   Toporkov, D. K.
   Holt, R. J.
   Shestakov, Yu. V.
TI Proton form factors and two-photon exchange in elastic electron-proton
   scattering
SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS; INTERNAL TARGETS; POSITRONS; COLLIDER
AB Proton electromagnetic form factors are among the most important sources of information about the internal structure of the proton. Two different methods for measuring these form factors, the method proposed by Rosenbluth and the polarization-transfer method, yield contradictory results. It is assumed that this contradiction can be removed upon taking into account the hard part of the contribution of two-photon exchange to the cross section for elastic electron-proton scattering. This contribution can measured experimentally via a precision comparison of the cross sections for the elastic scattering of positrons and electrons on protons. Such a measurement, performed at the VEPP-3 storage ring in Novosibirsk at the beam energies of 1.6 and 1.0 GeV for positron (electron) scattering angles in the ranges of theta (e) = 15A degrees-25A degrees and 55A degrees-75A degrees in the first case and in the range of theta (e) = 65A degrees-105A degrees in the second case is described in the present article. Preliminary results of this experiment and their comparison with theoretical predictions are described.
C1 [Nikolenko, D. M.; Barkov, L. M.; Golovin, R. A.; Gramolin, A. V.; Dmitriev, V. F.; Zhilich, V. N.; Zevakov, S. A.; Kaminsky, V. V.; Lazarenko, B. A.; Mishnev, S. I.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Neufeld, V. V.; Rachek, I. A.; Sadykov, R. Sh.; Toporkov, D. K.; Shestakov, Yu. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
   [Arrington, J.; Holt, R. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
   [de Vries, H.] NIKHEF, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   [Gauzshtein, V. V.; Stibunov, V. N.] Natl Res Tomsk Polytech Univ, Phys Tech Inst, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
   [Dmitriev, V. F.; Zhilich, V. N.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Toporkov, D. K.; Shestakov, Yu. V.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
RP Nikolenko, DM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Pr Akad Lavrentieva 11, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
EM D.M.Nikolenko@inp.nsk.su
RI Gramolin, Alexander/C-1218-2011; Muchnoi, Nickolai/N-3611-2015
OI Gramolin, Alexander/0000-0001-5436-7375; Muchnoi,
   Nickolai/0000-0003-2936-0029
FU Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation; Russian
   Foundation for Basic Research [12-02-33140]; US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US National Science Foundation [PHY-03-54871]
FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of
   Russian Federation and was also supported in part by the Russian
   Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 12-02-33140) and by grants
   from the US Department of Energy (no. DE-AC02-06CH11357) and the US
   National Science Foundation (no. PHY-03-54871).
NR 57
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1063-7788
EI 1562-692X
J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+
JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 78
IS 3
BP 394
EP 403
DI 10.1134/S1063778815020234
PG 10
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA CJ1EI
UT WOS:000355224600009
ER

PT J
AU Smith, TJ
   Hill, KK
   Raphael, BH
AF Smith, Theresa J.
   Hill, Karen K.
   Raphael, Brian H.
TI Historical and current perspectives on Clostridium botulinum diversity
SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Clostridium botulinum; Botulinum neurotoxins; Genomics; Serotype
ID REAL-TIME PCR; TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM;
   NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NEUROTOXIN GENE
   CLUSTERS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; SEROTYPE-A SUBTYPES; INFANT BOTULISM;
   GROUP-II
AB For nearly one hundred years, researchers have attempted to categorize botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia and the toxins that they produce according to biochemical characterizations, serological comparisons, and genetic analyses. Throughout this period the bacteria and their toxins have defied such attempts at categorization. Below is a description of both historic and current Clostridium botulinum strain and neurotoxin information that illustrates how each new finding has significantly added to the knowledge of the botulinum neurotoxin-containing clostridia and their diversity. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Institut Pasteur.
C1 [Smith, Theresa J.] United States Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mol & Translat Sci, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA.
   [Hill, Karen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Raphael, Brian H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
RP Smith, TJ (reprint author), United States Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Mol & Translat Sci, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA.
EM theresa.j.smith.civ@mail.mil
OI Raphael, Brian/0000-0003-2778-2623
FU Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology
   [HSHQDC-10-C-00139]; NIAID [IAA 120.B18]; Office of Public Health
   Preparedness and Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and
   Prevention
FX Funding for this research was provided by the Department of Homeland
   Security Science and Technology Directorate contract HSHQDC-10-C-00139
   and NIAID IAA 120.B18 and the Office of Public Health Preparedness and
   Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Los
   Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a
   researcher's right to publish; however the Laboratory as an institution
   does not necessarily endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee
   its technical correctness. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and
   recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by
   the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Army,
   the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, or the
   National Institutes of Health.
NR 144
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PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0923-2508
EI 1769-7123
J9 RES MICROBIOL
JI Res. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 166
IS 4
SI SI
BP 290
EP 302
DI 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.09.007
PG 13
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CI8QZ
UT WOS:000355038100008
PM 25312020
ER

PT J
AU Reza-E-Rabby, M
   Tang, W
   Reynolds, AP
AF Reza-E-Rabby, Md
   Tang, W.
   Reynolds, A. P.
TI Effect of tool pin features on process response variables during
   friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys
SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING
LA English
DT Article
DE Dissimilar material friction stir welding; flats; Co-flow flutes;
   Counter flow flutes; Forge force; Torque; Power; AA2050; AA6061
ID MATERIAL FLOW; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; THERMAL HISTORY;
   MICROSTRUCTURE; GEOMETRY; AL; VISUALIZATION; TORQUE; INPUT; FSW
AB In this paper, the effect of pin features and orientation/placement of the materials on advancing side were investigated for friction stir welding (FSW) of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA2050 and AA6061. Pins for FSW were produced with a 2.12 mm pitch thread having three flats/flutes. Three sets of rotational speed/welding speed were used to perform a series of welds in a butt joint arrangement. The results show that, joint quality, process response variables and welding temperature are highly affected by pin features and material orientation in FSW. Defect free joints with effective material transportation in the weld nugget zone were obtained when welding was performed with AA2050 on the advancing side. The tool also encounters less in plane reaction force for welding with 2050 on the advancing side. Pin with thread+3 flats produces quality welds at low rotational and travel speed regardless of the location of alloys on advancing or retreating side.
C1 [Reza-E-Rabby, Md; Reynolds, A. P.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   [Tang, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Reza-E-Rabby, M (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM rezaerab@email.sc.edu
RI Tang, Wei/E-3613-2017
OI Tang, Wei/0000-0002-9274-9574
FU Center for Friction Stir Processing [EEC-0437341]
FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Center for Friction
   Stir Processing, which is a National Science Foundation I/UCRC supported
   by grant no. EEC-0437341. The authors thank Mr D. Wilhelm, Department of
   Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA,
   for his help in manufacturing pins and preparing the weld joints.
NR 25
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PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND
SN 1362-1718
J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI
JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 20
IS 5
BP 425
EP 432
DI 10.1179/1362171815Y.0000000036
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CJ1IT
UT WOS:000355238000009
ER

PT J
AU Ban-Weiss, GA
   Woods, J
   Levinson, R
AF Ban-Weiss, George A.
   Woods, Jordan
   Levinson, Ronnen
TI Using remote sensing to quantify albedo of roofs in seven California
   cities, Part 1: Methods
SO SOLAR ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Albedo; Solar reflectance; Cool roof; Heat island effect
ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; COOLING ENERGY SAVINGS; MITIGATION STRATEGIES;
   AIR-QUALITY; REFLECTANCE; SURFACES; BUILDINGS
AB Cool roofs reflect sunlight and therefore can reduce cooling energy use in buildings. Further, since roofs typically cover about 20-25% of a city, widespread deployment of cool roofs could mitigate the urban heat island effect and partially counter urban temperature increases associated with global scale climate change. The magnitude of these potential benefits for a given city depends on the increase in albedo that can be achieved using reflective roofs. Assessing this increase requires knowledge of roof albedo at the city scale, which until now has been hindered, by a lack of reflectance data with sufficient spatial coverage, spatial resolution, and spectral detail. In this work we use multiband aerial imagery to derive the albedos of individual roofs in seven California cities: Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego, Bakersfield, Sacramento, San Francisco, and San Jose. The radiometrically calibrated, remotely sensed imagery has high spatial resolution (1 m) and four narrowband reflectances: blue, green, red, and near-infrared. First, we locate roof pixels within GIS building outlines. Next, we use laboratory measurements of the solar spectral reflectances of 190 roofing products to empirically relate broadband solar reflectance to reflectances in the four narrow bands; this empirical relationship well predicts solar reflectance, as indicated by a low root-mean-square of the residuals of 0.016. Albedos computed from remotely sensed reflectances are calibrated to ground measurements of roof albedo in each city. The error (accuracy) at 90% confidence interval of the calibrated albedos is found to vary by city, from 0.00-0.01 at low albedo and 0.06-0.14 at high albedo. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ban-Weiss, George A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Ban-Weiss, George A.; Woods, Jordan; Levinson, Ronnen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ban-Weiss, GA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3620 Vermont Ave KAP210, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM banweiss@usc.edu
OI Ban-Weiss, George/0000-0001-8211-2628
FU California Air Resources Board [10-321]; Assistant Secretary for Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State,
   and Community Programs, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors thank Ash Lashgari, Eileen McCauley, and Tony VanCuren of
   the California Air Resources Board; Doug Cain of North West Group;
   Sharon Chen, Pablo Rosado, Ben Mandel, and Ling Jin of Lawrence Berkeley
   National Laboratory; and Ana Paula Werle of Universidade de Sao Paulo.
   For rooftop access we thank John Skyberg and Christopher Brown of San
   Jose State University; Leroy Sisneros and Fran Knight of University of
   California, Los Angeles; Chet Gal land of California State University,
   Northridge; Craig Meyer of Pierce College; Victor Lai and Charles A.
   Meyer of San Francisco State University; and John Zertuche, Cynthia
   Kranc, and Jon Wildberger of University of California, Davis. For roof
   installation data we thank Certain Teed; Joe Mellott, Tom Chapman, Amy
   Digby, and Sean Gavin of The Garland Company, Inc.; Michael Kearney of
   GAF; Tony Zaffuto of Sylvester Roofing Co. Inc.; and Emmie Limon of Sure
   Coat Systems. This project was funded by the California Air Resources
   Board under Contract 10-321. It was also supported by the Assistant
   Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building
   Technology, State, and Community Programs, of the U.S. Department of
   Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The statements and
   conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily
   those of the California Air Resources Board.
NR 61
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PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-092X
J9 SOL ENERGY
JI Sol. Energy
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 115
BP 777
EP 790
DI 10.1016/j.solener.2014.10.022
PG 14
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA CI8TC
UT WOS:000355043600070
ER

PT J
AU Ban-Weiss, GA
   Woods, J
   Millstein, D
   Levinson, R
AF Ban-Weiss, George A.
   Woods, Jordan
   Millstein, Dev
   Levinson, Ronnen
TI Using remote sensing to quantify albedo of roofs in seven California
   cities, Part 2: Results and application to climate modeling
SO SOLAR ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Roof albedo; Solar reflectance; Cool roof; Heat island effect
AB The albedo of a roof determines the fraction of incoming sunlight that is reflected, which affects heat transfer into the building and exchange of energy between the built environment and the atmosphere. While the albedo of individual roofs can be easily measured, roof albedo at the city scale is unknown. In this paper we characterize the albedos of roofs in seven cities in California: Los Angeles, Long Beach, Bakersfield, San Francisco, San Jose, Sacramento, and San Diego. The fraction of urban area covered by roofs ranged by city from 10% to 25%. City-wide average roof albedo ranged from 0.17 +/- 0.08 to 0.20 +/- 0.11 (mean standard deviation) for five of the cities; values were higher in Sacramento (0.24 +/- 0.11) and San Diego (0.29 +/- 0.15). Buildings with small roofs were found to constitute a large fraction of city roof area and to have low mean albedos. This suggests that efforts to increase urban albedo through the use of reflective roofs should include small roofs, which are presumably mostly residential. Roof albedos derived for Bakersfield were used in a regional climate model (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) to estimate temperature changes attainable by converting the current stock of roofs to "cool" high albedo roofs. It was found that seasonal mean afternoon (15:00 LST) temperatures could be reduced by up to 0.2 degrees C during both the summer and winter. Changes in precipitation were not significant at the 95% confidence level. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Ban-Weiss, George A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   [Ban-Weiss, George A.; Woods, Jordan; Millstein, Dev; Levinson, Ronnen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ban-Weiss, GA (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 3620 Vermont Ave KAP210, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM banweiss@usc.edu
OI Ban-Weiss, George/0000-0001-8211-2628
FU California Air Resources Board [10-321]; Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy, Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs, of
   the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors thank Ash Lashgari, Eileen McCauley, and Tony VanCuren of
   the California Air Resources Board; Doug Cain of North West Group;
   Sharon Chen, Pablo Rosado, and Ben Mandel of Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory; and Ana Paula Werle of Universidade de Sao Paulo. This
   project was funded by the California Air Resources Board under Contract
   10-321. It was also supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State,
   and Community Programs, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The statements and conclusions in this paper are
   those of the authors and not necessarily those of the California Air
   Resources Board.
NR 16
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U2 12
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0038-092X
J9 SOL ENERGY
JI Sol. Energy
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 115
BP 791
EP 805
DI 10.1016/j.solener.2014.10.041
PG 15
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA CI8TC
UT WOS:000355043600071
ER

PT J
AU Liu, L
   Hejazi, M
   Patel, P
   Kyle, P
   Davies, E
   Zhou, YY
   Clarke, L
   Edmonds, J
AF Liu, Lu
   Hejazi, Mohamad
   Patel, Pralit
   Kyle, Page
   Davies, Evan
   Zhou, Yuyu
   Clarke, Leon
   Edmonds, James
TI Water demands for electricity generation in the US: Modeling different
   scenarios for the water-energy nexus
SO TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM); Water-energy nexus; Climate
   mitigation policy
ID INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE
AB Water withdrawal for electricity generation in the United States accounts for approximately half the total freshwater withdrawal. With steadily growing electricity demands, a changing climate, and limited water supplies in many water-scarce states, meeting future energy and water demands poses a significant socioeconomic challenge. Employing an integrated modeling approach that captures the energy-water interactions at regional and national scales can improve our understanding of the key drivers that govern those interactions and the role of national policies. In this study, the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM), a technologically-detailed integrated model of the economy, energy, agriculture and land use, water, and climate systems, was extended to model the electricity and water systems at the state level in the US. (GCAM-USA). GCAM-USA was employed to estimate future state-level electricity generation and consumption, and their associated water withdrawals and consumption under a set of seven scenarios with extensive detail on the generation fuel portfolio, cooling technology mix, and their associated water use intensities. These seven scenarios were explored to investigate the implications of socioeconomic development and growing electricity demands, cooling system transitions, adoption of water-saving technologies, climate mitigation policy and electricity trading options on future water demands of the U.S. electric-sector. Our findings include: 1) decreasing water withdrawals and increasing water consumption from the conversion from open-loop to closed-loop cooling systems; 2) different energy-sector water demand behaviors with alternative pathways to the mitigation goal; 3) open trading of electricity benefiting energy-scarce yet demand-intensive states; 4) across-state homogeneity under certain driving forces (e.g., climate mitigation and water-saving technologies) and mixed effects under other drivers (e.g. electricity trade); and 5) a clear trade-off between water consumption and withdrawal for the electricity sector in the U.S. The paper discusses this withdrawal-consumption trade-off in the context of current national policies and regulations that favor decreasing withdrawals (and increasing consumptive use), and the role of water-saving technologies. The study also clearly shows that climate mitigation strategies focusing on CCS and nuclear power will have less favorable water consumption effects than strategies that support renewable energy and water-saving technologies. The highly-resolved nature of this study, both geographically and technologically, provides a useful platform to address scientific and policy-relevant and emerging issues at the heart of the water-energy nexus in the U.S. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Liu, Lu; Hejazi, Mohamad; Kyle, Page; Zhou, Yuyu; Clarke, Leon; Edmonds, James] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
   [Davies, Evan] Univ Alberta, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, CNRL Nat Resources Engn Facil, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada.
RP Liu, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
RI Davies, Evan/A-3379-2008
OI Davies, Evan/0000-0003-0536-333X
FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy through the
   Integrated Assessment Research Program as part of the Regional
   Integrated Assessment Modeling (RIAM) project [KP1703030]; Platform for
   Regional Integrated Modeling and Analysis Initiative (PRIMA); DOE
   [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy through the Integrated Assessment Research Program
   as part of the Regional Integrated Assessment Modeling (RIAM) project
   (KP1703030). This research leveraged capabilities that were funded by
   the Platform for Regional Integrated Modeling and Analysis Initiative
   (PRIMA), which was conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and
   Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).
   PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract
   DE-AC05-76RL01830. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are
   those of the authors alone.
NR 48
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U1 10
U2 45
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0040-1625
EI 1873-5509
J9 TECHNOL FORECAST SOC
JI Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 94
BP 318
EP 334
DI 10.1016/j.techfore.2014.11.004
PG 17
WC Business; Planning & Development
SC Business & Economics; Public Administration
GA CI8SP
UT WOS:000355042300019
ER

PT J
AU Ye, JY
   Johnson, JK
AF Ye, Jingyun
   Johnson, J. Karl
TI Design of Lewis Pair-Functionalized Metal Organic Frameworks for CO2
   Hydrogenation
SO ACS CATALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE catalytic reduction of CO2; UiO-66; Lewis acids; Lewis bases; density
   functional theory; metal-free catalysis
ID ZIRCONIUM TEREPHTHALATE UIO-66(ZR); CARBON-DIOXIDE SEPARATION;
   HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; POROUS MATERIALS; FORMIC-ACID; ACTIVATION;
   REDUCTION; METHANOL; STABILITY; MECHANISM
AB Efficient catalytic reduction of CO2 is critical for the large-scale utilization of this greenhouse gas. We have used density functional electronic structure methods to design a catalyst for producing formic acid from CO2 and H-2 via a two-step pathway having low reaction barriers. The catalyst consists of a microporous metal organic framework that is functionalized with Lewis pair moieties. These functional groups are capable of chemically binding CO2 and heterolytically dissociating H-2. Our calculations indicate that the porous framework remains stable after functionalization and chemisorption of CO2 and H-2. We have identified a low barrier pathway for simultaneous addition of hydridic and protic hydrogens to carbon and oxygen of CO2, respectively, producing a physisorbed HCOOH product in the pore. We find that activating H-2 by dissociative adsorption leads to a much lower energy pathway for hydrogenating CO2 than reacting H-2 with chemisorbed CO2. Our calculations provide design strategies for efficient catalysts for CO2 reduction.
C1 [Ye, Jingyun; Johnson, J. Karl] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
   [Johnson, J. Karl] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
RP Johnson, JK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
EM karlj@pitt.edu
RI Johnson, Karl/E-9733-2013
OI Johnson, Karl/0000-0002-3608-8003
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-10ER16165]; Extreme Science and
   Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) [TG-CHE140046]
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the U.S. Department of Energy
   (Grant No. DE-FG02-10ER16165). We thank N. L. Rosi, E. J. Beckman, and
   J. A. Keith for many helpful discussions. The computations were
   performed at the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Simulation &
   Modeling and at the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery
   Environment (XSEDE) under project TG-CHE140046.
NR 76
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U1 23
U2 176
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2155-5435
J9 ACS CATAL
JI ACS Catal.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
BP 2921
EP 2928
DI 10.1021/acscatal.5b00396
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA CH4OG
UT WOS:000354012200032
ER

PT J
AU Li, Y
   Wei, ZH
   Gao, F
   Kovarik, L
   Baylon, RAL
   Peden, CHF
   Wang, Y
AF Li, Yan
   Wei, Zhehao
   Gao, Feng
   Kovarik, Libor
   Baylon, Rebecca A. L.
   Peden, Charles H. F.
   Wang, Yong
TI Effect of Oxygen Defects on the Catalytic Performance of VOx/CeO2
   Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Methanol
SO ACS CATALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE ceria nanocubes; (100); VOx catalysts; methanol; ODH
ID SUPPORTED VANADIA CATALYSTS; DEFINED SURFACE PLANES; SELECTIVE
   OXIDATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE CATALYSTS;
   CERIA; NANOCRYSTALS; PROPANE
AB In this work, CeO2 nanocubes with controlled particle size and dominating (100) facets are synthesized as supports for VOx catalysts. Combined TEM, SEM, XRD, and Raman study reveals that the oxygen vacancy density of CeO2 supports can be tuned by tailoring the particle sizes without altering the dominating facets, where smaller particle sizes result in larger oxygen vacancy densities. At the same vanadium coverage, the VOx catalysts supported on small-sized CeO2 supports with higher oxygen defect densities exhibit promoted redox property and lower activation energy for methoxyl group decomposition, as evidenced by H-2-TPR and methanol TPD study. These results further confirm that the presence of oxygen vacancies plays an important role in promoting the activity of VOx species in methanol oxidation.
C1 [Li, Yan; Wei, Zhehao; Baylon, Rebecca A. L.; Wang, Yong] Washington State Univ, Gene & Linda Voiland Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
   [Gao, Feng; Kovarik, Libor; Peden, Charles H. F.; Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM feng.gao@pnnl.gov; yong.wang@pnnl.gov
RI Wei, Zhehao/L-2801-2013; Kovarik, Libor/L-7139-2016
OI Wei, Zhehao/0000-0002-9670-4752; 
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; DOE's
   Office of Biological and Environmental Research
FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Department of
   Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical
   Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Part of this work was conducted
   in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
   (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of
   Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest
   National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory
   operated for the DOE by Battelle.
NR 31
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U2 88
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2155-5435
J9 ACS CATAL
JI ACS Catal.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
BP 3006
EP 3012
DI 10.1021/cs502084g
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA CH4OG
UT WOS:000354012200042
ER

PT J
AU Gumuslu, G
   Kondratyuk, P
   Boes, JR
   Morreale, B
   Miller, JB
   Kitchin, JR
   Gellman, AJ
AF Gumuslu, G.
   Kondratyuk, P.
   Boes, J. R.
   Morreale, B.
   Miller, J. B.
   Kitchin, J. R.
   Gellman, A. J.
TI Correlation of Electronic Structure with Catalytic Activity: H-2-D-2
   Exchange across CuxPd1-x Composition Space
SO ACS CATALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE hydrogen; palladium; alloys; electronic structure; catalysis; membranes;
   adsorption
ID HIGH-THROUGHPUT CHARACTERIZATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PALLADIUM
   ALLOY SURFACES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; COMPOSITION-SPREAD;
   METAL-SURFACES; INORGANIC MATERIALS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CO
   CHEMISORPTION; 1ST PRINCIPLES
AB The relationship between alloy catalyst activity and valence band electronic structure has been investigated experimentally across a broad, continuous span of CuxPd1-x composition space. CuxPd1-x composition spread alloy films (CSAFs) were used as catalyst libraries with a 100 channel microreactor to measure the H-2-D-2 exchange kinetics over a temperature range of 333-593 K at 100 discrete CuxPd1-x compositions spanning the range x = 0.30-0.97. The H-2-D-2 exchange activity exhibits a monotonic decrease over the composition range x = 0.30-0.97. A steady state, microkinetic model was used to estimate the energy barriers to dissociative H-2 adsorption, Delta E-ads(double dagger), and recombinative H-2 desorption, Delta E-des(double dagger), as functions of alloy composition, x. Their values fall in the ranges Delta E-ads(double dagger)(x) = 0.15 to 0.45 eV and Delta E-des(double dagger) (x) = 0.55-0.65 eV. Spatially resolved UV photoemission spectra were obtained from the CuxPd1-x CSAF and used to estimate the average energy of the filled states of the valence band as a function of alloy composition, epsilon(v)(x). The energy of the v-band center shifted monotonically from epsilon(v) = -3.3 to -3.9 eV across the composition range x = 0.30-0.97. This monotonic shift and its magnitude were corroborated by DFT calculations. The correlation of Delta E-ads(double dagger)(x) with epsilon(v)(x) across alloy composition space yields Delta E-ads(double dagger)(epsilon(v)) which decreases as the v-band energy shifts toward the Fermi level.
C1 [Gumuslu, G.; Kondratyuk, P.; Boes, J. R.; Morreale, B.; Miller, J. B.; Kitchin, J. R.; Gellman, A. J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   [Morreale, B.; Miller, J. B.; Kitchin, J. R.; Gellman, A. J.] DOE Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA.
RP Gellman, AJ (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM gellman@cmu.edu
RI Kitchin, John/A-2363-2010; Gellman, Andrew/M-2487-2014
OI Kitchin, John/0000-0003-2625-9232; Gellman, Andrew/0000-0001-6618-7427
FU RES [DE-FE0004000]; DOE Office of Science Early Career Research program
   [DE-SC0004031]; National Science Foundation [CBET 1033804]
FX As part of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's Regional
   University Alliance (NETL-RUA), a collaborative initiative of the NETL,
   this technical effort was performed under the RES Contract DE-FE0004000.
   J.RK. gratefully acknowledges partial support from the DOE Office of
   Science Early Career Research program (DE-SC0004031). JBM gratefully
   acknowledges partial support from the National Science Foundation (CBET
   1033804).
NR 97
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 18
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2155-5435
J9 ACS CATAL
JI ACS Catal.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
BP 3137
EP 3147
DI 10.1021/cs5015861
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA CH4OG
UT WOS:000354012200057
ER

PT J
AU Elliott, DC
   Wang, HM
AF Elliott, Douglas C.
   Wang, Huamin
TI Hydrocarbon Liquid Production via Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Phenolic
   Oils Fractionated from Fast Pyrolysis of Red Oak and Corn Stover
SO ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Biomass; Pyrolysis; Fractionation; Hydrotreating; Catalysis; Fuels
ID BIO-OIL; STAGE FRACTIONS; HYDRODEOXYGENATION; BIOMASS; SUGARS
AB Phenolic oils were produced from fast pyrolysis of two different biomass feedstocks, red oak and corn stover, and evaluated in hydroprocessing tests for production of liquid hydrocarbon products. The phenolic oils were produced with a bio-oil fractionating process in combination with a simple water wash of the heavy ends from the fractionating process. Phenolic oils derived from the pyrolysis of red oak and corn stover were recovered with yields (wet biomass basis) of 28.7 and 14.9 wt %, respectively, and 54.3% and 60.0% on a carbon basis. Both precious metal catalysts and sulfided base metal catalyst were evaluated for hydrotreating the phenolic oils, as an extrapolation from whole bio-oil hydrotreatment. They were effective in removing heteroatoms with carbon yields as high as 81% (unadjusted for the 90% carbon balance). There was substantial heteroatom removal with residual O of only 0.4% to 5%, while N and S were reduced to less than 0.05%. Use of the precious metal catalysts resulted in more saturated products less completely hydrotreated compared to the sulfided base metal catalyst, which was operated at higher temperature. The liquid product was 42-52% gasoline range molecules and about 43% diesel range molecules. Particulate matter in the phenolic oils complicated operation of the reactors, causing plugging in the fixed-beds especially for the corn stover phenolic oil. This difficulty contrasts with the catalyst bed fouling and plugging, which is typically seen with hydrotreatment of whole bio-oil. This problem was substantially alleviated by filtering the phenolic oils before hydrotreating. More thorough washing of the phenolic oils during their preparation from the heavy ends of bio-oil or online filtration of pyrolysis vapors to remove particulate matter before condensation of the bio-oil fractions is recommended.
C1 [Elliott, Douglas C.; Wang, Huamin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Elliott, DC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P8-60, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM dougc.elliott@pnnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Bio-oil Stabilization and Commoditization FOA
   [0686, EE0006066]; Iowa State University (ISU); Pacific Northwest
   National Laboratory (PNNL) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Bioenergy Technologies
   Office
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the
   Bio-oil Stabilization and Commoditization FOA #0686 under Contract No.
   EE0006066 with Iowa State University (ISU) and Contract No.
   DE-AC05-76RL01830 at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).
   The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Bioenergy
   Technologies Office and program manager Prasad Gupta. Andrew Friend,
   Jordan Funkhouser, and Martin Haverly at ISU are acknowledged for their
   participation in production of the pyrolysis fractions as well as Hannah
   Pinnt, John Hoyt, and Christine Thomas in their contribution to bio-oil
   characterization. Suh-Jane Lee and Asanga Padmaperuma at PNNL are
   acknowledged for their participation in the operations of the
   mini-hydrotreater.
NR 23
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 38
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2168-0485
J9 ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG
JI ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 3
IS 5
BP 892
EP 902
DI 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00015
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY;
   Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering
GA CH5JU
UT WOS:000354072700012
ER

PT J
AU Pines, G
   Pines, A
   Garst, AD
   Zeitoun, RI
   Lynch, SA
   Gill, RT
AF Pines, Gur
   Pines, Assaf
   Garst, Andrew D.
   Zeitoun, Ramsey I.
   Lynch, Sean A.
   Gill, Ryan T.
TI Codon Compression Algorithms for Saturation Mutagenesis
SO ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE saturation mutagenesis; library size; codon redundancy; codon usage;
   genome editing; CRISPR selection
ID RANDOMIZED GENE LIBRARIES; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
   MESSENGER-RNA; EVOLUTION; USAGE; CONSTRUCTION; OPTIMIZATION;
   TRANSLATION; STRATEGIES
AB Saturation mutagenesis is employed in protein engineering and genome-editing efforts to generate libraries that span amino acid design space. Traditionally, this is accomplished by using degenerate/compressed codons such as NNK (N = A/C/G/T, K = G/T), which covers all amino acids and one stop codon. These solutions suffer from two types of redundancy: (a) different codons for the same amino acid lead to bias, and (b) wild type amino acid is included within the library. These redundancies increase library size and downstream screening efforts. Here, we present a dynamic approach to compress codons for any desired list of amino acids, taking into account codon usage. This results in a unique codon collection for every amino acid to be mutated, with the desired redundancy level. Finally, we demonstrate that this approach can be used to design precise oligo libraries amendable to recombineering and CRISPR-based genome editing to obtain a diverse population with high efficiency.
C1 [Pines, Gur; Garst, Andrew D.; Zeitoun, Ramsey I.; Lynch, Sean A.; Gill, Ryan T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Lynch, Sean A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Gill, RT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
EM rtg@colorado.edu
OI PINES, GUR/0000-0002-1757-6722
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-FOA-0000640]
FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant
   DOE-FOA-0000640. We thank Emily Freed for helping in the manuscript
   preparation.
NR 48
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2161-5063
J9 ACS SYNTH BIOL
JI ACS Synth. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 4
IS 5
BP 604
EP 614
DI 10.1021/s13500282v
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA CI6ZP
UT WOS:000354913000013
PM 25303315
ER

PT J
AU Everett, SM
   Rawn, CJ
   Chakoumakos, BC
   Keefer, DJ
   Huq, A
   Phelps, TJ
AF Everett, S. Michelle
   Rawn, Claudia J.
   Chakoumakos, Bryan C.
   Keefer, David J.
   Huq, Ashfia
   Phelps, Tommy J.
TI Insights into the structure of mixed CO2/CH4 in gas hydrates
SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
LA English
DT Article
DE Neutron diffraction; methane hydrate; carbon dioxide/methane exchange;
   Fourier density maps
ID DIOXIDE CLATHRATE HYDRATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE HYDRATE; MOLECULAR
   SIMULATION; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; LIQUID CO2; C-13 NMR; REPLACEMENT; ENERGY;
   CH4
AB The exchange of carbon dioxide for methane in natural gas hydrates is an attractive approach to harvesting CH4 for energy production while simultaneously sequestering CO2. In addition to the energy and environmental implications, the solid solution of clathrate hydrate (CH4)(1-x)(CO2)(x)center dot 5.75H(2)O provides a model system to study how the distinct bonding and shapes of CH4 and CO2 influence the structure and properties of the compound. High-resolution neutron diffraction was used to examine mixed CO2/CH4 gas hydrates. CO2-rich hydrates had smaller lattice parameters, which were attributed to the higher affinity of the CO2 molecule interacting with H2O molecules that form the surrounding cages, and resulted in a reduction in the unit-cell volume. Experimental nuclear scattering densities illustrate how the cage occupants and energy landscape change with composition. These results provide important insights on the impact and mechanisms for the structure of mixed CH4/CO2 gas hydrate.
C1 [Everett, S. Michelle; Rawn, Claudia J.; Keefer, David J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Rawn, Claudia J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Chakoumakos, Bryan C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Huq, Ashfia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Phelps, Tommy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Rawn, CJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM crawn@utk.edu
RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013
OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543; Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649
FU National Science Foundation [DGE0801470]; Spallation Neutron Source
   through the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences; Office of Fossil Energy through Field Work Proposal FEAB111
   "Hydrate Formation and Dissociation in Simulated and Field Samples."
FX S.M.E. was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No.
   DGE0801470, "Sustainable Technology through Advanced Interdisciplinary
   Research" (STAIR), awarded to the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
   Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC, for the
   U.S. Department of Energy, which provided support of the Spallation
   Neutron Source through the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office
   of Basic Energy Sciences, and additional support by the Office of Fossil
   Energy through Field Work Proposal FEAB111 "Hydrate Formation and
   Dissociation in Simulated and Field Samples."
NR 40
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 40
PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER
PI CHANTILLY
PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA
SN 0003-004X
EI 1945-3027
J9 AM MINERAL
JI Am. Miner.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 100
IS 5-6
BP 1203
EP 1208
DI 10.2138/am-2015-4929
PG 6
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy
GA CI3RS
UT WOS:000354665700022
ER

PT J
AU Yang, G
   Gu, G
   Bolotnikov, AE
   Cui, YG
   Camarda, GS
   Hossain, A
   Roy, UN
   Kivi, N
   Liu, TS
   James, RB
AF Yang, Ge
   Gu, Genda
   Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.
   Cui, Yonggang
   Camarda, Giuseppe S.
   Hossain, Anwar
   Roy, Utpal N.
   Kivi, Nicholas
   Liu, Tiansheng
   James, Ralph B.
TI Structural, Electrical, and Optical Properties of CdMnTe Crystals Grown
   by Modified Floating-Zone Technique
SO ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE CdMnTe; floating-zone growth; Te inclusions; twin boundaries; radiation
   detectors
ID BRIDGMAN METHOD; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLUID-FLOW; X-RAY; INTERFACE; CDZNTE;
   DETECTORS; DIAMETER
AB Cadmium manganese telluride (CdMnTe or CMT), a compound semiconductor, is considered a promising material for the fabrication of high-performance room-temperature x-ray and gamma-ray detectors. The presence of material defects, e.g., high density of Te inclusions, has been a long-standing issue in CMT crystals grown by various Bridgman methods, since these defects degrade the device performance via charge-trapping. To address this issue, we employed the modified floating-zone method (MTZ) to grow CMT crystals and obtained as-grown crystals free of Te inclusions. This represents a new and distinct feature, absence of Te inclusions, compared to CMT crystals grown by Bridgman methods. White-beam x-ray diffraction topography (WBXDT) measurements demonstrated the existence of a high stress field within the MFZ-grown CMT crystals, which originates from the steep temperature gradient near the growth interface. Furthermore, we achieved a resistivity of 10(9) Omega cm for the MFZ-grown CMT crystals. The low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements show that the intensity of the dislocation-related Y band is much higher than that of the principal exciton peaks, (D-0,X) and (A(0),X), confirming that the crystalline quality is affected by the high stress field. A long-term in-situ or post-growth thermal annealing will help to release such stress to improve the crystalline quality.
C1 [Yang, Ge; Gu, Genda; Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.; Cui, Yonggang; Camarda, Giuseppe S.; Hossain, Anwar; Roy, Utpal N.; Kivi, Nicholas; Liu, Tiansheng; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Kivi, Nicholas] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA.
RP Yang, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM gyang@bnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
   Research & Development, DNN RD; U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-98CH1-886]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Research & Development, DNN R&D. The
   manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 19
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 24
PU KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS
PI SEOUL
PA KIM BLDG 6TH FLOOR, SEOCHO-DAERO 56 GIL 38, SEOCHO-GU, SEOUL 137-881,
   SOUTH KOREA
SN 1738-8090
EI 2093-6788
J9 ELECTRON MATER LETT
JI Electron. Mater. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 3
BP 500
EP 504
DI 10.1007/s13391-015-4261-4
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA CI5VO
UT WOS:000354828100025
ER

PT J
AU Xue, Z
   Hu, LB
   Amine, K
   Zhang, ZC
AF Xue, Zheng
   Hu, Libo
   Amine, Khalil
   Zhang, Zhengcheng
TI High-Speed Fabrication of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes by UV-Curing
SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE binder; lithium-ion batteries; polysiloxane; solvent removal; UV-curing
ID GEL-POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; BINDERS; PERFORMANCE;
   CELLULOSE
AB In this study, UV-curing was investigated as an alternative method to provide fast production of composite cathodes and significantly reduce the time and energy required for solvent removal in lithium-ion battery fabrication. To serve our purpose, low-molecular-weight polysiloxane acrylate (PSA) was designed and synthesized from a polysiloxane epoxide precursor. In the presence of the acrylic acid additive LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC), electrode laminates containing 10wt% PSA binder were successfully fabricated by UV-curing. The cured electrode exhibited good mechanical and electrochemical properties. At current rates up to C/3, the cell performance of the UV-cured NMC electrode was comparable to that of conventional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-bound NMC electrode. Our initial success in applying high-speed UV-curing in composite electrode fabrication has proved that it is a promising route to substantially reducing the capital and operation costs of lithium-ion battery electrode manufacturing and additionally bringing about important environmental benefits.
C1 [Xue, Zheng; Hu, Libo; Amine, Khalil; Zhang, Zhengcheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Zhang, ZC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM zzhang@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department
   of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Vehicle
   Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the
   U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne LLC, under contract
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. The electron microscopy was accomplished at the
   Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory. The authors
   acknowledge Dr. John Arnold (Miltec UV International, LLC) for helpful
   discussions.
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 7
U2 37
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 2194-4288
EI 2194-4296
J9 ENERGY TECHNOL-GER
JI Energy Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 3
IS 5
BP 469
EP 475
DI 10.1002/ente.201402210
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels
SC Energy & Fuels
GA CI4RN
UT WOS:000354740300002
ER

PT J
AU Stegen, JC
   Lin, XJ
   Fredrickson, JK
   Konopka, AE
AF Stegen, James C.
   Lin, Xueju
   Fredrickson, Jim K.
   Konopka, Allan E.
TI Estimating and mapping ecological processes influencing microbial
   community assembly
SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ecological niche theory; ecological neutral theory; Hanford Site 300
   Area; microbial biogeography; null modeling; phylogenetic
   beta-diversity; phylogenetic signal; Raup-Crick
ID BETA DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETIC STRUCTURE; SPATIAL PROCESSES; SPECIES
   RICHNESS; DYNAMICS; FOREST; NICHE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENT; DISPERSAL
AB Ecological community assembly is governed by a combination of (i) selection resulting from among-taxa differences in performance; (ii) dispersal resulting from organismal movement; and (iii) ecological drift resulting from stochastic changes in population sizes. The relative importance and nature of these processes can vary across environments. Selection can be homogeneous or variable, and while dispersal is a rate, we conceptualize extreme dispersal rates as two categories; dispersal limitation results from limited exchange of organisms among communities, and homogenizing dispersal results from high levels of organism exchange. To estimate the influence and spatial variation of each process we extend a recently developed statistical framework, use a simulation model to evaluate the accuracy of the extended framework, and use the framework to examine subsurface microbial communities over two geologic formations. For each subsurface community we estimate the degree to which it is influenced by homogeneous selection, variable selection, dispersal limitation, and homogenizing dispersal. Our analyses revealed that the relative influences of these ecological processes vary substantially across communities even within a geologic formation. We further identify environmental and spatial features associated with each ecological process, which allowed mapping of spatial variation in ecological-process-influences. The resulting maps provide a new lens through which ecological systems can be understood; in the subsurface system investigated here they revealed that the influence of variable selection was associated with the rate at which redox conditions change with subsurface depth.
C1 [Stegen, James C.; Lin, Xueju; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Konopka, Allan E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Stegen, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM james.stegen@pnnl.gov
RI Stegen, James/Q-3078-2016
OI Stegen, James/0000-0001-9135-7424
FU Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship program at PNNL;
   U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research (BER), as part of Subsurface Biogeochemistry Research Program's
   Scientific Focus Area (SFA); Integrated Field-Scale Research Challenge
   (IFRC) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); DOE
   [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]
FX A portion of the research described in this paper was conducted under
   the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific
   Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), a multiprogram national laboratory
   operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. JS is grateful
   for the support of the Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral
   Fellowship program at PNNL. A portion of the research was performed
   using Institutional Computing at PNNL. This research was further
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological
   and Environmental Research (BER), as part of Subsurface Biogeochemistry
   Research Program's Scientific Focus Area (SFA), and Integrated
   Field-Scale Research Challenge (IFRC) at the Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle under contract
   DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.
NR 47
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 10
U2 60
PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND
SN 1664-302X
J9 FRONT MICROBIOL
JI Front. Microbiol.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 6
AR 370
DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00370
PG 15
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CI8FO
UT WOS:000355005700001
PM 25983725
ER

PT J
AU Xu, F
   Guo, B
   Xu, ZX
   Tolbert, LM
   Wang, F
   Blalock, BJ
AF Xu, Fan
   Guo, Ben
   Xu, Zhuxian
   Tolbert, Leon M.
   Wang, Fei
   Blalock, Benjamin J.
TI Paralleled Three-Phase Current-Source Rectifiers for High-Efficiency
   Power Supply Applications
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Data center power supply; high efficiency; paralleled current-source
   rectifiers (CSRs); silicon carbide (SiC)
ID DC DISTRIBUTION; BUCK RECTIFIER; PWM RECTIFIER; INVERTERS; OPERATION;
   SYSTEMS; STRATEGY
AB This paper presents the paralleling operation of three-phase current-source rectifiers (CSRs) as the front-end power conversion stage of data center power supply systems based on 400-V-dc power delivery architecture, which has been proven to have higher efficiency than traditional ac architectures. A control algorithm of paralleled three-phase CSRs is introduced to achieve balanced outputs and individual rectifier module hot swap, which are required by power supply systems. By using silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors, SiC MOSFETs, and Schottky diodes, the power losses of the front-end stage are reduced, and the power supply system efficiency can be further increased. The prototype of a 19-kW front-end rectifier to convert 480 V-ac,V-rms to 400 V-dc, based on three paralleled three-phase CSRs, is developed. Each CSR is an all-SiC converter and designed for high efficiency, and the front-end stage full-load efficiency is greater than 98% from experimental tests. The balanced outputs and individual converter hot swap are realized in the hardware prototype too.
C1 [Xu, Fan; Xu, Zhuxian] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA.
   [Guo, Ben] United Technol Res Ctr, Hartford, CT 06103 USA.
   [Tolbert, Leon M.; Wang, Fei; Blalock, Benjamin J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Tolbert, Leon M.; Wang, Fei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Xu, F (reprint author), Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA.
EM fxu6@vols.utk.edu; bguo@utk.edu; zxu11@vols.utk.edu; tolbert@utk.edu;
   fred.wang@utk.edu; bblalock@utk.edu
OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X
FU U.S. Department of Energy under NSF [EEC-1041877]
FX This work made use of engineering research center shared facilities
   supported in part by the Engineering Research Center Program of the
   National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Department of Energy
   under NSF Award EEC-1041877 and in part by the Center for
   Ultra-Wide-Area Resilient Electric Energy Transmission Networks (CURENT)
   Industry Partnership Program.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0093-9994
EI 1939-9367
J9 IEEE T IND APPL
JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 51
IS 3
BP 2388
EP 2397
DI 10.1109/TIA.2014.2385936
PG 10
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CI7LJ
UT WOS:000354944600048
ER

PT J
AU Ratcliff, LE
   Grisanti, L
   Genovese, L
   Deutsch, T
   Neumann, T
   Danilov, D
   Wenzel, W
   Beljonne, D
   Cornil, J
AF Ratcliff, Laura E.
   Grisanti, Luca
   Genovese, Luigi
   Deutsch, Thierry
   Neumann, Tobias
   Danilov, Denis
   Wenzel, Wolfgang
   Beljonne, David
   Cornil, Jerome
TI Toward Fast and Accurate Evaluation of Charge On-Site Energies and
   Transfer Integrals in Supramolecular Architectures Using Linear
   Constrained Density Functional Theory (CDFT)-Based Methods
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION;
   ELECTRON-TRANSFER; TRANSPORT; CLUSTERS; GLASSES; STATE
AB A fast and accurate scheme has been developed to evaluate two key molecular parameters (on-site energies and transfer integrals) that govern charge transport in organic supramolecular architecture devices. The scheme is based on a constrained density functional theory (CDFT) approach implemented in the linear-scaling BigDFT code that exploits a wavelet basis set. The method has been applied to model disordered structures generated by force-field simulations. The role of the environment on the transport parameters has been taken into account by building large clusters around the active molecules involved in the charge transfer.
C1 [Ratcliff, Laura E.; Genovese, Luigi; Deutsch, Thierry] Univ Grenoble Alpes, INAC SP2M, L Sim, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
   [Ratcliff, Laura E.; Genovese, Luigi; Deutsch, Thierry] CEA, INAC SP2M, L Sim, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
   [Grisanti, Luca; Beljonne, David; Cornil, Jerome] Univ Mons, Lab Chem Novel Mat, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
   [Grisanti, Luca] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys ICTP, I-34151 Trieste, Italy.
   [Neumann, Tobias; Danilov, Denis; Wenzel, Wolfgang] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany.
RP Ratcliff, LE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM lratcliff@anl.gov; lgrisant@ictp.it; jerome.cornil@umons.ac.be
RI Danilov, Denis/C-1373-2009; Genovese, Luigi/C-5937-2011; Deutsch,
   Thierry/A-6077-2009; Grisanti, Luca/O-4172-2016; Wenzel,
   Wolfgang/B-3207-2009
OI Genovese, Luigi/0000-0003-1747-0247; Deutsch,
   Thierry/0000-0001-7503-3390; Grisanti, Luca/0000-0003-4311-4676; Wenzel,
   Wolfgang/0000-0001-9487-4689
FU European Project MMM@HPC [FP7-RI-261594]; Inter-university Attraction
   Pole Program of the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [PAT 6/27];
   Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS); ANR
   [ANR-AA08-COSI-015, ANR-2010-COSI-005-01]; Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Oak Ridge Leadership Computing
   Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory by Office of Science of
   the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; European PRACE-2IP
   [FP7-RI-283493]; Helmholtz Association; Ministry for Science, Research
   and Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg (Ministerium fuer Wissenschaft, Forschung
   und Kunst Baden-Wuerttemberg) via the Landesgraduiertenfoerderung
FX The work in Mons and at KIT has been supported by the European Project
   MMM@HPC(FP7-RI-261594), the Inter-university Attraction Pole Program of
   the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (No. PAT 6/27), and the
   Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS). The work in CEA
   has been supported by funding from the ANR projects SAMSON (No.
   ANR-AA08-COSI-015) and NEWCASTLE (No. ANR-2010-COSI-005-01). This
   research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at
   Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science
   of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
   and Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility at the Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Part of the
   calculations, including tests, were also run on HPC resources available
   within the MOLED project granted by European PRACE-2IP (No.
   FP7-RI-283493). J.C. and D.B. are FNRS research directors. T.N. thanks
   the BioInterfaces International Graduate School within the BioInterfaces
   programme at KIT, funded by the Helmholtz Association, for support and
   the Ministry for Science, Research and Arts Baden-Wuerttemberg
   (Ministerium fuer Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Wuerttemberg)
   for funding via the Landesgraduiertenfoerderung. L.E.R. thanks Stephan
   Mohr for assistance with the spin-polarized calculations.
NR 46
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1549-9618
EI 1549-9626
J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT
JI J. Chem. Theory Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2077
EP 2086
DI 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00057
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA CI2LK
UT WOS:000354578900011
PM 26574411
ER

PT J
AU Ramakrishnan, R
   Dral, PO
   Rupp, M
   von Lilienfeld, OA
AF Ramakrishnan, Raghunathan
   Dral, Pavlo O.
   Rupp, Matthias
   von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole
TI Big Data Meets Quantum Chemistry Approximations: The Delta-Machine
   Learning Approach
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL SPACE; SEMIEMPIRICAL METHODS; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; DESIGN;
   METHODOLOGY
AB Chemically accurate and comprehensive studies of the virtual space of all possible molecules are severely limited by the computational cost of quantum chemistry. We introduce a composite strategy that adds machine learning corrections to computationally inexpensive approximate legacy quantum methods. After training, highly accurate predictions of enthalpies, free energies, entropies, and electron correlation energies are possible, for significantly larger molecular sets than used for training. For thermochemical properties of up to 16k isomers of C7H10O2 we present numerical evidence that chemical accuracy can be reached. We also predict electron correlation energy in post Hartree-Fock methods, at the computational cost of HartreeFock, and we establish a qualitative relationship between molecular entropy and electron correlation. The transferability of our approach is demonstrated, using semiempirical quantum chemistry and machine learning models trained on 1 and 10% of 134k organic molecules, to reproduce enthalpies of all remaining molecules at density functional theory level of accuracy.
C1 [Ramakrishnan, Raghunathan; Rupp, Matthias; von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole] Univ Basel, Inst Phys Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
   [Ramakrishnan, Raghunathan; Rupp, Matthias; von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole] Univ Basel, Natl Ctr Computat Design & Discovery Novel Mat, Dept Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
   [Dral, Pavlo O.] Max Planck Inst Kohlenforsch, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany.
   [Dral, Pavlo O.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Comp Chem Ctr, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
   [Dral, Pavlo O.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Chem & Pharm, Interdisciplinary Ctr Mol Mat, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany.
   [von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
RP von Lilienfeld, OA (reprint author), Univ Basel, Inst Phys Chem, Klingelbergstr 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
EM anatole.vonlilienfeld@unibas.ch
RI Ramakrishnan, Raghunathan/C-7250-2015; von Lilienfeld, O.
   Anatole/D-8529-2011; Dral, Pavlo/A-6089-2016; Rupp, Matthias/P-8680-2016
OI Ramakrishnan, Raghunathan/0000-0003-0866-3645; Dral,
   Pavlo/0000-0002-2975-9876; Rupp, Matthias/0000-0002-2934-2958
FU Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P2_138932]
FX This work was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (No.
   PP00P2_138932).
NR 51
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 12
U2 55
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1549-9618
EI 1549-9626
J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT
JI J. Chem. Theory Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2087
EP 2096
DI 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00099
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA CI2LK
UT WOS:000354578900012
PM 26574412
ER

PT J
AU Dral, PO
   von Lilienfeld, OA
   Thiel, W
AF Dral, Pavlo O.
   von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole
   Thiel, Walter
TI Machine Learning of Parameters for Accurate Semiempirical Quantum
   Chemical Calculations
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
ID DESIGN; DISCOVERY
AB We investigate possible improvements in the accuracy of semiempirical quantum chemistry (SQC) methods through the use of machine learning (ML) models for the parameters. For a given class of compounds, ML techniques require sufficiently large training sets to develop ML models that can be used for adapting SQC parameters to reflect changes in molecular composition and geometry. The ML-SQC approach allows the automatic tuning of SQC parameters for individual molecules, thereby improving the accuracy without deteriorating transferability to molecules with molecular descriptors very different from those in the training set. The performance of this approach is demonstrated for the semiempirical OM2 method using a set of 6095 constitutional isomers C7H10O2, for which accurate ab initio atomization enthalpies are available. The ML-OM2 results show improved average accuracy and a much reduced error range compared with those of standard OM2 results, with mean absolute errors in atomization enthalpies dropping from 6.3 to 1.7 kcal/mol. They are also found to be superior to the results from specific OM2 reparameterizations (rOM2) for the same set of isomers. The ML-SQC approach thus holds promise for fast and reasonably accurate high-throughput screening of materials and molecules.
C1 [Dral, Pavlo O.; Thiel, Walter] Max Planck Inst Kohlenforsch, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany.
   [von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole] Univ Basel, Inst Phys Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
   [von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole] Univ Basel, Natl Ctr Computat Design & Discovery Novel Mat, Dept Chem, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
   [von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Dral, PO (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kohlenforsch, Kaiser Wilhelm Pl 1, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany.
EM dral@kofo.mpg.de; thiel@kofo.mpg.de
RI von Lilienfeld, O. Anatole/D-8529-2011; Thiel, Walter/A-5677-2016; Dral,
   Pavlo/A-6089-2016
OI Thiel, Walter/0000-0001-6780-0350; Dral, Pavlo/0000-0002-2975-9876
FU European Research Council (ERC); Swiss National Science foundation
   [PP00P2_138932]
FX W.T. is grateful to the European Research Council (ERC) for financial
   support through an ERC Advanced Grant. O.A.v.L. acknowledges support
   from the Swiss National Science foundation (no. PP00P2_138932).
NR 32
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 7
U2 22
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1549-9618
EI 1549-9626
J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT
JI J. Chem. Theory Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2120
EP 2125
DI 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00141
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA CI2LK
UT WOS:000354578900015
ER

PT J
AU Raju, M
   Ganesh, P
   Kent, PRC
   van Duin, ACT
AF Raju, Muralikrishna
   Ganesh, P.
   Kent, Paul R. C.
   van Duin, Adri C. T.
TI Reactive Force Field Study of Li/C Systems for Electrical Energy Storage
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; INTERCALATION
   COMPOUNDS; DEFECTIVE GRAPHENE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; GRAPHITE; REAXFF;
   ELECTRODES; DIFFUSION; CARBONS
AB Graphitic carbon is still the most ubiquitously used anode material in Li-ion batteries. In spite of its ubiquity, there are few theoretical studies that fully capture the energetics and kinetics of Li in graphite and related nanostructures at experimentally relevant length, time-scales, and Li-ion concentrations. In this paper, we describe the development and application of a ReaxFF reactive force field to describe Li interactions in perfect and defective carbon-based materials using atomistic simulations. We develop force field parameters for Li-C systems using van der Waals-corrected density functional theory (DFT). Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of Li intercalation in perfect graphite with this new force field not only give a voltage profile in good agreement with known experimental and DFT results but also capture the in-plane Li ordering and interlayer separations for stage I and II compounds. In defective graphite, the ratio of Li/C (i.e., the capacitance increases and voltage shifts) both in proportion to the concentration of vacancy defects and metallic lithium is observed to explain the lithium plating seen in recent experiments. We also demonstrate the robustness of the force field by simulating model carbon nanostructures (i.e., both 0D and 1D structures) that can be potentially used as battery electrode materials. Whereas a 0D defective onion-like carbon facilitates fast charging/discharging rates by surface Li adsorption, a 1D defect-free carbon nanorod requires a critical density of Li for intercalation to occur at the edges. Our force field approach opens the opportunity for studying energetics and kinetics of perfect and defective Li/C structures containing thousands of atoms as a function of intercalation. This is a key step toward modeling of realistic carbon materials for energy applications.
C1 [Raju, Muralikrishna] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [van Duin, Adri C. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Ganesh, P.; Kent, Paul R. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Kent, Paul R. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Ganesh, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM ganeshp@ornl.gov; acv13@psu.edu
RI Ganesh, Panchapakesan/E-3435-2012; Kent, Paul/A-6756-2008
OI Ganesh, Panchapakesan/0000-0002-7170-2902; Kent,
   Paul/0000-0001-5539-4017
FU Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an
   Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Oak Ridge National Laboratory
   by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We acknowledge support from the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures
   and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded
   by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences. M.R. performed the ReaxFF fitting and calculations.
   A.C.T.vD. and P.R.C.K. supervised the work and contributed to the design
   of the study. P.G. performed density functional calculations and
   significantly contributed to the design of the scope and writing of the
   paper at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored
   at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities
   Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
   This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific
   Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the
   Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 48
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 13
U2 63
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1549-9618
EI 1549-9626
J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT
JI J. Chem. Theory Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2156
EP 2166
DI 10.1021/ct501027v
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA CI2LK
UT WOS:000354578900019
PM 26574418
ER

PT J
AU Jo, S
   Chipot, C
   Roux, B
AF Jo, Sunhwan
   Chipot, Christophe
   Roux, Benoit
TI Efficient Determination of Relative Entropy Using Combined Temperature
   and Hamiltonian Replica-Exchange Molecular Dynamics
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS METHOD; ADAPTIVE BIASING
   FORCE; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; PLAUSIBLE MODEL;
   COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; ENTHALPY; WATER; ASSOCIATION
AB The performance and accuracy of different simulation schemes for estimating the entropy inferred from free energy calculations are tested. The results obtained from replica-exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations based on a simplified toy model are compared to exact numerically derived ones to assess accuracy and convergence. It is observed that the error in entropy estimation decreases by at least an order of magnitude and the quantities of interest converge much faster when the simulations are coupled via a temperature REMD algorithm and the trajectories from different temperatures are combined. Simulations with the infinite-swapping method and its variants show some improvement over the traditional nearest-neighbor REMD algorithms, but they are more computationally expensive. To test the methodologies further, the free energy profile for the reversible association of two methane molecules in explicit water was calculated and decomposed into its entropic and enthalpic contributions. Finally, a strategy based on umbrella sampling computations carried out via simultaneous temperature and Hamiltonian REMD simulations is shown to yield the most accurate entropy estimation. The entropy profile between the two methane molecules displays the characteristic signature of a hydrophobic interaction.
C1 [Jo, Sunhwan] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Chipot, Christophe] CNRS, Lab Int Associe, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
   [Chipot, Christophe] Univ Lorraine, Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, UMR 7565, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France.
   [Chipot, Christophe] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Chipot, Christophe] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Res & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Roux, Benoit] Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gordon Ctr Integrat Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Roux, Benoit] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Roux, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 South Cass Ave,Bldg 440, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM roux@uchicago.edu
FU DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; France and
   Chicago Collaborating in the Sciences (FACCTS) Center
FX This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing
   Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under
   contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We gratefully acknowledge the computing
   resources provided on Fusion, a high-performance computing cluster
   operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National
   Laboratory. The Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement
   Superieur, Montpellier, is also gratefully acknowledged for the generous
   provision of computer time. The authors are indebted to the France and
   Chicago Collaborating in the Sciences (FACCTS) Center for their support.
NR 56
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 21
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1549-9618
EI 1549-9626
J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT
JI J. Chem. Theory Comput.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2234
EP 2244
DI 10.1021/ct501034w
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA CI2LK
UT WOS:000354578900025
PM 26574422
ER

PT J
AU Wehner, M
   Prabhat
   Reed, KA
   Stone, D
   Collins, WD
   Bacmeister, J
AF Wehner, Michael
   Prabhat
   Reed, Kevin A.
   Stone, Daithi
   Collins, William D.
   Bacmeister, Julio
TI Resolution Dependence of Future Tropical Cyclone Projections of CAM5.1
   in the US CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group Idealized Configurations
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; POTENTIAL
   INTENSITY; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; INCREASE; GCM; SENSITIVITY; INDEX; AGCM;
   CO2
AB The four idealized configurations of the U.S. CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group are integrated using the global Community Atmospheric Model version 5.1 at two different horizontal resolutions, approximately 100 and 25km. The publicly released 0.9 degrees x 1.3 degrees configuration is a poor predictor of the sign of the 0.23 degrees x 0.31 degrees model configuration's change in the total number of tropical storms in a warmer climate. However, it does predict the sign of the higher-resolution configuration's change in the number of intense tropical cyclones in a warmer climate. In the 0.23 degrees x 0.31 degrees model configuration, both increased CO2 concentrations and elevated sea surface temperature (SST) independently lower the number of weak tropical storms and shorten their average duration. Conversely, increased SST causes more intense tropical cyclones and lengthens their average duration, resulting in a greater number of intense tropical cyclone days globally. Increased SST also increased maximum tropical storm instantaneous precipitation rates across all storm intensities. It was found that while a measure of maximum potential intensity based on climatological mean quantities adequately predicts the 0.23 degrees x 0.31 degrees model's forced response in its most intense simulated tropical cyclones, a related measure of cyclogenesis potential fails to predict the model's actual cyclogenesis response to warmer SSTs. These analyses lead to two broader conclusions: 1) Projections of future tropical storm activity obtained by a direct tracking of tropical storms simulated by coarse-resolution climate models must be interpreted with caution. 2) Projections of future tropical cyclogenesis obtained from metrics of model behavior that are based solely on changes in long-term climatological fields and tuned to historical records must also be interpreted with caution.
C1 [Wehner, Michael; Prabhat; Stone, Daithi; Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Reed, Kevin A.; Bacmeister, Julio] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
RP Wehner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mfwehner@lbl.gov
RI Reed, Kevin/C-4466-2012; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; 
OI Reed, Kevin/0000-0003-3741-7080; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848;
   Stone, Daithi/0000-0002-2518-100X
FU Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program of the Office of Biological
   and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of
   Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. government
FX This work was supported by the Regional and Global Climate Modeling
   Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the
   U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. Calculations were performed at the National Energy
   Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) at the Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their thorough review
   comments which we feel substantially improved the study.; This document
   was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the U.S. government.
   While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither
   the U.S. government nor any agency thereof, nor the Regents of the
   University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any
   warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for
   the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus,
   product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not
   infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific
   commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark,
   manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its
   endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. government or any
   agency thereof, or the Regents of the University of California. The
   views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state
   or reflect those of the U.S. government or any agency thereof or the
   Regents of the University of California.
NR 48
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 3
U2 17
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 28
IS 10
BP 3905
EP 3925
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00311.1
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CH9QE
UT WOS:000354370100001
ER

PT J
AU Gao, YH
   Leung, LR
   Zhang, YX
   Cuo, L
AF Gao, Yanhong
   Leung, L. Ruby
   Zhang, Yongxin
   Cuo, Lan
TI Changes in Moisture Flux over the Tibetan Plateau during 1979-2011:
   Insights from a High-Resolution Simulation
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM;
   PART I; PRECIPITATION; HYDROCLIMATE; PROJECTIONS; MECHANISMS; HYDROLOGY;
   IMPACTS
AB Net precipitation [precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P - E)] changes between 1979 and 2011 from a high-resolution regional climate simulation and its reanalysis forcing are analyzed over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and compared to the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) product. The high-resolution simulation better resolves precipitation changes than its coarse-resolution forcing, which contributes dominantly to the improved P - E change in the regional simulation compared to the global reanalysis. Hence, the former may provide better insights about the drivers of P - E changes. The mechanism behind the P - E changes is explored by decomposing the column integrated moisture flux convergence into thermodynamic, dynamic, and transient eddy components. High-resolution climate simulation improves the spatial pattern of P - E changes over the best available global reanalysis. High-resolution climate simulation also facilitates new and substantial findings regarding the role of thermodynamics and transient eddies in P - E changes reflected in observed changes in major river basins fed by runoff from the TP. The analysis reveals the contrasting convergence/divergence changes between the northwestern and southeastern TP and feedback through latent heat release as an important mechanism leading to the mean P - E changes in the TP.
C1 [Gao, Yanhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Key Lab Land Surface Proc & Climate Change Cold &, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
   [Leung, L. Ruby] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Zhang, Yongxin] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA.
   [Cuo, Lan] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Gao, YH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, 320 Donggang West Rd, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
EM gaoyh@lzb.ac.cn
FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB956004]; National
   Natural Science Foundation of China [41322033]; "100-Talent" program -
   Chinese Academy of Sciences; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of
   Energy through the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program;
   Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX The reanalysis data used in this study are from the Research Data
   Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information
   Systems Laboratory (CISL) at the National Center for Atmospheric
   Research (NCAR). We acknowledge the Super Computing Center of Chinese
   Academy of Sciences for providing resources for conducting the
   simulations. This work is jointly supported by National Basic Research
   Program of China (2013CB956004), National Natural Science Foundation of
   China (41322033), and "100-Talent" program granted by the Chinese
   Academy of Sciences to Yanhong Gao and Lan Cuo. Ruby Leung is supported
   by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy through the
   Regional and Global Climate Modeling program. Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory is operated for Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial
   Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.
NR 52
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 29
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 28
IS 10
BP 4185
EP 4197
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00581.1
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CH9QE
UT WOS:000354370100017
ER

PT J
AU Webb-Robertson, BJM
   Wiberg, HK
   Matzke, MM
   Brown, JN
   Wang, J
   McDermott, JE
   Smith, RD
   Rodland, KD
   Metz, TO
   Pounds, JG
   Waters, KM
AF Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.
   Wiberg, Holli K.
   Matzke, Melissa M.
   Brown, Joseph N.
   Wang, Jing
   McDermott, Jason E.
   Smith, Richard D.
   Rodland, Karin D.
   Metz, Thomas O.
   Pounds, Joel G.
   Waters, Katrina M.
TI Review, Evaluation, and Discussion of the Challenges of Missing Value
   Imputation for Mass Spectrometry-Based Label-Free Global Proteomics
SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
DE Imputation; label free; peak intensity; accuracy; mean-square error;
   classification
ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; MS-BASED PROTEOMICS; PROTEIN
   QUANTIFICATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; EXPRESSION PROFILES; MICROARRAY
   DATA; OMICS DATA; NORMALIZATION; TECHNOLOGIES; INTENSITIES
AB In this review, we apply selected imputation strategies to label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics datasets to evaluate the accuracy With respect to metrics of Variance and classification. We evaluate several commonly used imputation approaches for individual merits and discuss the caveats of each approach with respect to the example LC-MS proteomics data. In general, local similarity-based approaches, such as the regularized expectation maximization and least-squares adaptive algorithms, yield the best overall performances with respect to metrics of accuracy and robustness. However, no single algorithm consistently Outperforms the remaining approaches, and in some cases, performing classification without imputation sometimes yielded the most accurate classification. Thus, because of the complex mechanisms of missing data in proteomics, which also vary from peptide to protein, no individual method is a single solution for imputation. On the basis of the observations in this review, the goal for imputation in the field of computational proteomics should be to develop new approaches that work generically for this data type and new strategies to guide users in the selection of the best imputation for their dataset and analysis objectives.
C1 [Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; Wiberg, Holli K.; Matzke, Melissa M.; Brown, Joseph N.; Wang, Jing; McDermott, Jason E.; Smith, Richard D.; Rodland, Karin D.; Metz, Thomas O.; Pounds, Joel G.; Waters, Katrina M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Webb-Robertson, BJM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K7-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM bj@pnnl.gov
RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012
OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseas,e [HHSN27220080060C,
   U01CA184783-01]; National Institutes of Health [DK071283]; National
   Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences [U54-ES016015]; U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830]
FX Computational work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy
   and Infectious Diseas,e contract nos. HHSN27220080060C (K.M.W) and
   U01CA184783-01 (B.-.M.W.-R.). The Dilution Series dataset was generated
   through Laboratory Directed Research and Development at Pacific
   Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) under the Signature Discovery
   Initiative (J.E.M., K.D.R). The human diabetes proteomics data was
   generated under National Institutes of Health grant no. DK071283
   (R.D.S., T.O.M), and the mouse lung LPS proteomics data was generated
   through National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences grant no.
   U54-ES016015 (J.G.P.). Proteomics datasets originated from samples
   analyzed using capabilities developed under the support of the National
   Center for Research Resources (P41-RR018522) and the National Institute
   of General Medical Sciences (P41-GM103493) from the National Institutes
   of Health and from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological
   and Environmental Research (R.D.S). Proteomics data were collected and
   processed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL).
   EMSL is a national scientific user facility supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy. All work was performed at PNNL, which is a
   multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S.
   Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC06-76RL01830.
NR 48
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 8
U2 34
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1535-3893
EI 1535-3907
J9 J PROTEOME RES
JI J. Proteome Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 14
IS 5
BP 1993
EP 2001
DI 10.1021/pr501138h
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA CH4LJ
UT WOS:000354004700001
PM 25855118
ER

PT J
AU Allen, MS
   Hurst, GB
   Lu, TYS
   Perry, LM
   Pan, CL
   Lankford, PK
   Pelletier, DA
AF Allen, Michael S.
   Hurst, Gregory B.
   Lu, Tse-Yuan S.
   Perry, Leslie M.
   Pan, Chongle
   Lankford, Patricia K.
   Pelletier, Dale A.
TI Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA010 Proteome Implicates Extracytoplasmic
   Function Sigma Factor in Stress Response
SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE ECF sigma factor; stress; gene regulation; Rhodopseudomonas palustris;
   proteomics
ID DPS-LIKE PROTEIN; CAULOBACTER-CRESCENTUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHOTGUN
   PROTEOMICS; 2-COMPONENT SYSTEM; CATALASE HPII; REGULATOR; SEQUENCE;
   IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM
AB Rhodopseudomonas palustris encodes 16 extracytoplasmic function (ECF) a factors. To begin to investigate the regulatory network of one Of these ECF sigma factors, the whole proteome of R palustris CGA010 was quantitatively analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry from cultures episomally expressing the ECF, sigma(RPA4225) (ecfT) versus a WT control. Among the proteins with the greatest increase in abundance were catalase KatE, trehalose synthase,,a DPS-like protein, and several regulatory proteins. Alignment of the cognate promoter regions driving expression of several upregulated proteins suggested a conserved binding motif in the -35 and -10 regions with the consensus sequence GGAAC-18N-TT.,Additionally, the putative anti-sigma factor RPA4224, whose gene is contained in the same predicted operon as RPA4225, was identified as interacting directly with the predicted response regulator RPA4223 by mass spectrometry of affinity-isolated protein tomplexes. Furthermore, another gene (RPA4226) coding for a protein that contains, a cytoplasmic histidine kinase domain is located immediately upstream of RPA4225. The genomic organization of orthologs for these four genes is conserved in several other strains of R. palustris as well as in closely related alpha-Proteobacteria. Taken together, these data suggest that ECF sigma(RPA4225) and the three additional genes Make up a sigma factor mimicry system in R. palustris.
C1 [Allen, Michael S.; Lu, Tse-Yuan S.; Lankford, Patricia K.; Pelletier, Dale A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Hurst, Gregory B.; Pan, Chongle] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Allen, Michael S.; Perry, Leslie M.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA.
   [Allen, Michael S.] Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Biosafety & Biosecur, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Ft Worth, TX 76107 USA.
RP Pelletier, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM pelletierda@ornl.gov
OI Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009
FU DOE Genomic Science Program - Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research, United States Department of Energy Office of Science; U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC0S-00OR22725]
FX We thank Becky Maggard, ORNL, for assistance with manuscript preparation
   and Manesh Shah, ORNL, for assistance with proteome informatics. This
   research was supported by the DOE Genomic Science Program, sponsored by
   the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, United States
   Department of Energy Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is
   managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract no.
   DE-AC0S-00OR22725, for the U.S. Department of Energy.
NR 44
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1535-3893
EI 1535-3907
J9 J PROTEOME RES
JI J. Proteome Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 14
IS 5
BP 2158
EP 2168
DI 10.1021/pr5012558
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA CH4LJ
UT WOS:000354004700016
PM 25853567
ER

PT J
AU Schmalzer, AM
   Giacomin, AJ
AF Schmalzer, A. M.
   Giacomin, A. J.
TI Orientation in Large-Amplitude Oscillatory Shear
SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID COMPLEX VISCOSITY; FLUID INERTIA; FLOW
AB We examine the simplest relevant molecular model for large-amplitude oscillatory shear flow of a polymeric liquid: The dilute suspension of rigid dumbbells in a Newtonian solvent. We find explicit analytical expressions for the orientation distribution, and specifically for test conditions of frequency and shear rate amplitude that generate higher harmonics in the shear stress and normal stress difference responses. We solve the diffusion equation analytically to explore molecular orientation induced by oscillatory shear flow. We see that the orientation distribution is neither even nor odd. We find zeroth, first, second, third, and fourth harmonics of the orientation distribution, and we have derived explicit analytical expressions for these. We provide a clear visualization of the orientation distribution in large-amplitude oscillatory shear flow in spherical coordinates all the way around one full alternant cycle. The Newtonian distribution is nearly isotropic, the linearly viscoelastic, only slightly anisotropic, and the nonlinear viscoelastic, highly anisotropic.
C1 [Schmalzer, A. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Diagnost & Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
   [Giacomin, A. J.] Queens Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
   [Giacomin, A. J.] Queens Univ, Polymers Res Grp, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
RP Giacomin, AJ (reprint author), Queens Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
EM giacomin@queensu.ca
FU Research Initiation Grant (RIG); Ontario/Baden-Wurttemberg Exchange
   Program for the Faculty Research Exchange; Canada Research Chairs
   program of the Government of Canada of the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair
   in Rheology
FX In connection with the rigid dumbbell kinetic theory, the authors
   acknowledge invaluable assistance from Professor Emeritus R. Byron Bird
   of the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department at the University
   of Wisconsin in Madison. A. J. Giacomin is indebted to the Faculty of
   Applied Science and Engineering of Queen's University at Kingston, for
   their support through a Research Initiation Grant (RIG). AJG
   acknowledges the Ontario/Baden-Wurttemberg Exchange Program for the
   Faculty Research Exchange 2014-2015 award. AJG is also indebted to
   Professor Manfred Wilhelm of the Institut fuer Technische und
   Polymerchemie of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany for
   hosting his Visiting Professorship during the summer of 2014. This
   research was undertaken, in part, thanks to funding from the Canada
   Research Chairs program of the Government of Canada of the Tier 1 Canada
   Research Chair in Rheology.
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1022-1344
EI 1521-3919
J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL
JI Macromol. Theory Simul.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 24
IS 3
BP 181
EP 207
DI 10.1002/mats.201400058
PG 27
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA CI6RV
UT WOS:000354889600002
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, J
   Jiang, DQ
   Hao, SJ
   Yu, C
   Zhang, JS
   Ren, Y
   Lu, DP
   Xie, SF
   Cui, LS
AF Jiang, Jiang
   Jiang, Daqiang
   Hao, Shijie
   Yu, Cun
   Zhang, Junsong
   Ren, Yang
   Lu, Deping
   Xie, Shifang
   Cui, Lishan
TI A nano lamella NbTi-NiTi composite with high strength
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
   MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
DE Nano lamellae composite; Martensitic transformation; Shape memory alloy
   (SMA); NiTi; In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction
ID IN-SITU COMPOSITE; ELASTIC STRAIN; DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; PLASTICITY;
   NANOCOMPOSITES; TRANSFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; NANOWIRES; NANOTUBES;
   MODULUS
AB A hypereutectic Nb60Ti24Ni16 (at%) alloy was prepared by vacuum induction melting, and a nano lamellae NbTi-NiTi composite was obtained by hot-forging and wire-drawing of the ingot Microscopic analysis showed that NbTi and NiTi nano lamellae distributed alternatively in the composite, and aligned along the wire axial direction, with a high volume fraction (similar to 70%) of NbTi nano lamellae. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that stress induced martensitic transformation occurred upon loading, which would effectively weaken the stress concentration at the interface and avoid the introduction of defects into the nano reinforced phase. Then the embedded NbTi nano lamellae exhibited a high elastic strain up to 2.72%, 1.5 times as high as that of the Nb nanowires embedded in a conventional plastic matrix, and the corresponding stress carried by NbTi was evaluated as 2.53 GPa. The high volume fraction of NbTi nano lamellae improved the translation of high strength from the nano reinforced phase into bulk properties of the composite, with a platform stress of similar to 1.7 GPa and a fracture strength of similar to 1.9 GPa. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Jiang, Jiang; Lu, Deping; Xie, Shifang] Jiangxi Acad Sci, Jiangxi Key Lab Adv Copper & Tungsten Mat, Nanchang 330029, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Jiang; Lu, Deping; Xie, Shifang] Jiangxi Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nanchang 330029, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Jiang; Jiang, Daqiang; Hao, Shijie; Yu, Cun; Zhang, Junsong; Cui, Lishan] China Univ Petr, State Key Lab Heavy Oil Proc, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Jiang; Jiang, Daqiang; Hao, Shijie; Yu, Cun; Zhang, Junsong; Cui, Lishan] China Univ Petr, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China.
   [Jiang, Daqiang] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
   [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Cui, LS (reprint author), China Univ Petr, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 102249, Peoples R China.
EM lishancui63@126.com
RI Jiang, Daqiang /G-5511-2014
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (NSFC) [51231008,
   51401096]; Chinese Ministry of Education [313055]; Ph.D. Programs
   Foundation of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences [2013-YYB-5]; Special Funds
   for Collaborative Innovation of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
   [2013-XTPH1-33]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science; US
   Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work is supported by the key program project of National Natural
   Science Foundation of China, China (NSFC) (51231008, and 51401096), the
   Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (313055), the Ph.D.
   Programs Foundation of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences (no. 2013-YYB-5), and
   the Special Funds for Collaborative Innovation of Jiangxi Academy of
   Sciences (no. 2013-XTPH1-33). The use of the Advanced Photon Source was
   supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office
   of Basic Energy Science under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 22
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0921-5093
EI 1873-4936
J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 633
BP 121
EP 124
DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.010
PG 4
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
GA CH2HB
UT WOS:000353845200016
ER

PT J
AU Smith, SJ
   Clarke, LE
   Edmonds, JA
   Kejun, J
   Kriegler, E
   Masui, T
   Riahi, K
   Shukla, PR
   Tavoni, M
   van Vuuren, DP
   Weyant, JP
AF Smith, Steven J.
   Clarke, Leon E.
   Edmonds, James A.
   Kejun, Jiang
   Kriegler, Elmar
   Masui, Toshihiko
   Riahi, Keywan
   Shukla, Priyadarshi R.
   Tavoni, Massimo
   van Vuuren, Detlef P.
   Weyant, John P.
TI Long history of IAM comparisons
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Letter
ID COSTS
C1 [Smith, Steven J.; Clarke, Leon E.; Edmonds, James A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
   [Kejun, Jiang] Energy Res Inst, Beijing 100038, Peoples R China.
   [Kriegler, Elmar] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Masui, Toshihiko] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan.
   [Riahi, Keywan] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
   [Shukla, Priyadarshi R.] Indian Inst Management, Ahmadabad 380015, Gujarat, India.
   [Tavoni, Massimo] Fdn Eni Enrico Mattei, I-20123 Milan, Italy.
   [van Vuuren, Detlef P.] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands.
   [van Vuuren, Detlef P.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands.
   [Weyant, John P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
EM ssmith@pnl.gov
RI van Vuuren, Detlef/A-4764-2009; Kriegler, Elmar/I-3048-2016; Riahi,
   Keywan/B-6426-2011
OI van Vuuren, Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831; Kriegler,
   Elmar/0000-0002-3307-2647; Riahi, Keywan/0000-0001-7193-3498
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 11
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
BP 391
EP 391
PG 1
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CI6SO
UT WOS:000354891900004
ER

PT J
AU Iyer, GC
   Clarke, LE
   Edmonds, JA
   Flannery, BP
   Hultman, NE
   McJeon, HC
   Victor, DG
AF Iyer, Gokul C.
   Clarke, Leon E.
   Edmonds, James A.
   Flannery, Brian P.
   Hultman, Nathan E.
   McJeon, Haewon C.
   Victor, David G.
TI Improved representation of investment decisions in assessments of CO2
   mitigation
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-CARBON; TECHNOLOGIES; MARKET; TERM
AB Assessments of emissions mitigation patterns have largely ignored the huge variation in real-world factors-in particular, institutions-that affect where, how and at what costs firms deploy capital(1-5). We investigate one such factor-how national institutions affect investment risks and thus the cost of financing(6-8). We use an integrated assessment model (IAM; ref. 9) to represent the variation in investment risks across technologies and regions in the electricity generation sector-a pivotally important sector in most assessments of climate change mitigation(10)-and compute the impact on the magnitude and distribution of mitigation costs. This modified representation of investment risks has two major effects. First, achieving an emissions mitigation goal is more expensive than it would be in a world with uniform investment risks. Second, industrialized countries mitigate more, and developing countries mitigate less. Here, we introduce a new front in the research on how real-world factors influence climate mitigation. We also suggest that institutional reforms aimed at lowering investment risks could be an important element of cost-effective climate mitigation strategies.
C1 [Iyer, Gokul C.; Hultman, Nathan E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Policy, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
   [Iyer, Gokul C.; Clarke, Leon E.; Edmonds, James A.; McJeon, Haewon C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA.
   [Flannery, Brian P.] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA.
   [Victor, David G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Int Relat & Pacific Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Iyer, GC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Publ Policy, 2101 Van Munching Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.
EM Gokul.Iyer@pnnl.gov
OI Flannery, Brian/0000-0002-3318-8068
FU Global Technology Strategy Program; National Science Foundation
   [1056998]; Electric Power Research Institute; BP Plc; Norwegian Research
   Foundation; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX Research support for G.C.I., L.E.C., J.A.E. and H.C.M. was provided by
   the Global Technology Strategy Program. N.E.H. was supported by the
   National Science Foundation under grant number 1056998. D.G.V. was
   supported by the Electric Power Research Institute, BP Plc and the
   Norwegian Research Foundation. This research used Evergreen computing
   resources at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL) Joint
   Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland in
   College Park. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute
   under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The views and opinions expressed in
   this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the
   official policy or position of any agency of the United States.
NR 26
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 11
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
BP 436
EP 440
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2553
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CI6SO
UT WOS:000354891900019
ER

PT J
AU Lin, YS
   Medlyn, BE
   Duursma, RA
   Prentice, IC
   Wang, H
   Baig, S
   Eamus, D
   de Dios, VR
   Mitchell, P
   Ellsworth, DS
   Op de Beeck, M
   Wallin, G
   Uddling, J
   Tarvainen, L
   Linderson, ML
   Cernusak, LA
   Nippert, JB
   Ocheltree, T
   Tissue, DT
   Martin-St Paul, NK
   Rogers, A
   Warren, JM
   De Angelis, P
   Hikosaka, K
   Han, QM
   Onoda, Y
   Gimeno, TE
   Barton, CVM
   Bennie, J
   Bonal, D
   Bosc, A
   Low, M
   Macinins-Ng, C
   Rey, A
   Rowland, L
   Setterfield, SA
   Tausz-Posch, S
   Zaragoza-Castells, J
   Broadmeadow, MSJ
   Drake, JE
   Freeman, M
   Ghannoum, O
   Hutley, LB
   Kelly, JW
   Kikuzawa, K
   Kolari, P
   Koyama, K
   Limousin, JM
   Meir, P
   da Costa, ACL
   Mikkelsen, TN
   Salinas, N
   Sun, W
   Wingate, L
AF Lin, Yan-Shih
   Medlyn, Belinda E.
   Duursma, Remko A.
   Prentice, I. Colin
   Wang, Han
   Baig, Sofia
   Eamus, Derek
   Resco de Dios, Victor
   Mitchell, Patrick
   Ellsworth, David S.
   Op de Beeck, Maarten
   Wallin, Goran
   Uddling, Johan
   Tarvainen, Lasse
   Linderson, Maj-Lena
   Cernusak, Lucas A.
   Nippert, Jesse B.
   Ocheltree, Troyw.
   Tissue, David T.
   Martin-St Paul, Nicolas K.
   Rogers, Alistair
   Warren, Je M.
   De Angelis, Paolo
   Hikosaka, Kouki
   Han, Qingmin
   Onoda, Yusuke
   Gimeno, Teresa E.
   Barton, Craig V. M.
   Bennie, Jonathan
   Bonal, Damien
   Bosc, Alexandre
   Loew, Markus
   Macinins-Ng, Cate
   Rey, Ana
   Rowland, Lucy
   Setterfield, Samantha A.
   Tausz-Posch, Sabine
   Zaragoza-Castells, Joana
   Broadmeadow, Mark S. J.
   Drake, John E.
   Freeman, Michael
   Ghannoum, Oula
   Hutley, Lindsay B.
   Kelly, Jeff W.
   Kikuzawa, Kihachiro
   Kolari, Pasi
   Koyama, Kohei
   Limousin, Jean-Marc
   Meir, Patrick
   Lola da Costa, Antonio C.
   Mikkelsen, Teis N.
   Salinas, Norma
   Sun, Wei
   Wingate, Lisa
TI Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world
SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT; MODEL; TREES;
   PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ASSIMILATION; CONVERGENCE; CONDUCTANCE; ECOLOGY
AB Stomatal conductance (g(s)) is a key land-surface attribute as it links transpiration, the dominant component of global land evapotranspiration, and photosynthesis, the driving force of the global carbon cycle. Despite the pivotal role of g(s) in predictions of global water and carbon cycle changes, a global-scale database and an associated globally applicable model of g(s) that allow predictions of stomatal behaviour are lacking. Here, we present a database of globally distributed g(s) obtained in the field for a wide range of plant functional types (PFTs) and biomes. We find that stomatal behaviour differs among PFTs according to their marginal carbon cost of water use, as predicted by the theory underpinning the optimal stomatal model(1) and the leaf and wood economics spectrum(2,3). We also demonstrate a global relationship with climate. These findin g(s) provide a robust theoretical framework for understanding and predicting the behaviour of g(s) across biomes and across PFTs that can be applied to regional, continental and global-scale modelling of ecosystem productivity, energy balance and ecohydrological processes in a future changing climate.
C1 [Lin, Yan-Shih; Medlyn, Belinda E.; Prentice, I. Colin; Wang, Han; Baig, Sofia; Kelly, Jeff W.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
   [Duursma, Remko A.; Ellsworth, David S.; Tissue, David T.; Gimeno, Teresa E.; Barton, Craig V. M.; Drake, John E.; Ghannoum, Oula] Univ Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Inst Environm, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
   [Prentice, I. Colin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, AXA Chair Biosphere & Climate Impacts Grand Chall, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   [Prentice, I. Colin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Grantham Inst Climate Change & Environm, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England.
   [Eamus, Derek] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
   [Resco de Dios, Victor] Univ Lleida, AGROTECNIO Ctr, Dept Crop & Forest Sci, Ramon y Cajal Programme, E-25198 Lleida, Spain.
   [Mitchell, Patrick] CSIRO Ecosyst Sci, Sandy Bay, Tas 7005, Australia.
   [Op de Beeck, Maarten] Univ Antwerp, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
   [Wallin, Goran; Uddling, Johan] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   [Tarvainen, Lasse] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden.
   [Linderson, Maj-Lena] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, S-22362 Lund, Sweden.
   [Cernusak, Lucas A.] James Cook Univ, Cairns, Qld 4879, Australia.
   [Nippert, Jesse B.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66505 USA.
   [Ocheltree, Troyw.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest & Rangeland Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Martin-St Paul, Nicolas K.] Univ Paris 11, Lab Ecol Systemat & Evolut, UMR8079, F-91405 Orsay, France.
   [Rogers, Alistair] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Warren, Je M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [De Angelis, Paolo] Univ Tuscia, Dept Innovat Biol Agrofood & Forest Syst, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
   [Hikosaka, Kouki] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan.
   [Han, Qingmin] FFPRI, Hokkaido Res Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0628516, Japan.
   [Onoda, Yusuke] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Div Environm Sci & Technol, Kyoto 6068502, Japan.
   [Bennie, Jonathan] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn TR10 9FE, England.
   [Bonal, Damien] INRA, F-54280 Nancy, Champenoux, France.
   [Bosc, Alexandre; Wingate, Lisa] INRA, F-33140 Villenave Dornon, France.
   [Bosc, Alexandre] Bordeaux Sci Agro, UMR ISPA 1391, F-33170 Gradignan, France.
   [Loew, Markus; Tausz-Posch, Sabine] Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Creswick, Vic 3363, Australia.
   [Macinins-Ng, Cate] Univ Auckland, Sch Environm, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
   [Rey, Ana] MNCN CSIC, Spanish Sci Council, Dept Biogeog & Global Change, Madrid 28006, Spain.
   [Rowland, Lucy; Zaragoza-Castells, Joana; Meir, Patrick] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, Midlothian, Scotland.
   [Setterfield, Samantha A.; Hutley, Lindsay B.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Casuarina, NT 0909, Australia.
   [Broadmeadow, Mark S. J.] Forestry Commiss England, Climate Change Forest Serv, Bristol BD16 1EJ, Avon, England.
   [Freeman, Michael] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
   [Kikuzawa, Kihachiro; Koyama, Kohei] Ishikawa Prefectural Univ, Fac Bioresources & Environm Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 9218836, Japan.
   [Kolari, Pasi] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
   [Koyama, Kohei] Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Dept Life Sci & Agr, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0800834, Japan.
   Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   [Lola da Costa, Antonio C.] Fed Univ Para, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil.
   [Mikkelsen, Teis N.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Ctr Ecosyst & Environm Sustainabil, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
   [Salinas, Norma] PUCP, Secc Quim, Lima 15088, Peru.
   [Salinas, Norma] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog, Oxford OX1 3QY, England.
   [Sun, Wei] NE Normal Univ, Key Lab Vegetat Ecol, Inst Grassland Sci, Changchun 130024, Jilin, Peoples R China.
RP Lin, YS (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
EM yanshihL@gmail.com
RI Meir, Patrick/J-8344-2012; Rey, Ana/F-5791-2016; Gimeno,
   Teresa/C-8770-2011; Resco de Dios, Victor/G-5555-2014; Tissue,
   David/H-6596-2015; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Wingate,
   Lisa/G-5575-2015; Hikosaka, Kouki/A-5415-2013; Koyama,
   Kohei/J-4153-2015; Salinas, Norma/K-8960-2015; Onoda,
   Yusuke/L-7179-2015; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Bosc,
   Alexandre/A-3375-2016; Mitchell, Patrick/D-7454-2011; Cernusak,
   Lucas/A-6859-2011; Hutley, Lindsay/A-7925-2011; Warren,
   Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Drake, John/N-8490-2014
OI Lin, Yan-Shih/0000-0003-3177-5186; Bennie, Jonathan/0000-0003-4394-2041;
   Ghannoum, Oula/0000-0002-1341-0741; De Angelis,
   Paolo/0000-0001-8310-8831; Low, Markus/0000-0002-8514-4710; Kolari,
   Pasi/0000-0001-7271-633X; Mikkelsen, Teis Norgaard/0000-0001-7470-6522;
   Duursma, Remko/0000-0002-8499-5580; Rey, Ana/0000-0003-0394-101X;
   Gimeno, Teresa/0000-0002-1707-9291; Resco de Dios,
   Victor/0000-0002-5721-1656; Medlyn, Belinda/0000-0001-5728-9827; Tissue,
   David/0000-0002-8497-2047; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430;
   Wingate, Lisa/0000-0003-1921-1556; Hikosaka, Kouki/0000-0003-1744-3775;
   Koyama, Kohei/0000-0001-6707-3130; Salinas, Norma/0000-0001-9941-2109;
   Onoda, Yusuke/0000-0001-6245-2342; Bosc, Alexandre/0000-0002-7467-2577;
   Cernusak, Lucas/0000-0002-7575-5526; Hutley,
   Lindsay/0000-0001-5533-9886; Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; Drake,
   John/0000-0003-4274-4780
FU Australian Research Council (ARC MIA Discovery Project)
   [1433500-2012-14]; Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE-Arctic)
   project by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the
   Department of Energy, Office of Science; United States Department of
   Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Belgian Science Policy (OFFQ) [SD/AF/02]
FX This research was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC MIA
   Discovery Project 1433500-2012-14). A.R. was financially supported in
   part by The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments (NGEE-Arctic) project,
   which is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research in the Department of Energy, Office of Science, and through the
   United States Department of Energy contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 to
   Brookhaven National Laboratory. M.O.d.B. acknowledges that the Brassica
   data were obtained within a research project financed by the Belgian
   Science Policy (OFFQ, contract number SD/AF/02) and coordinated by K.
   Vandermeiren at the Open-Top Chamber research facilities of CODA-CERVA
   (Tervuren, Belgium).
NR 32
TC 38
Z9 39
U1 24
U2 139
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1758-678X
EI 1758-6798
J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE
JI Nat. Clim. Chang.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
BP 459
EP 464
DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2550
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CI6SO
UT WOS:000354891900025
ER

PT J
AU Ma, YY
   Zhang, DC
   Yan, ZY
   Wang, MF
   Bian, CL
   Gao, XL
   Bunel, EE
   Lei, AW
AF Ma, Yiyang
   Zhang, Dongchao
   Yan, Zhiyuan
   Wang, Mengfan
   Bian, Changliang
   Gao, Xinlong
   Bunel, Emilio E.
   Lei, Aiwen
TI Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling between Electron-Rich
   Arenes and Alkenes
SO ORGANIC LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOND ACTIVATION; DIRECT ARYLATION; CARBON-CARBON; UNACTIVATED ALKENES;
   METAL-FREE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; PALLADIUM; COPPER; CLEAVAGE; ALKYNES
AB A novel oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reaction between electron-rich arenes and alkenes is established utilizing FeCl3 as the catalyst and DDQ as the oxidant. Interestingly, direct arylation products are obtained with diaryl-ethylenes and double arylation products are obtained with styrene derivatives, which show high chemoselectivity and good substrate scope. A radical trapping experiment and EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) experiments indicate that this reaction proceeds through a radical pathway in which DDQ plays a key role in the aryl radical formation. XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) experiments reveal that the oxidation state of the iron catalyst does not change during the reaction, suggesting that FeCl3 might be used as a Lewis acid. Finally, a detailed mechanism is proposed for this transformation.
C1 [Ma, Yiyang; Zhang, Dongchao; Yan, Zhiyuan; Wang, Mengfan; Bian, Changliang; Gao, Xinlong; Lei, Aiwen] Wuhan Univ, Inst Adv Studies, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
   [Bunel, Emilio E.; Lei, Aiwen] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Lei, Aiwen] Jiangxi Normal Univ, Natl Res Ctr Carbohydrate Synth, Nanchang 330022, Peoples R China.
RP Bunel, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM ebunel@anl.gov; aiwenlei@whu.edu.cn
RI Lei, Aiwen/G-8033-2015; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011
OI Lei, Aiwen/0000-0001-8417-3061; 
FU 973 Program [2011CB808600, 2012CB725302]; National Natural Science
   Foundation of China [21390400, 21025206, 21272180, 21302148]; Research
   Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
   [20120141130002]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative
   Research Team in University [IRT1030]; Chemical Sciences and Engineering
   Division, Argonne National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy, Office
   of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357];
   Department of Energy; MRCAT member institutions
FX This work was supported by the 973 Program (2011CB808600, 2012CB725302),
   the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21390400, 21025206,
   21272180, 21302148), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of
   Higher Education of China (20120141130002), and the Program for
   Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University
   (IRT1030). The Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to
   Universities of China (111 Program) is appreciated as well. This work
   was also funded by the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division,
   Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT
   operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT
   member institutions.
NR 79
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 14
U2 89
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1523-7060
EI 1523-7052
J9 ORG LETT
JI Org. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 9
BP 2174
EP 2177
DI 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00775
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Organic
SC Chemistry
GA CH4LG
UT WOS:000354004400035
PM 25860622
ER

PT J
AU Wierer, JJ
   Tsao, JY
AF Wierer, Jonathan J., Jr.
   Tsao, Jeffrey Y.
TI Advantages of III-nitride laser diodes in solid-state lighting
SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors(IWN 2014)
CY AUG 24-29, 2015
CL Wroclaw, POLAND
DE laser diodes; light-emitting diodes; phosphor-converted; solid-state
   lighting; III-nitride
ID EMITTING-DIODES; QUANTUM-WELLS; EFFICIENCY
AB III-nitride laser diodes (LDs) are an interesting light source for solid-state lighting (SSL). Modelling of LDs is performed to reveal the potential advantages over traditionally used light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The first, and most notable, advantage is LDs have higher efficiency at higher currents when compared to LEDs. This is because Auger recombination that causes efficiency droop can no longer grow after laser threshold. Second, the same phosphor-converted methods used with LEDs can also be used with LDs to produce white light with similar color rendering and color temperature. Third, producing white light from color mixed emitters is equally challenging for both LEDs and LDs, with neither source having a direct advantage. Fourth, the LD emission is directional and can be more readily captured and focused, leading to the possibility of novel and more compact luminaires. Finally, the smaller area and higher current density operation of LDs provides them with a potential cost advantage over LEDs. These advantages make LDs a compelling source for future SSL.
C1 [Wierer, Jonathan J., Jr.; Tsao, Jeffrey Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Wierer, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM jwierer@sandia.gov
RI Wierer, Jonathan/G-1594-2013
OI Wierer, Jonathan/0000-0001-6971-4835
FU Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center -
   U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S.
   Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX We thank Dmitry Sizov for his useful discussions on LD efficiency and
   modelling. This work was supported by Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting
   Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department
   of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia National Laboratories
   is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia
   Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation,
   for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 41
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 21
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1862-6300
EI 1862-6319
J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI A
JI Phys. Status Solidi A-Appl. Mat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 212
IS 5
SI SI
BP 980
EP 985
DI 10.1002/pssa.201431700
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics,
   Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA CI0DB
UT WOS:000354405000014
ER

PT J
AU D'Aquila, K
   Liu, YZ
   Iddir, H
   Petford-Long, AK
AF D'Aquila, Kenneth
   Liu, Yuzi
   Iddir, Hakim
   Petford-Long, Amanda K.
TI In situ TEM study of reversible and irreversible electroforming in
   Pt/Ti:NiO/Pt heterostructures
SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE NiO; resistive switching; transmission electron microscopy;
   heterostructures
ID RESISTIVE SWITCHING MEMORY; NIO THIN-FILMS; NICKEL-OXIDE;
   ELECTROMIGRATION; STABILITY; FILAMENT; METALS
AB Experimental verification of the microscopic origin of resistance switching in metal/oxide/metal heterostructures is needed for applications in non-volatile memory and neuromorphic computing. Numerous reports suggest that resistance switching in NiO is caused by local reduction of the oxide layer into nanoscale conducting filaments, but few reports have shown experimental evidence correlating electroforming with site-specific changes in composition. We have investigated the mechanisms of reversible and irreversible electroforming in 250-500 nm wide pillars patterned from a single Ta/Ti/Pt/Ti-doped NiO/Pt/Ta heterostructure and have shown that these can coexist within a single sample. We performed in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) electroforming and switching on each pillar to correlate the local electron transport behavior with microstructure and composition in each pillar. DFT calculations fitted to electron energy loss spectroscopy data showed that the Ti-doped NiO layer is partially reduced after reversible electroforming, with the formation of oxygen vacancies ordered into lines in the < 110 > direction. However, under the same probing conditions, adjacent pillars show irreversible electroforming caused by electromigration of metallic Ta to form a single bridge across the oxide layer. We propose that the different electroforming behaviors are related to microstructural variations across the sample and may lead to switching variability. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
C1 [D'Aquila, Kenneth; Iddir, Hakim; Petford-Long, Amanda K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
   [Liu, Yuzi] Argonne Natl Lab, Nanosci & Technol Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [D'Aquila, Kenneth; Petford-Long, Amanda K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
RP Petford-Long, AK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
EM petford.long@anl.gov
RI Liu, Yuzi/C-6849-2011
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Use of the Center
   for Nanoscale Materials, including resources in the Electron Microscopy
   Center, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. Computer time allocations at the Fusion Computer
   Facility, Argonne National Laboratory and at EMSL Pacific Northwest
   National Laboratory are gratefully acknowledged.
NR 39
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 6
U2 61
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 1862-6254
EI 1862-6270
J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI-R
JI Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 301
EP 306
DI 10.1002/pssr.201510063
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics,
   Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA CI6RI
UT WOS:000354888300005
ER

PT J
AU Noutsos, C
   Perera, AM
   Nikolau, BJ
   Seaver, SMD
   Ware, DH
AF Noutsos, Christos
   Perera, Ann M.
   Nikolau, Basil J.
   Seaver, Samuel M. D.
   Ware, Doreen H.
TI Metabolomic Profiling of the Nectars of Aquilegia pubescens and
   A-Canadensis
SO PLOS ONE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUGAR COMPOSITION; AMINO-ACIDS; FLOWERS; HUMMINGBIRDS; POLLINATION;
   ANNOTATION; PARENTS; HYBRIDS; SEED
AB To date, variation in nectar chemistry of flowering plants has not been studied in detail. Such variation exerts considerable influence on pollinator-plant interactions, as well as on flower traits that play important roles in the selection of a plant for visitation by specific pollinators. Over the past 60 years the Aquilegia genus has been used as a key model for speciation studies. In this study, we defined the metabolomic profiles of flower samples of two Aquilegia species, A. Canadensis and Aquilegia pubescens. We identified a total of 75 metabolites that were classified into six main categories: organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, esters, sugars, and unknowns. The mean abundances of 25 of these metabolites were significantly different between the two species, providing insights into interspecies variation in floral chemistry. Using the PlantSEED biochemistry database, we found that the majority of these metabolites are involved in biosynthetic pathways. Finally, we explored the annotated genome of A. coerulea, using the PlantSEED pipeline and reconstructed the metabolic network of Aquilegia. This network, which contains the metabolic pathways involved in generating the observed chemical variation, is now publicly available from the DOE Systems Biology Knowledge Base (KBase; http://kbase.us).
C1 [Noutsos, Christos; Ware, Doreen H.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA.
   [Perera, Ann M.; Nikolau, Basil J.] Iowa State Univ, WM Keck Metabol Res Lab, Ames, IA USA.
   [Nikolau, Basil J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA USA.
   [Seaver, Samuel M. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Seaver, Samuel M. D.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Ware, Doreen H.] USDA ARS, NAA, Robert W Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
RP Noutsos, C (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA.
EM cnoutsos@cshl.edu
FU National Science Foundation of United States of America under Division
   of Biological Infrastructure [DBI-1265382]; Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSF [BDI-1265383]; iPlant Collaborative Project
FX This work was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation of
   United States of America under the Division of Biological Infrastructure
   to Dr. Doreen Ware who is Co-Principal Investigator to the DBI-1265382.
   Financial support was provided by the Department of Energy
   (DE-AC02-98CH10886) for Seaver SMD and to Christos Noutsos from the NSF
   by the BDI-1265383, the iPlant Collaborative Project. Basil J. Nikolau
   and and Ann M. Perera received no specific funding for this work. The
   funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 3
U2 17
PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA
SN 1932-6203
J9 PLOS ONE
JI PLoS One
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 5
AR e0124501
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124501
PG 13
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH2XA
UT WOS:000353887100046
PM 25933103
ER

PT J
AU Blakely, E
AF Blakely, E.
TI Warren K. Sinclair March 9, 1924-May 14, 2014 IN MEMORIAM
SO RADIATION RESEARCH
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Blakely, E (reprint author), LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0033-7587
EI 1938-5404
J9 RADIAT RES
JI Radiat. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 183
IS 5
BP 584
EP 585
DI 10.1667/RR00WS.1
PG 2
WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology,
   Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA CI7VI
UT WOS:000354972500011
PM 26000759
ER

PT J
AU Liu, WS
   Stewart, CN
AF Liu, Wusheng
   Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.
TI Plant synthetic biology
SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
LA English
DT Review
DE plant synthetic biology; design cycle; enabling tools; engineering
   principles; pioneering applications
ID GENE NETWORKS; BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; ARABIDOPSIS
   PLANTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DESIGN; CELL; CIRCUITS; PATHWAY; PROMOTERS
AB Plant synthetic biology is an emerging field that combines engineering principles with plant biology toward the design and production of new devices. This emerging field should play an important role in future agriculture for traditional crop improvement, but also in enabling novel bioproduction in plants. In this review we discuss the design cycles of synthetic biology as well as key engineering principles, genetic parts, and computational tools that can be utilized in plant synthetic biology. Some pioneering examples are offered as a demonstration of how synthetic biology can be used to modify plants for specific purposes. These include synthetic sensors, synthetic metabolic pathways, and synthetic genomes. We also speculate about the future of synthetic biology of plants.
C1 [Liu, Wusheng; Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Stewart, CN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM nealstewart@utk.edu
FU University of Tennessee; US Department of Agriculture Hatch Grant; US
   Department of Energy ARPA-E PETRO; BioEnergy Science Center (BESC);
   Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of
   Energy (DOE) Office of Science
FX The authors thank the University of Tennessee, a US Department of
   Agriculture Hatch Grant, the US Department of Energy ARPA-E PETRO, and
   the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) for funding. The BESC is a Bioenergy
   Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research in the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science.
NR 91
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 13
U2 81
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 1360-1385
J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI
JI Trends Plant Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 20
IS 5
BP 309
EP 317
DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.02.004
PG 9
WC Plant Sciences
SC Plant Sciences
GA CI8TR
UT WOS:000355045100011
PM 25825364
ER

PT J
AU Aab, A
   Abreu, P
   Aglietta, M
   Ahn, EJ
   Al Samarai, I
   Albuquerque, IFM
   Allekotte, I
   Allen, J
   Allison, P
   Almela, A
   Castillo, JA
   Alvarez-Muniz, J
   Batista, RA
   Ambrosio, M
   Aminaei, A
   Anchordoqui, L
   Andringa, S
   Aramo, C
   Aranda, VM
   Arqueros, F
   Asorey, H
   Assis, P
   Aublin, J
   Ave, M
   Avenier, M
   Avila, G
   Awal, N
   Badescu, AM
   Barber, KB
   Bauml, J
   Baus, C
   Beatty, JJ
   Becker, KH
   Bellido, JA
   Berat, C
   Bertaina, ME
   Bertou, X
   Biermann, PL
   Billoir, P
   Blaess, SG
   Blanco, M
   Bleve, C
   Blumer, H
   Bohacova, M
   Boncioli, D
   Bonifazi, C
   Bonino, R
   Borodai, N
   Brack, J
   Brancus, I
   Bridgeman, A
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   de Jong, SJ
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   de Oliveira, J
   de Souza, V
   del Peral, L
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   Garcia-Pinto, D
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   Giller, M
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   Gouffon, P
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   Griffith, N
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   Guarino, F
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   Hansen, P
   Harari, D
   Harrison, TA
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   Harton, JL
   Haungs, A
   Hebbeker, T
   Heck, D
   Heimann, P
   Herve, AE
   Hill, GC
   Hojvat, C
   Hollon, N
   Holt, E
   Homola, P
   Horandel, JR
   Horvath, P
   Hrabovsky, M
   Huber, D
   Huege, T
   Insolia, A
   Isar, PG
   Jandt, I
   Jansen, S
   Jarne, C
   Josebachuili, M
   Kaapa, A
   Kambeitz, O
   Kampert, KH
   Kasper, P
   Katkov, I
   Kegl, B
   Keilhauer, B
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   Kromer, O
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   Kunka, N
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   Lauscher, M
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   de Oliveira, MAL
   Letessier-Selvon, A
   Lhenry-Yvon, I
   Link, K
   Lopez, R
   Louedec, K
   Bahilo, JL
   Lu, L
   Lucero, A
   Ludwig, M
   Malacari, M
   Maldera, S
   Mallamaci, M
   Maller, J
   Mandat, D
   Mantsch, P
   Mariazzi, AG
   Marin, V
   Maris, IC
   Marsella, G
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   Martin, L
   Martinez, H
   Bravo, OM
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   Meza, JJM
   Mathes, HJ
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   Pierog, T
   Pieroni, P
   Pimenta, M
   Pirronello, V
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   Plum, M
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   Porowski, C
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   Purrello, V
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   Quinn, S
   Rautenberg, J
   Ravel, O
   Ravignani, D
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   Riggi, S
   Risse, M
   Ristori, P
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   Rojo, JR
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   Rogozin, D
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   Saftoiu, A
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   Sanchez-Lucas, P
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   Santos, EM
   Sarazin, F
   Sarkar, B
   Sarmento, R
   Sato, R
   Scharf, N
   Scherini, V
   Schieler, H
   Schiffer, P
   Schmidt, D
   Scholten, O
   Schoorlemmer, H
   Schovanek, P
   Schroder, FG
   Schulz, A
   Schulz, J
   Schumacher, J
   Sciutto, SJ
   Segreto, A
   Settimo, M
   Shadkam, A
   Shellard, RC
   Sidelnik, I
   Sigl, G
   Sima, O
   Smialkowski, A
   Smida, R
   Snow, GR
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   Sorokin, J
   Squartini, R
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   Stanic, S
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   van den Berg, AM
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   Varela, E
   Cardenas, BV
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   Vazquez, RA
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   Vlcek, B
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   Wundheiler, B
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   Yamamoto, T
   Yapici, T
   Yuan, G
   Yushkov, A
   Zamorano, B
   Zas, E
   Zavrtanik, D
   Zavrtanik, M
   Zepeda, A
   Zhou, J
   Zhu, Y
   Silva, MZ
   Ziolkowski, M
   Zuccarello, F
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   Cordier, A.
   Coutu, S.
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   Cronin, J.
   Curutiu, A.
   Dallier, R.
   Daniel, B.
   Dasso, S.
   Daumiller, K.
   Dawson, B. R.
   de Almeida, R. M.
   De Domenico, M.
   de Jong, S. J.
   de Mello Neto, J. R. T.
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   de Oliveira, J.
   de Souza, V.
   del Peral, L.
   Deligny, O.
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   Dhital, N.
   Di Giulio, C.
   Di Matteo, A.
   Diaz, J. C.
   Diaz Castro, M. L.
   Diogo, F.
   Dobrigkeit, C.
   Docters, W.
   D'Olivo, J. C.
   Dorofeev, A.
   Hasankiadeh, Q. Dorosti
   Dova, M. T.
   Ebr, J.
   Engel, R.
   Erdmann, M.
   Erfani, M.
   Escobar, C. O.
   Espadanal, J.
   Etchegoyen, A.
   Luis, P. Facal San
   Falcke, H.
   Fang, K.
   Farrar, G.
   Fauth, A. C.
   Fazzini, N.
   Ferguson, A. P.
   Fernandes, M.
   Fick, B.
   Figueira, J. M.
   Filevich, A.
   Filipcic, A.
   Fox, B. D.
   Fratu, O.
   Freire, M. M.
   Froehlich, U.
   Fuchs, B.
   Fujii, T.
   Gaior, R.
   Garcia, B.
   Garcia-Gamez, D.
   Garcia-Pinto, D.
   Garilli, G.
   Bravo, A. Gascon
   Gate, F.
   Gemmeke, H.
   Ghia, P. L.
   Giaccari, U.
   Giammarchi, M.
   Giller, M.
   Glaser, C.
   Glass, H.
   Berisso, M. Gomez
   Vitale, P. F. Gomez
   Goncalves, P.
   Gonzalez, J. G.
   Gonzalez, N.
   Gookin, B.
   Gordon, J.
   Gorgi, A.
   Gorham, P.
   Gouffon, P.
   Grebe, S.
   Griffith, N.
   Grillo, A. F.
   Grubb, T. D.
   Guarino, F.
   Guedes, G. P.
   Hampel, M. R.
   Hansen, P.
   Harari, D.
   Harrison, T. A.
   Hartmann, S.
   Harton, J. L.
   Haungs, A.
   Hebbeker, T.
   Heck, D.
   Heimann, P.
   Herve, A. E.
   Hill, G. C.
   Hojvat, C.
   Hollon, N.
   Holt, E.
   Homola, P.
   Hoerandel, J. R.
   Horvath, P.
   Hrabovsky, M.
   Huber, D.
   Huege, T.
   Insolia, A.
   Isar, P. G.
   Jandt, I.
   Jansen, S.
   Jarne, C.
   Josebachuili, M.
   Kaeaepae, A.
   Kambeitz, O.
   Kampert, K. H.
   Kasper, P.
   Katkov, I.
   Kegl, B.
   Keilhauer, B.
   Keivani, A.
   Kemp, E.
   Kieckhafer, R. M.
   Klages, H. O.
   Kleifges, M.
   Kleinfeller, J.
   Krause, R.
   Krohm, N.
   Kroemer, O.
   Kruppke-Hansen, D.
   Kuempel, D.
   Kunka, N.
   LaHurd, D.
   Latronico, L.
   Lauer, R.
   Lauscher, M.
   Lautridou, P.
   Le Coz, S.
   Leao, M. S. A. B.
   Lebrun, D.
   Lebrun, P.
   Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.
   Letessier-Selvon, A.
   Lhenry-Yvon, I.
   Link, K.
   Lopez, R.
   Louedec, K.
   Bahilo, J. Lozano
   Lu, L.
   Lucero, A.
   Ludwig, M.
   Malacari, M.
   Maldera, S.
   Mallamaci, M.
   Maller, J.
   Mandat, D.
   Mantsch, P.
   Mariazzi, A. G.
   Marin, V.
   Maris, I. C.
   Marsella, G.
   Martello, D.
   Martin, L.
   Martinez, H.
   Martinez Bravo, O.
   Martraire, D.
   Meza, J. J. Masias
   Mathes, H. J.
   Mathys, S.
   Matthews, J.
   Matthews, J. A. J.
   Matthiae, G.
   Maurel, D.
   Maurizio, D.
   Mayotte, E.
   Mazur, P. O.
   Medina, C.
   Medina-Tanco, G.
   Meissner, R.
   Melissas, M.
   Melo, D.
   Menshikov, A.
   Messina, S.
   Meyhandan, R.
   Micanovic, S.
   Micheletti, M. I.
   Middendorf, L.
   Minaya, I. A.
   Miramonti, L.
   Mitrica, B.
   Molina-Bueno, L.
   Mollerach, S.
   Monasor, M.
   Ragaigne, D. Monnier
   Montanet, F.
   Morello, C.
   Mostafa, M.
   Moura, C. A.
   Muller, M. A.
   Mueller, G.
   Mueller, S.
   Muenchmeyer, M.
   Mussa, R.
   Navarra, G.
   Navas, S.
   Necesal, P.
   Nellen, L.
   Nelles, A.
   Neuser, J.
   Nguyen, P. H.
   Niechciol, M.
   Niemietz, L.
   Niggemann, T.
   Nitz, D.
   Nosek, D.
   Novotny, V.
   Nozka, L.
   Ochilo, L.
   Oikonomou, F.
   Olinto, A.
   Oliveira, M.
   Pacheco, N.
   Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk
   Palatka, M.
   Pallotta, J.
   Palmieri, N.
   Papenbreer, P.
   Parente, G.
   Parra, A.
   Paul, T.
   Pech, M.
   Pekala, J.
   Pelayo, R.
   Pepe, I. M.
   Perrone, L.
   Petermann, E.
   Peters, C.
   Petrera, S.
   Petrov, Y.
   Phuntsok, J.
   Piegaia, R.
   Pierog, T.
   Pieroni, P.
   Pimenta, M.
   Pirronello, V.
   Platino, M.
   Plum, M.
   Porcelli, A.
   Porowski, C.
   Prado, R. R.
   Privitera, P.
   Prouza, M.
   Purrello, V.
   Quel, E. J.
   Querchfeld, S.
   Quinn, S.
   Rautenberg, J.
   Ravel, O.
   Ravignani, D.
   Revenu, B.
   Ridky, J.
   Riggi, S.
   Risse, M.
   Ristori, P.
   Rizi, V.
   Rodrigues de Carvalho, W.
   Fernandez, G. Rodriguez
   Rojo, J. Rodriguez
   Rodriguez-Frias, M. D.
   Rogozin, D.
   Ros, G.
   Rosado, J.
   Rossler, T.
   Roth, M.
   Roulet, E.
   Rovero, A. C.
   Saffi, S. J.
   Saftoiu, A.
   Salamida, F.
   Salazar, H.
   Saleh, A.
   Greus, F. Salesa
   Salina, G.
   Sanchez, F.
   Sanchez-Lucas, P.
   Santo, C. E.
   Santos, E.
   Santos, E. M.
   Sarazin, F.
   Sarkar, B.
   Sarmento, R.
   Sato, R.
   Scharf, N.
   Scherini, V.
   Schieler, H.
   Schiffer, P.
   Schmidt, D.
   Scholten, O.
   Schoorlemmer, H.
   Schovanek, P.
   Schroeder, F. G.
   Schulz, A.
   Schulz, J.
   Schumacher, J.
   Sciutto, S. J.
   Segreto, A.
   Settimo, M.
   Shadkam, A.
   Shellard, R. C.
   Sidelnik, I.
   Sigl, G.
   Sima, O.
   Smialkowski, A.
   Smida, R.
   Snow, G. R.
   Sommers, P.
   Sorokin, J.
   Squartini, R.
   Srivastava, Y. N.
   Stanic, S.
   Stapleton, J.
   Stasielak, J.
   Stephan, M.
   Stutz, A.
   Suarez, F.
   Suomijaervi, T.
   Supanitsky, A. D.
   Sutherland, M. S.
   Swain, J.
   Szadkowski, Z.
   Szuba, M.
   Taborda, O. A.
   Tapia, A.
   Tepe, A.
   Theodoro, V. M.
   Timmermans, C.
   Peixoto, C. J. Todero
   Toma, G.
   Tomankova, L.
   Tome, B.
   Tonachini, A.
   Elipe, G. Torralba
   Machado, D. Torres
   Travnicek, P.
   Trovato, E.
   Ulrich, R.
   Unger, M.
   Urban, M.
   Galicia, J. F. Valdes
   Valino, I.
   Valore, L.
   van Aar, G.
   van Bodegom, P.
   van den Berg, A. M.
   van Velzen, S.
   van Vliet, A.
   Varela, E.
   Cardenas, B. Vargas
   Varner, G.
   Vazquez, J. R.
   Vazquez, R. A.
   Veberic, D.
   Verzi, V.
   Vicha, J.
   Videla, M.
   Nor, L. Villase
   Vlcek, B.
   Vorobiov, S.
   Wahlberg, H.
   Wainberg, O.
   Walz, D.
   Watson, A. A.
   Weber, M.
   Weidenhaupt, K.
   Weindl, A.
   Werner, F.
   Widom, A.
   Wiencke, L.
   Wilczynska, B.
   Wilczynski, H.
   Williams, C.
   Winchen, T.
   Wittkowski, D.
   Wundheiler, B.
   Wykes, S.
   Yamamoto, T.
   Yapici, T.
   Yuan, G.
   Yushkov, A.
   Zamorano, B.
   Zas, E.
   Zavrtanik, D.
   Zavrtanik, M.
   Zepeda, A.
   Zhou, J.
   Zhu, Y.
   Silva, M. Zimbres
   Ziolkowski, M.
   Zuccarello, F.
CA Pierre Auger Collaboration
TI SEARCHES FOR ANISOTROPIES IN THE ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF THE HIGHEST
   ENERGY COSMIC RAYS DETECTED BY THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE acceleration of particles; astroparticle physics
ID SURFACE DETECTOR; UPPER LIMIT; SKY; SPECTRUM; CATALOG; ARRAY; NUCLEI;
   FIELD
AB We analyze the distribution of arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory in 10 years of operation. The data set, about three times larger than that used in earlier studies, includes arrival directions with zenith angles up to 80 degrees, thus covering from -90 degrees to +45 degrees in declination. After updating the fraction of events correlating with the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the Veron-Cetty and Veron catalog, we subject the arrival directions of the data with energies in excess of 40 EeV to different tests for anisotropy. We search for localized excess fluxes, self-clustering of event directions at angular scales up to 30 degrees, and different threshold energies between 40 and 80 EeV. We then look for correlations of cosmic rays with celestial structures both in the Galaxy (the Galactic Center and Galactic Plane) and in the local universe (the Super-Galactic Plane). We also examine their correlation with different populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2MRS catalog, AGNs detected by Swift-BAT, radio galaxies with jets, and the Centaurus A (Cen A) galaxy. None of the tests show statistically significant evidence of anisotropy. The strongest departures from isotropy (post-trial probability similar to 1.4%) are obtained for cosmic rays with E > 58 EeV in rather large windows around Swift AGNs closer than 130 Mpc and brighter than 10(44) erg s(-1) (18 degrees radius), and around the direction of Cen A (15 degrees radius).
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RP Aab, A (reprint author), Univ Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany.
RI Chinellato, Jose Augusto/I-7972-2012; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit
   /F-2540-2011; Arqueros, Fernando/K-9460-2014; Goncalves, Patricia
   /D-8229-2013; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/K-5313-2016; Tome,
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   Rogerio/L-4584-2016; Fauth, Anderson/F-9570-2012; De Domenico,
   Manlio/B-5826-2014; Parente, Gonzalo/G-8264-2015; Horvath,
   Pavel/G-6334-2014; dos Santos, Eva/N-6351-2013; Alvarez-Muniz,
   Jaime/H-1857-2015; de souza, Vitor/D-1381-2012; Rosado,
   Jaime/K-9109-2014; Badescu, Alina/B-6087-2012; Valino, Ines/J-8324-2012;
   Torralba Elipe, Guillermo/A-9524-2015; Carvalho Jr.,
   Washington/H-9855-2015; Caramete, Laurentiu/C-2328-2011; Ridky,
   Jan/H-6184-2014; Pimenta, Mario/M-1741-2013; Zuccarello,
   Francesca/R-1834-2016; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Rodriguez Frias,
   Maria /A-7608-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017;
   Mitrica, Bogdan/D-5201-2009; Alves Batista, Rafael/K-6642-2012;
   Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo/C-1432-2014; Nosek, Dalibor/F-1129-2017;
   Lozano Bahilo, Julio/F-4881-2016; Todero Peixoto, Carlos
   Jose/G-3873-2012; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016;
   Abreu, Pedro/L-2220-2014; Assis, Pedro/D-9062-2013; Navas,
   Sergio/N-4649-2014; Cazon, Lorenzo/G-6921-2014; Conceicao,
   Ruben/L-2971-2014; Bueno, Antonio/F-3875-2015; Beatty,
   James/D-9310-2011; Guarino, Fausto/I-3166-2012; Colalillo,
   Roberta/R-5088-2016; Buscemi, Mario/R-5071-2016; Garcia Pinto,
   Diego/J-6724-2014; Espadanal, Joao/I-6618-2015; Vazquez, Jose
   Ramon/K-2272-2015; Martello, Daniele/J-3131-2012; Sima,
   Octavian/C-3565-2011; Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015; Ros,
   German/L-4764-2014; van den Berg, Adriaan/P-6792-2015; de Mello Neto,
   Joao/C-5822-2013; Pech, Miroslav/G-5760-2014; Brogueira,
   Pedro/K-3868-2012; zas, enrique/I-5556-2015
OI Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Chinellato, Carola
   Dobrigkeit /0000-0002-1236-0789; Arqueros, Fernando/0000-0002-4930-9282;
   Goncalves, Patricia /0000-0003-2042-3759; Moura Santos,
   Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813; Tome, Bernardo/0000-0002-7564-8392;
   Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; de Almeida,
   Rogerio/0000-0003-3104-2724; Fauth, Anderson/0000-0001-7239-0288; De
   Domenico, Manlio/0000-0001-5158-8594; Parente,
   Gonzalo/0000-0003-2847-0461; Horvath, Pavel/0000-0002-6710-5339; dos
   Santos, Eva/0000-0002-0474-8863; Alvarez-Muniz,
   Jaime/0000-0002-2367-0803; Rosado, Jaime/0000-0001-8208-9480; Valino,
   Ines/0000-0001-7823-0154; Torralba Elipe, Guillermo/0000-0001-8738-194X;
   Carvalho Jr., Washington/0000-0002-2328-7628; Del Peral,
   Luis/0000-0003-2580-5668; Coutu, Stephane/0000-0003-2923-2246; Ulrich,
   Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Novotny, Vladimir/0000-0002-4319-4541; Garcia,
   Beatriz/0000-0003-0919-2734; Dembinski, Hans/0000-0003-3337-3850;
   Salamida, Francesco/0000-0002-9306-8447; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393;
   Ravignani, Diego/0000-0001-7410-8522; Segreto,
   Alberto/0000-0001-7341-6603; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718;
   Aglietta, Marco/0000-0001-8354-5388; Petrera,
   Sergio/0000-0002-6029-1255; Bonino, Raffaella/0000-0002-4264-1215; Rizi,
   Vincenzo/0000-0002-5277-6527; Castellina, Antonella/0000-0002-0045-2467;
   maldera, simone/0000-0002-0698-4421; Matthews,
   James/0000-0002-1832-4420; Yuan, Guofeng/0000-0002-1907-8815; Pimenta,
   Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367;
   Marsella, Giovanni/0000-0002-3152-8874; Aramo,
   Carla/0000-0002-8412-3846; Zuccarello, Francesca/0000-0003-1853-2550;
   Rodriguez Frias, Maria /0000-0002-2550-4462; Alves Batista,
   Rafael/0000-0003-2656-064X; Rodriguez Fernandez,
   Gonzalo/0000-0002-4683-230X; Nosek, Dalibor/0000-0001-6219-200X; Sigl,
   Guenter/0000-0002-4396-645X; Lozano Bahilo, Julio/0000-0003-0613-140X;
   Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/0000-0003-3669-8212; Abreu,
   Pedro/0000-0002-9973-7314; Assis, Pedro/0000-0001-7765-3606; Navas,
   Sergio/0000-0003-1688-5758; Cazon, Lorenzo/0000-0001-6748-8395;
   Conceicao, Ruben/0000-0003-4945-5340; Bueno,
   Antonio/0000-0002-7439-4247; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Guarino,
   Fausto/0000-0003-1427-9885; Colalillo, Roberta/0000-0002-4179-9352;
   Buscemi, Mario/0000-0003-2123-5434; Garcia Pinto,
   Diego/0000-0003-1348-6735; Espadanal, Joao/0000-0002-1301-8061; Vazquez,
   Jose Ramon/0000-0001-9217-5219; Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910;
   Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; Ros, German/0000-0001-6623-1483;
   de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634; Brogueira,
   Pedro/0000-0001-6069-4073; zas, enrique/0000-0002-4430-8117
FU Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica; Fundacion Antorchas; Gobierno de
   la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargue; NDM Holdings,
   Argentina; Valle Las Lenas, Argentina; Australian Research Council;
   Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq),
   Brazil; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Brazil; Fundacao de
   Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil; Sao
   Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil [2012/51015-5, 2010/07359-6,
   1999/05404-3]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; Czech
   Science Foundation, Czech Republic [14-17501 S]; Centre de Calcul
   IN2P3/CNRS, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS),
   France; Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, France; Departement Physique
   Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), France; Departement
   Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Institut Lagrange de
   Paris (ILP), within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant, France
   [LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02]; Bundesministerium fur
   Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
   (DFG), Germany; Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany;
   Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Germany;
   Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen,
   Germany; Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst,
   Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
   (INFN), Italy; Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della
   Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics
   (CFA), Italy; CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy; Consejo Nacional de
   Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs,
   Cultuur en Wetenschap, Netherlands; Nederlandse Organisatie voor
   Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Stichting voor
   Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; National Centre
   for Research and Development, Poland [ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11,
   ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11]; National Science Centre, Poland
   [2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/08/M/ST9/00728, HARMONIA
   5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062]; Portuguese national funds, Portugalwithin
   Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a
   Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Portugal; FEDER funds within Programa
   Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia
   e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Portugal; Romanian Authority for Scientific
   Research ANCS, Romania; CNDI-UEFISCDI partnership projects, Romania
   [20/2012, 194/2012]; Minister of National Education, Romania; Programme
   Space Technology and Advanced Research (STAR), Romania [83/2013];
   Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; FEDER
   funds, Spain; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Xunta de Galicia,
   Spain; European Community 7th Framework Program, Spain
   [FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826]; Science and Technology Facilities Council,
   United Kingdom; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359,
   DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, DE-SC0011689]; National Science
   Foundation [0450696]; Grainger Foundation, USA; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; Marie
   Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network;
   European Union 7th Framework Program [PIRSES-2009-GA-246806]; UNESCO; 
   [MSMT-CR LG13007];  [7AMB14AR005];  [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058]; 
   [1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET];  [PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17]; 
   [PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062]
FX The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre
   Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong
   commitment and effort of the technical and administrative staff in
   Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and
   organizations for their financial support: Comision Nacional de Energia
   Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza,
   Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in
   gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina;
   the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
   Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
   (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro
   (FAPERJ), Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No.
   2012/51015-5, 2010/07359-6, and No. 1999/05404-3, Ministerio de Cincia e
   Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; Grant No. MSMT-CR LG13007, No. 7AMB14AR005,
   No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0058, and the Czech Science Foundation Grant No.
   14-17501 S, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National
   de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France,
   Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS),
   Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), Institut Lagrange de
   Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, within the Investissements
   d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, France;
   Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg,
   Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium
   fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein Westfalen, Ministerium fur
   Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto
   Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione,
   dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Gran Sasso Center for
   Astroparticle Physics (CFA), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy;
   Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie
   van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor
   Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek
   der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; National Centre for Research and
   Development, Grants No. ERA-NET-ASPERA/01/11 and No.
   ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11, National Science Centre, Grants No.
   2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00728, and No. HARMONIA
   5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds
   within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao
   para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Portugal; Romanian Authority
   for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI partnership projects Grants
   No. 20/2012 and No. 194/2012, Grants No. 1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET, No.
   PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, and No. PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062, the
   Minister of National Education, Programme Space Technology and Advanced
   Research (STAR), Grant No. 83/2013, Romania; Slovenian Research Agency,
   Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Educacion y
   Ciencia, Xunta de Galicia, European Community 7th Framework Program,
   Grant No. FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826, Spain; Science and Technology
   Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contracts No.
   DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107, and No.
   DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The
   Grainger Foundation, USA; NAFOSTED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET,
   European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th
   Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO.
NR 40
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 804
IS 1
AR 15
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/15
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CH7BB
UT WOS:000354189500015
ER

PT J
AU Barman, TS
   Konopacky, QM
   Macintosh, B
   Marois, C
AF Barman, Travis S.
   Konopacky, Quinn M.
   Macintosh, Bruce
   Marois, Christian
TI SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF WATER, METHANE, AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE
   ATMOSPHERE OF EXOPLANET HR 8799 b
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE brown dwarfs; planetary systems; stars: atmospheres; stars: low-mass
ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; GEMINI PLANET IMAGER; BROWN DWARFS; FIELD
   SPECTROGRAPH; GIANT PLANETS; 1ST LIGHT; LINE LIST; MU-M; SYSTEM; JUPITER
AB Absorption lines from water, methane, and carbon monoxide are detected in the atmosphere of exoplanet HR 8799 b. A medium-resolution spectrum presented here shows well-resolved and easily identified spectral features from all three molecules across the K band. The majority of the lines are produced by CO and H2O, but several lines clearly belong to CH4. Comparisons between these data and atmosphere models covering a range of temperatures and gravities yield log mole fractions of H2O between -3.09 and -3.91, CO between -3.30 and -3.72, and CH4 between -5.06 and -5.85. More precise mole fractions are obtained for each temperature and gravity studied. A reanalysis of H-band data, previously obtained at a similar spectral resolution, results in a nearly identical water abundance as determined from the K-band spectrum. The methane abundance is shown to be sensitive to vertical mixing and indicates an eddy diffusion coefficient in the range of 10(6)-10(8) cm(2) s(-1), comparable to mixing in the deep troposphere of Jupiter. The model comparisons also indicate a carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) between similar to 0.58 and 0.7, encompassing previous estimates for a second planet in the same system, HR 8799 c. Super-stellar C/O could indicate planet formation by core-accretion;. however, the range of possible C/O for these planets (and the star) is currently too large to comment strongly on planet formation. More precise values of the bulk properties (e.g., effective temperature and surface gravity) are needed for improved abundance estimates.
C1 [Barman, Travis S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Konopacky, Quinn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   [Konopacky, Quinn M.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada.
   [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Marois, Christian] NRC Herzberg Astron & Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada.
RP Barman, TS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
EM barman@lpl.arizona.edu
FU W. M. Keck Foundation; NSF; NASA; University of Arizona; JPL/NexSci RSA
   awards
FX We thank the referee, Thayne Currie, for useful comments and a careful
   review of this paper. We also thank Sergei Yurchenko and the ExoMol
   group for providing a copy of their methane line list in advance of
   publication. We also thank Peter Hauschildt, Isabelle Baraffe, Gilles
   Chabrier, and Mark Marley for fruitful discussions during the course of
   this work. The data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck
   Observatory, operated as a scientific partnership among the California
   Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National
   Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible
   by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The
   authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural
   role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within
   the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the
   opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Most of the
   numerical work was carried out at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing
   facilities. This research was support by the NSF and NASA grants to LLNL
   and the University of Arizona. This research was also support by
   JPL/NexSci RSA awards. We thank all of these institutions for their
   support.
NR 39
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 804
IS 1
AR 61
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/61
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CH7BB
UT WOS:000354189500061
ER

PT J
AU Younes, G
   Kouveliotou, C
   Grefenstette, BW
   Tomsick, JA
   Tennant, A
   Finger, MH
   Furst, F
   Pottschmidt, K
   Bhalerao, V
   Boggs, SE
   Boirin, L
   Chakrabarty, D
   Christensen, FE
   Craig, WW
   Degenaar, N
   Fabian, AC
   Gandhi, P
   Gogus, E
   Hailey, CJ
   Harrison, FA
   Kennea, JA
   Miller, JM
   Stern, D
   Zhang, WW
AF Younes, G.
   Kouveliotou, C.
   Grefenstette, B. W.
   Tomsick, J. A.
   Tennant, A.
   Finger, M. H.
   Fuerst, F.
   Pottschmidt, K.
   Bhalerao, V.
   Boggs, S. E.
   Boirin, L.
   Chakrabarty, D.
   Christensen, F. E.
   Craig, W. W.
   Degenaar, N.
   Fabian, A. C.
   Gandhi, P.
   Gogus, E.
   Hailey, C. J.
   Harrison, F. A.
   Kennea, J. A.
   Miller, J. M.
   Stern, D.
   Zhang, W. W.
TI SIMULTANEOUS NuSTAR/CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE BURSTING PULSAR GRO
   J1744-28 DURING ITS THIRD REACTIVATION
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE pulsars: general; stars: individual (GRO J1744-28); X-rays: binaries;
   X-rays: bursts
ID X-RAY PULSARS; SPECTROSCOPIC-TELESCOPE-ARRAY; MAGNETIC NEUTRON-STARS;
   ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ACCRETION DISK CORONA; CYCLOTRON LINE;
   BLACK-HOLE; KVANT OBSERVATIONS; NUSTAR DISCOVERY; TIMING-EXPLORER
AB We report on a 10 ks simultaneous Chandra/High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG)-Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the Bursting Pulsar, GRO J1744-28, during its third detected outburst since discovery and after nearly 18 yr of quiescence. The source is detected up to 60 keV with an Eddington persistent flux level. Seven bursts, followed by dips, are seen with Chandra, three of which are also detected with NuSTAR. Timing analysis reveals a slight increase in the persistent emission pulsed fraction with energy (from 10% to 15%) up to 10 keV, above which it remains constant. The 0.5-70 keV spectra of the persistent and dip emission are the same within errors and well described by a blackbody (BB), a power-law (PL) with an exponential rolloff, a 10 keV feature, and a 6.7 keV emission feature, all modified by neutral absorption. Assuming that the BB emission originates in an accretion disk, we estimate its inner (magnetospheric) radius to be about 4 x 10(7) cm, which translates to a surface dipole field B approximate to 9 x 10(10) G. The Chandra/HETG spectrum resolves the 6.7 keV feature into (quasi-)neutral and highly ionized Fe XXV and Fe XXVI emission lines. XSTAR modeling shows these lines to also emanate from a truncated accretion disk. The burst spectra, with a peak flux more than an order of magnitude higher than Eddington, are well fit with a PL with an exponential rolloff and a 10 keV feature, with similar fit values compared to the persistent and dip spectra. The burst spectra lack a thermal component and any Fe features. Anisotropic (beamed) burst emission would explain both the lack of the BB and any Fe components.
C1 [Younes, G.; Finger, M. H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
   [Younes, G.; Kouveliotou, C.; Tennant, A.; Finger, M. H.] NSSTC, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA.
   [Kouveliotou, C.; Tennant, A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA.
   [Grefenstette, B. W.; Fuerst, F.; Harrison, F. A.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   [Tomsick, J. A.; Boggs, S. E.; Craig, W. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Pottschmidt, K.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.
   [Pottschmidt, K.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Pottschmidt, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
   [Bhalerao, V.] Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India.
   [Boirin, L.] Observ Astron, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
   [Chakrabarty, D.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Christensen, F. E.; Miller, J. M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
   [Craig, W. W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Degenaar, N.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Fabian, A. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England.
   [Gandhi, P.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England.
   [Gogus, E.] Sabanci Univ, TR-34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Hailey, C. J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Kennea, J. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   [Stern, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.
   [Zhang, W. W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.
RP Younes, G (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 6767 Old Madison Pike, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA.
RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; 
OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bhalerao, Varun/0000-0002-6112-7609
FU NASA [NNG08FD60C]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration
FX This work was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C and made use
   of data from the NuSTAR mission, a project led by the California
   Institute of Technology, managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and
   funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank
   the NuSTAR Operations, Software, and Calibration teams for support with
   the execution and analysis of these observations. This research has made
   use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS) jointly developed
   by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California
   Institute of Technology (USA).
NR 96
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U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 804
IS 1
AR 43
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/43
PG 16
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CH7BB
UT WOS:000354189500043
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, HC
   Chen, XH
   Bottcher, M
   Guo, F
   Li, H
AF Zhang, Haocheng
   Chen, Xuhui
   Boettcher, Markus
   Guo, Fan
   Li, Hui
TI POLARIZATION SWINGS REVEAL MAGNETIC ENERGY DISSIPATION IN BLAZARS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma-rays: galaxies; radiation
   mechanisms: nonthermal; relativistic processes
ID QUASAR PKS 1510-089; GAMMA-RAY ACTIVITY; 3C 279; MULTIWAVELENGTH
   OBSERVATIONS; RELATIVISTIC JET; INNER JET; RADIO; MODEL; VARIABILITY;
   FLARE
AB The polarization signatures of blazar emissions are known to be highly variable. In addition to small fluctuations of the polarization angle around a mean value, large (greater than or similar to 180 degrees) polarization angle swings are sometimes observed. We suggest that such phenomena can be interpreted as arising from light travel time effects within an underlying axisymmetric emission region. We present the first simultaneous fitting of the multi-wavelength spectrum, variability, and time-dependent polarization features of a correlated optical and gamma-ray flaring event of the prominent blazar 3C279, which was accompanied by a drastic change in its polarization signatures. This unprecedented combination of spectral, variability, and polarization information in a coherent physical model allows us to place stringent constraints on the particle acceleration and magnetic field topology in the relativistic jet of a blazar, strongly favoring a scenario in which magnetic energy dissipation is the primary driver of the flare event.
C1 [Zhang, Haocheng; Boettcher, Markus] Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
   [Zhang, Haocheng; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Chen, Xuhui] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam Golm, Germany.
   [Chen, Xuhui] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
   [Boettcher, Markus] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
RP Zhang, HC (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
EM hz193909@ohio.edu
RI Guo, Fan/H-1723-2013; 
OI Guo, Fan/0000-0003-4315-3755
FU LANL/LDRD program; DoE/Office of Fusion Energy Science through CMSO;
   Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics HAP - Initiative and
   Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association; South African Research
   Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science and Technology;
   National Research Foundation6 of South Africa
FX We thank the anonymous referee for a careful review and very helpful
   suggestions to improve the paper. H.Z., F.G., and H.L. are supported by
   the LANL/LDRD program and by DoE/Office of Fusion Energy Science through
   CMSO. X.C. acknowledges support by the Helmholtz Alliance for
   Astroparticle Physics HAP funded by the Initiative and Networking Fund
   of the Helmholtz Association. M.B. acknowledges support by the South
   African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science
   and Technology and the National Research Foundation<SUP>6</SUP> of South
   Africa. Simulations were conducted on LANL's Institutional Computing
   machines.
NR 37
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U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-637X
EI 1538-4357
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 804
IS 1
AR 58
DI 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/58
PG 11
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CH7BB
UT WOS:000354189500058
ER

PT J
AU Audi, G
   Blaum, K
   Block, M
   Bollen, G
   Goriely, S
   Hardy, JC
   Herfurth, F
   Kondev, FG
   Kluge, HJ
   Lunney, D
   Pearson, JM
   Savard, G
   Sharma, KS
   Wang, M
   Zhang, YH
AF Audi, G.
   Blaum, K.
   Block, M.
   Bollen, G.
   Goriely, S.
   Hardy, J. D.
   Herfurth, F.
   Kondev, F. G.
   Kluge, H. -J.
   Lunney, D.
   Pearson, J. M.
   Savard, G.
   Sharma, K. S.
   Wang, M.
   Zhang, Y. H.
TI Comment on "Atomic mass compilation 2012" by B. Pfeiffer, K.
   Venkataramaniah, U. Czok, C. Scheidenberger
SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE Atomic masses; Data evaluation; Nuclear data; Correlations;
   Least-squares method
ID ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES; INPUT DATA; REFERENCES; GRAPHS; TABLES
AB In order to avoid errors and confusion that may arise from the recent publication of a paper entitled "Atomic Mass Compilation 2012", we explain the important difference between a compilation and an evaluation; the former is a necessary but insufficient condition for the latter. The simple list of averaged mass values offered by the "Atomic Mass Compilation" uses none of the numerous links and correlations present in the large body of input data that are carefully maintained within the "Atomic Mass Evaluation". As such, the mere compilation can only produce results of inferior accuracy. Illustrative examples are given. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Audi, G.; Lunney, D.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, CSNSM, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France.
   [Blaum, K.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Block, M.; Herfurth, F.; Kluge, H. -J.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
   [Bollen, G.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Goriely, S.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Inst Astron & Astrophys, CP 226, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
   [Hardy, J. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Kondev, F. G.; Savard, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Kluge, H. -J.] Heidelberg Univ, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Pearson, J. M.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada.
   [Sharma, K. S.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
   [Wang, M.; Zhang, Y. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China.
RP Audi, G (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, CSNSM, IN2P3, Bat 108, F-91405 Orsay, France.
EM amdc.audi@gmail.com
RI Block, Michael/I-2782-2015
OI Block, Michael/0000-0001-9282-8347
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0092-640X
EI 1090-2090
J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA
JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 103
BP 1
EP 3
DI 10.1016/j.adt.2014.05.003
PG 3
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA CI2OF
UT WOS:000354586200001
ER

PT J
AU Kondev, FG
   Dracoulis, GD
   Kibedi, T
AF Kondev, F. G.
   Dracoulis, G. D.
   Kibedi, T.
TI Configurations and hindered decays of K isomers in deformed nuclei with
   A > 100
SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES
LA English
DT Article
DE Deformed nuclei; K isomers; K-forbidden transitions; Reduced hindrances;
   Nuclear data
ID MULTI-QUASI-PARTICLE; HIGH-SPIN STATES; RAY TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES;
   EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; 3-QUASI-PARTICLE ROTATIONAL BANDS; HALF-LIFE
   MEASUREMENTS; RICH HAFNIUM NUCLEI; RARE-EARTH NUCLEI; ODD-MASS NUCLEI;
   DATA SHEETS
AB Spectroscopic information on the decay properties of high-K isomers in deformed and transitional nuclei has been evaluated and collated, Assigned multi-quasiparticle configurations are included. Factors that control the transitions strengths, such as various contributions to K mixing, are outlined. The systematics of K-forbidden transitions for different multipolarities are discussed for selected cases in terms of the hindrances, F-W, and of the reduced hindrance factor per degree of K forbiddenness,f(v), where v = broken vertical bar Delta K-lambda broken vertical bar, Delta K is the K-value difference between the initial and final state and lambda is the transition multipole order. With the improved statistics for El, M1 and E2 transitions, a factorization into the product of the underlying multipolarity-dependent transition strength and a v-dependence, due to K forbiddenness (f(0)), is possible. This suggests a weaker dependence on K forbiddenness than is commonly assumed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Dracoulis, G. D.; Kibedi, T.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM kondev@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Australian Research Council [DP0986725, DP03445844,
   DP140102986]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the Australian Research Council Discovery
   Program grants DP0986725, DP03445844 and DP140102986. The authors are
   thankful to Dr. R.V.F. Janssens and Dr. D.J. Hartley for the critical
   reading of the manuscript, and for many useful comments, and
   suggestions.
NR 534
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 4
U2 10
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0092-640X
EI 1090-2090
J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA
JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 103
BP 50
EP 105
DI 10.1016/j.adt.2015.01.001
PG 56
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA CI2OF
UT WOS:000354586200003
ER

PT J
AU Graziani, F
AF Graziani, Frank
TI Special Issue: Part II Preface
SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Graziani, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0863-1042
EI 1521-3986
J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS
JI Contrib. Plasma Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
BP 351
EP 351
PG 1
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CI0FL
UT WOS:000354412000001
ER

PT J
AU Whitley, HD
   Sanchez, DM
   Hamel, S
   Correa, AA
   Benedict, LX
AF Whitley, H. D.
   Sanchez, D. M.
   Hamel, S.
   Correa, A. A.
   Benedict, L. X.
TI Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Warm Dense Carbon
SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems (SCCS)
CY JUN 27-AUG 01, 2014
CL Santa Fe, NM
DE Classical molecular dynamics; density functional molecular dynamics;
   equation of state
ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; LASER-SHOCK COMPRESSION; AUGMENTED-WAVE
   METHOD; EQUATION-OF-STATE; BASIS-SET; DIAMOND; MATTER; SYSTEMS; METALS
AB We present classical and DFT-based molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of carbon in the warm dense matter regime (rho= 3.7 g/cc, 0.86 eV < T < 8.62 eV [T < 100 eV for classical MD]). Two different classical interatomic potentials are used: 1. LCBOP, designed to simulate condensed (e.g. solid) phases of C, and 2. linearly screened Coulomb (Yukawa) potentials. It is shown that LCBOP over-predicts minima and maxima in the pair correlation functions of liquid-C in this regime when compared to the DFT-MD results. The screened Coulomb model, while under-correlating at low-T, seems to produce the correct qualitative features in the static ionic pair distributions at the highest-T. However, both approaches predict the decay in the ionic contribution of the specific heat as T -> infinity to be much slower than that predicted by a model based on DFT-MD. These differences in the MD-derived equations of state in warm dense regimes could have important consequences when using classical inter-ionic forces such as these in large-scale MD simulations aimed at studying, for instance, processes of relevance to inertial confinement fusion when C is used as an ablator material. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
C1 [Whitley, H. D.; Hamel, S.; Correa, A. A.; Benedict, L. X.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Sanchez, D. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
RP Whitley, HD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM heather@llnl.gov
OI Whitley, Heather/0000-0002-2344-8698
FU DOE through a PECASE Award; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence
   Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed
   Research and Development Program at LLNL [12-SI-005]
FX We thank Liam Stanton and Nir Goldman for helpful discussions. H.D.
   Whitley is grateful to the DOE for support provided through a PECASE
   Award. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department
   of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No.
   DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed
   Research and Development Program at LLNL under tracking code No.
   12-SI-005.
NR 45
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 24
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0863-1042
EI 1521-3986
J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS
JI Contrib. Plasma Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
BP 390
EP 398
DI 10.1002/ctpp.201400101
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CI0FL
UT WOS:000354412000007
ER

PT J
AU Whitley, HD
   Alley, WE
   Cabot, WH
   Castor, JI
   Nilsen, J
   DeWitt, HE
AF Whitley, H. D.
   Alley, W. E.
   Cabot, W. H.
   Castor, J. I.
   Nilsen, J.
   DeWitt, H. E.
TI Localization and Screening Enhancement in Asymmetric Binary Ionic
   Mixtures
SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems (SCCS)
CY JUN 27-AUG 01, 2014
CL Santa Fe, NM
DE Equation of state; strongly coupled Coulomb systems; binary ionic
   mixture
ID ONE-COMPONENT-PLASMA; EQUATION-OF-STATE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS;
   MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; NUCLEAR-REACTION RATES; DENSE STELLAR MATTER;
   LORENTZ GAS; PYCNONUCLEAR REACTIONS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; NONANALYTIC
   DENSITY
AB The equation of state of binary ionic mixtures of similar ions, such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon, has been extensively studied. The study of dense asymmetric mixtures, where Z(2) >> Z(1), has primarily focused on mixtures of hydrogen and iron at solar conditions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the behavior of highly asymmetric binary ionic mixtures, where the coupling of the high-Z species may be orders of magnitude higher than the coupling of the low-Z species. For the conditions we have studied, we find that strong correlations and signatures of solidification occur in the high-Z species, while the low-Z species exists as a freely flowing fluid within the high-Z solid matrix. Solidification of the low-Z species is correlated with the coupling between the two components. Using the Widom expansion method, we compute the plasma screening enhancement of the nuclear reaction rates for Z = 1 in a high-Z matrix. We also provide some estimates of the coefficient of binary diffusion in the mixture. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
C1 [Whitley, H. D.; Alley, W. E.; Cabot, W. H.; Castor, J. I.; Nilsen, J.; DeWitt, H. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Whitley, HD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM heather@llnl.gov
OI Whitley, Heather/0000-0002-2344-8698
FU DOE through a PECASE Award; Laboratory Directed Research and Development
   Program at LLNL [12-SI-005]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence
   Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX We thank Abraham Szoke, Robert Rudd, Jeff Greenough, Jon Belof, Jonathan
   DuBois, Tomorr Haxhimali, Michael Murillo, Liam Stanton, Frank Graziani,
   and Kim Molvig for helpful discussions. We are grateful to Jerome
   Daligault for enabling early work on this project by providing his MD
   code to H.E. DeWitt. H.D. Whitley is grateful to the DOE for support
   provided through a PECASE Award. This study was enabled by enhancements
   to the ddcMD code developed as part of the Cimarron Project, which was
   funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at
   LLNL under tracking code No. 12-SI-005. This work was performed under
   the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore
   National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 71
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 6
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0863-1042
EI 1521-3986
J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS
JI Contrib. Plasma Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
BP 413
EP 420
DI 10.1002/ctpp.201400106
PG 8
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CI0FL
UT WOS:000354412000010
ER

PT J
AU Godinho, JRA
   Stack, AG
AF Godinho, Jose R. A.
   Stack, Andrew G.
TI Growth Kinetics and Morphology of Barite Crystals Derived from
   Face-Specific Growth Rates
SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-SCALE; SURFACE-PROPERTIES;
   DISSOLUTION RATES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER INTERFACE; CALCITE GROWTH;
   SOLID-SOLUTION; WASTE-WATER; STEP-GROWTH
AB We investigate the growth kinetics and morphology of barite (BaSO4) crystals by measuring the growth rates of the (001), (210), (010), and (100) surfaces using vertical scanning interferometry. Solutions with saturation indices 1.1, 2.1, and 3.0 without additional electrolyte, in 0.7 M NaCl, or in 1.3 mM SrCl2 are investigated. Face-specific growth rates are inhibited in the SrCl2 solution relative to a solution without electrolyte, except for (100). Contrarily, growth of all faces is promoted in the NaCl solution. The variation of face-specific rates is solution-specific, which leads to a. change of the crystal morphology and overall growth rate of crystals. The measured face-specific growth rates are used to model the growth of single crystals. Modeled crystals have a morphology and size similar to those grown from solution. Based on the model the time dependence of surface area and growth rates is analyzed. Growth rates change with time due to surface area normalization for small crystals and large growth intervals. By extrapolating rates to crystals with large surfaces areas, time-independent growth rates are 0.783, 2.96, and 0.513 mmol.m(-2).h(-1), for saturation index 2.1 solutions without additional electrolyte, NaCl, and SrCl2, respectively.
C1 [Godinho, Jose R. A.; Stack, Andrew G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Godinho, JRA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS 6110, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM godinhojra@ornl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences,
   Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
   Biosciences Division. We acknowledge Jun Qu for access to the VSI
   instrument.
NR 59
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 7
U2 40
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1528-7483
EI 1528-7505
J9 CRYST GROWTH DES
JI Cryst. Growth Des.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 2064
EP 2071
DI 10.1021/cg501507p
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science
GA CH9EK
UT WOS:000354338600004
ER

PT J
AU Buja, F
   Kokorian, J
   Sumant, AV
   van Spengen, WM
AF Buja, Federico
   Kokorian, Jaap
   Sumant, Anirudha V.
   van Spengen, W. Merlijn
TI Studies on measuring surface adhesion between sidewalls in boron doped
   ultrananocrystalline diamond based microelectromechanical devices
SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ultrananocrystalline; Diamond; MEMS; Adhesion; Sidewalls
ID THIN-FILMS; MEMS; MEMS/NEMS; NANOTRIBOLOGY; COATINGS; HYDROGEN; CONTACT;
   FORCE; NANO
AB In this study, we have investigated the adhesion phenomena between two sidewalls in boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (B-UNCD) micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) in a humid and dry environment. We have developed and built B-UNCD MEMS test devices, in order to assess the tribological properties of diamond micro devices in-situ. Using these devices, we have been able to measure the adhesion force with approximately 15 nN resolution, by monitoring the displacement optically with a precision of 4 nm. In the case of testing in a dry atmosphere, virtually no adhesion (<18 nN) was observed between the sidewalls. After testing in humid air over 55,000 cycles, increased adhesion force up to 128 nN was measured. A rare observation of capillary neck formation between sidewalls at high contact force, in humid air is observed which is most probably caused by the precipitation of carbon contamination. This contamination layer can be easily removed by oxygen plasma exposure but thereafter highest adhesion force of 260 nN adhesive force was measured. Our studies demonstrate that micromechanical devices fabricated based on diamond represent a great alternative over polysilicon based devices in terms of reduced adhesion and thus long term reliability, which is a significant step forward in developing diamond based MEMS. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Buja, Federico; Kokorian, Jaap; van Spengen, W. Merlijn] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands.
   [Sumant, Anirudha V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [van Spengen, W. Merlijn] Falco Syst, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP Buja, F (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands.
EM f.buja@tudelft.nl
RI Kokorian, Jaap/G-4625-2015
OI Kokorian, Jaap/0000-0001-9147-5869
FU Dutch Funding Agency NWO-STW in the 'vidi' program [10771]; U. S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was sponsored by the Dutch Funding Agency NWO-STW in the
   'vidi' program under Ref No. 10771. Use of the Center for Nanoscale
   Materials was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 43
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-9635
EI 1879-0062
J9 DIAM RELAT MATER
JI Diam. Relat. Mat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
BP 22
EP 31
DI 10.1016/j.diamond.2015.02.008
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA CI2OA
UT WOS:000354585700004
ER

PT J
AU Choi, TA
   Endsley, AN
   Bunin, DI
   Colas, C
   An, DD
   Morales-Rivera, JA
   Villalobos, JA
   Shinn, WM
   Dabbs, JE
   Chang, PY
   Abergel, RJ
AF Choi, Taylor A.
   Endsley, Aaron N.
   Bunin, Deborah I.
   Colas, Christophe
   An, Dahlia D.
   Morales-Rivera, Joel A.
   Villalobos, Jonathan A.
   Shinn, Walter M.
   Dabbs, Jack E.
   Chang, Polly Y.
   Abergel, Rebecca J.
TI Biodistribution of the Multidentate Hydroxypyridinonate Ligand
   [C-14]-3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO), a Potent Actinide Decorporation Agent
SO DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE 3; 4; 3-LI(1; 2-HOPO); actinide decorporation; biodistribution;
   pharmacokinetics; metabolite
ID EFFICACY; CHELATORS; 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO); PERMEABILITY; SOLUBILITY
AB The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the C-14-labeled actinide decorporation agent 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) were investigated in young adult Swiss Webster mice and Sprague Dawley rats, after intravenous, intraperitoneal, and oral dose administration. In all routes investigated, the radiolabeled compound was rapidly distributed to various tissues and organs of the body. In mice, the 24 h fecal elimination profiles suggested that the biliary route is the predominant route of elimination. In contrast, lower fecal excretion levels were observed in rats. Tissue uptake and retention of the compound did not differ significantly between sexes although some differences were observed in the excretion patterns over time. The male mice eliminated a greater percentage of C-14 through the renal pathway than the female mice after receiving an intravenous or intraperitoneal dose, while the opposite trend was seen in rats that received an intravenous dose. Metabolite profiling performed on selected rat samples demonstrated that a putative major metabolite of [C-14]-3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) is formed, accounting for approximately 10% of an administered oral dose. Finally, to improve its oral bioavailability, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) was coformulated with a proprietary permeability enhancer, leading to a notable increase in oral bioavailability of the compound. Drug Dev Res 73 : 107-122, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C1 [Choi, Taylor A.; An, Dahlia D.; Morales-Rivera, Joel A.; Villalobos, Jonathan A.; Abergel, Rebecca J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Endsley, Aaron N.; Bunin, Deborah I.; Colas, Christophe; Shinn, Walter M.; Dabbs, Jack E.; Chang, Polly Y.] SRI Int, Biosci Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
RP Abergel, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM rjabergel@lbl.gov
FU National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and
   Infectious Diseases Medical Countermeasures Against Radiological Threats
   (MCART) Consortium through the US Department of Energy
   [HHSN272201000046C, DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National
   Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Medical Countermeasures
   Against Radiological Threats (MCART) Consortium (Contract
   #HHSN272201000046C to the University of Maryland School of Medicine),
   through the US Department of Energy under Contract #DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 20
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 3
U2 10
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0272-4391
EI 1098-2299
J9 DRUG DEVELOP RES
JI Drug Dev. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 76
IS 3
BP 107
EP 122
DI 10.1002/ddr.21246
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA CI1YM
UT WOS:000354541100001
PM 25857483
ER

PT J
AU Cullinan, VI
   Matzner, S
   Duberstein, CA
AF Cullinan, Valerie I.
   Matzner, Shari
   Duberstein, Corey A.
TI Classification of birds and bats using flight tracks
SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Birds; Bats; Automated classification; Offshore wind energy; Thermal
   video
ID WINGBEAT FREQUENCY; RADAR; COLLISIONS; CAMERA; SEA
AB Classification of birds and bats that use areas targeted for offshore wind farm development is essential to evaluating the potential effects of development. The current approach to assessing the number and distribution of birds at sea is transect-surveys conducted by trained individuals in boats or planes, or analysis of imagery collected from aerial surveys. These methods can be costly and pose safety concerns so that observation times are limited to daylight hours and fair weather. We propose an alternative method based on analysis of thermal video that could be recorded autonomously. We present a framework for building models to classify birds and bats and their associated behaviors from their flight tracks. As an example, we developed a discriminant model for theoretical flight paths and applied it to data (N = 64 tracks) extracted from 5-minute video clips. The agreement between model- and observer-classified path types was initially only 41%, but it increased to 73% when small-scale jitter was censored and the number of different path types was reduced. Classification of 46 tracks of bats, swallows, gulls, and terns on average was 82% accurate, based on a jackknife cross-validation. Model classification of gulls and swallows (N 18) was on average 73% and 85% correct, respectively. Model classification of bats and terns (N = 4 and 2, respectively) was 94% and 91% correct, respectively; however, the variance associated with the tracks from these targets is poorly estimated. The models developed here should be considered preliminary because they are based on a small data set both in terms of the numbers of species and the identified flight tracks. Future classification models could be improved if the distance between the camera and the target was known. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Cullinan, Valerie I.; Matzner, Shari] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA.
   [Duberstein, Corey A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Cullinan, VI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA.
EM Valerie.cullinan@pnnl.gov; Shari.Matzner@pnnl.gov;
   corey.duberstein@pnnl.gov
FU Wind Power Technology Office within the U.S. Department of Energy-Office
   of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Water Power Technology Office
   within the U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Energy Efficiency and
   Renewable Energy
FX This research was funded by the Wind and Water Power Technologies Office
   within the U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Energy Efficiency and
   Renewable Energy. This funding source is not responsible for the content
   or design of this study.
NR 37
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 12
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1574-9541
EI 1878-0512
J9 ECOL INFORM
JI Ecol. Inform.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 27
BP 55
EP 63
DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.03.004
PG 9
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CI2MK
UT WOS:000354581500007
ER

PT J
AU Chagneau, A
   Tournassat, C
   Steefel, CI
   Bourg, IC
   Gaboreau, S
   Esteve, I
   Kupcik, T
   Claret, F
   Schafer, T
AF Chagneau, Aurelie
   Tournassat, Christophe
   Steefel, Carl I.
   Bourg, Ian C.
   Gaboreau, Stephane
   Esteve, Imene
   Kupcik, Tomas
   Claret, Francis
   Schaefer, Thorsten
TI Complete Restriction of Cl-36(-) Diffusion by Celestite Precipitation in
   Densely Compacted Illite
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ANION-EXCLUSION; MONTMORILLONITE; BENTONITES
AB Industrial companies and public waste management agencies envision clay-rich materials as efficient barriers for large-scale confinement of nuclear waste and subsurface CO2. In clays, small pores hinder water flow and make diffusion the dominant solute-transport mechanism. Most clay mineral structures exhibit a negative charge that is balanced by an electrical double layer at the mineral water interface. This clay mineral property delays cation migration through adsorption processes, decreases the accessible porosity and diffusion fluxes for anions compared to those of water and cations, and gives rise to semipermeable membrane properties. Here we present experimental data that demonstrate for the first time that anions can be completely excluded from the smallest pores within a compacted illitic clay material, an observation that has important implications for the ability to accurately predict the containment capacity of clay-based barriers. In a series of multitracer diffusion experiments, celestite (SrSO4) precipitation reduced the porosity of compacted illite to the point where the water tracer diffusion flux decreased by half, while the chloride diffusion flux decreased to zero. This result demonstrates that anions can be completely excluded from the smallest pores within a compacted clay material.
C1 [Chagneau, Aurelie; Kupcik, Tomas; Schaefer, Thorsten] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Nucl Waste Disposal INE, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
   [Chagneau, Aurelie; Schaefer, Thorsten] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Earth Sci, D-12249 Berlin, Germany.
   [Chagneau, Aurelie; Tournassat, Christophe; Gaboreau, Stephane; Claret, Francis] Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, French Geol Survey, Water Environm & Ecotechnol Div, F-45060 Orleans 2, France.
   [Tournassat, Christophe; Steefel, Carl I.; Bourg, Ian C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bourg, Ian C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn CEE, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Bourg, Ian C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Environm Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Esteve, Imene] Univ Jussieu, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses, UMR CNRS UPMC IRD 7590, F-75252 Paris, France.
RP Tournassat, C (reprint author), Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, SVP D3E, 3 Ave Claude Guillemin, F-45060 Orleans 2, France.
EM c.tournassat@brgm.fr
RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Claret, Francis/A-1232-2010; Schafer,
   Thorsten /A-1258-2010; Tournassat, Christophe/A-1353-2010; Chagneau,
   Aurelie/I-4065-2016
OI Claret, Francis/0000-0002-6203-7795; Schafer, Thorsten
   /0000-0002-7133-8717; Tournassat, Christophe/0000-0003-2379-431X; 
FU European Union [249624]; French ANR SIMISOL project; Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
   Biosciences Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; L'Institut Carnot BRGM
FX The results presented in this article were collected during the
   GL-Transfer Project granted by Andra within the framework of the
   Andra/BRGM scientific partnership. The research conducted at INE leading
   to these results has received co-funding from the European Union's
   European Atomic Energy Community's (Euratom) 7th Framework Programme
   FP7/2007-2011 under Grant no249624 (CATCLAY project), and from the
   French ANR SIMISOL project. This work was supported by the Director,
   Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences,
   Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. C.T. acknowledges funding from
   "L'Institut Carnot BRGM" for his visit to the Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory.
NR 18
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 8
U2 45
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2328-8930
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET
JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 2
IS 5
BP 139
EP 143
DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00080
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CI3OP
UT WOS:000354657400002
ER

PT J
AU Lin, H
   Lu, X
   Liang, LY
   Gu, BH
AF Lin, Hui
   Lu, Xia
   Liang, Liyuan
   Gu, Baohua
TI Cysteine Inhibits Mercury Methylation by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA
   Mutant Delta omcBESTZ
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISSOLVED ELEMENTAL MERCURY; PRINCIPAL METHYLATORS; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA;
   ORGANIC-MATTER; CELL-SURFACE; REDUCTION; OXIDATION; METHYLMERCURY;
   ENVIRONMENTS; COMPLEXES
AB Cysteine enhances Hg uptake and methylation by the Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA wild-type (WT) strain in short-term assays. The prevalence of this enhancement in other strains remains poorly understood. We examined the influence of cysteine concentration on time-dependent Hg(II) reduction, sorption, and methylation by PCA WT and its c-type 2 I cytochrome-deficient mutant (Delta omcBESTZ) in phosphate-buffered saline. Without cysteine, the mutant methylated twice as much Hg(II) as the PCA WT, whereas addition of cysteine inhibited Hg methylation, regardless of the reaction time. PCA WT, however, exhibited both time-dependent and cysteine 100 1000 3 concentration-dependent methylation. In a 144 h assay, nearly complete sorption of the Hg(II) by PCA WT occurred in the presence of 1 mM cysteine, resulting in our highest observed level of methylmercury production. The chemical speciation modeling and experimental data suggest that uncharged Hg(II) species are more readily taken up and that this uptake is kinetically limiting, thereby affecting Hg methylation by both the mutant and WT.
C1 [Lin, Hui; Lu, Xia; Liang, Liyuan; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM gub1@ornl.gov
RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012
OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956
FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, DOE,
   as part of the Mercury Science Focus Area at ORNL; DOE
   [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
FX We thank D. R Lovley and colleagues at the University of Massachusetts
   (Amherst, MA) for kindly providing the Delta omcBESTZ mutant strain and
   Xiangping Yin at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for technical
   assistance in mercury and methylmercury analyses. The <SUP>200</SUP>Hg
   isotope used in this research was supplied by the U.S. Department of
   Energy (DOE) Office of Science, the Isotope Program in the Office of
   Nuclear Physics. This research was sponsored by the Office of Biological
   and Environmental Research, Office of Science, DOE, as part of the
   Mercury Science Focus Area at ORNL, which is managed by UT-Battelle LLC
   for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.
NR 26
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 26
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2328-8930
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECH LET
JI Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 2
IS 5
BP 144
EP 148
DI 10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00068
PG 5
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CI3OP
UT WOS:000354657400003
ER

PT J
AU Wu, JJ
   Zou, BS
AF Wu, Jia-Jun
   Zou, Bing-Song
TI Hyperon Production from Neutrino-Nucleon Reaction
SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
ID RELATIVISTIC QUARK-MODEL; ENERGY ANTINEUTRINO INTERACTIONS; WEAK
   PRODUCTION; BETA-DECAY; STRANGE PARTICLES; CHIRAL DYNAMICS; SCATTERING;
   LAMBDA; RESONANCES; PROTONS
AB The neutrino induced hyperon production processes may provide a unique clean place for studying low energy interaction and hyperon resonances below KN threshold. The production rates for some neutrino induced hyperon production processes are estimated with theoretical models. Suggestions are made for the study of hyperon production from neutrino-nucleon reaction at present and future neutrino facilities.
C1 [Wu, Jia-Jun] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Zou, Bing-Song] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, State Key Lab Theoret Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.
   [Zou, Bing-Song] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Theoret Phys Ctr Sci Facil, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
RP Wu, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM wujiajun@ihep.ac.cn; zoubs@ihep.ac.cn
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11035006, 11121092,
   11261130311]; DFG [CRC110]; NSFC; Chinese Academy of Sciences
   [KJCX2-EW-N01]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China
   [2009CB825200]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics
   Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank Wen-Long Zhan, Hu-Shan Xu, T.-S. Harry Lee, T. Sato, Chun-Sheng
   An and Zi-Du Lin for useful discussions. This work is supported in part
   by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant
   11035006, 11121092, 11261130311 (CRC110 by DFG and NSFC), the Chinese
   Academy of Sciences under Project No. KJCX2-EW-N01 and the Ministry of
   Science and Technology of China (2009CB825200). This work is also
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics
   Division, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 55
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER WIEN
PI WIEN
PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA
SN 0177-7963
EI 1432-5411
J9 FEW-BODY SYST
JI Few-Body Syst.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 56
IS 4-5
BP 165
EP 183
DI 10.1007/s00601-015-0973-0
PG 19
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CI1JF
UT WOS:000354499600003
ER

PT J
AU Son, SB
   Kappes, B
   Ban, CM
AF Son, Seoung-Bum
   Kappes, Branden
   Ban, Chunmei
TI Surface Modification of Silicon Anodes for Durable and High-Energy
   Lithium-Ion Batteries
SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
DE Li-ion battery; molecular layer deposition; Si anode; silicon; surface
   chemistry
ID CARBON-COATED SILICON; HIGH-CAPACITY ANODES; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE
   MATERIALS; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; NANOSTRUCTURED SILICON; RECHARGEABLE
   BATTERIES; COMPOSITE ANODES; NANOCOMPOSITE ANODES; SECONDARY BATTERIES;
   STRUCTURAL-CHANGES
AB Carbonaceous materials have dominated lithium-ion battery anodes since their discovery in 1972. Materials and design challenges have prevented the move to silicon-based anodes, despite their significantly higher specific energies. Morphological design motifs have focused on minimizing the structural instabilities that arise during lithium insertion and removal, which are themselves the subject of numerous articles and reviews. This review focuses on surface modification techniques that have been developed to minimize volume expansion, stabilize the surface of silicon against electrical isolation following pulverization, and improve the electronic and ionic conductivities of silicon anodes during operation and cycling.
C1 [Son, Seoung-Bum; Ban, Chunmei] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
   [Kappes, Branden] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Ban, CM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM chunmei.ban@nrel.gov
RI Son, Seoung-Bum/C-6783-2014
FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under
   the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC-36-08GO28308]; United States National Science
   Foundation CI-TraCS program [OCI-1048586]
FX This work at NREL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the
   U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231,
   Sub-contract No. DE-AC-36-08GO28308 under the Batteries for Advanced
   Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. One author (BK) was
   supported by the United States National Science Foundation CI-TraCS
   program under grant no. OCI-1048586.
NR 91
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 18
U2 168
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0021-2148
EI 1869-5868
J9 ISR J CHEM
JI Isr. J. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
SI SI
BP 558
EP 569
DI 10.1002/ijch.201400173
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA CI0GR
UT WOS:000354415600008
ER

PT J
AU Banta, RM
   Pichugina, YL
   Brewer, WA
   Lundquist, JK
   Kelley, ND
   Sandberg, SP
   Alvarez, RJ
   Hardesty, RM
   Weickmann, AM
AF Banta, Robert M.
   Pichugina, Yelena L.
   Brewer, W. Alan
   Lundquist, Julie K.
   Kelley, Neil D.
   Sandberg, Scott P.
   Alvarez, Raul J., II
   Hardesty, R. Michael
   Weickmann, Ann M.
TI 3D Volumetric Analysis of Wind Turbine Wake Properties in the Atmosphere
   Using High-Resolution Doppler Lidar
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STABLE-BOUNDARY-LAYER; LOW-LEVEL JET; COMPLEX TERRAIN; PROFILE; ENERGY;
   FLOW; DISPERSION; VELOCITY; SYSTEM; SPEED
AB Wind turbine wakes in the atmosphere are three-dimensional (3D) and time dependent. An important question is how best to measure atmospheric wake properties, both for characterizing these properties observationally and for verification of numerical, conceptual, and physical (e.g., wind tunnel) models of wakes. Here a scanning, pulsed, coherent Doppler lidar is used to sample a turbine wake using 3D volume scan patterns that envelop the wake and simultaneously measure the inflow profile. The volume data are analyzed for quantities of interest, such as peak velocity deficit, downwind variability of the deficit, and downwind extent of the wake, in a manner that preserves the measured data. For the case study presented here, in which the wake was well defined in the lidar data, peak deficits of up to 80% were measured 0.6-2 rotor diameters (D) downwind of the turbine, and the wakes extended more than 11D downwind. Temporal wake variability over periods of minutes and the effects of atmospheric gusts and lulls in the inflow are demonstrated in the analysis. Lidar scanning trade-offs important to ensuring that the wake quantities of interest are adequately sampled by the scan pattern, including scan coverage, number of scans per volume, data resolution, and scan-cycle repeat interval, are discussed.
C1 [Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.; Brewer, W. Alan; Sandberg, Scott P.; Alvarez, Raul J., II] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
   [Pichugina, Yelena L.; Hardesty, R. Michael; Weickmann, Ann M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
   [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA.
RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.
EM robert.banta@noaa.gov
RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015
FU U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies program,
   under Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-NA0000900]
FX We thank the turbine manufacturer's staff for its facilitation of
   observational periods and Matthew Aitken for his thoughtful manuscript
   review. This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind
   and Hydropower Technologies program, under the direction of the Office
   of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Interagency Agreement
   DE-NA0000900).
NR 47
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 26
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0739-0572
EI 1520-0426
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 32
IS 5
BP 904
EP 914
DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00078.1
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CI5DF
UT WOS:000354772400003
ER

PT J
AU Ravel, B
   Carr, GL
   Hauzenberger, CA
   Klysubun, W
AF Ravel, Bruce
   Carr, G. L.
   Hauzenberger, Christoph A.
   Klysubun, Wantana
TI X-ray and optical spectroscopic study of the coloration of red glass
   used in 19th century decorative mosaics at the Temple of the Emerald
   Buddha
SO JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
LA English
DT Article
DE XAFS; Colloidal gold; Decorative glass
ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METALLIC-FILMS; RUBY GLASS;
   PERFORMANCE; COLORS; COPPER; ATHENA; EXAFS
AB The Temple of the Emerald Buddha in Bangkok, Thailand is noted for its glass mosaic decorations on exterior walls and statuary. The original mosaic artwork dates to the early 19th century and is composed of variously-colored, mirrored glass pieces. In this work, we examine the chemical composition and optical properties of the red glass manufactured at that time. Through the use of X-ray and optical spectroscopies, we demonstrate evidence that the 19th century craftsmen produced "ruby-gold" glass, wherein the red coloration is caused by the dispersal of nanoscale metallic gold particles throughout the glass matrix. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
C1 [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Carr, G. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Hauzenberger, Christoph A.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
   [Klysubun, Wantana] Synchrotron Light Res Inst, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
RP Ravel, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bravel@bnl.gov
FU Synchrotron Light Research Institute; U.S. Department of Energy, Office
   of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX Samples of glass from the Temple of the Emerald Buddha were provided by
   Thailand's Bureau of the Royal Household under the permission of Her
   Royal Highness Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. This work was financially
   supported in part by the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public
   Organization). Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven
   National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 34
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER
PI PARIS
PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 1296-2074
EI 1778-3674
J9 J CULT HERIT
JI J. Cult. Herit.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 16
IS 3
BP 315
EP 321
DI 10.1016/j.culher.2014.06.001
PG 7
WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Analytical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary;
   Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy
SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Spectroscopy
GA CI1ZH
UT WOS:000354543400008
ER

PT J
AU Agapov, RL
   Scherger, JD
   Sokolov, AP
   Foster, MD
AF Agapov, Rebecca L.
   Scherger, Jacob D.
   Sokolov, Alexei P.
   Foster, Mark D.
TI Identification of individual isotopes in a polymer blend using tip
   enhanced Raman spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy; protected plasmonics; isotopic
   identification; polymer blend; chemical sensing
ID SINGLE-MOLECULE; TERS PROBES; SCATTERING; SERS; BLINKING; FIELD;
   NANOPARTICLES; FLUORESCENCE
AB For the first time, tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) blinking measurements are used to identify the individual isotopes of non-Raman resonant polystyrene in a miscible, binary blend. This demonstrates the sensitivity and selectivity required for nanoscale chemical imaging and broadens the types of surface components potentially identifiable with TERS. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C1 [Agapov, Rebecca L.; Scherger, Jacob D.; Foster, Mark D.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
   [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Div Chem Sci, ORNL, Knoxville, TN USA.
   [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Foster, MD (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA.
EM mfoster@uakron.edu
FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office
   [W911NF-09-1-0424]; DURIP [W911NF-10-1-3167]
FX This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the U.S.
   Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under grant
   number W911NF-09-1-0424 and DURIP grant number W911NF-10-1-3167. The
   authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Edward Evans for assistance with
   physical vapor depositions.
NR 32
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 4
U2 29
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0377-0486
EI 1097-4555
J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC
JI J. Raman Spectrosc.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 46
IS 5
BP 447
EP 450
DI 10.1002/jrs.4671
PG 4
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA CI1IJ
UT WOS:000354496900004
ER

PT J
AU Dehoff, RR
   Kirka, MM
   Sames, WJ
   Bilheux, H
   Tremsin, AS
   Lowe, LE
   Babu, SS
AF Dehoff, R. R.
   Kirka, M. M.
   Sames, W. J.
   Bilheux, H.
   Tremsin, A. S.
   Lowe, L. E.
   Babu, S. S.
TI Site specific control of crystallographic grain orientation through
   electron beam additive manufacturing
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Additive manufacturing; Electron beam melting; Grain control; Nickel
   base superalloy
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL WELDS; SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURES; LASER; TEXTURE;
   SUPERALLOYS; DIFFRACTION; FABRICATION; DEPOSITION; TI-6AL-4V; BEHAVIOR
AB Site specific control of the crystallographic orientation of grains within metal components has been unachievable before the advent of metals additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. To demonstrate the capability, the growth of highly misoriented micron scale grains outlining the letters D, O and E, through the thickness of a 25.4 mm tall bulk block comprised of primarily columnar [001] oriented grains made of the nickel base superalloy Inconel 718 was promoted. To accomplish this, electron beam scan strategies were developed based on principles of columnar to equiaxed transitions during solidification. Through changes in scan strategy, the electron beam heat source can rapidly change between point and line heat source modes to promote steady state and/or transient thermal gradients and liquid/solid interface velocity. With this approach, an equiaxed solidification in the regions bounding the letters D, O and E was achieved. The through thickness existence of the equiaxed grain structure outlining the letters within a highly columnar [001] oriented bulk was confirmed through characterizing the bulk specimen with energy selective neutron radiography and confirming with an electron backscatter detection. Ultimately, this demonstration promotes the ability to build metal components with site specific control on crystallographic orientation of grains using the electron beam melting process.
C1 [Dehoff, R. R.; Kirka, M. M.; Sames, W. J.; Lowe, L. E.; Babu, S. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mfg Demonstrat Facil, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Dehoff, R. R.; Kirka, M. M.; Lowe, L. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Sames, W. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   [Bilheux, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Tremsin, A. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Babu, S. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Babu, S. S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN USA.
RP Dehoff, RR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mfg Demonstrat Facil, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM dehoffrr@ornl.gov
RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012; Dehoff,
   Ryan/I-6735-2016
OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Bilheux,
   Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449; Dehoff, Ryan/0000-0001-9456-9633
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle,
   LLC; Scientific User Facility Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear
   Energy, Nuclear Energy University Programs
FX Research is sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, under
   contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The research conducted
   at the spallation neutron source was sponsored by the Scientific User
   Facility Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of
   Energy. This research was also supported by fellowship funding received
   from the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear
   Energy University Programs. The United States Government retains and the
   publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that
   the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up,
   irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published
   form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States
   Government purposes.
NR 31
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 23
U2 110
PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND
SN 0267-0836
EI 1743-2847
J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND
JI Mater. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 8
BP 931
EP 938
DI 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000734
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CI1IQ
UT WOS:000354497600008
ER

PT J
AU Dehoff, RR
   Kirka, MM
   List, FA
   Unocic, KA
   Sames, WJ
AF Dehoff, R. R.
   Kirka, M. M.
   List, F. A., III
   Unocic, K. A.
   Sames, W. J.
TI Crystallographic texture engineering through novel melt strategies via
   electron beam melting: Inconel 718
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Additive manufacturing; Electron beam melting; Texture; Nickel-base
   superalloy
ID SUPERALLOY SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MICROSTRUCTURES; WELDS
AB Preliminary research has demonstrated the ability to utilise novel scan strategies in the electron beam melting (EBM) process to establish control of crystallographic texture within Inconel 718 deposits. Conventional EBM scan strategies and process parameters yield coarse columnar grains aligned parallel to the build direction. Through varying process parameters such as beam power, beam velocity, beam focus and scan strategy, the behaviour of the electron beam can be manipulated from a line source to a point source. The net effect of these variations is that the resulting crystallographic texture is controlled in a manner to produce either epitaxial deposits or fully equiaxed deposits. This research demonstrates the ability to change the crystallographic texture on the macroscale indicating that EBM technology can be used to create complex geometric components with both site-specific microstructures and material properties.
C1 [Dehoff, R. R.; Kirka, M. M.; List, F. A., III; Sames, W. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mfg Demonstrat Facil, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA.
   [Dehoff, R. R.; Kirka, M. M.; List, F. A., III; Unocic, K. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN USA.
   [Sames, W. J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
RP Dehoff, RR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mfg Demonstrat Facil, Knoxville, TN 37831 USA.
EM dehoffrr@ornl.gov
RI Dehoff, Ryan/I-6735-2016
OI Dehoff, Ryan/0000-0001-9456-9633
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle,
   LLC; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Energy
   University Programs
FX Research sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy
   Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office, under
   contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. Additionally this
   research was supported by fellowship funding provided by the US
   Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Energy
   University Programs. The United States Government retains and the
   publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that
   the United States that the United States Government retains a
   non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or
   reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do
   so, for United States Government purposes.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 10
U2 46
PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND
SN 0267-0836
EI 1743-2847
J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND
JI Mater. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 8
BP 939
EP 944
DI 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000697
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CI1IQ
UT WOS:000354497600009
ER

PT J
AU King, W
   Anderson, AT
   Ferencz, RM
   Hodge, NE
   Kamath, C
   Khairallah, SA
AF King, W.
   Anderson, A. T.
   Ferencz, R. M.
   Hodge, N. E.
   Kamath, C.
   Khairallah, S. A.
TI Overview of modelling and simulation of metal powder bed fusion process
   at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Additive manufacturing; Modelling and simulation; Metal laser powder bed
   fusion
ID MANUFACTURING PROCESSES; RADIATION TRANSFER; HEAT-SOURCES; LASER;
   FRAMEWORK; PARTS
AB The metal laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process uses high power lasers to build parts layer upon layer by melting fine metal powders. Qualification of parts produced using this technology is broadly recognised as a significant challenge. Physics based process models have been identified as being foundational to qualification of additively manufactured metal parts. In the present article, a multiscale modelling strategy is described that will serve as the foundation upon which process control and part qualification can be built. This includes a model at the scale of the powder that simulates single track/single multilayer builds and provides powder bed and melt pool thermal data. A second model computationally builds a complete part and predicts manufactured properties (residual stress, dimensional accuracy) in three dimensions. Modelling is tied to experiment through data mining.
C1 [King, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Anderson, A. T.; Ferencz, R. M.; Hodge, N. E.; Khairallah, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Kamath, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP King, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM weking@llnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory
   Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [13-SI-002]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was funded by
   the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL under
   project tracking code 13-SI-002.
NR 67
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 18
U2 65
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0267-0836
EI 1743-2847
J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND
JI Mater. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 8
BP 957
EP 968
DI 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000728
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CI1IQ
UT WOS:000354497600011
ER

PT J
AU von Neubeck, C
   Geniza, MJ
   Mauer, PM
   Robinson, RJ
   Chrisler, WB
   Sowa, MB
AF von Neubeck, Claere
   Geniza, Matthew J.
   Mauer, Paula M.
   Robinson, R. Joe
   Chrisler, William B.
   Sowa, Marianne B.
TI The effect of low dose ionizing radiation on homeostasis and functional
   integrity in an organotypic human skin model
SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
DE 3D skin equivalent; Differentiation profile; Ionizing radiation; Heavy
   ion; Radiation quality
ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; KERATINOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; SPACE EXPLORATION;
   BARRIER FUNCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; CANCER; FILAGGRIN; REPOPULATION;
   RISK; CARCINOGENESIS
AB Outside the protection of Earth's atmosphere, astronauts are exposed to low doses of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Future NASA plans for deep space missions or a permanent settlement on the moon are limited by the health risks associated with space radiation exposures. There is a paucity of direct epidemiological data for low dose exposures to space radiation-relevant high LET ions. Health risk models are used to estimate the risk for such exposures, though these models are based on high dose experiments. There is increasing evidence, however, that low and high dose exposures result in different signaling events at the molecular level, and may involve different response mechanisms. Further, despite their low abundance, high LET particles have been identified as the major contributor to health risk during manned space flight. The human skin is exposed in every external radiation scenario, making it an ideal epithelial tissue model in which to study radiation induced effects. Here, we exposed an in vitro three dimensional (3-D) human organotypic skin tissue model to low doses of high LET oxygen (O), silicon (Si) and iron (Fe) ions. We measured proliferation and differentiation profiles in the skin tissue and examined the integrity of the skin's barrier function. We discuss the role of secondary particles in changing the proportion of cells receiving a radiation dose, emphasizing the possible impact on radiation-induced health issues in astronauts. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [von Neubeck, Claere] Tech Univ Dresden, Fac Med, OncoRay Natl Ctr Radiat Res Oncol, German Canc Consortium DKTK Partner Site Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
   [von Neubeck, Claere] Tech Univ Dresden, Univ Hosp Carl Gustav Carus, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
   [von Neubeck, Claere] German Canc Res Ctr, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
   [Geniza, Matthew J.] Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Mauer, Paula M.; Robinson, R. Joe; Chrisler, William B.; Sowa, Marianne B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hlth Impacts & Exposure Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Sowa, MB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hlth Impacts & Exposure Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM marianne.sowa@pnnl.gov
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX10AB06G]; Biological
   and Environmental Research Program (BER), U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC06-76RLO]
FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration [NNX10AB06G]; and the Biological and Environmental
   Research Program (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO].
NR 36
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0027-5107
EI 1873-135X
J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M
JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 775
BP 10
EP 18
DI 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.03.003
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology
GA CI2NS
UT WOS:000354584900002
PM 25839759
ER

PT J
AU Subbaiyan, NK
   Parra-Vasquez, ANG
   Cambre, S
   Cordoba, MAS
   Yalcin, SE
   Hamilton, CE
   Mack, NH
   Blackburn, JL
   Doorn, SK
   Duque, JG
AF Subbaiyan, Navaneetha K.
   Parra-Vasquez, A. Nicholas G.
   Cambre, Sofie
   Cordoba, Miguel A. Santiago
   Yalcin, Sibel Ebru
   Hamilton, Christopher E.
   Mack, Nathan H.
   Blackburn, Jeffrey L.
   Doorn, Stephen K.
   Duque, Juan G.
TI Bench-top aqueous two-phase extraction of isolated individual
   single-walled carbon nanotubes
SO NANO RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE carbon nanotubes; aqueous two-phase (ATP) separation; aggregate removal;
   isolation; sorting
ID LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; LENGTH; FILMS; WATER;
   ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; SOLUBILIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FRACTIONATION;
   CONDUCTIVITY
AB Isolation and purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are prerequisites for their implementation in various applications. In this work, we present a fast (similar to 5 min), low-cost, and easily scalable bench-top approach to the extraction of high-quality isolated SWCNTs from bundles and impurities in an aqueous dispersion. The extraction procedure, based on aqueous two-phase (ATP) separation, is widely applicable to any SWCNT source (tested on samples up to 1.7 nm in diameter) and independent of defect density, purity, diameter, and length. The extracted dispersions demonstrate that the removal of large aggregates, small bundles, and impurities is comparable to that by density gradient ultracentrifugation, but without the need for high-end instrumentation. Raman and fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy, single-nanotube fluorescence imaging, atomic force and transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis all confirm the high purity of the isolated SWCNTs. By predispersing the SWCNTs without sonication (only gentle stirring), full-length, pristine SWCNTs can be isolated (tested up to 20 mu m). Hence, this simple ATP method will find immediate application in the generation of SWCNT materials for all levels of nanotube research and applications, from fundamental studies to high-performance devices.
C1 [Subbaiyan, Navaneetha K.; Parra-Vasquez, A. Nicholas G.; Cambre, Sofie; Cordoba, Miguel A. Santiago; Yalcin, Sibel Ebru; Hamilton, Christopher E.; Mack, Nathan H.; Doorn, Stephen K.; Duque, Juan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spect Grp C PCS, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
   [Subbaiyan, Navaneetha K.; Parra-Vasquez, A. Nicholas G.; Cambre, Sofie; Cordoba, Miguel A. Santiago; Yalcin, Sibel Ebru; Hamilton, Christopher E.; Mack, Nathan H.; Doorn, Stephen K.; Duque, Juan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div MST 7, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
   [Cambre, Sofie] Univ Antwerp, Expt Condensed Matter Phys Lab, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
   [Blackburn, Jeffrey L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Duque, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spect Grp C PCS, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM jduque@lanl.gov
RI Cambre, Sofie/P-6277-2014; 
OI Cambre, Sofie/0000-0001-7471-7678; Subbaiyan, Navaneetha
   K/0000-0002-5767-4386; Hamilton, Christopher/0000-0002-1605-5992
FU LANL-LDRD program; Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, Belgium
   (FWO-Vlaanderen); LANL; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
   Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
   (DOE [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
FX We thank Kevin Henderson for access to TGA and Wim Wenseleers for
   helpful discussions. This work was supported by the LANL-LDRD program
   and was performed in part at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies,
   a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user
   facility. S. C. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the
   Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, Belgium (FWO-Vlaanderen) for
   providing a postdoctoral fellowship and a mobility grant for visiting
   the Los Alamos National Laboratory. A. N. G. P. V. gratefully
   acknowledges support from the LANL Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship.
   LV SWCNT synthesis was performed at NREL, and was supported by the Solar
   Photochemistry Program, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and
   Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
   (DOE), Grant No. DE-AC36-08GO28308.
NR 45
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 4
U2 60
PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1998-0124
EI 1998-0000
J9 NANO RES
JI Nano Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 5
BP 1755
EP 1769
DI 10.1007/s12274-014-0680-z
PG 15
WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science;
   Physics
GA CI3CQ
UT WOS:000354625600030
ER

PT J
AU Jo, H
   Schieve, LA
   Sharma, AJ
   Hinkle, SN
   Li, RW
   Lind, JN
AF Jo, Heejoo
   Schieve, Laura A.
   Sharma, Andrea J.
   Hinkle, Stefanie N.
   Li, Ruowei
   Lind, Jennifer N.
TI Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development
   at 6 Years of Age
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY; PSYCHOMETRIC
   PROPERTIES; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; WEIGHT-GAIN; PREGNANCY; OBESITY;
   ASSOCIATIONS; TRENDS; RISK
AB BACKGROUND: Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopment.
   METHODS: The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a US nationally distributed longitudinal study of maternal health and infant health and feeding practices, was conducted from 2005 to 2007. In 2012, mothers were recontacted for information on their children's health and development. We examined associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child psychosocial development in 1311 mother-child pairs included in this follow-up study. Children's development was assessed by maternal report of child psychosocial difficulties from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, past developmental diagnoses, and receipt of special needs services.
   RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, children of obese class II/III mothers (BMI > 35.0) had increased odds of emotional symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.98), peer problems (aOR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.26-3.40), total psychosocial difficulties (aOR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.24-3.77), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis (aOR 4.55; 95% CI, 1.80-11.46), autism or developmental delay diagnosis (aOR 3.13; 95% CI, 1.10-8.94), receipt of speech language therapy (aOR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.18-3.15), receipt of psychological services (aOR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09-4.73), and receipt of any special needs service (aOR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.33-2.97) compared with children of normal weight mothers (BMI 18.5-24.9). Adjustment for potential causal pathway factors including pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, postpartum depression, and child's birth weight did not substantially affect most estimates.
   CONCLUSIONS: Children whose mothers were severely obese before pregnancy had increased risk for adverse developmental outcomes.
C1 [Jo, Heejoo; Schieve, Laura A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Li, Ruowei; Lind, Jennifer N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr Phys Act & Obes, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Lind, Jennifer N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Surveillance Epidemiol & Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Jo, Heejoo] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Sharma, Andrea J.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Sharma, Andrea J.; Lind, Jennifer N.] US Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA USA.
   [Hinkle, Stefanie N.] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Div Intramural Populat Hlth Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.
RP Jo, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM heejoojo@usc.edu
RI Hinkle, Stefanie/F-8253-2013; 
OI Hinkle, Stefanie/0000-0003-4312-708X; Sharma, Andrea/0000-0003-0385-0011
FU intramural research program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National
   Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of
   Health; National Institutes of Health (NIH)
FX Supported in part by the intramural research program of the Eunice
   Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
   Development, National Institutes of Health. Funded by the National
   Institutes of Health (NIH).
NR 42
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 21
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
EI 1098-4275
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 135
IS 5
BP E1198
EP E1209
DI 10.1542/peds.2014-3058
PG 12
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA CH0QX
UT WOS:000353728400011
PM 25917989
ER

PT J
AU Lyons, JL
   Alkauskas, A
   Janotti, A
   de Walle, CGV
AF Lyons, John L.
   Alkauskas, Audrius
   Janotti, Anderson
   de Walle, Chris G. Van
TI First-principles theory of acceptors in nitride semiconductors
SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 8th International Workshop on Nitride Semiconductors(IWN 2014)
CY AUG 24-29, 2015
CL Wroclaw, POLAND
DE acceptors; doping; first-principles calculations; impurities;
   luminescence; nitride semiconductors
ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; MOLECULAR-BEAM
   EPITAXY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; YELLOW LUMINESCENCE; POINT-DEFECTS;
   NATIVE DEFECTS; GAN FILMS; CARBON; ALN
AB Acceptor defects and impurities play a critical role in the performance of GaN-based devices. Mg is the only acceptor impurity that gives rise to p-type conductivity, while other acceptors (such as C-N impurities and V-Ga defects) act as sources of compensation and trapping. From the point of view of theory, understanding the physics of acceptor species in GaN has long been a challenge. In the past, limitations of computational techniques made it difficult to quantitatively predict crucial quantities such as thermodynamic and optical transition levels. However, advances in first-principles calculations, including the use of hybrid functionals in density functional theory, have led to a resurgence in efforts to understand properties of acceptors in nitrides. After briefly discussing advances in theoretical techniques, we review recent computational work on acceptor impurities in GaN and compare theoretical results with the available experimental data. We also present new hybrid density functional calculations on the transition levels of V-Ga and its complexes with O and H impurities. The results indicate that donor impurities significantly lower V-Ga transition levels, and that V-Ga-3H and V-Ga-O-N-2H complexes give rise to yellow luminescence. We also discuss the properties of acceptor impurities in AlN and InN. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
C1 [Lyons, John L.; Alkauskas, Audrius; Janotti, Anderson; de Walle, Chris G. Van] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.
   [Alkauskas, Audrius] Ctr Phys Sci & Technol, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania.
RP Lyons, JL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM jlyons@bnl.gov
RI Alkauskas, Audrius/I-3245-2012; 
OI Alkauskas, Audrius/0000-0002-4228-6612; Lyons, John
   L./0000-0001-8023-3055
FU ONR DE-FINE MURI [N00014-10-1-0937]; Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-SC0010689]; Center for Low Energy Systems
   Technology (LEAST), one of six SRC STARnet Center - MARCO; Center for
   Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST), one of six SRC STARnet Center -
   DARPA; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX J.L. was supported by the ONR DE-FINE MURI (N00014-10-1-0937). A. A. was
   supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
   (DE-SC0010689). A.J. was supported in part by the Center for Low Energy
   Systems Technology (LEAST), one of six SRC STARnet Centers sponsored by
   MARCO and DARPA. The work made use of the Center for Scientific
   Computing at the CNSI and MRL: an NSF MRSEC (DMR-1121053) and NSF
   CNS-0960316, as well as NERSC, which is supported by the DOE Office of
   Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 83
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 7
U2 70
PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
PI WEINHEIM
PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY
SN 0370-1972
EI 1521-3951
J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B
JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 252
IS 5
SI SI
BP 900
EP 908
DI 10.1002/pssb.201552062
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA CH8DV
UT WOS:000354267300007
ER

PT J
AU Sakaguchi, T
AF Sakaguchi, Takao
TI Photon and dilepton production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Photons; dileptons; Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider; Large Hadron
   Collider; quark gluon plasma
ID LOW-MASS DILEPTONS; PHENIX
AB The recent results on direct photons and dileptons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, obtained particularly at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reviewed. The results are new not only in terms of the probes, but also in terms of the precision. We shall discuss the physics learned from the results.
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Sakaguchi, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM takao@bnl.gov
NR 48
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 8
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0304-4289
EI 0973-7111
J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS
JI Pramana-J. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 84
IS 5
BP 845
EP 859
DI 10.1007/s12043-015-0970-3
PG 15
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CI3DN
UT WOS:000354627900013
ER

PT J
AU Liao, JF
AF Liao, Jinfeng
TI Anomalous transport effects and possible environmental symmetry
   'violation' in heavy-ion collisions
SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Heavy-ion collision; quark-gluon plasma; anomalous effect; topological
   effect
ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; MAGNETIC-FIELD; QCD MATTER; STRONG CP;
   COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; AXIONS; EVENT
AB The heavy-ion collision provides a unique many-body environment where local domains of strongly interacting chiral medium may occur and in a sense allow environmental symmetry 'violation' phenomena. For example, certain anomalous transport processes, forbidden in usual medium, become possible in such domains. We briefly review recent progress in both the theoretical understanding and experimental search of various anomalous transport effects (such as the chiral magnetic effect, chiral separation effect, chiral electric separation effect, chiral electric /magnetic waves, etc.) in the hot QCD fluid formed by such collisions.
C1 [Liao, Jinfeng] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
   [Liao, Jinfeng] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
   [Liao, Jinfeng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Liao, JF (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, 2401 N Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA.
EM liaoji@indiana.edu
FU National Science Foundation [PHY-1352368]; RIKEN BNL Research Center
FX The author thanks J Bloczynski, Y Burnier, A Bzdak, X Huang, Y Jiang, D
   Kharzeev, V Koch, H Yee, and X Zhang for collaborations on various
   related aspects. He also thanks H Huang, H Ke, R Lacey, L McLerran, B
   Mohanty, M Stephanov, A Tang, G Wang, and N Xu for discussions and
   communications. The research of the author is supported by the National
   Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY-1352368) and he is also grateful to
   the RIKEN BNL Research Center for partial support. The author thanks the
   Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, where this
   work was partly completed during the YITP-T-13-05 on 'New Frontiers in
   QCD'.
NR 130
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 3
PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES
PI BANGALORE
PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA
SN 0304-4289
EI 0973-7111
J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS
JI Pramana-J. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 84
IS 5
BP 901
EP 926
DI 10.1007/s12043-015-0984-x
PG 26
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CI3DN
UT WOS:000354627900016
ER

PT J
AU Lowell, JL
   Antolin, MF
   Andersen, GL
   Hu, P
   Stokowski, RP
   Gage, KL
AF Lowell, Jennifer L.
   Antolin, Michael F.
   Andersen, Gary L.
   Hu, Ping
   Stokowski, Renee P.
   Gage, Kenneth L.
TI Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Reveal Spatial Diversity Among Clones of
   Yersinia pestis During Plague Outbreaks in Colorado and the Western
   United States
SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Colorado; Spatial diversity; Yersinia pestis; Plague-Single-nucleotide
   polymorphisms; Western United States
ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; CYNOMYS-LUDOVICIANUS;
   EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; PERSISTENCE; THRESHOLDS;
   EPIZOOTICS
AB Background: In western North America, plague epizootics caused by Yersinia pestis appear to sweep across landscapes, primarily infecting and killing rodents, especially ground squirrels and prairie dogs. During these epizootics, the risk of Y. pestis transmission to humans is highest. While empirical models that include climatic conditions and densities of rodent hosts and fleas can predict when epizootics are triggered, bacterial transmission patterns across landscapes, and the scale at which Y. pestis is maintained in nature during inter-epizootic periods, are poorly defined. Elucidating the spatial extent of Y. pestis clones during epizootics can determine whether bacteria are propagated across landscapes or arise independently from local inter-epizootic maintenance reservoirs.
   Material and Methods: We used DNA microarray technology to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 34 Y. pestis isolates collected in the western United States from 1980 to 2006, 21 of which were collected during plague epizootics in Colorado. Phylogenetic comparisons were used to elucidate the hypothesized spread of Y. pestis between the mountainous Front Range and the eastern plains of northern Colorado during epizootics. Isolates collected from across the western United States were included for regional comparisons.
   Results: By identifying SNPs that mark individual clones, our results strongly suggest that Y. pestis is maintained locally and that widespread epizootic activity is caused by multiple clones arising independently at small geographic scales. This is in contrast to propagation of individual clones being transported widely across landscapes. Regionally, our data are consistent with the notion that Y. pestis diversifies at relatively local scales following long-range translocation events. We recommend that surveillance and prediction by public health and wildlife management professionals focus more on models of local or regional weather patterns and ecological factors that may increase risk of widespread epizootics, rather than predicting or attempting to explain epizootics on the basis of movement of host species that may transport plague.
C1 [Lowell, Jennifer L.] Carroll Coll, Dept Hlth Sci, Helena, MT 59625 USA.
   [Lowell, Jennifer L.; Antolin, Michael F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Andersen, Gary L.; Hu, Ping] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Stokowski, Renee P.] Ariosa Diagnost, San Jose, CA USA.
   [Lowell, Jennifer L.; Gage, Kenneth L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Lowell, JL (reprint author), Carroll Coll, Dept Hlth Sci, 1601 N Benton Ave, Helena, MT 59625 USA.
EM jlowell@carroll.edu
RI Hu, Ping/G-2384-2015; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015
OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827
FU ISTC Biotechnology Engagement Program [K- 584 p]; National Science
   Foundation-Ecology of Infectious Diseases (NSF-EID) [0327052]
FX We thank John Montenieri and Scott Bearden from the Centers for Disease
   Control and Prevention, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, respectively,
   for geographic information systems and laboratory support. We also thank
   Dan Tripp and the field crews from the Antolin Laboratory at Colorado
   State University, Fort Collins, CO. This work was supported by the ISTC
   Biotechnology Engagement Program (award K- 584 p) and National Science
   Foundation-Ecology of Infectious Diseases (NSF-EID) (grant no. 0327052).
   The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
   decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
NR 63
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 22
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
PI NEW ROCHELLE
PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA
SN 1530-3667
EI 1557-7759
J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT
JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 15
IS 5
BP 291
EP 302
DI 10.1089/vbz.2014.1714
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA CI3XV
UT WOS:000354681600002
PM 25988438
ER

PT J
AU Morshed, N
   Echols, N
   Adams, PD
AF Morshed, Nader
   Echols, Nathaniel
   Adams, Paul D.
TI Using support vector machines to improve elemental ion identification in
   macromolecular crystal structures
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
DE elemental ion identification; support vector machines; model building
ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; PROTEIN DATA-BANK; BINDING-SITES; FEATURES;
   METALLOPROTEOMICS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION;
   MECHANISM; SELECTION
AB In the process of macromolecular model building, crystallographers must examine electron density for isolated atoms and differentiate sites containing structured solvent molecules from those containing elemental ions. This task requires specific knowledge of metal-binding chemistry and scattering properties and is prone to error. A method has previously been described to identify ions based on manually chosen criteria for a number of elements. Here, the use of support vector machines (SVMs) to automatically classify isolated atoms as either solvent or one of various ions is described. Two data sets of protein crystal structures, one containing manually curated structures deposited with anomalous diffraction data and another with automatically filtered, high-resolution structures, were constructed. On the manually curated data set, an SVM classifier was able to distinguish calcium from manganese, zinc, iron and nickel, as well as all five of these ions from water molecules, with a high degree of accuracy. Additionally, SVMs trained on the automatically curated set of high-resolution structures were able to successfully classify most common elemental ions in an independent validation test set. This method is readily extensible to other elemental ions and can also be used in conjunction with previous methods based on a priori expectations of the chemical environment and X-ray scattering.
C1 [Morshed, Nader] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Letters & Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Morshed, Nader; Echols, Nathaniel; Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Echols, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM nechols@lbl.gov; pdadams@lbl.gov
RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013
OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219
FU NIH [GM063210]; PHENIX Industrial Consortium; US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; UC Berkeley Summer Undergraduate Research
   Fellowship
FX We thank Pavel Afonine, Jan Dohnalek, Elspeth Garman, Randy Read and
   Thomas Terwilliger for helpful discussions. This research was supported
   by the NIH (grant GM063210) and the PHENIX Industrial Consortium. This
   work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy under
   Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NM was partially supported by a UC Berkeley
   Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. The content is solely the
   responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the
   official views of the National Institutes of Health or NIGMS.
NR 50
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1399-0047
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D
JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
BP 1147
EP 1158
DI 10.1107/S1399004715004241
PN 5
PG 12
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA CH9SN
UT WOS:000354376700013
PM 25945580
ER

PT J
AU Weichenberger, CX
   Afonine, PV
   Kantardjieff, K
   Rupp, B
AF Weichenberger, Christian X.
   Afonine, Pavel V.
   Kantardjieff, Katherine
   Rupp, Bernhard
TI The solvent component of macromolecular crystals
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE macromolecular crystals; solvent content; bulk solvent; ordered solvent
ID PROTEIN-LIGAND COMPLEXES; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; HIGH-THROUGHPUT
   CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FREE R-VALUE; ELECTRON-DENSITY; BULK-SOLVENT; DRUG
   DESIGN; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; AUTOMATED IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR
   REPLACEMENT
AB The mother liquor from which a biomolecular crystal is grown will contain water, buffer molecules, native ligands and cofactors, crystallization precipitants and additives, various metal ions, and often small-molecule ligands or inhibitors. On average, about half the volume of a biomolecular crystal consists of this mother liquor, whose components form the disordered bulk solvent. Its scattering contributions can be exploited in initial phasing and must be included in crystal structure refinement as a bulk-solvent model. Concomitantly, distinct electron density originating from ordered solvent components must be correctly identified and represented as part of the atomic crystal structure model. Herein, are reviewed (i) probabilistic bulk-solvent content estimates, (ii) the use of bulk-solvent density modification in phase improvement, (iii) bulk-solvent models and refinement of bulk-solvent contributions and (iv) modelling and validation of ordered solvent constituents. A brief summary is provided of current tools for bulk-solvent analysis and refinement, as well as of modelling, refinement and analysis of ordered solvent components, including small-molecule ligands.
C1 [Weichenberger, Christian X.] European Acad Bozen Bolzano EURAC, Ctr Biomed, I-39100 Bozen Bolzano, Sudtirol Alto A, Italy.
   [Afonine, Pavel V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kantardjieff, Katherine] Calif State Univ, Coll Sci & Math, San Marcos, CA 92078 USA.
   [Rupp, Bernhard] KK Hofkristallamt, Dept Forens Crystallog, Vista, CA 92084 USA.
   [Rupp, Bernhard] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Genet Epidemiol, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
RP Rupp, B (reprint author), KK Hofkristallamt, Dept Forens Crystallog, 991 Audrey Pl, Vista, CA 92084 USA.
EM br@hofkristallamt.org
FU European Union [PIIF-GA-2011-300025]; NIH [1P01 GM063210]; Phenix
   Industrial Consortium; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX BR acknowledges support from the European Union under an FP7 Marie Curie
   People Action grant PIIF-GA-2011-300025 (SAXCESS). PVA acknowledges
   support by the NIH (Project 1P01 GM063210), the Phenix Industrial
   Consortium and the US Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. Extended discussions with Dale Tronrud (Department of
   Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon,
   USA) and Dirk Kostrewa (LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany) as well as
   review comments and suggestions have led to significant improvements of
   the manuscript. Dale Tronrud also kindly provided Figs. 10(e) and 10(f).
   Randy Read (CIMR, Cambridge, England) and Alexandre Urzhumtsev (IGBMC,
   Strasbourg, France) provided implementation details for their respective
   computer programs.
NR 150
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 16
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 2059-7983
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D
JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Struct. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
BP 1023
EP 1038
DI 10.1107/S1399004715006045
PN 5
PG 16
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA CH9SN
UT WOS:000354376700001
PM 25945568
ER

PT J
AU Coquelle, N
   Brewster, AS
   Kapp, U
   Shilova, A
   Weinhausen, B
   Burghammer, M
   Colletier, JP
AF Coquelle, Nicolas
   Brewster, Aaron S.
   Kapp, Ulrike
   Shilova, Anastasya
   Weinhausen, Britta
   Burghammer, Manfred
   Colletier, Jacques-Philippe
TI Raster-scanning serial protein crystallography using micro- and
   nano-focused synchrotron beams
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE serial crystallography; hit finding; raster scanning; background
   subtraction; radiation damage
ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE;
   FEMTOSECOND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALS; STRUCTURE
   REFINEMENT; RADIATION-DAMAGE; DIFFRACTION; RESOLUTION; MODEL
AB High-resolution structural information was obtained from lysozyme microcrystals (20 mu m in the largest dimension) using raster-scanning serial protein crystallography on micro- and nano-focused beamlines at the ESRF. Data were collected at room temperature (RT) from crystals sandwiched between two silicon nitride wafers, thereby preventing their drying, while limiting background scattering and sample consumption. In order to identify crystal hits, new multi-processing and GUI-driven Python-based pre-analysis software was developed, named NanoPeakCell, that was able to read data from a variety of crystallographic image formats. Further data processing was carried out using CrystFEL, and the resultant structures were refined to 1.7 angstrom resolution. The data demonstrate the feasibility of RT raster-scanning serial micro- and nano-protein crystallography at synchrotrons and validate it as an alternative approach for the collection of high-resolution structural data from micro-sized crystals. Advantages of the proposed approach are its thriftiness, its handling-free nature, the reduced amount of sample required, the adjustable hit rate, the high indexing rate and the minimization of background scattering.
C1 [Coquelle, Nicolas; Colletier, Jacques-Philippe] Univ Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France.
   [Coquelle, Nicolas; Colletier, Jacques-Philippe] CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France.
   [Coquelle, Nicolas; Colletier, Jacques-Philippe] CEA Grenoble, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France.
   [Brewster, Aaron S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kapp, Ulrike; Shilova, Anastasya; Weinhausen, Britta; Burghammer, Manfred] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
   [Burghammer, Manfred] Univ Ghent, Dept Analyt Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
RP Burghammer, M (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
EM burgham@esrf.fr; colletier@ibs.fr
FU ANR; CEA; CNRS; UJF; France Alzheimer Foundation
FX Financial support by the ANR, the CEA, the CNRS and the UJF is
   acknowledged. NC is supported by a grant from the France Alzheimer
   Foundation. We thank M. Weik, T. A. White, R. G. Sierra, C. Riekel, J.
   Rodriguez, E. Girard, D. Cascio, M. R. Sawaya and D. S. Eisenberg for
   helpful and stimulating discussions, as well as for continuing support.
   We are indebted to L. Lardiere and L. Peyrin for the three-dimensional
   rendering of our sample preparation procedure shown in Fig. 1(f).
NR 56
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 20
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 2059-7983
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D
JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Struct. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
BP 1184
EP 1196
DI 10.1107/S1399004715004514
PN 5
PG 13
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA CH9SN
UT WOS:000354376700016
PM 25945583
ER

PT J
AU Buchko, GW
   Yee, A
   Semesi, A
   Myler, PJ
   Arrowsmith, CH
   Hui, R
AF Buchko, Garry W.
   Yee, Adelinda
   Semesi, Anthony
   Myler, Peter J.
   Arrowsmith, Cheryl H.
   Hui, Raymond
TI Solution-state NMR structure of the putative morphogene protein BolA
   (PFE0790c) from Plasmodium falciparum
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Plasmodium falciparum; BolA; PFE0790c
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; MALARIA; GROWTH; EXPRESSION;
   COMPLEXES; SEQUENCE
AB Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium are responsible for malaria, which is perhaps the most important parasitic disease to infect mankind. The emergence of Plasmodium strains resistant to current therapeutics and prophylactics makes the development of new treatment strategies urgent. Among the potential targets for new antimalarial drugs is the BolA-like protein PFE0790c from Plasmodium falciparum (Pf-BolA). While the function of BolA is unknown, it has been linked to cell morphology by regulating transcription in response to stress. Using an NMR-based method, an ensemble of 20 structures of Pf-BolA was determined and deposited in the PDB (PDB entry ). The overall topology of the Pf-BolA structure, 1-1-2-1-2/2-3-3, with the -strands forming a mixed -sheet, is similar to the fold observed in other BolA structures. A helix-turn-helix motif similar to the class II KH fold associated with nucleic acid-binding proteins is present, but contains an FXGXXXL signature sequence that differs from the GXXG signature sequence present in class II KH folds, suggesting that the BolA family of proteins may use a novel protein-nucleic acid interface. A well conserved arginine residue, Arg50, hypothesized to play a role in governing the formation of the C-terminal -helix in the BolA family of proteins, is too distant to form polar contacts with any side chains in this -helix in Pf-BolA, suggesting that this conserved arginine may only serve a role in guiding the orientation of this C-terminal helix in some BolA proteins. A survey of BolA structures suggests that the C-terminal helix may not have a functional role and that the third helix (2/2) has a `kink' that appears to be conserved among the BolA protein structures. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows that Pf-BolA is fairly robust, partially unfolding when heated to 353K and refolding upon cooling to 298K.
C1 [Buchko, Garry W.; Myler, Peter J.] Seattle Struct Genom Ctr Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Buchko, Garry W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Yee, Adelinda; Semesi, Anthony; Arrowsmith, Cheryl H.; Hui, Raymond] Univ Toronto, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [Myler, Peter J.] Seattle BioMed, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Myler, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Dept Med Educ & Biomed Informat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Myler, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Arrowsmith, Cheryl H.; Hui, Raymond] Struct Genom Consortium, Oxford, England.
RP Buchko, GW (reprint author), Seattle Struct Genom Ctr Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM garry.buchko@pnnl.gov
RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015
OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061
FU Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
   Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human
   Services [HHSN2722001200025C, HHSN272200700057C]; Natural Sciences and
   Engineering Research Council of Canada; Structural Genomics Consortium
   (SGC); AbbVie; Boehringer Ingelheim; Canada Foundation for Innovation
   (CFI); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Genome Canada;
   Ontario Genomics Institute [OGI-055]; GlaxoSmithKline; Janssen; Lilly
   Canada; Novartis Research Foundation; Ontario Ministry of Economic
   Development and Innovation; Pfizer; Takeda; Wellcome Trust
   [092809/Z/10/Z]; US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research (BER) program
FX This research was funded with Federal funds from the National Institute
   of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
   Department of Health and Human Services under Contract Nos.
   HHSN2722001200025C and HHSN272200700057C, the Natural Sciences and
   Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Structural Genomics
   Consortium (SGC). The SGC is a registered charity (No. 1097737) that
   receives funds from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, the Canada Foundation
   for Innovation (CFI), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR),
   Genome Canada, Ontario Genomics Institute Grant OGI-055,
   GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lilly Canada, the Novartis Research
   Foundation, the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation,
   Pfizer, Takeda and the Wellcome Trust Grant 092809/Z/10/Z. The SSGCID
   internal ID for Pf-BolA is PlfaA.01650.a. Part of this research was
   conducted at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences
   Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the US
   Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
   (BER) program located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).
   Battelle operates PNNL for the US Department of Energy.
NR 35
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1744-3091
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F
JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
SI SI
BP 514
EP 521
DI 10.1107/S2053230X1402799X
PN 5
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA CH9TC
UT WOS:000354378200004
PM 25945703
ER

PT J
AU Buchko, GW
   Abendroth, J
   Clifton, MC
   Robinson, H
   Zhang, YF
   Hewitt, SN
   Staker, BL
   Edwards, TE
   Van Voorhis, WC
   Myler, PJ
AF Buchko, Garry W.
   Abendroth, Jan
   Clifton, Matthew C.
   Robinson, Howard
   Zhang, Yanfeng
   Hewitt, Stephen N.
   Staker, Bart L.
   Edwards, Thomas E.
   Van Voorhis, Wesley C.
   Myler, Peter J.
TI Structure of a CutA1 divalent-cation tolerance protein from
   Cryptosporidium parvum, the protozoal parasite responsible for
   cryptosporidiosis
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cryptosporidium parvum; divalent-cation tolerance protein; CutA1;
   cryptosporidiosis
ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION;
   CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; SOFTWARE;
   GENOMICS; BIOLOGY
AB Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the Cryptosporidium genus. Infection is associated with mild to severe diarrhea that usually resolves spontaneously in healthy human adults, but may lead to severe complications in young children and in immunocompromised patients. The genome of C. parvum contains a gene, CUTA_CRYPI, that may play a role in regulating the intracellular concentration of copper, which is a toxic element in excess. Here, the crystal structure of this CutA1 protein, Cp-CutA1, is reported at 2.0 angstrom resolution. As observed for other CutA1 structures, the 117-residue protein is a trimer with a core ferrodoxin-like fold. Circular dichroism spectroscopy shows little, in any, unfolding of Cp-CutA1 up to 353K. This robustness is corroborated by H-1-N-15 HSQC spectra at 333K, which are characteristic of a folded protein, suggesting that NMR spectroscopy may be a useful tool to further probe the function of the CutA1 proteins. While robust, Cp-CutA1 is not as stable as the homologous protein from a hyperthermophile, perhaps owing to a wide -bulge in 2 that protrudes Pro48 and Ser49 outside the -sheet.
C1 [Buchko, Garry W.; Abendroth, Jan; Clifton, Matthew C.; Hewitt, Stephen N.; Staker, Bart L.; Edwards, Thomas E.; Van Voorhis, Wesley C.; Myler, Peter J.] Seattle Struct Genom Ctr Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Buchko, Garry W.; Zhang, Yanfeng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Abendroth, Jan; Clifton, Matthew C.; Edwards, Thomas E.] Beryllium, Bainbridge Isl, WA USA.
   [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Hewitt, Stephen N.; Van Voorhis, Wesley C.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA.
   [Staker, Bart L.; Myler, Peter J.] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
   [Myler, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Dept Med Educ & Biomed Informat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Myler, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Buchko, GW (reprint author), Seattle Struct Genom Ctr Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM garry.buchko@pnnl.gov
RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015
OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061
FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
   [HHSN2722001200025C, HHSN272200700057C]; US Department of Energy's
   Office of Biological and Environmental Research program
FX This research was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and
   Infectious Diseases under Federal Contract Nos. HHSN2722001200025C and
   HHSN272200700057C. The SSGCID internal ID for Cp-CutA1 is CrpA.01087.a.
   Part of the research was conducted at the W. R. Wiley Environmental
   Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility
   sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research program located at Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory (PNNL). Battelle operates PNNL for the US Department of
   Energy. The assistance of the X29A beamline scientists at the National
   Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory is
   appreciated. Support for beamline X29A at the National Synchrotron Light
   Source comes principally from the Offices of Biological and
   Environmental Research and of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department
   of Energy and from the National Center for Research Resources of the
   National Institutes of Health.
NR 49
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 2053-230X
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F
JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
SI SI
BP 522
EP 530
DI 10.1107/S2053230X14028210
PN 5
PG 9
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA CH9TC
UT WOS:000354378200005
PM 25945704
ER

PT J
AU Kim, Y
   Makowska-Grzyska, M
   Gorla, SK
   Gollapalli, DR
   Cuny, GD
   Joachimiak, A
   Hedstrom, L
AF Kim, Youngchang
   Makowska-Grzyska, Magdalena
   Gorla, Suresh Kumar
   Gollapalli, Deviprasad R.
   Cuny, Gregory D.
   Joachimiak, Andrzej
   Hedstrom, Lizbeth
TI Structure of Cryptosporidium IMP dehydrogenase bound to an inhibitor
   with in vivo antiparasitic activity
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE Cryptosporidium; inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase; P131
ID INOSINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; ETCH VIRUS PROTEASE;
   MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE;
   HIGH-THROUGHPUT; DRUG DESIGN; PARVUM; MODEL; PAROMOMYCIN
AB Inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a promising target for the treatment of Cryptosporidium infections. Here, the structure of C. parvum IMPDH (CpIMPDH) in complex with inosine 5-monophosphate (IMP) and P131, an inhibitor with in vivo anticryptosporidial activity, is reported. P131 contains two aromatic groups, one of which interacts with the hypoxanthine ring of IMP, while the second interacts with the aromatic ring of a tyrosine in the adjacent subunit. In addition, the amine and NO2 moieties bind in hydrated cavities, forming water-mediated hydrogen bonds to the protein. The design of compounds to replace these water molecules is a new strategy for the further optimization of C. parvum inhibitors for both antiparasitic and antibacterial applications.
C1 [Kim, Youngchang; Makowska-Grzyska, Magdalena; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Ctr Struct Genom Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Kim, Youngchang; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Gorla, Suresh Kumar; Gollapalli, Deviprasad R.; Hedstrom, Lizbeth] Brandeis Univ, Dept Biol, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
   [Cuny, Gregory D.] Univ Houston, Dept Pharmacol & Pharmaceut Sci, Coll Pharm, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
   [Hedstrom, Lizbeth] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02454 USA.
RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Ctr Struct Genom Infect Dis, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM andrzejj@anl.gov; hedstrom@brandeis.edu
FU National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Allergy
   and Infectious Diseases [HHSN272200700058C, HHSN-272201200026C]; Center
   for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases; NIH [AI093459,
   AI106743]; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the
   National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (contracts
   HHSN272200700058C and HHSN-272201200026C to the Center for Structural
   Genomics of Infectious Diseases; to AJ) and NIH grants AI093459 (to LH)
   and AI106743 (to GDC). The use of Structural Biology Center beamlines
   was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research (contract DE-AC02-06CH11357).
NR 41
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 6
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 2053-230X
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F
JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
SI SI
BP 531
EP 538
DI 10.1107/S2053230X15000187
PN 5
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA CH9TC
UT WOS:000354378200006
PM 25945705
ER

PT J
AU Serbzhinskiy, DA
   Clifton, MC
   Sankaran, B
   Staker, BL
   Edwards, TE
   Myler, PJ
AF Serbzhinskiy, Dmitry A.
   Clifton, Matthew C.
   Sankaran, Banumathi
   Staker, Bart L.
   Edwards, Thomas E.
   Myler, Peter J.
TI Structure of an ADP-ribosylation factor, ARF1, from Entamoeba
   histolytica bound to Mg2+-GDP
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE GDP-ribosylation factor; small GTPase; ARFA1; structural genomics;
   Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease; SSGCID;
   signaling protein
ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; GENOMICS CENTER; G-PROTEINS; AMEBIASIS; MECHANISM;
   REFINEMENT; REGULATORS; EFFECTORS; GTPASES; FAMILY
AB Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amebiasis, a diarrheal disease which causes amoebic liver abscesses and amoebic colitis. Approximately 50 million people are infected worldwide with E. histolytica. With only 10% of infected people developing symptomatic amebiasis, there are still an estimated 100000 deaths each year. Because of the emergence of resistant strains of the parasite, it is necessary to find a treatment which would be a proper response to this challenge. ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) is a member of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins. These proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells; they generally associate with cell membranes and regulate vesicular traffic and intracellular signalling. The crystal structure of ARF1 from E. histolytica has been determined bound to magnesium and GDP at 1.8 angstrom resolution. Comparison with other structures of eukaryotic ARF proteins shows a highly conserved structure and supports the interswitch toggle mechanism of communicating the conformational state to partner proteins.
C1 [Serbzhinskiy, Dmitry A.; Clifton, Matthew C.; Staker, Bart L.; Edwards, Thomas E.; Myler, Peter J.] SSGCID, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
   [Serbzhinskiy, Dmitry A.; Staker, Bart L.; Myler, Peter J.] Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
   [Clifton, Matthew C.; Edwards, Thomas E.] Beryllium West Coast Operat, Bainbridge Isl, WA 98110 USA.
   [Sankaran, Banumathi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Ctr Struct Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Myler, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Myler, Peter J.] Univ Washington, Dept Med Educ & Biomed Informat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Serbzhinskiy, DA (reprint author), SSGCID, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
EM dmitry.serbzhinskiy@seattlebiomed.org
FU Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
   Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human
   Services [HHSN272201200025C]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors wish to thank the entire SSGCID team. This project has been
   funded in whole with Federal funds from the National Institute of
   Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
   Department of Health and Human Services under Contract No.
   HHSN272201200025C. We also wish to thank the Advanced Light Source,
   which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1744-3091
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F
JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Commun.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
SI SI
BP 594
EP 599
DI 10.1107/S2053230X15004677
PN 5
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biophysics; Crystallography
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography
GA CH9TC
UT WOS:000354378200015
PM 25945714
ER

PT J
AU Fulgoni, VL
   Keast, DR
   Lieberman, HR
AF Fulgoni, Victor L., III
   Keast, Debra R.
   Lieberman, Harris R.
TI Trends in intake and sources of caffeine in the diets of US adults:
   2001-2010
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE NHANES; coffee; tea; energy drinks; usual intake; beverages
ID COFFEE CONSUMPTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; METAANALYSIS;
   MORTALITY; CHILDREN; STRESS; ENERGY; COHORT
AB Background: Coffee and tea are traditional sources of caffeine in the diet, but other sources, such as energy drinks, are now available. Because risks and benefits of caffeine use are dose dependent, the public health consequences of caffeine consumption cannot be determined without data on amounts currently consumed by the US population.
   Objective: The objective was to obtain an up-to-date, nationally representative estimate of caffeine consumption in adults.
   Design: Dietary intake data from NHANES from 2001 to 2010 for adults >= 19 y of age were used (n = 24,808). Acute and usual intake of caffeine was estimated from all caffeine-containing foods and beverages. Trends in consumption and changes in sources of caffeine were also examined.
   Results: Eighty-nine percent of the adult US population consumed caffeine, with equal prevalence in men and women. Usual mean +/- SE per capita caffeine consumption when nonusers were included was 186 +/- 4 mg/d, with men consuming more than women (211 +/- 5 vs. 161 +/- 3 mg/d, P < 0.05). Usual intake in consumers was 211 +/- 3 mg/d, with 240 +/- 4 mg/d in men and 183 +/- 3 mg/d in women (P < 0.05); 46% was consumed in a single consumption event. In consumers, acute 90th and 99th percentiles of intake were 436 and 1066 mg/d, respectively. Consumption was highest in men aged 31-50 y and lowest in women aged 19-30 y. Beverages provided 98% of caffeine consumed, with coffee (similar to 64%), tea (similar to 16%), and soft drinks (similar to 18%) predominant sources; energy drinks provided <1%, but their consumption increased substantially from 2001 to 2010.
   Conclusions: Although new caffeine-containing products were introduced into the US food supply, total per capita intake was stable over the period examined.
C1 [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA.
   [Fulgoni, Victor L., III; Keast, Debra R.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Belcamp, MD USA.
   [Keast, Debra R.] Food & Nutr Database Res Inc, Okemos, MI USA.
   [Lieberman, Harris R.] US Army Res Inst Environm Med, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA USA.
RP Fulgoni, VL (reprint author), Nutr Impact LLC, 9725 D Dr North, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA.
EM vic3rd@aol.com
FU US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; Department of Defense
   Center Alliance for Dietary Supplement Research
FX Supported by the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and the
   Department of Defense Center Alliance for Dietary Supplement Research.
NR 32
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 5
U2 31
PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0002-9165
EI 1938-3207
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 101
IS 5
BP 1081
EP 1087
DI 10.3945/ajcn.113.080077
PG 7
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA CH5KS
UT WOS:000354075100023
PM 25832334
ER

PT J
AU Rubin, D
   Aldering, G
   Amanullah, R
   Barbary, K
   Dawson, KS
   Deustua, S
   Faccioli, L
   Fadeyev, V
   Fakhouri, HK
   Fruchter, AS
   Gladders, MD
   de Jong, RS
   Koekemoer, A
   Krechmer, E
   Lidman, C
   Meyers, J
   Nordin, J
   Perlmutter, S
   Ripoche, P
   Schlegel, DJ
   Spadafora, A
   Suzuki, N
AF Rubin, D.
   Aldering, G.
   Amanullah, R.
   Barbary, K.
   Dawson, K. S.
   Deustua, S.
   Faccioli, L.
   Fadeyev, V.
   Fakhouri, H. K.
   Fruchter, A. S.
   Gladders, M. D.
   de Jong, R. S.
   Koekemoer, A.
   Krechmer, E.
   Lidman, C.
   Meyers, J.
   Nordin, J.
   Perlmutter, S.
   Ripoche, P.
   Schlegel, D. J.
   Spadafora, A.
   Suzuki, N.
TI A CALIBRATION OF NICMOS CAMERA 2 FOR LOW COUNT RATES
SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE supernovae: general; techniques: photometric
ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EXTRAGALACTIC LEGACY SURVEY; ORIGINS DEEP
   SURVEY; GOODS-SOUTH FIELD; IA SUPERNOVAE; GALAXY CLUSTER; DARK-ENERGY;
   SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; MASSIVE CLUSTER; REDSHIFT SURVEY
AB NICMOS 2 observations are crucial for constraining distances to most of the existing sample of z > 1 SNe Ia. Unlike conventional calibration programs, these observations involve long exposure times and low count rates. Reciprocity failure is known to exist in HgCdTe devices and a correction for this effect has already been implemented for high and medium count rates. However, observations at faint count rates rely on extrapolations. Here instead, we provide a new zero-point calibration directly applicable to faint sources. This is obtained via inter-calibration of NIC2 F110W/F160W with the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) in the low count-rate regime using z similar to 1 elliptical galaxies as tertiary calibrators. These objects have relatively simple near-IR spectral energy distributions, uniform colors, and their extended nature gives a superior signal-to-noise ratio at the same count rate than would stars. The use of extended objects also allows greater tolerances on point-spread function profiles. We find space telescope magnitude zero points (after the installation of the NICMOS cooling system, NCS) of 25.296 +/- 0.022 for F110W and 25.803 +/- 0.023 for F160W, both in agreement with the calibration extrapolated from count rates greater than or similar to 1000 times larger (25.262 and 25.799). Before the installation of the NCS, we find 24.843 +/- 0.025 for F110W and 25.498 +/- 0.021 for F160W, also in agreement with the high-count-rate calibration (24.815 and 25.470). We also check the standard bandpasses of WFC3 and NICMOS 2 using a range of stars and galaxies at different colors and find mild tension for WFC3, limiting the accuracy of the zero points. To avoid human bias, our cross-calibration was "blinded" in that the fitted zero-point differences were hidden until the analysis was finalized.
C1 [Rubin, D.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
   [Aldering, G.; Barbary, K.; Fakhouri, H. K.; Nordin, J.; Perlmutter, S.; Schlegel, D. J.; Spadafora, A.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Amanullah, R.] Univ Stockholm, AlbaNova, Dept Phys, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
   [Dawson, K. S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Deustua, S.; Fruchter, A. S.; Koekemoer, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   [Faccioli, L.] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Faccioli, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China.
   [Fadeyev, V.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA.
   [Fakhouri, H. K.; Krechmer, E.; Perlmutter, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Gladders, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Gladders, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [de Jong, R. S.] Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany.
   [Lidman, C.] Australian Astron Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia.
   [Meyers, J.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Nordin, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Ripoche, P.] Google, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
   [Suzuki, N.] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan.
RP Rubin, D (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
OI Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048
FU NASA from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO/DD-11799,
   GO/DD-12051]; Office of Science, Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA [NAS 5-26555]
FX Financial support for this work was provided by NASA through programs
   GO/DD-11799 and GO/DD-12051 from the Space Telescope Science Institute,
   which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This
   work was also partially supported by the Director, Office of Science,
   Department of Energy, under grant DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research has
   made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is
   operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
   Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space
   Administration. We thank the anonymous referee for feedback that
   improved this work.
NR 60
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0004-6256
EI 1538-3881
J9 ASTRON J
JI Astron. J.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 149
IS 5
AR 159
DI 10.1088/0004-6256/149/5/159
PG 15
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA CH5HC
UT WOS:000354065200010
ER

PT J
AU Duman, EA
   Kriaucionis, S
   Dunn, JJ
   Hatchwell, E
AF Duman, Elif Aysimi
   Kriaucionis, Skirmantas
   Dunn, John J.
   Hatchwell, Eli
TI A simple modification to the luminometric methylation assay to control
   for the effects of DNA fragmentation
SO BIOTECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
DE epigenetics; global DNA methylation; luminometric methylation assay; DNA
   integrity
ID GLOBAL DNA; TISSUE
AB Variations in DNA methylation have been implicated in a number of disorders. Changes in global DNA methylation levels have long been associated with various types of cancer. One of the recently described methods for determining global DNA methylation levels is the LUminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA), which utilizes methylation sensitive and insensitive restriction endonucleases and pyrosequencing technology for quantification. Here we provide evidence suggesting that the global methylation level reported by LUMA is affected by the integrity of the DNA being analyzed. The less intact the DNA, the lower the global methylation levels reported by LUMA. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the use of undigested DNA alongside digested samples. Finally, we demonstrate that this results in a more accurate assessment of global DNA methylation levels.
C1 [Duman, Elif Aysimi] Bogazici Univ, Dept Psychol, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Duman, Elif Aysimi] Bogazici Univ, Ctr Life Sci & Technol, Istanbul, Turkey.
   [Kriaucionis, Skirmantas] Univ Oxford, Ludwig Inst Canc Res Ltd, Oxford, England.
   [Dunn, John J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Hatchwell, Eli] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.
RP Duman, EA (reprint author), Bogazici Univ, Dept Psychol, South Campus, Istanbul, Turkey.
EM elif.duman@boun.edu.tr
OI Kriaucionis, Skirmantas/0000-0002-2273-5994
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE
PI NEW YORK
PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA
SN 0736-6205
EI 1940-9818
J9 BIOTECHNIQUES
JI Biotechniques
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 58
IS 5
BP 262
EP 264
DI 10.2144/000114290
PG 3
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA CI0SM
UT WOS:000354448200010
PM 25967906
ER

PT J
AU Kim, TN
   Underwood, N
AF Kim, Tania N.
   Underwood, Nora
TI Plant neighborhood effects on herbivory: damage is both density and
   frequency dependent
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE associational effects; associational resistance; associational
   susceptibility; dilution effects; old-field; resource concentration
   effects; Solanum carolinense; Solidago altissima
ID INSECT HERBIVORES; ASSOCIATIONAL RESISTANCE; VEGETATIONAL DIVERSITY;
   APPARENT COMPETITION; SOLANUM-CAROLINENSE; SOLIDAGO-CANADENSIS; CANADIAN
   WEEDS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DEFENSES; PERFORMANCE
AB Neighboring plants can affect the likelihood that a focal plant is attacked by herbivores. Both the density of conspecific neighbors (resource concentration or dilution effects) and the relative density of heterospecific neighbors (associational effects or effects of neighbor frequency) within the local neighborhood can affect herbivore load and plant damage. Understanding how these neighborhood effects influence processes such as plant competition or natural selection on plant resistance traits will require knowing how both plant density and frequency affect damage, but previous studies have generally confounded density and frequency effects. In this study, we independently manipulated the absolute density and frequency (i.e., relative density) of two plant species (Solanum carolinense and Solidago altissima) to characterize neighborhood composition effects on S. carolinense damage by herbivores, providing the first picture of how both density and frequency of neighbors influence damage in a single system. We found both a positive effect of S. carolinense density on S. carolinense damage (a resource concentration effect) and a nonlinear effect of S. altissima frequency on S. carolinense damage (associational susceptibility). If these types of patterns are common in nature, future studies seeking to understand neighborhood effects on damage need to incorporate both density and frequency effects and capture any nonlinear effects by selecting a range of values rather than focusing on only a pair of densities or frequencies. This type of data on neighborhood effects will allow us to understand the contribution of neighborhood effects to population- level processes such as competition, the evolution of plant resistance to herbivores, and yield gains in agricultural crop mixtures.
C1 [Kim, Tania N.; Underwood, Nora] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Kim, TN (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
EM tkim@glbrc.wisc.edu
FU Robert K. Godfrey award in Botany; NSF [DEB-0717221]
FX We thank B. D. Inouye, B. J. Spiesman, T. E. Miller, A. A. Winn, and two
   anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the
   manuscript. We also thank the staff at the Mission Road Research
   Facilities at Florida State University for logistical support. This
   research was supported by the Robert K. Godfrey award in Botany to T. N.
   Kim and NSF DEB-0717221 to N. Underwood.
NR 38
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 10
U2 58
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0012-9658
EI 1939-9170
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 96
IS 5
BP 1431
EP 1437
DI 10.1890/14-1097.1
PG 7
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CH6BB
UT WOS:000354119300026
PM 26236855
ER

PT J
AU Brooks, JN
   Elder, JD
   McLean, AG
   Rudakov, DL
   Stangeby, PC
   Wampler, WR
AF Brooks, J. N.
   Elder, J. D.
   McLean, A. G.
   Rudakov, D. L.
   Stangeby, P. C.
   Wampler, W. R.
TI Analysis of a tungsten sputtering experiment in DIII-D and code/data
   validation of high redeposition/reduced erosion
SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
LA English
DT Article
DE Sputtering; Erosion/redeposition; Tungsten divertor; Plasma material
   interaction modeling
ID DIVERTOR
AB We analyze a DIII-D tokamak experiment where two tungsten spots on the removable DiMES divertor probe were exposed to 12 s of attached plasma conditions, with moderate strike point temperature and density (similar to 20 eV, similar to 4.5 x 10(19) m(-3)), and 3% carbon impurity content. Both very small (1 mm diameter) and small (I cm diameter) deposited samples were used for assessing gross and net tungsten sputtering erosion. The analysis uses a 3-D erosion/redeposition code package (REDEP/WBC), with input from a diagnostic-calibrated near-surface plasma code (OEDGE), and with focus on charge state resolved impinging carbon ion flux and energy. The tungsten surfaces are primarily sputtered by the carbon, in charge states +1 10 +4. We predict high redeposition (similar to 75%) of sputtered tungsten on the 1 cm spot with consequent reduced net erosion and this agrees well with post-exposure DiMES probe RBS analysis data. This study and recent related work is encouraging for erosion lifetime and non-contamination performance of tokamak reactor high-Z plasma facing components. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Brooks, J. N.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Elder, J. D.; Stangeby, P. C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   [McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
   [Rudakov, D. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
   [Wampler, W. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Brooks, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
EM brooksjn@purdue.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science/Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences; DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user
   facility [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917,
   DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science/Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, in part using the DIII-D
   National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under
   Awards DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, and
   DE-AC04-94AL85000. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program
   laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned
   subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of
   Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract
   DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0920-3796
EI 1873-7196
J9 FUSION ENG DES
JI Fusion Eng. Des.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 94
BP 67
EP 71
DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.03.022
PG 5
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH6LG
UT WOS:000354147500009
ER

PT J
AU Elrick-Barr, CE
   Smith, TF
   Thomsen, DC
   Preston, BL
AF Elrick-Barr, Carmen E.
   Smith, Timothy F.
   Thomsen, Dana C.
   Preston, Benjamin L.
TI Perceptions of Risk among Households in Two Australian Coastal
   Communities
SO GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; adaptation; vulnerable; environment; hazard
ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS; ADAPTATION;
   VULNERABILITY; RESPONSES; SUSTAINABILITY; STRATEGIES; RESOURCES;
   ATTITUDES
AB There is limited knowledge of risk perceptions in coastal communities despite their vulnerability to a range of risks including the impacts of climate change. A survey of 400 households in two Australian coastal communities, combined with semi-structured interviews, provides insight into household perceptions of the relative importance of climatic and non-climatic risks and the subsequent risk priorities that may inform household adaptive action. In contrast to previous research, the results demonstrated that geographic location and household characteristics might not affect perceptions of vulnerability to environmental hazards. However, past experience was a significant influence, raising the priority of environmental concerns. Overall, the results highlight the priority concerns of coastal households (from finance, to health and environment) and suggest to increase the profile of climate issues in coastal communities climate change strategies need to better demonstrate links between climate vulnerability and other household concerns. Furthermore, promoting generic capacities in isolation from understanding the context in which households construe climate risks is unlikely to yield the changes required to decrease the vulnerability of coastal communities.
C1 [Elrick-Barr, Carmen E.; Smith, Timothy F.; Thomsen, Dana C.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabil Res Ctr, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia.
   [Preston, Benjamin L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Elrick-Barr, CE (reprint author), Univ Sunshine Coast, Sustainabil Res Ctr, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia.
EM celrick@usc.edu.au
RI Preston, Benjamin/B-9001-2012
OI Preston, Benjamin/0000-0002-7966-2386
FU Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP1093583]
FX This research was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC)
   through the project 'Community Vulnerability and Extreme Events:
   Development of a Typology of Coastal Settlement Vulnerability to Aid
   Adaptation Strategies' (DP1093583).
NR 82
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 14
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1745-5863
EI 1745-5871
J9 GEOGR RES-AUST
JI Geogr. Res.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 53
IS 2
BP 145
EP 159
DI 10.1111/1745-5871.12106
PG 15
WC Geography
SC Geography
GA CH4DY
UT WOS:000353983700005
ER

PT J
AU Bandilla, KW
   Celia, MA
   Birkholzer, JT
   Cihan, A
   Leister, EC
AF Bandilla, Karl W.
   Celia, Michael A.
   Birkholzer, Jens T.
   Cihan, Abdullah
   Leister, Evan C.
TI Multiphase Modeling of Geologic Carbon Sequestration in Saline Aquifers
SO GROUNDWATER
LA English
DT Review
ID CO2 STORAGE; POROUS-MEDIA; INVASION PERCOLATION; RESERVOIR
   CHARACTERIZATION; ILLINOIS BASIN; NORTH-SEA; INJECTION; MIGRATION;
   SLEIPNER; SIMULATION
AB Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is being considered as a climate change mitigation option in many future energy scenarios. Mathematical modeling is routinely used to predict subsurface CO2 and resident brine migration for the design of injection operations, to demonstrate the permanence of CO2 storage, and to show that other subsurface resources will not be degraded. Many processes impact the migration of CO2 and brine, including multiphase flow dynamics, geochemistry, and geomechanics, along with the spatial distribution of parameters such as porosity and permeability. In this article, we review a set of multiphase modeling approaches with different levels of conceptual complexity that have been used to model GCS. Model complexity ranges from coupled multiprocess models to simplified vertical equilibrium (VE) models and macroscopic invasion percolation models. The goal of this article is to give a framework of conceptual model complexity, and to show the types of modeling approaches that have been used to address specific GCS questions. Application of the modeling approaches is shown using five ongoing or proposed CO2 injection sites. For the selected sites, the majority of GCS models follow a simplified multiphase approach, especially for questions related to injection and local-scale heterogeneity. Coupled multiprocess models are only applied in one case where geomechanics have a strong impact on the flow. Owing to their computational efficiency, VE models tend to be applied at large scales. A macroscopic invasion percolation approach was used to predict the CO2 migration at one site to examine details of CO2 migration under the caprock.
C1 [Bandilla, Karl W.; Celia, Michael A.; Leister, Evan C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Birkholzer, Jens T.; Cihan, Abdullah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bandilla, KW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM bandilla@princeton.edu
RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Cihan, Abdullah/D-3704-2015
OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; 
FU Department of Energy [DE-FE009563]; National Science Foundation
   [EAR-0934722]; Environmental Protection Agency [RD-83438501]; Carbon
   Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; Assistant Secretary for
   Fossil Energy, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels,
   through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the USDOE
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy under Award
   No. DE-FE009563; the National Science Foundation under Grant
   EAR-0934722; the Environmental Protection Agency under Cooperative
   Agreement RD-83438501; and the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton
   University. Funding to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was
   provided by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of
   Sequestration, Hydrogen, and Clean Coal Fuels, through the National
   Energy Technology Laboratory, under the USDOE contract
   DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 92
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 31
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0017-467X
EI 1745-6584
J9 GROUNDWATER
JI Groundwater
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 53
IS 3
BP 362
EP 377
DI 10.1111/gwat.12315
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA CH6CQ
UT WOS:000354123800005
PM 25662534
ER

PT J
AU Bianchi, M
   Liu, HH
   Birkholzer, JT
AF Bianchi, Marco
   Liu, Hui-Hai
   Birkholzer, Jens T.
TI Radionuclide Transport Behavior in a Generic Geological Radioactive
   Waste Repository
SO GROUNDWATER
LA English
DT Article
ID EXCAVATION DAMAGED ZONE; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; MEUSE/HAUTE-MARNE;
   POROUS-MEDIA; BOOM CLAY; DIFFUSION; ROCK; BOREHOLES; DISPOSAL; POROSITY
AB We performed numerical simulations of groundwater flow and radionuclide transport to study the influence of several factors, including the ambient hydraulic gradient, groundwater pressure anomalies, and the properties of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ), on the prevailing transport mechanism (i.e., advection or molecular diffusion) in a generic nuclear waste repository within a clay-rich geological formation. By comparing simulation results, we show that the EDZ plays a major role as a preferential flowpath for radionuclide transport. When the EDZ is not taken into account, transport is dominated by molecular diffusion in almost the totality of the simulated domain, and transport velocity is about 40% slower. Modeling results also show that a reduction in hydraulic gradient leads to a greater predominance of diffusive transport, slowing down radionuclide transport by about 30% with respect to a scenario assuming a unit gradient. In addition, inward flow caused by negative pressure anomalies in the clay-rich formation further reduces transport velocity, enhancing the ability of the geological barrier to contain the radioactive waste. On the other hand, local high gradients associated with positive pressure anomalies can speed up radionuclide transport with respect to steady-state flow systems having the same regional hydraulic gradients. Transport behavior was also found to be sensitive to both geometrical and hydrogeological parameters of the EDZ. Results from this work can provide useful knowledge toward correctly assessing the post-closure safety of a geological disposal system.
C1 [Bianchi, Marco; Liu, Hui-Hai; Birkholzer, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Bianchi, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mbianchi@lbl.gov
RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011
OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912
FU Used Fuel Disposition Campaign, Office of Nuclear Energy, of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
FX Funding for this work was provided by the Used Fuel Disposition
   Campaign, Office of Nuclear Energy, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   under Contract Number DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the Lawrence Berkeley
   National Lab. We also thank three anonymous reviewers and the associate
   editor for helpful comments and suggestions in improving the content of
   this paper.
NR 39
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0017-467X
EI 1745-6584
J9 GROUNDWATER
JI Groundwater
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 53
IS 3
BP 440
EP 451
DI 10.1111/gwat.12171
PG 12
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA CH6CQ
UT WOS:000354123800012
PM 24571606
ER

PT J
AU Malama, B
   Kuhlman, KL
AF Malama, Bwalya
   Kuhlman, Kristopher L.
TI Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity Models Based on Truncated Lognormal
   Pore-Size Distributions
SO GROUNDWATER
LA English
DT Article
AB We develop a closed-form three-parameter model for unsaturated hydraulic conductivity associated with the Kosugi three-parameter lognormal moisture retention model. The model derivation uses a slight modification to Mualem's theory, which is nearly exact for nonclay soils. Kosugi's three-parameter lognormal moisture retention model uses physically meaningful parameters, but a corresponding closed-form relative hydraulic conductivitymodel has never been developed. The model is further extended to a four-parameter model by truncating the underlying pore-size distribution at physically permissible minimum and maximum pore radii. The proposed closed-form models are fitted to well-known experimental data to illustrate their utility. They have the same physical basis as Kosugi's two-parameter model, but are more general.
C1 [Malama, Bwalya] Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA.
   [Kuhlman, Kristopher L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Appl Syst Anal & Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Malama, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment Dept, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA.
EM bnmalam@sandia.gov
OI Kuhlman, Kristopher/0000-0003-3397-3653
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and
   operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed
   Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear
   Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0017-467X
EI 1745-6584
J9 GROUNDWATER
JI Groundwater
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 53
IS 3
BP 498
EP 502
DI 10.1111/gwat.12220
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Geology; Water Resources
GA CH6CQ
UT WOS:000354123800018
PM 24842226
ER

PT J
AU Sydoruk, O
   Choonee, K
   Dyer, GC
AF Sydoruk, Oleksiy
   Choonee, Kaushal
   Dyer, Gregory C.
TI Transmission and Reflection of Terahertz Plasmons in Two-Dimensional
   Plasmonic Devices
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Mode decomposition; plasmon; two-dimensional channel; 2DEG
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; INVERSION-LAYERS; ELECTRON-GAS; WAVE-GUIDE;
   GENERATION; INSTABILITY; EXCITATION; RADIATION; GAAS
AB Plasmons in two-dimensional semiconductor devices will be reflected by discontinuities, notably, junctions between gated and non-gated electron channels. The transmitted and reflected plasmons can form spatially- and frequency-varying signals, and their understanding is important for the design of terahertz detectors, oscillators, and plasmonic crystals. Using mode decomposition, we studied terahertz plasmons incident on a junction between a gated and a nongated channel. The plasmon reflection and transmission coefficients were found numerically and analytically and studied between 0.3 and 1 THz for a range of electron densities. At higher frequencies, we could describe the plasmons by a simplified model of channels in homogeneous dielectrics, for which the analytical approximations were accurate. At low frequencies, however, the full geometry and mode spectrum had to be taken into account. The results agreed with simulations by the finite-element method. Mode decomposition thus proved to be a powerful method for plasmonic devices, combining the rigor of complete solutions of Maxwell's equations with the convenience of analytical expressions.
C1 [Sydoruk, Oleksiy] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
   [Choonee, Kaushal] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England.
   [Dyer, Gregory C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Sydoruk, O (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England.
EM osydoruk@imperial.ac.uk; kaushal.choonee@npl.co.uk; gcdyer@sandia.gov
FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy's
   National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX This work was supported in part by the DOE Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory
   managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of
   Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's
   National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract
   DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 44
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 4
U2 22
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-342X
J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN
JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 3
SI SI
BP 486
EP 496
DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2405919
PG 11
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA CH3AE
UT WOS:000353897000024
ER

PT J
AU Huang, EY
   Inoue, T
   Leone, VA
   Dalal, S
   Touw, K
   Wang, YW
   Musch, MW
   Theriault, B
   Higuchi, K
   Donovan, S
   Gilbert, J
   Chang, EB
AF Huang, Edmond Y.
   Inoue, Takuya
   Leone, Vanessa A.
   Dalal, Sushila
   Touw, Ketrija
   Wang, Yunwei
   Musch, Mark W.
   Theriault, Betty
   Higuchi, Kazuhide
   Donovan, Sharon
   Gilbert, Jack
   Chang, Eugene B.
TI Using Corticosteroids to Reshape the Gut Microbiome: Implications for
   Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE animal models of IBD; inflammation in IBD; microbiology of IBD; steroids
   in IBD
ID NF-KAPPA-B; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; MICE; MUCIN; BACTERIA;
   COLON; OBESITY; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; DEXAMETHASONE
AB Background:Commensal gut microbiota play an important role in regulating metabolic and inflammatory conditions. Reshaping intestinal microbiota through pharmacologic means may be a viable treatment option. We sought to delineate the functional characteristics of glucocorticoid-mediated alterations on gut microbiota and their subsequent repercussions on host mucin regulation and colonic inflammation.Methods:Adult male C57Bl/6 mice, germ-free, Muc2-heterozygote (), or Muc2-knockout (-/-) were injected with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, for 4 weeks. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis through 16S rRNA terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplicon sequencing. Intestinal mucosa was collected for mucin gene expression studies. Germ-free mice were conventionalized with gut microbes from treated and nontreated groups to determine their functional capacities in recipient hosts.Results:Exposure to dexamethasone in wild-type mice led to substantial shifts in gut microbiota over a 4-week period. Furthermore, a significant downregulation of colonic Muc2 gene expression was observed after treatment. Muc2-knockout mice harbored a proinflammatory environment of gut microbes, characterized by the increase or decrease in prevalence of specific microbiota populations such as Clostridiales and Lactobacillaceae, respectively. This colitogenic phenotype was transmissible to IL10-knockout mice, a genetically susceptible model of colonic inflammatory disorders. Microbiota from donors pretreated with dexamethasone, however, ameliorated symptoms of inflammation.Conclusions:Commensal gut bacteria may be a key mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects observed in the large intestine after glucocorticoid exposure. These findings underscore the notion that intestinal microbes comprise a microbial organ essential for host physiology that can be targeted by therapeutic approaches to restore intestinal homeostasis.
C1 [Huang, Edmond Y.; Leone, Vanessa A.; Dalal, Sushila; Touw, Ketrija; Wang, Yunwei; Musch, Mark W.; Chang, Eugene B.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Knapp Ctr Biomed Discovery, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Inoue, Takuya; Higuchi, Kazuhide] Osaka Med Coll, Dept Internal Med 2, Takatsuki, Osaka 569, Japan.
   [Theriault, Betty] Univ Chicago, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Donovan, Sharon] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack] Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA.
   [Gilbert, Jack] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
RP Chang, EB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Knapp Ctr Biomed Discovery, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
EM echang@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
FU NIDDK Digestive Disease Research Center [DK-42086]; NIH [DK097268, T32
   DK07074, DK47722]; Gastrointestinal Research Foundation; NIDDK
   [UH3DK083993]; Harry and Leone Helmsley Charitable Trust
FX Supported by NIDDK Digestive Disease Research Center DK-42086 (EBC), NIH
   grants DK097268, T32 DK07074, and DK47722 (EBC), the Gastrointestinal
   Research Foundation, NIDDK UH3DK083993 (EBC), and the Harry and Leone
   Helmsley Charitable Trust.
NR 64
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 7
U2 20
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 1078-0998
EI 1536-4844
J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS
JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 21
IS 5
BP 963
EP 972
DI 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000332
PG 10
WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology
GA CH5FU
UT WOS:000354061500003
PM 25738379
ER

PT J
AU Chang, H
   Zhou, Y
   Borowsky, A
   Barner, K
   Spellman, P
   Parvin, B
AF Chang, Hang
   Zhou, Yin
   Borowsky, Alexander
   Barner, Kenneth
   Spellman, Paul
   Parvin, Bahram
TI Stacked Predictive Sparse Decomposition for Classification of Histology
   Sections
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
LA English
DT Article
DE Tissue histology; Classification; Sparse coding; Unsupervised feature
   learning
ID IMAGE CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION; MULTIFORME
AB Image-based classification of histology sections, in terms of distinct components (e.g., tumor, stroma, normal), provides a series of indices for histology composition (e.g., the percentage of each distinct components in histology sections), and enables the study of nuclear properties within each component. Furthermore, the study of these indices, constructed from each whole slide image in a large cohort, has the potential to provide predictive models of clinical outcome. For example, correlations can be established between the constructed indices and the patients' survival information at cohort level, which is a fundamental step towards personalized medicine. However, performance of the existing techniques is hindered as a result of large technical variations (e.g., variations of color/textures in tissue images due to non-standard experimental protocols) and biological heterogeneities (e.g., cell type, cell state) that are always present in a large cohort. We propose a system that automatically learns a series of dictionary elements for representing the underlying spatial distribution using stacked predictive sparse decomposition. The learned representation is then fed into the spatial pyramid matching framework with a linear support vector machine classifier. The system has been evaluated for classification of distinct histological components for two cohorts of tumor types. Throughput has been increased by using of graphical processing unit (GPU), and evaluation indicates a superior performance results, compared with previous research.
C1 [Chang, Hang; Zhou, Yin; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   [Parvin, Bahram] Univ Nevada, Dept Biomed Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
   [Spellman, Paul] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Spatial Syst Biomed, Portland, OR USA.
   [Borowsky, Alexander] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA USA.
   [Barner, Kenneth] Univ Delaware, ECE Dept, Newark, DE USA.
RP Chang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM hchang@lbl.gov; yinzhou@lbl.gov; adborowsky@ucdavis.edu;
   barner@udel.edu; spellmap@ohsu.edu; b_parvin@lbl.gov
FU National Institute of Health (NIH) [U24 CA1437991]; NIH at Lawrence
   Berkeley National Laboratory [R01 CA140663, DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) U24
   CA1437991 and NIH R01 CA140663 carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 43
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 9
PU SPRINGER
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-5691
EI 1573-1405
J9 INT J COMPUT VISION
JI Int. J. Comput. Vis.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 113
IS 1
SI SI
BP 3
EP 18
DI 10.1007/s11263-014-0790-9
PG 16
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
SC Computer Science
GA CH6GX
UT WOS:000354135700002
PM 27721567
ER

PT J
AU Lee, JG
   Borst, M
   Brown, RA
   Rossman, L
   Simon, MA
AF Lee, Joong Gwang
   Borst, Michael
   Brown, Robert A.
   Rossman, Lewis
   Simon, Michelle A.
TI Modeling the Hydrologic Processes of a Permeable Pavement System
SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE Urban stormwater management; Mathematical models; Infiltration;
   Exfiltration; Clogging; Best management practice (BMP); Low impact
   development (LID); Green infrastructure (GI); Permeable pavement
ID GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION; STORMWATER; REDISTRIBUTION; EVOLUTION; SOILS;
   WATER
AB A permeable pavement system can capture stormwater to reduce runoff volume and flow rate, improve onsite groundwater recharge, and enhance pollutant controls within the site. A new unit process model for evaluating the hydrologic processes of a permeable pavement system has been developed in this study. The developed model can continuously simulate infiltration through the permeable pavement surface, exfiltration from the storage to the surrounding in situ soils, and clogging impacts on infiltration/exfiltration capacity at the pavement surface and the bottom of the subsurface storage unit. The exfiltration modeling component simulates vertical and horizontal exfiltration independently based on Darcy's formula with elaborating Green-Ampt approximation. The developed model can be arranged with physically-based modeling parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity, Manning's friction flow parameters, saturated and field capacity volumetric water contents, porosity, and density. The developed model was calibrated using high-frequency observed data. The modeled water depths are well matched with the observed values (R2=0.89; Nash-Sutcliffecoeff.=0.90). The modeling results show that horizontal exfiltration through the side walls of the subsurface storage unit is a prevailing factor in determining the hydrologic performance of the system, especially where the storage unit is developed in a long, narrow shape; or with a high risk of bottom compaction and clogging.
C1 [Lee, Joong Gwang] Ctr Urban Green Infrastruct Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA.
   [Borst, Michael] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
   [Brown, Robert A.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
   [Brown, Robert A.] US EPA, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
   [Rossman, Lewis; Simon, Michelle A.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Lee, JG (reprint author), Ctr Urban Green Infrastruct Engn, 9975 Walnutridge Ct, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA.
EM jglee@ugiengineering.com
NR 47
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 51
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI RESTON
PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA
SN 1084-0699
EI 1943-5584
J9 J HYDROL ENG
JI J. Hydrol. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 20
IS 5
AR 04014070
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001088
PG 12
WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources
GA CH4HU
UT WOS:000353995400014
ER

PT J
AU Mernild, SH
   Holland, DM
   Holland, D
   Rosing-Asvid, A
   Yde, JC
   Liston, GE
   Steffen, K
AF Mernild, Sebastian H.
   Holland, David M.
   Holland, Denise
   Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu
   Yde, Jacob C.
   Liston, Glen E.
   Steffen, Konrad
TI Freshwater Flux and Spatiotemporal Simulated Runoff Variability into
   Ilulissat Icefjord, West Greenland, Linked to Salinity and Temperature
   Observations near Tidewater Glacier Margins Obtained Using Instrumented
   Ringed Seals
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE-TERMINATING GLACIERS; RIVER DISCHARGE SIMULATIONS; ICE-SHEET;
   JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE; AMMASSALIK ISLAND; SE GREENLAND; MASS-BALANCE;
   MITTIVAKKAT GLACIER; OCEAN WATERS; NORTHEAST GREENLAND
AB The distribution of terrestrial surface runoff to Ilulissat Icefjord, west Greenland, is simulated for the period 2009-13 to better emphasize the spatiotemporal variability in freshwater flux and the link between runoff spikes and observed hydrographic conditions at theGreenland Ice Sheet tidewater glacier margins. Runoffmodel simulations were forced with automatic weather station data and verified against snow water equivalent depth, equilibrium line altitude, and quasi-continuous salinity and temperature observations obtained by ringed seals. Instrumented seals provide a novel platform to examine the otherwise inaccessible waters beneath the dense ice melange within the first 0-10 km of the calving front. The estimated mean freshwater flux from land was 70.6 +/- 4.2 km(3) yr(-1), with an 85% contribution of ice discharge from Jakobshavn Isbrae (also known as SermeqKujalleq), 14% from runoff, and the remaining 1% from precipitation on the fjord surface area, subglacial geothermal melting, and frictional melting due to basal ice motion. Runoff was simulated to be present from May to November and to vary spatially according to glacier cover and individual catchment size. Salinity and temperature observations correlate (significantly) with simulated runoff for the upper part of both the main fjord and southern fjord arm. Also, at the tidewater glacier margins in the northern and southern arm of Ilulissat Icefjord, salinity changes in the upper water column (upper 50 m) are significant after temporal spikes in runoff during late summer, while small-amplitude runoff variability during the recession of runoff did not create a clear signal in observed salinity variability. Also, in the southern arm near the glacier margin (between 100- and 150-m depth), the heterogeneous distribution in salinity could be because of the mixing of meltwater going upward from passing the grounding line. The effect of runoff spikes on observed salinity is less pronounced near the ice margin of Jakobshavn Isbrae than in the north and south arms.
C1 [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Ctr Estudios Cient, Glaciol & Climate Change Lab, Ctr Sci Studies, Valdivia 5110466, Chile.
   [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean Sea Ice Modeling Grp Computat Phys, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Holland, David M.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA.
   [Holland, David M.; Holland, Denise] New York Univ Abu Dhabi, Ctr Global Sea Level Change, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.
   [Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk, Greenland.
   [Yde, Jacob C.] Sogn og Fjordane Univ Coll, Sogndal, Norway.
   [Liston, Glen E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
   [Steffen, Konrad] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmosphere & Climate, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Steffen, Konrad] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Architecture Civil & Environm Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland.
RP Mernild, SH (reprint author), Ctr Estudios Cient, Glaciol & Climate Change Lab, Ctr Sci Studies, Ave Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia 5110466, Chile.
EM smernild@gmail.com
RI Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; 
OI Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Yde, Jacob
   Clement/0000-0002-6211-2601
FU Earth System Modeling program of the Office of Biological and
   Environmental Research within the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of
   Science; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi under the
   Center for Global Sea-Level Change (CSLC) [G1204]
FX We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. We
   thank the Danish Meteorological Institute, Greenland Climate Network
   (GC-Net), and New York University for providing meteorological data for
   this study. Ian Joughin is acknowledged for providing information about
   the satellite-derived locations of the Jakobshavn Isbrae terminus in
   mid/late summer 2009-13. The beginning of this work came out of two
   visits to New York University [February 2011 (2 weeks) and January 2012
   (1 week)], supported by the Earth System Modeling program of the Office
   of Biological and Environmental Research within the U.S. Department of
   Energy's Office of Science, while S.H.M. was working at Los Alamos
   National Laboratory. Otherwise, this study has been funded entirely by
   New York University and New York University Abu Dhabi under the Center
   for Global Sea-Level Change (CSLC) Grant G1204. Request of
   spatiotemporal simulated runoff data should be addressed to the first
   author.
NR 73
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 45
IS 5
BP 1426
EP 1445
DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0217.1
PG 20
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA CH9QK
UT WOS:000354370700013
ER

PT J
AU Alonso-Mori, R
   Sokaras, D
   Zhu, DL
   Kroll, T
   Chollet, M
   Feng, YP
   Glownia, JM
   Kern, J
   Lemke, HT
   Nordlund, D
   Robert, A
   Sikorski, M
   Song, S
   Weng, TC
   Bergmann, U
AF Alonso-Mori, Roberto
   Sokaras, Dimosthenis
   Zhu, Diling
   Kroll, Thomas
   Chollet, Mathieu
   Feng, Yiping
   Glownia, James M.
   Kern, Jan
   Lemke, Henrik T.
   Nordlund, Dennis
   Robert, Aymeric
   Sikorski, Marcin
   Song, Sanghoon
   Weng, Tsu-Chien
   Bergmann, Uwe
TI Photon-in photon-out hard X-ray spectroscopy at the Linac Coherent Light
   Source
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE FEL; hard X-ray emission spectroscopy; XES; XRS
ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; RESOLUTION FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC
   WATER OXIDATION; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY;
   RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MN4CA CLUSTER; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY;
   COORDINATION-COMPLEXES; SCATTERING
AB X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) have opened unprecedented possibilities to study the structure and dynamics of matter at an atomic level and ultra-fast timescale. Many of the techniques routinely used at storage ring facilities are being adapted for experiments conducted at FELs. In order to take full advantage of these new sources several challenges have to be overcome. They are related to the very different source characteristics and its resulting impact on sample delivery, X-ray optics, X-ray detection and data acquisition. Here it is described how photon-in photon-out hard X-ray spectroscopy techniques can be applied to study the electronic structure and its dynamics of transition metal systems with ultra-bright and ultra-short FEL X-ray pulses. In particular, some of the experimental details that are different compared with synchrotron-based setups are discussed and illustrated by recent measurements performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source.
C1 [Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Zhu, Diling; Kroll, Thomas; Chollet, Mathieu; Feng, Yiping; Glownia, James M.; Kern, Jan; Lemke, Henrik T.; Robert, Aymeric; Sikorski, Marcin; Song, Sanghoon; Bergmann, Uwe] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Sokaras, Dimosthenis; Nordlund, Dennis; Weng, Tsu-Chien] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Kern, Jan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Alonso-Mori, R (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM robertoa@slac.stanford.edu
RI Kroll, Thomas/D-3636-2009; Nordlund, Dennis/A-8902-2008; Lemke, Henrik
   Till/N-7419-2016
OI Nordlund, Dennis/0000-0001-9524-6908; Lemke, Henrik
   Till/0000-0003-1577-8643
FU Human Frontier Science Program [RCP0063/2013]
FX TK acknowledges financial support by the Human Frontier Science Program
   under award RCP0063/2013. We thank Terry Anderson and Gregory Stewart
   for helping with the figures. Portions of this research were carried out
   at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National
   Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an Office of Science User Facility
   operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford
   University.
NR 66
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 5
U2 31
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 612
EP 620
DI 10.1107/S1600577515004488
PN 3
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300023
PM 25931076
ER

PT J
AU Feng, Y
   Alonso-Mori, R
   Barends, TRM
   Blank, VD
   Botha, S
   Chollet, M
   Damiani, DS
   Doak, RB
   Glownia, JM
   Koglin, JM
   Lemke, HT
   Messerschmidt, M
   Nass, K
   Nelson, S
   Schlichting, I
   Shoeman, RL
   Shvyd'ko, YV
   Sikorski, M
   Song, S
   Stoupin, S
   Terentyev, S
   Williams, GJ
   Zhu, D
   Robert, A
   Boutet, S
AF Feng, Y.
   Alonso-Mori, R.
   Barends, T. R. M.
   Blank, V. D.
   Botha, S.
   Chollet, M.
   Damiani, D. S.
   Doak, R. B.
   Glownia, J. M.
   Koglin, J. M.
   Lemke, H. T.
   Messerschmidt, M.
   Nass, K.
   Nelson, S.
   Schlichting, I.
   Shoeman, R. L.
   Shvyd'ko, Yu. V.
   Sikorski, M.
   Song, S.
   Stoupin, S.
   Terentyev, S.
   Williams, G. J.
   Zhu, D.
   Robert, A.
   Boutet, S.
TI Demonstration of simultaneous experiments using thin crystal
   multiplexing at the Linac Coherent Light Source
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE FEL; X-ray; multiplexing; diamond; thin-crystal
ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; X-RAY; STATION BEAMLINE; INSTRUMENT; REFLECTIVITY;
   SPECTROSCOPY; SOFTWARE; DYNAMICS; DIAMONDS; OPTICS
AB Multiplexing of the Linac Coherent Light Source beam was demonstrated for hard X-rays by spectral division using a near-perfect diamond thin-crystal monochromator operating in the Bragg geometry. The wavefront and coherence properties of both the reflected and transmitted beams were well preserved, thus allowing simultaneous measurements at two separate instruments. In this report, the structure determination of a prototypical protein was performed using serial femtosecond crystallography simultaneously with a femtosecond time-resolved XANES studies of photoexcited spin transition dynamics in an iron spin-crossover system. The results of both experiments using the multiplexed beams are similar to those obtained separately, using a dedicated beam, with no significant differences in quality.
C1 [Feng, Y.; Alonso-Mori, R.; Chollet, M.; Damiani, D. S.; Glownia, J. M.; Koglin, J. M.; Lemke, H. T.; Messerschmidt, M.; Nelson, S.; Sikorski, M.; Song, S.; Williams, G. J.; Zhu, D.; Robert, A.; Boutet, S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Barends, T. R. M.; Botha, S.; Doak, R. B.; Nass, K.; Schlichting, I.; Shoeman, R. L.] Max Planck Inst Med Res, D-69120 Heidelberg 1, Germany.
   [Blank, V. D.; Terentyev, S.] Technol Inst Superhard & Novel Carbon Mat, Troitsk, Russia.
   [Shvyd'ko, Yu. V.; Stoupin, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Feng, Y (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
EM yfeng@slac.stanford.edu
RI Messerschmidt, Marc/F-3796-2010; Lemke, Henrik Till/N-7419-2016
OI Messerschmidt, Marc/0000-0002-8641-3302; Lemke, Henrik
   Till/0000-0003-1577-8643
NR 58
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 9
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 626
EP 633
DI 10.1107/S1600577515003999
PN 3
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300025
PM 25931078
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, F
   Allen, AJ
   Levine, LE
   Mancini, DC
   Ilavsky, J
AF Zhang, Fan
   Allen, Andrew J.
   Levine, Lyle E.
   Mancini, Derrick C.
   Ilavsky, Jan
TI Simultaneous multiplexed materials characterization using a
   high-precision hard X-ray micro-slit array
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE measurement-in-parallel; simultaneous in operando characterization;
   heterogeneous structure; uncertainty reduction; multiplexed materials
   characterization
ID PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS; SCATTERING
   FUNCTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DENTAL COMPOSITES; DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION;
   INSTRUMENT; SPECKLE; SPHERES
AB The needs both for increased experimental throughput and for in operando characterization of functional materials under increasingly realistic experimental conditions have emerged as major challenges across the whole of crystallography. A novel measurement scheme that allows multiplexed simultaneous measurements from multiple nearby sample volumes is presented. This new approach enables better measurement statistics or direct probing of heterogeneous structure, dynamics or elemental composition. To illustrate, the submicrometer precision that optical lithography provides has been exploited to create a multiplexed form of ultra-small-angle scattering based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (USAXS-XPCS) using micro-slit arrays fabricated by photolithography. Multiplexed USAXS-XPCS is applied to follow the equilibrium dynamics of a simple colloidal suspension. While the dependence of the relaxation time on momentum transfer, and its relationship with the diffusion constant and the static structure factor, follow previous findings, this measurements-in-parallel approach reduces the statistical uncertainties of this photon-starved technique to below those associated with the instrument resolution. More importantly, we note the potential of the multiplexed scheme to elucidate the response of different components of a heterogeneous sample under identical experimental conditions in simultaneous measurements. In the context of the X-ray synchrotron community, this scheme is, in principle, applicable to all in-line synchrotron techniques. Indeed, it has the potential to open a new paradigm for in operando characterization of heterogeneous functional materials, a situation that will be even further enhanced by the ongoing development of multi-bend achromat storage ring designs as the next evolution of large-scale X-ray synchrotron facilities around the world.
C1 [Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   [Mancini, Derrick C.] IIT, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA.
   [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM fan.zhang@nist.gov
RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013
OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900
FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-1346572]; US
   DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX We thank Ralu Divan and Christina Suzanne Miller for their assistance in
   the fabrication of the slit arrays and Maureen Williams for her generous
   help in the SEM characterization of the slit arrays. ChemMatCARS Sector
   15 is principally supported by the National Science
   Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-1346572. Use
   of the Advanced Photon Source and the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
   Office of Science User Facilities operated for the US Department of
   Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was
   supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0909-0495
EI 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 653
EP 660
DI 10.1107/S1600577515005378
PN 3
PG 8
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300028
PM 25931081
ER

PT J
AU Yashchuk, VV
   Morrison, GY
   Marcus, MA
   Domning, EE
   Merthe, DJ
   Salmassi, F
   Smith, BV
AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V.
   Morrison, Gregory Y.
   Marcus, Matthew A.
   Domning, Edward E.
   Merthe, Daniel J.
   Salmassi, Farhad
   Smith, Brian V.
TI Performance optimization of a bendable parabolic cylinder collimating
   X-ray mirror for the ALS micro-XAS beamline 10.3.2
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE X-ray mirrors; bendable mirrors; at-wavelength metrology; optimal
   surface shaping
AB The Advanced Light Source (ALS) beamline (BL) 10.3.2 is an apparatus for X-ray microprobe spectroscopy and diffraction experiments, operating in the energy range 2.4-17 keV. The performance of the beamline, namely the spatial and energy resolutions of the measurements, depends significantly on the collimation quality of light incident on the monochromator. In the BL 10.3.2 end-station, the synchrotron source is imaged 1:1 onto a set of roll slits which form a virtual source. The light from this source is collimated in the vertical direction by a bendable parabolic cylinder mirror. Details are presented of the mirror design, which allows for precision assembly, alignment and shaping of the mirror, as well as for extending of the mirror operating lifetime by a factor of similar to 10. Assembly, mirror optimal shaping and preliminary alignment were performed ex situ in the ALS X-ray Optics Laboratory (XROL). Using an original method for optimal ex situ characterization and setting of bendable X-ray optics developed at the XROL, a root-mean-square (RMS) residual surface slope error of 0.31 mrad with respect to the desired parabola, and an RMS residual height error of less than 3 nm were achieved. Once in place at the beamline, deviations from the designed optical geometry (e.g. due to the tolerances for setting the distance to the virtual source, the grazing incidence angle, the transverse position) and/or mirror shape (e.g. due to a heat load deformation) may appear. Due to the errors, on installation the energy spread from the monochromator is typically a few electron-volts. Here, a new technique developed and successfully implemented for at-wavelength (in situ) fine optimal tuning of the mirror, enabling us to reduce the collimation-induced energy spread to similar to 0.05 eV, is described.
C1 [Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Marcus, Matthew A.; Merthe, Daniel J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Morrison, Gregory Y.; Domning, Edward E.; Smith, Brian V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Salmassi, Farhad] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, One Cyclotron Rd,MS 15R0317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM vvyashchuk@lbl.gov
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Science
   Division, of the US Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Material Science Division, of
   the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at
   Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 4
U2 10
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 666
EP 674
DI 10.1107/S1600577515001459
PN 3
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300030
PM 25931083
ER

PT J
AU Trueb, P
   Dejoie, C
   Kobas, M
   Pattison, P
   Peake, DJ
   Radicci, V
   Sobott, BA
   Walko, DA
   Broennimann, C
AF Trueb, P.
   Dejoie, C.
   Kobas, M.
   Pattison, P.
   Peake, D. J.
   Radicci, V.
   Sobott, B. A.
   Walko, D. A.
   Broennimann, C.
TI Bunch mode specific rate corrections for PILATUS3 detectors
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE PILATUS detectors; photon counting; count rate correction; Monte Carlo
   simulation
ID BEAMLINE
AB PILATUS X-ray detectors are in operation at many synchrotron beamlines around the world. This article reports on the characterization of the new PILATUS3 detector generation at high count rates. As for all counting detectors, the measured intensities have to be corrected for the dead-time of the counting mechanism at high photon fluxes. The large number of different bunch modes at these synchrotrons as well as the wide range of detector settings presents a challenge for providing accurate corrections. To avoid the intricate measurement of the count rate behaviour for every bunch mode, a Monte Carlo simulation of the counting mechanism has been implemented, which is able to predict the corrections for arbitrary bunch modes and a wide range of detector settings. This article compares the simulated results with experimental data acquired at different synchrotrons. It is found that the usage of bunch mode specific corrections based on this simulation improves the accuracy of the measured intensities by up to 40% for high photon rates and highly structured bunch modes. For less structured bunch modes, the instant retrigger technology of PILATUS3 detectors substantially reduces the dependency of the rate correction on the bunch mode. The acquired data also demonstrate that the instant retrigger technology allows for data acquisition up to 15 million photons per second per pixel.
C1 [Trueb, P.; Kobas, M.; Radicci, V.; Broennimann, C.] DECTRIS Ltd, CH-5400 Baden, Switzerland.
   [Dejoie, C.] ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Pattison, P.] EPF Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Peake, D. J.; Sobott, B. A.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
   [Walko, D. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Trueb, P (reprint author), DECTRIS Ltd, CH-5400 Baden, Switzerland.
EM peter.trueb@dectris.com
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX PT would like to thank Stefan Brandstetter for calibrating the detectors
   and Roger Schnyder for providing the Spectre netlist used for the Monte
   Carlo simulation. Pamela Amrein was very helpful by organizing the
   transport of the detectors. DJP and BAS gratefully acknowledge Nigel
   Kirby for optimizing the experimental setup and for maximizing the
   photon flux during the measurements. Use of the Advanced Photon Source
   is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office
   of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0909-0495
EI 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 701
EP 707
DI 10.1107/S1600577515003288
PN 3
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300033
PM 25931086
ER

PT J
AU Hertlein, MP
   Scholl, A
   Cordones, AA
   Lee, JH
   Engelhorn, K
   Glover, TE
   Barbrel, B
   Sun, C
   Steier, C
   Portmann, G
   Robin, DS
AF Hertlein, M. P.
   Scholl, A.
   Cordones, A. A.
   Lee, J. H.
   Engelhorn, K.
   Glover, T. E.
   Barbrel, B.
   Sun, C.
   Steier, C.
   Portmann, G.
   Robin, D. S.
TI X-rays only when you want them: optimized pump-probe experiments using
   pseudo-single-bunch operation
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE pump-probe spectroscopy; bunch kicking; pseudo single bunch; X-ray pulse
   picking; time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy; sample damage; laser/X-ray
   measurements; X-ray streak camera
AB Laser pump-X-ray probe experiments require control over the X-ray pulse pattern and timing. Here, the first use of pseudo-single-bunch mode at the Advanced Light Source in picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption experiments on solutions and solids is reported. In this mode the X-ray repetition rate is fully adjustable from single shot to 500 kHz, allowing it to be matched to typical laser excitation pulse rates. Suppressing undesired X-ray pulses considerably reduces detector noise and improves signal to noise in time-resolved experiments. In addition, dose-induced sample damage is considerably reduced, easing experimental setup and allowing the investigation of less robust samples. Single-shot X-ray exposures of a streak camera detector using a conventional non-gated charge-coupled device (CCD) camera are also demonstrated.
C1 [Hertlein, M. P.; Scholl, A.; Cordones, A. A.; Lee, J. H.; Engelhorn, K.; Glover, T. E.; Sun, C.; Steier, C.; Portmann, G.; Robin, D. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Barbrel, B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Scholl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM a_scholl@lbl.gov
RI Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department
   of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX The authors would like to thank J. Kirz for commenting on the
   manuscript. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director,
   Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department
   of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0909-0495
EI 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 729
EP 735
DI 10.1107/S1600577515001770
PN 3
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300037
PM 25931090
ER

PT J
AU Bi, WL
   Zhao, JY
   Lin, JH
   Jia, QJ
   Hu, MY
   Jin, CQ
   Ferry, R
   Yang, WG
   Struzhkin, V
   Alp, EE
AF Bi, Wenli
   Zhao, Jiyong
   Lin, Jung-Hi
   Jia, Quanjie
   Hu, Michael Y.
   Jin, Changqing
   Ferry, Richard
   Yang, Wenge
   Struzhkin, Viktor
   Alp, E. Ercan
TI Nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at high pressure and low
   temperature
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE nuclear resonant scattering; phonon density of states; high pressure;
   low temperature; iron-pnictides
ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; IRON; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS
AB A new synchrotron radiation experimental capability of coupling nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with the cryogenically cooled high-pressure diamond anvil cell technique is presented. The new technique permits measurements of phonon density of states at low temperature and high pressure simultaneously, and can be applied to studies of phonon contribution to pressure-and temperature-induced magnetic, superconducting and metal-insulator transitions in resonant isotope-bearing materials. In this report, a pnictide sample, EuFe2As2, is used as an example to demonstrate this new capability at beamline 3-ID of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. A detailed description of the technical development is given. The Fe-specific phonon density of states and magnetism from the Fe sublattice in (EuFe2As2)-Fe-57 at high pressure and low temperature were derived by using this new capability.
C1 [Bi, Wenli] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Bi, Wenli; Zhao, Jiyong; Hu, Michael Y.; Alp, E. Ercan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Lin, Jung-Hi] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Lin, Jung-Hi; Yang, Wenge] Ctr High Pressure Sci & Technol Adv Res HPSTAR, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China.
   [Jia, Quanjie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 10090, Peoples R China.
   [Jin, Changqing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 10090, Peoples R China.
   [Ferry, Richard; Yang, Wenge] Carnegie Inst Sci, HPSynC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Struzhkin, Viktor] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
RP Bi, WL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
EM wbi@aps.anl.gov
RI Lin, Jung-Fu/B-4917-2011
FU US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Consortium for Materials Properties Research
   in Earth Sciences (COMPRES); US National Science Foundation
   [EAR-0838221]; Energy Frontier Research Center (EFree); Extreme Physics
   and Chemistry Directorate of the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO); High
   Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR); NSF of China
   through the International Key Collaboration Program [11220101003];
   DOE-BES X-ray Scattering Core Program [DE-FG02-99ER45775]
FX We thank Sergey N. Tkachev for assistance in loading the Ne gas pressure
   medium at GSECARS (sector 13) at the APS. We also acknowledge J. Liu, J.
   Wu and J. Zhu for their technical assistance with the experiments. Use
   of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility
   operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by
   Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract
   No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. WB is partially supported by the Consortium for
   Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences (COMPRES). JFL
   acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation
   (EAR-0838221), Energy Frontier Research Center (EFree), the Extreme
   Physics and Chemistry Directorate of the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO),
   and High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR). CQJ
   is grateful to the support for this work by NSF of China through the
   International Key Collaboration Program (11220101003). RF and WY
   acknowledge the financial support from DOE-BES X-ray Scattering Core
   Program under grant number DE-FG02-99ER45775.
NR 44
TC 1
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U1 3
U2 17
PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
PI CHESTER
PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND
SN 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 760
EP 765
DI 10.1107/S1600577515003586
PN 3
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300041
PM 25931094
ER

PT J
AU Fujiwara, H
   Kiss, T
   Wakabayashi, YK
   Nishitani, Y
   Mori, T
   Nakata, Y
   Kitayama, S
   Fukushima, K
   Ikeda, S
   Fuchimoto, H
   Minowa, Y
   Mo, SK
   Denlinger, JD
   Allen, JW
   Metcalf, P
   Imai, M
   Yoshimura, K
   Suga, S
   Muro, T
   Sekiyama, A
AF Fujiwara, Hidenori
   Kiss, Takayuki
   Wakabayashi, Yuki K.
   Nishitani, Yoshito
   Mori, Takeo
   Nakata, Yuki
   Kitayama, Satoshi
   Fukushima, Kazuaki
   Ikeda, Shinji
   Fuchimoto, Hiroto
   Minowa, Yosuke
   Mo, Sung-Kwan
   Denlinger, Jonathan D.
   Allen, James W.
   Metcalf, Patricia
   Imai, Masaki
   Yoshimura, Kazuyoshi
   Suga, Shigemasa
   Muro, Takayuki
   Sekiyama, Akira
TI Soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission with micro-positioning
   techniques for metallic V2O3
SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
LA English
DT Article
DE angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES); soft X-ray;
   micro-positioning; strongly correlated oxide
ID TWIN-HELICAL UNDULATOR; TRANSITIONS; BEAMLINE; SPRING-8
AB Soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission has been performed for metallic V2O3. By combining a microfocus beam (40 mu m x 65 mu m) and micro-positioning techniques with a long-working-distance microscope, it has been possible to observe band dispersions from tiny cleavage surfaces with a typical size of several tens of mu m. The photoemission spectra show a clear position dependence, reflecting the morphology of the cleaved sample surface. By selecting high-quality flat regions on the sample surface, it has been possible to perform band mapping using both photon-energy and polar-angle dependences, opening the door to three-dimensional angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for typical three-dimensional correlated materials where large cleavage planes are rarely obtained.
C1 [Fujiwara, Hidenori; Kiss, Takayuki; Wakabayashi, Yuki K.; Mori, Takeo; Nakata, Yuki; Kitayama, Satoshi; Fukushima, Kazuaki; Ikeda, Shinji; Fuchimoto, Hiroto; Minowa, Yosuke; Sekiyama, Akira] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan.
   [Nishitani, Yoshito] Konan Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Kobe, Hyogo 6588501, Japan.
   [Mo, Sung-Kwan; Allen, James W.] Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   [Mo, Sung-Kwan; Denlinger, Jonathan D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Metcalf, Patricia] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Imai, Masaki; Yoshimura, Kazuyoshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Chem, Sakyo, Tokyo 6068502, Japan.
   [Suga, Shigemasa] Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan.
   [Muro, Takayuki] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst JASRI, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan.
RP Fujiwara, H (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Machikaneyama 1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan.
EM fujiwara@mp.es.osaka-u.ac.jp
RI Mo, Sung-Kwan/F-3489-2013; Sekiyama, Akira/G-1851-2016
OI Mo, Sung-Kwan/0000-0003-0711-8514; 
FU MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI [23740240]; MEXT Japan [20102003]; Toray Science
   Foundation
FX The ARPES measurements were supported by K. Yamagami, S. Naimen and T.
   Matsushita. This work was supported by MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI grant No.
   23740240 and the Grant-in-Aid for Innovative Areas (20102003) 'Heavy
   Electrons' from MEXT Japan, as well as by the Toray Science Foundation.
   The measurements were under the approval of the Japan Synchrotron
   Radiation Research Institute (2011B1348, 2012 A1486 and 2013 A1089).
NR 26
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 12
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0909-0495
EI 1600-5775
J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT
JI J. Synchrot. Radiat.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 22
SI SI
BP 776
EP 780
DI 10.1107/S1600577515003707
PN 3
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics
GA CH3HL
UT WOS:000353920300043
PM 25931096
ER

PT J
AU Mhin, S
   Nittala, K
   Cozzan, C
   Kim, K
   Robinson, DS
   Sanchez, LM
   Polcawich, RG
   Jones, JL
AF Mhin, Sungwook
   Nittala, Krishna
   Cozzan, Clayton
   Kim, Kyeongwon
   Robinson, Douglas S.
   Sanchez, Luz M.
   Polcawich, Ronald G.
   Jones, Jacob L.
TI Role of the PbTiO3 Seed Layer on the Crystallization Behavior of PZT
   Thin Films
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; PIEZOELECTRIC
   PROPERTIES; TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; PHASE; MEMS; DIFFRACTION; DEPOSITION;
   KINETICS
AB The role of a highly crystalline and oriented lead titanate (PTO) seed layer on the subsequent phase and texture evolution of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films is investigated in situ using X-ray diffraction (XRD) during crystallization. Crystalline PTO seed layers were first prepared via a 2-methoxyethanol route. Amorphous PZT with a Zr/Ti ratio of 52/48 was then deposited on the seed layer using the same synthesis route and subsequently crystallized in situ during XRD. During heating, a tetragonal-to-cubic transformation of the seed layer occurs prior to the formation of perovskite PZT. Subsequent nucleation of the crystalline PZT occurs in the cubic phase. Simultaneous to nucleation of PZT, development of a dominant 100 texture component was observed in the PZT phase of the thin films. The results indicate that 100 textured PTO nucleates 100 texture of PZT thin films during crystallization.
C1 [Mhin, Sungwook; Nittala, Krishna; Cozzan, Clayton; Kim, Kyeongwon] Korea Inst Ind Technol, Inchon 406840, South Korea.
   [Robinson, Douglas S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Sanchez, Luz M.; Polcawich, Ronald G.] US Army Res Lab, PiezoMEMS, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA.
   [Jones, Jacob L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
RP Jones, JL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM jacobjones@ncsu.edu
OI Cozzan, Clayton/0000-0003-3409-0377
FU NSF [DMR-1207293]; U.S. Department of the Army [W911NF-09-1-0435]; U.S.
   DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
   (KITECH)
FX This work was supported by NSF under DMR-1207293, and partially by the
   U.S. Department of the Army under W911NF-09-1-0435. Use of the Advanced
   Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S.
   Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National
   Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract no.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was supported by a grant from Korea
   Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH). We thank Jason Nikkel and
   Jennifer Forrester for help with figure development and constructive
   feedback on the manuscript text. The authors thank Dr. Daniel Potrepka
   and Joel Martin of the US Army Research Laboratory for their
   contributions in preparing the Pt coated substrates.
NR 29
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 26
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 98
IS 5
BP 1407
EP 1412
DI 10.1111/jace.13468
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA CH2TK
UT WOS:000353877300005
ER

PT J
AU Mikijelj, B
   Nawaz, Z
   Kruzic, JJ
   Idrobo, J
   Swab, JJ
   Ozcoban, H
   Jelitto, H
   Schneider, GA
   Fett, T
   Liu, Y
AF Mikijelj, Biljana
   Nawaz, Zubair
   Kruzic, Jamie J.
   Idrobo, Juan
   Swab, Jeffrey J.
   Oezcoban, Husseyin
   Jelitto, Hans
   Schneider, Gerold A.
   Fett, Theo
   Liu, Yi
TI Intergranular Nanostructure Effects on Strength and Toughness of Si3N4
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; MICROSTRUCTURAL
   DESIGN; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BRIDGING CERAMICS; CRACK-GROWTH;
   R-CURVES; BEHAVIOR; MG; ADDITIVES
AB Strength, toughness, microstructure, and atomic adsorption arrangement in silicon nitrides with MgO and RE2O3 additions (RE = La, Gd, Y, Lu) were examined. Mechanical properties were high for La, Gd, and equal La-Lu additions, but surprisingly were progressively lower for Y-and Lu-doped samples. The lower strength and toughness were associated with fewer visible crack deflections and grain bridges. Detailed microstructural analysis of the Lu-doped material revealed a complex intergranular nanostructure with variable Lu content and Si3N4 nanocrystals. Furthermore, the Lu-rich areas showed an extra Lu-adsorption site on the Si3N4 prismatic planes not previously observed in other studies. This inhomogeneous structure was attributed to grain growth impingement and higher viscosity of the Lu-doped oxynitride glass that slows homogenization. The Y-doped material with nearly identical glass viscosity demonstrates intermediate behavior. Finally, substituting half of the Lu2O3 with La2O3 resulted in a homogenous intergranular structure, attributed to a lower viscosity of the oxynitride glass phase, and high mechanical properties. Overall, care must be taken when adapting Si3N4 processing parameters for the smaller ionic radius rare earth dopants such as Lu and Y.
C1 [Mikijelj, Biljana; Nawaz, Zubair] Ceradyne Inc, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.
   [Kruzic, Jamie J.] Oregon State Univ, Mat Sci, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
   [Idrobo, Juan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Swab, Jeffrey J.] US Army Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA.
   [Oezcoban, Husseyin; Jelitto, Hans; Schneider, Gerold A.] Hamburg Univ Technol, Inst Adv Ceram, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany.
   [Fett, Theo] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
   [Liu, Yi] N Carolina State Univ, Analyt Instrumentat Facil, Raleigh, NC 27659 USA.
RP Mikijelj, B (reprint author), Ceradyne Inc, 3169 Redhill Ave, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA.
EM bmikijelj@mmm.com
RI Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014; 
OI Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921; Idrobo, Juan
   Carlos/0000-0001-7483-9034; Liu, Yi/0000-0001-6996-8843
FU ARL [W911Qx-09-0069]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Friedrich
   Wilhelm Bessel Award
FX Work reported was partially funded by ARL contract #W911Qx-09-0069. We
   are grateful to Dr. Paul Becher for discussions during the program and
   for providing a sample from his work for comparison to ours. JJK
   gratefully acknowledges funding from the Alexander von Humboldt
   Foundation Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Award. The authors acknowledge the
   use of the Analytical Instrumentation Facility (AIF) at North Carolina
   State University, which is supported by the State of North Carolina and
   the National Science Foundation.
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 36
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0002-7820
EI 1551-2916
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 98
IS 5
BP 1650
EP 1657
DI 10.1111/jace.13484
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA CH2TK
UT WOS:000353877300039
ER

PT J
AU Pathak, S
   Kalidindi, SR
AF Pathak, Siddhartha
   Kalidindi, Surya R.
TI Spherical nanoindentation stress-strain curves
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS
LA English
DT Review
DE Nanoindentation; Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM); Polycrystalline
   metals; Grain boundaries; Pop-ins; Raman spectroscopy; Bone; Vertically
   Aligned Carbon Nanotube (VACNT) brushes; Finite element modeling;
   Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD)
ID CONTINUOUS STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT; ORIENTATION IMAGING MICROSCOPY; CARBON
   NANOTUBE BUNDLES; EFFECTIVE ZERO-POINT; SINGLE GRAIN-BOUNDARY;
   MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; YOUNGS MODULUS;
   IN-SITU
AB Although indentation experiments have long been used to measure the hardness and Young's modulus, the utility of this technique in analyzing the complete elastic-plastic response of materials under contact loading has only been realized in the past few years - mostly due to recent advances in testing equipment and analysis protocols. This paper provides a timely review of the recent progress made in this respect in extracting meaningful indentation stress-strain curves from the raw datasets measured in instrumented spherical nanoindentation experiments. These indentation stress-strain curves have produced highly reliable estimates of the indentation modulus and the indentation yield strength in the sample, as well as certain aspects of their post-yield behavior, and have been critically validated through numerical simulations using finite element models as well as direct in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements on micro-pillars. Much of this recent progress was made possible through the introduction of a new measure of indentation strain and the development of new protocols to locate the effective zero-point of initial contact between the indenter and the sample in the measured datasets. This has led to an important key advance in this field where it is now possible to reliably identify and analyze the initial loading segment in the indentation experiments.
   Major advances have also been made in correlating the local mechanical response measured in nanoindentation with the local measurements of structure at the indentation site using complementary techniques. For example, it has been shown that the combined use of Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM, using Electron BackScattered Diffraction (EBSD)) and nanoindentation on polycrystalline metallic samples can yield important information on the orientation dependence of indentation yield stress, which can in turn be used to estimate percentage increase in the local slip resistance in deformed samples. The same methods have been used successfully to probe the intrinsic role of grain boundaries in the overall mechanical deformation of the sample. More recently, these protocols have been extended to characterize local mechanical property changes in the damaged layers in ion-irradiated metals. Similarly, the combined use of Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation on samples of mouse bone has revealed tissue-level correlations between the mineral content at the indentation site and the associated local mechanical properties. The new protocols have also provided several new insights into the buckling response in dense carbon nanotube (CNT) brushes. These and other recent successful applications of nanoindentation are expected to provide the critically needed information for the maturation of physics-based multiscale models for the mechanical behavior of most advanced materials. In this paper, we review these latest developments and identify the future challenges that lie ahead. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Pathak, Siddhartha] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Kalidindi, Surya R.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
RP Kalidindi, SR (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM surya.kalidindi@me.gatech.edu
OI Kalidindi, Surya/0000-0001-6909-7507
FU ARO [W911NF-10-1-0409]; Los Alamos National Laboratory; US Department of
   Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX Authors acknowledge funding from ARO grant W911NF-10-1-0409. SP
   gratefully acknowledges funding from the Los Alamos National Laboratory
   Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship for part of this work and during the
   writing of this manuscript. This work was performed, in part, at the
   Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User
   Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of
   Science. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action equal
   opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC,
   for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of
   Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 216
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 24
U2 128
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
PI LAUSANNE
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND
SN 0927-796X
EI 1879-212X
J9 MAT SCI ENG R
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. R-Rep.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 91
BP 1
EP 36
DI 10.1016/j.mser.2015.02.001
PG 36
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA CH0TS
UT WOS:000353735900001
ER

PT J
AU Kamennaya, NA
   Ahn, S
   Park, H
   Bartal, R
   Sasaki, KA
   Holman, HY
   Jansson, C
AF Kamennaya, Nina A.
   Ahn, SeEun
   Park, Hanwool
   Bartal, Roy
   Sasaki, Kenji A.
   Holman, Hoi-Ying
   Jansson, Christer
TI Installing extra bicarbonate transporters in the cyanobacterium
   Synechocystis sp PCC6803 enhances biomass production
SO METABOLIC ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE CCM; Cyanobacteria; Bicarbonate transporter; Engineering
ID CARBON CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS; INORGANIC CARBON;
   PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CO2 CONCENTRATION;
   GREEN-ALGAE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION; PLANTS
AB As a means to improve carbon uptake in the cyanobacterium Synechoustis sp. strain PCC6803, we engineered strains to contain additional inducible copies of the endogenous bicarbonate transporter BicA, an essential component of the CO2-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria. When cultured under atmospheric CO2 pressure, the strain expressing extra BicA transporters (BicA(+) strain) grew almost twice as fast and accumulated almost twice as much biomass as the control strain. When enriched with 0.5% or 5% CO2, the BicA(+) strain grew slower than the control but still showed a superior biomass production. Introducing a point mutation in the large C-terminal cytosolic domain of the inserted BicA, at a site implicated in allosteric regulation of transport activity, resulted in a strain (BicA((T485G))(+) strain) that exhibited pronounced cell aggregation and failed to grow at 5% CO2. However, the bicarbonate uptake capacity of the induced BicA((T485G))(+) was twice higher than for the wild-type strain. Metabolic analyses, including phenotyping by synchrotron-radiation Fourier transform Infrared spectromicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and lectin staining, suggest that the excess assimilated carbon in BicA(+) and BicA((T485G))(+) cells was directed into production of saccharide-rich exopolymeric substances. We propose that the increased capacity for CO2 uptake in the BicA strain can be capitalized on by re-directing carbon flux from exopolymeric substances to other end products such as fuels or high-value chemicals. (C) 2015 International Metabolic Engineering Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kamennaya, Nina A.; Ahn, SeEun; Park, Hanwool; Sasaki, Kenji A.; Holman, Hoi-Ying; Jansson, Christer] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bartal, Roy] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA.
RP Kamennaya, NA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM n.kamennaya@warwick.ac.uk; christer.jansson@pnnl.gov
RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014
OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory; Molecular Foundry Project [1794]; U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science and Office of Biological and Environmental Research
   [DEAC02-05CH11231]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy
   Contract DEAC02-05CH11231 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
   Use of the facilities at the LBNL Molecular Foundry was supported by
   Molecular Foundry Project 1794. The SR-FTIR and associated imaging work
   were performed at Infrared Beamline 1.4 and 5.4 under the Berkeley
   Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology (BSISB) Program funded by the
   U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Office of Biological
   and Environmental Research through contracts DEAC02-05CH11231. The
   Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under
   Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 59
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 7
U2 35
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1096-7176
EI 1096-7184
J9 METAB ENG
JI Metab. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 29
BP 76
EP 85
DI 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.03.002
PG 10
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA CH6CR
UT WOS:000354123900008
PM 25769289
ER

PT J
AU Gainsforth, Z
   Butterworth, AL
   Stodolna, J
   Westphal, AJ
   Huss, GR
   Nagashima, K
   Ogliore, R
   Brownlee, DE
   Joswiak, D
   Tyliszczak, T
   Simionovici, AS
AF Gainsforth, Zack
   Butterworth, Anna L.
   Stodolna, Julien
   Westphal, Andrew J.
   Huss, Gary R.
   Nagashima, Kazu
   Ogliore, Ryan
   Brownlee, Donald E.
   Joswiak, David
   Tyliszczak, Tolek
   Simionovici, Alexandre S.
TI Constraints on the formation environment of two chondrule-like igneous
   particles from comet 81P/Wild 2
SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS; FINE-GRAINED
   MATERIAL; ORDINARY CHONDRITES; STARDUST PARTICLES; II CHONDRULES;
   CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; PROTOPLANETARY DISK; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY;
   OLIVINE MORPHOLOGY
AB Using chemical and petrologic evidence and modeling, we deduce that two chondrule-like particles named Iris and Callie, from Stardust cometary track C2052,12,74, formed in an environment very similar to that seen for type II chondrules in meteorites. Iris was heated near liquidus, equilibrated, and cooled at <= 100 degrees C h(-1) and within approximate to 2 log units of the IW buffer with a high partial pressure of Na such as would be present with dust enrichments of approximate to 10(3). There was no detectable metamorphic, nebular, or aqueous alteration. In previous work, Ogliore et al. (2012) reported that Iris formed late, >3 Myr after CAIs, assuming Al-26 was homogenously distributed, and was rich in heavy oxygen. Iris may be similar to assemblages found only in interplanetary dust particles and Stardust cometary samples called Kool particles. Callie is chemically and isotopically very similar, but not identical to Iris.
C1 [Gainsforth, Zack; Butterworth, Anna L.; Stodolna, Julien; Westphal, Andrew J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Huss, Gary R.; Nagashima, Kazu; Ogliore, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
   [Brownlee, Donald E.; Joswiak, David] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Tyliszczak, Tolek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Simionovici, Alexandre S.] Univ Grenoble, Observ Sci, Inst Sci Terre, Grenoble, France.
RP Gainsforth, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM zackg@ssl.berkeley.edu
RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014
FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX We would like to thank Gretchen Benedix for advice which ultimately led
   to examining Iris through the eyes of MELTS. We would like to thank Dave
   Frank and Daisuke Nakashima for detailed, constructive reviews that
   helped to place this experiment into context within the early solar
   system. The ALS and NCEM are supported by the Director, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of
   Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 107
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 3
U2 11
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1086-9379
EI 1945-5100
J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI
JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 50
IS 5
BP 976
EP 1004
DI 10.1111/maps.12445
PG 29
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA CH8AP
UT WOS:000354258400010
ER

PT J
AU Schulze, K
   Imbeaud, S
   Letouze, E
   Alexandrov, LB
   Calderaro, J
   Rebouissou, S
   Couchy, G
   Meiller, C
   Shinde, J
   Soysouvanh, F
   Calatayud, AL
   Pinyol, R
   Pelletier, L
   Balabaud, C
   Laurent, A
   Blanc, JF
   Mazzaferro, V
   Calvo, F
   Villanueva, A
   Nault, JC
   Bioulac-Sage, P
   Stratton, MR
   Llovet, JM
   Zucman-Rossi, J
AF Schulze, Kornelius
   Imbeaud, Sandrine
   Letouze, Eric
   Alexandrov, Ludmil B.
   Calderaro, Julien
   Rebouissou, Sandra
   Couchy, Gabrielle
   Meiller, Clement
   Shinde, Jayendra
   Soysouvanh, Frederic
   Calatayud, Anna-Line
   Pinyol, Roser
   Pelletier, Laura
   Balabaud, Charles
   Laurent, Alexis
   Blanc, Jean-Frederic
   Mazzaferro, Vincenzo
   Calvo, Fabien
   Villanueva, Augusto
   Nault, Jean-Charles
   Bioulac-Sage, Paulette
   Stratton, Michael R.
   Llovet, Josep M.
   Zucman-Rossi, Jessica
TI Exome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinomas identifies new mutational
   signatures and potential therapeutic targets
SO NATURE GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROWTH-FACTOR 19; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION; RECURRENT
   MUTATIONS; DRUG-SENSITIVITY; HUMAN CANCER; P53 GENE; PERSPECTIVES;
   MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION
AB Genomic analyses promise to improve tumor characterization to optimize personalized treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exome sequencing analysis of 243 liver tumors identified mutational signatures associated with specific risk factors, mainly combined alcohol and tobacco consumption and exposure to aflatoxin B-1. We identified 161 putative driver genes associated with 11 recurrently altered pathways. Associations of mutations defined 3 groups of genes related to risk factors and centered on CTNNB1 (alcohol), TP53 (hepatitis B virus, HBV) and AXIN1. Analyses according to tumor stage progression identified TERT promoter mutation as an early event, whereas FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 or CCND1 amplification and TP53 and CDKN2A alterations appeared at more advanced stages in aggressive tumors. In 28% of the tumors, we identified genetic alterations potentially targetable by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. In conclusion, we identified risk factor-specific mutational signatures and defined the extensive landscape of altered genes and pathways in HCC, which will be useful to design clinical trials for targeted therapy.
C1 [Schulze, Kornelius; Imbeaud, Sandrine; Letouze, Eric; Calderaro, Julien; Rebouissou, Sandra; Couchy, Gabrielle; Meiller, Clement; Shinde, Jayendra; Soysouvanh, Frederic; Calatayud, Anna-Line; Pelletier, Laura; Calvo, Fabien; Nault, Jean-Charles; Zucman-Rossi, Jessica] Inst Univ Hematol, Equipe Labellisee Ligue Canc, Genom Fonct Tumeurs Solides, INSERM,UMR 1162, Paris, France.
   [Schulze, Kornelius; Imbeaud, Sandrine; Letouze, Eric; Calderaro, Julien; Rebouissou, Sandra; Couchy, Gabrielle; Meiller, Clement; Shinde, Jayendra; Soysouvanh, Frederic; Calatayud, Anna-Line; Pelletier, Laura; Calvo, Fabien; Nault, Jean-Charles; Zucman-Rossi, Jessica] Univ Paris 05, Labex Immunooncol, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Fac Med, Paris, France.
   [Schulze, Kornelius; Imbeaud, Sandrine; Letouze, Eric; Calderaro, Julien; Rebouissou, Sandra; Couchy, Gabrielle; Meiller, Clement; Shinde, Jayendra; Soysouvanh, Frederic; Calatayud, Anna-Line; Pelletier, Laura; Calvo, Fabien; Nault, Jean-Charles; Zucman-Rossi, Jessica] Univ Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Unite Format & Rech Sante, Med,Biol Humaine, Bobigny, France.
   [Schulze, Kornelius; Imbeaud, Sandrine; Letouze, Eric; Calderaro, Julien; Rebouissou, Sandra; Couchy, Gabrielle; Meiller, Clement; Shinde, Jayendra; Soysouvanh, Frederic; Calatayud, Anna-Line; Pelletier, Laura; Calvo, Fabien; Nault, Jean-Charles; Zucman-Rossi, Jessica] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
   [Alexandrov, Ludmil B.; Stratton, Michael R.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Canc Genome Project, Hinxton, England.
   [Alexandrov, Ludmil B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA.
   [Calderaro, Julien] Ctr Hosp Univ Henri Mondor, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Pathol, Creteil, France.
   [Pinyol, Roser; Villanueva, Augusto] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi & Sunyer,Liver Unit, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Translat Res Lab,Barcelo, Barcelona, Spain.
   [Balabaud, Charles; Blanc, Jean-Frederic; Bioulac-Sage, Paulette] Univ Bordeaux, INSERM, UMR 1053, Bordeaux, France.
   [Laurent, Alexis] Ctr Hosp Univ Henri Mondor, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Digest & Hepatobiliary Surg, Creteil, France.
   [Laurent, Alexis] Hop Henri Mondor, INSERM, UMR 955, F-94010 Creteil, France.
   [Blanc, Jean-Frederic] Hop St Andre, Ctr Hosp Univ Bordeaux, Dept Hepatol, Bordeaux, France.
   [Mazzaferro, Vincenzo] Fdn Ist Tumori, Dept Liver Surg & Transplant, Milan, Italy.
   [Villanueva, Augusto; Llovet, Josep M.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Liver Dis, Mt Sinai Liver Canc Program, New York, NY USA.
   [Nault, Jean-Charles] Hop Univ Paris Seine St Denis, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Pole Activite Cancerol Specialisee, Serv Hepatol, Bondy, France.
   [Bioulac-Sage, Paulette] Pellegrin Hosp, Ctr Hosp Univ Bordeaux, Dept Pathol, Bordeaux, France.
   [Llovet, Josep M.] Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain.
   [Zucman-Rossi, Jessica] Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Paris, France.
RP Zucman-Rossi, J (reprint author), Inst Univ Hematol, Equipe Labellisee Ligue Canc, Genom Fonct Tumeurs Solides, INSERM,UMR 1162, Paris, France.
EM jessica.zucman-rossi@inserm.fr
RI Llovet, Josep M /D-4340-2014; Mazzaferro, Vincenzo/C-2726-2017; 
OI Llovet, Josep M /0000-0003-0547-2667; Mazzaferro,
   Vincenzo/0000-0002-4013-8085; Villanueva, Augusto/0000-0003-3585-3727;
   zucman-rossi, Jessica/0000-0002-5687-0334; Alexandrov,
   Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515
FU Institut National du Cancer (INCa); ICGC project; PAIR-CHC project
   NoFLIC - (INCa and Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, ARC);
   HEPTROMIC (Framework Programme 7); Canceropole Ile de France; Centres de
   Ressources Biologiques (CRB) Liver Tumors; Tumorotheque Centre
   Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire
   Henri Mondor; BioIntelligence (OSEO); INSERM; INCa; Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SCHU 2893/2-1]; AIRC (Italian Association
   for Cancer Research); European Comission Framework Programme 7
   (HEPTROMIC); Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation; Spanish National
   Health Institute [SAF-2010-16055, SAF-2013-41027]; Asociacion Espanola
   Contra el Cancer (AECC); National Nuclear Security Administration of the
   US Department of Energy
FX We warmly thank A. Boulais, C. Guichard, I. Ben Maad and C. Pilati for
   helpful participation in this work. We thank L. de Koning, C. Baldeyron,
   A. Barbet and C. Lecerf from the Institut Curie for the reverse-phase
   protein array experiments. We also thank J. Saric, C. Laurent, L.
   Chiche, B. Le Bail and C. Castain (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire
   Bordeaux) and D. Cherqui and J. Tran Van Nhieu (Centre Hospitalier
   Universitaire Henri Mondor, Creteil) for contributing to the tissue
   collection. This work was supported by Institut National du Cancer
   (INCa) with the ICGC project, the PAIR-CHC project NoFLIC (funded by
   INCa and Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, ARC), HEPTROMIC
   (Framework Programme 7), Canceropole Ile de France, Centres de
   Ressources Biologiques (CRB) Liver Tumors, Tumorotheque Centre
   Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire
   Henri Mondor, BioIntelligence (OSEO) and INSERM. J.-C.N. was supported
   by a fellowship from INCa. K.S. is supported by the Deutsche
   Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG grant SCHU 2893/2-1). Research performed at
   Los Alamos National Laboratory was carried out under the auspices of the
   National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy.
   V.M. is supported by a grant from AIRC (Italian Association for Cancer
   Research). J.M.L. is supported by grants from the European Comission
   Framework Programme 7 (HEPTROMIC, proposal 259744), The Samuel Waxman
   Cancer Research Foundation, the Spanish National Health Institute
   (SAF-2010-16055 and SAF-2013-41027) and the Asociacion Espanola Contra
   el Cancer (AECC).
NR 40
TC 119
Z9 120
U1 5
U2 37
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1061-4036
EI 1546-1718
J9 NAT GENET
JI Nature Genet.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 47
IS 5
BP 505
EP U106
DI 10.1038/ng.3252
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA CG9LE
UT WOS:000353635800013
PM 25822088
ER

PT J
AU Seyler, KL
   Schaibley, JR
   Gong, P
   Rivera, P
   Jones, AM
   Wu, SF
   Yan, JQ
   Mandrus, DG
   Yao, W
   Xu, XD
AF Seyler, Kyle L.
   Schaibley, John R.
   Gong, Pu
   Rivera, Pasqual
   Jones, Aaron M.
   Wu, Sanfeng
   Yan, Jiaqiang
   Mandrus, David G.
   Yao, Wang
   Xu, Xiaodong
TI Electrical control of second-harmonic generation in a WSe2 monolayer
   transistor
SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VALLEY POLARIZATION; TUNGSTEN DISULFIDE; LIGHT GENERATION; NONLINEAR
   OPTICS; MOS2; DICHALCOGENIDES; PLASMONICS
AB Nonlinear optical frequency conversion, in which optical fields interact with a nonlinear medium to produce new field frequencies(1), is ubiquitous in modern photonic systems. However, the nonlinear electric susceptibilities that give rise to such phenomena are often challenging to tune in a given material and, so far, dynamical control of optical nonlinearities remains confined to research laboratories as a spectroscopic tool(2). Here, we report a mechanism to electrically control second-order optical nonlinearities in monolayer WSe2, an atomically thin semiconductor. We show that the intensity of second-harmonic generation at the A-exciton resonance is tunable by over an order of magnitude at low temperature and nearly a factor of four at room temperature through electrostatic doping in a field-effect transistor. Such tunability arises from the strong exciton charging effects in monolayer semiconductors(3,4), which allow for exceptional control over the oscillator strengths at the exciton and trion resonances. The exciton-enhanced second-harmonic generation is counter-circularly polarized to the excitation laser due to the combination of the two-photon and one-photon valley selection rules(5-8), which have opposite helicity in the monolayer. Our study paves the way towards a new platform for chip-scale, electrically tunable nonlinear optical devices based on two-dimensional semiconductors.
C1 [Seyler, Kyle L.; Schaibley, John R.; Rivera, Pasqual; Jones, Aaron M.; Wu, Sanfeng; Xu, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   [Gong, Pu; Yao, Wang] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Gong, Pu; Yao, Wang] Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Theoret & Computat Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   [Yan, Jiaqiang; Mandrus, David G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Yan, Jiaqiang; Mandrus, David G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Mandrus, David G.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Xu, Xiaodong] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Xu, XD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM xuxd@uw.edu
RI Yao, Wang/C-1353-2008; Wu, Sanfeng/L-1323-2016; 
OI Yao, Wang/0000-0003-2883-4528; Wu, Sanfeng/0000-0002-6227-6286; Jones,
   Aaron/0000-0002-8326-1294; Rivera, Pasqual/0000-0002-5909-1686
FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DoE BES)
   [DE-SC0008145, SC0012509]; National Science Foundation (NSF)
   [DMR-1150719]; Research Grant Council [HKU705513P, HKU9/CRF/13G];
   University Grant Council of the government of Hong Kong [AoE/P-04/08];
   Croucher Foundation under the Croucher Innovation Award; US DoE, BES,
   the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; Cottrell Scholar Award;
   State of Washington - Clean Energy Institute; NSF
FX This work was mainly supported by the Department of Energy Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences (DoE BES, DE-SC0008145 and SC0012509). Device
   fabrication was partially supported by the National Science Foundation
   (NSF, DMR-1150719). P.G. and W.Y. were supported by the Research Grant
   Council (HKU705513P and HKU9/CRF/13G) and University Grant Council
   (AoE/P-04/08) of the government of Hong Kong, and the Croucher
   Foundation under the Croucher Innovation Award. J.Y. and D.M. were
   supported by the US DoE, BES, the Materials Sciences and Engineering
   Division. X.X. acknowledges support from the Cottrell Scholar Award, and
   S.W. acknowledges support from the State of Washington funded Clean
   Energy Institute. Device fabrication was performed at the Washington
   Nanofabrication Facility and NSF-funded Nanotech User Facility.
NR 35
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 19
U2 160
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1748-3387
EI 1748-3395
J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL
JI Nat. Nanotechnol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 5
BP 407
EP 411
DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.73
PG 5
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CH5SF
UT WOS:000354094900008
PM 25895004
ER

PT J
AU Lee, WC
   Kim, K
   Park, J
   Koo, J
   Jeong, HY
   Lee, H
   Weitz, DA
   Zettl, A
   Takeuchi, S
AF Lee, Won Chul
   Kim, Kwanpyo
   Park, Jungwon
   Koo, Jahyun
   Jeong, Hu Young
   Lee, Hoonkyung
   Weitz, David A.
   Zettl, Alex
   Takeuchi, Shoji
TI Graphene-templated directional growth of an inorganic nanowire
SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; NANOSTRUCTURES;
   NANOPARTICLES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; NANOGENERATORS; NANORIBBONS; COVALENT;
   SURFACES; CATALYST
AB Assembling inorganic nanomaterials on graphene(1-3) is of interest in the development of nanodevices and nanocomposite materials, and the ability to align such inorganic nanomaterials on the graphene surface is expected to lead to improved functionalities(4), as has previously been demonstrated with organic nanomaterials epitaxially aligned on graphitic surfaces(5-10). However, because graphene is chemically inert, it is difficult to precisely assemble inorganic nanomaterials on pristine graphene(2,11-16). Previous techniques(2,3) based on dangling bonds of damaged graphene(11,17-20), intermediate seed materials(11,15,16,21,22) and vapour-phase deposition at high temperature(12-14,23-25) have only formed randomly oriented or poorly aligned inorganic nanostructures. Here, we show that inorganic nanowires of gold(I) cyanide can grow directly on pristine graphene, aligning themselves with the zigzag lattice directions of the graphene. The nanowires are synthesized through a self-organized growth process in aqueous solution at room temperature, which indicates that the inorganic material spontaneously binds to the pristine graphene surface. First-principles calculations suggest that this assembly originates from lattice matching and pi interaction to gold atoms. Using the synthesized nanowires as templates, we also fabricate nanostructures with controlled crystal orientations such as graphene nanoribbons with zigzag-edged directions.
C1 [Lee, Won Chul; Takeuchi, Shoji] Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Tokyo 1538505, Japan.
   [Lee, Won Chul; Takeuchi, Shoji] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, ERATO Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovat Project, Tokyo 1538904, Japan.
   [Kim, Kwanpyo; Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kim, Kwanpyo] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Ulsan 689798, South Korea.
   [Park, Jungwon; Weitz, David A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Park, Jungwon; Weitz, David A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
   [Koo, Jahyun; Lee, Hoonkyung] Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea.
   [Jeong, Hu Young] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, UNIST Cent Res Facil UCRF, Ulsan 689798, South Korea.
   [Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM azettl@berkeley.edu; takeuchi@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
RI Kim, Kwanpyo/D-9121-2011; Jeong, Hu Young/H-4413-2016; Park,
   Jungwon/O-1153-2016; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016
OI Kim, Kwanpyo/0000-0001-8497-2330; Park, Jungwon/0000-0003-2927-4331;
   Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X
FU Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced
   Technology (ERATO); Japan Science and Technology (JST); Office of Energy
   Research, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Naval Research (MURI
   grant) [N00014-09-1066]; Basic Science Research Program through the
   National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education
   [NRF-2014R1A1A2058178]; Harvard MRSEC [DMR-0820484]; Amore-Pacific;
   Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation
   of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning
   [NRF-2015R1A1A1001583]; KISTI under the Supercomputing Applications
   Support Program [KSC-2013-C3-034]; UNIST [1.120032.01]
FX The authors thank A.P. Alivisatos, H. Fujita, Y. Arakawa, B.J. Kim, L.
   Yang, J. Moon, Y. Ota, H. Suh, J. Kwon and J. Min for helpful
   discussions. The authors also thank J. Kim and Y. Mizutani for the AFM
   analysis, S. Mori and M. Onuki for technical support and A. Sato for
   help with graphic illustrations. This work was mainly supported by the
   Takeuchi Biohybrid Innovation Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced
   Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology (JST). A.Z. and K.K.
   acknowledge support from the Director, Office of Energy Research,
   Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of
   Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231) and from the Office of Naval Research (MURI
   grant N00014-09-1066). K.K. also acknowledges support from the Basic
   Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of
   Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2014R1A1A2058178).
   D.A.W. and J.P. acknowledge support from the Harvard MRSEC (DMR-0820484)
   and Amore-Pacific. H.L. and J.K. acknowledge support from the Basic
   Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of
   Korea, funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning
   (NRF-2015R1A1A1001583) and also acknowledge support from KISTI under the
   Supercomputing Applications Support Program (KSC-2013-C3-034). H.Y.J.
   acknowledges support from the 2012 Research Fund (1.120032.01) of UNIST.
NR 33
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 29
U2 187
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1748-3387
EI 1748-3395
J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL
JI Nat. Nanotechnol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 5
BP 423
EP 428
DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.36
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CH5SF
UT WOS:000354094900011
PM 25799519
ER

PT J
AU Surwade, SP
   Smirnov, SN
   Vlassiouk, IV
   Unocic, RR
   Veith, GM
   Dai, S
   Mahurin, SM
AF Surwade, Sumedh P.
   Smirnov, Sergei N.
   Vlassiouk, Ivan V.
   Unocic, Raymond R.
   Veith, Gabriel M.
   Dai, Sheng
   Mahurin, Shannon M.
TI Water desalination using nanoporous single-layer graphene
SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; POROUS GRAPHENE; OXIDE
   MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT; SEPARATION; ULTRATHIN; HYDROGEN; TECHNOLOGY;
   PERMEATION
AB By creating nanoscale pores in a layer of graphene, it could be used as an effective separation membrane due to its chemical and mechanical stability, its flexibility and, most importantly, its one-atom thickness. Theoretical studies have indicated that the performance of such membranes should be superior to state-of-the-art polymer-based filtration membranes, and experimental studies have recently begun to explore their potential. Here, we show that single-layer porous graphene can be used as a desalination membrane. Nanometre-sized pores are created in a graphene monolayer using an oxygen plasma etching process, which allows the size of the pores to be tuned. The resulting membranes exhibit a salt rejection rate of nearly 100% and rapid water transport. In particular, water fluxes of up to 10(6) g m(-2) s(-1) at 40 degrees C were measured using pressure difference as a driving force, while water fluxes measured using osmotic pressure as a driving force did not exceed 70 g m(-2) s(-1) atm(-1).
C1 [Surwade, Sumedh P.; Dai, Sheng; Mahurin, Shannon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Smirnov, Sergei N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
   [Vlassiouk, Ivan V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Unocic, Raymond R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Veith, Gabriel M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Vlassiouk, IV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM vlassioukiv@ornl.gov; mahurinsm@ornl.gov
RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015; Smirnov, Sergei/H-8774-2016; Vlassiouk,
   Ivan/F-9587-2010; 
OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931; Vlassiouk, Ivan/0000-0002-5494-0386;
   Unocic, Raymond/0000-0002-1777-8228
FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory; US Department of Energy; ORNL's Center for
   Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS); US Department of Energy, Office of
   Science User Facility
FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development
   Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC,
   for the US Department of Energy. Research also supported through a user
   proposal at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which
   is a US Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility.
NR 40
TC 128
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U1 87
U2 422
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1748-3387
EI 1748-3395
J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL
JI Nat. Nanotechnol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 10
IS 5
BP 459
EP 464
DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.37
PG 6
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science
GA CH5SF
UT WOS:000354094900016
PM 25799521
ER

PT J
AU Boyer, MD
   Andre, R
   Gates, DA
   Gerhardt, S
   Goumiri, IR
   Menard, J
AF Boyer, M. D.
   Andre, R.
   Gates, D. A.
   Gerhardt, S.
   Goumiri, I. R.
   Menard, J.
TI Central safety factor and beta(N) control on NSTX-U via beam power and
   plasma boundary shape modification, using TRANSP for closed loop
   simulations
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article
DE spherical torus plasma control; current profile control; optimal
   control; control-oriented modelling
ID TORUS EXPERIMENT NSTX; TIME EQUILIBRIUM RECONSTRUCTION; SPHERICAL
   TOKAMAK; PROFILE CONTROL; ASPECT-RATIO; DIII-D; CONFINEMENT;
   CONDUCTIVITY; STABILITY; REGIME
AB The high-performance operational goals of NSTX-U will require development of advanced feedback control algorithms, including control of beta(N) and the safety factor profile. In this work, a novel approach to simultaneously controlling beta(N) and the value of the safety factor on the magnetic axis, q(0), through manipulation of the plasma boundary shape and total beam power, is proposed. Simulations of the proposed scheme show promising results and motivate future experimental implementation and eventual integration into a more complex current profile control scheme planned to include actuation of individual beam powers, density, and loop voltage. As part of this work, a flexible framework for closed loop simulations within the high-fidelity code TRANSP was developed. The framework, used here to identify control-design-oriented models and to tune and test the proposed controller, exploits many of the predictive capabilities of TRANSP and provides a means for performing control calculations based on user-supplied data (controller matrices, target waveforms, etc). The flexible framework should enable high-fidelity testing of a variety of control algorithms, thereby reducing the amount of expensive experimental time needed to implement new control algorithms on NSTX-U and other devices.
C1 [Boyer, M. D.; Andre, R.; Gates, D. A.; Gerhardt, S.; Menard, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Goumiri, I. R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Boyer, MD (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM mboyer@pppl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Postdoctoral Research Program;
   US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the U.S.
   Department of Energy Fusion Energy Postdoctoral Research Program
   administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and by
   the US Department of Energy Grant under Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466.
NR 60
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
EI 1741-4326
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
AR 053033
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053033
PG 15
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CG8HA
UT WOS:000353546700034
ER

PT J
AU Diallo, A
   Hughes, JW
   Baek, SG
   LaBombard, B
   Terry, J
   Cziegler, I
   Hubbard, A
   Davis, E
   Walk, J
   Delgado-Aparicio, L
   Reinke, ML
   Theiler, C
   Churchill, RM
   Edlund, EM
   Canik, J
   Snyder, P
   Greenwald, M
   White, A
AF Diallo, A.
   Hughes, J. W.
   Baek, S-G.
   LaBombard, B.
   Terry, J.
   Cziegler, I.
   Hubbard, A.
   Davis, E.
   Walk, J.
   Delgado-Aparicio, L.
   Reinke, M. L.
   Theiler, C.
   Churchill, R. M.
   Edlund, E. M.
   Canik, J.
   Snyder, P.
   Greenwald, M.
   White, A.
CA Alcator C-Mod Team
TI Quasi-coherent fluctuations limiting the pedestal growth on Alcator
   C-Mod: experiment and modelling
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article
DE ELM physics; H-Mode; tokamaks; edge turbulence; kinetic ballooning mode;
   MHD instabilities; microinstabilities
ID CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT
AB Performance predictions for future fusion devices rely on an accurate model of the pedestal structure. The candidate for predictive pedestal structure is EPED, and it is imperative to test the underlying hypotheses to further gain confidence for ITER projections. Here, we present experimental work testing one of the EPED hypotheses, namely the existence of a soft limit set by microinstabilities such as the kinetic ballooning mode. This work extends recent work on Alactor C-Mod (Diallo et al 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 115001), to include detailed measurements of the edge fluctuations and comparisons of edge simulation codes and experimental observations.
C1 [Diallo, A.; Delgado-Aparicio, L.; Edlund, E. M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Hughes, J. W.; Baek, S-G.; LaBombard, B.; Terry, J.; Hubbard, A.; Davis, E.; Walk, J.; Reinke, M. L.; Theiler, C.; Churchill, R. M.; Greenwald, M.; White, A.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Cziegler, I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92103 USA.
   [Canik, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Snyder, P.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA.
RP Diallo, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
EM adiallo@pppl.gov
OI Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681; Theiler, Christian/0000-0003-3926-1374;
   Churchill, Randy/0000-0001-5711-746X
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-99ER54512]
FX The authors thank the Alcator C-Mod operation groups for expert running
   of the tokamak. This material is based upon work supported by the US
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences, using Alcator C-Mod, a DOE Office of Science User Facility,
   under Award Numbers DE-AC02-09CH11466 and DE-FC02-99ER54512.
NR 23
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
EI 1741-4326
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
AR 053003
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053003
PG 11
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CG8HA
UT WOS:000353546700004
ER

PT J
AU Hawryluk, RJ
   Eidietis, NW
   Grierson, BA
   Hyatt, AW
   Kolemen, E
   Logan, NC
   Nazikian, R
   Paz-Soldan, C
   Solomon, WM
   Wolfe, S
AF Hawryluk, R. J.
   Eidietis, N. W.
   Grierson, B. A.
   Hyatt, A. W.
   Kolemen, E.
   Logan, N. C.
   Nazikian, R.
   Paz-Soldan, C.
   Solomon, W. M.
   Wolfe, S.
TI Control of plasma stored energy for burn control using DIII-D in-vessel
   coils
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article
DE fusion reactors; magnetic confinement; equilibrium; tokamaks
ID CHAPTER 8; REACTOR; OPERATION; TRANSPORT; STABILITY; IGNITION; FIELDS;
   EDGE; ITER
AB A new approach has been experimentally demonstrated to control the stored energy by applying a non-axisymmetric magnetic field using the DIII-D in-vessel coils to modify the energy confinement time. In future burning plasma experiments as well as magnetic fusion energy power plants, various concepts have been proposed to control the fusion power. The fusion power in a power plant operating at high gain can be related to the plasma stored energy and hence, is a strong function of the energy confinement time. Thus, an actuator that modifies the confinement time can be used to adjust the fusion power. In relatively low collisionality DIII-D discharges, the application of non-axisymmetric magnetic fields results in a decrease in confinement time and density pumpout. Gas puffing was used to compensate the density pumpout in the pedestal while control of the stored energy was demonstrated by the application of non-axisymmetric fields.
C1 [Hawryluk, R. J.; Grierson, B. A.; Kolemen, E.; Logan, N. C.; Nazikian, R.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Eidietis, N. W.; Hyatt, A. W.; Paz-Soldan, C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Wolfe, S.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
RP Hawryluk, RJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FC02-99ER54512]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the
   DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility,
   under Awards DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-FC02-99ER54512.
   The authors wish to recognize the support from the DIII-D operations
   team for the reliable operation of the facility, diagnostics and neutral
   beam systems.
NR 27
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
EI 1741-4326
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
AR 053001
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053001
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CG8HA
UT WOS:000353546700002
ER

PT J
AU Kim, K
   Im, K
   Kim, HC
   Oh, S
   Park, JS
   Kwon, S
   Lee, YS
   Yeom, JH
   Lee, C
   Lee, GS
   Neilson, G
   Kessel, C
   Brown, T
   Titus, P
   Mikkelsen, D
   Zhai, Y
AF Kim, K.
   Im, K.
   Kim, H. C.
   Oh, S.
   Park, J. S.
   Kwon, S.
   Lee, Y. S.
   Yeom, J. H.
   Lee, C.
   Lee, G-S.
   Neilson, G.
   Kessel, C.
   Brown, T.
   Titus, P.
   Mikkelsen, D.
   Zhai, Y.
TI Design concept of K-DEMO for near-term implementation
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article
DE K-DEMO; DEMO; superconducting magnet; in-vessel components; divertor
   concept; breeding blanket concept
ID TOKAMAKS; HYBRID
AB A Korean fusion energy development promotion law (FEDPL) was enacted in 2007. As a following step, a conceptual design study for a steady-state Korean fusion demonstration reactor (K-DEMO) was initiated in 2012. After the thorough 0D system analysis, the parameters of the main machine characterized by the major and minor radii of 6.8 and 2.1 m, respectively, were chosen for further study. The analyses of heating and current drives were performed for the development of the plasma operation scenarios. Preliminary results on lower hybrid and neutral beam current drive are included herein. A high performance Nb3Sn-based superconducting conductor is adopted, providing a peak magnetic field approaching 16 T with the magnetic field at the plasma centre above 7 T. Pressurized water is the prominent choice for the main coolant of K-DEMO when the balance of plant development details is considered. The blanket system adopts a ceramic pebble type breeder. Considering plasma performance, a double-null divertor is the reference configuration choice of K-DEMO. For a high availability operation, K-DEMO incorporates a design with vertical maintenance. A design concept for K-DEMO is presented together with the preliminary design parameters.
C1 [Kim, K.; Im, K.; Kim, H. C.; Oh, S.; Park, J. S.; Kwon, S.; Lee, Y. S.; Yeom, J. H.; Lee, C.; Lee, G-S.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 169148, South Korea.
   [Neilson, G.; Kessel, C.; Brown, T.; Titus, P.; Mikkelsen, D.; Zhai, Y.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Kim, K (reprint author), Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon 169148, South Korea.
EM kkeeman@nfri.re.kr
FU Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea
FX This work is supported by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future
   Planning, the Republic of Korea. The authors would like to thank the
   Chinese FDS Team for providing the MCAM code for the neutronics analysis
   on K-DEMO.
NR 17
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
EI 1741-4326
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
AR 053027
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053027
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CG8HA
UT WOS:000353546700028
ER

PT J
AU LaBombard, B
   Marmar, E
   Irby, J
   Terry, JL
   Vieira, R
   Wallace, G
   Whyte, DG
   Wolfe, S
   Wukitch, S
   Baek, S
   Beck, W
   Bonoli, P
   Brunner, D
   Doody, J
   Ellis, R
   Ernst, D
   Fiore, C
   Freidberg, JP
   Golfinopoulos, T
   Granetz, R
   Greenwald, M
   Hartwig, ZS
   Hubbard, A
   Hughes, JW
   Hutchinson, IH
   Kessel, C
   Kotschenreuther, M
   Leccacorvi, R
   Lin, Y
   Lipschultz, B
   Mahajan, S
   Minervini, J
   Mumgaard, R
   Nygren, R
   Parker, R
   Poli, F
   Porkolab, M
   Reinke, ML
   Rice, J
   Rognlien, T
   Rowan, W
   Shiraiwa, S
   Terry, D
   Theiler, C
   Titus, P
   Umansky, M
   Valanju, P
   Walk, J
   White, A
   Wilson, JR
   Wright, G
   Zweben, SJ
AF LaBombard, B.
   Marmar, E.
   Irby, J.
   Terry, J. L.
   Vieira, R.
   Wallace, G.
   Whyte, D. G.
   Wolfe, S.
   Wukitch, S.
   Baek, S.
   Beck, W.
   Bonoli, P.
   Brunner, D.
   Doody, J.
   Ellis, R.
   Ernst, D.
   Fiore, C.
   Freidberg, J. P.
   Golfinopoulos, T.
   Granetz, R.
   Greenwald, M.
   Hartwig, Z. S.
   Hubbard, A.
   Hughes, J. W.
   Hutchinson, I. H.
   Kessel, C.
   Kotschenreuther, M.
   Leccacorvi, R.
   Lin, Y.
   Lipschultz, B.
   Mahajan, S.
   Minervini, J.
   Mumgaard, R.
   Nygren, R.
   Parker, R.
   Poli, F.
   Porkolab, M.
   Reinke, M. L.
   Rice, J.
   Rognlien, T.
   Rowan, W.
   Shiraiwa, S.
   Terry, D.
   Theiler, C.
   Titus, P.
   Umansky, M.
   Valanju, P.
   Walk, J.
   White, A.
   Wilson, J. R.
   Wright, G.
   Zweben, S. J.
TI ADX: a high field, high power density, advanced divertor and RF tokamak
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article
DE tokamak; advanced divertor; lower hybrid current drive; ion cyclotron
   range of frequency heating; high magnetic field; high power density;
   X-point target divertor
ID ALCATOR C-MOD; STEADY-STATE OPERATION; CURRENT DRIVE; DIII-D; CONCEPTUAL
   DESIGN; PLASMA; CONFINEMENT; PHYSICS; FUSION; VULCAN
AB The MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center and collaborators are proposing a high-performance Advanced Divertor and RF tokamak eXperiment (ADX)-a tokamak specifically designed to address critical gaps in the world fusion research programme on the pathway to next-step devices: fusion nuclear science facility (FNSF), fusion pilot plant (FPP) and/or demonstration power plant (DEMO). This high-field (>= 6.5 T, 1.5 MA), high power density facility (P/S similar to 1.5 MW m(-2)) will test innovative divertor ideas, including an 'X-point target divertor' concept, at the required performance parameters-reactor-level boundary plasma pressures, magnetic field strengths and parallel heat flux densities entering into the divertor region-while simultaneously producing high-performance core plasma conditions that are prototypical of a reactor: equilibrated and strongly coupled electrons and ions, regimes with low or no torque, and no fuelling from external heating and current drive systems. Equally important, the experimental platform will test innovative concepts for lower hybrid current drive and ion cyclotron range of frequency actuators with the unprecedented ability to deploy launch structures both on the low-magnetic-field side and the high-magneticfield side-the latter being a location where energetic plasma-material interactions can be controlled and favourable RF wave physics leads to efficient current drive, current profile control, heating and flow drive. This triple combination-advanced divertors, advanced RF actuators, reactor-prototypical core plasma conditions-will enable ADX to explore enhanced core confinement physics, such as made possible by reversed central shear, using only the types of external drive systems that are considered viable for a fusion power plant. Such an integrated demonstration of high-performance core-divertor operation with steady-state sustainment would pave the way towards an attractive pilot plant, as envisioned in the ARC concept (affordable, robust, compact) (Sorbom et al 2015 Fusion Eng. Des. submitted (arXiv: 1409.3540)) that makes use of high-temperature superconductor technology-a high-field (9.25 T) tokamak the size of the Joint European Torus that produces 270 MW of net electricity.
C1 [LaBombard, B.; Marmar, E.; Irby, J.; Terry, J. L.; Vieira, R.; Wallace, G.; Whyte, D. G.; Wolfe, S.; Wukitch, S.; Baek, S.; Beck, W.; Bonoli, P.; Brunner, D.; Doody, J.; Ernst, D.; Fiore, C.; Freidberg, J. P.; Golfinopoulos, T.; Granetz, R.; Greenwald, M.; Hartwig, Z. S.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J. W.; Hutchinson, I. H.; Leccacorvi, R.; Lin, Y.; Minervini, J.; Mumgaard, R.; Parker, R.; Porkolab, M.; Rice, J.; Shiraiwa, S.; Terry, D.; Walk, J.; White, A.; Wright, G.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Ellis, R.; Kessel, C.; Poli, F.; Titus, P.; Wilson, J. R.; Zweben, S. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
   [Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S.; Rowan, W.; Valanju, P.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Lipschultz, B.; Reinke, M. L.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England.
   [Nygren, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
   [Rognlien, T.; Umansky, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA.
   [Theiler, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
RP LaBombard, B (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM labombard@psfc.mit.edu
RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016; 
OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Theiler,
   Christian/0000-0003-3926-1374
FU US DoE [DE-FC0299ER54512]
FX The ADX concept is being refined with support from many colleagues. We
   especially acknowledge: N. Asakura, D. Brower, L. Delgado-Aparicio, R.
   Goldston, S. Krasheninnikov, D. Ryutov, S. Scott, P.C. Stangeby, G.
   Tynan and F. Waelbroeck. This work is supported by US DoE agreement
   DE-FC0299ER54512.
NR 105
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
EI 1741-4326
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
AR 053020
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053020
PG 25
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CG8HA
UT WOS:000353546700021
ER

PT J
AU Podesta, M
   Gorelenkova, M
   Darrow, DS
   Fredrickson, ED
   Gerhardt, SP
   White, RB
AF Podesta, M.
   Gorelenkova, M.
   Darrow, D. S.
   Fredrickson, E. D.
   Gerhardt, S. P.
   White, R. B.
TI Effects of MHD instabilities on neutral beam current drive
SO NUCLEAR FUSION
LA English
DT Article
DE tokamak; MHD instabilities; energetic particle transport; neutral beam
   current drive
ID TRANSPORT; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS
AB Neutral beam injection (NBI) is one of the primary tools foreseen for heating, current drive (CD) and q-profile control in future fusion reactors such as ITER and a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility. However, fast ions from NBI may also provide the drive for energetic particle-driven instabilities (e.g. Alfvenic modes (AEs)), which in turn redistribute fast ions in both space and energy, thus hampering the control capabilities and overall efficiency of NB-driven current. Based on experiments on the NSTX tokamak (M. Ono et al 2000 Nucl. Fusion 40 557), the effects of AEs and other low-frequency magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities on NB-CD efficiency are investigated. A new fast ion transport model, which accounts for particle transport in phase space as required for resonant AE perturbations, is utilized to obtain consistent simulations of NB-CD through the tokamak transport code TRANSP. It is found that instabilities do indeed reduce the NB-driven current density over most of the plasma radius by up to similar to 50%. Moreover, the details of the current profile evolution are sensitive to the specific model used to mimic the interaction between NB ions and instabilities. Implications for fast ion transport modeling in integrated tokamak simulations are briefly discussed.
C1 [Podesta, M.; Gorelenkova, M.; Darrow, D. S.; Fredrickson, E. D.; Gerhardt, S. P.; White, R. B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
RP Podesta, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA.
EM mpodesta@pppl.gov
RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013
OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under
   contract number DE-AC02-09CH11466.
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PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0029-5515
EI 1741-4326
J9 NUCL FUSION
JI Nucl. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 55
IS 5
AR 053018
DI 10.1088/0029-5515/55/5/053018
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CG8HA
UT WOS:000353546700019
ER

PT J
AU Qiang, Y
AF Qiang, Yi
CA GlueX Collaboration
   SoLID Collaboration
TI Detector development for Jefferson Lab's 12 GeV Upgrade
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Detector; Spectrometer; Solenoid; Nuclear physics
ID GLUEX EXPERIMENT; CALORIMETER
AB Jefferson Lab will soon finish its highly anticipated 12 GeV Upgrade. With doubled maximum energy, Jefferson Lab's Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) will enable a new experimental program with substantial discovery potential, addressing important topics in nuclear, hadronic and electroweak physics. In order to take full advantage of the high energy, high luminosity beam, new detectors are being developed, designed and constructed to fit the needs of different physics topics. The paper will give an overview of various new detector technologies to be used for 12 GeV experiments. It will then focus on the development of two solenoid-based spectrometers, the GlueX and SoLID spectrometers. The GlueX experiment in Hall D will study the complex properties of gluons through exotic hybrid meson spectroscopy. The GlueX spectrometer, a hermetic detector package designed for spectroscopy and the associated partial wave analysis, is currently in the final stage of construction. Hall A, on the other hand, is developing the SOLID spectrometer to capture the 3D image of the nucleon from semi-inclusive processes and to study the intrinsic properties of quarks through mirror symmetry breaking. Such a spectrometer will have the capability to handle very high event rates while still maintaining a large acceptance in the forward region. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Qiang, Yi; GlueX Collaboration; SoLID Collaboration] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
RP Qiang, Y (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.
EM yqiang@jlab.org
FU DOE, under Jefferson Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC05-06OR23177]
FX This work was supported by DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177, under
   which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates the Thomas Jefferson
   National Accelerator Facility. I would like to thank my colleagues from
   the GlueX collaboration and the SoLID collaboration.
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U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
EI 1872-9584
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 350
BP 71
EP 76
DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2014.12.062
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA CH9FU
UT WOS:000354342200014
ER

PT J
AU Conway, ZA
   Kelly, MP
   Ostroumov, PN
AF Conway, Z. A.
   Kelly, M. P.
   Ostroumov, P. N.
TI Advanced low-beta cavity development for proton and ion accelerators
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Superconducting radio frequency cavities; Low-beta cavities; Heavy ion
   accelerators; Proton accelerators
AB Recent developments in designing and processing low-beta superconducting cavities at Argonne National Laboratory are very encouraging for future applications requiring compact proton and ion accelerators. One of the major benefits of these accelerating structures is achieving real-estate accelerating gradients greater than 3 MV/m very efficiently either continuously or for long-duty cycle operation (>1%). The technology has been implemented in low-beta accelerator cryomodules for the Argonne ATLAS heavy-ion linac where the cryomodules are required to have real-estate gradients of more than 3 MV/m. In offline testing low-beta cavities with even higher gradients have already been achieved. This paper will review this work where we have achieved surface fields greater than 166 mT magnetic and 117 MV/m electric in a 72 MHz quarter-wave resonator optimized for beta = 0.077 ions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Conway, Z. A.; Kelly, M. P.; Ostroumov, P. N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Conway, ZA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM zconway@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency
FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. This
   research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office
   of Science User Facility.
NR 20
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
EI 1872-9584
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 350
BP 94
EP 98
DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.01.012
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA CH9FU
UT WOS:000354342200018
ER

PT J
AU Geddes, CGR
   Rykovanov, S
   Matlis, NH
   Steinke, S
   Vay, JL
   Esarey, EH
   Ludewigt, B
   Nakamura, K
   Quiter, BJ
   Schroeder, CB
   Toth, C
   Leemans, WP
AF Geddes, Cameron G. R.
   Rykovanov, Sergey
   Matlis, Nicholas H.
   Steinke, Sven
   Vay, Jean-Luc
   Esarey, Eric H.
   Ludewigt, Bernhard
   Nakamura, Kei
   Quiter, Brian J.
   Schroeder, Carl B.
   Toth, Csaba
   Leemans, Wim P.
TI Compact quasi-monoenergetic photon sources from laser-plasma
   accelerators for nuclear detection and characterization
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Nonproliferation; Homeland security; Active interrogation; Monoenergetic
   photon source; Laser plasma accelerator
ID ELECTRON INJECTION; PULSES; BEAMS
AB Near-monoenergetic photon sources at MeV energies offer improved sensitivity at greatly reduced dose for active interrogation, and new capabilities in treaty verification, nondestructive assay of spent nuclear fuel and emergency response. Thomson (also referred to as Compton) scattering sources are an established method to produce appropriate photon beams. Applications are however restricted by the size of the required high-energy electron linac, scattering (photon production) system, and shielding for disposal of the high energy electron beam. Laser-plasma accelerators (LPAs) produce GeV electron beams in centimeters, using the plasma wave driven by the radiation pressure of an intense laser. Recent LPA experiments are presented which have greatly improved beam quality and efficiency, rendering them appropriate for compact high-quality photon sources based on Thomson scattering. Designs for MeV photon sources utilizing the unique properties of LPAs are presented. It is shown that control of the scattering laser, including plasma guiding, can increase photon production efficiency. This reduces scattering laser size and/or electron beam current requirements to scale compatible with the LPA. Lastly, the plasma structure can decelerate the electron beam after photon production, reducing the size of shielding required for beam disposal. Together, these techniques provide a path to a compact photon source system. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Geddes, Cameron G. R.; Rykovanov, Sergey; Matlis, Nicholas H.; Steinke, Sven; Vay, Jean-Luc; Esarey, Eric H.; Ludewigt, Bernhard; Nakamura, Kei; Quiter, Brian J.; Schroeder, Carl B.; Toth, Csaba; Leemans, Wim P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Geddes, CGR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM cgrgeddes@lbl.gov
RI Steinke, Sven/D-8086-2011; 
OI Steinke, Sven/0000-0003-0507-698X; Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166
FU U.S. Dept. of Energy National Nuclear Security administration Defense
   Nuclear Nonproliferation RD [NA-22]; Office of Science Office of High
   Energy Physics [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S.
   Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy National Nuclear
   Security administration Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation R&D (NA-22),
   and by the Office of Science Office of High Energy Physics, under
   Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The simulations used the computational
   facilities at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center,
   a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science
   of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
   We would like to acknowledge fruitful discussions with J. van Tilborg,
   M. Zolotorev, C. Benedetti, M. Chen, S.S. Bulanov, E. Cormier-Michel, D.
   Bruhwiler and F. Rossi.
NR 31
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 23
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
EI 1872-9584
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 350
BP 116
EP 121
DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.01.013
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA CH9FU
UT WOS:000354342200022
ER

PT J
AU Andrianarijaona, VM
   Wulf, D
   McCammon, D
   Seely, DG
   Havener, CC
AF Andrianarijaona, V. M.
   Wulf, D.
   McCammon, D.
   Seely, D. G.
   Havener, C. C.
TI Radiance line ratios Ly-beta/Ly-alpha, Ly-gamma/Ly-alpha,
   Ly-delta/Ly-alpha, and Ly-epsilon/Ly-alpha for soft X-ray emissions
   following charge exchange between C6+ and Kr
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Ion-atom collision; Charge transfer; Soft X-ray; Solar wind; Comet dusts
AB The radiance line ratios Ly-beta/Ly-alpha, Ly-gamma/Ly-alpha, Ly-delta/Ly-alpha, and Ly-epsilon/Ly-alpha for soft X-ray emission following charge exchange (CX) between C6+ and Kr are reported for collision energies between approximately 320 and 46,000 eV/u. The corresponding collision velocities (250-3000 km/s) are characteristic of the solar wind. X-ray spectra were obtained at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Multicharged Ion Research Facility using a microcalorimeter X-ray detector with a resolution on the order of 10 eV FWHM. The measured Ly-beta/Ly-alpha is zero for all considered energies and suggests that very little, if any, capture to 6p occurs. The measured Ly-beta/Ly-alpha and Ly-gamma/Ly-alpha ratios intersect and form a well resolved node around (950 +/- 50) km/s, which could be used as an astrophysical velocity indicative tool. The results reported here are compared to calculations for C6+ + H since no published theory for C6+ + Kr is known to exist. Double-electron-capture (DEC) and other multi-electron processes are possible. True double capture is estimated to be only 10% of the single-electron-capture (SEC). (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Andrianarijaona, V. M.] Pacific Union Coll, Dept Phys, Angwin, CA 94508 USA.
   [Wulf, D.; McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Seely, D. G.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA.
   [Havener, C. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Andrianarijaona, VM (reprint author), Pacific Union Coll, Dept Phys, Angwin, CA 94508 USA.
FU NASA Solar & Heliospheric Physics Program [NNH07ZDA001N]; NASA
   [NNX09AF09G]; Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical
   Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation [PHY-1068877]
FX This research is supported in part by the NASA Solar & Heliospheric
   Physics Program NNH07ZDA001N, NASA Grant No. NNX09AF09G, and by the
   Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the Division of Chemical Sciences,
   Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S.
   Department of Energy. V.A. is supported by the National Science
   Foundation through Grant No. PHY-1068877.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
EI 1872-9584
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 350
BP 122
EP 126
DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.01.040
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA CH9FU
UT WOS:000354342200023
ER

PT J
AU Williams, ML
   Choi, S
   Lee, D
AF Williams, Mark L.
   Choi, Sooyoung
   Lee, Deokjung
TI A New Equivalence Theory Method for Treating DoublyHeterogeneous Fuel-1:
   Theory
SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB A new methodology has been developed to treat resonance self-shielding in doubly heterogeneous very high temperature gas-cooled reactor systems in which the fuel compact region of a reactor lattice consists of small fuel grains dispersed in a graphite matrix. The new method first homogenizes the fuel grain and matrix materials using an analytically derived disadvantage factor from a two-region problem with equivalence theory and intermediate resonance method. The disadvantage factor accounts for spatial self-shielding effects inside each grain within the framework of an infinite array of grains. Then the homogenized fuel compact is self-shielded using a Bondarenko method to account for interactions between the fuel compact regions in the fuel lattice. In the final form of the equations for actual implementations, the double-heterogeneity effects are accounted for by simply using a modified definition of a background cross section, which includes geometry parameters and cross sections for both the grain and fuel compact regions. With the new method, the doubly heterogeneous resonance self-shielding effect can be treated easily even with legacy codes programmed only for a singly heterogeneous system by simple modifications in the background cross section for resonance integral interpolations. This paper presents a detailed derivation of the new method and a sensitivity study of double-heterogeneity parameters introduced during the derivation. The implementation of the method and verification results for various test cases are presented in the companion paper.
C1 [Williams, Mark L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Reactor & Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Choi, Sooyoung; Lee, Deokjung] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Mech & Nucl Engn, Ulsan, South Korea.
RP Williams, ML (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Reactor & Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM deokjung@unist.ac.kr
FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Research; National Research
   Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIP); Ulsan National
   Institute of Science and Technology
FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
   Commission Office of Research. This work was also supported in part by a
   National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean
   government (MSIP). In addition, this work was partially supported by the
   Year 2011 Research Fund of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and
   Technology.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5639
EI 1943-748X
J9 NUCL SCI ENG
JI Nucl. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 180
IS 1
BP 30
EP 40
PG 11
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH3LI
UT WOS:000353931800002
ER

PT J
AU Choi, S
   Kong, C
   Lee, D
   Williams, ML
AF Choi, Sooyoung
   Kong, Chidong
   Lee, Deokjung
   Williams, Mark L.
TI A New Equivalence Theory Method for Treating Doubly Heterogeneous Fuel
   II: Verifications
SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID CROSS-SECTION; DERIVATION; CODE
AB A new methodology has been developed recently to treat resonance self-shielding in systems for which the fuel compact region of a reactor lattice consists of small fuel grains dispersed in a graphite matrix. The theoretical development adopts equivalence theory in both micro- and macro-level heterogeneities to provide approximate analytical expressions for the shielded cross sections, which may be interpolated from a table of resonance integrals or Bondarenko factors using a modified background cross section as the interpolation parameter. This paper describes the first implementation of the theoretical equations in a reactor analysis code. To reduce discrepancies caused by use of the rational approximation for collision probabilities in the original derivation, a new formulation for a doubly heterogeneous Bell factor is developed in this paper to improve the accuracy of doubly heterogeneous expressions. The methodology is applied to a wide range of pin cell and assembly test problems with varying geometry parameters, material compositions, and temperatures, and the results are compared with continuous-energy Monte Carlo simulations to establish the accuracy and range of applicability of the new approach. It is shown that the new doubly heterogeneous self-shielding method including the Bell factor correction gives good agreement with reference Monte Carlo results.
C1 [Choi, Sooyoung; Kong, Chidong; Lee, Deokjung] Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Mech & Nucl Engn, Ulsan, South Korea.
   [Williams, Mark L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Reactor & Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Choi, S (reprint author), Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Mech & Nucl Engn, Ulsan, South Korea.
EM deokjung@unist.ac.kr
FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Research; National Research
   Foundation of Korea - Korean government; UNIST
FX This research was funded in part by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
   Commission Office of Research. This work was also supported in part by a
   National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean
   government. In addition, this work was partially supported by the Year
   2011 Research Fund of UNIST.
NR 20
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5639
EI 1943-748X
J9 NUCL SCI ENG
JI Nucl. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 180
IS 1
BP 41
EP 57
PG 17
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH3LI
UT WOS:000353931800003
ER

PT J
AU Katz, JI
AF Katz, J. I.
TI Plasma Temperature Inference from Deuterium-Tritium/Deuterium-Deuterium
   Neutron Discrimination
SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB Deuterium-deuterium and deuterium-tritium reaction rates may be compared to determine plasma temperatures in the 10- to 200-eV range. Distinguishing neutrons from these two reactions is difficult when yields are low or unpredictable. Time-of-flight (TOF) methods fail if the source is extended in time. These neutrons may be distinguished because inelastic scattering of more energetic neutrons by carbon produces a 4.44-MeV gamma ray and because hydrogenous material preferentially attenuates lower-energy neutrons. We describe a detector system that can discriminate between lower- and higher-energy neutrons for fluences as low as O(10(2)) neutrons per sterad even when TOF methods fail, define a figure of merit, and calculate its performance over a broad range of parameters.
C1 [Katz, J. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Katz, J. I.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, McDonnell Ctr Space Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA.
RP Katz, JI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM katz@wuphys.wustl.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National
   Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract
   DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5639
EI 1943-748X
J9 NUCL SCI ENG
JI Nucl. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 180
IS 1
BP 117
EP 122
PG 6
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH3LI
UT WOS:000353931800007
ER

PT J
AU Rechard, RP
AF Rechard, Rob P.
TI PROBABILITY AND CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR CRITICALITY AT A GEOLOGIC
   REPOSITORY-I: CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW FOR SCREENING
SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE critical event; criticality scenario screening; radioactive waste
   disposal
ID ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; 1996 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; NATURAL FISSION
   REACTOR; UNSATURATED TUFF; WASTE; FUEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSTRAINTS;
   ASSIGNMENT; PARAMETERS
AB This paper, Part I of two companion papers, reviews concepts underlying the basis for evaluating the criticality scenario for an assessment of performance after closure of a geologic repository for radioactive waste. In the United States, either a low-probability or low-consequence rationale can be the basis of excluding criticality, using the usual assumptions that (a) the interplay between the probability and consequence is not significant and (b) the mean of the epistemic uncertainty of the probability and consequence provides a sufficient approximation. Furthermore, the rationale can be based on either qualitative or quantitative arguments. For those situations with quantitative arguments, this paper provides additional perspective on evaluating the criticality scenario by combining quantitative estimates of low probability and low consequence as a complementary cumulative distribution function. As a demonstration, the low probability and low consequence of the criticality scenario for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (a repository for defense transuranic element waste) is presented.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Disposal Res & Anal, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Rechard, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Disposal Res & Anal, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM rprecha@sandia.gov
FU DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is a multiprogram laboratory operated
   by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
   Corporation, for the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under
   contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The author wishes to thank L. A. Connolly,
   SNL, for help with references, and L. Mays, SNL, for help with
   illustrations. The original qualitative rationale for excluding
   criticality from the WIPP PA involved L. C. Sanchez, C. T. Stockman, and
   H. R. Trellue, and their indirect contribution is gratefully
   acknowledged. The quantitative estimates of probability and consequences
   and the perspective presented on combining the low-probability and
   low-consequence rationale as a CCDF are those of the author and are not
   necessarily held by reviewers, SNL, or DOE.
NR 77
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 3
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5450
EI 1943-7471
J9 NUCL TECHNOL
JI Nucl. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 190
IS 2
BP 97
EP 126
DI 10.13182/NT14-40
PG 30
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH0ZX
UT WOS:000353752000001
ER

PT J
AU Rechard, RP
AF Rechard, Rob P.
TI PROBABILITY AND CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR CRITICALITY AT A GEOLOGIC
   REPOSITORY-II: POTENTIAL REPOSITORY IN VOLCANIC TUFF AS AN EXAMPLE
SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE critical event; criticality scenario screening; radioactive waste
   disposal
ID 1996 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; UNSATURATED TUFF;
   FUEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONSTRAINTS; ASSIGNMENT; PARAMETERS
AB This paper, Part II of two companion papers, demonstrates the concepts for evaluating the criticality scenario class after closure of a geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level radioactive waste. As an example, the low-probability rationale used to exclude consideration of criticality in the performance assessment of the potential Yucca Mountain (YM) repository in southern Nevada is summarized. The Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) presented a quantitative rationale that the probability of criticality inside breached waste containers was <10(-4) over 10(4) yr to show that criticality was not necessary to consider. The dominant probability occurred when neutron absorber material was inadvertently left out for a package disposing of SNF from experimental reactors owned by the U.S. Department of Energy. In addition, this paper develops a quantitative estimate of the low probability of criticality outside the package in either the engineered or geologic barrier to complement the qualitative rationale developed by YMP. Because consequence may also be used as the basis of screening, consequences of criticality at the potential YM repository are roughly estimated, based on results from the literature. The consequences are then combined with the low-probability estimates as a complementary cumulative distribution function to place the corresponding estimated consequences in context and, thereby, provide further perspective on excluding the criticality scenario class.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Disposal Res & Anal, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Rechard, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Waste Disposal Res & Anal, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM rprecha@sandia.gov
FU DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is a multiprogram laboratory operated
   by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
   Corporation, for the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under
   contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The author wishes to thank L. A. Connolly,
   SNL, for help with references, and S. K. Best, Raytheon, and L. Mays,
   SNL, for help with illustrations. The evaluation of the potential for
   criticality at the YM repository involved a number of participants, and
   their indirect contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Specifically, J.
   A. McClure, Bechtel SAIC Company, crafted the quantitative,
   low-probability rationale for inside the package (Sec. III.B), and C. W.
   Hansen, SNL, updated the rationale in response to requests for
   additional information by NRC (Ref. 23). J. Scaglione and J. Wagner,
   both of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, oversaw the development of the
   criticality rationale. In addition, they demonstrated the low
   criticality potential in packages with intact fuel/supports (Sec. III.A)
   and justified using burnup credit for disposal packages (Sec. III.B.2).
   However, the simplifications used in Sec. III.B to present the results
   as simple factors in Table I and any interpretative errors of their
   documentation are those of the author alone. The reader should refer to
   the original documentation for the complete rationale. Furthermore, the
   quantitative estimates of low probability outside the package, the
   quantitative estimates of consequences throughout the disposal system,
   and the perspective presented on combining the low-probability and
   low-consequence rationale as a CCDF are those of the author and are not
   necessarily held by reviewers, SNL, or DOE.
NR 84
TC 1
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U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5450
EI 1943-7471
J9 NUCL TECHNOL
JI Nucl. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 190
IS 2
BP 127
EP 160
DI 10.13182/NT14-41
PG 34
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH0ZX
UT WOS:000353752000002
ER

PT J
AU Navarro, J
   Ring, TA
   Nigg, DW
AF Navarro, Jorge
   Ring, Terry A.
   Nigg, David W.
TI GAMMA-RAY SIMULATED SPECTRUM DECONVOLUTION OF A LaBr3 1-x 1-in.
   SCINTILLATOR FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE ATR FUEL BURNUP ON-SITE PREDICTIONS
SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE deconvolution; LaBr3; highly enriched fuel burn up prediction
AB A deconvolution methodology aimed to reduce the uncertainty for nondestructively predicting fuel burnup using gamma spectra collected with LaBr3 scintillators was developed. Deconvolution techniques have been used in the past to improve photopeak resolution of data collected using gamma detectors; however, they have not been used as a tool to more accurately predict fuel burnup. The deconvolution methodology consisted of calculating the detector response function using Monte Carlo simulations, validating the detector response function against experimental data, and implementing the maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm to enhance the LaBr3 gamma spectra. The deconvolution methodology was first tested on single-isotopic simulated data; later it was applied to fuel simulated data that were based on Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) fuel gamma spectra. The study showed that LaBr3 gamma spectra photopeak resolution and quality can be improved significantly using deconvolution methods, in addition to proving that enhancement techniques can be used to nondestructively predict ATR fuel burnup more accurately than using LaBr3 data without enhancements.
C1 [Navarro, Jorge] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
   [Navarro, Jorge] Ctr Space Nucl Res, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
   [Ring, Terry A.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem Engn, Utah Nucl Engn Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Nigg, David W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Reactor Phys Anal & Design, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Navarro, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 1765 Yellowstone Highway MS 3860, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
EM jorge.navarro@inl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy under Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC
   [DE-AC07-05ID14517]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Battelle
   Energy Alliance, LLC, contract DE-AC07-05ID14517.
NR 13
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U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 0029-5450
EI 1943-7471
J9 NUCL TECHNOL
JI Nucl. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 190
IS 2
BP 183
EP 192
DI 10.13182/NT14-4
PG 10
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH0ZX
UT WOS:000353752000005
ER

PT J
AU Huang, HC
   Zhang, L
   Malladi, G
   Dadap, JI
   Manandhar, S
   Kisslinger, K
   Vemuri, RSR
   Shutthanandan, V
   Bakhru, H
   Osgood, RM
AF Huang, Hsu-Cheng
   Zhang, Lihua
   Malladi, Girish
   Dadap, Jerry I.
   Manandhar, Sandeep
   Kisslinger, Kim
   Vemuri, Rama Sesha R.
   Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam
   Bakhru, Hassaram
   Osgood, Richard M., Jr.
TI Radiation damage by light-and heavy-ion bombardment of single-crystal
   LiNbO3
SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; MICRO-RAMAN; BEAM IRRADIATION;
   GENERATION; SURFACE; DEPENDENCE; STRAIN; OXIDES; HE+
AB In this work, a battery of analytical methods including in situ RBS/C, confocal micro-Raman, TEM/STEM, EDS, AFM, and optical microscopy were used to provide a comparative investigation of light-and heavy-ion radiation damage in single-crystal LiNbO3. High (similar to MeV) and low (similar to 100s keV) ion energies, corresponding to different stopping power mechanisms, were used and their associated damage events were observed. In addition, sequential irradiation of both ion species was also performed and their cumulative depth-dependent damage was determined. It was found that the contribution from electronic stopping by high-energy heavy ions gave rise to a lower critical fluence for damage formation than for the case of low-energy irradiation. Such energy-dependent critical fluence of heavy-ion irradiation is two to three orders of magnitude smaller than that for the case of light-ion damage. In addition, materials amorphization and collision cascades were seen for heavy-ion irradiation, while for light ion, crystallinity remained at the highest fluence used in the experiment. The irradiation-induced damage is characterized by the formation of defect clusters, elastic strain, surface deformation, as well as change in elemental composition. In particular, the presence of nanometric-scale damage pockets results in increased RBS/C backscattered signal and the appearance of normally forbidden Raman phonon modes. The location of the highest density of damage is in good agreement with SRIM calculations. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
C1 [Huang, Hsu-Cheng; Dadap, Jerry I.; Osgood, Richard M., Jr.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Zhang, Lihua; Kisslinger, Kim] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Malladi, Girish; Bakhru, Hassaram] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Polytech Inst, Albany, NY 12203 USA.
   [Manandhar, Sandeep; Vemuri, Rama Sesha R.; Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Huang, HC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM hh2362@columbia.edu
RI Kisslinger, Kim/F-4485-2014
FU Department of the Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
   [HDTRA1-11-1-0022]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1302488];
   Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
   and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]
FX The authors gratefully appreciate generous and insightful comments by
   Prof. William J. Weber. This work was supported by the Department of the
   Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) under HDTRA1-11-1-0022,
   and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number
   ECCS-1302488. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a
   national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of
   Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at
   Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Research carried out in part at
   the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
   which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
NR 44
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 26
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 2159-3930
J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS
JI Opt. Mater. Express
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 5
BP 1071
EP 1088
DI 10.1364/OME.5.001071
PG 18
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics
SC Materials Science; Optics
GA CH3IB
UT WOS:000353922700016
ER

PT J
AU Huang, L
   Zuo, C
   Idir, M
   Qu, WJ
   Asundi, A
AF Huang, Lei
   Zuo, Chao
   Idir, Mourad
   Qu, Weijuan
   Asundi, Anand
TI Phase retrieval with the transport-of-intensity equation in an
   arbitrarily shaped aperture by iterative discrete cosine transforms
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROSCOPY
AB A transport-of-intensity equation (TIE)-based phase retrieval method is proposed with putting an arbitrarily shaped aperture into the optical wavefield. In this arbitrarily shaped aperture, the TIE can be solved under nonuniform illuminations and even nonhomogeneous boundary conditions by iterative discrete cosine transforms with a phase compensation mechanism. Simulation with arbitrary phase, arbitrary aperture shape, and nonuniform intensity distribution verifies the effective compensation and high accuracy of the proposed method. Experiment is also carried out to check the feasibility of the proposed method in real measurement. Comparing to the existing methods, the proposed method is applicable for any types of phase distribution under nonuniform illumination and nonhomogeneous boundary conditions within an arbitrarily shaped aperture, which enables the technique of TIE with hard aperture to become a more flexible phase retrieval tool in practical measurements. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
C1 [Huang, Lei; Idir, Mourad] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Zuo, Chao] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Key Lab Spectral Imaging & Intelligence S, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Qu, Weijuan] Ngee Ann Polytech, Ctr Appl Photon & Laser Technol, Singapore 599489, Singapore.
   [Asundi, Anand] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
RP Huang, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, 50 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM huanglei0114@gmail.com
RI Zuo, Chao/D-7273-2014
OI Zuo, Chao/0000-0002-1461-0032
FU LDRD project in Brookhaven National Laboratory [LDRD13-032]; Fundamental
   Research Funds for the Central Universities [30915011318]; "Zijin Star"
   program of Nanjing University of Science and Technology
FX This work is supported by LDRD project in Brookhaven National
   Laboratory, No. LDRD13-032, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the
   Central Universities, No. 30915011318. C. Zuo thanks the support of the
   "Zijin Star" program of Nanjing University of Science and Technology.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 10
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
EI 1539-4794
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 40
IS 9
BP 1976
EP 1979
DI 10.1364/OL.40.001976
PG 4
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA CH3IQ
UT WOS:000353924600024
PM 25927762
ER

PT J
AU Radke, CD
   McManamen, JP
   Kastengren, AL
   Halls, BR
   Meyer, TR
AF Radke, Christopher D.
   McManamen, J. Patrick
   Kastengren, Alan L.
   Halls, Benjamin R.
   Meyer, Terrence R.
TI Quantitative time-averaged gas and liquid distributions using x-ray
   fluorescence and radiography in atomizing sprays
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSE SPRAYS; FUEL SPRAYS
AB A method for quantitative measurements of gas and liquid distributions is demonstrated using simultaneous x-ray fluorescence and radiography of both phases in an atomizing coaxial spray. Synchrotron radiation at 10.1 keV from the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory is used for x-ray fluorescence of argon gas and two tracer elements seeded into the liquid stream. Simultaneous time-resolved x-ray radiography combined with time-averaged dual-tracer fluorescence measurements enabled corrections for reabsorption of x-ray fluorescence photons for accurate, line-of-sight averaged measurements of the distribution of the gas and liquid phases originating from the atomizing nozzle. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America
C1 [Radke, Christopher D.; McManamen, J. Patrick] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Propuls & Power Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
   [Radke, Christopher D.; Halls, Benjamin R.; Meyer, Terrence R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.
   [Kastengren, Alan L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Radke, CD (reprint author), NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Propuls & Power Div, Houston, TX 77058 USA.
EM Christopher.D.Radke@NASA.gov
FU Propulsion and Power Division at the NASA-Johnson Space Center; Army
   Research Office; DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory
   [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX The work was sponsored by the Propulsion and Power Division at the
   NASA-Johnson Space Center and by the Army Research Office (Dr. Ralph
   Anthenien, Program Manager). This research used resources of the
   Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of
   Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne
   National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors
   would like to express gratitude to J.C. Melcher and Robert Morehead for
   their technical assistance.
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
EI 1539-4794
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 40
IS 9
BP 2029
EP 2032
DI 10.1364/OL.40.002029
PG 4
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA CH3IQ
UT WOS:000353924600038
PM 25927776
ER

PT J
AU Ellison, CL
   Finn, JM
   Qin, H
   Tang, WM
AF Ellison, C. Leland
   Finn, J. M.
   Qin, H.
   Tang, W. M.
TI Development of variational guiding center algorithms for parallel
   calculations in experimental magnetic equilibria
SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on the Theory of Fusion
   Plasmas
CY SEP 01-05, 2014
CL Varenna, ITALY
DE guiding center algorithms; parallel calculations; magnetic equilibria;
   variational integrators
ID MULTISTEP METHODS; CROSS-SECTION; CENTER MOTION; INTEGRATORS
AB Structure-preserving algorithms obtained via discrete variational principles exhibit strong promise for the calculation of guiding center test particle trajectories. The non-canonical Hamiltonian structure of the guiding center equations forms a novel and challenging context for geometric integration. To demonstrate the practical relevance of these methods, a prototypical variational midpoint algorithm is applied to an experimental magnetic equilibrium. The stability characteristics, conservation properties and implementation requirements associated with the variational algorithms are addressed. Furthermore, computational run time is reduced for large numbers of particles by parallelizing the calculation to use general-purpose graphics processing unit hardware.
C1 [Ellison, C. Leland; Qin, H.; Tang, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08550 USA.
   [Finn, J. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Qin, H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China.
RP Ellison, CL (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08550 USA.
EM lellison@pppl.gov
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]
FX The authors are grateful to J W Burby and M Kraus for helpful
   discussions on Hamiltonian systems and variational integrators.
   Similarly, we would like to thank N Logan and S Hudson for assistance
   with the EFIT equilibrium code. This work was performed under US
   Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-09CH11466.
NR 32
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 10
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0741-3335
EI 1361-6587
J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F
JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 57
IS 5
AR 054007
DI 10.1088/0741-3335/57/5/054007
PG 13
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CH8CP
UT WOS:000354263900008
ER

PT J
AU Halpern, FD
   Terry, JL
   Zweben, SJ
   LaBombard, B
   Podesta, M
   Ricci, P
AF Halpern, F. D.
   Terry, J. L.
   Zweben, S. J.
   LaBombard, B.
   Podesta, M.
   Ricci, P.
TI Comparison of 3D flux-driven scrape-off layer turbulence simulations
   with gas-puff imaging of Alcator C-Mod inner-wall limited discharges
SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop on the Theory of Fusion
   Plasmas
CY SEP 01-05, 2014
CL Varenna, ITALY
DE turbulence; gas-puff imaging; flux-driven; scrape-off layer
ID INTERCHANGE TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; FLUCTUATIONS; GEOMETRY; PLASMA
AB We carry out a quantitative comparison between gas-puff imaging (GPI) turbulence measurements in Alcator C-Mod inner-wall limited discharges (Zweben et al 2009 Phys. Plasmas 18 082505) and 3D flux-driven drift-reduced Braginskii turbulence simulations of scrape-off layer dynamics. The comparison is carried out for a series of inner-wall limited discharges where the magnetic field and the density are varied. The comparison between GPI data and non-linear simulations yields overall good agreement for several observables, such as the D-alpha emission levels and intermittency, the radial and poloidal correlation lengths and propagation velocities, and the power and frequency spectral density.
C1 [Halpern, F. D.; Ricci, P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   [Terry, J. L.; LaBombard, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Zweben, S. J.; Podesta, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
RP Halpern, FD (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
EM federico.halpern@epfl.ch
RI EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016
FU Swiss National Science Foundation; USDoE [DE-FC02-99ER54512,
   DE-AC02-09CH11466]; Euratom research and training programme [633053]
FX The authors would like to thank S Jolliet, J Loizu, A Mosetto, F Riva, C
   Wersal and T-M Tran for useful discussions. Parts of the simulations
   presented herein were carried out at the Swiss National Supercomputer
   Center (CSCS) under project ID s346; parts were carried out at the
   National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) under
   project GBSSOL; and parts were carried out using the HELIOS
   supercomputer system at the Computational Simulation Centre of the
   International Fusion Energy Research Centre (IFERCCSC), Aomori, Japan,
   under the Broader Approach collaboration between Euratom and Japan,
   implemented by Fusion for Energy and JAEA. This work was carried out
   within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium. It was supported in
   part by the Swiss National Science Foundation, in part by USDoE awards
   DE-FC02-99ER54512 and DE-AC02-09CH11466, and received funding from the
   Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement
   number 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not
   necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.
NR 30
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Z9 4
U1 1
U2 13
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0741-3335
EI 1361-6587
J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F
JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 57
IS 5
AR 054005
DI 10.1088/0741-3335/57/5/054005
PG 10
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Physics
GA CH8CP
UT WOS:000354263900006
ER

PT J
AU Boucher, TF
   Ozanne, MV
   Carmosino, ML
   Dyar, MD
   Mahadevan, S
   Breves, EA
   Lepore, KH
   Clegg, SM
AF Boucher, Thomas F.
   Ozanne, Marie V.
   Carmosino, Marco L.
   Dyar, M. Darby
   Mahadevan, Sridhar
   Breves, Elly A.
   Lepore, Kate H.
   Clegg, Samuel M.
TI A study of machine learning regression methods for major elemental
   analysis of rocks using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); Partial least squares
   (PLS); Support vector regression (SVR); Lasso; Principal component
   regression (PCR)
ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; MASS ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT
   SUITE; MODELS; MARS; CLASSIFICATION; SAMPLES; UNIT
AB The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Curiosity rover is generating thousands of LIBS spectra and bringing interest in this technique to public attention. The key to interpreting Mars or any other types of LIBS data are calibrations that relate laboratory standards to unknowns examined in other settings and enable predictions of chemical composition. Here, LIBS spectral data are analyzed using linear regression methods including partial least squares (PLS-1 and PLS-2), principal component regression (PCR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso), elastic net, and linear support vector regression (SVR-Lin). These were compared against results from nonlinear regression methods including kernel principal component regression (K-PCR), polynomial kernel support vector regression (SVR-Py) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) regression to discern the most effective models for interpreting chemical abundances from LIBS spectra of geological samples. The results were evaluated for 100 samples analyzed with 50 laser pulses at each of five location averaged together. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were employed to evaluate the statistical significance of differences among the nine models using their predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) to make comparisons. For MgO, SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, and MnO, the sparse models outperform all the others except for linear SVR, while for Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and P2O5, the sparse methods produce inferior results, likely because their emission lines in this energy range have lower transition probabilities. The strong performance of the sparse methods in this study suggests that use of dimensionality-reduction techniques as a preprocessing step may improve the performance of the linear models. Nonlinear methods tend to overfit the data and predict less accurately, while the linear methods proved to be more generalizable with better predictive performance. These results are attributed to the high dimensionality of the data (6144 channels) relative to the small number of samples studied. The best-performing models were SVR-Lin for SiO2, MgO, Fe2O3, and Na2O, lasso for Al2O3, elastic net for MnO, and PLS-1 for CaO, TiO2, and K2O. Although these differences in model performance between methods were identified, most of the models produce comparable results when p <= 0.05 and all techniques except kNN produced statistically-indistinguishable results. It is likely that a combination of models could be used together to yield a lower total error of prediction, depending on the requirements of the user. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Boucher, Thomas F.; Carmosino, Marco L.; Mahadevan, Sridhar] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   [Ozanne, Marie V.; Dyar, M. Darby; Breves, Elly A.; Lepore, Kate H.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA.
   [Clegg, Samuel M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Boucher, TF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Comp Sci, 140 Governors Dr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
EM boucher@cs.umass.edu
OI Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948
FU NSF [CHE-1306133, CHE-1307179]; NASA [NNG06GH35G, NNX09AL21G]
FX We are grateful for support from NSF grants CHE-1306133 and CHE-1307179
   and NASA grants NNG06GH35G and NNX09AL21G, and for student support from
   the Massachusetts Space Grant Consortium. We thank Michael Vollinger and
   Michael Rhodes for contributing analyzed samples and good advice to this
   project.
NR 45
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 9
U2 39
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0584-8547
J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B
JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 107
BP 1
EP 10
DI 10.1016/j.sab.2015.02.003
PG 10
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA CH6OE
UT WOS:000354155100001
ER

PT J
AU Frandsen, BA
   Billinge, SJL
AF Frandsen, Benjamin A.
   Billinge, Simon J. L.
TI Magnetic structure determination from the magnetic pair distribution
   function (mPDF): ground state of MnO
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES
LA English
DT Article
DE pair distribution function; magnetic pair distribution function; neutron
   scattering; magnetic structure; local structure
AB An experimental determination of the magnetic pair distribution function (mPDF) defined in an earlier paper [Frandsen et al. (2014). Acta Cryst. A70, 3-11] is presented for the first time. The mPDF was determined from neutron powder diffraction data from a reactor and a neutron time-of-flight total scattering source on a powder sample of the antiferromagnetic oxide MnO. A description of the data treatment that allowed the measured mPDF to be extracted and then modelled is provided and utilized to investigate the lowtemperature structure of MnO. Atomic and magnetic co-refinements support the scenario of a locally monoclinic ground-state atomic structure, despite the average structure being rhombohedral, with the mPDF analysis successfully recovering the known antiferromagnetic spin configuration. The total scattering data suggest a preference for the spin axis to lie along the pseudocubic [10 (1) over bar] direction. Finally, r-dependent PDF refinements indicate that the local monoclinic structure tends toward the average rhombohedral R (3) over barm symmetry over a length scale of approximately 100 angstrom.
C1 [Frandsen, Benjamin A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   [Billinge, Simon J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Billinge, SJL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA.
EM sb2896@columbia.edu
RI D20, Diffractometer/O-3123-2013
OI D20, Diffractometer/0000-0002-1572-1367
FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) Partnership in International
   Research and Education initiative (PIRE) [PIRE: OISE-0968226]; NSF
   Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-11-44155]; US Department of Energy
   (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; DOE Office
   of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX We gratefully acknowledge Michela Brunelli at the ILL and Joan Siewenie
   at the Lujan Center for valuable assistance during the data collection
   and processing stages, as well as Kate Page at the Lujan Center and
   Xiaohao Yang at Columbia University for useful discussions. BAF was
   supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Partnership in
   International Research and Education initiative (PIRE) via grant No.
   PIRE: OISE-0968226 and by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship via grant
   No. DGE-11-44155, and SJLB was supported by the US Department of Energy
   (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract No.
   DE-AC02-98CH10886. Neutron scattering experiments were carried out on
   NPDFat LANSCE, funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos
   National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC
   under DOE contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396.
NR 19
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 4
U2 22
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0108-7673
EI 1600-5724
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A
JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 71
BP 325
EP 334
DI 10.1107/S205327331500306X
PN 3
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA CH0NY
UT WOS:000353719200008
PM 25921501
ER

PT J
AU Dominguez, GA
   Lohse, SE
   Torelli, MD
   Murphy, CJ
   Hamers, RJ
   Orr, G
   Klaper, RD
AF Dominguez, Gustavo A.
   Lohse, Samuel E.
   Torelli, Marco D.
   Murphy, Catherine J.
   Hamers, Robert J.
   Orr, Galya
   Klaper, Rebecca D.
TI Effects of charge and surface ligand properties of nanoparticles on
   oxidative stress and gene expression within the gut of Daphnia magna
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ROS; gst; Gene expression; Nanotoxicity; Oxidative stress
ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; DIFFERENT SIZES; MEMORY
   DEVICES; TOXICITY; NANOMATERIALS; EXPOSURE; WATER; TIO2; ZNO
AB Concern has been raised regarding the current and future release of engineered nanomaterials into aquatic environments from industry and other sources. However, not all nanomaterials may cause an environmental impact and identifying which nanomaterials may be of greatest concern has been difficult. It is thought that the surface groups of a functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) may play a significant role in determining their interactions with aquatic organisms, but the way in which surface properties of NPs impact their toxicity in whole organisms has been minimally explored. A major point of interaction of NPs with aquatic organisms is in the gastrointestinal tract as they ingest particulates from the water column or from the sediment. The main goal of this study was to use model gold NP (AuNPs) to evaluate the potential effects of the different surfaces groups on NPs on the gut of an aquatic model organism, Daphnia magna. In this study, we exposed daphnids to a range of AuNPs concentrations and assessed the impact of AuNP exposure in the daphnid gut by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and general cellular stress: glutathione S-transferase (gst), catalase (cat), heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), and metallothioneinl (mt1). We found ROS formation and gene expression were impacted by both charge and the specific surface ligand used. We detected some degree of ROS production in all NP exposures, but positively charged AuNPs induced a greater ROS response. Similarly, we observed that, compared to controls, both positively charged AuNPs and only one negatively AuNP impacted expression of genes associated with cellular stress. Finally, ligand-AuNP exposures showed a different toxicity and gene expression profile than the ligand alone, indicating a NP specific effect. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Dominguez, Gustavo A.; Klaper, Rebecca D.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
   [Lohse, Samuel E.; Murphy, Catherine J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Torelli, Marco D.; Hamers, Robert J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Orr, Galya] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Klaper, RD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA.
EM rklaper@uwm.edu
RI Hamers, Robert/C-6466-2008; 
OI Hamers, Robert/0000-0003-3821-9625; Murphy,
   Catherine/0000-0001-7066-5575
FU National Science Foundation Chemistry Division through the Center for
   Chemical Innovation Program [CHE-1240151]
FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Chemistry
   Division through the Center for Chemical Innovation Program
   (CHE-1240151) to R. Hamers, C. Murphy, G. Orr and R. Klaper.
NR 56
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 11
U2 60
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
EI 1879-1514
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 162
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.02.015
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA CH2NA
UT WOS:000353860700002
PM 25734859
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, GE
   Ploskey, GR
   Sather, NK
   Teel, DJ
AF Johnson, Gary E.
   Ploskey, Gene R.
   Sather, Nichole K.
   Teel, David J.
TI Residence times of juvenile salmon and steelhead in off-channel tidal
   freshwater habitats, Columbia River, USA
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBYEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS;
   ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ESTUARY; MIGRATION; RESILIENCE; MOVEMENTS;
   SURVIVAL; OREGON
AB We documented two life history strategies for juvenile salmonids as expressed in off-channel tidal freshwater habitats of the Columbia River: (i) active migrations by upper river Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the primary spring and summer migration periods and (ii) overwinter rearing in tidal freshwater habitats by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and naturally produced Chinook salmon mostly from lower river sources. During spring-summer 2007-2008, acoustic-tagged fish originating above Bonneville Dam (rkm 234) had short residence times in off-channel areas (rkm 192-203): median 2.5 and 2.6 h for yearling (mean lengths 134 and 158 mm) and 3.0 and 3.4 h for subyearling (104 and 116 mm) Chinook salmon and 2.5 h for yearling steelhead (215 mm). The percentage of fish in off-channel areas out of the total in the main-and off-channels areas was highest for yearling Chinook salmon (8.1% and 9.3% for 2007 and 2008, respectively) and lowest for steelhead (4.0% for 2008) and subyearling Chinook salmon (3.6% and 6.1% for 2007 and 2008, respectively). In late January and early February 2010, 2011, and 2012, we captured and tagged yearling Chinook and coho salmon occupying off-channel tidal freshwater habitats. Median residence times in off-channel areas were 11.6-25.5 days for juvenile Chinook (106, 115, and 118 mm, respectively by year) and 11.2 days for coho salmon (116 mm). This study is the first to estimate residence times for juvenile salmonids specifically in off-channel areas of tidal fresh water and, most importantly, residence times for Chinook salmon expressing a life history of overwintering in tidal fresh water. The findings support restoration of shallow off-channel habitats in tidal freshwater portions of the Columbia River.
C1 [Johnson, Gary E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Portland, OR 97204 USA.
   [Ploskey, Gene R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, North Bonneville, WA 98639 USA.
   [Sather, Nichole K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA.
   [Teel, David J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA 98353 USA.
RP Johnson, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 620 SW 5th Ave, Portland, OR 97204 USA.
EM gary.johnson@pnnl.gov
FU Bonneville Power Administration (BPA); US Army Corps of Engineers
   Portland District (USACE)
FX This research was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)
   and the US Army Corps of Engineers Portland District (USACE). We are
   grateful to Blaine Ebberts, Brad Eppard, Mike Langeslay, and Cindy
   Studebaker (USACE) and Tracey Yerxa (BPA) for supporting the study;
   David Kuligowski of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for
   analyzing the genetic samples; Earl Dawley (NMFS, retired) for
   summarizing migration characteristics; and Adam Storch and Tucker Jones
   of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Amanda Bryson, Daniel
   Deng, Susan Ennor, Eric Fischer, Matt Hennen, James Hughes, Ron Kaufman,
   Geoff McMichael, Mark Weiland, Christa Woodley, and Shon Zimmerman of
   the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for helping conduct the study.
   We sincerely appreciate the insightful comments from three anonymous
   peer reviewers.
NR 61
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U1 5
U2 31
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
EI 1205-7533
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 72
IS 5
BP 684
EP 696
DI 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0085
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA CG9HW
UT WOS:000353626800005
ER

PT J
AU Kayler, ZE
   De Boeck, HJ
   Fatichi, S
   Grunzweig, JM
   Merbold, L
   Beier, C
   McDowell, N
   Dukes, JS
AF Kayler, Zachary E.
   De Boeck, Hans J.
   Fatichi, Simone
   Gruenzweig, Jose M.
   Merbold, Lutz
   Beier, Claus
   McDowell, Nathan
   Dukes, Jeffrey S.
TI Experiments to confront the environmental extremes of climate change
SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID VEGETATION MORTALITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ELEVATED CO2; DROUGHT;
   CARBON; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION; CONSEQUENCES; RESPONSES; WATER
AB Extreme climate conditions can dramatically alter ecosystems and are expected to become more common in the future; however, our understanding of species and ecosystem responses to extreme conditions is limited. We must meet this challenge by designing experiments that cover broad ranges of environmental stress, extending to levels well beyond those observed currently. Such experiments are important because they can identify physiological, community, and biogeochemical thresholds, and improve our understanding of mechanistic ecological responses to climate extremes. Although natural environmental gradients can be used to observe a range of ecological responses, manipulation experiments including those that impose drought and heat gradients are necessary to induce variation beyond common limits. Importantly, manipulation experiments allow for determination of the cause and effect of species and ecosystem threshold responses. We present a rationale and recommendations for conducting extreme experiments that extend beyond the historical and even the predicted ranges of environmental conditions.
C1 [Kayler, Zachary E.] Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Inst Landscape Biogeochem, Muncheberg, Germany.
   [De Boeck, Hans J.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, Res Grp Plant & Vegetat Ecol, Antwerp, Belgium.
   [Fatichi, Simone] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Gruenzweig, Jose M.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Robert H Smith Fac Agr Food & Environm, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel.
   [Merbold, Lutz] ETH, Inst Agr Sci, Zurich, Switzerland.
   [Beier, Claus] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway.
   [McDowell, Nathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Dukes, Jeffrey S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Kayler, ZE (reprint author), Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res ZALF, Inst Landscape Biogeochem, Muncheberg, Germany.
EM kayler@zalf.de
RI Merbold, Lutz/K-6103-2012; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016; Dukes,
   Jeffrey/C-9765-2009; De Boeck, Hans/N-6153-2016; 
OI Merbold, Lutz/0000-0003-4974-170X; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179;
   Dukes, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9482-7743; De Boeck, Hans/0000-0003-2180-8837;
   Fatichi, Simone/0000-0003-1361-6659
FU CARBO-Extreme (FP7) [226701]; Integrated Network for Terrestrial
   Ecosystem Research on Feedbacks to the Atmosphere and Climate
   (INTERFACE) [NSF DEB-0955771]; Integrated Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere
   Processes Study (iLEAPS); VELUX Foundation
FX This paper resulted from discussions held during the Open Science
   Conference on Climate Extremes and Biogeochemical Cycles in the
   Terrestrial Biosphere: Impacts and Feedbacks Across Scales, in Seefeld,
   Austria. The meeting was sponsored by CARBO-Extreme (FP7 2007-2013,
   grant agreement 226701), the Integrated Network for Terrestrial
   Ecosystem Research on Feedbacks to the Atmosphere and Climate
   (INTERFACE) (NSF DEB-0955771), and the Integrated Land
   Ecosystem-Atmosphere Processes Study (iLEAPS). CB was supported by the
   VELUX Foundation through the CLIMAITE project. HJDB is a post-doctoral
   researcher of the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders. We thank N
   Glaesner for incisive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.
NR 28
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U1 4
U2 46
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 1540-9295
EI 1540-9309
J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON
JI Front. Ecol. Environ.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 13
IS 4
BP 219
EP 225
DI 10.1890/140174
PG 7
WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CH4KJ
UT WOS:000354002100017
ER

PT J
AU Carlson, LC
   Alfonso, EL
   Huang, H
   Nikroo, A
   Schoff, ME
   Emerich, MN
   Bunn, T
   Antipa, NA
   Horner, JB
AF Carlson, L. C.
   Alfonso, E. L.
   Huang, H.
   Nikroo, A.
   Schoff, M. E.
   Emerich, M. N.
   Bunn, T.
   Antipa, N. A.
   Horner, J. B.
TI AUTOMATION OF NIF TARGET CHARACTERIZATION AND LASER ABLATION OF DOMES
   USING THE 4PI SYSTEM
SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 4pi; Leica; laser ablation
AB Capsules for inertial confinement fusion require precise measurement of isolated features and domes on the capsule's outer suiface. Features that are too large must be removed. A 4pi capsule mapping and characterization system has been developed to map, identify, and measure domes using a Leica confocal microscope. An ultraviolet wavelength laser was integrated to laser-ablate the offending domes that exceed the allowable mix mass. Current process methods to remove domes require three different stations in different locations. The 4pi system achieves automated capsule handling, metrology, and laser polishing/ablation of domes on one device without losing track of the capsule's orientation. The measurement technique and metrology accuracy are compared to patch atomic force microscopy scans and phase-shifting diffraction inteiferometer measurements with good correlation. The laser polishing method has demonstrated analogous results to the current process methods, but in an automated fashion. Additionally, the 4pi capsule-handling capability of the system has been used to laser-ablate purposeful engineered designs into specialty capsules.
C1 [Carlson, L. C.; Alfonso, E. L.; Huang, H.; Nikroo, A.; Schoff, M. E.; Emerich, M. N.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
   [Bunn, T.; Antipa, N. A.; Horner, J. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
RP Carlson, LC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA.
EM carlson@fusion.gat.com
FU General Atomics independent research and development funds
FX This work has been supported by General Atomics independent research and
   development funds.
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 1536-1055
EI 1943-7641
J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL
JI Fusion Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 67
IS 4
BP 762
EP 770
PG 9
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH3LH
UT WOS:000353931700007
ER

PT J
AU Kumar, NAPK
   Leonard, KJ
   Jellison, GE
   Snead, LL
AF Kumar, N. A. P. Kiran
   Leonard, K. J.
   Jellison, G. E.
   Snead, L. L.
TI HIGH-DOSE NEUTRON IRRADIATION PERFORMANCE OF DIELECTRIC MIRRORS
SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE dielectric mirrors; neutron irradiation; multilayer
ID HOLE ALUMINUM CENTERS; THIN-FILMS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; INDUCED
   DENSIFICATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTALLINE
   SIO2; AMORPHOUS SILICA; VITREOUS SILICA; WATER SORPTION
AB The study presents the high-dose behavior of dielectric mirrors specifically engineered for radiation tolerance. Alternating layers of Al2O3/SiO2 and HfO2/SiO2 were grown on sapphire substrates and exposed to neutron doses of I and 4 displacements per atom (dpa) at 458 +/- 10 K in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). In comparison to previously reported results, these higher doses of 1 and 4 dpa result in a drastic drop in optical reflectance, caused by a failure of the multilayer coating. HfO2/SiO2 mirrors failed completely when exposed to I dpa, whereas the reflectance of Al2O3/SiO2 mirrors reduced to 44%, eventually failing at 4 dpa. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of the Al2O3/SiO2 specimens showed SiO2 layer defects, which increase in size with irradiation dose. The typical size of each defect was approximate to 8 nm in 1-dpa specimens and approximate to 42 nm in 4-dpa specimens. Buckling-type delamination of the interface between the substrate and first layer was typically observed in both 1- and 4-dpa HfO2/SiO2 specimens. Composition changes across the layers were measured in high-resolution-scanning-TEM mode using energy dispersive spectroscopy. A significant interdiffusion between the film layers was observed in the Al2O3/SiO2 mirror, although it was less evident in the HfO2/SiO2 system. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide insight into the radiation-induced failure mechanisms of these mirrors.
C1 [Kumar, N. A. P. Kiran; Leonard, K. J.; Jellison, G. E.; Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Kumar, NAPK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM anantha.nimishakavi@mail.mcgill.ca
FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Office of Science; Fusion Energy
   Sciences; Office of Basic Energy Sciences
FX The authors would like to thank M. Williams and P. Tedder for their
   assistance in postirradiation examination of the samples in the LAMDA
   laboratory. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy
   (DOE), Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences. Irradiations were
   carried out in the HFIR, also sponsored through the Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, DOE.
NR 60
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA
SN 1536-1055
EI 1943-7641
J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL
JI Fusion Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 67
IS 4
BP 771
EP 783
PG 13
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA CH3LH
UT WOS:000353931700008
ER

PT J
AU Fyke, JG
   D'Orgeville, M
   Weaver, AJ
AF Fyke, Jeremy G.
   D'Orgeville, Marc
   Weaver, Andrew J.
TI Drake Passage and Central American Seaway controls on the distribution
   of the oceanic carbon reservoir
SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
LA English
DT Article
DE Carbon cycle; Ocean gateways; Oceanography
ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE;
   NORTH-ATLANTIC; PANAMA UPLIFT; MODEL; PACIFIC; CLOSURE; SENSITIVITY;
   GLACIATION
AB A coupled carbon/climate model is used to explore the impact of Drake Passage opening and Central American Seaway closure on the distribution of carbon in the global oceans. We find that gateway evolution likely played an important role in setting the modern day distribution of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), which is currently characterized by relatively low concentrations in the Atlantic Ocean, and high concentrations in the Southern, Indian, and Pacific oceans. In agreement with previous studies, we find a closed Drake Passage in the presence of an open Central American Seaway results in suppressed Atlantic meridional overturning and enhanced southern hemispheric deep convection. Opening of the Drake Passage triggers Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow and a weak Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Subsequent Central American Seaway closure reinforces the AMOC while also stagnating equatorial Pacific subsurface waters. These gateway-derived oceanographic changes are reflected in large shifts to the global distribution of DIC. An initially closed Drake Passage results in high DIC concentrations in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, and lower DIC concentrations in the Pacific/Indian/Southern oceans. Opening Drake Passage reverses this gradient by lowering mid-depth Atlantic and Arctic DIC concentrations and raising deep Pacific/Indian/Southern Ocean DIC concentrations. Central American Seaway closure further reinforces this trend through additional Atlantic mid-depth DIC decreases, as well as Pacific mid-depth DIC concentration increases, with the net effect being a transition to a modern distribution of oceanic DIC Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 [Fyke, Jeremy G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [D'Orgeville, Marc] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
   [Weaver, Andrew J.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.
RP Fyke, JG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM fyke@lanl.gov
RI Weaver, Andrew/E-7590-2011
NR 60
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-8181
EI 1872-6364
J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE
JI Glob. Planet. Change
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 128
BP 72
EP 82
DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.02.011
PG 11
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA CH2JY
UT WOS:000353852700007
ER

PT J
AU Jordan, DC
   Sekulic, B
   Marion, B
   Kurtz, SR
AF Jordan, Dirk C.
   Sekulic, B.
   Marion, B.
   Kurtz, Sarah R.
TI Performance and Aging of a 20-Year-Old Silicon PV System
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Degradation; durability; field performance; photovoltaic system;
   reliability
ID DEGRADATION
AB This paper examines the long-term performance of a 20-year-old crystalline silicon system. The degradation was found to be about 0.8%/year and is consistent with historical averages. In contrast with themajority of historical degradation, the decline for this particular system is more attributable to fill factor (FF) than to short-circuit current (Isc). The underlying cause was determined to be an increase in series resistance. We found no evidence that this system degrades significantly differently from its worst performing strings and modules. Maintenance events during the 20 years were dominated by inverter issues with a total of four replacements.
C1 [Jordan, Dirk C.; Sekulic, B.; Marion, B.; Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Jordan, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM dirk.jordan@nrel.gov; Bill.Sekulic@nrel.gov; bill.marion@nrel.gov;
   Sarah.Kurtz@nrel.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable
   Energy Laboratory
FX Manuscript received November 26, 2014; revised January 7, 2015; accepted
   January 19, 2015. Date of publication February 13, 2015; date of current
   version April 17, 2015. This work was supported by the U.S. Department
   of Energy under Contract DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable
   Energy Laboratory.
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 13
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-3381
J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT
JI IEEE J. Photovolt.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 3
BP 744
EP 751
DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2396360
PG 8
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA CG8IJ
UT WOS:000353550500006
ER

PT J
AU Ahsan, N
   Miyashita, N
   Yu, KM
   Walukiewicz, W
   Okada, Y
AF Ahsan, Nazmul
   Miyashita, Naoya
   Yu, Kin Man
   Walukiewicz, Wladek
   Okada, Yoshitaka
TI Electron Barrier Engineering in a Thin-Film Intermediate-Band Solar Cell
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Dilute nitride; intermediate-band (IB) solar cell; molecular beam
   epitaxy (MBE); thin-film solar cell
ID EFFICIENCY; GAINNAS; GAAS
AB Improved open-circuit voltages have been achieved in dilute nitride thin-film intermediate-band solar cells by optimizing intermediate-band barrier layers. The blocking properties of the AlGaAs electron barrier are found to critically depend on the barrier-doping level. Open-circuit voltages V-OC improved when electron-doping levels in the AlGaAs barriers were reduced. This is ascribed to the increased association of V-OC with the larger gap defined by the valence and conduction bands due to the improved electrical isolation of the intermediate band.
C1 [Ahsan, Nazmul; Miyashita, Naoya; Okada, Yoshitaka] Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo 1538904, Japan.
   [Yu, Kin Man; Walukiewicz, Wladek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Ahsan, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, Tokyo 1538904, Japan.
EM ahsan@mbe.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; miyashita@mbe.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp;
   KMYu@lbl.gov; W_Walukiewicz@lbl.gov; okada@mbe.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp
OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642
FU New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization; Ministry
   of Economy, Trade, and Industry, Japan; U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences, and
   Engineering Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX Manuscript received June 30, 2014; revised January 30, 2015; accepted
   February 23, 2015. Date of publication April 1, 2015; date of current
   version April 17, 2015. This work was performed under SOLAR QUEST
   Program supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology
   Development Organization and Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry,
   Japan. A part of this work was performed at the Lawrence Berkeley
   National Laboratory that was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences, and
   Engineering Division under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 31
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U1 3
U2 18
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-3381
J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT
JI IEEE J. Photovolt.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 3
BP 878
EP 884
DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2412451
PG 7
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA CG8IJ
UT WOS:000353550500024
ER

PT J
AU Nardone, M
   Albin, DS
AF Nardone, Marco
   Albin, David S.
TI Degradation of CdTe Solar Cells: Simulation and Experiment
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Defect kinetics; degradation; numerical modeling; reliability;
   semiconductor simulation; thin-film photovoltaics
ID STABILITY
AB Time-dependent numerical modeling is employed in conjunction with experimental data to investigate degradation mechanisms in cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells. Two mechanisms are tested against the data: 1) defect generation in the junction region caused by excess charge carriers and reactant defects and 2) back barrier increase. Junction effects result in stable J(sc) with significant losses in V-oc and FF, in accordance with typical data for the type of light-soak stress conditions considered here. The back barrier increase causes additional FF loss. The results suggest that both mid-gap recombination centers and shallow acceptor-type defects form near the main junction as degradation proceeds. Our data reaffirm that the inclusion of copper in the back contact is associated with better initial performance and more rapid degradation. Correlations were observed between degradation rates and apparent doping hysteresis obtained from bidirectional capacitance-voltage (C-V) scans. Our time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) results show no correlation between light-soak-induced V-oc loss and PL lifetime.
C1 [Nardone, Marco] Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA.
   [Albin, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
RP Nardone, M (reprint author), Bowling Green State Univ, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA.
EM marcon@bgsu.edu; David.albin@nrel.gov
NR 25
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 31
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-3381
J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT
JI IEEE J. Photovolt.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 3
BP 962
EP 967
DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2405763
PG 6
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA CG8IJ
UT WOS:000353550500036
ER

PT J
AU Essig, S
   Benick, J
   Schachtner, M
   Wekkeli, A
   Hermle, M
   Dimroth, F
AF Essig, Stephanie
   Benick, Jan
   Schachtner, Michael
   Wekkeli, Alexander
   Hermle, Martin
   Dimroth, Frank
TI Wafer-Bonded GaInP/GaAs//Si Solar Cells With 30% Efficiency Under
   Concentrated Sunlight
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
LA English
DT Article
DE Multijunction solar cell; silicon; wafer bonding; III-V semiconductor
   materials
ID SI; SILICON; DEVICES; GAAS
AB Highly efficient III-V/Si triple-junction solar cells were realized by a fabrication process based on direct wafer bonding: Ga0.51In0.49P/GaAs dual-junction solar cells were grown inverted by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on GaAs substrates and bonded to separately fabricated Si solar cells. The fast atom beam activated direct wafer bond between highly doped n-Si and n-GaAs enabled a transparent and electrically conductive interface. Challenges arising from the different thermal expansion coefficients of Si and the III-V semiconductors were circumvented, as the bonding was performed atmoderate temperatures of 120 degrees C. The external quantum efficiency and current-voltage characteristics of the wafer-bonded triple-junction solar cells were thoroughly investigated, and a maximum efficiency of 30.0% was found for a concentration factor of 112.
C1 [Essig, Stephanie; Benick, Jan; Schachtner, Michael; Wekkeli, Alexander; Hermle, Martin; Dimroth, Frank] Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany.
RP Essig, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA.
EM Stephanie.Essig@nrel.gov; jan.benick@ise.fraunhofer.de;
   michael.schachtner@ise.fraunhofer.de;
   alexander.wekkeli@ise.fraunhofer.de; martin.hermle@ise.fraunhofer.de;
   frank.dimroth@ise.fraunhofer.de
FU German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU)
FX Manuscript received August 30, 2014; revised November 29, 2014 and
   January 21, 2015; accepted January 26, 2015. Date of publication
   February 19, 2015; date of current version April 17, 2015. The work of
   S. Essig was supported by the German Federal Environmental Foundation
   (DBU).
NR 21
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U2 32
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-3381
J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT
JI IEEE J. Photovolt.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 3
BP 977
EP 981
DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2400212
PG 5
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA CG8IJ
UT WOS:000353550500038
ER

PT J
AU Alam, MK
   Khan, F
   Johnson, J
   Flicker, J
AF Alam, Mohammed Khorshed
   Khan, Faisal
   Johnson, Jay
   Flicker, Jack
TI A Comprehensive Review of Catastrophic Faults in PV Arrays: Types,
   Detection, and Mitigation Techniques
SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
LA English
DT Review
DE Arc fault; fire; ground fault; line-to-line; photovoltaic (PV)
ID SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAYS; SYSTEMS; VOLTAGE; PROTECTION; MODULES;
   CLASSIFICATION
AB Three major catastrophic failures in photovoltaic (PV) arrays are ground faults, line-to-line faults, and arc faults. Although there have not been many such failures, recent fire events on April 5, 2009, in Bakersfield, CA, USA, and on April 16, 2011, in Mount Holly, NC, USA, suggest the need for improvements in present fault detection and mitigation techniques, as well as amendments to existing codes and standards to avoid such accidents. This review investigates the effect of faults on the operation of PV arrays and identifies limitations to existing detection and mitigation methods. Asurvey of state-of-the-art fault detection and mitigation technologies and commercially available products is also presented.
C1 [Alam, Mohammed Khorshed; Khan, Faisal] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   [Johnson, Jay; Flicker, Jack] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA.
RP Alam, MK (reprint author), Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48126 USA.
EM khorshed.alam@utah.edu; faisal.khan@utah.edu; jjohns2@sandia.gov;
   jdflick@sandia.gov
NR 80
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 3
U2 12
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2156-3381
J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT
JI IEEE J. Photovolt.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 5
IS 3
BP 982
EP 997
DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2397599
PG 16
WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics
GA CG8IJ
UT WOS:000353550500039
ER

PT J
AU Papavasiliou, A
   Oren, SS
   Rountree, B
AF Papavasiliou, Anthony
   Oren, Shmuel S.
   Rountree, Barry
TI Applying High Performance Computing to Transmission-Constrained
   Stochastic Unit Commitment for Renewable Energy Integration
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Lagrangian relaxation; parallel computing; scenario selection;
   stochastic optimization; unit commitment
ID OPTIMAL POWER-FLOW; LAGRANGIAN-RELAXATION; WIND POWER; HYDROTHERMAL
   SYSTEM; SCENARIO REDUCTION; OPTIMIZATION; GENERATION; UNCERTAINTY;
   SPEED; ALGORITHMS
AB We present a parallel implementation of Lagrangian relaxation for solving stochastic unit commitment subject to uncertainty in renewable power supply and generator and transmission line failures. We describe a scenario selection algorithm inspired by importance sampling in order to formulate the stochastic unit commitment problem and validate its performance by comparing it to a stochastic formulation with a very large number of scenarios, that we are able to solve through parallelization. We examine the impact of narrowing the duality gap on the performance of stochastic unit commitment and compare it to the impact of increasing the number of scenarios in the model. We report results on the running time of the model and discuss the applicability of the method in an operational setting.
C1 [Papavasiliou, Anthony] Catholic Univ Louvain, CORE, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
   [Papavasiliou, Anthony] Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Engn Math, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
   [Oren, Shmuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Ind Engn & Operat Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Rountree, Barry] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Papavasiliou, A (reprint author), Catholic Univ Louvain, CORE, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium.
EM anthony.papavasiliou@uclouvain.be; oren@ieor.berkeley.edu;
   rountree4@llnl.gov
OI Papavasiliou, Anthony/0000-0002-2236-2251
FU National Science Foundation [IIP 0969016]; U.S. Department of Energy
   through the Future Grid initiative; Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory
FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation
   [Grant IIP 0969016], in part by the U.S. Department of Energy through
   the Future Grid initiative administered by the Power Systems Engineering
   Research Center, and in part by the Lawrence Livermore National
   Laboratory. Paper no. TPWRS-00251-2013.
NR 46
TC 8
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U1 2
U2 11
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0885-8950
EI 1558-0679
J9 IEEE T POWER SYST
JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 30
IS 3
BP 1109
EP 1120
DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2341354
PG 12
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CG9MX
UT WOS:000353641000001
ER

PT J
AU Jabarnejad, M
   Wang, JH
   Valenzuela, J
AF Jabarnejad, Masood
   Wang, Jianhui
   Valenzuela, Jorge
TI A Decomposition Approach for Solving Seasonal Transmission Switching
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Decomposition; mixed integer programming; power generation dispatch and
   economics; seasonal transmission switching (STS)
ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; SECURITY; NETWORK
AB Economic transmission switching has been proposed as a new control paradigm to improve the economics of electric power systems. In practice, the transmission switching operation itself is a disruptive action to the system. Frequently switching lines into or out of service can create undesirable effects on the security and reliability of power systems and may require new investments in the automation and control systems. In this paper, we formulate an economic seasonal transmission switching model where transmission switching occurs once at the beginning of a time period (season) and then the transmission topology remains unchanged during that period. The proposed seasonal transmission switching model is a large-scale mixed integer programming problem. The objective of the optimization model is to minimize the total energy generation cost over the season subject to loads and N-1 reliability requirements. We develop a novel decomposition method that decomposes the seasonal problem into one-hour problems which are then solved efficiently. We demonstrate our model and the decomposition approach on the 14-bus, 39-bus, and 118-bus power systems and show potential cost savings in each case.
C1 [Jabarnejad, Masood; Valenzuela, Jorge] Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
   [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Jabarnejad, M (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
EM masood@auburn.edu; jianhui.wang@anl.gov; valenjo@auburn.edu
NR 22
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Z9 2
U1 2
U2 10
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0885-8950
EI 1558-0679
J9 IEEE T POWER SYST
JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 30
IS 3
BP 1203
EP 1211
DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2343944
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CG9MX
UT WOS:000353641000009
ER

PT J
AU Qiu, F
   Wang, JH
AF Qiu, Feng
   Wang, Jianhui
TI Chance-Constrained Transmission Switching With Guaranteed Wind Power
   Utilization
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Chance constraint; mixed-integer linear program; transmission switching;
   wind energy
ID SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CORRECTIVE CONTROL; UNIT COMMITMENT; SECURITY;
   SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; MARKETS; FLOW; LINE
AB Due to the significant variability and uncertainty of wind power over short time scales, high penetration of wind power can be problematic in an electric grid. One of the critical issues is how to keep increasing wind penetration without jeopardizing grid security and reliability. This paper explores the possibility of changing transmission network topology, by transmission switching, to accommodate higher utilization of wind power and reduce the generation costs of thermal units. Considering the uncertainty in wind power output, we use chance constraints to ensure that the wind energy utilized exceeds a minimal usage level at a certain probability. We develop a deterministic approximation approach using sample average approximation and provide a strong extended formulation. Numerical results show the potential benefit the proposed model can achieve.
C1 [Qiu, Feng; Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
RP Qiu, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA.
EM fqiu@anl.gov; jianhui.wang@anl.gov
FU Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE
   AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity
   Delivery and Energy Reliability
FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC,
   Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S.
   Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under
   Contract DE AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and
   others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable
   worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative
   works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display
   publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. This work was supported by
   the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity Delivery and
   Energy Reliability. Paper no. TPWRS-01423-2013.
NR 35
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U1 3
U2 9
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0885-8950
EI 1558-0679
J9 IEEE T POWER SYST
JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 30
IS 3
BP 1270
EP 1278
DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2346987
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CG9MX
UT WOS:000353641000016
ER

PT J
AU Levin, T
   Botterud, A
AF Levin, Todd
   Botterud, Audun
TI Capacity Adequacy and Revenue Sufficiency in Electricity Markets With
   Wind Power
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Capacity adequacy; electricity markets; generation expansion; revenue
   sufficiency; wind power
ID FLEXIBILITY
AB We present a computationally efficient mixed-integer program (MIP) that determines optimal generator expansion decisions, as well as periodic unit commitment and dispatch. The model is applied to analyze the impact of increasing wind power capacity on the optimal generation mix and the profitability of thermal generators. In a case study, we find that increasing wind penetration reduces energy prices while the prices for operating reserves increase. Moreover, scarcity pricing for operating reserves through reserve shortfall penalties significantly impacts the prices and profitability of thermal generators. Without scarcity pricing, no thermal units are profitable, however scarcity pricing can ensure profitability for peaking units at high wind penetration levels. Capacity payments can also ensure profitability, but the payments required for baseload units to break even increase with the amount of wind power. The results indicate that baseload units are most likely to experience revenue sufficiency problems when wind penetration increases and new baseload units are only developed when natural gas prices are high and wind penetration is low.
C1 [Levin, Todd; Botterud, Audun] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60437 USA.
RP Levin, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60437 USA.
EM tlevin@anl.gov; abotterud@anl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy through its Wind and Water Power Program; U.S. Department of
   Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through its Wind and Water Power
   Program. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne,
   LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a
   U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated
   under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Paper no. TPWRS-00203-2014.
NR 26
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U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0885-8950
EI 1558-0679
J9 IEEE T POWER SYST
JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 30
IS 3
BP 1644
EP 1653
DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2403714
PG 10
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CG9MX
UT WOS:000353641000056
ER

PT J
AU Sun, HB
   Guo, QL
   Zhang, BM
   Guo, Y
   Li, ZS
   Wang, JH
AF Sun, Hongbin
   Guo, Qinglai
   Zhang, Boming
   Guo, Ye
   Li, Zhengshuo
   Wang, Jianhui
TI Master-Slave-Splitting Based Distributed Global Power Flow Method for
   Integrated Transmission and Distribution Analysis
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID
LA English
DT Article
DE Distributed computation; distribution grid; integrated transmission and
   distribution; master-slave-splitting (MSS); power flow; transmission
   grid
ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; FEEDER RECONFIGURATION; CAPACITOR PLACEMENT; LOSS
   REDUCTION; LOAD FLOW; GENERATION; ALGORITHM; NETWORKS; MODEL
AB With the recent rapid development of smart grid technology, the distribution grids become more active, and the interaction between transmission and distribution grids becomes more significant. However, in traditional power flow calculations, transmission and distribution grids are separated, which is not suitable for such future smart grids. To achieve a global unified power flow solution to support an integrated analysis for both transmission and distribution grids, we propose a global power flow (GPF) method that considers transmission and distribution grids as a whole in this paper. We construct GPF equations, and develop a master-slave-splitting (MSS) iterative method with convergence guarantee to alleviate boundary mismatches between the transmission and distribution grids. In our method, the GPF problem is split into a transmission power flow and a number of distribution power flow sub-problems, which supports on-line geographically distributed computation. Each sub-problem can be solved using a different power flow algorithm to capture the different features of transmission and distribution grids. An equivalent method is proposed to improve the convergence of the MSS-based GPF calculation for distribution grids that include loops. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, in particular when the distribution grid has loops or distributed generators.
C1 [Sun, Hongbin; Guo, Qinglai; Zhang, Boming; Guo, Ye; Li, Zhengshuo] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, State Key Lab Power Syst, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA.
RP Sun, HB (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, State Key Lab Power Syst, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
EM shb@tsinghua.edu.cn
FU National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)
   [2013CB228203]; National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars
   [51025725]; Innovative Research Groups of the Natural Science Foundation
   of China (NSFC) [51321005]; NSFC [51277105]; U.S. Department of Energy
   (DOE) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
FX This work was supported in part by the National Key Basic Research
   Program of China (973 Program) under Grant 2013CB228203, in part by the
   National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars under Grant
   51025725, in part by the Innovative Research Groups of the Natural
   Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 51321005, and in part by
   the NSFC under Grant 51277105. J. Wang's work is supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
   Reliability.
NR 28
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 8
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1949-3053
EI 1949-3061
J9 IEEE T SMART GRID
JI IEEE Trans. Smart Grid
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 6
IS 3
BP 1484
EP 1492
DI 10.1109/TSG.2014.2336810
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CG7XT
UT WOS:000353521500040
ER

PT J
AU Powell, JD
   Hess, BM
   Hutchison, JR
   Straub, TM
AF Powell, Joshua D.
   Hess, Becky M.
   Hutchison, Janine R.
   Straub, Timothy M.
TI Construction of an in vitro primary lung co-culture platform derived
   from New Zealand white rabbits
SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RETINOIC ACID; DIFFERENTIATION; PHENOTYPE;
   CULTURE; ANTHRAX; STATE; MODEL
C1 [Powell, Joshua D.; Hess, Becky M.; Hutchison, Janine R.; Straub, Timothy M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Signature Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Powell, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Signature Sci Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN P7-50,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM joshua.powell@pnnl.gov
FU Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate
   [HSHQPM-14-X-00037]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO]
FX The Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate
   provided the funding for this research through contract
   HSHQPM-14-X-00037 to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific
   Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute
   for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RLO.
   Equipment and reagents reported in this research do not constitute an
   endorsement by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory or the United
   States Department of Homeland Security.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 5
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1071-2690
EI 1543-706X
J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN
JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 51
IS 5
BP 433
EP 440
DI 10.1007/s11626-014-9853-z
PG 8
WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology
GA CH2GF
UT WOS:000353843000001
PM 25491427
ER

PT J
AU Sengupta, D
   Hawkins, TR
   Smith, RL
AF Sengupta, Debalina
   Hawkins, Troy R.
   Smith, Raymond L.
TI Using national inventories for estimating environmental impacts of
   products from industrial sectors: a case study of ethanol and gasoline
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
LA English
DT Article
DE Biofuel; Biorefinery; Emission factors; Ethanol; Gasoline; National
   Emissions Inventory (NEI); Toxics Release Inventory ( TRI); Uncertainty
ID LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; SUPPLY CHAINS; DESIGN
AB In order to understand the environmental outcomes associated with the life cycle of a product, to compare these outcomes across products, or to design more sustainable supply chains, it is often desirable to estimate results for a reference supply chain representative of the conditions for a sector in a specific region. This paper, by examining ethanol and gasoline production processes, explains how choices made in the calculation of sector-representative emission factors can have a significant effect on the emission estimates used in life cycle assessments.
   This study estimates reference emission factors for United States dry-grind corn ethanol production and gasoline production processes suitable for use in baseline life cycle assessment unit processes. Based on facility-specific emissions and activity rates from the United States National Emissions Inventory, the Energy Information Administration, and an ethanol industry trade publication, the average emissions per unit energy content of fuel are computed using three different approaches. The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) characterization factors are used to estimate impact potentials for six environmental and three human health categories. Sector-specific direct emissions and impact potentials are compared across the three approaches and between the two sectors. The system boundary for this analysis is limited to the fuel production stage of these transportation fuel lifecycles.
   Findings from this work suggest that average emission factors based on total emissions and total production may significantly under estimate actual process emissions due to reporting thresholds and otherwise unreported emissions.
   Because of the potential for unreported emissions in regional inventories, it is more appropriate to estimate sector reference emission factors based on matched sets of facility or process level emissions and activity rates than to use aggregated totals. This study demonstrates a method which can be used for inventory development in cases where multiple facilities producing the same product are involved.
C1 [Sengupta, Debalina] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
   [Sengupta, Debalina; Hawkins, Troy R.; Smith, Raymond L.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EM smith.raymond@epa.gov
FU EPA Office of Research and Development; Office of Research and
   Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States
   Environmental Protection Agency
FX The work presented here was funded by the EPA Office of Research and
   Development. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the
   Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and
   Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States
   Environmental Protection Agency, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute
   for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the
   United States Department of Energy and EPA.
NR 31
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Z9 4
U1 0
U2 10
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 0948-3349
EI 1614-7502
J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS
JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 20
IS 5
BP 597
EP 607
DI 10.1007/s11367-015-0859-x
PG 11
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CG8QF
UT WOS:000353573800003
ER

PT J
AU Wilkins, RC
   Beaton-Green, LA
   Lachapelle, S
   Kutzner, BC
   Ferrarotto, C
   Chauhan, V
   Marro, L
   Livingston, GK
   Greene, HB
   Flegal, FN
AF Wilkins, Ruth C.
   Beaton-Green, Lindsay A.
   Lachapelle, Sylvie
   Kutzner, Barbara C.
   Ferrarotto, Catherine
   Chauhan, Vinita
   Marro, Leonora
   Livingston, Gordon K.
   Greene, Hillary Boulay
   Flegal, Farrah N.
TI Evaluation of the annual Canadian biodosimetry network intercomparisons
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Intercomparison; biodosimetry; dicentric chromosome assay; emergency
   response
ID DICENTRIC CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS; RADIATION BIODOSIMETRY; BIOLOGICAL
   DOSIMETRY; CYTOGENETIC DOSIMETRY; MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; VALIDATION;
   MANAGEMENT; TRIAGE
AB Purpose: To evaluate the importance of annual intercomparisons for maintaining the capacity and capabilities of a well-established biodosimetry network in conjunction with assessing efficient and effective analysis methods for emergency response.
   Materials and methods: Annual intercomparisons were conducted between laboratories in the Canadian National Biological Dosimetry Response Plan. Intercomparisons were performed over a six-year period and comprised of the shipment of 10-12 irradiated, blinded blood samples for analysis by each of the participating laboratories. Dose estimates were determined by each laboratory using the dicentric chromosome assay (conventional and QuickScan scoring) and where possible the cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Dose estimates were returned to the lead laboratory for evaluation and comparison.
   Results: Individual laboratories performed comparably from year to year with only slight fluctuations in performance. Dose estimates using the dicentric chromosome assay were accurate about 80% of the time and the QuickScan method for scoring the dicentric chromosome assay was proven to reduce the time of analysis without having a significant effect on the dose estimates. Although analysis with the CBMN assay was comparable to QuickScan scoring with respect to speed, the accuracy of the dose estimates was greatly reduced.
   Conclusions: Annual intercomparisons are necessary to maintain a network of laboratories for emergency response biodosimetry as they evoke confidence in their capabilities.
C1 [Wilkins, Ruth C.; Beaton-Green, Lindsay A.; Lachapelle, Sylvie; Kutzner, Barbara C.; Ferrarotto, Catherine; Chauhan, Vinita; Marro, Leonora] Hlth Canada, Environm Radiat & Hlth Sci Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada.
   [Livingston, Gordon K.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, REAC TS, REM, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Greene, Hillary Boulay] Def R&D Canada Ottawa Res Ctr, Radiol & Nucl Def & Nav Warfare, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
   [Flegal, Farrah N.] Canadian Nucl Labs Ltd, Chalk River, ON, Canada.
RP Wilkins, RC (reprint author), Hlth Canada, Environm Radiat & Hlth Sci Directorate, 775 Brookfield Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 1C1, Canada.
EM Ruth.Wilkins@hc-sc.gc.ca
OI Beaton-Green, Lindsay/0000-0002-6005-7768
NR 28
TC 10
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U1 0
U2 3
PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE
PI LONDON
PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND
SN 0955-3002
EI 1362-3095
J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL
JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 5
BP 443
EP 451
DI 10.3109/09553002.2015.1012305
PG 9
WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science &
   Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA CH3GQ
UT WOS:000353917700008
PM 25670072
ER

PT J
AU Huang, X
   Song, Y
   Zhao, C
   Cai, XH
   Zhang, HS
   Zhu, T
AF Huang, Xin
   Song, Yu
   Zhao, Chun
   Cai, Xuhui
   Zhang, Hongsheng
   Zhu, Tong
TI Direct Radiative Effect by Multicomponent Aerosol over China
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GASEOUS NITRIC-ACID; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE AEROSOLS; COMPLEX
   REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ATMOSPHERIC BLACK CARBON; MINERAL DUST PARTICLES;
   YANGTZE DELTA REGION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; EAST-ASIA; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION;
   SEASONAL-VARIATIONS
AB The direct radiative effect (DRE) of multiple aerosol species [sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral aerosol] and their spatiotemporal variations over China were investigated using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry model [Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem)] for the entire year of 2006. This study made modifications to improve the model performance, including updating land surface parameters, improving the calculation of transition-metal-catalyzed oxidation of SO2, and adding heterogeneous reactions between mineral dust aerosol and acid gases. The modified model generally reproduced the magnitude, seasonal pattern, and spatial distribution of the measured meteorological conditions, concentrations of PM10 and its components, and aerosol optical depth (AOD), although some low biases existed in modeled aerosol concentrations. A diagnostic iteration method was used to estimate the overall DRE of aerosols and contributions from different components. At the land surface, the incident net radiation flux was reduced by 10.2 W m(-2) over China. Aerosols significantly warmed the atmosphere with the national mean DRE of +10.8 W m(-2). BC was the leading radiative heating component (+8.7 W m(-2)), followed by mineral aerosol (+1.1 W m(-2)). At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), BC introduced the largest radiative perturbation (+4.5 W m(-2)), followed by sulfate (-1.4 W m(-2)). The overall perturbation of aerosols on radiation transfer is quite small over China, demonstrating the counterbalancing effect between scattering and adsorbing aerosols. Aerosol DRE at the TOA had distinct seasonality, generally with a summer maximum and winter minimum, mainly determined by mass loadings, hygroscopic growth, and incident radiation flux.
C1 [Huang, Xin] Peking Univ, Dept Environm Sci, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Xin] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Xin] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Huang, Xin] Jiangsu Collaborat Innovat Ctr Climate Change, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   [Song, Yu; Cai, Xuhui; Zhu, Tong] Peking Univ, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Dept Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   [Zhao, Chun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Zhang, Hongsheng] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
RP Song, Y (reprint author), Peking Univ, Room 211,Lao Di Xue Bldg,5 Yiheyuan Rd, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM songyu@pku.edu.cn; tzhu@pku.edu.cn
RI ZHU, TONG/H-6501-2011; SONG, Yu/C-2287-2015; Zhao, Chun/A-2581-2012;
   Huang, Xin/K-3767-2016
OI SONG, Yu/0000-0002-2455-2999; Zhao, Chun/0000-0003-4693-7213; 
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275155, 41121004];
   Public Welfare Projects for Environmental Protection [201309009];
   National Key Basic Research Program of China [2010CB428501,
   2011CB403401]; Jiangsu Provincial Program (Collaborative Innovation
   Center of Climate Change); U.S. DOE; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute
   [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
   China under Grants 41275155 and 41121004, the Public Welfare Projects
   for Environmental Protection (201309009), the National Key Basic
   Research Program of China (2010CB428501 and 2011CB403401), and the
   Jiangsu Provincial 2011 Program (Collaborative Innovation Center of
   Climate Change). Dr. Chun Zhao acknowledges the support by the U.S. DOE
   as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program. The Pacific
   Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial
   Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. We thank Prof. Xiaoye Zhang
   for providing CAWNET observational data and the anonymous reviewers for
   their valuable comments, which greatly improved the quality of the
   manuscript.
NR 142
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 8
U2 48
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 28
IS 9
BP 3472
EP 3495
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00365.1
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CH2EJ
UT WOS:000353838200003
ER

PT J
AU Yang, YT
   Kuo, HC
   Hendricks, EA
   Liu, YC
   Peng, MS
AF Yang, Yi-Ting
   Kuo, Hung-Chi
   Hendricks, Eric A.
   Liu, Yi-Chin
   Peng, Melinda S.
TI Relationship between Typhoons with Concentric Eyewalls and ENSO in the
   Western North Pacific Basin
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAPID
   FILAMENTATION; STORM FORMATION; EVENTS; EYE; SIMULATION; GENESIS; VORTEX
AB The typhoons with concentric eyewalls (CE) over the western North Pacific in different phases of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) between 1997 and 2012 are studied. They find a good correlation (0.72) between the annual CE typhoon number and the oceanic Nino index (ONI), with most of the CE typhoons occurring in the warm and neutral episodes. In the warm (neutral) episode, 55% (50%) of the typhoons possessed a CE structure. In contrast, only 25% of the typhoons possessed a CE structure in the cold episode. The CE formation frequency is also significantly different with 0.9 (0.2) CEs per month in the warm (cold) episode. There are more long-lived CE cases (CE structure maintained more than 20 h) and typhoons with multiple CE formations in the warm episodes. There are no typhoons with multiple CE formations in the cold episode. The warm episode CE typhoons generally have a larger size, stronger intensity, and smaller variation in convective activity and intensity. This may be due to the fact that the CE formation location is farther east in the warm episodes. Shifts in CE typhoon location with favorable conditions thus produce long-lived CE typhoons and multiple CE formations. The multiple CE formations may lead to expansion of the typhoon size.
C1 [Yang, Yi-Ting] Off Disaster Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
   [Kuo, Hung-Chi] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
   [Hendricks, Eric A.; Peng, Melinda S.] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA.
   [Liu, Yi-Chin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
RP Kuo, HC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
EM kuo@as.ntu.edu.tw
OI KUO, HUNG-CHI/0000-0001-9102-5104
FU Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 103-2111-M-002-010,
   MOST 103-2625-M-002-003, MOST 100-2111-M-002-004-MY3,
   NTU-CESRP-103R7604-1]; U.S. Office of Naval Research NICOP
   [N62909-11-1-7096]
FX This research is sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology,
   Taiwan, under Grants MOST 103-2111-M-002-010, MOST 103-2625-M-002-003,
   MOST 100-2111-M-002-004-MY3, and NTU-CESRP-103R7604-1 and by the U.S.
   Office of Naval Research NICOP Grant N62909-11-1-7096. We appreciate the
   comments of the three anomalous reviewers; their reviews helped us to
   improve the manuscript greatly.
NR 35
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0894-8755
EI 1520-0442
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 28
IS 9
BP 3612
EP 3623
DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00541.1
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA CH2EJ
UT WOS:000353838200010
ER

PT J
AU Varadharajan, C
   Han, RY
   Beller, HR
   Yang, L
   Marcus, MA
   Michel, M
   Nico, PS
AF Varadharajan, Charuleka
   Han, Ruyang
   Beller, Harry R.
   Yang, Li
   Marcus, Matthew A.
   Michel, Marc
   Nico, Peter S.
TI Characterization of Chromium Bioremediation Products in Flow-Through
   Column Sediments Using Micro-X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray Absorption
   Spectroscopy
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
LA English
DT Article
ID CHROMATE REDUCTION; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; CR(VI) REDUCTION; FERROUS IRON;
   SURFACES; KINETICS; BACTERIA; IFEFFIT; SOIL
AB Microbially mediated reductive immobilization of chromium is a possible remediation technique for sites contaminated with Cr(VI). This study is part of a broader effort investigating the biogeochemical mechanisms for Cr(VI) reduction in Hanford 100H aquifer sediments using flow-through laboratory columns. It had previously been shown that reduced chromium in the solid phase was in the form of freshly precipitated mixed-phase Cr(III)-Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, irrespective of the biogeochemical conditions in the columns. In this study, the reduced Cr phases in the columns were investigated further using spectroscopy to understand the structure and mechanisms involved in the formation of the end products. Several samples representing potential processes that could be occurring in the columns were synthesized in the laboratory and characterized using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and X-ray scattering. The XANES of Cr(III) particles in the columns most closely resembled those from synthetic samples produced by the abiotic reaction of Cr(VI) with microbially reduced Fe(II). Microbially mediated Cr-Fe reduction products were distinct from abiotic Cr-Fe (hydr) oxides [CrxFe1-x(OH)(3)] and organically complexed Cr(III) sorbed onto the surface of a mixed ferrihydrite-goethite mineral phase. Furthermore, analyses of the abiotically synthesized samples revealed that even the end products of purely abiotic, iron-mediated reduction of Cr(VI) are affected by factors such as the presence of excess aqueous Fe(II) and cellular matter. These results suggest that CrxFe1-x(OH)(3) phases made under realistic subsurface conditions or in biotic cultures are structurally different from pure Cr(OH)(3) or laboratory-synthesized CrxFe1-x(OH)(3). The observed structural differences imply that the reactivity and stability of biogenic CrxFe1-x(OH)(3) could potentially be different from that of abiotic CrxFe1-x(OH)(3).
C1 [Varadharajan, Charuleka; Han, Ruyang; Beller, Harry R.; Yang, Li; Nico, Peter S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Han, Ruyang] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA.
   [Marcus, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Michel, Marc] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.
RP Varadharajan, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM cvaradharajan@lbl.gov
RI Beller, Harry/H-6973-2014; Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010; YANG,
   LI/F-9392-2010; Varadharajan, Charuleka/G-3741-2015
OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397; Varadharajan,
   Charuleka/0000-0002-4142-3224
FU Sustainable Systems Scientific Focus Area - US Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Resources
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported as part of the Sustainable Systems Scientific
   Focus Area funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science,
   Office of Biological and Environmental Resources under Award Number
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the
   Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US
   Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Spectroscopic
   data were also collected at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation
   Lightsource, a Directorate of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and
   an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of
   Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. The authors thank
   Sirine Fakra, Ruth Tinnacher, Hiram-Castillo Michel, Mike Massey, John
   Bargar, Sam Webb, and Benjamin Kocar for help with the collection of
   synchrotron data; Joern Larsen and April Van Hise for conducting the
   ICP-MS analyses at LBNL; and thank associate editor Markus Grafe and the
   two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments for revising the
   manuscript.
NR 36
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 27
PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY
PI MADISON
PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA
SN 0047-2425
EI 1537-2537
J9 J ENVIRON QUAL
JI J. Environ. Qual.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 44
IS 3
BP 729
EP 738
DI 10.2134/jeq2014.08.0329
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CG9LP
UT WOS:000353637200003
PM 26024254
ER

PT J
AU Lin, A
   Merkley, ED
   Clowers, BH
   Hutchison, JR
   Kreuzer, HW
AF Lin, Andy
   Merkley, Eric D.
   Clowers, Brian H.
   Hutchison, Janine R.
   Kreuzer, Helen W.
TI Effects of bacterial inactivation methods on downstream proteomic
   analysis
SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Microbial inactivation;
   Proteomics; Enterobacteriaceae
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTRA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN
   IDENTIFICATIONS; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; ACID RESISTANCE;
   SOFTWARE TOOL; SPECTROMETRY; CHAPERONE
AB Inactivation of pathogenic microbial samples is often necessary for the protection of researchers and to comply with local and federal regulations. By its nature, biological inactivation causes changes to microbial samples, potentially affecting observed experimental results. While inactivation-induced damage to materials such as DNA has been evaluated, the effect of various inactivation strategies on proteomic data, to our knowledge, has not been discussed. To this end, we inactivated samples of Yersinia pestis and Escherichia coil by autoclave, ethanol, or irradiation treatment to determine how inactivation changes liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry data quality as well as apparent protein content of cells. Proteomic datasets obtained from aliquots of samples inactivated by different methods were highly similar, with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.822 to 0.985 and 0.816 to 0.985 for E. coil and Y. pestis, respectively, suggesting that inactivation had only slight impacts on the set of proteins identified. In addition, spectral quality metrics such as distributions of various database search algorithm scores remained constant across inactivation methods, indicating that inactivation does not appreciably degrade spectral quality. Though overall changes resulting from inactivation were small, there were detectable trends. For example, one-sided Fischer exact tests determined that periplasmic proteins decrease in observed abundance after sample inactivation by autoclaving (alpha = 1.71 x 10(-2) for E. coli, alpha = 4.97 x 10(-4) for Y. pestis) and irradiation (alpha = 9.43 x 10(-7) for E. coli, alpha = 1.21 x 10(-5) for Y. pestis) when compared to controls that were not inactivated. Based on our data, if sample inactivation is necessary, we recommend inactivation with ethanol treatment with secondary preference given to irradiation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Lin, Andy; Merkley, Eric D.; Clowers, Brian H.; Hutchison, Janine R.; Kreuzer, Helen W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Signatures Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Clowers, Brian H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA.
RP Kreuzer, HW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM Helen.Kreuzer@pnnl.gov
OI Lin, Andy/0000-0003-0072-612X
FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency Basic Research Program [DTRA10027IA];
   Office Biological and Environmental Research; United States Department
   of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO]
FX Funding for this work was provided to Pacific Northwest National
   Laboratory by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Basic Research Program
   under DTRA10027IA. We thank Aaron C. Robinson and Heather Engelmann for
   preliminary work. We also thank Alice Dohnalkova for her help with TEM
   analysis. A portion of the research was performed using the W.R. Wiley
   Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), a Department of
   Energy Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office
   Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest
   National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated
   by Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of
   Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RLO.
NR 42
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-7012
EI 1872-8359
J9 J MICROBIOL METH
JI J. Microbiol. Methods
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 112
BP 3
EP 10
DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.015
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology
GA CG6QL
UT WOS:000353426900002
PM 25620019
ER

PT J
AU Xue, GB
   Fan, CC
   Wu, JK
   Liu, S
   Liu, YJ
   Chen, HZ
   Xin, HL
   Li, HY
AF Xue, Guobiao
   Fan, Congcheng
   Wu, Jiake
   Liu, Shuang
   Liu, Yujing
   Chen, Hongzheng
   Xin, Huolin L.
   Li, Hanying
TI Ambipolar charge transport of TIPS-pentacene single-crystals grown from
   non-polar solvents
SO MATERIALS HORIZONS
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LIGHT-EMITTING TRANSISTORS; SELF-ASSEMBLED
   MONOLAYERS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; N-TYPE;
   PERFORMANCE; MOBILITY; POLYMER; POLYSTYRENE
AB Charge transport of solution-grown TIPS-pentacene single-crystals depends on the polarity of the used solvents. Crystals grown from non-polar solvents exhibit ambipolar transport (mu(e) 0.020 cm(2) V-1 s(-1); mu(h) 5.0 cm(2) V-1 s(-1)), while polar solvents suppress electron transport. This work indicates that appropriate selection of solvents should further harvest the n-type behaviors of organic semiconductors.
C1 [Xue, Guobiao; Fan, Congcheng; Wu, Jiake; Liu, Shuang; Liu, Yujing; Chen, Hongzheng; Li, Hanying] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, MOE Key Lab Macromol Synth & Functionalizat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   [Liu, Yujing; Xin, Huolin L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Li, HY (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, MOE Key Lab Macromol Synth & Functionalizat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
EM hanying_li@zju.edu.cn
RI Xin, Huolin/E-2747-2010
OI Xin, Huolin/0000-0002-6521-868X
FU 973 Program [2014CB643503]; National Natural Science Foundation of China
   [51222302, 51373150, 51461165301, 91233114]; Zhejiang Province Natural
   Science Foundation [LZ13E030002]; Fundamental Research Funds for the
   Central Universities; Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
   National Laboratory - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; China Scholarship Council (CSC)
FX This work was supported by the 973 Program (2014CB643503), National
   Natural Science Foundation of China (51222302, 51373150, 51461165301,
   91233114), Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation (LZ13E030002),
   and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. HLX is
   supported by the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
   National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no.
   DE-AC02-98CH10886. YJL thanks China Scholarship Council (CSC) for
   financial support.
NR 60
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 11
U2 75
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS,
   ENGLAND
SN 2051-6347
EI 2051-6355
J9 MATER HORIZ
JI Mater. Horizons
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 2
IS 3
BP 344
EP 349
DI 10.1039/c4mh00211c
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA CG8TS
UT WOS:000353586300010
ER

PT J
AU Runnels, SR
AF Runnels, Scott R.
TI Capturing plasticity effects in overdriven shocks on the finite scale
SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Shocks; Plasticity; Hardening; Hydrodynamics; Radial return
ID HYDRODYNAMICS; METALS; MODEL
AB An ordinary differential equation (ODE) form of the radial return algorithm, which is essentially a Prandtl-Reuss material model, is combined with a strain-rate hardening model to produce an ODE that describes deviatoric stress through a prescribed density rise. An analytical solution is found to the resulting ODE for a specific choice of one of the hardening model's parameters. That solution is used to prove that if the prescribed density rise is allowed to be infinitely thin, i.e., like a shock in the mathematical sense, the resulting deviatoric stress is still bounded. In other words, the singularity is integrable; integration of the radial return ODE regularizes the infinite strain rate and resulting yield stress in the presence of an ideal shock singularity. The analytical tools developed for this line of thinking are applied to study the variation of deviatoric stress through a nearly shock-like density rise using different density rise profiles, revealing the impact of the shape choice. The tools are also used to compute what rise times are needed to converge upon the correct value of deviatoric stress through a shock; the results indicate that most contemporary hydrocodes cannot be expected to achieve those rise times. A demonstration of connecting the analytical tools to a hydrocode, using surrogate numerical shock shapes, is provided thereby opening the door for using such surrogates to perform sub-grid computations of converged shock behavior for strain-rate hardening materials. (C) 2015 International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (IMACS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Runnels, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM SRunnels@LANL.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA by the Los Alamos National Laboratory
   [DE-AC52-06NA25396]
FX The author thanks Ted Carney for his software in which the Gruneisen
   equation of state was implemented and verified, along with his
   implementation of the elastic perfectly-plastic solution of [18]. The
   author also thanks the Materials Working Group at Los Alamos National
   Laboratory, in particular, Tom Canfield, and especially, Len Margolin
   for their insights. This work was performed under the auspices of the
   U.S. Department of Energy's NNSA by the Los Alamos National Laboratory,
   operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, under contract number
   DE-AC52-06NA25396. This article was released as LA-UR-13-28557.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4754
EI 1872-7166
J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT
JI Math. Comput. Simul.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 111
BP 63
EP 79
DI 10.1016/j.matcom.2014.12.006
PG 17
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science,
   Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied
SC Computer Science; Mathematics
GA CH2KQ
UT WOS:000353854500005
ER

PT J
AU Wullschleger, SD
   Breen, AL
   Iversen, CM
   Olson, MS
   Nasholm, T
   Ganeteg, U
   Wallenstein, MD
   Weston, DJ
AF Wullschleger, Stan D.
   Breen, Amy L.
   Iversen, Colleen M.
   Olson, Matthew S.
   Nasholm, Torgny
   Ganeteg, Ulrika
   Wallenstein, Matthew D.
   Weston, David J.
TI Genomics in a changing arctic: critical questions await the molecular
   ecologist
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT News Item
DE boreal forest; climate change; genomics; microbiome; shrubs; tundra
ID AMINO-ACID PERMEASE; SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; POPULUS-BALSAMIFERA L.;
   ORGANIC NITROGEN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION;
   ERIOPHORUM-VAGINATUM; LATITUDINAL GRADIENT; PHOSPHATE ABSORPTION;
   SPECIES-DIVERSITY
AB Molecular ecology is poised to tackle a host of interesting questions in the coming years. The Arctic provides a unique and rapidly changing environment with a suite of emerging research needs that can be addressed through genetics and genomics. Here we highlight recent research on boreal and tundra ecosystems and put forth a series of questions related to plant and microbial responses to climate change that can benefit from technologies and analytical approaches contained within the molecular ecologist's toolbox. These questions include understanding (i) the mechanisms of plant acquisition and uptake of N in cold soils, (ii) how these processes are mediated by root traits, (iii) the role played by the plant microbiome in cycling C and nutrients within high-latitude ecosystems and (iv) plant adaptation to extreme Arctic climates. We highlight how contributions can be made in these areas through studies that target model and nonmodel organisms and emphasize that the sequencing of the Populus and Salix genomes provides a valuable resource for scientific discoveries related to the plant microbiome and plant adaptation in the Arctic. Moreover, there exists an exciting role to play in model development, including incorporating genetic and evolutionary knowledge into ecosystem and Earth System Models. In this regard, the molecular ecologist provides a valuable perspective on plant genetics as a driver for community biodiversity, and how ecological and evolutionary forces govern community dynamics in a rapidly changing climate.
C1 [Wullschleger, Stan D.; Iversen, Colleen M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Breen, Amy L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA.
   [Olson, Matthew S.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA.
   [Nasholm, Torgny] SLU, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden.
   [Nasholm, Torgny; Ganeteg, Ulrika] SLU, Dept Forest Genet & Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden.
   [Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   [Weston, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Climate Change Sci Inst, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM wullschlegsd@ornl.gov
RI Wallenstein, Matthew/C-6441-2008; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012
OI Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442; Wullschleger,
   Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446
NR 108
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 5
U2 73
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0962-1083
EI 1365-294X
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 24
IS 10
BP 2301
EP 2309
DI 10.1111/mec.13166
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA CH3WM
UT WOS:000353961500002
PM 25809088
ER

PT J
AU Yuan, ML
   Dean, SH
   Longo, AV
   Rothermel, BB
   Tuberville, TD
   Zamudio, KR
AF Yuan, Michael L.
   Dean, Samantha H.
   Longo, Ana V.
   Rothermel, Betsie B.
   Tuberville, Tracey D.
   Zamudio, Kelly R.
TI Kinship, inbreeding and fine-scale spatial structure influence gut
   microbiota in a hindgut-fermenting tortoise
SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE 16S rRNA sequencing; faecal microbiota; gopher tortoise; Gopherus
   polyphemus; microbial diversity; microsatellites
ID GOPHERUS-POLYPHEMUS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY;
   PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CAPTIVE ANIMALS; MARINE
   IGUANAS; FECAL SAMPLES; POPULATION; DIET
AB Herbivorous vertebrates rely on complex communities of mutualistic gut bacteria to facilitate the digestion of celluloses and hemicelluloses. Gut microbes are often convergent based on diet and gut morphology across a phylogenetically diverse group of mammals. However, little is known about microbial communities of herbivorous hindgut-fermenting reptiles. Here, we investigate how factors at the individual level might constrain the composition of gut microbes in an obligate herbivorous reptile. Using multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized the faecal microbial community of a population of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) and examined how age, genetic diversity, spatial structure and kinship influence differences among individuals. We recovered phylotypes associated with known cellulolytic function, including candidate phylum Termite Group 3, suggesting their importance for gopher tortoise digestion. Although host genetic structure did not explain variation in microbial composition and community structure, we found that fine-scale spatial structure, inbreeding, degree of relatedness and possibly ontogeny shaped patterns of diversity in faecal microbiomes of gopher tortoises. Our findings corroborate widespread convergence of faecal-associated microbes based on gut morphology and diet and demonstrate the role of spatial and demographic structure in driving differentiation of gut microbiota in natural populations.
C1 [Yuan, Michael L.; Longo, Ana V.; Zamudio, Kelly R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
   [Yuan, Michael L.; Dean, Samantha H.; Rothermel, Betsie B.] Archbold Biol Stn, Venus, FL 33960 USA.
   [Tuberville, Tracey D.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA.
RP Yuan, ML (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.
EM mly26@cornell.edu
RI Longo, Ana/L-2129-2015; Zamudio, Kelly/R-3533-2016
OI Longo, Ana/0000-0002-5112-1246; Zamudio, Kelly/0000-0001-5107-6206
FU Gopher Tortoise Council; Chicago Herpetological Society; Dextra
   Undergraduate Research Endowment Fund; Cornell College of Agriculture
   and Life Sciences Alumni Association; Fredric N. Gabler '93 Memorial
   Research Honors Endowment; Cornell Chapter of Sigma Xi; Jane E. Brody
   Undergraduate Research Award; National Academy of Sciences; Disney
   Worldwide Conservation Fund; College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell
   University; Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506]
FX Samples were collected under Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation
   Commission scientific collecting permits (LSSC-10-00043A and
   LSSC-10-00043B) using protocols approved by Archbold Biological Station
   and Cornell University IACUCs. We thank RE Ley for advice on sample
   collection and study design. We thank K Uy and P Muralidhar for guidance
   on microsatellites, and BR Kreiser and DL Gaillard for prepublication
   access to microsatellite primers. We thank ZM Walton for help with data
   entry, and A Ellison, C Chui and P Muralidhar for advice on data
   analysis. For help in the field, we thank K Moses and S Dillon. Members
   of the Zamudio Laboratory, IJ Lovette and an anonymous honours thesis
   reviewer provided useful comments in the early stages of this
   manuscript. Funding was provided by the Gopher Tortoise Council, Chicago
   Herpetological Society, Dextra Undergraduate Research Endowment Fund,
   Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Alumni Association,
   Fredric N. Gabler '93 Memorial Research Honors Endowment, Cornell
   Chapter of Sigma Xi, Jane E. Brody Undergraduate Research Award, and a
   Grant-In-id of research from the National Academy of Sciences
   administered by Sigma Xi (to MLY). Additional funding was provided by
   the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund (to BBR), College of Arts and
   Sciences, Cornell University (to KRZ), and Department of Energy Award
   Number DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research
   Foundation (to TDT).
NR 120
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 12
U2 53
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0962-1083
EI 1365-294X
J9 MOL ECOL
JI Mol. Ecol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 24
IS 10
BP 2521
EP 2536
DI 10.1111/mec.13169
PG 16
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology;
   Evolutionary Biology
GA CH3WM
UT WOS:000353961500018
PM 25809385
ER

PT J
AU Syal, MB
   Schultz, PH
   Riner, MA
AF Syal, Megan Bruck
   Schultz, Peter H.
   Riner, Miriam A.
TI Darkening of Mercury's surface by cometary carbon
SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID MAJOR-ELEMENT COMPOSITION; INTERPLANETARY DUST; ANTARCTIC SNOW;
   81P/WILD-2; MICROMETEORITES; REFLECTANCE; PARTICLES; MESSENGER;
   DEPOSITS; WATER
AB Mercury's surface is darker than that of the Moon(1,2). Ironbearing minerals and submicroscopic metallic iron produced by space weathering are the primary known darkening materials on airless bodies. Yet Mercury's iron abundance at the surface is lower than the Moon's(3,4); another material is therefore likely to be responsible for Mercury's dark surface(1,2,5-8). Enhanced darkening by submicroscopic metallic iron particles under intense space weathering at Mercury's surface(9-12) is insufficient to reconcile the planet's low reflectance with its low iron abundance(12). Here we show that the delivery of cometary carbon by micrometeorites provides a mechanism to darken Mercury's surface without violating observational constraints on iron content. We calculate the micrometeorite flux at Mercury and numerically simulate the fraction of carbonaceous material retained by the planet following micrometeorite impacts. We estimate that 50 times as many carbon-rich micrometeorites per unit surface area are delivered to Mercury, compared with the Moon, resulting in approximately 3-6 wt% carbon at Mercury's surface (in graphite, amorphous, or nanodiamond form). Spectroscopic analysis of products of hypervelocity impact experiments demonstrates that the incorporation of carbon effectively darkens and weakens spectral features, consistent with remote observations of Mercury(1,2,5-8,12). Carbon delivery by micrometeorites provides an explanation for Mercury's globally low reflectance and may contribute to the darkening of planetary surfaces elsewhere.
C1 [Syal, Megan Bruck] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
   [Schultz, Peter H.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   [Riner, Miriam A.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA.
RP Syal, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L 405, Livermore, CA 94551 USA.
EM syal1@llnl.gov
FU NASA's Planetary Geology & Geophysics program [NNX13AB75G]; NESSF
   program [NNXC12AL79H]
FX This research was supported by NASA's Planetary Geology & Geophysics
   (NNX13AB75G) and NESSF (NNXC12AL79H) programs. The authors thank T. Daly
   and T. Hiroi for assistance with sample analysis and gratefully
   acknowledge the technical team at the Ames Vertical Gun Range for
   supporting the impact experiments.
NR 30
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 7
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA
SN 1752-0894
EI 1752-0908
J9 NAT GEOSCI
JI Nat. Geosci.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 5
BP 352
EP 356
DI 10.1038/NGEO2397
PG 5
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA CG9MO
UT WOS:000353640100009
ER

PT J
AU Panitkin, S
AF Panitkin, Sergey
TI Look to the clouds and beyond
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Panitkin, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
EM panitkin@bnl.gov
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
EI 1745-2481
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
BP 373
EP 374
DI 10.1038/nphys3319
PG 3
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CH1JA
UT WOS:000353776400004
ER

PT J
AU Deffner, S
AF Deffner, Sebastian
TI TEN YEARS OF NATURE PHYSICS From spooky foundations
SO NATURE PHYSICS
LA English
DT News Item
ID SYSTEMS
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Deffner, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM sebastian.deffner@gmail.com
RI Deffner, Sebastian/C-5170-2008
OI Deffner, Sebastian/0000-0003-0504-6932
NR 9
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 12
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1745-2473
EI 1745-2481
J9 NAT PHYS
JI Nat. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 11
IS 5
BP 383
EP 384
DI 10.1038/nphys3318
PG 2
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CH1JA
UT WOS:000353776400010
ER

PT J
AU Ekstrom, A
   Jansen, GR
   Wendt, KA
   Hagen, G
   Papenbrock, T
   Carlsson, BD
   Forssen, C
   Hjorth-Jensen, M
   Navratil, P
   Nazarewicz, W
AF Ekstroem, A.
   Jansen, G. R.
   Wendt, K. A.
   Hagen, G.
   Papenbrock, T.
   Carlsson, B. D.
   Forssen, C.
   Hjorth-Jensen, M.
   Navratil, P.
   Nazarewicz, W.
TI Accurate nuclear radii and binding energies from a chiral interaction
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C
LA English
DT Article
ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; HARTREE-FOCK CALCULATIONS; COUPLED-CLUSTER;
   SCATTERING DATA; LIGHT-NUCLEI; DATA SHEETS; FORCES; MATTER; SYSTEMS;
   SHIFT
AB With the goal of developing predictive ab initio capability for light and medium-mass nuclei, two-nucleon and three-nucleon forces from chiral effective field theory are optimized simultaneously to low-energy nucleon-nucleon scattering data, as well as binding energies and radii of few-nucleon systems and selected isotopes of carbon and oxygen. Coupled-cluster calculations based on this interaction, named NNLOsat, yield accurate binding energies and radii of nuclei up to Ca-40, and are consistent with the empirical saturation point of symmetric nuclear matter. In addition, the low-lying collective J(pi) = 3(-) states in O-16 and 40Ca are described accurately, while spectra for selected p- and sd-shell nuclei are in reasonable agreement with experiment.
C1 [Ekstroem, A.; Jansen, G. R.; Wendt, K. A.; Hagen, G.; Papenbrock, T.; Forssen, C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Ekstroem, A.; Jansen, G. R.; Wendt, K. A.; Hagen, G.; Papenbrock, T.; Forssen, C.; Nazarewicz, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Carlsson, B. D.; Forssen, C.] Chalmers, Dept Fundamental Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
   [Hjorth-Jensen, M.; Nazarewicz, W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Hjorth-Jensen, M.; Nazarewicz, W.] Michigan State Univ, NSCL FRIB Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   [Hjorth-Jensen, M.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
   [Navratil, P.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.
   [Nazarewicz, W.] Warsaw Univ, Fac Phys, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland.
RP Ekstrom, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RI Forssen, Christian/C-6093-2008; 
OI Forssen, Christian/0000-0003-3458-0480; Karlsson,
   Boris/0000-0003-0901-5797; Jansen, Gustav R./0000-0003-3558-0968;
   Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics
   [DEFG02-96ER40963, DE-SC0008499, DE-SC0008511]; Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory; National Science Foundation [1404159]; Swedish Foundation
   for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT)
   [IG2012-5158]; European Research Council [ERC-StG-240603]; Research
   Council of Norway [ISP-Fysikk/216699]; NSERC [401945-2011]; National
   Research Council Canada; Office of Science of the Department of Energy
   [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Institute for Computational Sciences;
   Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC); Notur project in
   Norway
FX We thank K. Hebeler and E. Epelbaum for providing the matrix elements of
   the nonlocal three-body interaction. This material is based upon work
   supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of
   Nuclear Physics under Award Numbers DEFG02-96ER40963 (University of
   Tennessee), DE-SC0008499 and DE-SC0008511 (NUCLEI SciDAC collaboration),
   the Field Work Proposal ERKBP57 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the
   National Science Foundation with award number 1404159. It was also
   supported by the Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in
   Research and Higher Education (STINT, IG2012-5158), by the European
   Research Council (ERC-StG-240603), by the Research Council of Norway
   under contract ISP-Fysikk/216699, and by NSERC Grant No. 401945-2011.
   TRIUMF receives funding via a contribution through the National Research
   Council Canada. Computer time was provided by the Innovative and Novel
   Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program. This
   research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility
   located in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the
   Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC05-00OR22725 and used computational resources of the National
   Center for Computational Sciences, the National Institute for
   Computational Sciences, the Swedish National Infrastructure for
   Computing (SNIC), and the Notur project in Norway.
NR 112
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 2
U2 17
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0556-2813
EI 1089-490X
J9 PHYS REV C
JI Phys. Rev. C
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 91
IS 5
AR 051301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.91.051301
PG 7
WC Physics, Nuclear
SC Physics
GA CH1EK
UT WOS:000353763700001
ER

PT J
AU Zurek, W
AF Zurek, Wojciech
TI Classical selection and quantum Darwinism Reply
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Letter
ID DECOHERENCE
C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Zurek, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 10
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0031-9228
EI 1945-0699
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 68
IS 5
BP 9
EP 10
DI 10.1063/PT.3.2761
PG 2
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CH3AA
UT WOS:000353896600003
ER

PT J
AU Richter, B
AF Richter, Burton
TI Matthew Linzee Sands
SO PHYSICS TODAY
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA.
RP Richter, B (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0031-9228
EI 1945-0699
J9 PHYS TODAY
JI Phys. Today
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 68
IS 5
BP 65
EP 65
DI 10.1063/PT.3.2793
PG 1
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CH3AA
UT WOS:000353896600021
ER

PT J
AU Tang, YL
   Zhu, YL
   Ma, XL
   Borisevich, AY
   Morozovska, AN
   Eliseev, EA
   Wang, WY
   Wang, YJ
   Xu, YB
   Zhang, ZD
   Pennycook, SJ
AF Tang, Y. L.
   Zhu, Y. L.
   Ma, X. L.
   Borisevich, A. Y.
   Morozovska, A. N.
   Eliseev, E. A.
   Wang, W. Y.
   Wang, Y. J.
   Xu, Y. B.
   Zhang, Z. D.
   Pennycook, S. J.
TI Observation of a periodic array of flux-closure quadrants in strained
   ferroelectric PbTiO3 films
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL BATIO3; MAGNETIC SKYRMIONS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES;
   POLARIZATION; DOMAINS; ROTATION; NANODOTS
AB Nanoscale ferroelectrics are expected to exhibit various exotic domain configurations, such as the full flux-closure pattern that is well known in ferromagnetic materials. Here we observe not only the atomic morphology of the flux-closure quadrant but also a periodic array of flux closures in ferroelectric PbTiO3 films, mediated by tensile strain on a GdScO3 substrate. Using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we directly visualize an alternating array of clockwise and counterclockwise flux closures, whose periodicity depends on the PbTiO3 film thickness. In the vicinity of the core, the strain is sufficient to rupture the lattice, with strain gradients up to 10(9) per meter. Engineering strain at the nanoscale may facilitate the development of nanoscale ferroelectric devices.
C1 [Tang, Y. L.; Zhu, Y. L.; Ma, X. L.; Wang, W. Y.; Wang, Y. J.; Xu, Y. B.; Zhang, Z. D.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci SYNL, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.
   [Borisevich, A. Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Morozovska, A. N.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine.
   [Eliseev, E. A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Problems Mat Sci, UA-03142 Kiev, Ukraine.
   [Pennycook, S. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Pennycook, S. J.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
RP Ma, XL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci SYNL, Wenhua Rd 72, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.
EM xlma@imr.ac.cn
RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; Xu, Yao-bin/N-5641-2016
OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; Xu, Yao-bin/0000-0002-9945-3514
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51231007, 51171190];
   National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB921002, 2009CB623705];
   National Academy of Science of the Ukraine; U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering
   Division
FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
   China (grants 51231007 and 51171190) and the National Basic Research
   Program of China (grants 2014CB921002 and 2009CB623705). A.N.M. and
   E.A.E. acknowledge financial support from the National Academy of
   Science of the Ukraine; A.Y.B. and S.J.P. thank the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division for financial support. The authors at SYNL are
   grateful to B. Wu and L. X. Yang of this laboratory for their technical
   support on the Titan platform of the aberration-corrected scanning
   transmission electron microscope. Author contributions: Y.L.Z. and
   X.L.M. conceived the project of interfacial characterization in oxides
   by using aberration-corrected STEM; Y.L.T. performed the thin-film
   growth and TEM observations; W.Y.W. provided some of the TEM images used
   in the supplementary materials; Y.J.W. carried out digital analysis of
   the STEM data; Y.B.X. and Z.D.Z. contributed to the thin-film growth;
   A.N.M. and E.A.E. participated in the ferroelectric theoretical analysis
   based on the LGD framework; and A.Y.B. and S.J.P. contributed to
   STEM-HAADF imaging data analysis, particularly to the calculation of the
   strain-gradient components near the vertex core. All authors
   participated in discussion and interpretation of the data.
   Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to X.L.M.
NR 40
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 42
U2 260
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 348
IS 6234
BP 547
EP 551
DI 10.1126/science.1259869
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH1JR
UT WOS:000353778100035
PM 25883317
ER

PT J
AU Arndt, EM
   Moore, W
   Lee, WK
   Ortiz, C
AF Arndt, Eric M.
   Moore, Wendy
   Lee, Wah-Keat
   Ortiz, Christine
TI Mechanistic origins of bombardier beetle (Brachinini) explosion-induced
   defensive spray pulsation
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INSECT CUTICLE; BIOCHEMISTRY; ARTHROPODS
AB Bombardier beetles (Brachinini) use a rapid series of discrete explosions inside their pygidial gland reaction chambers to produce a hot, pulsed, quinone-based defensive spray. The mechanism of brachinines' spray pulsation was explored using anatomical studies and direct observation of explosions inside living beetles using synchrotron x-ray imaging. Quantification of the dynamics of vapor inside the reaction chamber indicates that spray pulsation is controlled by specialized, contiguous cuticular structures located at the junction between the reservoir (reactant) and reaction chambers. Kinematics models suggest passive mediation of spray pulsation by mechanical feedback from the explosion, causing displacement of these structures.
C1 [Arndt, Eric M.; Ortiz, Christine] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Moore, Wendy] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   [Lee, Wah-Keat] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
RP Ortiz, C (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM cortiz@mit.edu
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0012704]; U.S. Army Research
   Laboratory; U.S. Army Research Office through the MIT Institute of
   Soldier Nanotechnologies [W911NF-13-D-0001]; National Science Foundation
   through the MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering
   [DMR-08-19762]; U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Director,
   Defense Research and Engineering, through the National Security Science
   and Engineering Faculty Fellowship [N00244-09-1-0064]; National Science
   Foundation [DEB-0908187]
FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department
   of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under
   contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was supported in part by the U.S.
   Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office through the
   MIT Institute of Soldier Nanotechnologies under contract
   W911NF-13-D-0001 and in part by the National Science Foundation through
   the MIT Center for Materials Science and Engineering under contract
   DMR-08-19762. This research was funded in part by the U.S. Department of
   Defense, Office of the Director, Defense Research and Engineering,
   through the National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship
   awarded to C.O. under contract N00244-09-1-0064; in part by the National
   Science Foundation through funding awarded to W.M. under contract
   DEB-0908187; and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-SC0012704.
   Experiment data are available for download from DSpace@MIT
   (https://dspace.mit.edu); please cite this collection using the handle
   hdl.handle.net/1721.1/96123.
NR 20
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 15
U2 64
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 348
IS 6234
BP 563
EP 567
DI 10.1126/science.1261166
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH1JR
UT WOS:000353778100039
PM 25931557
ER

PT J
AU Taylor, DW
   Zhu, YF
   Staals, RHJ
   Kornfeld, JE
   Shinkai, A
   van der Oost, J
   Nogales, E
   Doudna, JA
AF Taylor, David W.
   Zhu, Yifan
   Staals, Raymond H. J.
   Kornfeld, Jack E.
   Shinkai, Akeo
   van der Oost, John
   Nogales, Eva
   Doudna, Jennifer A.
TI Structures of the CRISPR-Cmr complex reveal mode of RNA target
   positioning
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID GUIDED SURVEILLANCE COMPLEX; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DNA RECOGNITION;
   CLEAVAGE; ENDONUCLEASE; PROKARYOTES; SYSTEM; CAS9
AB Adaptive immunity in bacteria involves RNA-guided surveillance complexes that use CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated (Cas) proteins together with CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to target invasive nucleic acids for degradation. Whereas type I and type II CRISPR-Cas surveillance complexes target double-stranded DNA, type III complexes target single-stranded RNA. Near-atomic resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of native type III Cmr (CRISPR RAMP module) complexes in the absence and presence of target RNA reveal a helical protein arrangement that positions the crRNA for substrate binding. Thumblike b hairpins intercalate between segments of duplexed crRNA: target RNA to facilitate cleavage of the target at 6-nucleotide intervals. The Cmr complex is architecturally similar to the type I CRISPR-Cascade complex, suggesting divergent evolution of these immune systems from a common ancestor.
C1 [Taylor, David W.; Kornfeld, Jack E.; Nogales, Eva; Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Taylor, David W.; Nogales, Eva; Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Zhu, Yifan; Staals, Raymond H. J.; van der Oost, John] Wageningen Univ, Lab Microbiol, Dept Agrotechnol & Food Sci, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands.
   [Shinkai, Akeo] RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan.
   [Shinkai, Akeo] RIKEN Struct Biol, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan.
   [Nogales, Eva; Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Nogales, Eva] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Life Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM enogales@lbl.gov; doudna@berkeley.edu
RI Shinkai, Akeo/E-8354-2013; 
OI Shinkai, Akeo/0000-0002-9867-0832; Taylor, David/0000-0002-6198-1194
FU Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation [DRG-2218-15]; University of
   Otago's Division of Health Sciences Career Development postdoctoral
   fellowship; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
   [024.002.002, 854.10.003]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
   [25440013]
FX The structures of intact apo-Cmr, smaller apo-Cmr, and target-bound Cmr
   have been deposited into the EMDataBank with accession codes EMD-2898,
   EMD-2899, and EMD-2900, respectively. We thank R. Louder, S. Howes, E.
   Kellogg, R. Zhang, P. Grob, Y. He, T. Houweling, Z. Yu, and M. J. de la
   Cruz for expert electron microscopy assistance. D.W.T is a Damon Runyon
   Fellow supported by the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
   (DRG-2218-15). R.H.J.S. was supported by the University of Otago's
   Division of Health Sciences Career Development postdoctoral fellowship.
   Y. Z. and J.v.d.O. received financial support from the Netherlands
   Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), via a Gravitation grant to
   the Soehngen Institute for Anaerobic Microbiology (024.002.002) and an
   ALW-TOP project (854.10.003), respectively. This work was supported in
   part by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI grant
   25440013 (to A. S.). J. A. D and E.N. are Howard Hughes Medical
   Institute Investigators. The T. thermophilus Cmr complex and T.
   thermophilus strain-producing Cmr6-His protein are available from A. S.
   under a material transfer agreement with RIKEN.
NR 22
TC 29
Z9 30
U1 8
U2 49
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
EI 1095-9203
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 348
IS 6234
BP 581
EP 585
DI 10.1126/science.aaa4535
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA CH1JR
UT WOS:000353778100044
PM 25837515
ER

PT J
AU Leng, GY
   Tang, QH
   Huang, MY
   Hong, Y
   Ruby, LL
AF Leng GuoYong
   Tang QiuHong
   Huang MaoYi
   Hong Yang
   Ruby, Leung L.
TI Projected changes in mean and interannual variability of surface water
   over continental China
SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE climate change; surface water; interannual variability; China
ID REGIONAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; RIVER-BASIN; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; EMISSIONS
   SCENARIOS; HYDROLOGICAL MODELS; GLOBAL CLIMATE; WARMING WORLD; IMPACTS;
   RESOURCES; TRENDS
AB Five General Circulation Model (GCM) climate projections under the RCP8.5 emission scenario were used to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model to investigate the impacts of climate change on hydrologic cycle over continental China in the 21st century. The bias-corrected climatic variables were generated for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP). Results showed much larger fractional changes of annual mean Evapotranspiration (ET) per unit warming than the corresponding fractional changes of Precipitation (P) per unit warming across the country, especially for South China, which led to a notable decrease of surface water variability (P-E). Specifically, negative trends for annual mean runoff up to -0.33%/year and soil moisture trends varying between -0.02% to -0.13%/year were found for most river basins across China. Coincidentally, interannual variability for both runoff and soil moisture exhibited significant positive trends for almost all river basins across China, implying an increase in extremes relative to the mean conditions. Noticeably, the largest positive trends for runoff variability and soil moisture variability, which were up to 0.41%/year and 0.90%/year, both occurred in Southwest China. In addition to the regional contrast, intra-seasonal variation was also large for the runoff mean and runoff variability changes, but small for the soil moisture mean and variability changes. Our results suggest that future climate change could further exacerbate existing water-related risks (e.g., floods and droughts) across China as indicated by the marked decrease of surface water amounts combined with a steady increase of interannual variability throughout the 21st century. This study highlights the regional contrast and intra-seasonal variations for the projected hydrologic changes and could provide a multi-scale guidance for assessing effective adaptation strategies for China on a river basin, regional, or as a whole.
C1 [Leng GuoYong; Tang QiuHong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
   [Huang MaoYi; Ruby, Leung L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Hong Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
   [Leng GuoYong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
RP Leng, GY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China.
EM lenggy.11b@igsnrr.ac.cn
RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; 
OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Tang, Qiuhong/0000-0002-0886-6699
FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41171031]; National Basic
   Research Program of China [2012CB955403]; Chinese Academy of Sciences;
   German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01LS1201A];
   Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Regional
   and Global Climate Modeling Program; US DOE by Battelle Memorial
   Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX The careful reviews and constructive comments/suggestions from two
   anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported
   by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.
   41171031), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.
   2012CB955403), and Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of
   Sciences. This work has been conducted under the framework of ISI-MIP.
   The ISIMIP Fast Track Project was funded by the German Federal Ministry
   of Education and Research (BMBF) (Grant No. 01LS1201A). Responsibility
   for the content of this publication lies with the authors. M Huang and
   LR Leung are supported by Office of Science of the U.S. Department of
   Energy through the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program. PNNL is
   operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute (Grant No.
   DE-AC05-76RL01830).
NR 60
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 5
U2 16
PU SCIENCE PRESS
PI BEIJING
PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA
SN 1674-7313
EI 1869-1897
J9 SCI CHINA EARTH SCI
JI Sci. China-Earth Sci.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 58
IS 5
BP 739
EP 754
DI 10.1007/s11430-014-4987-0
PG 16
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA CH2VI
UT WOS:000353882500008
ER

PT J
AU Moridis, GJ
   Spycher, N
AF Moridis, George J.
   Spycher, Nicolas
TI FOREWORD Special Issue on the 2012 TOUGH Symposium
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Moridis, George J.; Spycher, Nicolas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Moridis, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM gjmoridis@lbl.gov
RI Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0169-3913
EI 1573-1634
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 108
IS 1
SI SI
BP 1
EP 2
DI 10.1007/s11242-015-0491-z
PG 2
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA CH2VP
UT WOS:000353883200001
ER

PT J
AU Karasaki, K
   Doughty, C
   Onishi, CT
   Goto, J
AF Karasaki, Kenzi
   Doughty, Christine
   Onishi, Celia T.
   Goto, Junichi
TI Development of Geohydrologic Model of the Wildcat Fault Zone
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT TOUGH Symposium
CY SEP 17-19, 2012
CL Berkeley, CA
DE Fault zone; Anisotropy; Fractured rock; Characterization; Cross-hole
   test; Geophysical survey; Borehole logging; Pressure profile;
   Temperature profile; Long-term monitoring; Recharge Rate; Model
   uncertainty; Scale-up
AB We have conducted field investigations of the Wildcat fault in Strawberry Canyon in the East Bay Hills of Berkeley, California, including a literature survey, aerial-photographic-based geomorphological study, geologic mapping, geophysical surveys, trenching, and borehole drilling and hydraulic testing. A geologic model was constructed, which became the basis of the hydrologic model. We outline the effort of constructing the geohydrologic model of the Strawberry Canyon area. We also created an East Canyon sub-model, which is a part of the Strawberry Canyon area. These models were constructed using Petrasim commercial software, which is a pre- and post- processor for TOUGH2, a non-isothermal multiphase flow and transport simulator. One of our goals is to understand the role of the Wildcat fault in controlling the natural-state groundwater flow. Another goal is that with limited data in numbers and areal extent, we evaluate the viability of modeling a relatively complex geologic area in hopes of to building a model that is valid for a scale larger than the observation. We performed both manual and automated inversion analyses and produced reasonable matches between the observed head data and model predictions. By varying the structure of the Wildcat fault, the base-case representation, which includes a high permeability damage zone and a low permeability fault core, best matches the observed head data. Using the sub-model, we conducted two-phase non-isothermal simulations utilizing the pressure and temperature data from the boreholes. We also used the information obtained from pump tests including permeability anisotropy of the fault plane. After parameter searches, we were able to match the head and temperature profiles along boreholes relatively well. We then used the best matching models to predict the observed rate of head decline during a dry period and found that anisotropic fault zone with 5 % porosity predicts the rate of decline reasonably well. There is a potential that the rate of decline may be useful to estimate the parameters downstream where there are no boreholes for observation/testing.
C1 [Karasaki, Kenzi; Doughty, Christine] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Onishi, Celia T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA.
   [Goto, Junichi] Nucl Waste Management Org Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Karasaki, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM kkarasaki@lbl.gov; CADoughty@lbl.gov; ctonishi@usgs.gov;
   jgoto@numo.or.jp
RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015
FU Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan;  [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by Nuclear Waste Management Organization of
   Japan and performed under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors
   would like to thank Dr. David Buesch of USGS, Menlo Park for his
   extensive review and extremely helpful suggestions.
NR 23
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 11
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0169-3913
EI 1573-1634
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 108
IS 1
SI SI
BP 3
EP 22
DI 10.1007/s11242-014-0348-x
PG 20
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA CH2VP
UT WOS:000353883200002
ER

PT J
AU Aradottir, ESP
   Gunnarsson, I
   Sigfusson, B
   Gunnarsson, G
   Juliusson, BM
   Gunnlaugsson, E
   Sigurdardottir, H
   Arnarson, MT
   Sonnenthal, E
AF Aradottir, Edda S. P.
   Gunnarsson, Ingvi
   Sigfusson, Bergur
   Gunnarsson, Gunnar
   Juliusson, Bjarni M.
   Gunnlaugsson, Einar
   Sigurdardottir, Holmfridur
   Arnarson, Magnus Th.
   Sonnenthal, Eric
TI Toward Cleaner Geothermal Energy Utilization: Capturing and Sequestering
   CO2 and H2S Emissions from Geothermal Power Plants
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT TOUGH Symposium
CY SEP 17-19, 2012
CL Berkeley, CA
DE Reactive transport modeling; CO2 sequestration; H2S sequestration;
   CO2-H2S-water-basalt interaction
ID BASALTIC GLASS DISSOLUTION; EASTERN ICELAND; CARBON-DIOXIDE; IRON
   SULFIDES; PILOT PROJECT; SW-ICELAND; DEGREES-C; SEQUESTRATION; RATES;
   PRECIPITATION
AB Field scale reactive transport models of CO and HS mineral sequestration in basalts were developed with a focus on Reykjavik Energy's ongoing CarbFix and SulFix sour gas re-injection tests at Hellisheidi geothermal power plant, SW-Iceland. Field data, such as drill cuttings and a calcite cap-rock overlying the high-temperature geothermal reservoir, suggest that mineral CO and HS sequestration already plays an important role within Hellisheidi geothermal system. The data indicate CO sequestration to be most intensive from 550-800-m depth below surface, while HS sequestration is most intensive below 800-m depth. Injecting and precipitating CO and HS into nearby formations with the objective of imitating and accelerating natural sequestration processes should therefore be considered as an environmentally benign process. Reactive transport simulations predict rapid and efficient mineralization of both CO and HS into thermodynamically stable minerals, with calcite, magnesite, and pyrrhotite being the favored carbonate and sulfide minerals to form. At intermediate depths and low temperatures (25-90 C), calcite is the main CO sequestering carbonate predicted to form, while magnesite is the only carbonate predicted to form at high temperatures (250 C). Despite only being indicative, it is concluded from this study that the capture and sequestration of CO and HS from geothermal power plants are a viable option for reducing their gas emissions and that basalts may comprise ideal geological CO and HS storage formations.
C1 [Aradottir, Edda S. P.; Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Gunnarsson, Gunnar; Juliusson, Bjarni M.; Gunnlaugsson, Einar; Sigurdardottir, Holmfridur] Reykjavik Energy, Reykjavik 110, Iceland.
   [Sigfusson, Bergur] European Commiss, Inst Energy & Transport, NL-1755 LE Petten, Netherlands.
   [Arnarson, Magnus Th.] Mannvit Engn, Reykjavik 108, Iceland.
   [Sonnenthal, Eric] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Aradottir, ESP (reprint author), Reykjavik Energy, Baejarhalsi 1, Reykjavik 110, Iceland.
EM edda.sif.aradottir@or.is
RI Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009
FU Reykjavik Energy; 7th Framework Programme of the EC [283148]; GEORG
   Geothermal Research Group [09-02-001]
FX We would like to thank Einar Orn Thrastarson and Trausti Kristinsson for
   their never-ending contribution to CarbFix and SulFix. We also thank
   Karsten Pruess, Nic Spycher, and Stefan Finsterle at Lawrence Berkeley
   National Laboratory, Andri Arnaldsson at Vatnaskil Consulting Engineers,
   Andri Stefansson, Helgi A. Alfredsson, Sigurdur R. Gislason, and Snorri
   Gudbrandsson at the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of
   Iceland, Martin Stute and Juerg M. Matter at Columbia University, Eric
   H. Oelkers at the University in Toulouse, and Gudni Axelsson, Gunnlaugur
   Einarsson and Thrainn Fridriksson at Iceland GeoSurvey. This work was
   funded by Reykjavik Energy, the 7th Framework Programme of the EC
   (project no. 283148) and GEORG Geothermal Research Group (project no.
   09-02-001).
NR 54
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 28
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0169-3913
EI 1573-1634
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 108
IS 1
SI SI
BP 61
EP 84
DI 10.1007/s11242-014-0316-5
PG 24
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA CH2VP
UT WOS:000353883200005
ER

PT J
AU Magliocco, MJ
   Glaser, SD
   Kneafsey, TJ
AF Magliocco, Mario J.
   Glaser, Steven D.
   Kneafsey, Timothy J.
TI Laboratory and Numerical Studies of Heat Extraction from Hot Porous
   Media by Means of Supercritical CO2
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT TOUGH Symposium
CY SEP 17-19, 2012
CL Berkeley, CA
DE Carbon dioxide; Heat transfer; Laboratory experiment; Numerical
   simulation; Enhanced (engineered) geothermal systems
ID ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; CARBON; SEQUESTRATION; ENERGY; FLUID
AB The use of as a heat transfer fluid has been proposed as an alternative to water in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) and in -plume geothermal systems (CPG). Numerical simulations have shown that under expected EGS operating conditions, would achieve more efficient heat extraction performance compared to water, especially at sites with low geothermal temperatures and low subsurface heat flow rates. With increased interest in carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), the possibility of combining geothermal energy production with carbon sequestration is actively being explored. Simulations have shown that -based geothermal energy production could substantially offset the cost of CCS. Since numerical models are critical for the planning and operation of geothermal systems that employ as the working fluid, it is important to validate the results of the current numerical tools against real- world experimental data. In a set of laboratory experiments, we have investigated heat extraction by flowing dry supercritical through a heated porous medium in a laboratory pressure vessel and have compared experimental results with a numerical model using TOUGH2 with the ECO2N module. In addition, experiments were performed using (1) and (2) water as the working fluids under similar operating conditions in order to compare the heat transfer behavior and the overall heat extraction rates. Our laboratory apparatus is capable of operating at temperatures up to 200 , pressures up to 34.5 MPa, and flow rates up to 400 ml/min. The experimental system was designed such that measurements and controls at the boundaries could be readily modeled using TOUGH2. We have made estimates of the density and the effective thermal conductivity of our saturated porous media, and have found that both properties change significantly during the course of experiments. The large changes in density, due to decreasing system temperatures, can result in fluid accumulation in the system that may have significant impacts on geothermal reservoir management. The large changes in thermal conductivity as a function of temperature are of concern because the TOUGH2 code does not update the thermal conductivity of the system during the course of a simulation. Our data can be used by geologic reservoir modelers to ensure that their models accurately capture the heat extraction behavior of to aid in the further investigations of EGS, CPG, and CCS.
C1 [Magliocco, Mario J.; Glaser, Steven D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Kneafsey, Timothy J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Magliocco, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mag@berkeley.edu
RI Kneafsey, Timothy/H-7412-2014; Magliocco, Mario/H-6150-2016
OI Kneafsey, Timothy/0000-0002-3926-8587; 
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 8
U2 29
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0169-3913
EI 1573-1634
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 108
IS 1
SI SI
BP 85
EP 104
DI 10.1007/s11242-015-0474-0
PG 20
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA CH2VP
UT WOS:000353883200006
ER

PT J
AU Rinaldi, AP
   Rutqvist, J
   Sonnenthal, EL
   Cladouhos, TT
AF Rinaldi, A. P.
   Rutqvist, J.
   Sonnenthal, E. L.
   Cladouhos, T. T.
TI Coupled THM Modeling of Hydroshearing Stimulation in Tight Fractured
   Volcanic Rock
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT TOUGH Symposium
CY SEP 17-19, 2012
CL Berkeley, CA
DE Hydroshearing; Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling; Enhanced Geothermal
   System; EGS stimulation
ID ENGINEERED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; CO2 INJECTION; FLUID-FLOW; DEFORMATION;
   PERMEABILITY; MIGRATION; STRESS
AB In this study, we use the TOUGH-FLAC simulator for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of well stimulation for an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) project. We analyze the potential for injection-induced fracturing and reactivation of natural fractures in a porous medium with associated permeability enhancement. Our analysis aims to understand how far the EGS reservoir may grow and how the hydroshearing process relates to system conditions. We analyze the enhanced reservoir, or hydrosheared zone, by studying the extent of the failure zone using an elasto-plastic model, and accounting for permeability changes as a function of the induced stresses. For both fully saturated and unsaturated medium cases, the results demonstrate how EGS reservoir growth depends on the initial fluid phase, and how the reservoir extent changes as a function of two critical parameters: (1) the coefficient of friction, and (2) the permeability-enhancement factor. Moreover, while well stimulation is driven by pressure exceeding the hydroshearing threshold, the modeling also demonstrates how injection-induced cooling further extends the effects of stimulation.
C1 [Rinaldi, A. P.; Rutqvist, J.; Sonnenthal, E. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Cladouhos, T. T.] AltaRock Energy, Seattle, WA 98115 USA.
RP Rinaldi, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM aprinaldi@lbl.gov; jrutqvist@lbl.gov; elsonnenthal@lbl.gov;
   tcladouhos@altarockenergy.com
RI Rinaldi, Antonio Pio/N-3284-2013; Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009;
   Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015
OI Rinaldi, Antonio Pio/0000-0001-7052-8618; Rutqvist,
   Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785
FU Department of Energy [DE-EE0002777]; American Recovery and Reinvestment
   Act (ARRA), through Office of Technology Development, Geothermal
   Technologies Program, of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number
   DE-EE0002777 and by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA),
   through the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
   Energy (EERE), Office of Technology Development, Geothermal Technologies
   Program, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. Technical review comments by Matt Uddenberg of the
   AltaRock company, and Patrick F. Dobson and Pierre Jeanne at the
   Berkeley Lab, as well as editorial review by Dan Hawkes at the Berkeley
   Lab are all greatly appreciated. We also thank two anonymous reviewers
   whose comments greatly improved the paper.
NR 39
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 5
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0169-3913
EI 1573-1634
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 108
IS 1
SI SI
BP 131
EP 150
DI 10.1007/s11242-014-0296-5
PG 20
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA CH2VP
UT WOS:000353883200008
ER

PT J
AU Reagan, MT
   Moridis, GJ
   Johnson, JN
   Pan, LH
   Freeman, CM
   Boyle, KL
   Keen, ND
   Husebo, J
AF Reagan, Matthew T.
   Moridis, George J.
   Johnson, Jeffery N.
   Pan, Lehua
   Freeman, Craig M.
   Boyle, Katie L.
   Keen, Noel D.
   Husebo, Jarle
TI Field-Scale Simulation of Production from Oceanic Gas Hydrate Deposits
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT TOUGH Symposium
CY SEP 17-19, 2012
CL Berkeley, CA
DE Gas hydrates; Methane hydrates; Oceanic hydrates; Gas production
AB The quantity of hydrocarbon gases trapped in natural hydrate accumulations is enormous, leading to a significant interest in the evaluation of their potential as an energy source. It has been shown that large volumes of gas can be readily produced at high rates for long times from some types of methane hydrate accumulations by means of depressurization-induced dissociation, and using conventional horizontal or vertical well configurations. However, these resources are currently assessed using simplified or reduced-scale 3D or 2D production simulations. In this study, we use the massively parallel TOUGH+HYDRATE code (pT+H) to assess the production potential of a large, deep ocean hydrate reservoir and develop strategies for effective production. The simulations model a full 3D system of over extent, examining the productivity of vertical and horizontal wells, single or multiple wells, and explore variations in reservoir properties. Systems of up to 2.5 M gridblocks, running on thousands of supercomputing nodes, are required to simulate such large systems at the highest level of detail. The simulations reveal the challenges inherent in producing from deep, relatively cold systems with extensive water-bearing channels and connectivity to large aquifers, mainly difficulty of achieving depressurization and the problem of enormous water production. Also highlighted are new frontiers in large-scale reservoir simulation of coupled flow, transport, thermodynamics, and phase behavior, including the construction of large meshes and the computational scaling of larger systems.
C1 [Reagan, Matthew T.; Moridis, George J.; Johnson, Jeffery N.; Pan, Lehua; Freeman, Craig M.; Boyle, Katie L.; Keen, Noel D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Husebo, Jarle] Statoil ASA, Res Ctr, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
RP Reagan, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM mtreagan@lbl.gov
RI Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015; Reagan, Matthew/D-1129-2015
OI Reagan, Matthew/0000-0001-6225-4928
FU Statoil ASA; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This research was funded by Statoil ASA. This research used resources of
   the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is
   supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy
   under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 19
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 4
U2 34
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0169-3913
EI 1573-1634
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 108
IS 1
SI SI
BP 151
EP 169
DI 10.1007/s11242-014-0330-7
PG 19
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA CH2VP
UT WOS:000353883200009
ER

PT J
AU Mukhopadhyay, S
   Doughty, C
   Bacon, D
   Li, J
   Wei, LL
   Yamamoto, H
   Gasda, S
   Hosseini, SA
   Nicot, JP
   Birkholzer, JT
AF Mukhopadhyay, Sumit
   Doughty, Christine
   Bacon, Diana
   Li, Jun
   Wei, Lingli
   Yamamoto, Hajime
   Gasda, Sarah
   Hosseini, Seyyed A.
   Nicot, Jean-Philippe
   Birkholzer, Jens T.
TI The Sim-SEQ Project: Comparison of Selected Flow Models for the S-3 Site
SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT TOUGH Symposium
CY SEP 17-19, 2012
CL Berkeley, CA
DE Carbon sequestration; Geologic carbon storage; Model comparison;
   Sim-SEQ; Model uncertainty
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 STORAGE; INJECTION; SIMULATION; CRANFIELD;
   RESERVOIR; SEQUESTRATION; MISSISSIPPI; UNCERTAINTY; PRESSURES
AB Sim-SEQ is an international initiative on model comparison for geologic carbon sequestration, with an objective to understand and, if possible, quantify model uncertainties. Model comparison efforts in Sim-SEQ are at present focusing on one specific field test site, hereafter referred to as the Sim-SEQ Study site (or S-3 site). Within Sim-SEQ, different modeling teams are developing conceptual models of injection at the S-3 site. In this paper, we select five flow models of the S-3 site and provide a qualitative comparison of their attributes and predictions. These models are based on five different simulators or modeling approaches: TOUGH2/EOS7C, STOMP-CO2e, MoReS, TOUGH2-MP/ECO2N, and VESA. In addition to model-to-model comparison, we perform a limited model-to-data comparison, and illustrate how model choices impact model predictions. We conclude the paper by making recommendations for model refinement that are likely to result in less uncertainty in model predictions.
C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sumit; Doughty, Christine; Birkholzer, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bacon, Diana] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Li, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
   [Wei, Lingli] Shell China Innovat & R&D Ctr, Beijing 100004, Peoples R China.
   [Yamamoto, Hajime] Taisei Corp, Totsuka Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2450051, Japan.
   [Gasda, Sarah] Uni Res, Ctr Integrated Petr Res, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
   [Hosseini, Seyyed A.; Nicot, Jean-Philippe] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX 78713 USA.
RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM smukhopadhyay@lbl.gov
RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015; Hosseini,
   Seyyed Abolfazl/C-5289-2011; 
OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Energy;
   MatMoRA project - CLIMIT program of the Research Council of Norway
   [215641]; Statoil
FX The authors thank Curt Oldenburg (LBNL) and Dan Hawkes (LBNL) for their
   constructive reviews of the draft manuscript. LBNL's (Berkeley Lab.)
   efforts in coordinating Sim-SEQ are supported through funds provided by
   the U.S. Department of Energy and managed by the National Energy
   Technology Laboratory. Funds were provided to Berkeley Lab. through the
   U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. BEG's efforts,
   headed by Susan Hovorka, were partly supported by funds provided by the
   Department of Energy and managed by the National Energy Technology
   Laboratory through the Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration
   Partnership (SECARB) (managed by the Southern State Energy Board). URN's
   modeling effort is supported by the MatMoRA project under Contract No.
   215641, funded by the CLIMIT program of the Research Council of Norway
   and Statoil. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication,
   acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive,
   paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the
   published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United
   States Government purposes. The views expressed in this article are
   those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or
   policies of the United States Department of Energy or the Berkeley Lab.
NR 32
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 8
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0169-3913
EI 1573-1634
J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED
JI Transp. Porous Media
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 108
IS 1
SI SI
BP 207
EP 231
DI 10.1007/s11242-014-0361-0
PG 25
WC Engineering, Chemical
SC Engineering
GA CH2VP
UT WOS:000353883200012
ER

PT J
AU Chandross, M
AF Chandross, M.
TI Competitive Wetting in Active Brazes
SO WELDING JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Active Brazing; Wetting; Spreading; Computer Simulations; Metals and
   Alloys; Molecular Dynamics
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS
AB The wetting and spreading of molten filler materials (pure Al, pure Ag, and AgAl alloys) on a Kovar (TM) (001) substrate was studied with molecular dynamics simulations. A suite of different simulations was used to understand the effects on spreading rates due to alloying as well as reactions with the substrate. The important conclusion is that the presence of Al in the alloy enhances the spreading of Ag, while the Ag inhibits the spreading of Al.
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat & Data Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Chandross, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat & Data Sci, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM mechand@sandia.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration
   [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and
   operated by Sandia Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin
   Corp., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security
   Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
NR 17
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER WELDING SOC
PI MIAMI
PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA
SN 0043-2296
J9 WELD J
JI Weld. J.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 94
IS 5
BP 169
EP 175
PG 7
WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CH2QM
UT WOS:000353869700012
ER

PT J
AU Caro, A
   Schwen, D
   Hetherly, J
   Martinez, E
AF Caro, A.
   Schwen, D.
   Hetherly, J.
   Martinez, E.
TI The capillarity equation at the nanoscale: Gas bubbles in metals
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Capillarity equation; Helium bubbles Fe; Nanoscale effects; Tolman's
   length
ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SURFACE-TENSION; FIELD; DROPLETS; STRESS
AB We investigate the modifications to the Young-Laplace capillarity equation needed to describe nanoscale gas bubbles embedded in metals, scale at which the finite width of the interface region cannot be neglected. We focus in particular on the case of He in Fe. Using both, the concept of Tolman's length that provides a curvature dependence for the interface energy, and a new equation of state for He at the nanoscale that accounts for interface effects (see Caro et al., 2013), we derive an expression to predict pressure, and from it density and the amount of He in nanoscale bubbles. We find that conditions for equilibrium are found for values of pressure or density at variance by a factor of 2 compared to the traditional way of using the capillarity equation and a bulk He EOS. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Caro, A.; Schwen, D.; Hetherly, J.; Martinez, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
RP Caro, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA.
EM caro@lanl.gov
OI Martinez Saez, Enrique/0000-0002-2690-2622; Schwen,
   Daniel/0000-0002-8958-4748
FU U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory
   [2008LANL1026]
FX This work was performed by the Center for Materials at Irradiation and
   Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the
   U.S. Department of Energy (Award Number 2008LANL1026) at Los Alamos
   National Laboratory.
NR 38
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U1 3
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 89
BP 14
EP 21
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.048
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CG4IP
UT WOS:000353249100002
ER

PT J
AU Suzudo, T
   Nagai, Y
   Schwen, D
   Caro, A
AF Suzudo, Tomoaki
   Nagai, Yasuyoshi
   Schwen, Daniel
   Caro, Alfredo
TI Hardening in thermally-aged Fe-Cr binary alloys: Statistical parameters
   of atomistic configuration
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Spinodal decomposition; Iron-chromium alloy; Thermal aging; Hardening;
   Molecular dynamics
ID DUPLEX STAINLESS-STEEL; IRON-CHROMIUM ALLOYS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION;
   COMPUTER-MODELS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; LEVEL; EMBRITTLEMENT; SYSTEM
AB By exploiting Monte Carlo methodology and molecular dynamics, we computationally simulate the spinodal decomposition of iron chromium binary alloys and analyze the relationship between the increase of yield strength induced by the phase separation phenomenon, and statistical parameters of the atomistic configuration. We successfully model the experimentally-discovered proportional relationship between the hardness and the variation parameter (or V), and also found that the adequacy of the parameter V as an empirical indicator of hardening is limited, because it does not properly capture short-range atomistic configurations that influence the hardening. We suggest that the short-range-order parameter has more potential to become universal descriptor of the phenomenon. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Suzudo, Tomoaki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ctr Computat Sci & e Syst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
   [Nagai, Yasuyoshi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Oarai Ctr, Oarai, Ibaraki 3111313, Japan.
   [Schwen, Daniel; Caro, Alfredo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Suzudo, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Ctr Computat Sci & e Syst, 2-4 Shirane Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan.
EM suzudo.tomoaki@jaea.go.jp
RI Nagai, Yasuyoshi/A-8995-2011; 
OI Schwen, Daniel/0000-0002-8958-4748
FU Center for Materials under Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, a
   DOE-OBES Energy Frontier Research Center
FX The first author (T. Suzudo) thanks to T. Tsuru of Japan Atomic Energy
   Agency for helpful discussion on molecular dynamics simulations. This
   work include the result of "Research and development on degradation
   prediction of structural materials in nuclear reactors based on
   microstructural damage mechanisms" entrusted to Tohoku university by
   Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT). A.
   Caro acknowledges support from the Center for Materials under
   Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, a DOE-OBES Energy Frontier Research
   Center.
NR 31
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U1 1
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 89
BP 116
EP 122
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.02.013
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CG4IP
UT WOS:000353249100012
ER

PT J
AU Kwon, J
   Bowers, ML
   Brandes, MC
   McCreary, V
   Robertson, IM
   Phani, PS
   Bei, H
   Gao, YF
   Pharr, GM
   George, EP
   Mills, MJ
AF Kwon, J.
   Bowers, M. L.
   Brandes, M. C.
   McCreary, V.
   Robertson, I. M.
   Phani, P. Sndaharshan
   Bei, H.
   Gao, Y. F.
   Pharr, G. M.
   George, E. P.
   Mills, M. J.
TI Characterization of dislocation structures and deformation mechanisms in
   as-grown and deformed directionally solidified NiAl-Mo composites
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Directional solidification; Dislocation microstructure; in situ
   composites; Fiber-matrix interaction
ID STRAIN GRADIENTS; ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURES; MICROPILLARS; TEMPERATURES;
   PLASTICITY; INTERFACE; SCALE; METAL
AB Directionally solidified (DS) NiAl-Mo eutectic composites were strained to plastic strain values ranging from 0% to 12% to investigate the origin of the previously observed stochastic versus deterministic mechanical behaviors of Mo-alloy micropillars in terms of the development of dislocation structures at different pre-strain levels. The DS composites consist of long, [1 0 0] single-crystal Mo-alloy fibers with approximately square cross-sections embedded in a [1 0 0] single-crystal NiAl matrix. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and computational stress state analysis were conducted for the current study. STEM of the as-grown samples (without pre-straining) reveal no dislocations in the investigated Mo-alloy fibers. In the NiAl matrix, on the other hand, a[1 0 0]-type dislocations exist in two orthogonal orientations: along the [1 0 0] Mo fiber axis, and wrapped around the fiber axis. They presumably form to accommodate the different thermal contractions of the two phases during cool down after eutectic solidification. At intermediate pre-strain levels (4-8%), a/2[1 1 1]-type dislocations are present in the Mo-alloy fibers and the pre-existing dislocations in the NiAl matrix seem to be swept toward the interphase boundary. Some of the dislocations in the Mo-alloy fibers appear to be transformed from a[1 0 0]-type dislocations present in the NiAl matrix. Subsequently, the transformed dislocations in the fibers propagate through the NiAl matrix as a[1 1 1] dislocations and aid in initiating additional slip bands in adjacent fibers. Thereafter, co-deformation presumably occurs by [1 1 1] slip in both phases. With a further increase in the pre-strain level (>10%), multiple a/2[1 1 1]-type dislocations are observed in many locations in the Mo-alloy fibers. Interactions between these systems upon subsequent deformation could lead to stable junctions and persistent dislocation sources. The transition from stochastic to deterministic, bulk-like behavior in sub-micron Mo-alloy pillars may therefore be related to an increasing number of multiple a[1 1 1] dislocation systems within the Mo fibers with increasing pre-strain, considering that the bulk-like behavior is governed by the forest hardening of these junctions. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kwon, J.; Bowers, M. L.; Brandes, M. C.; Mills, M. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43221 USA.
   [McCreary, V.; Robertson, I. M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Phani, P. Sndaharshan; Gao, Y. F.; Pharr, G. M.; George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Bei, H.; Gao, Y. F.; Pharr, G. M.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Kwon, J (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43221 USA.
RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; 
OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990
FU Center for Defect Physics, Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences
FX This research was supported by the Center for Defect Physics, an Energy
   Frontier Research Center, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences.
NR 29
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U1 3
U2 29
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 89
BP 315
EP 326
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.059
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CG4IP
UT WOS:000353249100031
ER

PT J
AU Hofmann, F
   Nguyen-Manh, D
   Gilbert, MR
   Beck, CE
   Eliason, JK
   Maznev, AA
   Liu, W
   Armstrong, DEJ
   Nelson, KA
   Dudarev, SL
AF Hofmann, F.
   Nguyen-Manh, D.
   Gilbert, M. R.
   Beck, C. E.
   Eliason, J. K.
   Maznev, A. A.
   Liu, W.
   Armstrong, D. E. J.
   Nelson, K. A.
   Dudarev, S. L.
TI Lattice swelling and modulus change in a helium-implanted tungsten
   alloy: X-ray micro-diffraction, surface acoustic wave measurements, and
   multiscale modelling
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Helium implantation; Micro-diffraction; Elastic properties; Density
   functional theory; Empirical potential
ID POWER-PLANT APPLICATIONS; LAUE MICRODIFFRACTION; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS;
   SINGLE-CRYSTAL; STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION;
   MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DEFECTS; METALS; STRAIN
AB Using X-ray micro-diffraction and surface acoustic wave spectroscopy, we measure lattice swelling and elastic modulus changes in a W-1% Re alloy after implantation with 3110 appm of helium. An observed lattice expansion of a fraction of a per cent gives rise to an order of magnitude larger reduction in the surface acoustic wave velocity. A multiscale model, combining elasticity and density functional theory, is applied to the interpretation of observations. The measured lattice swelling is consistent with the relaxation volume of self-interstitial and helium-filled vacancy defects that dominate the helium-implanted material microstructure. Larger scale atomistic simulations using an empirical potential confirm the findings of the elasticity and density functional theory model for swelling. The reduction of surface acoustic wave velocity predicted by density functional theory calculations agrees remarkably well with experimental observations. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hofmann, F.] Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
   [Nguyen-Manh, D.; Gilbert, M. R.; Dudarev, S. L.] Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England.
   [Nguyen-Manh, D.; Gilbert, M. R.; Beck, C. E.; Armstrong, D. E. J.; Dudarev, S. L.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
   [Eliason, J. K.; Maznev, A. A.; Nelson, K. A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Liu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Hofmann, F (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England.
EM felix.hofmann@eng.ox.ac.uk
OI Armstrong, David/0000-0002-5067-5108
FU John Fell fund [122/643]; Royal Society [RG130308]; Royal Academy of
   Engineering; NSF [CHE-1111557]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Euratom
   Research and Training Programme [633053]; United Kingdom Engineering and
   Physical Sciences Research Council via programme [EP/G050031,
   EP/H018921]
FX We thank B. Abbey, A. De Backer and S. G. Roberts for helpful comments
   and stimulating discussions, as well as A. Xu and G. Hughes for help
   with sample preparation. FH acknowledges funding from the John Fell fund
   (122/643) and the Royal Society (RG130308). DNM acknowledges the
   International Fusion Energy Research Centre (IFERC) for use of the
   supercomputer (Helios) at the Computational Simulation Centre (CSC) in
   Rokkasho (Japan). DEJA acknowledges the Royal Academy of Engineering for
   support through a Research Fellowship. The SAW measurements at MIT were
   supported by NSF Grant No. CHE-1111557. Use of the Advanced Photon
   Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S.
   Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National
   Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract No.
   DE-AC02-06CH11357. In part this work has been carried out within the
   framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the
   Euratom Research and Training Programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement
   No. 633053. To obtain further information on the data and models
   underlying this paper please contact PublicationsManager@ccfe.ac.uk. The
   views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of
   the European Commission. This work was part-funded by the United Kingdom
   Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via programme grants
   EP/G050031 and EP/H018921.
NR 76
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U1 6
U2 31
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 89
BP 352
EP 363
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.055
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CG4IP
UT WOS:000353249100034
ER

PT J
AU Xu, Y
   Aguiar, JA
   Yadav, SK
   Anderoglu, O
   Baldwin, JK
   Wang, YQ
   Valdez, JA
   Misra, A
   Luo, HM
   Uberuaga, BP
   Li, N
AF Xu, Y.
   Aguiar, J. A.
   Yadav, S. K.
   Anderoglu, O.
   Baldwin, J. K.
   Wang, Y. Q.
   Valdez, J. A.
   Misra, A.
   Luo, H. M.
   Uberuaga, B. P.
   Li, N.
TI Solute redistribution and phase stability at FeCr/TiO2-x interfaces
   under ion irradiation
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Radiation-induced solute redistribution (RISR); Metal/oxide interface;
   Density functional theory (DFT)
ID RADIATION-INDUCED SEGREGATION; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FERRITIC
   STEELS; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TIO2; ALLOYS; RUTILE; POLYMORPHS; DAMAGE;
   MODEL
AB Cr diffusion in trilayer thin films of 100 nm Fe-18Cr/125 mu TiO2-x/100 mu Fe-18Cr deposited on MgO substrates at 500 degrees C was studied by either annealing at 500 degrees C or Ni3+ ion irradiation at 500 degrees C. Microchemistry and microstructure evolution at the metal/oxide interfaces were investigated using (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Diffusion of Cr into the O-deficient TiO2 layer, with negligible segregation to the FeCr/TiO2-x interface itself, was observed under both annealing and irradiation. Cr diffusion into TiO2-x was enhanced in ion-irradiated samples as compared to annealed. Irradiation-induced voids and amorphization of TiO2-x was also observed. The experimental results are rationalized using first-principles calculations that suggest an energetic preference for substituting Ti with Cr in sub-stoichiometric TiO2. The implications of these results on the irradiation stability of oxide-dispersed ferritic alloys are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.
C1 [Xu, Y.; Aguiar, J. A.; Yadav, S. K.; Anderoglu, O.; Wang, Y. Q.; Valdez, J. A.; Uberuaga, B. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
   [Xu, Y.; Luo, H. M.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA.
   [Baldwin, J. K.; Misra, A.; Li, N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Li, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM nanli@lanl.gov
RI Yadav, Satyesh/M-6588-2014; Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012; Li, Nan
   /F-8459-2010; yadav, satyesh/C-5811-2013
OI Li, Nan /0000-0002-8248-9027; yadav, satyesh/0000-0002-6308-6070
FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Los Alamos National Laboratory
   (LANL)/Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program; Los
   Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security
   Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396];
   Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences,
   U.S. Department of Energy; New Mexico Consortium; LANL
FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy
   through the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)/Laboratory Directed
   Research & Development (LDRD) Program for this work. This research used
   resources provided by the LANL Institutional Computing Program. This
   work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated
   Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the
   U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. LANL, an affirmative
   action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National
   Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the
   U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. JAA
   acknowledges access to the ORNL's ShaRE User Facility where part of the
   TEM work was performed in collaboration with Miaofang Chi and Juan
   Carlos Idrobo, which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities
   Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Y.
   Xu and H. Luo are CMIME affiliates supported by the New Mexico
   Consortium and LANL.
NR 49
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 15
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 89
BP 364
EP 373
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.071
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CG4IP
UT WOS:000353249100035
ER

PT J
AU Field, KG
   Yang, Y
   Allen, TR
   Busby, JT
AF Field, Kevin G.
   Yang, Ying
   Allen, Todd R.
   Busby, Jeremy T.
TI Defect sink characteristics of specific grain boundary types in 304
   stainless steels under high dose neutron environments
SO ACTA MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
DE Steel; Grain boundary; Irradiation; Segregation; Misorientation
ID RADIATION-INDUCED SEGREGATION; CR-NI ALLOYS; MODEL FERRITIC/MARTENSITIC
   STEEL; SOLUTE SEGREGATION; FERRITIC ALLOYS; IRRADIATED
   304-STAINLESS-STEEL; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS;
   TWIN BOUNDARIES; FUSION ENERGY
AB Radiation induced segregation (RIS) is a well-studied phenomena which occurs in many structurally relevant nuclear materials including austenitic stainless steels. RIS occurs due to solute atoms preferentially coupling with mobile point defect fluxes that migrate and interact with defect sinks. Here, a 304 stainless steel was neutron irradiated up to 47.1 dpa at 320 degrees C. Investigations into the RIS response at specific grain boundary types were used to determine the sink characteristics of different boundary types as a function of irradiation dose. A rate theory model built on the foundation of the modified inverse Kirkendall (MIK) model is proposed and benchmarked to the experimental results. This model, termed the GiMIK model, includes alterations in the boundary conditions based on grain boundary structure and expressions for interstitial binding. This investigation, through experiment and modeling, found specific grain boundary structures exhibiting unique defect sink characteristics depending on their local structure. Such interactions were found to be consistent across all doses investigated and to have larger global implications, including precipitation of Ni Si clusters near different grain boundary types. (C) 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Field, Kevin G.; Yang, Ying; Busby, Jeremy T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Allen, Todd R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA.
RP Field, KG (reprint author), Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM fieldkg@ornl.gov; yangying@ornl.gov; todd.allen@inl.gov;
   busbyjt@ornl.gov
RI Yang, Ying/E-5542-2017; 
OI Yang, Ying/0000-0001-6480-2254; Allen, Todd/0000-0002-2372-7259
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy; U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and
   Engineering Division
FX Experiments by KGF were sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy,
   Office of Nuclear Energy, for the Light Water Reactor Sustainability
   Research and Development Effort. MIK/GiMIK modeling by YY was sponsored
   by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, for the
   Nuclear Energy Enabling Technology (NEET) program as part of the Reactor
   Materials Cross-cut activity. Assessment of the GiMIK model and
   development of sink strength concepts by KGF was supported by the U.S.
   Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences,
   Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. A part of the microscopy
   work by KGF was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
   (CNMS), which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. The authors
   would like to thank Dr. L. Tan and Dr. M.N. Gussev from Oak Ridge
   National Laboratory (ORNL) for their fruitful discussions about the
   results. YY would also like to thank Dr. T.S. Duh for the discussion on
   the GiMIK model development.
NR 72
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 27
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6454
EI 1873-2453
J9 ACTA MATER
JI Acta Mater.
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 89
BP 438
EP 449
DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.064
PG 12
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CG4IP
UT WOS:000353249100041
ER

PT J
AU Valdez, CA
   Leif, RN
AF Valdez, Carlos A.
   Leif, Roald N.
TI Chemical tagging of chlorinated phenols for their facile detection and
   analysis by NMR spectroscopy
SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE Pentachlorophenol; Endocrine disruptor; Difluoromethylation; NMR
ID PENTACHLOROPHENOL; CHLOROPHENOLS; DERIVATIVES; ENVIRONMENT; HERBICIDES;
   SAMPLES
AB A derivatization method that employs diethyl (bromodifluoromethyl) phosphonate (DBDFP) to efficiently tag the endocrine disruptor pentachlorophenol (PCP) and other chlorinated phenols (CPs) along with their reliable detection and analysis by NMR is presented. The method accomplishes the efficient alkylation of the hydroxyl group in CPs with the difluoromethyl (CF2H) moiety in extremely rapid fashion (5 min), at room temperature and in an environmentally benign manner. The approach proved successful in difluoromethylating a panel of 18 chlorinated phenols, yielding derivatives that displayed unique H-1, F-19, and C-13 NMR spectra allowing for the clear discrimination between isomerically related CPs. Due to its biphasic nature, the derivatization can be applied to both aqueous and organic mixtures where the analysis of CPs is required. Furthermore, the methodology demonstrates that PCP along with other CPs can be selectively derivatized in the presence of other various aliphatic alcohols, underscoring the superiority of the approach over other general derivatization methods that indiscriminately modify all analytes in a given sample. The present work demonstrates the first application of NMR on the qualitative analysis of these highly toxic and environmentally persistent species.
C1 [Valdez, Carlos A.; Leif, Roald N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
   [Valdez, Carlos A.; Leif, Roald N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
RP Valdez, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave,L-091, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.
EM valdez11@llnl.gov
FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of
   Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract
   DE-AC52-07NA27344.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 12
PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
PI HEIDELBERG
PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
SN 1618-2642
EI 1618-2650
J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 407
IS 13
BP 3539
EP 3543
DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8625-2
PG 5
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA CG4CS
UT WOS:000353230400001
PM 25796530
ER

PT J
AU Yoon, S
   Sanford, RA
   Loffler, FE
AF Yoon, Sukhwan
   Sanford, Robert A.
   Loeffler, Frank E.
TI Nitrite Control over Dissimilatory Nitrate/Nitrite Reduction Pathways in
   Shewanella loihica Strain PV-4
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROUS-OXIDE; BACTERIAL DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE AMMONIFICATION;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITION; SOILS; OXYGEN; GENE;
   COMPETITION
AB Shewanella loihica strain PV-4 harbors both a functional denitrification (NO3--> N-2) and a respiratory ammonification (NO3--> NH4+) pathway. Batch and chemostat experiments revealed that NO2- affects pathway selection and the formation of reduced products. Strain PV-4 cells grown with NO2- as the sole electron acceptor produced exclusively NH4+. With NO3- as the electron acceptor, denitrification predominated and N2O accounted for similar to 90% of reduced products in the presence of acetylene. Chemostat experiments demonstrated that the NO2-:NO3- ratio affected the distribution of reduced products, and respiratory ammonification dominated at high NO2-:NO3- ratios, whereas low NO2-:NO3- ratios favored denitrification. The NO2-:NO3- ratios affected nirK transcript abundance, a measure of denitrification activity, in the chemostat experiments, and cells grown at a NO2-:NO3- ratio of 3 had similar to 37-fold fewer nirK transcripts per cell than cells grown with NO3- as the sole electron acceptor. In contrast, the transcription of nrfA, implicated in NO2--to-NH4- reduction, remained statistically unchanged under continuous cultivation conditions at NO2-: NO3- ratios below 3. At NO2-:NO3- ratios above 3, both nirK and nrfA transcript numbers decreased and the chemostat culture washed out, presumably due to NO2- toxicity. These findings implicate NO2- as a relevant modulator of NO3- fate in S. loihica strain PV-4, and, by extension, suggest that NO2- is a relevant determinant for N retention (i.e., ammonification) versus N loss and greenhouse gas emission (i.e., denitrification).
C1 [Yoon, Sukhwan; Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
   [Yoon, Sukhwan; Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
   [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
   [Yoon, Sukhwan] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
   [Sanford, Robert A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Loeffler, Frank E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT ORNL JIBS, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Loeffler, Frank E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Yoon, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA.
EM syoon80@kaist.ac.kr; frank.loeffler@utk.edu
RI Yoon, Sukhwan/I-1605-2014; Yoon, Sukhwan/E-2503-2017
OI Yoon, Sukhwan/0000-0002-9933-7054
FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research, Genomic Science Program [DE-SC0006662]
FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program, award
   DE-SC0006662.
NR 41
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 46
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
EI 1098-5336
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 81
IS 10
BP 3510
EP 3517
DI 10.1128/AEM.00688-15
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA CG5MV
UT WOS:000353336900024
PM 25769828
ER

PT J
AU Breault, RW
   Monazam, ER
AF Breault, Ronald W.
   Monazam, Esmail R.
TI Fixed bed reduction of hematite under alternating reduction and
   oxidation cycles
SO APPLIED ENERGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Chemical looping combustion; Fixed bed reactor; Hematite reduction
ID CHEMICAL-LOOPING COMBUSTION; OXYGEN CARRIER; IRON-OXIDE; REACTOR; FE2O3;
   PARTICLES; CAPTURE
AB The rate of the reduction reaction of a low cost natural hematite oxygen carrier for chemical looping combustion was investigated in a fixed bed reactor where hematite samples of about 1 kg were exposed to a flowing stream of methane and argon. The investigation aims to develop understanding of the factors that govern the rate of reduction with in larger reactors as compared to mostly TGA investigations in the literature. A comparison of the experimental data with a model indicated that reaction between the methane and the iron oxide shows multi-step reactions. The analysis also shows that the conversion occurs with a process that likely consumes all the oxygen close to the surface of the hematite particles and another process that is likely controlled by the diffusion of oxygen to the surface of the particles. Additional analysis shows that the thickness of the fast layer is on the order of 8 unit crystals. This is only about 0.4% of the hematite; however, it comprises about 20-25% of the conversion for the 10 min reduction cycle. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Breault, Ronald W.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
   [Monazam, Esmail R.] REM Engn Serv PLLC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RP Breault, RW (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA.
EM ronald.breault@netl.doe.gov
OI Breault, Ronald/0000-0002-5552-4050
FU Department of Energy through the office of Fossil Energy
FX The authors acknowledge the Department of Energy for funding the
   research through the office of Fossil Energy's Gasification Technology
   and Advanced Research funding programs. Special thanks go to Duane
   Miller and Rich Eddy of URS Energy & Construction, Inc. for their
   assistance with experimental work and data. The authors also extend
   thanks to Dr. George Richards and Dave Huckaby for their input in
   numerous discussions.
NR 29
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 21
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0306-2619
EI 1872-9118
J9 APPL ENERG
JI Appl. Energy
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 145
BP 180
EP 190
DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.018
PG 11
WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering
GA CG0ZF
UT WOS:000353002100017
ER

PT J
AU Li, MD
   Cui, WP
   Wu, LJ
   Meng, QP
   Zhu, YM
   Zhang, Y
   Liu, WS
   Ren, ZF
AF Li, Mingda
   Cui, Wenping
   Wu, Lijun
   Meng, Qingping
   Zhu, Yimei
   Zhang, Yong
   Liu, Weishu
   Ren, Zhifeng
TI Topological effect of surface plasmon excitation in gapped isotropic
   topological insulator nanowires
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID NANORODS; POLARITONS; RESONANCE; SENSORS
AB We present a theoretical investigation of the surface plasmon (SP) at the interface between a topologically nontrivial cylindrical core and a topologically trivial surrounding material, from the axion electrodynamics and modified constitutive relations. We find that the topological effect always leads to a red-shift of SP energy, while the energy red-shift decreases monotonically as core diameter decreases. A qualitative picture based on classical perturbation theory is given to explain these phenomena, from which we also infer that to enhance the shift, the difference between the inverse of dielectric constants of two materials must be increased. We also find that the surrounding magnetic environment suppresses the topological effect. All these features can be well described by a simple ansatz surface wave, which is in good agreement with full electromagnetic eigenmodes. In addition, bulk plasmon energy at omega(p) = 17.5 +/- 0.2 eV for a semiconducting Bi2Se3 nanoparticle is observed from high-resolution electron energy loss spectrum measurements.
C1 [Li, Mingda] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Cui, Wenping] Univ Bonn, Dept Phys, D-53113 Bonn, Germany.
   [Cui, Wenping] Univ Cologne, Inst Theoret Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
   [Wu, Lijun; Meng, Qingping; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Zhang, Yong] MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   [Liu, Weishu; Ren, Zhifeng] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA.
RP Li, MD (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
EM mingda@mit.edu
NR 40
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 24
PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS
PI OTTAWA
PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA
SN 0008-4204
EI 1208-6045
J9 CAN J PHYS
JI Can. J. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 93
IS 5
BP 591
EP 598
DI 10.1139/cjp-2014-0418
PG 8
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA CG8SY
UT WOS:000353584000015
ER

PT J
AU Wasserman, HJ
   Gerber, RA
AF Wasserman, Harvey J.
   Gerber, Richard A.
TI The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center: Forty Years of
   Supercomputing Leadership
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Wasserman, Harvey J.; Gerber, Richard A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Wasserman, HJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM hjwasserman@lbl.gov; ragerber@lbl.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
EI 1558-366X
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 3
BP 6
EP 8
PG 3
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA CG6TU
UT WOS:000353436100002
ER

PT J
AU Ethier, S
   Chang, CS
   Ku, SH
   Lee, WL
   Wang, WX
   Lin, ZH
   Tang, W
AF Ethier, Stephane
   Chang, Choon-Seock
   Ku, Seung-Hoe
   Lee, Wei-li
   Wang, Weixing
   Lin, Zhihong
   Tang, William
TI NERSC's Impact on Advances of Global Gyrokinetic PIC Codes for Fusion
   Energy Research
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID PARTICLE SIMULATION-MODEL; NUMERICAL SIMULATION; PLASMA; TURBULENCE;
   TRANSPORT; GEOMETRY; SCALE; FLOWS
AB The National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) was originally launched as a computing center for the exclusive support of magnetic confinement fusion research in the US. One example of the numerous computational achievements enabled by NERSC is the development Of the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell approach for the simulation of turbulent transport in tokamak fusion devices.
C1 [Ethier, Stephane] US DOE, Computat Plasma Phys Grp, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
   [Chang, Choon-Seock; Lee, Wei-li] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA.
   [Ku, Seung-Hoe; Wang, Weixing] US DOE, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
   [Lin, Zhihong] Univ Calif Irvine, Phys, Irvine, CA USA.
   [Lin, Zhihong] Univ Calif Irvine, DOEs SciDAC GSEP Ctr, Irvine, CA USA.
   [Tang, William] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Tang, William] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
   [Tang, William] Princeton Univ, Execut Board, Princeton Inst Computat Sci & Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.
RP Ethier, S (reprint author), US DOE, Computat Plasma Phys Grp, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
EM ethier@pppl.gov; cschang@pppl.gov; sku@pppl.gov; wwlee@pppl.gov;
   wwang@pppl.gov; zhihongl@uci.edu; wtang@princeton.edu
RI Ku, Seung-Hoe/D-2315-2009
OI Ku, Seung-Hoe/0000-0002-9964-1208
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; US Department of Energy
   (DOE) SciDAC GSEP Center; Office of Science, the US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX Research at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory is supported by the
   US Department of Energy, contract DE-AC02-09CH11466. Z. Lin is funded in
   part by the US Department of Energy (DOE) SciDAC GSEP Center. The
   research presented used resources of the National Energy Research
   Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of
   Science, the US Department of Energy, under contract number
   DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 45
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 7
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
EI 1558-366X
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 3
BP 10
EP 21
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA CG6TU
UT WOS:000353436100003
ER

PT J
AU Borrill, J
   Keskitalo, R
   Kisner, T
AF Borrill, Julian
   Keskitalo, Reijo
   Kisner, Theodore
TI Big Bang, Big Data, Big Iron: Fifteen Years of Cosmic Microwave
   Background Data Analysis at NERSC
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB The analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) datasets poses a significant computational challenge. Since 1997, researchers at Berkeley Lab have used the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) to meet this challenge, constantly adapting their analysis algorithms and implementations to both the exponential growth of the data and the architectural evolution of the NERSC supercomputers.
C1 [Borrill, Julian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Keskitalo, Reijo] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [Kisner, Theodore] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Borrill, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jdborrill@lbl.gov; rtkeskitalo@lbl.gov; tskisner@lbl.gov
FU US Department of Energy's Office of High Energy Physics; National
   Science Foundation's PetaApps program; Office of Science of the DOE
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA
FX This work was made possible by funding from the US Department of
   Energy's Office of High Energy Physics, NASA's AISR and APRA programs,
   and the National Science Foundation's PetaApps program. It used very
   significant resources at the National Energy Research Scientific
   Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the DOE
   under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231.
NR 6
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 6
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
EI 1558-366X
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 3
BP 22
EP 29
PG 8
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA CG6TU
UT WOS:000353436100004
ER

PT J
AU Deslippe, J
   Austin, B
   Daley, C
   Yang, WS
AF Deslippe, Jack
   Austin, Brian
   Daley, Chris
   Yang, Woo-Sun
TI Lessons Learned from Optimizing Science Kernels for Intel's "Knights
   Corner" Architecture
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB Optimizing the codes and kernels representing the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center's workload on the Knights Corner architecture helped pave the path for NERSC's newest machine. Con will use the next generation of Intel Xeon Phi processors: Knights Landing.
C1 [Deslippe, Jack; Austin, Brian; Daley, Chris; Yang, Woo-Sun] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Deslippe, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jrdeslippe@lbl.gov; baustin@lbl.gov; csdaley@lbl.gov; wyang@lbl.gov
FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231];
   SciDAC Program on Excited State Phenomena in Energy Materials - US
   Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Advanced
   Scientific Computing Research at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
   [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
FX This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific
   Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the
   Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-05CH11231. The BerkeleyGW research was supported by the SciDAC
   Program on Excited State Phenomena in Energy Materials funded by the US
   Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and of Advanced
   Scientific Computing Research, under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231
   at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We thank Helen He and Nick
   Cardo for configuration of the NERSC Babbage KNC testbed system. We also
   thank Nick Wright, Katie Antypas, Harvey Wasserman, Matt Cordery, and
   other members of the NERSC app readiness team for helpful discussion and
   collaboration during this process.
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 4
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
EI 1558-366X
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 3
BP 30
EP 42
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA CG6TU
UT WOS:000353436100005
ER

PT J
AU Yao, YS
   Bowen, BP
   Baron, D
   Poznanski, D
AF Yao, Yushu
   Bowen, Benjamin P.
   Baron, Dalya
   Poznanski, Dovi
TI SciDB for High-Performance Array-Structured Science Data at NERSC
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS
AB NERSC's approach to dealing with large amounts of structured data involves using SciDB as a unified data management, analysis, and sharing framework. Two use cases and their basic operations describe how researchers analyze different workloads and scales.
C1 [Yao, Yushu] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Bowen, Benjamin P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA.
   [Baron, Dalya] Tel Aviv Univ, Phys & Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
   [Poznanski, Dovi] Tel Aviv Univ, Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
RP Yao, YS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM yyao@lbl.gov; bpbowen@lbl.gov; dalyabaron@gmail.com; dovi@tau.ac.il
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 3
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
EI 1558-366X
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 3
BP 44
EP 52
PG 9
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA CG6TU
UT WOS:000353436100006
ER

PT J
AU Jones, KE
AF Jones, Katie Elyce
TI Titan Takes on the Universe: Large-Scale Cosmology Simulation of
   Universe Mines for Halos Where Galaxies Are Born
SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Jones, KE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM joneskel@ornl.gov
FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC0500OR22725]; US Department of Energy's
   Office of High Energy Physics; DoE's Office of Science's Advanced
   Scientific Computing Research Program
FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract
   no. DE-AC0500OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The US government
   retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication,
   acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up,
   irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published
   form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the US government
   purposes. The DoE will provide public access to these results of
   federally sponsored research in accordance with the DoE Public Access
   Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). This research
   is supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of High Energy
   Physics and the DoE's Office of Science's Advanced Scientific Computing
   Research Program.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA
SN 1521-9615
EI 1558-366X
J9 COMPUT SCI ENG
JI Comput. Sci. Eng.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 3
BP 68
EP 69
PG 2
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
SC Computer Science
GA CG6TU
UT WOS:000353436100009
ER

PT J
AU Yun, EJ
   Lee, S
   Kim, HT
   Pelton, JG
   Kim, S
   Ko, HJ
   Choi, IG
   Kim, KH
AF Yun, Eun Ju
   Lee, Saeyoung
   Kim, Hee Taek
   Pelton, Jeffrey G.
   Kim, Sooah
   Ko, Hyeok-Jin
   Choi, In-Geol
   Kim, Kyoung Heon
TI The novel catabolic pathway of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, the main
   component of red macroalgae, in a marine bacterium
SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SACCHAROPHAGUS-DEGRADANS 2-40; BETA-AGARASE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION;
   ESCHERICHIA-COLI; METABOLIC NETWORKS; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS;
   GELIDIUM-AMANSII; ACID-HYDROLYSIS; AGAROSE; ENZYME
AB The catabolic fate of the major monomeric sugar of red macroalgae, 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (AHG), is completely unknown in any organisms. AHG is not catabolized by ordinary fermentative microorganisms, and it hampers the utilization of red macroalgae as renewable biomass for biofuel and chemical production. In this study, metabolite and transcriptomic analyses of Vibrio sp., a marine bacterium capable of catabolizing AHG as a sole carbon source, revealed two key metabolic intermediates of AHG, 3,6-anhydrogalactonate (AHGA) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-galactonate; the corresponding genes were verified in vitro enzymatic reactions using their recombinant proteins. Oxidation by an NADP(+)-dependent AHG dehydrogenase and isomerization by an AHGA cycloisomerase are the two key AHG metabolic processes. This newly discovered metabolic route was verified in vivo by demonstrating the growth of Escherichia coli harbouring the genes of these two enzymes on AHG as a sole carbon source. Also, the introduction of only these two enzymes into an ethanologenic E.coli strain increased the ethanol production in E.coli by fermenting both AHG and galactose in an agarose hydrolysate. These findings provide not only insights for the evolutionary adaptation of a central metabolic pathway to utilize uncommon substrates in microbes, but also a metabolic design principle for bioconversion of red macroalgal biomass into biofuels or industrial chemicals.
C1 [Yun, Eun Ju; Lee, Saeyoung; Kim, Hee Taek; Kim, Sooah; Ko, Hyeok-Jin; Choi, In-Geol; Kim, Kyoung Heon] Korea Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Grad Sch, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
   [Pelton, Jeffrey G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Grad Sch, Seoul 136713, South Korea.
EM igchoi@korea.ac.kr; khekim@korea.ac.kr
RI Kim, Kyoung Heon/F-1059-2013; Choi, In-Geol/F-3152-2013
OI Kim, Kyoung Heon/0000-0003-4600-8668; 
FU National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Education
   [2011-0015629]; Advanced Biomass R&D Center of Korea - Ministry of
   Science, ICT and Future Planning [2011-0031353]
FX This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation
   (NRF) (2011-0015629) funded by the Ministry of Education and the
   Advanced Biomass R&D Center of Korea (2011-0031353) funded by the
   Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning. Facility support at the
   Korea University Food Safety Hall for the Institute of Biomedical
   Science and Food Safety is acknowledged.
NR 48
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 18
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1462-2912
EI 1462-2920
J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL
JI Environ. Microbiol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 17
IS 5
BP 1677
EP 1688
DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12607
PG 12
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA CG7TD
UT WOS:000353507100016
PM 25156229
ER

PT J
AU Wolsky, AM
AF Wolsky, Alan M.
TI On a charge conserving alternative to Maxwell's displacement current
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE electromagnetism; displacement current; local conservation of charge;
   magneto-quasistatics; electro-quasistatics; Darwin approximation;
   electrodynamics
ID COULOMB GAUGE; NEWTONS LAW; CAUSALITY; FIELD; GRAVITATION
AB Though sufficient for local conservation of charge, we show that Maxwell's displacement current is not necessary. An alternative to the Ampere-Maxwell equation is exhibited and the alternative's electric and magnetic fields and scalar and vector potentials are expressed in terms of the charge and current densities. The alternative describes a theory in which action is instantaneous and so may provide a good approximation to Maxwell's equations where and when the finite speed of light can be neglected. The result is reminiscent of the Darwin approximation which arose from the study classical charged point particles to order (v/c)(2) in the Lagrangian. Unlike Darwin's, this approach does not depend on the constitution of the electric current. Instead, this approach grows from a straightforward revision of the Ampere equation that enforces the local conservation of charge.
C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Wolsky, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
EM AWolsky@ANL.gov
NR 43
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0143-0807
EI 1361-6404
J9 EUR J PHYS
JI Eur. J. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 36
IS 3
AR 035019
DI 10.1088/0143-0807/36/3/035019
PG 13
WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Education & Educational Research; Physics
GA CG1VT
UT WOS:000353064100019
ER

PT J
AU Schimel, D
   Pavlick, R
   Fisher, JB
   Asner, GP
   Saatchi, S
   Townsend, P
   Miller, C
   Frankenberg, C
   Hibbard, K
   Cox, P
AF Schimel, David
   Pavlick, Ryan
   Fisher, Joshua B.
   Asner, Gregory P.
   Saatchi, Sassan
   Townsend, Philip
   Miller, Charles
   Frankenberg, Christian
   Hibbard, Kathy
   Cox, Peter
TI Observing terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle from space
SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE arctic; boreal; carbon; climate feedback; diversity; fluroescence;
   spectroscopy; tropics
ID EARTH SYSTEM MODELS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; IMAGING
   SPECTROSCOPY; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; AMAZONIAN FOREST; GLOBAL PATTERNS;
   GROWING-SEASON; DATA SET; CLIMATE
AB Terrestrial ecosystem and carbon cycle feedbacks will significantly impact future climate, but their responses are highly uncertain. Models and tipping point analyses suggest the tropics and arctic/boreal zone carbon-climate feedbacks could be disproportionately large. In situ observations in those regions are sparse, resulting in high uncertainties in carbon fluxes and fluxes. Key parameters controlling ecosystem carbon responses, such as plant traits, are also sparsely observed in the tropics, with the most diverse biome on the planet treated as a single type in models. We analyzed the spatial distribution of in situ data for carbon fluxes, stocks and plant traits globally and also evaluated the potential of remote sensing to observe these quantities. New satellite data products go beyond indices of greenness and can address spatial sampling gaps for specific ecosystem properties and parameters. Because environmental conditions and access limit in situ observations in tropical and arctic/boreal environments, use of space-based techniques can reduce sampling bias and uncertainty about tipping point feedbacks to climate. To reliably detect change and develop the understanding of ecosystems needed for prediction, significantly, more data are required in critical regions. This need can best be met with a strategic combination of remote and in situ data, with satellite observations providing the dense sampling in space and time required to characterize the heterogeneity of ecosystem structure and function.
C1 [Schimel, David; Pavlick, Ryan; Fisher, Joshua B.; Saatchi, Sassan; Miller, Charles; Frankenberg, Christian] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
   [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   [Townsend, Philip] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
   [Hibbard, Kathy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Cox, Peter] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England.
RP Schimel, D (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA.
EM dschimel@jpl.nasa.gov
RI Cox, Peter/B-3299-2012; Townsend, Philip/B-5741-2008; Frankenberg,
   Christian/A-2944-2013; 
OI Townsend, Philip/0000-0001-7003-8774; Frankenberg,
   Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Schimel, David/0000-0003-3473-8065;
   Fisher, Joshua/0000-0003-4734-9085
FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; IGBP; European Space
   Agency
FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
   California Institute of Technology, and was under a contract with the
   National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This study made use of
   TRENDY terrestrial process model output downloaded in January 2012 (Fig.
   3). We thank the TRENDY modelers: Stephen Sitch, Chris Huntingford, Ben
   Poulter, Anders Ahlstrom, Mark Lomas, Peter Levy, Sam Levis, Sonke
   Zaehle, Nicolas Viovy and Ning Zeng. We also thank Jens Kattge and the
   TRY database project participants for access to data and metadata on
   plant traits, and Bev Law and Dennis Baldocchi for comments and
   encouragement. This manuscript is in part an outcome of an International
   Geosphere Biosphere Project workshop held at Merton College, Oxford, and
   we thank the IGBP and the European Space Agency for their support.
NR 88
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 33
U2 174
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1354-1013
EI 1365-2486
J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL
JI Glob. Change Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 21
IS 5
BP 1762
EP 1776
DI 10.1111/gcb.12822
PG 15
WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences
SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CG3ZX
UT WOS:000353220500003
PM 25472464
ER

PT J
AU Zelinka, SL
   Gleber, SC
   Vogt, S
   Lopez, GMR
   Jakes, JE
AF Zelinka, Samuel L.
   Gleber, Sophie-Charlotte
   Vogt, Stefan
   Lopez, Gabriela M. Rodriguez
   Jakes, Joseph E.
TI Threshold for ion movements in wood cell walls below fiber saturation
   observed by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM)
SO HOLZFORSCHUNG
LA English
DT Article
DE ionic conduction; micro X-ray fluorescence; percolation; wood anatomy;
   wood-moisture relations
ID ALLOY COATED STEEL; WATER RELATIONS; BEHAVIOR; MOISTURE; DECAY; ZINC
AB Diffusion of chemicals and ions through the wood cell wall plays an important role in wood damage mechanisms. In the present work, free diffusion of ions through wood secondary walls and middle lamellae has been investigated as a function of moisture content (MC) and anatomical direction. Various ions (K, Cl, Zn, Cu) were injected into selected regions of 2 mu m thick wood sections with a microinjector and then the ion distribution was mapped by means of X-ray fluorescence microscopy with submicron spatial resolution. The MC of the wood was controlled in situ by means of climatic chamber with controlled relative humidity (RH). For all ions investigated, there was a threshold RH below which the concentration profiles did not change. The threshold RH depended upon ionic species, cell wall layer, and wood anatomical orientation. Above the threshold RH, differences in mobility among ions were observed and the mobility depended upon anatomical direction and cell wall layer. These observations support a recently proposed percolation model of electrical conduction in wood. The results contribute to understanding the mechanisms of fungal decay and fastener corrosion that occur below the fiber saturation point.
C1 [Jakes, Joseph E.] US Forest Serv, Forest Biopolymers Sci & Engn, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
   [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Lopez, Gabriela M. Rodriguez] US Forest Serv, Durabil & Wood Protect Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
   [Gleber, Sophie-Charlotte; Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Jakes, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Biopolymers Sci & Engn, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, One Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA.
EM jjakes@fs.fed.us
RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013
OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513
FU USDA PECASE Awards; SURE-REU program at UW-Madison; US Department of
   Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38]
FX JEJ and SLZ acknowledge funding from 2011 and 2010 USDA PECASE Awards,
   respectively. GMR acknowledges the SURE-REU program at UW-Madison for
   support to conduct research during summer 2013. The use of Advanced
   Photon Source facilities was supported by the US Department of Energy,
   Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract number
   W-31-109-Eng-38. The authors acknowledge the machine shop at the Forest
   Products Laboratory for construction of the in situ relative humidity
   chamber.
NR 24
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 10
PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH
PI BERLIN
PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY
SN 0018-3830
EI 1437-434X
J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG
JI Holzforschung
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 69
IS 4
BP 441
EP 448
DI 10.1515/hf-2014-0138
PG 8
WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood
SC Forestry; Materials Science
GA CG6NR
UT WOS:000353419400008
ER

PT J
AU Ton, DT
   Wang, WTP
AF Ton, Dan T.
   Wang, W-T. Paul
TI A More Resilient Grid
SO IEEE Power & Energy Magazine
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Ton, Dan T.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
   [Wang, W-T. Paul] Energy & Environm Resources Grp LLC, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
RP Ton, DT (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1540-7977
EI 1558-4216
J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M
JI IEEE Power Energy Mag.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 13
IS 3
BP 26
EP 34
DI 10.1109/MPE.2015.2397337
PG 9
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CG9LH
UT WOS:000353636100005
ER

PT J
AU Marnay, C
   Aki, H
   Hirose, K
   Kwasinski, A
   Ogura, S
   Shinji, T
AF Marnay, Chris
   Aki, Hirohisa
   Hirose, Keiichi
   Kwasinski, Alexis
   Ogura, Saori
   Shinji, Takao
TI Japan's Pivot to Resilience: How Two Microgrids Fared After the 2011
   Earthquake
SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE
LA English
DT Article
C1 [Marnay, Chris] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Aki, Hirohisa] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
   [Hirose, Keiichi] NTT Facil, Tokyo, Japan.
   [Kwasinski, Alexis] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
   [Ogura, Saori] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   [Shinji, Takao] Tokyo Gas, Tokyo, Japan.
RP Marnay, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
OI Aki, Hirohisa/0000-0001-9012-459X
FU U.S. National Science Foundation under a CAREER ECCS [0845828]
FX The authors have benefitted from valuable input as well as graphics and
   other materials from several sources. They particularly recognize the
   following: Andrea Mammoli at the University of New Mexico, Alex
   McEachern at Power Standards Laboratory, Kimio Morino at Shimizu Corp.,
   and Satoshi Morozumi at NEDO. Joe Eto of Lawrence Berkeley National
   Laboratory reviewed a draft of the article and provided helpful input.
   Chris Marnay's participation is supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy and the U.S. Trade Development Administration. Alexis Kwasinski's
   contribution is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under a
   CAREER ECCS award #0845828.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 7
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1540-7977
EI 1558-4216
J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M
JI IEEE Power Energy Mag.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 13
IS 3
BP 44
EP 57
DI 10.1109/MPE.2015.2397333
PG 14
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA CG9LH
UT WOS:000353636100007
ER

PT J
AU Lian, JM
   Hu, JH
   Zak, SH
AF Lian, Jianming
   Hu, Jianghai
   Zak, Stanislaw H.
TI Variable Neural Adaptive Robust Control: A Switched System Approach
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
DE Adaptive robust control; piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function;
   self-organizing approximator; uncertain system; variable-structure
   neural network
ID MIMO NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; OUTPUT-FEEDBACK CONTROL; LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS;
   HYBRID SYSTEMS; NETWORKS; APPROXIMATION
AB Variable neural adaptive robust control strategies are proposed for the output tracking control of a class of multiinput multioutput uncertain systems. The controllers incorporate a novel variable-structure radial basis function (RBF) network as the self-organizing approximator for unknown system dynamics. It can determine the network structure online dynamically by adding or removing RBFs according to the tracking performance. The structure variation is systematically considered in the stability analysis of the closed-loop system using a switched system approach with the piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function. The performance of the proposed variable neural adaptive robust controllers is illustrated with simulations.
C1 [Lian, Jianming] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   [Hu, Jianghai; Zak, Stanislaw H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
RP Lian, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM jianming.lian@pnnl.gov; jianghai@ecn.purdue.edu; zak@purdue.edu
NR 33
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 13
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 2162-237X
EI 2162-2388
J9 IEEE T NEUR NET LEAR
JI IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 26
IS 5
BP 903
EP 915
DI 10.1109/TNNLS.2014.2327853
PG 13
WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware &
   Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering,
   Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA CG2RM
UT WOS:000353122400002
PM 25881366
ER

PT J
AU Shih, C
   Katoh, Y
   Ozawa, K
   Lara-Curzio, E
   Snead, L
AF Shih, Chunghao
   Katoh, Yutai
   Ozawa, Kazumi
   Lara-Curzio, Edgar
   Snead, Lance
TI Through Thickness Mechanical Properties of Chemical Vapor Infiltration
   and Nano-Infiltration and Transient Eutectic-Phase Processed SiC/SiC
   Composites
SO International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBIDE COMPOSITES; SHEAR-STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; INPLANE
AB The through thickness (interlaminar) shear strength and trans-thickness tensile strength of three different nuclear-grade SiC/SiC composites were evaluated at room temperature by the double-notched shear and diametral compression tests, respectively. With increasing densification of the interlaminar matrix region, a transition in failure locations from interlayer to intrafiber bundle was observed, along with significant increases in the value of the interlaminar shear strength. Under trans-thickness tensile loading, cracks were found to propagate easily in the unidirectional composite. The 2D woven composite had a higher trans-thickness tensile strength (38MPa) because the failure mode involved debonding, fiber pull-out and fiber failure.
C1 [Shih, Chunghao; Katoh, Yutai; Ozawa, Kazumi; Lara-Curzio, Edgar; Snead, Lance] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Shih, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008,MS 6138, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
EM shihc@ornl.gov
FU Office of Fusion Energy Science, U.S. Department of Energy
   [DE-AC0500OR22725]; UT-Batelle, LLC.
FX Supported by the Office of Fusion Energy Science, U.S. Department of
   Energy under contract DE-AC0500OR22725 with UT-Batelle, LLC.
NR 28
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 9
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1546-542X
EI 1744-7402
J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC
JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 3
BP 481
EP 490
DI 10.1111/ijac.12256
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA CG6CG
UT WOS:000353382500001
ER

PT J
AU Ferraris, M
   Ventrella, A
   Salvo, M
   Katoh, Y
   Gross, D
AF Ferraris, Monica
   Ventrella, Andrea
   Salvo, Milena
   Katoh, Yutai
   Gross, Dietmar
TI Torsional Shear Strength Tests for Glass-Ceramic Joined Silicon Carbide
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB A torsion test on hour-glass-shaped samples with a full joined or a ring-shaped joined area was chosen to measure shear strength of glass-ceramic joined silicon carbide. Shear strength of about 100 MPa was measured for full joined SiC with fracture completely inside their joined area. Attempts to obtain this shear strength with a ring-shaped joined area failed due to mixed mode fractures. On the contrary, full joined and ring-shaped steel hour-glasses joined by a glass-ceramic gave the same shear strength, thus suggesting that this test measures shear strength of joined components only when their fracture is completely inside their joined area.
C1 [Ferraris, Monica; Ventrella, Andrea; Salvo, Milena] Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
   [Katoh, Yutai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
   [Gross, Dietmar] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Div Solid Mech, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
RP Ferraris, M (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy.
EM milena.salvo@polito.it
FU Bilateral Project Japan-Italy - Italian Foreign Ministry (Progetti di
   Grande Rilevanza Nazionale); US-Japan TITAN fusion blanket engineering
   and materials collaboration program; European Union
FX The authors would like to thank Dr S. Han for her helpful experimental
   activity. These results are part of an international project involving
   ORNL (U.S.A.), Kyoto University (Japan), and Politecnico di Torino
   (Italy). The aim of the collaboration was to design and test reliable,
   low activation/transmutation materials as joining material for SiC and
   SiC/SiC, and to find a test suitable to measure the shear strength of
   joined SiC and SiC/SiC before and after neutron irradiation. This work
   was supported in part by the Bilateral Project Japan-Italy funded by the
   Italian Foreign Ministry (Progetti di Grande Rilevanza Nazionale
   2010-2013), US-Japan TITAN fusion blanket engineering and materials
   collaboration program and by the European Union's Seventh Framework
   Programme managed by REA-Research Executive Agency
   http://ec.europa.eu/research/rea, and it participates in a Marie Curie
   Action (GlaCERCo GA 264526).
NR 16
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1546-542X
EI 1744-7402
J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC
JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol.
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2015
VL 12
IS 3
BP 693
EP 699
DI 10.1111/ijac.12248
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA CG6CG
UT WOS:000353382500025
ER

PT J
AU Yoon, S
   Cruz-Garcia, C
   Sanford, R
   Ritalahti, KM
   Loffler, FE
AF Yoon, Sukhwan
   Cruz-Garcia, Claribel
   Sanford, Robert
   Ritalahti, Kirsti M.
   Loeffler, Frank E.
TI Denitrification versus respiratory ammonification: environmental
   controls of two competing dissimilatory NO3-/NO2- reduction pathways in
   Shewanella loihica strain PV-4
SO ISME JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; NITRATE REDUCTION; NITRITE REDUCTASE;
   NITROUS-OXIDE; CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE; BENTHIC METABOLISM; ONEIDENSIS MR-1;
   TROPICAL FOREST; PH-DEPENDENCE
AB Denitrification and respiratory ammonification are two competing, energy-conserving NO3-/NO2- reduction pathways that have major biogeochemical consequences for N retention, plant growth and climate. Batch and continuous culture experiments using Shewanella loihica strain PV-4, a bacterium possessing both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways, revealed factors that determine NO3-/NO2- fate. Denitrification dominated at low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios (that is, electron donor-limiting growth conditions), whereas ammonium was the predominant product at high C/N ratios (that is, electron acceptor-limiting growth conditions). pH and temperature also affected NO3-/NO2- fate, and incubation above pH 7.0 and temperatures of 30 degrees C favored ammonium formation. Reverse-transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR analyses correlated the phenotypic observations with nirK and nosZ transcript abundances that decreased up to 1600-fold and 27-fold, respectively, under conditions favoring respiratory ammonification. Of the two nrfA genes encoded on the strain PV-4 genome, nrfA(0844) transcription decreased only when the chemostat reactor received medium with the lowest C/N ratio of 1.5, whereas nrfA(0505) transcription occurred at low levels (<= 3.4 x 10(-2) transcripts per cell) under all growth conditions. At intermediate C/N ratios, denitrification and respiratory ammonification occurred concomitantly, and both nrfA(0844) (5.5 transcripts per cell) and nirK (0.88 transcripts per cell) were transcribed. Recent findings suggest that organisms with both the denitrification and respiratory ammonification pathways are not uncommon in soil and sediment ecosystems, and strain PV-4 offers a tractable experimental system to explore regulation of dissimilatory NO3-/NO2- reduction pathways.
C1 [Yoon, Sukhwan; Ritalahti, Kirsti M.; Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Yoon, Sukhwan; Ritalahti, Kirsti M.; Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
   [Yoon, Sukhwan] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea.
   [Cruz-Garcia, Claribel] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Sanford, Robert] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
   [Ritalahti, Kirsti M.; Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Ritalahti, Kirsti M.; Loeffler, Frank E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab UT ORNL, JIBS, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Ritalahti, Kirsti M.; Loeffler, Frank E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
   [Loeffler, Frank E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
RP Loffler, FE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, M409 Walters Life Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
EM frank.loeffler@utk.edu
RI Yoon, Sukhwan/I-1605-2014; Yoon, Sukhwan/E-2503-2017
OI Yoon, Sukhwan/0000-0002-9933-7054
FU US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental
   Research, Genomic Science Program [DE-SC0006662]
FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of
   Biological and Environmental Research, Genomic Science Program, Award
   DE-SC0006662.
NR 63
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 18
U2 81
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1751-7362
EI 1751-7370
J9 ISME J
JI ISME J.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 1093
EP 1104
DI 10.1038/ismej.2014.201
PG 12
WC Ecology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology
GA CG5SH
UT WOS:000353354100004
PM 25350157
ER

PT J
AU Beier, S
   Rivers, AR
   Moran, MA
   Obernosterer, I
AF Beier, Sara
   Rivers, Adam R.
   Moran, Mary Ann
   Obernosterer, Ingrid
TI Phenotypic plasticity in heterotrophic marine microbial communities in
   continuous cultures
SO ISME JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID ENVIRONMENT; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE; SEARCH; BLAST
AB Phenotypic plasticity (PP) is the development of alternate phenotypes of a given taxon as an adaptation to environmental conditions. Methodological limitations have restricted the quantification of PP to the measurement of a few traits in single organisms. We used metatranscriptomic libraries to overcome these challenges and estimate PP using the expressed genes of multiple heterotrophic organisms as a proxy for traits in a microbial community. The metatranscriptomes captured the expression response of natural marine bacterial communities grown on differing carbon resource regimes in continuous cultures. We found that taxa with different magnitudes of PP coexisted in the same cultures, and that members of the order Rhodobacterales had the highest levels of PP. In agreement with previous studies, our results suggest that continuous culturing may have specifically selected for taxa featuring a rather high range of PP. On average, PP and abundance changes within a taxon contributed equally to the organism's change in functional gene abundance, implying that both PP and abundance mediated observed differences in community function. However, not all functional changes due to PP were directly reflected in the bulk community functional response: gene expression changes in individual taxa due to PP were partly masked by counterbalanced expression of the same gene in other taxa. This observation demonstrates that PP had a stabilizing effect on a community's functional response to environmental change.
C1 [Beier, Sara; Obernosterer, Ingrid] CNRS, Lab Oceanog Microbienne, UMR 7621, Banyuls Sur Mer, France.
   [Beier, Sara; Obernosterer, Ingrid] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Oceanog Microbienne, Observ Oceanol,UMR 7621, Banyuls Sur Mer, France.
   [Rivers, Adam R.] US Dept, Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA.
   [Moran, Mary Ann] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
RP Beier, S (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res Warnemunde, Seestr 15, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
EM sara.beier@io-warnemuende.de
RI Obernosterer, Ingrid/A-5434-2011; 
OI Moran, Mary Ann/0000-0002-0702-8167
FU Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, Project BACCIO, A Biomolecular
   Approach to the Cycling of Carbon and Iron in the Ocean) [ANR-08-BLAN-0
   309]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [538.01]
FX We appreciate Shalabh Sharma, Marcelino Suzuki, Michel Krawczyk and
   Olivier Lagrasse for assistance with bioinformatics analyses and we
   appreciate Stephane Blain for help during the experimental setup. This
   work was supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche
   (ANR, Project BACCIO, A Biomolecular Approach to the Cycling of Carbon
   and Iron in the Ocean, ANR-08-BLAN-0 309) and the Gordon and Betty Moore
   Foundation (Grant no. 538.01).
NR 28
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U1 1
U2 17
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1751-7362
EI 1751-7370
J9 ISME J
JI ISME J.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 9
IS 5
BP 1141
EP 1151
DI 10.1038/ismej.2014.206
PG 11
WC Ecology; Microbiology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology
GA CG5SH
UT WOS:000353354100008
PM 25397947
ER

PT J
AU Hovanski, Y
   Carsley, JE
   Clarke, KD
   Krajewski, PE
AF Hovanski, Yuri
   Carsley, John E.
   Clarke, Kester D.
   Krajewski, Paul E.
TI Friction-Stir Welding and Processing
SO JOM
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 [Hovanski, Yuri] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Carsley, John E.; Krajewski, Paul E.] Gen Motors Co, Warren, MI USA.
   [Clarke, Kester D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA.
RP Hovanski, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM yuri.hovanski@pnnl.gov; john.carsley@gm.com; kclarke@lanl.gov;
   paul.e.krajewski@gm.com
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 19
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 67
IS 5
BP 996
EP 997
DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1397-5
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
   Mining & Mineral Processing
GA CG4BD
UT WOS:000353224600014
ER

PT J
AU Upadhyay, P
   Reynolds, AP
AF Upadhyay, Piyush
   Reynolds, Anthony P.
TI Thermal Management in Friction-Stir Welding of Precipitation-Hardened
   Aluminum Alloys
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERATION; PARAMETERS
AB Process design and implementation in friction-stir welding (FSW) is mostly dependent on empirical information. Basic science of FSW and processing can only be complete when fundamental interrelationships between the process control parameters and response variables and the resulting weld microstructure and properties are established to a reasonable extent. It is known that primary process control parameters such as tool rotation, translation rates, and forge axis force have complicated and interactive relationships to process-response variables such as peak temperature and time at temperature. Of primary influence on the other process-response parameters are temperature and its gradient in the deformation and heat-affected zones. Through a review of pertinent works in the literature and results from boundary condition experiments performed in precipitation-hardening aluminum alloys, this article partially elucidates the nature and effects of temperature transients caused by variation of thermal boundaries in FSW.
C1 [Upadhyay, Piyush] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
   [Reynolds, Anthony P.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Mech Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
RP Upadhyay, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM Piyush.Upadhyay@pnnl.gov
FU Center for Friction Stir Processing, a National Science Foundation
   I/UCRC program [EEC-0437341]
FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Center for Friction
   Stir Processing, which is a National Science Foundation I/UCRC program
   (Grant No. EEC-0437341). The authors thank Dr. Wei Tang and Daniel
   Wilhelm, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South
   Carolina, Columbia, SC, for their help in preparing the weld joints.
NR 31
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 16
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 67
IS 5
BP 1022
EP 1031
DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1381-0
PG 10
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
   Mining & Mineral Processing
GA CG4BD
UT WOS:000353224600018
ER

PT J
AU Hovanski, Y
   Upadhyay, P
   Carsley, J
   Luzanski, T
   Carlson, B
   Eisenmenger, M
   Soulami, A
   Marshall, D
   Landino, B
   Hartfield-Wunsch, S
AF Hovanski, Yuri
   Upadhyay, Piyush
   Carsley, John
   Luzanski, Tom
   Carlson, Blair
   Eisenmenger, Mark
   Soulami, Ayoub
   Marshall, Dustin
   Landino, Brandon
   Hartfield-Wunsch, Susan
TI High-Speed Friction-Stir Welding to Enable Aluminum Tailor-Welded Blanks
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID FORMABILITY; SHEETS
AB Current welding technologies for production of aluminum tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) are utilized in low-volume and niche applications, and they have yet to be scaled for the high-volume vehicle market. This study targeted further weight reduction, part reduction, and cost savings by enabling tailor-welded blank technology for aluminum alloys at high volumes. While friction-stir welding (FSW) has been traditionally applied at linear velocities less than 1 m/min, high-volume production applications demand the process be extended to higher velocities more amenable to cost-sensitive production environments. Unfortunately, weld parameters and performance developed and characterized at low-to-moderate welding velocities do not directly translate to high-speed linear FSW. Therefore, to facilitate production of high-volume aluminum FSW components, parameters were developed with a minimum welding velocity of 3 m/min. With an emphasis on weld quality, welded blanks were evaluated for postweld formability using a combination of numerical and experimental methods. An evaluation across scales was ultimately validated by stamping full-size production door inner panels made from dissimilar thickness aluminum TWBs, which provided validation of the numerical and experimental analysis of laboratory-scale tests.
C1 [Hovanski, Yuri; Upadhyay, Piyush; Soulami, Ayoub] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
   [Carsley, John; Carlson, Blair; Hartfield-Wunsch, Susan] Gen Motors Co, Warren, MI USA.
   [Luzanski, Tom; Eisenmenger, Mark; Marshall, Dustin] TWB Co LLC, Monroe, MI USA.
   [Landino, Brandon] Alcoa Inc, Farmington Hills, MI USA.
RP Hovanski, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA.
EM yuri.hovanski@pnnl.gov
FU Department of Energy-EERE-Vehicle Technology Office's Lightweight
   Materials Program
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Department of
   Energy-EERE-Vehicle Technology Office's Lightweight Materials Program
   under the direction of Mr. William Joost. The data shared herein was
   developed as part of a collaborative effort between the Pacific
   Northwest National Laboratory, General Motors Company, TWB Company, and
   Alcoa Inc.
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 6
U2 20
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 67
IS 5
BP 1045
EP 1053
DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1384-x
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
   Mining & Mineral Processing
GA CG4BD
UT WOS:000353224600020
ER

PT J
AU Moser, D
   Pannala, S
   Murthy, J
AF Moser, Daniel
   Pannala, Sreekanth
   Murthy, Jayathi
TI Computation of Effective Radiative Properties of Powders for Selective
   Laser Sintering Simulations
SO JOM
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAT-TRANSFER; PACKED-BEDS
AB Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique for rapidly creating parts directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) model by using a laser to fuse successive layers of powder. However, better understanding of the effect of particle-level variations on the overall build quality is needed. In this work, we investigated these effects computationally by considering the role of the particle size distribution and variations in the powder bed depth to mimic the part complexity found in overhangs and protrusions. In addition, the results from these studies can be distilled to obtain better effective material properties such as laser absorptivity and laser extinction coefficient that are needed for continuum models of the process. We implement a Monte Carlo ray-tracing algorithm within the discrete element model in the open-source simulation software MFiX. Random, loose-packed, particle bed structures are generated, and effective absorptivity and extinction coefficients are calculated. Results are compared against previous computational and experimental measurements for free, monodisperse, and deep powder beds, with good agreement being obtained. Correlations along with uncertainties are developed to allow the effective absorptivity and extinction coefficient as a function of various particle and operational parameters to be accurately set in SLS macroscale models.
C1 [Moser, Daniel; Murthy, Jayathi] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
   [Pannala, Sreekanth] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Moser, D (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, 204 E Dean Keeton St,Stop C2200,ETC 2 5-160, Austin, TX 78712 USA.
EM danrmoser@utexas.edu
NR 13
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 2
U2 37
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1047-4838
EI 1543-1851
J9 JOM-US
JI JOM
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 67
IS 5
BP 1194
EP 1202
DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1386-8
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy;
   Mining & Mineral Processing
GA CG4BD
UT WOS:000353224600038
ER

PT J
AU Wei, X
   Jang, G
   Roper, DK
AF Wei, X.
   Jang, G.
   Roper, D. K.
TI Spectrophotometric determination of tin(II) by redox reaction using
   3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride and N-bromosuccinimide
SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE tin(II) quantification; spectrophotometric method; TMB; NBS; redox
ID TRACE SN(II); OXIDATION; ELECTRODE; SAMPLES; KITS;
   3,5,3,5-TETRAMETHYLBENZIDINE; FLUORESCENCE; ENSEMBLES; CHLORIDE; BISMUTH
AB A rapid, straightforward spectrophotometric method based on the redox reaction of tin(II) with a mixture of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride (TMB) was developed for determining low concentrations of tin(II). The redox method improved sensitivity by 2.3-fold relative to the existing spectrophotometric methods by titrating tin(II) into an equimolar solution of colorimetric reagent TMB and oxidant NBS buffered with acetate to pH between 4.0 and 4.4 at 25A degrees C. The spectral absorption at 452 nm was linear with respect to tin(II) concentration between the limit of quantitation (LOQ, 10 sigma) of 0.05 and 0.34 mu g/mL over which a response curve was generated (R (2) = 0.9981, n = 7). The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated (3 sigma) at 0.01 mu g/mL. Deviation between actual and measured concentrations varied from 0.014 mu g/mL near the LOQ to 0.042 at 0.255 mu g/mL.
C1 [Wei, X.; Roper, D. K.] Univ Arkansas, Ralph E Dept Chem Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
   [Jang, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Wei, X (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ralph E Dept Chem Engn, 3202 Bell Engn Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
EM dkroper@uark.edu
FU NSF [ECCS-1006927, CBET-1134222]; University of Arkansas Foundation;
   Walton Family Charitable Foundation
FX This work was supported in part by NSF ECCS-1006927, NSF CBET-1134222,
   the University of Arkansas Foundation, and the Walton Family Charitable
   Foundation. We thank P. Blake, K. Vickers, and members of the NanoBio
   Photonics Laboratory at the University of Arkansas for insights and
   discussion.
NR 33
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 4
U2 15
PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 1061-9348
EI 1608-3199
J9 J ANAL CHEM+
JI J. Anal. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 70
IS 5
BP 566
EP 572
DI 10.1134/S1061934815050159
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA CG4WL
UT WOS:000353288100007
ER

PT J
AU Fritz, BG
   Barnett, JM
   Snyder, SF
   Bisping, LE
   Rishel, JP
AF Fritz, Bradley G.
   Barnett, J. Matthew
   Snyder, Sandra F.
   Bisping, Lynn E.
   Rishel, Jeremy P.
TI Development of criteria used to establish a background environmental
   monitoring station
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Background monitoring; Environmental monitoring; Airborne Radioactivity;
   Air Sampling
AB It is generally considered necessary to measure concentrations of contaminants-of-concern at a background location when conducting atmospheric environmental surveillance. This is because it is recognized that measurements of background concentrations can enhance interpretation of environmental monitoring data. Despite the recognized need for background measurements, there is little published guidance available that describes how to identify an appropriate atmospheric background monitoring location. This paper develops generic criteria that can guide the decision making process for identifying suitable locations for background atmospheric monitoring station, Detailed methods for evaluating some of these criteria are also provided and a case study for establishment of an atmospheric background surveillance station as part of an environmental surveillance program is described. While the case study focuses on monitoring for radionuclides, the approach is equally valid for any airborne constituent being monitored. The case study shows that implementation of the developed criteria can result in a good, defensible choice for a background atmospheric monitoring location. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 [Fritz, Bradley G.; Barnett, J. Matthew; Snyder, Sandra F.; Bisping, Lynn E.; Rishel, Jeremy P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
RP Fritz, BG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA.
EM Bradley.Fritz@pnnl.gov
OI Snyder, Sandra/0000-0001-5826-1324
FU Effluent Management Group at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under
   U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]
FX The authors would like to thank the Effluent Management Group at Pacific
   Northwest National Laboratory for funding this effort under U.S.
   Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Additionally, Julia
   Flaherty provided an excellent internal peer review which was greatly
   appreciated.
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0265-931X
EI 1879-1700
J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV
JI J. Environ. Radioact.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 143
BP 52
EP 57
DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.02.010
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CG2HX
UT WOS:000353096600008
PM 25728194
ER

PT J
AU Kim, YH
   Yiacoumi, S
   Tsouris, C
AF Kim, Yong-ha
   Yiacoumi, Sotira
   Tsouris, Costas
TI Surface charge accumulation of particles containing radionuclides in
   open air
SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE Radioactivity transport; Radioactive particles; Radioactivity-induced
   charge; Radioactive plume modeling; Nuclear plant accidents; Ionization
   of air
ID POWER-PLANT ACCIDENT; RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES; ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS; SIZE
   DISTRIBUTIONS; CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; LOWER ATMOSPHERE;
   AEROSOLS; TRANSPORT; DEPOSITION
AB Radioactivity can induce charge accumulation on radioactive particles. However, electrostatic interactions caused by radioactivity are typically neglected in transport modeling of radioactive plumes because it is assumed that ionizing radiation leads to charge neutralization. The assumption that electrostatic interactions caused by radioactivity are negligible is evaluated here by examining charge accumulation and neutralization on particles containing radionuclides in open air. A charge-balance model is employed to predict charge accumulation on radioactive particles. It is shown that particles containing short-lived radionuclides can be charged with multiple elementary charges through radioactive decay. The presence of radioactive particles can significantly modify the particle charge distribution in open air and yield an asymmetric bimodal charge distribution, suggesting that strong electrostatic particle interactions may occur during short- and long-range transport of radioactive particles. Possible effects of transported radioactive particles on electrical properties of the local atmosphere are reported. The study offers insight into transport characteristics of airborne radionuclides. Results are useful in atmospheric transport modeling of radioactive plumes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 [Kim, Yong-ha; Yiacoumi, Sotira; Tsouris, Costas] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   [Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Yiacoumi, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM sotira.yiacoumi@ce.gatech.edu
RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016
OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027
FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [DTRA1-08-10-BRCWMD-BAA]; UT-Battelle,
   LLC - U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC05-00OR22725]
FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under
   grant number DTRA1-08-10-BRCWMD-BAA. The manuscript has been co-authored
   by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DEAC05-00OR22725 with the U.S.
   Department of Energy.
NR 54
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U1 1
U2 15
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0265-931X
EI 1879-1700
J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV
JI J. Environ. Radioact.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 143
BP 91
EP 99
DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.02.017
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA CG2HX
UT WOS:000353096600014
PM 25752704
ER

PT J
AU Chamon, LC
   Gasques, LR
   Nobre, GPA
   Rossi, ES
   Deboer, RJ
   Seymour, C
   Wiescher, M
   Kiss, GG
AF Chamon, L. C.
   Gasques, L. R.
   Nobre, G. P. A.
   Rossi, E. S., Jr.
   deBoer, R. J.
   Seymour, C.
   Wiescher, M.
   Kiss, G. G.
TI Evidence of a slight nuclear transparency in the alpha-nucleus systems
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE nuclear reactions; elastic scattering; optical models
ID REACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; MEDIUM-WEIGHT NUCLEI; EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS;
   ELASTIC-SCATTERING; COULOMB BARRIER; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; MODEL
   POTENTIALS; LOW ENERGIES; ISOTOPES; PROBABILITY
AB In earlier works, we proposed a model for the nuclear potential of the alpha + alpha and alpha + C-12 systems. This theoretical model successfully described data related to the elastic and inelastic scattering processes as well as resonances that correspond to the capture reaction channel. In the present work, we extend the same model to obtain bare nuclear potentials for several alpha-nucleus systems. We adopt this interaction to analyze fusion, elastic, and inelastic scattering data within the context of the coupled-channel formalism. Our results indicate that, for these systems, the absorption of flux of the elastic channel at internal distances of interaction is not complete. In addition, we present new experimental angular distributions for the 2(+) inelastic target excitation of alpha on Te-120,Te-130.
C1 [Chamon, L. C.; Gasques, L. R.; Rossi, E. S., Jr.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Nucl, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
   [Nobre, G. P. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA.
   [Rossi, E. S., Jr.] Ctr Univ FIEO UNIFIEO, Osasco, SP, Brazil.
   [deBoer, R. J.; Seymour, C.; Wiescher, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
   [Kiss, G. G.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary.
RP Chamon, LC (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Nucl, Caixa Postal 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
EM lchamon@if.usp.br
RI Kiss, Gabor/A-1259-2015; Chamon, Luiz/N-4591-2014
FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Conselho
   Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Office of
   Nuclear Physics, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy
   [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC
FX This work was partially supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa
   do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) and the Conselho Nacional de
   Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq). The work at Brookhaven
   National Laboratory was sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Physics,
   Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No.
   DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC.
NR 70
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Z9 2
U1 1
U2 11
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0954-3899
EI 1361-6471
J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC
JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 42
IS 5
AR 055102
DI 10.1088/0954-3899/42/5/055102
PG 27
WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Physics
GA CG7CF
UT WOS:000353459100006
ER

PT J
AU Caballero, FG
   Garcia-Mateo, C
   Miller, MK
AF Caballero, F. G.
   Garcia-Mateo, C.
   Miller, M. K.
TI Modern steels at atomic and nanometre scales
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Phase transformations; Bainite; Steels; Atom probe tomography (APT)
ID LOW-CARBON STEEL; NANOCRYSTALLINE BAINITIC STEEL; DUAL-PHASE STEELS;
   MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOSTRUCTURED BAINITE; CARBIDE PRECIPITATION;
   ULTRAFINE; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEMPERATURE; FERRITE
AB Processing bulk nanocrystalline materials for structural applications still poses a significant challenge, particularly in achieving an industrially viable process. Recent work in ferritic steels has proved that it is possible to move from ultrafine to nanoscale by exploiting the bainite reaction without the use of severe deformation, rapid heat treatment or mechanical processing. This new generation of steels has been designed in which transformation at low temperature leads to a nanoscale structure consisting of extremely fine, 20-40 nm thick plates of bainitic ferrite and films of retained austenite. A description of the characteristics and significance of this remarkable microstructure is provided here.
C1 [Caballero, F. G.; Garcia-Mateo, C.] CSIC, CENIM, Natl Ctr Met Res, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
   [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Caballero, FG (reprint author), CSIC, CENIM, Natl Ctr Met Res, Avda Gregorio Amo 8, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
EM fgc@cenim.csic.es
RI CABALLERO, FRANCISCA/A-4292-2008; Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/A-7752-2008
OI Garcia-Mateo, Carlos/0000-0002-4773-5077
FU Research Fund for Coal and Steel [RFSR-CT-2012-00017]; ORNL's Center for
   Nanophase Materials Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division,
   Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy
FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Research Fund for
   Coal and Steel for funding this research under contract
   RFSR-CT-2012-00017. The APT research was performed through a user
   project supported by ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences,
   which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of
   Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The authors FGC and
   CGM would like to express their gratitude for the support given by
   Professor W. Swiatnicki and the NANOSTAL project.
NR 46
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 16
PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND
SN 0267-0836
EI 1743-2847
J9 MATER SCI TECH-LOND
JI Mater. Sci. Technol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 31
IS 7
BP 764
EP 772
DI 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000685
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA CG7HE
UT WOS:000353472700003
ER

PT J
AU Tinker, SC
   Broussard, CS
   Frey, MT
   Gilboa, SM
AF Tinker, Sarah C.
   Broussard, Cheryl S.
   Frey, Meghan T.
   Gilboa, Suzanne M.
TI Prevalence of Prescription Medication Use Among Non-pregnant Women of
   Childbearing Age and Pregnant Women in the United States: NHANES,
   1999-2006
SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE Medication; Pregnancy; Women; Prescription; NHANES
ID MATERNAL THYROID-DISEASE; OPIOID PAIN RELIEVERS; BIRTH-DEFECTS;
   DRUG-USE; HEALTH; POPULATION; OUTCOMES; TERATOGENICITY; PREVENTION;
   PATTERNS
AB Many prescription medications have limited information regarding safety for use during pregnancy. In order to inform research on safer medication use during pregnancy, we examined prescription medication use among women in the United States. We analyzed data from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use in the past 30 days among pregnant women and non-pregnant women of childbearing age (15-44 years) and to ascertain the most commonly reported prescription medications by women in these groups. We assessed how the most commonly reported medications differed among groups defined by selected demographic characteristics, including age, race/ethnicity, and markers of socioeconomic status. Prescription medication use in the past 30 days was reported by 22 % of pregnant women and 47 % of non-pregnant women of childbearing age. The most commonly reported prescription medications by NHANES participants differed somewhat by pregnancy status; allergy and anti-infective medications were more common among pregnant women, while oral contraceptives were more common among non-pregnant women. Use of prescription medication for asthma and thyroid disorders was reported by both groups. Although prescription medication use in the previous 30 days was less common among pregnant women than non-pregnant women, its use was reported among almost 1 in 4 pregnant women. Many of the most common medications reported were for the treatment of chronic medical conditions. Given the potential impact of medications on the developing fetus, our data underscore the importance of understanding the safety of these medications during pregnancy.
C1 [Tinker, Sarah C.; Broussard, Cheryl S.; Frey, Meghan T.; Gilboa, Suzanne M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Frey, Meghan T.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA.
RP Tinker, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM zzu9@cdc.gov
FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
FX This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Research
   Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
   administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
   through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy
   and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and
   conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not
   necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease
   Control and Prevention.
NR 52
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 9
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1092-7875
EI 1573-6628
J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J
JI Matern. Child Health J.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 19
IS 5
BP 1097
EP 1106
DI 10.1007/s10995-014-1611-z
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA CG0SM
UT WOS:000352978500018
PM 25287251
ER

PT J
AU Kaur, AP
   Nocek, BP
   Xu, XH
   Lowden, MJ
   Leyva, JF
   Stogios, PJ
   Cui, H
   Di Leo, R
   Powlowski, J
   Tsang, A
   Savchenko, A
AF Kaur, Amrit Pal
   Nocek, Boguslaw P.
   Xu, Xiaohui
   Lowden, Michael J.
   Leyva, Juan Francisco
   Stogios, Peter J.
   Cui, Hong
   Di Leo, Rosa
   Powlowski, Justin
   Tsang, Adrian
   Savchenko, Alexei
TI Functional and structural diversity in GH62 alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases
   from the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum
SO Microbial Biotechnology
LA English
DT Article
ID GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE FAMILY; GH43 BETA-XYLOSIDASE; MACROMOLECULAR
   STRUCTURES; ARABINOXYLAN-ARABINOFURANOHYDROLASE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS;
   WHEAT ARABINOXYLAN; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MUSHROOM
   COMPOST; DIVALENT METAL
AB The genome of the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum (strain CBS 625.91) harbours a wide range of genes involved in carbohydrate degradation, including three genes, abf62A, abf62B and abf62C, predicted to encode glycoside hydrolase family 62 (GH62) enzymes. Transcriptome analysis showed that only abf62A and abf62C are actively expressed during growth on diverse substrates including straws from barley, alfalfa, triticale and canola. The abf62A and abf62C genes were expressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting recombinant proteins were characterized. Calcium-free crystal structures of Abf62C in apo and xylotriose bound forms were determined to 1.23 and 1.48 angstrom resolution respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed Asp55, Asp171 and Glu230 as catalytic triad residues, and revealed the critical role of non-catalytic residues Asp194, Trp229 and Tyr338 in positioning the scissile -L-arabinofuranoside bond at the catalytic site. Further, the +2R substrate-binding site residues Tyr168 and Asn339, as well as the +2NR residue Tyr226, are involved in accommodating long-chain xylan polymers. Overall, our structural and functional analysis highlights characteristic differences between Abf62A and Abf62C, which represent divergent subgroups in the GH62 family.
C1 [Kaur, Amrit Pal; Xu, Xiaohui; Stogios, Peter J.; Cui, Hong; Di Leo, Rosa; Savchenko, Alexei] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
   [Nocek, Boguslaw P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
   [Lowden, Michael J.; Leyva, Juan Francisco; Powlowski, Justin; Tsang, Adrian] Concordia Univ, Ctr Struct & Funct Genom, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada.
   [Powlowski, Justin] Concordia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada.
   [Tsang, Adrian] Concordia Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada.
RP Savchenko, A (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
EM alexei.savchenko@utoronto.ca
OI Kaur, Amrit/0000-0002-6877-7591
FU Genome Canada; Genome Quebec; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of
   Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
FX This work was supported by Genome Canada and Genome Quebec. The
   structure was resolved using facilities at the Structural Biology Center
   at the Advanced Photon Source supported by the U.S. Department of
   Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract
   DE-AC02-06CH11357.
NR 51
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1751-7907
EI 1751-7915
J9 MICROB BIOTECHNOL
JI Microb. Biotechnol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 8
IS 3
BP 419
EP 433
DI 10.1111/1751-7915.12168
PG 15
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA CG4EP
UT WOS:000353236500006
PM 25267315
ER

PT J
AU Collins, L
   Okatan, MB
   Li, Q
   Kravenchenko, II
   Lavrik, NV
   Kalinin, SV
   Rodriguez, BJ
   Jesse, S
AF Collins, L.
   Okatan, M. B.
   Li, Q.
   Kravenchenko, I. I.
   Lavrik, N. V.
   Kalinin, S. V.
   Rodriguez, B. J.
   Jesse, S.
TI Quantitative 3D-KPFM imaging with simultaneous electrostatic force and
   force gradient detection
SO NANOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Kelvin probe force microscopy; surface potential; 3D imaging; scanning
   probe microscopy
ID KELVIN PROBE FORCE; CONTACT POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE; LABEL-FREE;
   MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; RESOLUTION; EXCITATION; INTERFACE; AMPLITUDE;
   ARTIFACT
AB Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a powerful characterization technique for imaging local electrochemical and electrostatic potential distributions and has been applied across a broad range of materials and devices. Proper interpretation of the local KPFM data can be complicated, however, by convolution of the true surface potential under the tip with additional contributions due to long range capacitive coupling between the probe (e.g. cantilever, cone, tip apex) and the sample under test. In this work, band excitation (BE)-KPFM is used to negate such effects. In contrast to traditional single frequency KPFM, multifrequency BE-KPFM is shown to afford dual sensitivity to both the electrostatic force and the force gradient detection, analogous to simultaneous amplitude modulated and frequency modulated KPFM imaging. BE-KPFM is demonstrated on a Pt/Au/SiOx test structure and electrostatic force gradient detection is found to lead to an improved lateral resolution compared to electrostatic force detection. Finally, a 3D-KPFM imaging technique is developed. Force volume (FV) BE-KPFM allows the tip-sample distance dependence of the electrostatic interactions (force and force gradient) to be recorded at each point across the sample surface. As such, FVBE-KPFM provides a much needed pathway towards complete tip-sample capacitive de-convolution in KPFM measurements and will enable quantitative surface potential measurements with nanoscale resolution.
C1 [Collins, L.; Rodriguez, B. J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland.
   [Collins, L.; Rodriguez, B. J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Conway Inst Biomol & Biomed Res, Dublin 4, Ireland.
   [Okatan, M. B.; Li, Q.; Kravenchenko, I. I.; Lavrik, N. V.; Kalinin, S. V.; Jesse, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.
RP Collins, L (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland.
EM liam.collins@ucdconnect.ie; sjesse@ornl.gov
RI Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011; Collins, Liam/A-3833-2016; Kalinin,
   Sergei/I-9096-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Okatan, M.
   Baris/E-1913-2016
OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634; Collins, Liam/0000-0003-4946-9195;
   Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483;
   Okatan, M. Baris/0000-0002-9421-7846
FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US
   Department of Energy [CNMS2012-036]; UCD Research
FX This publication has emanated from research conducted at the Center for
   Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National
   Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic
   Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (CNMS2012-036). LC gratefully
   acknowledges financial support from UCD Research.
NR 63
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 5
U2 55
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0957-4484
EI 1361-6528
J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY
JI Nanotechnology
PD MAY 1
PY 2015
VL 26
IS 17
AR 175707
DI 10.1088/0957-4484/26/17/175707
PG 11
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Physics, Applied
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics
GA CG2NA
UT WOS:000353110200017
PM 25851168
ER

PT J
AU Nenoff, TM
AF Nenoff, Tina M.
TI HYDROGEN PURIFICATION MOF membranes put to the test
SO Nature Chemistry
LA English
DT News Item
C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.
EM tmnenof@sandia.gov
NR 5
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 6
U2 84
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1755-4330
EI 1755-4349
J9 NAT CHEM
JI Nat. Chem.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 7
IS 5
BP 377
EP 378
DI 10.1038/nchem.2218
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA CG5QI
UT WOS:000353347900007
PM 25901812
ER

PT J
AU Rowland, CE
   Fedin, I
   Zhang, H
   Gray, SK
   Govorov, AO
   Talapin, DV
   Schaller, RD
AF Rowland, Clare E.
   Fedin, Igor
   Zhang, Hui
   Gray, Stephen K.
   Govorov, Alexander O.
   Talapin, Dmitri V.
   Schaller, Richard D.
TI Picosecond energy transfer and multiexciton transfer outpaces Auger
   recombination in binary CdSe nanoplatelet solids
SO NATURE MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID COLLOIDAL QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS;
   ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; STIMULATED-EMISSION; OPTICAL GAIN; DIMENSIONALITY;
   NANOSHEETS; SYSTEMS
AB Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) enables photosynthetic light harvesting(1), wavelength downconversion in light-emitting diodes(2) (LEDs), and optical biosensing schemes(3). The rate and efficiency of this donor to acceptor transfer of excitation between chromophores dictates the utility of FRET and can unlock new device operation motifs including quantum-funnel solar cells(4), non-contact chromophore pumping from a proximal LED5, and markedly reduced gain thresholds(6). However, the fastest reported FRET time constants involving spherical quantum dots (0.12-1 ns; refs 7-9) do not outpace biexciton Auger recombination (0.01-0.1 ns; ref. 10), which impedes multiexciton-driven applications including electrically pumped lasers(11) and carrier-multiplication-enhanced photovoltaics(12,13). Few-monolayerthick semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) with tens-of-nanometre lateral dimensions(14) exhibit intense optical transitions(14) and hundreds-of-picosecond Auger recombination(15,16), but heretofore lack FRET characterizations. We examine binary CdSe NPL solids and show that interplate FRET (similar to 6-23 ps, presumably for co-facial arrangements) can occur 15-50 times faster than Auger recombination(15,16) and demonstrate multiexcitonic FRET, making such materials ideal candidates for advanced technologies.
C1 [Rowland, Clare E.; Schaller, Richard D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
   [Fedin, Igor; Talapin, Dmitri V.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Fedin, Igor; Talapin, Dmitri V.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.
   [Zhang, Hui; Govorov, Alexander O.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA.
   [Gray, Stephen K.; Talapin, Dmitri V.; Schaller, Richard D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.
RP Schaller, RD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.
EM schaller@anl.gov
RI Zhang, Hui/L-2700-2013
OI Zhang, Hui/0000-0001-5032-6621
FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0824162];
   NSF MRSEC Program [DMR 14-20709]; II-VI Foundation; Keck Foundation; US
   Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0407]; Volkswagen Foundation (Germany)
FX This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials,
   a US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy
   Sciences User Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. C.E.R.
   acknowledges support by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research
   Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-0824162. D.V.T. acknowledges support by
   the NSF MRSEC Program under Award Number DMR 14-20709 and thanks the
   II-VI Foundation and Keck Foundation. H.Z. and A.O.G. acknowledge
   support by the US Army Research Office under grant number
   W911NF-12-1-0407 and the Volkswagen Foundation (Germany).
NR 31
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 16
U2 112
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1476-1122
EI 1476-4660
J9 NAT MATER
JI Nat. Mater.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 14
IS 5
BP 484
EP 489
DI 10.1038/NMAT4231
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics,
   Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics
GA CG5BQ
UT WOS:000353305700013
PM 25774956
ER

PT J
AU Wilson, JJ
   Ferrier, M
   Radchenko, V
   Maassen, JR
   Engle, JW
   Batista, ER
   Martin, RL
   Nortier, FM
   Fassbender, ME
   John, KD
   Birnbaum, ER
AF Wilson, Justin J.
   Ferrier, Maryline
   Radchenko, Valery
   Maassen, Joel R.
   Engle, Jonathan W.
   Batista, Enrique R.
   Martin, Richard L.
   Nortier, Francois M.
   Fassbender, Michael E.
   John, Kevin D.
   Birnbaum, Eva R.
TI Evaluation of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands for the chelation of
   therapeutic bismuth radioisotopes
SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Targeted alpha-therapy; Bismuth-213; Actinium-225; Radiolabeling;
   Radio-thin-layer chromatography; Macrocycles
ID TARGETED ALPHA-THERAPY; NATURAL THORIUM TARGETS; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY
   APPLICATIONS; BASIS-SETS; AC-225/BI-213 GENERATOR; PARTICLE
   IMMUNOTHERAPY; LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES; MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; DONOR MACROCYCLE;
   AQUEOUS-SOLUTION
AB Introduction: The use of a-emitting isotopes for radionuclide therapy is a promising treatment strategy for small micro-metastatic disease. The radioisotope Bi-213 is a nuclide that has found substantial use for targeted alpha-therapy (TAT). The relatively unexplored aqueous chemistry of Bi3+, however, hinders the development of bifunctional chelating agents that can successfully deliver these Bi radioisotopes to the tumor cells. Here, a novel series of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands is explored for their potential use as Bi-selective chelating agents.
   Methods: The ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L-py), tetrakis(3-pyridazylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L-pyd), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(4-pyrimidylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L-pyr), and 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-pyrazinylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L-pz), were prepared by a previously reported method and investigated here for their abilities to bind Bi radioisotopes. The commercially available and commonly used ligands 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and N-[(R)-2-amino-3-(p-isothiocyanato-phenyl)propyl]-trans-(S,S)- cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N',N '',N ''-pentaacetic acid (CHX-A ''-DTPA) were also explored for comparative purposes. Radio-thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to measure the binding kinetics and stabilities of the complexes formed. The long-lived isotope, Bi-207 (t(1/2) = 32 years), was used for these studies. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also employed to probe the ligand interactions with Bi3+ and the generator parent ion Ac3+.
   Results: In contrast to DOTA and CHX-A ''-DTPA, these nitrogen-rich macrocycles selectively chelate Bi3+ in the presence of the parent isotope Ac3+. Among the four tested, L-py was found to exhibit optimal Bi3+-binding kinetics and complex stability. L-py complexes Bi3+ more rapidly than DOTA, yet the resulting complexes are of similar stability. DFT calculations corroborate the experimentally observed selectivity of these ligands for Bi3+ over Ac3+.
   Conclusion: Taken together, these data implicate L-py as a valuable chelating agent for the delivery of Bi-213. Its selectivity for Bi3+ and rapid and stable labeling properties warrant further investigation and biological studies. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 [Wilson, Justin J.; Ferrier, Maryline; Radchenko, Valery; Maassen, Joel R.; Engle, Jonathan W.; Batista, Enrique R.; Martin, Richard L.; Nortier, Francois M.; Fassbender, Michael E.; John, Kevin D.; Birnbaum, Eva R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
RP Wilson, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.
EM jjwilson@lanl.gov; eva@lanl.gov
OI John, Kevin/0000-0002-6181-9330; Wilson, Justin/0000-0002-4086-7982;
   Nortier, Francois/0000-0002-7549-8101
FU LANL/LDRD program through a Seaborg Institute Postdoctoral and Graduate
   Student Summer Research Fellowship; US DOE through the LANL/LDRD
   program; United States Department of Energy, Office of Science via
   funding from the Isotope Development and Production for Research and
   Applications subprogram in the Office of Nuclear Physics; United States
   Department of Energy, Office of Science through Heavy Element Chemistry
   Program of BES
FX JJW and MF acknowledge funding support via the LANL/LDRD program through
   a Seaborg Institute Postdoctoral and Graduate Student Summer Research
   Fellowship, respectively. JWE thanks the US DOE for a postdoctoral
   fellowship through the LANL/LDRD program. The research described in this
   paper was funded by the United States Department of Energy, Office of
   Science via funding from the Isotope Development and Production for
   Research and Applications subprogram in the Office of Nuclear Physics,
   and through the Heavy Element Chemistry Program of BES (RL Martin and ER
   Batista). The content of this manuscript has been reviewed and approved
   as LA-UR-14-28015.
NR 87
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 7
U2 37
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0969-8051
EI 1872-9614
J9 NUCL MED BIOL
JI Nucl. Med. Biol.
PD MAY
PY 2015
VL 42
IS 5
BP 428
EP 438
DI 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.007
PG 11
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA CG5XK
UT WOS:000353369000003
PM 25684650
ER

EF