FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU He, YH Xiao, FL Zhou, QH Yang, C Liu, S Baker, DN Kletzing, CA Kurth, WS Hospodarsky, GB Spence, HE Reeves, GD Funsten, HO Blake, JB AF He, Yihua Xiao, Fuliang Zhou, Qinghua Yang, Chang Liu, Si Baker, D. N. Kletzing, C. A. Kurth, W. S. Hospodarsky, G. B. Spence, H. E. Reeves, G. D. Funsten, H. O. Blake, J. B. TI Van Allen Probes observation and modeling of chorus excitation and propagation during weak geomagnetic activities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chorus wave excitation; energetic electrons; wave-particle interaction; Van Allen probes results; geomagnetic storm ID RADIATION-BELT ELECTRONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; WAVES; STORM; PARTICLE; MAGNETOSPHERE; INSTABILITY; INJECTION; EVOLUTION AB We report correlated data on nightside chorus waves and energetic electrons during two small storm periods: 1 November 2012 (Dst approximate to-45) and 14 January 2013 (Dst approximate to-18). The Van Allen Probes simultaneously observed strong chorus waves at locations L=5.8-6.3, with a lower frequency band 0.1-0.5f(ce) and a peak spectral density approximate to 10(-4)nT(2)/Hz. In the same period, the fluxes and anisotropy of energetic (approximate to 10-300keV) electrons were greatly enhanced in the interval of large negative interplanetary magnetic field Bz. Using a bi-Maxwellian distribution to model the observed electron distribution, we perform ray tracing simulations to show that nightside chorus waves are indeed produced by the observed electron distribution with a peak growth for a field-aligned propagation approximately between 0.3f(ce) and 0.4f(ce), at latitude <7 degrees. Moreover, chorus waves launched with initial normal angles either <90 degrees or >90 degrees propagate along the field either northward or southward and then bounce back either away from Earth for a lower frequency or toward Earth for higher frequencies. The current results indicate that nightside chorus waves can be excited even during weak geomagnetic activities in cases of continuous injection associated with negative Bz. Moreover, we examine a dayside event during a small storm C on 8 May 2014 (Dst approximate to-45) and find that the observed anisotropic energetic electron distributions potentially contribute to the generation of dayside chorus waves, but this requires more thorough studies in the future. C1 [He, Yihua; Xiao, Fuliang; Zhou, Qinghua; Yang, Chang; Liu, Si] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys & Elect Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Baker, D. N.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Funsten, H. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Blake, J. B.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Xiao, FL (reprint author), Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Phys & Elect Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM flxiao@126.com RI Xiao, Fuliang/B-9245-2011; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Xiao, Fuliang/0000-0003-1487-6620; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41404130, 41274165, 41204114]; Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province; Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province; JHU/APL under NASA [921647, 967399, NAS5-01072] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 41404130, 41274165, and 41204114; the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province; and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province. All the Van Allen Probes data are publicly available at https://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index by the EMFISIS suite and at http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/data_pub/ by the REPT and MagEIS instruments. The OMNI data are obtained from http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html. This work was also supported from JHU/APL contracts 921647 and 967399 under NASA Prime contract NAS5-01072. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6371 EP 6385 DI 10.1002/2015JA021376 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300025 ER PT J AU Kim, EH Johnson, JR Kim, H Lee, DH AF Kim, Eun-Hwa Johnson, Jay R. Kim, Hyomin Lee, Dong-Hun TI Inferring magnetospheric heavy ion density using EMIC waves SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE EMIC waves; linear polarization ID FIELD LINE RESONANCES; STORM RECOVERY PHASE; PROTON RING CURRENT; CYCLOTRON WAVES; ULF WAVES; EQUATORIAL MAGNETOSPHERE; MERCURYS MAGNETOSPHERE; MULTICOMPONENT PLASMA; THERMAL PLASMA; COLD IONS AB We present a method to infer heavy ion concentration ratios from electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave observations that result from ion-ion hybrid (IIH) resonance. A key feature of the IIH resonance is the concentration of wave energy in a field-aligned resonant mode that exhibits linear polarization. These mode-converted waves at the IIH resonance are localized at the location where the frequency of a compressional wave driver matches the IIH resonance condition, which depends sensitively on the heavy ion concentration. This dependence makes it possible to estimate the heavy ion concentration ratio. In this paper, we evaluate the absorption coefficients at the IIH resonance at Earth's geosynchronous orbit for variable concentrations of He+ and wave frequencies using a dipole magnetic field model. We find that the resonance only occurs over a limited range of wave frequency such that the IIH resonance frequency is close to but not exactly the same as the crossover frequency. Using the wave absorption and EMIC waves observed from the GOES 12 satellite, we demonstrate how this technique can be used to estimate the He+ concentration of around 4% near L=6.6 assuming electron-H+-He+ plasma. C1 [Kim, Eun-Hwa; Johnson, Jay R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Heliophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kim, Eun-Hwa; Johnson, Jay R.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Kim, Hyomin] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Engn Res, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Lee, Dong-Hun] Kyung Hee Univ, Sch Space Res, Yongin, South Korea. [Lee, Dong-Hun] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin, South Korea. RP Kim, EH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Heliophys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ehkim@pppl.gov FU NASA [NNH09AK63I, NNH11AQ46I, NNH11AR071, NNX14AM27G, NNH14AY20I, NNX13XAE12G, NNX15AJ01G]; NSF [AGS1203299, AGS-1338221]; DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; BK21 Plus Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology FX The authors thank Mark Engebretson for his valuable comments. The work at Princeton University was supported by NASA grants (NNH09AK63I, NNH11AQ46I, NNH11AR071, NNX14AM27G, NNH14AY20I, NNX13XAE12G, and NNX15AJ01G), NSF grant AGS1203299, and DOE contract DE-AC02-09CH11466. The work at Virginia Tech was supported by NSF grant AGS-1338221. The work at the Kyung Hee University was also supported by the BK21 Plus Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The numerical data used in the figures may be obtained by contacting the corresponding author. The GOES magnetometer data were accessed using the data archive at NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (http://www.swpc.noaa.gov). NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6464 EP 6473 DI 10.1002/2015JA021092 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300031 ER PT J AU Yue, C Wang, CP Nishimura, Y Murphy, KR Xing, XY Lyons, L Henderson, M Angelopoulos, V Lui, ATY Nagai, T AF Yue, Chao Wang, Chih-Ping Nishimura, Yukitoshi Murphy, Kyle R. Xing, Xiaoyan Lyons, Larry Henderson, Michael Angelopoulos, Vassilis Lui, A. T. Y. Nagai, Tsugunobu TI Empirical modeling of 3-D force-balanced plasma and magnetic field structures during substorm growth phase SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE force-balanced magnetic field modeling; substorm growth phase modeling; field-aligned current; ballooning instability; substorm onset location ID BALLOONING INSTABILITY; MAGNETOMETER DATA; CURRENT SHEET; ONSET; PRESSURE; CURRENTS; MAGNETOSPHERE; SCATTERING; EXPANSION; TAIL AB Accurate evaluation of the physical processes during the substorm growth phase, including formation of field-aligned currents (FACs), isotropization by current sheet scattering, instabilities, and ionosphere-magnetosphere connection, relies on knowing the realistic three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic field configuration, which cannot be reliably provided by current available empirical models. We have established a 3-D substorm growth phase magnetic field model, which is uniquely constructed from empirical plasma sheet pressures under the constraint of force balance. We investigated the evolution of model pressure and magnetic field responding to increasing energy loading and their configurations under different solar wind dynamic pressure (P-SW) and sunspot number. Our model reproduces the typical growth phase evolution signatures: plasma pressure increases, magnetic field lines become more stretched, current sheet becomes thinner, and the Region 2 FACs are enhanced. The model magnetic fields agree quantitatively well with observed fields. The magnetic field is substantially more stretched under higher P-SW, while the dependence on sunspot number is nonlinear and less substantial. By applying our modeling to a substorm event, we found that (1) the equatorward movement of proton aurora during the growth phase is mainly due to continuous stretching of magnetic field lines, (2) the ballooning instability is more favorable during late growth phase around midnight tail where there is a localized plasma beta peak, and (3) the equatorial mapping of the breakup auroral arc is at X similar to-14 R-E near midnight, coinciding with the location of the maximum growth rate for the ballooning instability. C1 [Yue, Chao; Wang, Chih-Ping; Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Xing, Xiaoyan; Lyons, Larry] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Murphy, Kyle R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Henderson, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Angelopoulos, Vassilis] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Lui, A. T. Y.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Nagai, Tsugunobu] Tokyo Inst Technol, Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 152, Japan. RP Yue, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yuechao@atmos.ucla.edu RI Yue, Chao/C-2535-2015; OI Yue, Chao/0000-0001-9720-5210; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029 FU NASA [NNX11AJ12G, NNX08A135G]; NSF [ATM-1003595]; IGPPS Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The work by C. Yue, C.-P. Wang, and L.R. Lyons at UCLA has been supported by NASA grants NNX11AJ12G and NNX08A135G, NSF grant ATM-1003595, and IGPPS Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We also acknowledge James Weygand (University of California, Los Angeles, USA) for the very helpful discussion of the observed FACs. All THEMIS data are from THEMIS official website (http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/data_files.shtml). All Geotail data are from the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)/Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency through the Data Archives and Transmission System of ISAS (http://www.darts.isas.jaxa.jp/). NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6496 EP 6513 DI 10.1002/2015JA021226 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300033 ER PT J AU Dixon, P MacDonald, EA Funsten, HO Glocer, A Grande, M Kletzing, C Larsen, BA Reeves, G Skoug, RM Spence, H Thomsen, MF AF Dixon, P. MacDonald, E. A. Funsten, H. O. Glocer, A. Grande, M. Kletzing, C. Larsen, B. A. Reeves, G. Skoug, R. M. Spence, H. Thomsen, M. F. TI Multipoint observations of the open-closed field line boundary as observed by the Van Allen Probes and geostationary satellites during the 14 November 2012 geomagnetic storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Magnetosphere; Lobes; Open; closed field line boundary; Modelling ID POLAR-CAP BOUNDARY; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; MORNING SECTOR; PLASMA; DYNAMICS; MODEL; LOBE; MAGNETOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE AB The twin Van Allen Probes spacecraft witnessed a series of lobe encounters between 0200 and 0515 UT on 14 November 2012. Although lobe entry had been observed previously by other spacecraft, the two Van Allen Probe spacecraft allow us to observe the motion of the boundary for the first time. Moreover, this event is unique in that it consists of a series of six quasi-periodic lobe entries. The events occurred on the dawn flank between 4 and 6.6 local time and at altitudes between 5.6 and 6.2 RE. During the events Dst dropped to less than -100nT with the IMF being strongly southward (B-z=-15nT) and eastward (B-y=20 nT). Observations by LANL-GEO spacecraft at geosynchronous orbit also show lobe encounters on the dawn and dusk flanks. The two spacecraft configuration provides strong evidence that these periodic entries into the lobe are the result of local expansions of the OCB propagating from the tail and passing over the Van Allen Probes. Examination of pitch angle binned data from the HOPE instrument shows spatially large, accelerated ion structures occurring near simultaneously at both spacecraft, with the presence of oxygen indicating that they have an ionospheric source. The outflows are dispersed in energy and are detected when the spacecraft are on both open and closed field lines. These events provide a chance to examine the global magnetic field topology in detail, as well as smaller-scale spatial and temporal characteristics of the OCB, allowing us to constrain the position of the open/closed field line boundary and compare it to a global MHD model using a novel method. This technique shows that the model can reproduce a periodic approach and retreat of the OCB from the spacecraft but can overestimate its distance by as much as 3 R-E. The model appears to simulate the dynamic processes that cause the spacecraft to encounter the lobe but incorrectly maps the overall topology of the magnetosphere during these extreme conditions. C1 [Dixon, P.; Grande, M.] Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. [MacDonald, E. A.; Glocer, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Funsten, H. O.; Larsen, B. A.; Reeves, G.; Skoug, R. M.; Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kletzing, C.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Spence, H.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Dixon, P (reprint author), Aberystwyth Univ, Dept Phys, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. EM pjd9@aber.ac.uk RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Grande, Manuel/C-2242-2013; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Grande, Manuel/0000-0002-2233-2618; Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039 FU NASA; Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC), UK FX ACE and OMNI teams provided solar wind data through the Space Physics Data Facility of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The SYM-H indices are provided by Kyoto University World Data Center for Geomagnetism. The authors would like to acknowledge useful discussions with S. Zou, K.-J. Hwang, and J. Fennell. This work was supported by the NASA Van Allen Probes RBSP-ECT project. Work at Los Alamos was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. Part of the research in this paper was supported by NASA Van Allen Probes mission funding. The work of P. Dixon was supported by a studentship from the Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC), UK. HOPE data are available from the RBSP-ECT website (http://www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/science/DataDirectories.php) with the following data sets used in this work: Differential plasma fluxes-rbspb_re-l02_ect-hope-sci-L2_20121114_v4.0.0.cdf, rbspb_rel02_ect-hope-sci-L2_20121114_v4.0.0.cdf; pitch angle binned fluxes-rbspa_rel02_ect-hope-PA-L3_20121114_v5.0.0.cdf, rbspb_rel02_ect-hope-PA-L3_20121114_v5.0.0.cdf; spacecraft ephemeris data-rbspa_def_MagEphem_TS04D_20121113_v2.1.0.txt, rbspa_def_MagEphem_TS04D_20121113_v2.1.0.txt. EMFISIS data are available from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data/index with the rbsp-a_magnetometer_4sec-gsm_emfi-sis-L3_20121114_v1.3.2.cdf and rbspb_magnetometer_4sec-gsm_emfisis-L3_20121114_v1.3.2.cdf data sets used in this work. Data from the SOPA instrument on the LANL-GEO spacecraft are available on request from Geoff Reeves, LANL, US-reeves@lanl.gov. For CRCM + BATS-R-US data used in this work, contact Alex Glocer-alex.glocer-1@nasa.gov. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 120 IS 8 BP 6596 EP 6613 DI 10.1002/2014JA020883 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS5NP UT WOS:000362125300040 ER PT J AU Sellar, B Harding, S Richmond, M AF Sellar, Brian Harding, Samuel Richmond, Marshall TI High-resolution velocimetry in energetic tidal currents using a convergent-beam acoustic Doppler profiler SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic Doppler velocimetry; tidal currents; turbulence; renewable energy ID TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS; VELOCITY; CHANNEL; STRESS; SOUND; ADCP AB An array of single-beam acoustic Doppler profilers has been developed for the high resolution measurement of three-dimensional tidal flow velocities and subsequently tested in an energetic tidal site. This configuration has been developed to increase spatial resolution of velocity measurements in comparison to conventional acoustic Doppler profilers (ADPs) which characteristically use divergent acoustic beams emanating from a single instrument. This is achieved using geometrically convergent acoustic beams creating a sample volume at the focal point of 0.03 m(3). Away from the focal point, the array is also able to simultaneously reconstruct three-dimensional velocity components in a profile throughout the water column, and is referred to herein as a convergent-beam acoustic Doppler profiler (C-ADP). Mid-depth profiling is achieved through integration of the sensor platform with the operational commercial-scale Alstom 1 MW DeepGen-IV Tidal Turbine deployed at the European Marine Energy Center, Orkney Isles, UK. This proof-of-concept paper outlines the C-ADP system configuration and comparison to measurements provided by co-installed reference instrumentation. Comparison of C-ADP to standard divergent ADP (D-ADP) velocity measurements reveals a mean difference of 8 mm s(-1), standard deviation of 18 mm s(-1), and an order of magnitude reduction in realisable length scale. C-ADP focal point measurements compared to a proximal single-beam reference show peak cross-correlation coefficient of 0.96 over 4.0 s averaging period and a 47% reduction in Doppler noise. The dual functionality of the C-ADP as a profiling instrument with a high resolution focal point make this configuration a unique and valuable advancement in underwater velocimetry enabling improved quantification of flow turbulence. Since waves are simultaneously measured via profiled velocities, pressure measurements and surface detection, it is expected that derivatives of this system will be a powerful tool in wave-current interaction studies. C1 [Sellar, Brian] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Old Coll, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Harding, Samuel; Richmond, Marshall] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Sellar, B (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Old Coll, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. EM brian.sellar@ed.ac.uk; samuel.harding@pnnl.gov; marshall.richmond@pnnl.gov RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485 FU Energy Technologies Institute (ETI), UK; U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Program [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The ReDAPT project was commissioned and funded by the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI), UK. The data analysis was performed in collaboration with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), with funding provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Program (Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830). The authors wish to thank Duncan Sutherland, University of Edinburgh, for his assistance in the laboratory and the field. The authors are grateful for the assistance of the Alstom Ocean Energy team throughout the wider 2012-2014 field campaigns and lastly wish to thank the University of Edinburgh's mechanical engineering workshop staff who provided significant levels of timely support. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 26 IS 8 AR 085801 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/26/8/085801 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CS6VL UT WOS:000362220900057 ER PT J AU Gaillard, MK AF Gaillard, Mary K. TI Supersymmetry, superstrings and phenomenology SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Editorial Material DE supersymmetry; superstrings; string theory ID EFFECTIVE FIELD-THEORIES; SIGMA-MODEL ANOMALIES; YANG-MILLS THEORIES; STRING THEORY; SUPERGAUGE TRANSFORMATIONS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; LOOP CORRECTIONS; GAUGE COUPLINGS; UNIFICATION; SUPERGRAVITY AB Topics in supersymmetry and superstring phenomenology are discussed, with emphasis on the weakly coupled heterotic string. C1 [Gaillard, Mary K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gaillard, Mary K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gaillard, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 50A-5101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkgaillard@lbl.gov NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 EI 1402-4896 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 90 IS 8 AR 088015 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/90/8/088015 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CS3SK UT WOS:000361994900060 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YT Rykaczewski, KP AF Oganessian, Yuri Ts. Rykaczewski, Krzysztof P. TI A beachhead on the island of stability SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MASSES; SUPERHEAVY; ELEMENTS; SHELLS C1 [Oganessian, Yuri Ts.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. [Rykaczewski, Krzysztof P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Oganessian, YT (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 EI 1945-0699 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 2015 VL 68 IS 8 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1063/PT.3.2880 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CS7SZ UT WOS:000362287300016 ER PT J AU Welna, M Kudrawiec, R Nabetani, Y Tanaka, T Jaquez, M Dubon, OD Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Welna, M. Kudrawiec, R. Nabetani, Y. Tanaka, T. Jaquez, M. Dubon, O. D. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. TI Effects of a semiconductor matrix on the band anticrossing in dilute group II-VI oxides SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE II-VI semiconductors; band gap; highly mismatched alloy; intermediate band gap ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITION DEPENDENCE; THIN-FILMS; ALLOYS; GAASN; ELECTRONS; ENERGY; ATOMS; GAP AB The effect of a semiconductor matrix on the band anticrossing interaction is studied for four different dilute-oxide material systems: ZnSO, ZnSeO, ZnTeO, and ZnCdTeO. The choice of host material allows for independent control of the energy separation between the conduction band edge and the O energy level as well as the coupling parameter. The transition energies measured by photoreflectance and optical absorption are well explained by the band anticrossing model with the coupling parameter increasing from 1.35 eV for ZnSO to 2.8 eV for ZnTeO and showing approximately linear dependence on the electronegativity difference between O and the host anion. C1 [Welna, M.; Kudrawiec, R.] Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Expt Phys, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. [Welna, M.; Jaquez, M.; Dubon, O. D.; Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nabetani, Y.] Univ Yamanashi, Dept Elect Engn, Kofu, Yamanashi 4008511, Japan. [Tanaka, T.] Saga Univ, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Saga 8408502, Japan. [Tanaka, T.] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Jaquez, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dubon, O. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, K. M.] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Welna, M (reprint author), Wroclaw Univ Technol, Dept Expt Phys, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, PL-50370 Wroclaw, Poland. EM monika.welna@pwr.edu.pl; robert.kudrawiec@pwr.edu.pl OI Tanaka, Tooru/0000-0001-5747-1717; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 FU National Science Centre ETIUDA [2013/08/T/ST3/00400]; National Science Centre HARMONIA [2013/10/M/ST3/00638]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed within the grant of the National Science Centre ETIUDA no. 2013/08/T/ST3/00400 and HARMONIA 2013/10/M/ST3/00638. The work performed at LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 EI 1361-6641 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 8 AR 085018 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/30/8/085018 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA CS7OI UT WOS:000362272600020 ER PT J AU Fowler, JW Alpert, BK Doriese, WB Fischer, DA Jaye, C Joe, YI O'Neil, GC Swetz, DS Ullom, JN AF Fowler, J. W. Alpert, B. K. Doriese, W. B. Fischer, D. A. Jaye, C. Joe, Y. I. O'Neil, G. C. Swetz, D. S. Ullom, J. N. TI MICROCALORIMETER SPECTROSCOPY AT HIGH PULSE RATES: A MULTI-PULSE FITTING TECHNIQUE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE instrumentation: detectors; methods: data analysis ID RAY; SYSTEM; SUM AB Transition Edge Sensor microcalorimeters can measure X-ray and gamma-ray energies with very high energy resolution and high photon-collection efficiency. For this technology to reach its full potential in future X-ray observatories, each sensor must be able to measure hundreds or even thousands of photon energies per second. Current "optimal filtering" approaches to achieve the best possible energy resolution work only for photons that are well isolated in time, a requirement which is in direct conflict with the need for high-rate measurements. We describe a new analysis procedure to allow fitting for the pulse height of all photons even in the presence of heavy pulse pile-up. In the limit of isolated pulses, the technique reduces to standard optimal filtering with long records. We employ reasonable approximations to the noise covariance function in order to render this procedure computationally viable even for very long data records. The technique is employed to analyze X-ray emission spectra at 600 eV and 6 keV at rates up to 250 counts s(-1) in microcalorimeters having exponential signal decay times of approximately 1.2 ms. C1 [Fowler, J. W.; Alpert, B. K.; Doriese, W. B.; Joe, Y. I.; O'Neil, G. C.; Swetz, D. S.; Ullom, J. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fischer, D. A.; Jaye, C.] NIST, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY USA. RP Fowler, JW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS 686-02, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; NASA through the grant "Demonstrating Enabling Technologies for the High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer of the Next NASA X-ray Astronomy Mission"; NASA [NNH11ZDA001N-SAT]; ARRA Senior Research Fellowship from NIST FX We are grateful to our NIST electronics and microfabrication colleagues for preparation of outstanding microcalorimeter detectors, SQUID multiplexing electronics, and warm analog and digital readout systems. Colin Fitzgerald helped with the shipment of the spectrometer to the NSLS and its construction there. Jens Uhlig assisted with operations at the NSLS. We had helpful conversations on pulse-analysis topics with Doug Bennett and Kent Irwin at NIST and Simon Bandler, Harvey Moseley, Dale Fixsen, and Sarah Busch of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. We thank the technical and computing staff of the National Synchrotron Light Source and of Brookhaven National Laboratory for their contributions. This work was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program, by NASA through the grant "Demonstrating Enabling Technologies for the High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer of the Next NASA X-ray Astronomy Mission," NASA NNH11ZDA001N-SAT, and by an ARRA Senior Research Fellowship from NIST (JF). NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 219 IS 2 AR 35 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/35 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS2CY UT WOS:000361876600021 ER PT J AU Heitmann, K Frontiere, N Sewell, C Habib, S Pope, A Finkel, H Rizzi, S Insley, J Bhattacharya, S AF Heitmann, Katrin Frontiere, Nicholas Sewell, Chris Habib, Salman Pope, Adrian Finkel, Hal Rizzi, Silvio Insley, Joe Bhattacharya, Suman TI THE Q CONTINUUM SIMULATION: HARNESSING THE POWER OF GPU ACCELERATED SUPERCOMPUTERS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE large-scale structure of universe; methods: numerical ID DARK-MATTER HALOES; LARGE-SCALE BIAS; MASS FUNCTION; GALAXY FORMATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; LAMBDA-CDM; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; PRECISION DETERMINATION; OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; DENSITY PROFILE AB Modeling large-scale sky survey observations is a key driver for the continuing development of high-resolution, large-volume, cosmological simulations. We report the first results from the "Q Continuum" cosmological N-body simulation run carried out on the GPU-accelerated supercomputer Titan. The simulation encompasses a volume of (1300 Mpc)(3) and evolves more than half a trillion particles, leading to a particle mass resolution of m(p) similar or equal to 1.5 . 10(8) M-circle dot. At thismass resolution, the Q Continuum run is currently the largest cosmology simulation available. It enables the construction of detailed synthetic sky catalogs, encompassing different modeling methodologies, including semi-analytic modeling and sub-halo abundance matching in a large, cosmological volume. Here we describe the simulation and outputs in detail and present first results for a range of cosmological statistics, such as mass power spectra, halo mass functions, and halo mass-concentration relations for different epochs. We also provide details on challenges connected to running a simulation on almost 90% of Titan, one of the fastest supercomputers in the world, including our usage of Titan's GPU accelerators. C1 [Heitmann, Katrin; Frontiere, Nicholas; Habib, Salman; Pope, Adrian; Bhattacharya, Suman] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Heitmann, Katrin; Habib, Salman] Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Frontiere, Nicholas] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sewell, Chris] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, CCS 7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pope, Adrian; Finkel, Hal; Rizzi, Silvio; Insley, Joe] Argonne Natl Lab, ALCF Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Heitmann, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; Advanced Scientific Computing Research and High Energy Physics; DOE CSGF Fellowship program; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported under the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Partial support for HACC development was provided by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, jointly by Advanced Scientific Computing Research and High Energy Physics. N. Frontiere acknowledges support from the DOE CSGF Fellowship program. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The work presented here results from an award of computer time provided by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program at the OLCF. We thank Mike Gladders, Michael Florian, Nan Li, and Steve Rangel for the strong lensing image shown in the paper. We are indebted to Jack Wells and the OLCF team for their outstanding support in enabling the simulation. NR 94 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 219 IS 2 AR 34 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/34 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS2CY UT WOS:000361876600020 ER PT J AU Khan, R Stanek, KZ Kochanek, CS Sonneborn, G AF Khan, Rubab Stanek, K. Z. Kochanek, C. S. Sonneborn, G. TI SPITZER POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS OF similar to 300,000 STARS IN SEVEN NEARBY GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE catalogs; infrared: stars; surveys; techniques: photometric ID SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; ETA CAR ANALOGS; SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; ARAUCARIA-PROJECT; CEPHEID VARIABLES; DISTANCE; M33; PROGENITORS AB We present Spitzer IRAC 3.6-8 mu m and Multiband Imaging Photometer 24 mu m point-source catalogs for seven galaxies: NGC 6822, M33, NGC 300, NGC 2403, M81, NGC 0247, and NGC 7793. The catalogs contain a total of similar to 300,000 sources and were created by dual-band selection of sources with > 3 sigma detections at both 3.6 and 4.5 mu m. The source lists become significantly incomplete near m(3.6) = m(4.5) similar or equal to 18. We complement the 3.6 and 4.5 mu m fluxes with 5.8, 8.0, and 24 mu m fluxes or 3 sigma upper limits using a combination of PSF and aperture photometry. This catalog is a resource as an archive for studying mid-infrared transients and for planning observations with the James Webb Space Telescope. C1 [Khan, Rubab] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Khan, Rubab; Sonneborn, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Stanek, K. Z.; Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & AstroParticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Khan, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA Postdoctoral Program, POB 117,MS 36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rubab.m.khan@nasa.gov; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; ckochanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; george.sonneborn-1@nasa.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); JWST Fellowship FX We thank the referee for providing helpful feedback. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We extend our gratitude to the SINGS Legacy Survey and the LVL Survey for making their data publicly available. R.K. is supported through a JWST Fellowship hosted by the Goddard Space Flight Center and awarded as part of the NASA Postdoctoral Program operated by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities on behalf of NASA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 219 IS 2 AR 42 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/42 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CS2CY UT WOS:000361876600028 ER PT J AU Barth, MC Cantrell, CA Brune, WH Rutledge, SA Crawford, JH Huntrieser, H Carey, LD MacGorman, D Weisman, M Pickering, KE Bruning, E Anderson, B Apel, E Biggerstaff, M Campos, T Campuzano-Jost, P Cohen, R Crounse, J Day, DA Diskin, G Flocke, F Fried, A Garland, C Heikes, B Honomichl, S Hornbrook, R Huey, LG Jimenez, JL Lang, T Lichtenstern, M Mikoviny, T Nault, B O'Sullivan, D Pan, LL Peischl, J Pollack, I Richter, D Riemer, D Ryerson, T Schlager, H St Clair, J Walega, J Weibring, P Weinheimer, A Wennberg, P Wisthaler, A Wooldridge, PJ Ziegler, C AF Barth, Mary C. Cantrell, Christopher A. Brune, William H. Rutledge, Steven A. Crawford, James H. Huntrieser, Heidi Carey, Lawrence D. MacGorman, Donald Weisman, Morris Pickering, Kenneth E. Bruning, Eric Anderson, Bruce Apel, Eric Biggerstaff, Michael Campos, Teresa Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Cohen, Ronald Crounse, John Day, Douglas A. Diskin, Glenn Flocke, Frank Fried, Alan Garland, Charity Heikes, Brian Honomichl, Shawn Hornbrook, Rebecca Huey, L. Gregory Jimenez, Jose L. Lang, Timothy Lichtenstern, Michael Mikoviny, Tomas Nault, Benjamin O'Sullivan, Daniel Pan, Laura L. Peischl, Jeff Pollack, Ilana Richter, Dirk Riemer, Daniel Ryerson, Thomas Schlager, Hans St Clair, Jason Walega, James Weibring, Petter Weinheimer, Andrew Wennberg, Paul Wisthaler, Armin Wooldridge, Paul J. Ziegler, Conrad TI THE DEEP CONVECTIVE CLOUDS AND CHEMISTRY (DC3) FIELD CAMPAIGN SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION; POLARITY ELECTRICAL STRUCTURES; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; LIGHTNING ACTIVITY; NOX PRODUCTION; TROPOPAUSE REGION; SCALE MODEL; NEW-MEXICO; JULY 10 AB The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment produced an exceptional dataset on thunderstorms, including their dynamical, physical, and electrical structures and their impact on the chemical composition of the troposphere. The field experiment gathered detailed information on the chemical composition of the inflow and outflow regions of midlatitude thunderstorms in northeast Colorado, west Texas to central Oklahoma, and northern Alabama. A unique aspect of the DC3 strategy was to locate and sample the convective outflow a day after active convection in order to measure the chemical transformations within the upper-tropospheric convective plume. These data are being analyzed to investigate transport and dynamics of the storms, scavenging of soluble trace gases and aerosols, production of nitrogen oxides by lightning, relationships between lightning flash rates and storm parameters, chemistry in the upper troposphere that is affected by the convection, and related source characterization of the three sampling regions. DC3 also documented biomass-burning plumes and the interactions of these plumes with deep convection. C1 [Barth, Mary C.; Weisman, Morris; Apel, Eric; Campos, Teresa; Flocke, Frank; Honomichl, Shawn; Hornbrook, Rebecca; Pan, Laura L.; Weinheimer, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cantrell, Christopher A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Day, Douglas A.; Fried, Alan; Jimenez, Jose L.; Richter, Dirk; Walega, James; Weibring, Petter] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brune, William H.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rutledge, Steven A.; Lang, Timothy] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Crawford, James H.; Anderson, Bruce; Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Lichtenstern, Michael; Schlager, Hans] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Carey, Lawrence D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [MacGorman, Donald; Ziegler, Conrad] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Pickering, Kenneth E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bruning, Eric] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Biggerstaff, Michael] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cohen, Ronald; Garland, Charity; Nault, Benjamin; Wooldridge, Paul J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crounse, John; St Clair, Jason; Wennberg, Paul] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Heikes, Brian] Univ Rhode Isl, Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI USA. [Huey, L. Gregory] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mikoviny, Tomas] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [O'Sullivan, Daniel] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Peischl, Jeff; Pollack, Ilana; Ryerson, Thomas] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Riemer, Daniel] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Wisthaler, Armin] Instr Ionenphys & Angew Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Barth, MC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM barthm@ucar.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; O'Sullivan, Daniel/0000-0001-9104-5703; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX DC3 was a complex field campaign coordinating aircraft facilities and ground-based facilities at three different locations. There are many people to thank, each responsible for making the campaign successful. Specifically, we thank the DC-8 HDSP2 team-Rushan Gao, Joshua Schwarz, Anne Perring, John Holloway, and Milos Markowic-for the black carbon data used for the PM1 calculation. The National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are gratefully acknowledged for sponsoring the DC3 field experiment. The field project support provided by NCAR/EOL staff, especially Vidal Salazar and Jim Moore, is greatly appreciated. Data from the field campaign can be found at the NCAR/EOL field projects catalog (www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/dc3/). NR 72 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 7 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 8 BP 1281 EP 1309 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00290.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5FJ UT WOS:000361365700001 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Xu, YX Helseth, DL Gulukota, K Yang, SJ Pesce, LL Mitra, R Muller, P Sengupta, S Guo, WT Silverstein, JC Foster, I Parsad, N White, KP Ji, Y AF Zhu, Yitan Xu, Yanxun Helseth, Donald L., Jr. Gulukota, Kamalakar Yang, Shengjie Pesce, Lorenzo L. Mitra, Riten Mueller, Peter Sengupta, Subhajit Guo, Wentian Silverstein, Jonathan C. Foster, Ian Parsad, Nigel White, Kevin P. Ji, Yuan TI Zodiac: A Comprehensive Depiction of Genetic Interactions in Cancer by Integrating TCGA Data SO JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID 12 TUMOR TYPES; HISTONE MODIFICATIONS; PROSTATE-CANCER; GENOME ATLAS; NETWORK; EZH2; METHYLATION; PROLIFERATION; DISCOVERY; PATHWAYS AB Background: Genetic interactions play a critical role in cancer development. Existing knowledge about cancer genetic interactions is incomplete, especially lacking evidences derived from large-scale cancer genomics data. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) produces multimodal measurements across genomics and features of thousands of tumors, which provide an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the interplays of genes in cancer. Methods: We introduce Zodiac, a computational tool and resource to integrate existing knowledge about cancer genetic interactions with new information contained in TCGA data. It is an evolution of existing knowledge by treating it as a prior graph, integrating it with a likelihood model derived by Bayesian graphical model based on TCGA data, and producing a posterior graph as updated and data-enhanced knowledge. In short, Zodiac realizes "Prior interaction map + TCGA data -> Posterior interaction map." Results: Zodiac provides molecular interactions for about 200 million pairs of genes. All the results are generated from a big-data analysis and organized into a comprehensive database allowing customized search. In addition, Zodiac provides data processing and analysis tools that allow users to customize the prior networks and update the genetic pathways of their interest. Zodiac is publicly available at www.compgenome.org/ZODIAC. Conclusions: Zodiac recapitulates and extends existing knowledge of molecular interactions in cancer. It can be used to explore novel gene-gene interactions, transcriptional regulation, and other types of molecular interplays in cancer. C1 [Zhu, Yitan; Yang, Shengjie; Sengupta, Subhajit; Ji, Yuan] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Program Computat Genom & Med, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Helseth, Donald L., Jr.; Gulukota, Kamalakar] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Ctr Mol Med, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Silverstein, Jonathan C.; Parsad, Nigel] NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Ctr Biomed Res Informat, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Xu, Yanxun; Mueller, Peter] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Math, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Pesce, Lorenzo L.; Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [White, Kevin P.] Univ Chicago, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [White, Kevin P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Mitra, Riten] Univ Louisville, Dept Bioinformat & Biostat, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Guo, Wentian] Fudan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [White, Kevin P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Human Genet, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [White, Kevin P.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ji, Yuan] Univ Chicago, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ji, Y (reprint author), NorthShore Univ HealthSyst, Program Computat Genom & Med, 1001 Univ Pl, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. EM koaeraser@gmail.com FU US National Institutes of Health [R01 CA132897]; US National Institutes of Health; Biological Sciences Division of the University of Chicago; Argonne National Laboratory [S10 RR029030-01] FX YJ's and PM's research was partially supported by the US National Institutes of Health through grant R01 CA132897. This work was also supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health through resources provided by the Computation Institute and the Biological Sciences Division of the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, under grant S10 RR029030-01. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0027-8874 EI 1460-2105 J9 JNCI-J NATL CANCER I JI JNCI-J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 107 IS 8 AR djv129 DI 10.1093/jnci/djv129 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA CS1OP UT WOS:000361836400002 ER PT J AU Hadzievski, L Maluckov, A Rubenchik, AM Turitsyn, S AF Hadzievski, Ljupco Maluckov, Aleksandra Rubenchik, Alexander M. Turitsyn, Sergei TI Stable optical vortices in nonlinear multicore fibers SO LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coherent energy propagation; multicore fibers; nonlinear vortices ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; VORTEX SOLITONS; CIRCULAR ARRAY; WAVE-GUIDES; LIGHT; LASER; MODES; BEAM; DISLOCATIONS; PROPAGATION AB The multicore fiber (MCF) is a physical system of high practical importance. In addition to standard exploitation, MCFs may support discrete vortices that carry orbital angular momentum suitable for spatial-division multiplexing in high-capacity fiber-optic communication systems. These discrete vortices may also be attractive for high-power laser applications. We present the conditions of existence, stability, and coherent propagation of such optical vortices for two practical MCF designs. Through optimization, we found stable discrete vortices that were capable of transferring high coherent power through the MCF. C1 [Hadzievski, Ljupco; Maluckov, Aleksandra] Univ Belgrade, Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Rubenchik, Alexander M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Turitsyn, Sergei] Aston Univ, Aston Inst Photon Technol, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. [Turitsyn, Sergei] Novosibirsk State Univ, Lab Nonlinear Photon, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Turitsyn, S (reprint author), Aston Univ, Aston Inst Photon Technol, Birmingham B4 7ET, W Midlands, England. EM s.k.turitsyn@aston.ac.uk FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (project UNLOC); Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [14.B25.31.0003]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Development, Serbia [III45010]; U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-08NA28752] FX We acknowledge the financial support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (project UNLOC), a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 14.B25.31.0003) and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Development, Serbia (Project III45010). The work was partly performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-08NA28752. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 27 PU CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, CHANGCHUN INST OPTICS FINE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS PI CHANGCHUN PA 3888, DONGNANHU ROAD, CHANGCHUN, 130033, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2047-7538 J9 LIGHT-SCI APPL JI Light-Sci. Appl. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 4 AR e314 DI 10.1038/lsa.2015.87 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CS1EL UT WOS:000361805300001 ER PT J AU Barkakaty, B Talukdar, B Lokitz, BS AF Barkakaty, Balaka Talukdar, Bandana Lokitz, Bradley S. TI Addition of CFCl3 to Aromatic Aldehydes via in Situ Grignard Reaction SO MOLECULES LA English DT Article DE CFCl3; magnesium; Grignard reaction; in-situ process; aromatic aldehydes ID ULTRASONIC IRRADIATION; REDUCTIVE ADDITION; REAGENTS; KETONES; TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE; GENERATION AB Synthetic modification of trichlorofluoromethane (CFCl3) to non-volatile and useful fluorinated precursors is a cost-effective and an environmentally benign strategy for the safe consumption/destruction of the ozone depleting potential of the reagent. In this report, we present a novel method for in situ Grignard reaction using magnesium powder and CFCl3 for synthesis of dichlorofluoromethyl aromatic alcohols. C1 [Barkakaty, Balaka; Lokitz, Bradley S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barkakaty, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, One Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM barkakatyb@ornl.gov; drbandana.t@gmail.com; lokitzbs@ornl.gov RI Lokitz, Bradley/Q-2430-2015 OI Lokitz, Bradley/0000-0002-1229-6078 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan FX A portion of this work was performed at the Department of Materials and Energy Science at Okayama University in Japan, and we acknowledge Sadao Tusboi and his research group at the University of Okayam for their help and support. Financial support for the work done at Okayama University was provided by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan. Work was also conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD AUG PY 2015 VL 20 IS 8 BP 15098 EP 15107 DI 10.3390/molecules200815098 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA CR5IU UT WOS:000361375400097 PM 26295221 ER PT J AU Wang, CC Zhang, YQ Xu, YC Yang, QC AF Wang, Chengchao Zhang, Yaoqi Xu, Yecheng Yang, Qichun TI Is the "Ecological and Economic Approach for the Restoration of Collapsed Gullies" in Southern China Really Economic? SO SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE economic feasibility; cost-benefit analysis; collapsed gully erosion; environmental conservation ID FUJIAN PROVINCE; LONG-TERM; EROSION; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; ETHIOPIA; TRAP AB Collapsed gully erosion constantly plagues the sustainability of rural areas in China. To control collapsed gully erosion, an ecological and economic approach, which uses tree plantation to gain economic benefits and control soil erosion, has been widely applied by local governments in Southern China. However, little is known about the economic feasibility of this new method. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and economic benefits of the new method. Based on a case study in Changting County, Southeast China, two farms were selected to represent a timber tree plantation and a fruit tree plantation, respectively. The Annual Capital Capitalization Method and Return on Investment (ROI) were selected to conduct cost-benefit analysis. In contrast to previous studies, we found that the new approach was far from economic. The value of the newly-built forestland in Sanzhou Village and Tufang Village is 2738 RMB ha(-1) and 5477 RMB ha(-1), respectively, which are extremely lower than the costs of ecological restoration. Meanwhile, the annual ROI is -3.60% and -8.90%, respectively, which is negative and also far poorer than the average value of forestry in China. The costs of conservation were substantially over the related economic benefits, and the investors would suffer from greater loss if they invested more in the conservation. Low-cost terraces with timber trees had less economic loss compared with the costly terraces with fruit tree plantation. Moreover, the cost efficiency of the new approaches in soil conservation was also greatly poorer than the conventional method. The costs of conserving one ton soil per year for conventional method, new method for planting timber trees, and planting fruit trees were 164 RMB, 696 RMB, and 11,664 RMB, respectively. Therefore, the new collapsed gully erosion control methods are uneconomic and unsuitable to be widely carried out in China in the near future. C1 [Wang, Chengchao] Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Key Lab Humid Subtrop Ecogeog Proc, Minist Educ, Fuzhou 350007, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yaoqi; Xu, Yecheng] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Yang, Qichun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, CC (reprint author), Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Geog Sci, Key Lab Humid Subtrop Ecogeog Proc, Minist Educ, Fuzhou 350007, Peoples R China. EM wchc79@163.com; zhangy3@auburn.edu; yzx0013@auburn.edu; qichun.yang@pnnl.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41371527]; Fujian Provincial Social Science Planning Foundation [2012C015]; Fujian Provincial Science and Technology [2013R05] FX The study was jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41371527), the Fujian Provincial Social Science Planning Foundation (Grant No. 2012C015), and Project from Fujian Provincial Science and Technology (Grant No. 2013R05). We thank local governments of Changting County for providing valuable data and help in our fieldwork. The comments from two anonymous reviewers are also greatly appreciated. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2071-1050 J9 SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL JI Sustainability PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10308 EP 10323 DI 10.3390/su70810308 PG 16 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR8KN UT WOS:000361600500002 ER PT J AU Ferraro, R Waliser, DE Gleckler, P Taylor, KE Eyring, V AF Ferraro, Robert Waliser, Duane E. Gleckler, Peter Taylor, Karl E. Eyring, Veronika TI Evolving Obs4MIPs to Support Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Ferraro, Robert; Waliser, Duane E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gleckler, Peter; Taylor, Karl E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Eyring, Veronika] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Ferraro, R (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 301-330,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.d.ferraro@jpl.nasa.gov RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project FX This meeting would not have occurred without the assistance and support of Tsengdar Lee at NASA, and Renu Joseph at DOE. Thanks are also due to Michel Rixen at WCRP for providing additional meeting support. Ferraro's and Waliser's contributions to this activity were performed on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Work by Gleckler and Taylor was performed on behalf of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as a contribution to the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program, under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Eyring's work was supported by the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 96 IS 8 BP ES131 EP ES133 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00216.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR5GB UT WOS:000361367600003 ER PT J AU Zheng, LG Samper, J AF Zheng, Liange Samper, Javier TI Dual-continuum multicomponent reactive transport with nth-order solute transfer terms for structured porous media SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Dual-continuum model; Multicomponent reactive transport; FEBEX bentonite; Inverse model ID POROSITY MODEL; MACROPOROUS SOIL; MASS-TRANSFER; FLOW; WATER; BENTONITE; NONEQUILIBRIUM; BREAKTHROUGH; FORMULATION; DIFFUSION AB The dual-continuum model (DCM) is a type of modeling approach often used to interpret anomalous and non-ergodic solute transport in which the breakthrough curve cannot be explained by the classical advection-dispersion equation. Experimental studies show that bentonites have a macro-porous domain containing free water and a micro-porous domain containing double-layer and interlayer water. Therefore, a DCM could be needed to describe water flow, solute transport, and chemical reactions through compacted bentonite. In most DCMs, the mass exchange between domains is based on a lumped first-order solute transfer term which is not always accurate. An nth-order solute transfer term for dual-continuum flow and reactive transport model for structured porous media is proposed here. The value of n is derived from the approximation of the analytical solution of diffusion through a thin slab. The parameters of DCMs are obtained by an inverse methodology. Solute transfer terms for compacted bentonite have been evaluated for 1-D and 2-D synthetic cases by solving the inverse problem for several values of n. The best results are obtained with an n of 0.72 and a scale term of 2.5. The reactive transport DCM has been tested with data from a permeability test conducted on a sample of full-scale engineered barrier experiment (FEBEX) bentonite. By accounting for the solute flux across the micro-macro interface, the DCM overcomes the limitations of the single-continuum model (SCM) which fails to reproduce the long tails of the breakthrough curves of most chemical species of this test. The exponent n and the scaling factor were estimated from Cl- data. They are similar to those obtained from the 2-D synthetic case, thus indicating that the exponent and the scaling factor derived for the FEBEX bentonite could be used for other compacted bentonites. C1 [Zheng, Liange] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Samper, Javier] Univ A Coruna, ETS Ingenieros Caminos, La Coruna 15192, Spain. RP Samper, J (reprint author), Univ A Coruna, ETS Ingenieros Caminos, Campus Elvina S-N, La Coruna 15192, Spain. EM lzheng@lbl.gov; jsamper@udc.es RI Samper, Javier /F-7311-2016; zheng, liange/B-9748-2011 OI Samper, Javier /0000-0002-9532-8433; zheng, liange/0000-0002-9376-2535 FU FEBEX project; ENRESA; European Union [FI4W-CT95-0006, FIKW-CT-2000-00016]; Used Fuel Campaign - US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; European Commission [FP7-232632]; Xunta de Galicia (Ayuda de Consolidacion Grupos de Referencia) [CN2012/181]; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2012-36560] FX This research was supported by the FEBEX project with funding from ENRESA and the European Union through contracts FI4W-CT95-0006 and FIKW-CT-2000-00016 of the Nuclear Fission Program. During the preparation of the manuscript, the first author was supported by a project under the Used Fuel Campaign funded by the US Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Funding for the most recent work has been provided by the PEBS project from the European Commission (FP7-232632), a project from Xunta de Galicia (Ayuda de Consolidacion Grupos de Referencia CN2012/181), and a project from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CGL2012-36560). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and recommendations, which contributed to improve the paper. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 EI 1573-1499 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 BP 709 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s10596-015-9477-8 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CR6MU UT WOS:000361462400002 ER PT J AU Hyman, JD Guadagnini, A Winter, CL AF Hyman, Jeffrey D. Guadagnini, Alberto Winter, C. Larrabee TI Statistical scaling of geometric characteristics in stochastically generated pore microstructures SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Porous media; Microstructure; Scaling; Extended self-similarity; Structure functions; Stochastic methods; Pore scale characterization; Porosity ID EXTENDED SELF-SIMILARITY; POROUS-MEDIA; RANDOM-FIELDS; PERMEABILITY; PERCOLATION; FLOW AB We analyze the statistical scaling of structural attributes of virtual porous microstructures that are stochastically generated by thresholding Gaussian random fields. Characterization of the extent at which randomly generated pore spaces can be considered as representative of a particular rock sample depends on the metrics employed to compare the virtual sample against its physical counterpart. Typically, comparisons against features and/patterns of geometric observables, e.g., porosity and specific surface area, flow-related macroscopic parameters, e.g., permeability, or autocorrelation functions are used to assess the representativeness of a virtual sample, and thereby the quality of the generation method. Here, we rely on manifestations of statistical scaling of geometric observables which were recently observed in real millimeter scale rock samples [13] as additional relevant metrics by which to characterize a virtual sample. We explore the statistical scaling of two geometric observables, namely porosity (I center dot) and specific surface area (SSA), of porous microstructures generated using the method of Smolarkiewicz and Winter [42] and Hyman and Winter [22]. Our results suggest that the method can produce virtual pore space samples displaying the symptoms of statistical scaling observed in real rock samples. Order q sample structure functions (statistical moments of absolute increments) of I center dot and SSA scale as a power of the separation distance (lag) over a range of lags, and extended self-similarity (linear relationship between log structure functions of successive orders) appears to be an intrinsic property of the generated media. The width of the range of lags where power-law scaling is observed and the Hurst coefficient associated with the variables we consider can be controlled by the generation parameters of the method. C1 [Hyman, Jeffrey D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci EES Earth & Environm Sci Div 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hyman, Jeffrey D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guadagnini, Alberto] Politecn Milan, Dipartmento Ingn Civile & Ambientale, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Guadagnini, Alberto] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Winter, C. Larrabee] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Program Appl Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Hyman, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci EES Earth & Environm Sci Div 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jhyman@lanl.gov OI Hyman, Jeffrey /0000-0002-4224-2847 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD [20140002DR, DE-AC52-06NA25396]; MIUR (Italian ministry of Education, Universities and Research) FX JDH gratefully acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD projects 20140002DR and grant no. DE-AC52-06NA25396 for this work. AG gratefully acknowledges funding from MIUR (Italian ministry of Education, Universities and Research-PRIN2010-11; project: "Innovative methods for water resources under hydro-climatic uncertainty scenarios"). NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 EI 1573-1499 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 BP 845 EP 854 DI 10.1007/s10596-015-9493-8 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA CR6MU UT WOS:000361462400010 ER PT J AU Long, MR Ong, WK Reed, JL AF Long, Matthew R. Ong, Wai Kit Reed, Jennifer L. TI Computational methods in metabolic engineering for strain design SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KNOCKOUT STRATEGIES; CHEMICAL PRODUCTION; SYNTHETIC PATHWAYS; MICROBIAL STRAINS; GENETIC DESIGN; NETWORKS; FLUX; OPTIMIZATION; PREDICTION AB Metabolic engineering uses genetic approaches to control microbial metabolism to produce desired compounds. Computational tools can identify new biological routes to chemicals and the changes needed in host metabolism to improve chemical production. Recent computational efforts have focused on exploring what compounds can be made biologically using native, heterologous, and/or enzymes with broad specificity. Additionally, computational methods have been developed to suggest different types of genetic modifications (e.g. gene deletion/addition or up/down regulation), as well as suggest strategies meeting different criteria (e.g. high yield, high productivity, or substrate coutilization). Strategies to improve the runtime performances have also been developed, which allow for more complex metabolic engineering strategies to be identified. Future incorporation of kinetic considerations will further improve strain design algorithms. C1 [Long, Matthew R.; Ong, Wai Kit; Reed, Jennifer L.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ong, Wai Kit; Reed, Jennifer L.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. RP Reed, JL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM reed@engr.wisc.edu RI Reed, Jennifer/E-5137-2011 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008103]; U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0008103) and the U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 28 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 EI 1879-0429 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.019 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CR3TP UT WOS:000361256300020 PM 25576846 ER PT J AU Silva, LP Northen, TR AF Silva, Leslie P. Northen, Trent R. TI Exometabolomics and MSI: deconstructing how cells interact to transform their small molecule environment SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID IMAGING MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SYNECHOCOCCUS-SP. PCC-7002; UNTARGETED METABOLOMICS; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; DATABASE; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; FERMENTATION; METABOLISM; CHALLENGES AB Metabolism is at the heart of many biotechnologies from biofuels to medical diagnostics. Metabolomic methods that provide glimpses into cellular metabolism have rapidly developed into a critical component of the biotechnological development process. Most metabolomics methods have focused on what is happening inside the cell. Equally important are the biochemical transformations of the cell, and their effect on other cells and their environment; the exometabolome. Exometabolonnics is therefore gaining popularity as a robust approach for obtaining rich phenotypic data, and being used in bioprocessing and biofuel development. Mass spectrometry imaging approaches, including several nanotechnologies, provide complimentary information by localizing metabolic processes within complex biological matrices. Together, the two technologies can provide new insights into the metabolism and interactions of cells. C1 [Silva, Leslie P.; Northen, Trent R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Silva, Leslie P.; Northen, Trent R.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Northen, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TRNorthen@lbl.gov OI Northen, Trent/0000-0001-8404-3259 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy by the ENIGMA - Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies Program; U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy by the ENIGMA - Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies Program and the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Megan Danielewicz, Benjamin Bowen, and Katherine Louie for providing several of the images used in this review. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 18 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 EI 1879-0429 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 34 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.015 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA CR3TP UT WOS:000361256300028 PM 25855407 ER PT J AU Harry, KJ Parkinson, DY Balsara, NP AF Harry, Katherine J. Parkinson, Dilworth Y. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Failure Analysis of Batteries Using Synchrotron-based Hard X-ray Microtomography SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Engineering; Issue 102; Lithium-ion batteries; lithium dendrite growth; polymer electrolytes; X-ray microtomography; electrochemistry; X-ray imaging ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER ELECTROLYTES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; LITHIUM METAL; ION BATTERIES; MECHANISMS; GROWTH AB Imaging morphological changes that occur during the lifetime of rechargeable batteries is necessary to understand how these devices fail. Since the advent of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have known that the lithium metal anode has the highest theoretical energy density of any anode material. However, rechargeable batteries containing a lithium metal anode are not widely used in consumer products because the growth of lithium dendrites from the anode upon charging of the battery causes premature cell failure by short circuit. Lithium dendrites can also form in commercial lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes if they are improperly charged. We demonstrate that lithium dendrite growth can be studied using synchrotron-based hard X-ray microtomography. This non-destructive imaging technique allows researchers to study the growth of lithium dendrites, in addition to other morphological changes inside batteries, and subsequently develop methods to extend battery life. C1 [Harry, Katherine J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harry, Katherine J.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Parkinson, Dilworth Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Harry, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kharry@berkeley.edu FU Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; BATT program from the Vehicle Technologies program, through the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX Primary funding for the work was provided by the Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The battery assembly portion of the project was supported by the BATT program from the Vehicle Technologies program, through the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under U.S. DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Hard X-ray microtomography experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Katherine J. Harry was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 24 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD AUG PY 2015 IS 102 AR e53021 DI 10.3791/53021 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CR7NL UT WOS:000361537100031 PM 26382323 ER PT J AU Anderson, NA Tobimatsu, Y Ciesielski, PN Ximenes, E Ralph, J Donohoe, BS Ladisch, M Chapple, C AF Anderson, Nickolas A. Tobimatsu, Yuki Ciesielski, Peter N. Ximenes, Eduardo Ralph, John Donohoe, Bryon S. Ladisch, Michael Chapple, Clint TI Manipulation of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Monomer Biosynthesis in an Arabidopsis Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Mutant Results in Atypical Lignin Biosynthesis and Modified Cell Wall Structure SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME P450-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L.; DOWN-REGULATION; PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; COA REDUCTASE; PLANT-GROWTH; 5-HYDROXYCONIFERYL ALCOHOL; MONOLIGNOL BIOSYNTHESIS AB Modifying lignin composition and structure is a key strategy to increase plant cell wall digestibility for biofuel production. Disruption of the genes encoding both cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs), including CADC and CADD, in Arabidopsis thaliana results in the atypical incorporation of hydroxycinnamaldehydes into lignin. Another strategy to change lignin composition is downregulation or overexpression of ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H), which results in lignins enriched in guaiacyl or syringyl units, respectively. Here, we combined these approaches to generate plants enriched in coniferaldehyde-derived lignin units or lignins derived primarily from sinapaldehyde. The cadc cadd and ferulic acid hydroxylase1 (fah1) cadc cadd plants are similar in growth to wild-type plants even though their lignin compositions are drastically altered. In contrast, disruption of CAD in the F5H-overexpressing background results in dwarfism. The dwarfed phenotype observed in these plants does not appear to be related to collapsed xylem, a hallmark of many other lignin-deficient dwarf mutants. cadc cadd, fah1 cadc cadd, and cadd F5H-overexpressing plants have increased enzyme-catalyzed cell wall digestibility. Given that these CAD-deficient plants have similar total lignin contents and only differ in the amounts of hydroxycinnamaldehyde monomer incorporation, these results suggest that hydroxycinnamaldehyde content is a more important determinant of digestibility than lignin content. C1 [Anderson, Nickolas A.; Chapple, Clint] Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Anderson, Nickolas A.] Heartland Plant Innovat, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Tobimatsu, Yuki; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Tobimatsu, Yuki; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Tobimatsu, Yuki; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Energy Inst, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Tobimatsu, Yuki] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Ciesielski, Peter N.; Donohoe, Bryon S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ximenes, Eduardo; Ladisch, Michael] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ximenes, Eduardo; Ladisch, Michael] Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ladisch, Michael] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Chapple, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM chapple@purdue.edu OI Chapple, Clint/0000-0002-5195-562X FU Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000997]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division [DE-FG02-07ER15905]; Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center by the U.S. DOE's Office of Science [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan [26892014]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-06ER64301]; Purdue University Office of Agricultural Research Programs FX This work was supported as part of the Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award DE-SC0000997. This material is also based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division under Award DE-FG02-07ER15905. J.R. and Y.T. were funded by Stanford University's Global Climate and Energy Project and the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center by the U.S. DOE's Office of Science (DE-FC02-07ER64494). Y.T. also acknowledges a support from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan (Grant 26892014). E.X. and M.L. were supported by the U.S. DOE through Grant DE-FG02-06ER64301 to M.L. and C.C. and by the Purdue University Office of Agricultural Research Programs. NR 108 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 56 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 EI 1532-298X J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD AUG PY 2015 VL 27 IS 8 BP 2195 EP 2209 DI 10.1105/tpc.15.00373 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA CR2QS UT WOS:000361176000011 PM 26265762 ER PT J AU McLerran, L Skokov, VV AF McLerran, Larry Skokov, Vladimir V. TI THE ECCENTRIC COLLECTIVE BFKL POMERON SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA B LA English DT Article ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; PPB COLLISIONS; LARGE NUCLEI AB We apply the flow analysis for multi-particle correlations used in heavy-ion collisions to multi-particle production from a Pomeron. We show that the n(th) order angular harmonic arising from an m particle correlation v(n) [m] satisfies v(n) [m] approximate to v(n) [p] for n >= 1. We discuss some implications of this for the Color Glass Condensate description of high energy hadronic collisions. C1 [McLerran, Larry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McLerran, Larry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [McLerran, Larry] Cent China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Skokov, Vladimir V.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vladimir.skokov@wmich.edu FU D.O.E. [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The research of L.M. is supported under D.O.E. Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank Francois Gellis and Eugene Levin for very useful comments and discussions. Lary McLerran acknowledges very useful conversations with Miklos Gyulassy on this subject, and a most stimulating talk he gave at Quark Matter 2014, where these ideas were initiated. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU JAGIELLONSKIEGO PI KRAKOW PA UL GRODZKA 26, KRAKOW, 31044, POLAND SN 0587-4254 EI 1509-5770 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B JI Acta Phys. Pol. B PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1513 EP 1525 DI 10.5506/APhysPolB.46.1513 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CQ9VM UT WOS:000360963300005 ER PT J AU Kassianov, E Berg, LK Pekour, M Barnard, J Chand, D Flynn, C Ovchinnikov, M Sedlacek, A Schmid, B Shilling, J Tomlinson, J Fast, J AF Kassianov, Evgueni Berg, Larry K. Pekour, Mikhail Barnard, James Chand, Duli Flynn, Connor Ovchinnikov, Mikhail Sedlacek, Arthur Schmid, Beat Shilling, John Tomlinson, Jason Fast, Jerome TI Airborne Aerosol in Situ Measurements during TCAP: A Closure Study of Total Scattering SO ATMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE aircraft measurements of aerosol microphysical; chemical; and optical components and ambient relative humidity; Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS); Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer (PCASP); Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS); Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS); Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2); integrating nephelometer; humidification system; Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) ID OPTICAL-PARTICLE COUNTERS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; BLACK CARBON; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; MARINE AEROSOL; BROWN CARBON; WATER-UPTAKE AB We present a framework for calculating the total scattering of both non-absorbing and absorbing aerosol at ambient conditions from aircraft data. Our framework is developed emphasizing the explicit use of chemical composition data for estimating the complex refractive index (RI) of particles, and thus obtaining improved ambient size spectra derived from Optical Particle Counter (OPC) measurements. The feasibility of our framework for improved calculations of total scattering is demonstrated using three types of data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) aircraft during the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP). Namely, these data types are: (1) size distributions measured by a suite of OPC's; (2) chemical composition data measured by an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer and a Single Particle Soot Photometer; and (3) the dry total scattering coefficient measured by a integrating nephelometer and scattering enhancement factor measured with a humidification system. We demonstrate that good agreement (similar to 10%) between the observed and calculated scattering can be obtained under ambient conditions (RH < 80%) by applying chemical composition data for the RI-based correction of the OPC-derived size spectra. We also demonstrate that ignoring the RI-based correction or using non-representative RI values can cause a substantial underestimation (similar to 40%) or overestimation (similar to 35%) of the calculated scattering, respectively. C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; Berg, Larry K.; Pekour, Mikhail; Chand, Duli; Flynn, Connor; Ovchinnikov, Mikhail; Schmid, Beat; Shilling, John; Tomlinson, Jason; Fast, Jerome] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Barnard, James] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Sedlacek, Arthur] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pnnl.gov; Larry.Berg@pnnl.gov; Mikhail.Pekour@pnnl.gov; jbarnard@unr.edu; Duli.Chand@pnnl.gov; Connor.Flynn@pnnl.gov; Mikhail.Ovchinnikov@pnnl.gov; sedlacek@bnl.gov; Beat.Schmid@pnnl.gov; John.Shilling@pnnl.gov; Jason.Tomlinson@pnnl.gov; Jerome.Fast@pnnl.gov RI Berg, Larry/A-7468-2016; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015 OI Berg, Larry/0000-0002-3362-9492; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195 FU ARM Program; ASR Program; [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX The ARM Aerial Facility team is gratefully acknowledged for collecting the aircraft data during TCAP which was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Programs. The ARM Aerial Facility is an integral part of the DOE ARM Program. This research was supported by the ARM and ASR Programs. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. We appreciate valuable discussions with Elaine Chapman (PNNL) and thoughtful comments from two anonymous reviewers that helped improve our paper. NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 24 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4433 J9 ATMOSPHERE-BASEL JI Atmosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1069 EP 1101 DI 10.3390/atmos6081069 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CQ4HM UT WOS:000360565400006 ER PT J AU Kontos, S Grimm, AJ Hubbell, JA AF Kontos, Stephan Grimm, Alizee J. Hubbell, Jeffrey A. TI Engineering antigen-specific immunological tolerance SO CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; DENDRITIC CELLS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EX-VIVO; INDUCTION; PROTEIN; DISEASES AB Unwanted immunity develops in response to many protein drugs, in autoimmunity, in allergy, and in transplantation. Approaches to induce immunological tolerance aim to either prevent these responses or reverse them after they have already taken place. We present here recent developments in approaches, based on engineered peptides, proteins and biomaterials, that harness mechanisms of peripheral tolerance both prophylactically and therapeutically to induce antigen-specific immunological tolerance. These mechanisms are based on responses of B and T lymphocytes to other cells in their immune environment that result in cellular deletion or ignorance to particular antigens, or in development of active immune regulatory responses. Several of these approaches are moving toward clinical development, and some are already in early stages of clinical testing. C1 [Kontos, Stephan; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Anokion SA, Ecublens, Switzerland. [Grimm, Alizee J.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Bioengn, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kontos, S (reprint author), Anokion SA, Ecublens, Switzerland. EM stephan@anokion.com; jeffrey.hubbell@epfl.ch NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 21 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0952-7915 EI 1879-0372 J9 CURR OPIN IMMUNOL JI Curr. Opin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.coi.2015.05.005 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA CR1HB UT WOS:000361074400013 PM 26163377 ER PT J AU Ronnebro, ECE Whyatt, G Powell, M Westman, M Zheng, F Fang, ZZ AF Roennebro, Ewa C. E. Whyatt, Greg Powell, Michael Westman, Matthew Zheng, Feng (Richard) Fang, Zhigang Zak TI Metal Hydrides for High-Temperature Power Generation SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE metal hydrides; thermal energy storage; hydrogen storage; hydrogen diffusion rate; thermal conductivity; scale-up; solar technologies ID TITANIUM AB Metal hydrides can be utilized for hydrogen storage and for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. By using TES with solar technologies, heat can be stored from sun energy to be used later, which enables continuous power generation. We are developing a TES technology based on a dual-bed metal hydride system, which has a high-temperature (HT) metal hydride operating reversibly at 600-800 degrees C to generate heat, as well as a low-temperature (LT) hydride near room temperature that is used for hydrogen storage during sun hours until there is the need to produce electricity, such as during night time, a cloudy day or during peak hours. We proceeded from selecting a high-energy density HT-hydride based on performance characterization on gram-sized samples scaled up to kilogram quantities with retained performance. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to make performance predictions for cylindrical hydride beds with varying diameters and thermal conductivities. Based on experimental and modeling results, a similar to 200-kWh/m(3) bench-scale prototype was designed and fabricated, and we demonstrated the ability to meet or exceed all performance targets. C1 [Roennebro, Ewa C. E.; Whyatt, Greg; Powell, Michael; Westman, Matthew; Zheng, Feng (Richard)] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fang, Zhigang Zak] Univ Utah, Dept Met Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Ronnebro, ECE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ewa.ronnebro@pnnl.gov; Greg.Whyatt@pnnl.gov; Michael.Powell@pnnl.gov; matthew.westman@pnnl.gov; Feng.Zheng@pnnl.gov; zak.fang@utah.edu RI Zheng, Feng/C-7678-2009 OI Zheng, Feng/0000-0002-5427-1303 FU U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E HEATS program [0471-1554]; Heavystone Lab LLC FX We acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy ARPA-E HEATS program for financially supporting this research under Award 0471-1554. We acknowledge Heavystone Lab LLC and Ronald White, CEO, for support. Kevin Simmons (formerly of PNNL) is appreciated for valuable discussions. Gary Maupin, PNNL, provided valuable help with the Sievert's system. Ben Roberts, PNNL, provided valuable help with installing the prototype and setting up the LabVIEW-based program to operate it. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 12 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 8406 EP 8430 DI 10.3390/en8088406 PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CQ4PH UT WOS:000360586600048 ER PT J AU Siegel, JA Sacks, B Feinendegen, LE Welsh, JS Fornalski, KW Miller, M Mahn, J Gomez, L Stabin, MG Lewis, P Esposito, VJ Strupczewski, A Pennington, CW Cuttler, JM Rangacharyulu, C Davey, C Sutou, S AF Siegel, Jeffry A. Sacks, Bill Feinendegen, Ludwig E. Welsh, James S. Fornalski, Krzysztof W. Miller, Mark Mahn, Jeffrey Gomez, Leo Stabin, Michael G. Lewis, Patricia Esposito, Vincent J. Strupczewski, Andrzej Pennington, Charles W. Cuttler, Jerry M. Rangacharyulu, Chary Davey, Chris Sutou, Shizuyo TI Comment on "Background Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Census-Based Nationwide Cohort Study" SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Siegel, Jeffry A.] Nucl Phys Enterprises, Marlton, NJ 08053 USA. [Sacks, Bill] US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. [Feinendegen, Ludwig E.] Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Welsh, James S.] Loyola Univ, Stritch Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Fornalski, Krzysztof W.] Polish Nucl Soc, Warsaw, Poland. [Miller, Mark; Mahn, Jeffrey; Gomez, Leo] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Stabin, Michael G.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Lewis, Patricia] Free Enterprise Radon Hlth Mine, Boulder, MT USA. [Esposito, Vincent J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Strupczewski, Andrzej] Natl Ctr Nucl Res, Warsaw, Poland. [Pennington, Charles W.] NAC Int, Norcross, GA USA. [Cuttler, Jerry M.] Cuttler & Associates, Mississauga, ON, Canada. [Rangacharyulu, Chary] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Davey, Chris] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Sutou, Shizuyo] Shujitsu Univ, Okayama, Japan. RP Siegel, JA (reprint author), Nucl Phys Enterprises, 4 Wedgewood Dr, Marlton, NJ 08053 USA. EM nukephysics@comcast.net NR 3 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 123 IS 8 BP A200 EP A200 DI 10.1289/ehp.1510111 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA CQ6CX UT WOS:000360693100004 PM 26230545 ER PT J AU Quackenbush, NF Paik, H Woicik, JC Arena, DA Schlom, DG Piper, LFJ AF Quackenbush, Nicholas F. Paik, Hanjong Woicik, Joseph C. Arena, Dario A. Schlom, Darrell G. Piper, Louis F. J. TI X-Ray Spectroscopy of Ultra-Thin Oxide/Oxide Heteroepitaxial Films: A Case Study of Single-Nanometer VO2/TiO2 SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heteroepitaxial systems and interfaces; rational design of nanoscale materials; structure-function relationship ID METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; VANADIUM DIOXIDE; PHASE-TRANSITION; MOTT TRANSITION; TIO2 001; VO2; ELECTRONICS; ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE; INTERFACES AB Epitaxial ultra-thin oxide films can support large percent level strains well beyond their bulk counterparts, thereby enabling strain-engineering in oxides that can tailor various phenomena. At these reduced dimensions (typically < 10 nm), contributions from the substrate can dwarf the signal from the epilayer, making it difficult to distinguish the properties of the epilayer from the bulk. This is especially true for oxide on oxide systems. Here, we have employed a combination of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) and angular soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to study epitaxial VO2/TiO2 (100) films ranging from 7.5 to 1 nm. We observe a low-temperature (300 K) insulating phase with evidence of vanadium-vanadium (V-V) dimers and a high-temperature (400 K) metallic phase absent of V-V dimers irrespective of film thickness. Our results confirm that the metal insulator transition can exist at atomic dimensions and that biaxial strain can still be used to control the temperature of its transition when the interfaces are atomically sharp. More generally, our case study highlights the benefits of using non-destructive XAS and HAXPES to extract out information regarding the interfacial quality of the epilayers and spectroscopic signatures associated with exotic phenomena at these dimensions. C1 [Quackenbush, Nicholas F.; Piper, Louis F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Paik, Hanjong; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arena, Dario A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Kavli Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Piper, LFJ (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM quackenbush@binghamton.edu; hp277@cornell.edu; woicik@bnl.gov; darena@bnl.gov; schlom@cornell.edu; lpiper@binghamton.edu RI Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011 OI Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1409912, ECCS-0335765]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0665]; National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program [DMR-1120296]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 98CH10886] FX Louis F. J. Piper and Nicholas F. Quackenbush acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under DMR-1409912. Hanjong Paik and Darrell G. Schlom acknowledge the financial support of the Office of Naval Research through Award No. N00014-11-1-0665. This work made use of the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, which are supported through the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program (DMR-1120296). This work was performed in part at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS-0335765). The National Synchrotron Light Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 98CH10886. Beamline X24a is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 38 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 5452 EP 5466 DI 10.3390/ma8085255 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CQ5KX UT WOS:000360643900058 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Gjergo, E Kuhlmann, S AF Wang, Yun Gjergo, E. Kuhlmann, S. TI Analytic photometric redshift estimator for Type Ia supernovae from the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; distance scale ID SDSS-II; COSMIC ACCELERATION; LEGACY SURVEY; DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGY; DISTANCES; UNIVERSE AB Accurate and precise photometric redshifts (photo-zs) of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) can enable the use of SNe Ia, measured only with photometry, to probe cosmology. This dramatically increases the science return of supernova surveys planned for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). In this paper we describe a significantly improved version of the simple analytic photo-z estimator proposed by Wang and further developed by Wang, Narayan & Wood-Vasey. We apply it to 55 422 simulated SNe Ia generated using the SNANA package with the LSST filters. We find that the estimated errors on the photo-zs, sigma(zphot) /(1 + z(phot)), can be used as filters to produce a set of photo-zs that have high precision, accuracy, and purity. Using SN Ia colours as well as SN Ia peak magnitude in the i band, we obtain a set of photo-zs with 2 per cent accuracy (with sigma(z(phot) - z(spec))/(1 + z(spec)) = 0.02), a bias in z(phot) (the mean of z(phot) - z(spec)) of -9 x 10(-5), and an outlier fraction (with vertical bar(z(phot) - z(spec))/(1 + z(spec))vertical bar > 0.1) of 0.23 per cent, with the requirement that sigma(zphot) /(1 + z(phot)) < 0.01. Using the SN Ia colours only, we obtain a set of photo-zs with similar quality by requiring that s(zphot) /(1 + z(phot)) < 0.007; this leads to a set of photo-zs with 2 per cent accuracy, a bias in z(phot) of 5.9 x 10(-4), and an outlier fraction of 0.32 per cent. C1 [Wang, Yun] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wang, Yun] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gjergo, E.; Kuhlmann, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, 770 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wang@ipac.caltech.edu RI Wang, Yun/B-5724-2011 OI Wang, Yun/0000-0002-4749-2984 FU NASA [12-EUCLID12-0004] FX We are grateful to Michel Wood-Vasey and Alex Kim for helpful discussions, and Kirk Gilmore for an internal review of our paper on behalf of the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration. YW was supported in part by NASA grant 12-EUCLID12-0004. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 451 IS 2 BP 1955 EP 1963 DI 10.1093/mnras/stv1090 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CQ8BB UT WOS:000360830000063 ER PT J AU He, Y Zhang, TS Shi, X Wei, SH Chen, LD AF He, Ying Zhang, Tiansong Shi, Xun Wei, Su-Huai Chen, Lidong TI High thermoelectric performance in copper telluride SO NPG ASIA MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIGURE-OF-MERIT; COMPOUND; CU2TE; SELENIDE; PHASE; CU2SE AB Recently, Cu2-delta S and Cu2-delta Se were reported to have an ultralow thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric figure of merit zT. Thus, as a member of the copper chalcogenide group, Cu2-delta Te is expected to possess superior zTs because Te is less ionic and heavy. However, the zT value is low in the Cu2Te sintered using spark plasma sintering, which is typically used to fabricate high-density bulk samples. In addition, the extra sintering processes may change the samples' compositions as well as their physical properties, especially for Cu2Te, which has many stable and meta-stable phases as well as weaker ionic bonding between Cu and Te as compared with Cu2S and Cu2Se. In this study, high-density Cu2Te samples were obtained using direct annealing without a sintering process. In the absence of sintering processes, the samples' compositions could be well controlled, leading to substantially reduced carrier concentrations that are close to the optimal value. The electrical transports were optimized, and the thermal conductivity was considerably reduced. The zT values were significantly improved-to 1.1 at 1000 K-which is nearly 100% improvement. Furthermore, this method saves substantial time and cost during the sample's growth. The study demonstrates that Cu2-delta X (X= S, Se and Te) is the only existing system to show high zTs in the series of compounds composed of three sequential primary group elements. C1 [He, Ying; Shi, Xun; Chen, Lidong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. [He, Ying; Zhang, Tiansong; Shi, Xun; Chen, Lidong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. [He, Ying] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Shi, X (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, 1295 Dingxi Rd, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. EM xshi@mail.sic.ac.cn RI shi, xun/B-4499-2009; Chen, Lidong/F-2705-2010 OI shi, xun/0000-0002-3806-0303; FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2013CB632501]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51472262, 51222209]; Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGZD-EW-T06]; Shanghai government [14DZ2261200, 15JC1400301] FX This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) under project no. 2013CB632501, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under nos. 51472262 and 51222209, the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. KGZD-EW-T06) and the Shanghai government (grant no. 14DZ2261200 and no. 15JC1400301). NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 24 U2 125 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1884-4049 EI 1884-4057 J9 NPG ASIA MATER JI NPG Asia Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 AR e210 DI 10.1038/am.2015.91 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CQ9PB UT WOS:000360946000005 ER PT J AU Pasiakos, SM Agarwal, S Lieberman, HR Fulgoni, VL AF Pasiakos, Stefan M. Agarwal, Sanjiv Lieberman, Harris R. Fulgoni, Victor L., III TI Sources and Amounts of Animal, Dairy, and Plant Protein Intake of US Adults in 2007-2010 SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NUTRIENT ADEQUACY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DIETS; FOODS AB Dietary guidelines suggest consuming a mixed-protein diet, consisting of high-quality animal, dairy, and plant-based foods. However, current data on the distribution and the food sources of protein intake in a free-living, representative sample of US adults are not available. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2010, were used in these analyses (n = 10,977, age >= 19 years). Several US Department of Agriculture (USDA) databases were used to partition the composition of foods consumed into animal, dairy, or plant components. Mean +/- SE animal, dairy, and plant protein intakes were determined and deciles of usual intakes were estimated. The percentages of total protein intake derived from animal, dairy, and plant protein were 46%, 16%, and 30%, respectively; 8% of intake could not be classified. Chicken and beef were the primary food sources of animal protein intake. Cheese, reduced-fat milk, and ice cream/dairy desserts were primary sources of dairy protein intake. Yeast breads, rolls/buns, and nuts/seeds were primary sources of plant protein intake. This study provides baseline data for assessing the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to alter the composition of protein foods consumed by the American public. C1 [Pasiakos, Stefan M.; Lieberman, Harris R.] US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Agarwal, Sanjiv] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Agarwal, Sanjiv] NutriScience LLC, East Norriton, PA 19403 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Henry M Jackson Fdn, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Fulgoni, Victor L., III] Nutr Impact LLC, Battle Creek, MI 49014 USA. RP Pasiakos, SM (reprint author), US Army, Environm Med Res Inst, Mil Nutr Div, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM stefan.m.pasiakos.civ@mail.mil; agarwal47@yahoo.com; harris.r.lieberman.civ@mail.mil; VIC3RD@aol.com RI Pasiakos, Stefan/E-6295-2014 OI Pasiakos, Stefan/0000-0002-5378-5820 FU US Army Military Research and Material Command; Department of Defense Center Alliance for Nutrition and Dietary Supplements Research FX This research was supported by the US Army Military Research and Material Command and the Department of Defense Center Alliance for Nutrition and Dietary Supplements Research. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 7058 EP 7069 DI 10.3390/nu7085322 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA CQ4PQ UT WOS:000360587500055 PM 26308049 ER PT J AU Mortimer, JC Faria-Blanc, N Yu, XL Tryfona, T Sorieul, M Ng, YZ Zhang, ZN Stott, K Anders, N Dupree, P AF Mortimer, Jenny C. Faria-Blanc, Nuno Yu, Xiaolan Tryfona, Theodora Sorieul, Mathias Ng, Yao Z. Zhang, Zhinong Stott, Katherine Anders, Nadine Dupree, Paul TI An unusual xylan in Arabidopsis primary cell walls is synthesised by GUX3, IRX9L, IRX10L and IRX14 SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Xylan; IRX10L; IRX9L; IRX14; GUX3; primary wall; Arabidopsis thaliana ID POLLEN-TUBE GROWTH; ACTIN GENE FAMILY; F-ACTIN; POLARIZED GROWTH; PLANT-CELLS; TIP GROWTH; DYNAMICS; POLYMERIZATION; GERMINATION; ISOVARIANTS AB Xylan is a crucial component of many plant primary and secondary cell walls. However, the structure and function of xylan in the dicotyledon primary cell wall is not well understood. Here, we characterized a xylan that is specific to tissues enriched in Arabidopsis primary cell walls. Unlike previously described xylans, this xylan carries a pentose linked 1-2 to the alpha-1,2-D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) side chains on the beta-1,4-Xyl backbone. The frequent and precisely regular spacing of GlcA substitutions every six xylosyl residues along the backbone is also unlike that previously observed in secondary cell wall xylan. Molecular genetics, in vitro assays, and expression data suggest that IRX9L, IRX10L and IRX14 are required for xylan backbone synthesis in primary cell wall synthesising tissues. IRX9 and IRX10 are not involved in the primary cell wall xylan synthesis but are functionally exchangeable with IRX9L and IRX10L. GUX3 is the only glucuronyltransferase required for the addition of the GlcA decorations on the xylan. The differences in xylan structure in primary versus secondary cell walls might reflect the different roles in cross-linking and interaction with other cell wall components. C1 [Mortimer, Jenny C.; Faria-Blanc, Nuno; Yu, Xiaolan; Tryfona, Theodora; Sorieul, Mathias; Ng, Yao Z.; Zhang, Zhinong; Stott, Katherine; Anders, Nadine; Dupree, Paul] Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. [Mortimer, Jenny C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dupree, P (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. EM p.dupree@bioc.cam.ac.uk OI Mortimer, Jenny/0000-0001-6624-636X FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2013CB945100, 2011CB944600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31125004, 31121065] FX We thank the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre for providing T-DNA insertion line. We also thank Yan Zhang (Shandong Agricultural University) for the marker line expressing YFP-RabA4B in pollen. M.C. thanks Xiaolu Qu (Tsinghua University) for the help on drawing the model. This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013CB945100 and 2011CB944600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31125004 and 31121065). NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 83 IS 3 BP 413 EP 527 DI 10.1111/tpj.12898 PG 115 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CQ9HF UT WOS:000360923600004 PM 26043357 ER PT J AU Lykov, K Li, XJ Lei, H Pivkin, IV Karniadakis, GE AF Lykov, Kirill Li, Xuejin Lei, Huan Pivkin, Igor V. Karniadakis, George Em TI Inflow/Outflow Boundary Conditions for Particle-Based Blood Flow Simulations: Application to Arterial Bifurcations and Trees SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RED-CELL DISTRIBUTION; MICROVASCULAR BIFURCATIONS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VISCOSITY; CONTINUUM; VESICLES; SHAPE; VESSELS AB When blood flows through a bifurcation, red blood cells (RBCs) travel into side branches at different hematocrit levels, and it is even possible that all RBCs enter into one branch only, leading to a complete separation of plasma and RBCs. To quantify this phenomenon via particle-based mesoscopic simulations, we developed a general framework for open boundary conditions in multiphase flows that is effective even for high hematocrit levels. The inflow at the inlet is duplicated from a fully developed flow generated in a pilot simulation with periodic boundary conditions. The outflow is controlled by adaptive forces to maintain the flow rate and velocity gradient at fixed values, while the particles leaving the arteriole at the outlet are removed from the system. Upon validation of this approach, we performed systematic 3D simulations to study plasma skimming in arterioles of diameters 20 to 32 microns. For a flow rate ratio 6: 1 at the branches, we observed the "all-or-nothing" phenomenon with plasma only entering the low flow rate branch. We then simulated blood-plasma separation in arteriolar bifurcations with different bifurcation angles and same diameter of the daughter branches. Our simulations predict a significant increase in RBC flux through the main daughter branch as the bifurcation angle is increased. Finally, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the new methodology in simulations of blood flow in vessels with multiple inlets and outlets, constructed using an angiogenesis model. C1 [Lykov, Kirill; Pivkin, Igor V.] Univ Lugano, Fac Informat, Inst Computat Sci, Lugano, Switzerland. [Li, Xuejin; Karniadakis, George Em] Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Lei, Huan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pivkin, Igor V.] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Lykov, K (reprint author), Univ Lugano, Fac Informat, Inst Computat Sci, Lugano, Switzerland. EM igor.pivkin@usi.ch; George_Karniadakis@brown.edu RI Li, Xuejin/B-8559-2009 OI Li, Xuejin/0000-0002-4446-2480 FU Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_138231]; Swiss Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U01HL114476, U01HL116323]; new DOE Collaboratory on Mathematics for Mesoscopic Modeling of Materials (CM4) FX KL and IVP acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 200021_138231 and grant from Swiss Platform for Advanced Scientific Computing. XL and GEK acknowledge support from National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants U01HL114476 and U01HL116323. HL and GEK acknowledge support from the new DOE Collaboratory on Mathematics for Mesoscopic Modeling of Materials (CM4). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 8 AR e1004410 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004410 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA CQ7ZC UT WOS:000360824500028 PM 26317829 ER PT J AU Budworth, H Harris, FR Williams, P Lee, DY Holt, A Pahnke, J Szczesny, B Acevedo-Torres, K Ayala-Pena, S McMurray, CT AF Budworth, Helen Harris, Faye R. Williams, Paul Lee, Do Yup Holt, Amy Pahnke, Jens Szczesny, Bartosz Acevedo-Torres, Karina Ayala-Pena, Sylvette McMurray, Cynthia T. TI Suppression of Somatic Expansion Delays the Onset of Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CAG REPEAT INSTABILITY; KNOCK-IN MOUSE; AGE-OF-ONSET; MISMATCH-REPAIR; DNA-REPAIR; NEUROLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES; TRINUCLEOTIDE EXPANSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; HD MAPS; GENE AB Huntington's Disease (HD) is caused by inheritance of a single disease-length allele harboring an expanded CAG repeat, which continues to expand in somatic tissues with age. The inherited disease allele expresses a toxic protein, and whether further somatic expansion adds to toxicity is unknown. We have created an HD mouse model that resolves the effects of the inherited and somatic expansions. We show here that suppressing somatic expansion substantially delays the onset of disease in littermates that inherit the same disease-length allele. Furthermore, a pharmacological inhibitor, XJB-5-131, inhibits the lengthening of the repeat tracks, and correlates with rescue of motor decline in these animals. The results provide evidence that pharmacological approaches to offset disease progression are possible. C1 [Budworth, Helen; Williams, Paul; Holt, Amy; McMurray, Cynthia T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harris, Faye R.] Mayo Clin, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Rochester, MN USA. [Lee, Do Yup] Kookmin Univ, Dept Bio & Fermentat Convergence Technol, Seoul, South Korea. [Pahnke, Jens] Univ Oslo, Dept Neuropathol, Oslo, Norway. [Pahnke, Jens] Univ Lubeck, LIED, Lubeck, Germany. [Szczesny, Bartosz] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Anesthesiol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Acevedo-Torres, Karina; Ayala-Pena, Sylvette] Univ Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico Ctr Inherited Dis, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Acevedo-Torres, Karina; Ayala-Pena, Sylvette] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Budworth, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ctmcmurray@lbl.gov RI Pahnke, Jens/G-1757-2010 FU National Institutes of Health [ES020766-01, NS060115, CA092584, U54-NS039408, GM061838]; University of Puerto Rico infrastructural grant [MD007600] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants ES020766-01 (to CTM), and National Institutes of Health grants NS060115 (to CTM), and National Institutes of Health grants CA092584 (to CTM), and National Institutes of Health grants U54-NS039408 (to SAP), and National Institutes of Health grants GM061838 (to SAP), and the University of Puerto Rico infrastructural grant MD007600 (to SAP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7404 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 8 AR e1005267 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005267 PG 22 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CQ7YP UT WOS:000360823100001 PM 26247199 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lekue, A Vergniory, MG Jiang, XW Wang, LW AF Garcia-Lekue, A. Vergniory, M. G. Jiang, X. W. Wang, L. W. TI Ab initio quantum transport calculations using plane waves SO PROGRESS IN SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Simulation of quantum transport; Density functional theory; Scattering states; Plane waves; Tunneling regime ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC DEVICES; IMAGE POTENTIAL STATES; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; BARRIER HEIGHT; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; VALLEY POLARIZATION; CONDUCTANCE; JUNCTIONS; MOS2 AB We present an ab initio method to calculate elastic quantum transport at the nanoscale. The method is based on a combination of density functional theory using plane wave nonlocal pseudopotentials and the use of auxiliary periodic boundary conditions to obtain the scattering states. The method can be applied to any applied bias voltage and the charge density and potential profile can either be calculated self-consistently, or using an approximated self-consistent field (SCF) approach. Based on the scattering states one can straightforwardly calculate the transmission coefficients and the corresponding electronic current. The overall scheme allows us to obtain accurate and numerically stable solutions for the elastic transport, with a computational time similar to that of a ground state calculation. This method is particularly suitable for calculations of tunneling currents through vacuum, that some of the nonequilibrium Greens function (NEGF) approaches based on atomic basis sets might have difficulty to deal with. Several examples are provided using this method from electron tunneling, to molecular electronics, to electronic devices: (i) On a Au nanojunction, the tunneling current dependence on the electrode-electrode distance is investigated. (ii) The tunneling through field emission resonances (FERs) is studied via an accurate description of the surface vacuum states. (iii) Based on quantum transport calculations, we have designed a molecular conformational switch, which can turn on and off a molecular junction by applying a perpendicular electric field. (iv) Finally, we have used the method to simulate tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) based on two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), where we have studied the performance and scaling limits of such nanodevices and proposed atomic doping to enhance the transistor performance. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Lekue, A.; Vergniory, M. G.] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. [Garcia-Lekue, A.] Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain. [Jiang, X. W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Semicond, State Key Lab Superlattices & Microstruct, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wang, L. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garcia-Lekue, A (reprint author), Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. EM wmbgalea@lg.ehu.es; lwwang@lbl.gov RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU Basque Departamento de Educacion, UPV/EHU [IT-756-13]; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [MAT2013-46593-C6-2-P]; ETORTEK program - Basque Departamento de Industria; European Union FP7-ICT Integrated Project PAMS [610446]; Theory of Materials project at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory by the Basic Energy Science, Material Science and Engineering, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge support from the Basque Departamento de Educacion, UPV/EHU (Grant No. IT-756-13), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Grant No. MAT2013-46593-C6-2-P), the ETORTEK program funded by the Basque Departamento de Industria, and the European Union FP7-ICT Integrated Project PAMS under contract No. 610446. Wang is supported through the Theory of Materials project at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory by the Basic Energy Science, Material Science and Engineering, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 108 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6816 J9 PROG SURF SCI JI Prog. Surf. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 90 IS 3 BP 292 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.progsurf.2015.05.002 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA CQ8QJ UT WOS:000360873200002 ER PT J AU Hamada, Y Ssegane, H Negri, MC AF Hamada, Yuki Ssegane, Herbert Negri, Maria Cristina TI Mapping Intra-Field Yield Variation Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery to Integrate Bioenergy and Environmental Stewardship in an Agricultural Watershed SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CORN STOVER REMOVAL; VEGETATION INDEXES; MARGINAL LAND; CROP YIELD; FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; NITROGEN INPUT; UNITED-STATES; GRAIN-YIELD; MODIS AB Biofuels are important alternatives for meeting our future energy needs. Successful bioenergy crop production requires maintaining environmental sustainability and minimum impacts on current net annual food, feed, and fiber production. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine under-productive areas within an agricultural field in a watershed using a single date; high resolution remote sensing and (2) examine impacts of growing bioenergy crops in the under-productive areas using hydrologic modeling in order to facilitate sustainable landscape design. Normalized difference indices (NDIs) were computed based on the ratio of all possible two-band combinations using the RapidEye and the National Agricultural Imagery Program images collected in summer 2011. A multiple regression analysis was performed using 10 NDIs and five RapidEye spectral bands. The regression analysis suggested that the red and near infrared bands and NDI using red-edge and near infrared that is known as the red-edge normalized difference vegetation index (RENDVI) had the highest correlation (R-2 = 0.524) with the reference yield. Although predictive yield map showed striking similarity to the reference yield map, the model had modest correlation; thus, further research is needed to improve predictive capability for absolute yields. Forecasted impact using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model of growing switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) on under-productive areas based on corn yield thresholds of 3.1, 4.7, and 6.3 Mg center dot ha(-1) showed reduction of tile NO3-N and sediment exports by 15.9%-25.9% and 25%-39%, respectively. Corresponding reductions in water yields ranged from 0.9% to 2.5%. While further research is warranted, the study demonstrated the integration of remote sensing and hydrologic modeling to quantify the multifunctional value of projected future landscape patterns in a context of sustainable bioenergy crop production. C1 [Hamada, Yuki] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ssegane, Herbert; Negri, Maria Cristina] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hamada, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yhamada@anl.gov; hssegane@anl.gov; negri@anl.gov FU DOE's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank anonymous reviewers for insightful comments on the manuscript. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. The project was funded by DOE's Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office. NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 9753 EP 9768 DI 10.3390/rs70809753 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CQ7XF UT WOS:000360818800013 ER PT J AU Lin, WP Chen, GS Guo, PP Zhu, WQ Zhang, DH AF Lin, Wenpeng Chen, Guangsheng Guo, Pupu Zhu, Wenquan Zhang, Donghai TI Remote-Sensed Monitoring of Dominant Plant Species Distribution and Dynamics at Jiuduansha Wetland in Shanghai, China SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; CLASSIFICATION; ECOLOGY AB Spartina alterniflora is one of the most hazardous invasive plant species in China. Monitoring the changes in dominant plant species can help identify the invasion mechanisms of S. alterniflora, thereby providing scientific guidelines on managing or controlling the spreading of this invasive species at Jiuduansha Wetland in Shanghai, China. However, because of the complex terrain and the inaccessibility of tidal wetlands, it is very difficult to conduct field experiments on a large scale in this wetland. Hence, remote sensing plays an important role in monitoring the dynamics of plant species and its distribution on both spatial and temporal scales. In this study, based on multi-spectral and high resolution (<10 m) remote sensing images and field observational data, we analyzed spectral characteristics of four dominant plant species at different green-up phenophases. Based on the difference in spectral characteristics, a decision tree classification was built for identifying the distribution of these plant species. The results indicated that the overall classification accuracy for plant species was 87.17%, and the Kappa Coefficient was 0.81, implying that our classification method could effectively identify the four plant species. We found that the area of Phragmites australi showed an increasing trend from 1997 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2012, with an annual spreading rate of 33.77% and 31.92%, respectively. The area of Scirpus mariqueter displayed an increasing trend from 1997 to 2004 (12.16% per year) and a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2012 (-7.05% per year). S. alterniflora has the biggest area (3302.20 ha) as compared to other species, accounting for 51% of total vegetated area at the study region in 2012. It showed an increasing trend from 1997 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2012, with an annual spreading rate of 130.63% and 28.11%, respectively. As a result, the native species P. australi was surrounded and the habitats of S. mariqueter were occupied by S. alterniflora. The high proliferation ability and competitive advantage for S. alterniflora inhibited the growth of other plant species and we anticipate a continuous expansion of this invasive species at Jiuduansha Wetland. Effective measures should be taken to control the invasion of S. alterniflora. C1 [Lin, Wenpeng; Guo, Pupu] Shanghai Normal Univ, Coll Tourism, Shanghai 200234, Peoples R China. [Chen, Guangsheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Zhu, Wenquan; Zhang, Donghai] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Resource, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Chen, GS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM linwenpeng@163.com; cheng@ornl.gov; ppdzn0613@126.com; zhuwq75@bnu.edu.cn; donghai_zhang@mail.bnu.edu.cn FU Shanghai Natural Science Foundation [15ZR1431000]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40801168]; Original and Forward-Looking Pre-Research Project of Shanghai Normal University [DYL201403]; National Special Research Fund for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China [GYHY201406028] FX This study was supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (No. 15ZR1431000), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40801168), the Original and Forward-Looking Pre-Research Project of Shanghai Normal University (No. DYL201403), and the National Special Research Fund for Public Welfare (Meteorology) of China (GYHY201406028). We would also like to express our sincere thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 10227 EP 10241 DI 10.3390/rs70810227 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA CQ7XF UT WOS:000360818800033 ER PT J AU Sanabria, C Lee, PJ Starch, W Blum, T Devred, A Jewell, MC Pong, I Martovetsky, N Larbalestier, DC AF Sanabria, Carlos Lee, Peter J. Starch, William Blum, Timothy Devred, Arnaud Jewell, Matthew C. Pong, Ian Martovetsky, Nicolai Larbalestier, David C. TI Metallographic autopsies of full-scale ITER prototype cable-in-conduit conductors after full testing in SULTAN: 1. The mechanical role of copper strands in a CICC SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE niobium-tin; ITER; cable-in-conduit conductor; metallograhpy; microscopy ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; CS INSERT; COIL AB Cables made with Nb3Sn-based superconductor strands will provide the 13 T maximum peak magnetic field of the ITER central solenoid (CS) coils and they must survive up to 60 000 electromagnetic cycles. Accordingly, prototype designs of CS cable-in-conduit-conductors (CICC) were electromagnetically tested over multiple magnetic field cycles and warm-up-cool-down scenarios in the SULTAN facility at CRPP. We report here a post-mortem metallographic analysis of two CS CICC prototypes which exhibited some rate of irreversible performance degradation during cycling. The standard ITER CS CICC cable design uses a combination of superconducting and Cu strands, and because the Lorentz force on the strand is proportional to the transport current in the strand, removing the copper strands (while increasing the Cu:SC ratio of the superconducting strands) was proposed as one way of reducing the strand load. In this study we compare the two alternative CICCs, with and without Cu strands, keeping in mind that the degradation after the SULTAN test was lower for the CICC without Cu strands. The postmortem metallographic evaluation revealed that the overall strand transverse movement was 20% lower in the CICC without Cu strands and that the tensile filament fractures found were less, both indications of an overall reduction in high tensile strain regions. It was interesting to see that the Cu strands in the mixed cable design (with higher degradation) helped reduce the contact stresses on the high pressure side of the CICC, but in either case, the strain reduction mechanisms were not enough to suppress cyclic degradation. Advantages and disadvantages of each conductor design are discussed here aimed to understand the sources of the degradation. C1 [Sanabria, Carlos; Lee, Peter J.; Starch, William; Blum, Timothy; Larbalestier, David C.] Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Devred, Arnaud; Jewell, Matthew C.; Pong, Ian] ITER Int Fus Energy Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Jewell, Matthew C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Mat Sci, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Martovetsky, Nicolai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sanabria, C (reprint author), Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM sanabria@asc.magnet.fsu.edu RI Larbalestier, David/B-2277-2008; OI Larbalestier, David/0000-0001-7098-7208; Sanabria, Charlie/0000-0001-5017-5309 FU ITER-IO [ITER/CT/11/4300000511]; US-ITER [6400011187]; US Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-06ER54881]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1157490]; State of Florida FX The CICCs were provided by courtesy of Pierluigi Bruzzone (CFRP Villigen, CH) with agreement from ITER-IO and USIPO. This work was supported by the ITER-IO under purchase order ITER/CT/11/4300000511, US-ITER under contract 6400011187, and the US Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under award DE-FG02-06ER54881. The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory where the experiments were performed is supported by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement DMR-1157490 and by the State of Florida. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 28 IS 8 AR 085005 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/28/8/085005 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CQ9JL UT WOS:000360930500010 ER PT J AU Hathcock, CD Wright, MA Sias, DS Gonzales, GJ AF Hathcock, Charles D. Wright, Marjorie A. Sias, Donald S. Gonzales, Gilbert J. TI MORPHOLOGY AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF THE MANY-LINED SKINK IN NORTH CENTRAL NEW MEXICO SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID OVIPAROUS LIZARD; SELECTION; PATTERN AB In 2001 and 2002, a study of many-lined skinks (Plestiodon multivirgatus) was conducted by Los Alamos National Laboratory biologists in north-central New Mexico to determine means and ranges for several morphological characters and to test for sexual dimorphism. Over both years, there were 539 new captures of many-lined skinks, which included 131 hatchlings. The earliest hatchling capture was on 19 June and the latest capture was on 31 August. Hatchling captures peaked on 1 August in 2001 and 6 August in 2002. The age class, sex, snout-vent length (SVL), tail length (TL), mass, head length (HL), and head width (HW) were recorded and individuals were released at the point of capture. Our results indicate that the SVL, mass, HL, and HW did not exhibit sexual dimorphism. The sex ratio was skewed toward females in this study. It is not known whether the many-lined skink has sexual determination based on environmental factors, but the data here suggest that more research is needed. From these observations, we supplement the limited existing knowledge on the morphology of this species. C1 [Hathcock, Charles D.; Wright, Marjorie A.; Gonzales, Gilbert J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Stewardship, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hathcock, CD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,Mailstop J978, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hathcock@lanl.gov FU Environmental Protection Program through Los Alamos National Security, LLC; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank D. Keller, D. Lujan, B. Pearson, L. Sandoval, R. Velasquez, J. Vencil, and G. Vigil for field support during this project. We thank T. Hibbitts, C. Painter, D. Leavitt, L. Hansen, and G. Carpenter for helpful comments on this manuscript. This project was operated under an approved Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol, and this research was funded by the Environmental Protection Program through Los Alamos National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD AUG PY 2015 VL 75 IS 2 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CR0AA UT WOS:000360978700011 ER PT J AU He, XW Leonard, F Kono, J AF He, Xiaowei Leonard, Francois Kono, Junichiro TI Uncooled Carbon Nanotube Photodetectors SO ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE carbon nanotubes; graphene; infrared; photodetectors; terahertz ID INDUCED TUNNELING CONDUCTION; THIN-FILM PHOTOVOLTAICS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FREE BIPOLAR DIODE; INFRARED-SENSORS; HETEROJUNCTION INTERFACES; EXCITON DISSOCIATION; BROAD-BAND; TERAHERTZ; GRAPHENE AB Photodetectors play key roles in many applications such as remote sensing, night vision, reconnaissance, medical imaging, thermal imaging, and chemical detection. Several properties such as performance, reliability, ease of integration, cost, weight, and form factor are all important in determining the attributes of photodetectors for particular applications. While a number of materials have been used over the past several decades to address photodetection needs across the electromagnetic spectrum, the advent of nanomaterials opens new possibilities for photodetectors. In particular, carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene possess unique properties that have recently been explored for photodetectors. Here, the status of the field is reviewed, presenting a broad coverage of the different types of photodetectors that have been realized with CNTs, placing particular emphasis on the types of mechanisms that govern their operation. A comparative summary is presented of the main performance metrics for such detectors, and an outlook for performance improvements. C1 [He, Xiaowei; Kono, Junichiro] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Leonard, Francois] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leonard, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fleonar@sandia.gov; kono@rice.edu FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science under the National Institute for Nano Engineering (NINE) at Sandia National Laboratories; Lockheed-Martin Rice University LANCER Program; DOE BES [DE-FG02-06ER46308]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1509]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science under the National Institute for Nano Engineering (NINE) at Sandia National Laboratories, and by the Lockheed-Martin Rice University LANCER Program. X.H. and J.K. were supported by DOE BES DE-FG02-06ER46308 (preparation and teraherz/infrared characterization of aligned carbon nanotubes) and the Robert A. Welch Foundation Grant No. C-1509 (detector fabrication). Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 161 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 27 U2 117 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2195-1071 J9 ADV OPT MATER JI Adv. Opt. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 3 IS 8 BP 989 EP 1011 DI 10.1002/adom.201500237 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CQ0SW UT WOS:000360308300002 ER PT J AU Clark, B McCollum, J Pantoya, ML Heaps, RJ Daniels, MA AF Clark, Billy McCollum, Jena Pantoya, Michelle L. Heaps, Ronald J. Daniels, Michael A. TI Development of flexible, free-standing, thin films for additive manufacturing and localized energy generation SO AIP ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID AL/CUO NANOSCALE THERMITE; PROPAGATION; COMBUSTION; ALUMINUM; PRESSURE AB Film energetics are becoming increasingly popular because a variety of technologies are driving a need for localized energy generation in a stable, safe and flexible form. Aluminum (Al) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) composites were mixed into a silicon binder and extruded using a blade casting technique to form flexible free-standing films ideal for localized energy generation. Since this material can be extruded onto a surface it is well suited to additive manufacturing applications. This study examines the influence of 0-35% by mass potassium perchlorate (KClO4) additive on the combustion behavior of these energetic films. Without KClO4 the film exhibits thermal instabilities that produce unsteady energy propagation upon reaction. All films were cast at a thickness of 1 mm with constant volume percent solids to ensure consistent rheological properties. The films were ignited and flame propagation was measured. The results show that as the mass percent KClO4 increased, the flame speed increased and peaked at 0.43 cm/s and 30 wt% KClO4. Thermochemical equilibrium simulations show that the heat of combustion increases with increasing KClO4 concentration up to a maximum at 20 wt% when the heat of combustion plateaus, indicating that the increased chemical energy liberated by the additional KClO4 promotes stable energy propagation. Differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis show that the silicone binder participates as a fuel and reacts with KClO4 adding energy to the reaction and promoting propagation. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Clark, Billy; McCollum, Jena; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Heaps, Ronald J.; Daniels, Michael A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0439, W911NF-14-1-025-]; Idaho National Laboratory FX The authors are grateful for support from the Army Research Office contract number W911NF-11-1-0439 & W911NF-14-1-025- and encouragement from our program manager, Dr. Ralph Anthenien. Idaho National Laboratory is also gratefully acknowledged for supporting this collaborative work with internal funds via the LDRD program. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2158-3226 J9 AIP ADV JI AIP Adv. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 AR 087128 DI 10.1063/1.4928570 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ5OW UT WOS:000360655900037 ER PT J AU Liu, HQ Li, LY Scofield, ME Wong, SS AF Liu, Haiqing Li, Luyao Scofield, Megan E. Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Research Update: Synthesis, properties, and applications of ultrathin metallic nanowires and associated heterostructures SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; TELLURIUM NANOWIRES; SCALE SYNTHESIS; GOLD NANOWIRES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FACILE SYNTHESIS; OXIDE NANOWIRES; ASPECT-RATIO AB The properties of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured materials can change considerably and unexpectedly, when their diameters attain the "ultrathin" level, i.e., below 10 nm. Herein, we have summarized recent developments associated with not only the synthesis but also more importantly, the applications of ultrathin 1D nanowires. Specifically, various classes of ultrathin metallic nanowires have been shown to be excellent, high-performing structural motifs for electrocatalysts, superconducting materials, electrical devices, and nano-sized pressure sensors. Moreover, the fabrication of ultrathin-based 0D-1D, 1D-1D, and 1D-2D composite hybrid structures may represent one of the most promising designs for novel architectures in energy storage and conversion, photovoltaic devices, photoconductivity, and photoelectrocatalysis. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Liu, Haiqing; Li, Luyao; Scofield, Megan E.; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM stanislaus.wong@stonybrook.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-SC-00112704]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX Research funding for all authors was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, related to our studies, writing, and analyses conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and DE-SC-00112704. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 38 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 3 IS 8 AR 080701 DI 10.1063/1.4927797 PG 15 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ5PE UT WOS:000360656800001 ER PT J AU Wang, WB Yang, F Gao, CL Jia, JF Gu, GD Wu, WD AF Wang, Wenbo Yang, Fang Gao, Chunlei Jia, Jinfeng Gu, G. D. Wu, Weida TI Visualizing ferromagnetic domains in magnetic topological insulators SO APL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HGTE QUANTUM-WELLS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; STATE AB We report a systematic study of ferromagnetic domains in both single-crystal and thin-film specimens of magnetic topological insulators Cr doped (Bi0.1Sb0.9)(2)Te-3 using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The temperature and field dependences of MFM and in situ resistance data are consistent with previous bulk transport and magnetic characterization. Bubble-like ferromagnetic domains were observed in both single crystals and thin films. Significantly, smaller domain size (similar to 500 nm) with narrower domain wall (similar to 150 - 300 nm) was observed in thin films of magnetic topological insulators, likely due to vertical confinement effect. These results suggest that thin films are more promising for visualization of chiral edge states. (C) 2015 Author(s). C1 [Wang, Wenbo; Wu, Weida] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Yang, Fang; Gao, Chunlei; Jia, Jinfeng] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Key Lab Artificial Struct & Quantum Control, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Gao, Chunlei; Jia, Jinfeng] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Gu, G. D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, WD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM wdwu@physics.rutgers.edu FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008147, DE-SC00112704]; MOST of China [2012CB927401, 2013CB921902]; NSFC [11374206, 11227404] FX We thank S.-W. Cheong for using his multi-mode AFM for MFM tip characterization. Work at Rutgers is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-SC0008147. The work in SJTU was supported by the MOST of China (Nos. 2012CB927401 and 2013CB921902) and NSFC (Nos. 11374206 and 11227404). Work at Brookhaven is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-SC00112704. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 2166-532X J9 APL MATER JI APL Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 3 IS 8 AR 083301 DI 10.1063/1.4921093 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CQ5PE UT WOS:000360656800004 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aghanim, N Arnaud, M Ashdown, M Aumont, J Baccigalupi, C Banday, AJ Barreiro, RB Battaner, E Benabed, K Benoit-Levy, A Bernard, JP Bersanelli, M Bielewicz, P Bond, JR Borrill, J Bouchet, FR Burigana, C Butler, RC Calabrese, E Chamballu, A Chiang, HC Christensen, PR Clements, DL Colombo, LPL Couchot, F Curto, A Cuttaia, F Danese, L Davies, RD Davis, RJ de Bernardis, P de Rosa, A de Zotti, G Delabrouille, J Diego, JM Dole, H Dore, O Dupac, X Ensslin, TA Eriksen, HK Fabre, O Finelli, F Forni, O Frailis, M Franceschi, E Galeotta, S Galli, S Ganga, K Giard, M Gonzalez-Nuevo, J Gorski, KM Gregorio, A Gruppuso, A Hansen, FK Hanson, D Harrison, DL Henrot-Versille, S Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Herranz, D Hildebrandt, SR Hivon, E Hobson, M Holmes, WA Hornstrup, A Hovest, W Huffenberger, KM Jaffe, AH Jones, WC Keihanen, E Keskitalo, R Kneissl, R Knoche, J Kunz, M Kurki-Suonio, H Lamarre, JM Lasenby, A Lawrence, CR Leonardi, R Lesgourgues, J Liguori, M Lilje, PB Linden-Vornle, M Lopez-Caniego, M Lubin, PM Macias-Perez, JF Mandolesi, N Maris, M Martin, PG Martinez-Gonzalez, E Masi, S Matarrese, S Mazzotta, P Meinhold, PR Melchiorri, A Mendes, L Menegoni, E Mennella, A Migliaccio, M Miville-Deschenes, MA Moneti, A Montier, L Morgante, G Moss, A Munshi, D Murphy, JA Naselsky, P Nati, F Natoli, P Norgaard-Nielsen, HU Noviello, F Novikov, D Novikov, I Oxborrow, CA Pagano, L Pajot, F Paoletti, D Pasian, F Patanchon, G Perdereau, O Perotto, L Perrotta, F Piacentini, F Piat, M Pierpaoli, E Pietrobon, D Plaszczynski, S Pointecouteau, E Polenta, G Ponthieu, N Popa, L Pratt, GW Prunet, S Rachen, JP Rebolo, R Reinecke, M Remazeilles, M Renault, C Ricciardi, S Ristorcelli, I Rocha, G Roudier, G Rusholme, B Sandri, M Savini, G Scott, D Spencer, LD Stolyarov, V Sudiwala, R Sutton, D Suur-Uski, AS Sygnet, JF Tauber, JA Tavagnacco, D Terenzi, L Toffolatti, L Tomasi, M Tristram, M Tucci, M Uzan, JP Valenziano, L Valiviita, J Van Tent, B Vielva, P Villa, F Wade, LA Yvon, D Zacchei, A Zonca, A AF Ade, P. A. R. Aghanim, N. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, M. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A. J. Barreiro, R. B. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoit-Levy, A. Bernard, J. -P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Bouchet, F. R. Burigana, C. Butler, R. C. Calabrese, E. Chamballu, A. Chiang, H. C. Christensen, P. R. Clements, D. L. Colombo, L. P. L. Couchot, F. Curto, A. Cuttaia, F. Danese, L. Davies, R. D. Davis, R. J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Diego, J. M. Dole, H. Dore, O. Dupac, X. Ensslin, T. A. Eriksen, H. K. Fabre, O. Finelli, F. Forni, O. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Galeotta, S. Galli, S. Ganga, K. Giard, M. Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. Gorski, K. M. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Hansen, F. K. Hanson, D. Harrison, D. L. Henrot-Versille, S. Hernandez-Monteagudo, C. Herranz, D. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hivon, E. Hobson, M. Holmes, W. A. Hornstrup, A. Hovest, W. Huffenberger, K. M. Jaffe, A. H. Jones, W. C. Keihaenen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kneissl, R. Knoche, J. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lamarre, J. -M. Lasenby, A. Lawrence, C. R. Leonardi, R. Lesgourgues, J. Liguori, M. Lilje, P. B. Linden-Vornle, M. Lopez-Caniego, M. Lubin, P. M. Macias-Perez, J. F. Mandolesi, N. Maris, M. Martin, P. G. Martinez-Gonzalez, E. Masi, S. Matarrese, S. Mazzotta, P. Meinhold, P. R. Melchiorri, A. Mendes, L. Menegoni, E. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Miville-Deschenes, M. -A. Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Moss, A. Munshi, D. Murphy, J. A. Naselsky, P. Nati, F. Natoli, P. Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. Oxborrow, C. A. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Paoletti, D. Pasian, F. Patanchon, G. Perdereau, O. Perotto, L. Perrotta, F. Piacentini, F. Piat, M. Pierpaoli, E. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Ponthieu, N. Popa, L. Pratt, G. W. Prunet, S. Rachen, J. P. Rebolo, R. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Renault, C. Ricciardi, S. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Roudier, G. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Savini, G. Scott, D. Spencer, L. D. Stolyarov, V. Sudiwala, R. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A. -S. Sygnet, J. -F. Tauber, J. A. Tavagnacco, D. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, L. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, M. Uzan, J. -P. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Vielva, P. Villa, F. Wade, L. A. Yvon, D. Zacchei, A. Zonca, A. CA Planck Collaboration TI Planck intermediate results XXIV. Constraints on variations in fundamental constants SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; cosmic background radiation; cosmological parameters; atomic data ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; BARYON ACOUSTIC-OSCILLATIONS; TIME-VARIATION; PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; ANALYTIC APPROACH; HUBBLE CONSTANT; ALPHA; COSMOLOGY; UNIVERSE AB Any variation in the fundamental physical constants, more particularly in the fine structure constant, a, or in the mass of the electron, me, affects the recombination history of the Universe and cause an imprint on the cosmic microwave background angular power spectra. We show that the Planck data allow one to improve the constraint on the time variation of the fine structure constant at redshift z - 10(3) by about a factor of 5 compared to WMAP data, as well as to break the degeneracy with the Hubble constant, H-0. In addition to a, we can set a constraint on the variation in the mass of the electron, me, and in the simultaneous variation of the two constants. We examine in detail the degeneracies between fundamental constants and the cosmological parameters, in order to compare the limits obtained from Planck and WMAP and to determine the constraining power gained by including other cosmological probes. We conclude that independent time variations of the fine structure constant and of the mass of the electron are constrained by Planck to Delta alpha/alpha = (3.6 +/- 3.7) x 10(-3) and Delta m(e)/m(e) = (4 +/- 11) x 10(-3) at the 68% confidence level. We also investigate the possibility of a spatial variation of the fine structure constant. The relative amplitude of a dipolar spatial variation in a (corresponding to a gradient across our Hubble volume) is constrained to be delta alpha/alpha = (-2.4 +/- 3.7) x 10(-2). C1 [Delabrouille, J.; Ganga, K.; Patanchon, G.; Piat, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Roudier, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, Observ Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS IN2P3,CEA IRFU, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Kunz, M.] African Inst Math Sci, ZA-7950 Cape Town, South Africa. [Natoli, P.; Polenta, G.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mandolesi, N.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Ashdown, M.; Curto, A.; Hobson, M.; Lasenby, A.; Stolyarov, V.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Kneissl, R.] ALMA Santiago Cent Off, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Santiago, Chile. [Bond, J. R.; Hanson, D.; Martin, P. G.; Miville-Deschenes, M. -A.] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Banday, A. J.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bielewicz, P.; Forni, O.; Giard, M.; Montier, L.; Pointecouteau, E.; Ristorcelli, I.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Dore, O.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Rocha, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.] CEFCA, Teruel 44001, Spain. [Borrill, J.; Keskitalo, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rebolo, R.] CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Chamballu, A.; Yvon, D.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hornstrup, A.; Linden-Vornle, M.; Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Oxborrow, C. A.] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Space Inst, DTU Space, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Kunz, M.; Tucci, M.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Toffolatti, L.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain. [Rachen, J. P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys, IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Scott, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Colombo, L. P. L.; Pierpaoli, E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Phys & Astron, Dana & David Dornsife Coll Letter Arts & Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Benoit-Levy, A.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Huffenberger, K. M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Keihaenen, E.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Suur-Uski, A. -S.; Valiviita, J.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Chiang, H. C.; Jones, W. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lubin, P. M.; Meinhold, P. R.; Zonca, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Liguori, M.; Matarrese, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis & Astron G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Burigana, C.; Mandolesi, N.; Natoli, P.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis & Sci Terra, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy. [de Bernardis, P.; Masi, S.; Melchiorri, A.; Nati, F.; Pagano, L.; Piacentini, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bersanelli, M.; Mennella, A.; Tomasi, M.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Gregorio, A.; Tavagnacco, D.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy. [Mazzotta, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Christensen, P. R.; Naselsky, P.] Niels Bohr Inst, Discovery Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Rebolo, R.] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain. [Kneissl, R.] ESO Vitacura, European So Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Dupac, X.; Leonardi, R.; Mendes, L.] European Space Agcy, ESAC, Planck Sci Off, Madrid, Spain. [Tauber, J. A.] European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2201 Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Kurki-Suonio, H.; Suur-Uski, A. -S.; Valiviita, J.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [de Zotti, G.] Osserv Astron Padova, INAF, Padua, Italy. [Polenta, G.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Frailis, M.; Galeotta, S.; Gregorio, A.; Maris, M.; Pasian, F.; Tavagnacco, D.; Zacchei, A.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [Burigana, C.; Butler, R. C.; Cuttaia, F.; de Rosa, A.; Finelli, F.; Franceschi, E.; Gruppuso, A.; Mandolesi, N.; Morgante, G.; Natoli, P.; Paoletti, D.; Ricciardi, S.; Sandri, M.; Terenzi, L.; Valenziano, L.; Villa, F.] INAF IASF Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bersanelli, M.; Mennella, A.; Tomasi, M.] INAF IASF Milano, Milan, Italy. [Finelli, F.; Paoletti, D.] INFN, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Melchiorri, A.; Pagano, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFN, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Gregorio, A.] INFN Natl Inst Nucl Phys, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Ponthieu, N.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, INSU, IPAG,UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Clements, D. L.; Jaffe, A. H.; Novikov, D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Rusholme, B.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dole, H.] Inst Univ France, F-75005 Paris, France. [Aghanim, N.; Aumont, J.; Chamballu, A.; Dole, H.; Kunz, M.; Miville-Deschenes, M. -A.; Pajot, F.; Ponthieu, N.; Remazeilles, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Benabed, K.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Bouchet, F. R.; Fabre, O.; Galli, S.; Hivon, E.; Moneti, A.; Prunet, S.; Sygnet, J. -F.; Uzan, J. -P.] Inst Astrophys, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Popa, L.] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest, Romania. [Harrison, D. L.; Migliaccio, M.; Sutton, D.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Eriksen, H. K.; Hansen, F. K.; Lilje, P. B.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, Oslo, Norway. [Rebolo, R.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. [Barreiro, R. B.; Curto, A.; Diego, J. M.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Herranz, D.; Lopez-Caniego, M.; Martinez-Gonzalez, E.; Toffolatti, L.; Vielva, P.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Colombo, L. P. L.; Dore, O.; Gorski, K. M.; Hanson, D.; Holmes, W. A.; Lawrence, C. R.; Pietrobon, D.; Rocha, G.; Roudier, G.; Wade, L. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Davies, R. D.; Davis, R. J.; Noviello, F.; Remazeilles, M.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ashdown, M.; Harrison, D. L.; Lasenby, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Stolyarov, V.; Sutton, D.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Couchot, F.; Henrot-Versille, S.; Perdereau, O.; Plaszczynski, S.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Lamarre, J. -M.; Roudier, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Arnaud, M.; Chamballu, A.; Pratt, G. W.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab AIM,IRFU,Serv Astrophys,CEA,DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Menegoni, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, CNRS, LUTh,UMR 8102, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Macias-Perez, J. F.; Perotto, L.; Renault, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS, IN2P3,Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, F-38026 St Martin Dheres, France. [Van Tent, B.] Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Van Tent, B.] CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Ensslin, T. A.; Hernandez-Monteagudo, C.; Hovest, W.; Knoche, J.; Rachen, J. P.; Reinecke, M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hanson, D.] McGill Univ, McGill Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Murphy, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Expt Phys, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Christensen, P. R.; Naselsky, P.; Novikov, I.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Savini, G.] UCL, Opt Sci Lab, London, England. [Lesgourgues, J.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, LPPC, ITP, SB, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Baccigalupi, C.; Bielewicz, P.; Danese, L.; de Zotti, G.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Perrotta, F.] SISSA, Astrophys Sect, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Ade, P. A. R.; Munshi, D.; Spencer, L. D.; Sudiwala, R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Moss, A.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Borrill, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stolyarov, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 369167, Zelenchukskiy R, Russia. [Calabrese, E.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Lesgourgues, J.] CERN, PH TH, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Benabed, K.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Bouchet, F. R.; Hivon, E.; Prunet, S.; Uzan, J. -P.] Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Banday, A. J.; Bernard, J. -P.; Bielewicz, P.; Forni, O.; Giard, M.; Montier, L.; Pointecouteau, E.; Ristorcelli, I.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Battaner, E.] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, Granada, Spain. [Battaner, E.] Univ Granada, Inst Carlos Fis Teor & Computac 1, Granada, Spain. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Rocha, G (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM graca.m.rocha@jpl.nasa.gov RI Vielva, Patricio/F-6745-2014; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/M-4695-2013; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/E-9534-2015; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/I-3562-2014; Stolyarov, Vladislav/C-5656-2017; Barreiro, Rita Belen/N-5442-2014; Butler, Reginald/N-4647-2015; Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015; Colombo, Loris/J-2415-2016; popa, lucia/B-4718-2012; Toffolatti, Luigi/K-5070-2014; Gruppuso, Alessandro/N-5592-2015; Herranz, Diego/K-9143-2014; Novikov, Dmitry/P-1807-2015; Valiviita, Jussi/A-9058-2016; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/B-8502-2016; Tomasi, Maurizio/I-1234-2016; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; Remazeilles, Mathieu/N-1793-2015; OI Vielva, Patricio/0000-0003-0051-272X; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/0000-0002-0179-8590; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/0000-0003-1354-6822; Stolyarov, Vladislav/0000-0001-8151-828X; Barreiro, Rita Belen/0000-0002-6139-4272; Maris, Michele/0000-0001-9442-2754; De Zotti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-2868-2595; Butler, Reginald/0000-0003-4366-5996; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/0000-0003-1016-9283; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; Colombo, Loris/0000-0003-4572-7732; Toffolatti, Luigi/0000-0003-2645-7386; Gruppuso, Alessandro/0000-0001-9272-5292; Herranz, Diego/0000-0003-4540-1417; Valiviita, Jussi/0000-0001-6225-3693; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/0000-0002-4618-3063; Tomasi, Maurizio/0000-0002-1448-6131; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Paoletti, Daniela/0000-0003-4761-6147; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416; Pierpaoli, Elena/0000-0002-7957-8993; TERENZI, LUCA/0000-0001-9915-6379; Zacchei, Andrea/0000-0003-0396-1192; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; Lilje, Per/0000-0003-4324-7794; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Sandri, Maura/0000-0003-4806-5375; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Burigana, Carlo/0000-0002-3005-5796; Bouchet, Francois/0000-0002-8051-2924; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Villa, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1798-861X; Cuttaia, Francesco/0000-0001-6608-5017; Morgante, Gianluca/0000-0001-9234-7412; Remazeilles, Mathieu/0000-0001-9126-6266; Franceschi, Enrico/0000-0002-0585-6591; Valenziano, Luca/0000-0002-1170-0104; Matarrese, Sabino/0000-0002-2573-1243; Galeotta, Samuele/0000-0002-3748-5115; Pasian, Fabio/0000-0002-4869-3227; Finelli, Fabio/0000-0002-6694-3269 FU French state funds [ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02]; ANR VACOUL FX The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN, LA., and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, including the technical or scientific activities in which they have been involved, can be found at http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php? project=planck&page=Planck_Collaboration. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix package. We thank Alain Coc and Elisabeth Vangioni for discussions and S. Rouberol for running the horizon cluster, where some of the computations were performed. Some of this work was carried out at the ILP LABEX (under reference ANR-10-LABX-63) and was supported by French state funds managed by the ANR within the Investissements d'Avenir programme under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02 and by the ANR VACOUL. This work was made possible thanks to the ANR Chaire d'Excellence ANR-10-CEXC-004-01. NR 116 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 17 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 580 AR A22 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424496 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CP6TD UT WOS:000360020200022 ER PT J AU Ade, PAR Aghanim, N Arnaud, M Ashdown, M Atrio-Barandela, F Aumont, J Baccigalupi, C Banday, AJ Barreiro, RB Battaner, E Benabed, K Benoit-Levy, A Bernard, JP Bersanelli, M Bielewicz, P Bobin, J Bonaldi, A Bond, JR Bouchet, FR Boulanger, F Burigana, C Cardoso, JF Catalano, A Chamballu, A Chiang, HC Christensen, PR Clements, DL Colombi, S Colombo, LPL Combet, C Couchot, F Crill, BP Cuttaia, F Danese, L Davies, RD Davis, RJ de Bernardis, P de Rosa, A de Zotti, G Delabrouille, J Dickinson, C Diego, JM Donzelli, S Dore, O Douspis, M Dupac, X Efstathiou, G Ensslin, TA Eriksen, K Finelli, F Forni, O Frailis, M Franceschi, E Galeotta, S Ganga, K Genova-Santos, RT Ghosh, T Giard, M Giardino, G Giraud-Heraud, Y Gonzalez-Nuevo, J Gorski, KM Gregorio, A Gruppuso, A Hansen, FK Harrison, DL Henrot-Versille, S Herranz, D Hildebrandt, SR Hivon, E Hobson, M Hornstrup, A Hovest, W Huffenberger, KM Jaffe, AH Jaffe, TR Jones, WC Keihanen, E Keskitalo, R Kisner, TS Kneissl, R Knoche, J Kunz, M Kurki-Suonio, H Lagache, G Lahteenmaki, A Lamarre, JM Lasenby, A Lawrence, CR Leonardi, R Liguori, M Lilje, PB Linden-Vornle, M Lopez-Caniego, M Lubin, PM Macias-Perez, F Maino, D Mandolesi, N Martin, PG Martinez-Gonzalez, E Masi, S Massardi, M Matarrese, S Mazzotta, P Meinhold, PR Melchiorri, A Mendes, L Mennella, A Migliaccio, M Mitra, S Miville-Deschenes, MA Moneti, A Montier, L Morgante, G Mortlock, D Munshi, D Murphy, JA Naselsky, P Nati, F Natoli, P Norgaard-Nielsen, HU Noviello, F Novikov, D Novikov, I Oxborrow, CA Pagano, L Pajot, F Paladini, R Paoletti, D Pasian, F Pearson, TJ Peel, M Perdereau, O Perrotta, F Piacentini, F Piat, M Pierpaoli, E Pietrobon, D Plaszczynski, S Pointecouteau, E Polenta, G Ponthieu, N Popa, L Pratt, GW Prunet, S Puget, JL Rachen, JP Reach, WT Rebolo, R Reich, W Reinecke, M Remazeilles, M Renault, C Ricciardi, S Riller, T Ristorcelli, I Rocha, G Rosset, C Roudier, G Rubino-Martin, JA Rusholme, B Sandri, M Savini, G Scott, D Spencer, LD Stolyarov, V Strong, AW Sutton, D Suur-Uski, AS Sygnet, F Tauber, JA Tavagnacco, D Terenzi, L Tibbs, CT Toffolatti, L Tomasi, M Tristram, M Tucci, M Valenziano, L Valiviita, J Van Tent, B Varis, J Vielva, P Villa, F Wade, LA Wandelt, BD Watson, R Yvon, D Zacchei, A Zonca, A AF Ade, P. A. R. Aghanim, N. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, M. Atrio-Barandela, F. Aumont, J. Baccigalupi, C. Banday, A. J. Barreiro, R. B. Battaner, E. Benabed, K. Benoit-Levy, A. Bernard, J-P. Bersanelli, M. Bielewicz, P. Bobin, J. Bonaldi, A. Bond, J. R. Bouchet, F. R. Boulanger, F. Burigana, C. Cardoso, J-F. Catalano, A. Chamballu, A. Chiang, H. C. Christensen, P. R. Clements, D. L. Colombi, S. Colombo, L. P. L. Combet, C. Couchot, F. Crill, B. P. Cuttaia, F. Danese, L. Davies, R. D. Davis, R. J. de Bernardis, P. de Rosa, A. de Zotti, G. Delabrouille, J. Dickinson, C. Diego, J. M. Donzelli, S. Dore, O. Douspis, M. Dupac, X. Efstathiou, G. Ensslin, T. A. Eriksen, K. Finelli, F. Forni, O. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Galeotta, S. Ganga, K. Genova-Santos, R. T. Ghosh, T. Giard, M. Giardino, G. Giraud-Heraud, Y. Gonzalez-Nuevo, J. Gorski, K. M. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, A. Hansen, F. K. Harrison, D. L. Henrot-Versille, S. Herranz, D. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hivon, E. Hobson, M. Hornstrup, A. Hovest, W. Huffenberger, K. M. Jaffe, A. H. Jaffe, T. R. Jones, W. C. Keihanen, E. Keskitalo, R. Kisner, T. S. Kneissl, R. Knoche, J. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lagache, G. Laehteenmaki, A. Lamarre, J-M. Lasenby, A. Lawrence, C. R. Leonardi, R. Liguori, M. Lilje, P. B. Linden-Vornle, M. Lopez-Caniego, M. Lubin, P. M. Macias-Perez, F. Maino, D. Mandolesi, N. Martin, P. G. Martinez-Gonzalez, E. Masi, S. Massardi, M. Matarrese, S. Mazzotta, P. Meinhold, P. R. Melchiorri, A. Mendes, L. Mennella, A. Migliaccio, M. Mitra, S. Miville-Deschenes, M-A Moneti, A. Montier, L. Morgante, G. Mortlock, D. Munshi, D. Murphy, J. A. Naselsky, P. Nati, F. Natoli, P. Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U. Noviello, F. Novikov, D. Novikov, I. Oxborrow, C. A. Pagano, L. Pajot, F. Paladini, R. Paoletti, D. Pasian, F. Pearson, T. J. Peel, M. Perdereau, O. Perrotta, F. Piacentini, F. Piat, M. Pierpaoli, E. Pietrobon, D. Plaszczynski, S. Pointecouteau, E. Polenta, G. Ponthieu, N. Popa, L. Pratt, G. W. Prunet, S. Puget, J-L. Rachen, J. P. Reach, W. T. Rebolo, R. Reich, W. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, M. Renault, C. Ricciardi, S. Riller, T. Ristorcelli, I. Rocha, G. Rosset, C. Roudier, G. Rubino-Martin, J. A. Rusholme, B. Sandri, M. Savini, G. Scott, D. Spencer, L. D. Stolyarov, V. Strong, A. W. Sutton, D. Suur-Uski, A-S. Sygnet, J-F. Tauber, J. A. Tavagnacco, D. Terenzi, L. Tibbs, C. T. Toffolatti, L. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, M. Valenziano, L. Valiviita, J. Van Tent, B. Varis, J. Vielva, P. Villa, F. Wade, L. A. Wandelt, B. D. Watson, R. Yvon, D. Zacchei, A. Zonca, A. CA Planck Collaboration TI Planck intermediate results XXIII. Galactic plane emission components derived from Planck with ancillary data SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM: general; Galaxy: general; radiation mechanisms: general; radio continuum: ISM; submillimeter: ISM; Galaxy: disk ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; RECOMBINATION LINE EMISSION; RADIO-CONTINUUM SURVEY; LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; PRE-LAUNCH STATUS; SPINNING DUST GRAINS; DIFFUSE IONIZED-GAS; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; MILKY-WAY; SYNCHROTRON EMISSION AB Planck data when combined with ancillary data provide a unique opportunity to separate the diffuse emission components of the inner Galaxy. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the morphology of the various emission components in the strong star-formation region lying inside the solar radius and to clarify the relationship between the various components. The region of the Galactic plane covered is 1 = 300 degrees -> 0 degrees -> 60 degrees where star-formation is highest and the emission is strong enough to make meaningful component separation. The latitude widths in this longitude range lie between 1 and 2, which correspond to FWHM z-widths of 100-200 pc at a typical distance of 6 kpc. The four emission components studied here are synchrotron, free-free, anomalous microwave emission (AME), and thermal (vibrational) dust emission. These components are identified by constructing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at positions along the Galactic plane using the wide frequency coverage of Planck (28.4-857 GHz) in combination with low-frequency radio data at 0.408-2.3 GHz plus WMAP data at 23-94 GHz, along with far-infrared (FIR) data from COBE-DIRBE and IRAS. The free-free component is determined from radio recombination line (RRL) data. AME is found to be comparable in brightness to the free-free emission on the Galactic plane in the frequency range 20-40 GHz with a width in latitude similar to that of the thermal dust; it comprises 45 +/- 1% of the total 28.4 GHz emission in the longitude range 1 = 300 degrees -> 0 degrees -> 60 degrees. The free-free component is the narrowest, reflecting the fact that it is produced by current star-formation as traced by the narrow distribution of OB stars. It is the dominant emission on the plane between 60 and 100 GHz. RRLs from this ionized gas are used to assess its distance, leading to a free-free z-width of FWHM approximate to 100 pc. The narrow synchrotron component has a low-frequency brightness spectral index beta(synch) approximate to -2.7 that is similar to the broad synchrotron component indicating that they are both populated by the cosmic ray electrons of the same spectral index. The width of this narrow synchrotron component is significantly larger than that of the other three components, suggesting that it is generated in an assembly of older supernova remnants that have expanded to sizes of order 150 pc in 3 x 10(5) yr; pulsars of a similar age have a similar spread in latitude. The thermal dust is identified in the SEDs with average parameters of T-dust = 20.4 +/- 0.4 K, beta(FIR) = 1.94 +/- 0.03 (>353 GHz), and beta(mm) = 1.67 +/- 0.02 (<353 GHz). The latitude distributions of gamma-rays, CO, and the emission in high-frequency Planck bands have similar widths, showing that they are all indicators of the total gaseous matter on the plane in the inner Galaxy. C1 [Cardoso, J-F.; Delabrouille, J.; Ganga, K.; Giraud-Heraud, Y.; Piat, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Rosset, C.; Roudier, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS IN2P3, Sorbonne Paris Cite, APC,CEA Irfu,Observatoire Paris, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Laehteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Laehteenmaki, A.] Aalto Univ, Dept Radio Sci & Engn, Aalto 00076, Finland. [Kunz, M.] African Inst Math Sci, ZA-7950 Cape Town, South Africa. [Natoli, P.; Polenta, G.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Sci Data Ctr, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mandolesi, N.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Ashdown, M.; Hobson, M.; Lasenby, A.; Stolyarov, V.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, ZA-4000 Durban, South Africa. [Kneissl, R.] ALMA Santiago Cent Off, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Santiago 0355, Chile. [Bond, J. R.; Martin, P. G.; Miville-Deschenes, M-A] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Banday, A. J.; Bernard, J-P.; Bielewicz, P.; Forni, O.; Giard, M.; Jaffe, T. R.; Montier, L.; Pointecouteau, E.; Ristorcelli, I.] IRAP, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Dore, O.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Pearson, T. J.; Rocha, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Keskitalo, R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 92093 USA. [Rebolo, R.] CSIC, Madrid, Spain. [Chamballu, A.; Yvon, D.] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Hornstrup, A.; Linden-Vornle, M.; Norgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; Oxborrow, C. A.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Space, Natl Space Inst, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Kunz, M.; Tucci, M.] Univ Geneva, Dept Phys Theor, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Atrio-Barandela, F.] Univ Salamanca, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Fundamental, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. [Toffolatti, L.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Fis, E-33007 Oviedo, Spain. [Rachen, J. P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Astrophys IMAPP, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Keskitalo, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Scott, D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Colombo, L. P. 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[de Zotti, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, I-35141 Padua, Italy. [Polenta, G.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Frailis, M.; Galeotta, S.; Gregorio, A.; Pasian, F.; Tavagnacco, D.; Zacchei, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [Massardi, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Burigana, C.; Cuttaia, F.; de Rosa, A.; Finelli, F.; Franceschi, E.; Gruppuso, A.; Mandolesi, N.; Morgante, G.; Natoli, P.; Paoletti, D.; Ricciardi, S.; Sandri, M.; Terenzi, L.; Valenziano, L.; Villa, F.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Bersanelli, M.; Donzelli, S.; Maino, D.; Mennella, A.; Tomasi, M.] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Finelli, F.; Paoletti, D.] INFN, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Melchiorri, A.; Pagano, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Sez Roma 1, INFN, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Gregorio, A.] INFN Natl Inst Nucl Phys, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Ponthieu, N.] Univ Grenoble 1, IPAG, CNRS INSU, UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Mitra, S.] IUCAA, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Clements, D. L.; Jaffe, A. H.; Mortlock, D.; Novikov, D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Benoit-Levy, A.; Paladini, R.; Pearson, T. J.; Rusholme, B.; Tibbs, C. T.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aghanim, N.; Aumont, J.; Boulanger, F.; Chamballu, A.; Douspis, M.; Ghosh, T.; Kunz, M.; Lagache, G.; Miville-Deschenes, M-A; Pajot, F.; Ponthieu, N.; Puget, J-L.; Remazeilles, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR8617, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Benabed, K.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Bouchet, F. R.; Cardoso, J-F.; Colombi, S.; Hivon, E.; Moneti, A.; Prunet, S.; Sygnet, J-F.; Wandelt, B. D.] CNRS, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Popa, L.] Inst Space Sci, Bucharest 077125, Romania. [Efstathiou, G.; Harrison, D. 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L.; Lasenby, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Stolyarov, V.; Sutton, D.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Couchot, F.; Henrot-Versille, S.; Perdereau, O.; Plaszczynski, S.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS IN2P3, LAL, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Catalano, A.; Lamarre, J-M.; Roudier, G.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Arnaud, M.; Bobin, J.; Chamballu, A.; Pratt, G. W.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, IRFU, Serv Astrophys,CEA,DSM,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Cardoso, J-F.] CNRS, UMR 5141, Lab Traitement & Commun Informat, F-75634 Paris 13, France. [Cardoso, J-F.] Telecom ParisTech, F-75634 Paris 13, France. [Catalano, A.; Combet, C.; Macias-Perez, F.; Renault, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS IN2P3, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Van Tent, B.] Univ Paris 11, Lab Phys Theor, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Kisner, T. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ensslin, T. A.; Hovest, W.; Knoche, J.; Rachen, J. P.; Reinecke, M.; Riller, T.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Strong, A. W.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Reich, W.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Varis, J.] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, MilliLab, Espoo 02044, Finland. [Murphy, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Expt Phys, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland. [Christensen, P. R.; Naselsky, P.; Novikov, I.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Crill, B. P.] CALTECH, Observat Cosmol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Savini, G.] UCL, Optic Sci Lab, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Baccigalupi, C.; Bielewicz, P.; Danese, L.; de Zotti, G.; Gonzalez-Nuevo, J.; Perrotta, F.] SISSA, Astrophys Sector, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. [Ade, P. A. R.; Munshi, D.; Spencer, L. D.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Stolyarov, V.] Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Karachai Cherkessian Rep 369167, Zelenchukskiy R, Russia. [Benabed, K.; Benoit-Levy, A.; Bouchet, F. R.; Colombi, S.; Hivon, E.; Prunet, S.; Wandelt, B. D.] Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Banday, A. J.; Bernard, J-P.; Bielewicz, P.; Forni, O.; Giard, M.; Jaffe, T. R.; Montier, L.; Pointecouteau, E.; Ristorcelli, I.] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Reach, W. T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Stratospher Observ Infrared Astron, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Battaner, E.] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Davies, RD (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Alan Turing Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM Rodney.Davies@manchester.ac.uk RI Remazeilles, Mathieu/N-1793-2015; Colombo, Loris/J-2415-2016; popa, lucia/B-4718-2012; Vielva, Patricio/F-6745-2014; Pearson, Timothy/N-2376-2015; Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/M-4695-2013; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/E-9534-2015; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/I-3562-2014; Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/A-7379-2017; Stolyarov, Vladislav/C-5656-2017; Barreiro, Rita Belen/N-5442-2014; Ghosh, Tuhin/E-6899-2016; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Tomasi, Maurizio/I-1234-2016; Nati, Federico/I-4469-2016; Novikov, Igor/N-5098-2015; Toffolatti, Luigi/K-5070-2014; Gruppuso, Alessandro/N-5592-2015; Herranz, Diego/K-9143-2014; Novikov, Dmitry/P-1807-2015; Valiviita, Jussi/A-9058-2016; Mazzotta, Pasquale/B-1225-2016; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/B-8502-2016; OI Lopez-Caniego, Marcos/0000-0003-1016-9283; Peel, Mike/0000-0003-3412-2586; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; Cuttaia, Francesco/0000-0001-6608-5017; Morgante, Gianluca/0000-0001-9234-7412; Remazeilles, Mathieu/0000-0001-9126-6266; Franceschi, Enrico/0000-0002-0585-6591; Valenziano, Luca/0000-0002-1170-0104; Colombo, Loris/0000-0003-4572-7732; Vielva, Patricio/0000-0003-0051-272X; Pearson, Timothy/0000-0001-5213-6231; Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique/0000-0002-0179-8590; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin/0000-0003-1354-6822; Atrio-Barandela, Fernando/0000-0002-2130-2513; Stolyarov, Vladislav/0000-0001-8151-828X; Barreiro, Rita Belen/0000-0002-6139-4272; De Zotti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-2868-2595; Tomasi, Maurizio/0000-0002-1448-6131; Nati, Federico/0000-0002-8307-5088; Toffolatti, Luigi/0000-0003-2645-7386; Gruppuso, Alessandro/0000-0001-9272-5292; Herranz, Diego/0000-0003-4540-1417; Valiviita, Jussi/0000-0001-6225-3693; Mazzotta, Pasquale/0000-0002-5411-1748; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/0000-0002-4618-3063; Pierpaoli, Elena/0000-0002-7957-8993; Watson, Robert/0000-0002-5873-0124; Zacchei, Andrea/0000-0003-0396-1192; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733; Lilje, Per/0000-0003-4324-7794; Paoletti, Daniela/0000-0003-4761-6147; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416; Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; Villa, Fabrizio/0000-0003-1798-861X; TERENZI, LUCA/0000-0001-9915-6379; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Matarrese, Sabino/0000-0002-2573-1243; Galeotta, Samuele/0000-0002-3748-5115; Pasian, Fabio/0000-0002-4869-3227; Finelli, Fabio/0000-0002-6694-3269; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Sandri, Maura/0000-0003-4806-5375; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Burigana, Carlo/0000-0002-3005-5796; Bouchet, Francois/0000-0002-8051-2924 FU NASA Office of Space Science; STFC [ST/L000768/1]; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)/ERC [267934, 307209] FX We acknowledge the use of the Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA); support for LAMBDA is provided by the NASA Office of Space Science. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix package The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN, JA and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU). The research leading to these results has received funding from an STFC Consolidated Grant (No. ST/L000768/1), as well as the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement Nos. 267934 and 307209. A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, including the technical or scientific activities in which they have been involved, can be found at http://www.sciops.esa.int/index.php? project=planck&page=Planck_Collaboration. NR 170 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 11 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 580 AR A13 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201424434 PG 27 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CP6TD UT WOS:000360020200013 ER PT J AU Viallet, M Meakin, C Prat, V Arnett, D AF Viallet, M. Meakin, C. Prat, V. Arnett, D. TI Toward a consistent use of overshooting parametrizations in 1D stellar evolution codes SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: evolution; stars: interiors; hydrodynamics; convection; turbulence ID TURBULENT COMPRESSIBLE CONVECTION; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; RED-GIANT BRANCH; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; PULSATING STARS; CORE; MODEL; PENETRATION; FLASH; ZONE AB Several parametrizations for overshooting in 1D stellar evolution calculations coexist in the literature. These parametrizations are used somewhat arbitrarily in stellar evolution codes, based on what works best for a given problem or even for the historical reasons related to the development of each code. We point out that these different parametrizations correspond to different physical regimes of overshooting, depending on whether the effects of radiation are dominant, marginal, or negligible. Our analysis is based on previously published theoretical results, as well as on multidimensional hydrodynamical simulations of stellar convection where the interaction between the convective region and a stably stratified region is observed. Although the underlying hydrodynamical processes are the same, the outcome of the overshooting process is profoundly affected by radiative effects. Using a simple picture of the scales involved in the overshooting process, we show how three regimes are obtained, depending on the importance of radiative effects. These three regimes correspond to the different behaviors observed in hydrodynamical simulations so far and to the three types of parametrizations used in 1D codes. We suggest that the existing parametrizations for overshooting should coexist in 1D stellar evolution codes and should be applied consistently at convective boundaries depending on the local physical conditions. C1 [Viallet, M.; Prat, V.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Meakin, C.; Arnett, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Meakin, C.] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Meakin, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Viallet, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. EM mviallet@mpa-garching.mpg.de FU European Research Council [341157-COCO2CASA]; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575]; NSF at the University of Arizona [1107445] FX This work is supported by the European Research Council through grant ERC-AdG No. 341157-COCO2CASA. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number OCI-1053575. C.M. and WDA acknowledge support from NSF grant 1107445 at the University of Arizona. M.V. and V.P. thank Francois Lignieres for enlightening discussions. We thank Marcelo Miller Bertolami, Achim Weiss, and Simon Campbell for useful comments on an earlier draft, and Bernd Freytag for pointing out the relevant figures in his thesis. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 580 AR A61 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526294 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CP6TD UT WOS:000360020200061 ER PT J AU Walczak, P Fontes, CJ Colgan, J Kilcrease, DP Guzik, JA AF Walczak, Przemyslaw Fontes, Christopher J. Colgan, James Kilcrease, David P. Guzik, Joyce A. TI Wider pulsation instability regions for beta Cephei and SPB stars calculated using new Los Alamos opacities SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE asteroseismology; atomic data; opacity; stars: oscillations ID STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS MESA; LIGHT-ELEMENT OPACITIES; MODE-IDENTIFICATION; MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; EXCITATION; MIXTURE; MODULES AB Aims. Our goal is to test the newly developed OPLIB opacity tables from Los Alamos National Laboratory and check their influence on the pulsation properties of B-type stars. Methods. We calculated models using MESA and Dziembowski codes for stellar evolution and linear, nonadiabatic pulsations, respectively. We derived the instability domains of beta Cephei and SPB-types for different opacity tables OPLIB, OP, and OPAL. Results. The new OPLIB opacities have the highest Rosseland mean opacity coefficient near the so-called Z-bump. Therefore, the OPLIB instability domains are wider than in the case of OP and OPAL data. C1 [Walczak, Przemyslaw] Uniwersytet Wroclawski, Inst Astron, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. [Fontes, Christopher J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Colgan, James; Kilcrease, David P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guzik, Joyce A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Design Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Walczak, P (reprint author), Uniwersytet Wroclawski, Inst Astron, PL-51622 Wroclaw, Poland. EM walczak@astro.uni.wroc.pl FU European Community [269194]; US DoE by Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 269194 and also under the auspices of the US DoE by Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 EI 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 580 AR L9 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201526824 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CP6TD UT WOS:000360020200154 ER PT J AU Moseley, D Yates, KA Branford, WR Sefat, AS Mandrus, D Stuard, SJ Salem-Sugui, S Ghivelder, L Cohen, LF AF Moseley, D. Yates, K. A. Branford, W. R. Sefat, A. S. Mandrus, D. Stuard, S. J. Salem-Sugui, S. Ghivelder, L. Cohen, L. F. TI Signatures of filamentary superconductivity in antiferromagnetic BaFe2As2 single crystals SO EPL LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we present ac susceptibility and magnetotransport measurements on aged single crystals of the ferropnictide parent compound, BaFe2As2 with a paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic transition temperature of 134 K. The ac susceptibility shows the clear onset of a partial diamagnetic response with an onset temperature, commensurate with a subtle downturn in resistivity at approximately 20 K. Below 20K the magnetotransport shows in-plane anisotropy, magnetic-field history dependence and a hysteretic signature. Above 20K the crystals show the widely reported high-field linear magnetoresistance. An enhanced noise signature in ac susceptibility is observed above 20 K, which varies in character with amplitude and frequency of the ac signal. The hysteresis in magnetoresistance and the observed sensitivity of the superconducting phase to the amplitude of the ac signal are indicative characteristics of granular or weakly linked filamentary superconductivity. These features taken together with the observed noise signature above T-c suggests a link between the formation of the superconducting filamentary phase and the freezing of antiphase domain walls, known to exist in these materials. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2015 C1 [Moseley, D.; Yates, K. A.; Branford, W. R.; Cohen, L. F.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Sefat, A. S.; Mandrus, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mandrus, D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stuard, S. J.; Salem-Sugui, S.; Ghivelder, L.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Moseley, D (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM l.cohen@imperial.ac.uk RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division; UK funding agency the EPSRC [EP/H040048/1]; Science Without Borders CAPES [CSF-PVE's - 88887.063730/2014-00]; FAPERJ; CNPq; Fulbright FX The work of ASS at ORNL was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. LFC and KAY acknowledge support from the UK funding agency the EPSRC Grant No. EP/H040048/1, LFC acknowledges support from the Science Without Borders CAPES grant CSF-PVE's - 88887.063730/2014-00. LG and SSS were supported by the Brazilian agencies FAPERJ and CNPq. SJS was supported by Fulbright. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD AUG PY 2015 VL 111 IS 3 AR 37005 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/111/37005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CQ8BE UT WOS:000360830300024 ER PT J AU Qi, JJ Pfenninger, S AF Qi, Junjian Pfenninger, Stefan TI Controlling the self-organizing dynamics in a sandpile model on complex networks by failure tolerance SO EPL LA English DT Article ID CRITICALITY AB In this paper, we propose a strategy to control the self-organizing dynamics of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld (BTW) sandpile model on complex networks by allowing some degree of failure tolerance for the nodes and introducing additional active dissipation while taking the risk of possible node damage. We show that the probability for large cascades significantly increases or decreases respectively when the risk for node damage outweighs the active dissipation and when the active dissipation outweighs the risk for node damage. By considering the potential additional risk from node damage, a non-trivial optimal active dissipation control strategy which minimizes the total cost in the system can be obtained. Under some conditions the introduced control strategy can decrease the total cost in the system compared to the uncontrolled model. Moreover, when the probability of damaging a node experiencing failure tolerance is greater than the critical value, then no matter how successful the active dissipation control is, the total cost of the system will have to increase. This critical damage probability can be used as an indicator of the robustness of a network or system. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2015 C1 [Qi, Junjian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Pfenninger, Stefan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, England. [Pfenninger, Stefan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Grantham Inst, London, England. RP Qi, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RI Qi, Junjian/F-9848-2013; OI Qi, Junjian/0000-0002-4043-9427; Pfenninger, Stefan/0000-0002-8420-9498 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank the Santa Fe Institute for organizing the 2014 Complex Systems Summer School, which made possible the collaboration resulting in this paper. We also thank ALI KHARRAZI (University of Tokyo), CECILIA S. ANDREAZZI (University of Sao Paulo), and THOMAS MCANDREW (University of Vermont) for valuable discussions. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD AUG PY 2015 VL 111 IS 3 AR 38006 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/111/38006 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CQ8BE UT WOS:000360830300034 ER PT J AU Um, ES Commer, M Newman, GA Hoversten, GM AF Um, Evan Schankee Commer, Michael Newman, Gregory A. Hoversten, G. Michael TI Finite element modelling of transient electromagnetic fields near steel-cased wells SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical approximations and analysis; Downhole methods; Electromagnetic theory ID BOREHOLE; DIFFUSION AB Wells and boreholes are routinely steel-cased in oil and gas fields and geological storage sites. There have been a number of studies on the effects of a steel-cased well on various electrical and electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods. In this paper, we examine the use of a steel-cased well as a virtual vertical electric source for sensing deep localized resistive (e.g. CO2, oil and gas) and conductive (e.g. conductive-proppant-filled fractures) targets when concentric electric sources are grounded around the collar of the well. To simulate the casing effects, we present a 3-D finite-element time-domain (FETD) algorithm with tetrahedral elements. The FETD algorithm is designed to reduce memory usage in adaptive time stepping by utilizing parallel direct and iterative solvers appropriately together. To avoid a larger number of tiny elements required for discretizing a thin wall of the casing, the hollow casing is approximated with a rectangular prism. By not discretizing the thin wall of and the curvature of the round casing, the approximation not only reduces the number of unknowns by an order of magnitude but also improves overall mesh qualities. We show that surface EM responses over the hollow casing and the prism are practically the same. Through FETD modelling of a rectangular prism as an approximation of a steel casing, we demonstrate that a steel casing can serve as a conduit through which a high concentration of electrical currents can flow downward from the surface, interact with deep localized reservoirs/fractures and produce a measurable perturbation in the surface EM fields. Concentric electric sources can further improve both the sensitivity to the deep targets and the overall magnitude of surface EM fields. C1 [Um, Evan Schankee; Commer, Michael; Newman, Gregory A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Geophys, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hoversten, G. Michael] Chevron Energy Technol Co, CoRE Leveraged Res, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. RP Um, ES (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Geophys, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM esum@lbl.gov RI Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015; Commer, Michael/G-3350-2015; Um, Evan/E-9414-2015 OI Commer, Michael/0000-0003-0015-9217; FU Chevron Energy Technology Company FX This work was carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was funded by Chevron Energy Technology Company. We thank the editor Dr Ute Weckmann (Helmholtz-Zentrum), the reviewer Dr Stefan Helwig (PetroMarker) and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that helped us to improve the paper. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 901 EP 913 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv193 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DX UT WOS:000360624600015 ER PT J AU Wu, CQ Guyer, R Shelly, D Trugman, D Frank, W Gomberg, J Johnson, P AF Wu, Chunquan Guyer, Robert Shelly, David Trugman, Daniel Frank, William Gomberg, Joan Johnson, Paul TI Spatial-temporal variation of low-frequency earthquake bursts near Parkfield, California SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Seismicity and tectonics; Continental margins: transform; North America ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; SILENT SLIP; TREMOR; SUBDUCTION; RECURRENCE; EVOLUTION; GUERRERO; CASCADIA; BENEATH; MEXICO AB Tectonic tremor (TT) and low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) have been found in the deeper crust of various tectonic environments globally in the last decade. The spatial-temporal behaviour of LFEs provides insight into deep fault zone processes. In this study, we examine recurrence times from a 12-yr catalogue of 88 LFE families with similar to 730 000 LFEs in the vicinity of the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) in central California. We apply an automatic burst detection algorithm to the LFE recurrence times to identify the clustering behaviour of LFEs (LFE bursts) in each family. We find that the burst behaviours in the northern and southern LFE groups differ. Generally, the northern group has longer burst duration but fewer LFEs per burst, while the southern group has shorter burst duration but more LFEs per burst. The southern group LFE bursts are generally more correlated than the northern group, suggesting more coherent deep fault slip and relatively simpler deep fault structure beneath the locked section of SAF. We also found that the 2004 Parkfield earthquake clearly increased the number of LFEs per burst and average burst duration for both the northern and the southern groups, with a relatively larger effect on the northern group. This could be due to the weakness of northern part of the fault, or the northwesterly rupture direction of the Parkfield earthquake. C1 [Wu, Chunquan; Johnson, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guyer, Robert] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Shelly, David] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Trugman, Daniel] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Frank, William] IPGP, Seismol Lab, Paris, France. [Gomberg, Joan] US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wu, CQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chunquanwu@gmail.com RI Frank, William/C-7249-2016 OI Frank, William/0000-0001-7892-3081 FU USGS; IPGP FX This research was supported by Institutional Support at Los Alamos National Lab (CW, RG, DT and PJ), USGS (DS and JG), and IPGP (WF). We thank Andrew Delorey and Eric Daub for helpful discussions. We thank Abhijit Ghosh and Aaron Wech for their useful comments and suggestions. The HRSN is operated by UC Berkeley. Data were obtained through the Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC) and Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC, doi:10.7909/C3WD3xH1). NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 914 EP 919 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv194 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DX UT WOS:000360624600016 ER PT J AU Johnson, TC Wellman, D AF Johnson, T. C. Wellman, D. TI Accurate modelling and inversion of electrical resistivity data in the presence of metallic infrastructure with known location and dimension SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Numerical solutions; Tomography; Hydrogeophysics ID FINITE-ELEMENTS; TOMOGRAPHY; COEFFICIENTS; SIMULATION; ELECTRODES; INTERFACES; EQUATIONS; LEAKS; SITE AB Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been widely used in environmental applications to study processes associated with subsurface contaminants and contaminant remediation. Anthropogenic alterations in subsurface electrical conductivity associated with contamination often originate from highly industrialized areas with significant amounts of buried metallic infrastructure. The deleterious influence of such infrastructure on imaging results generally limits the utility of ERT where it might otherwise prove useful for subsurface investigation and monitoring. In this manuscript we present a method of accurately modelling the effects of buried conductive infrastructure within the forward modelling algorithm, thereby removing them from the inversion results. The method is implemented in parallel using immersed interface boundary conditions, whereby the global solution is reconstructed from a series of well- conditioned partial solutions. Forward modelling accuracy is demonstrated by comparison with analytic solutions. Synthetic imaging examples are used to investigate imaging capabilities within a subsurface containing electrically conductive buried tanks, transfer piping, and well casing, using both well casings and vertical electrode arrays as current sources and potential measurement electrodes. Results show that, although accurate infrastructure modelling removes the dominating influence of buried metallic features, the presence of metallic infrastructure degrades imaging resolution compared to ERT imaging in the absence of infrastructure. However, it is possible to rectify this degradation in resolution through appropriate placement of electrodes. C1 [Johnson, T. C.; Wellman, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Johnson, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM tj@pnnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy-Environmental Management, Office of Soil and Groundwater, through the Deep Vadose Zone Applied Field Research Initiative; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of River Protection FX We appreciate the constructive reviews provided by Nestor Cuevas and Bension Singer. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy-Environmental Management, Office of Soil and Groundwater, through the Deep Vadose Zone Applied Field Research Initiative. Funding for testing was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of River Protection. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 202 IS 2 BP 1096 EP 1108 DI 10.1093/gji/ggv206 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CQ5DX UT WOS:000360624600031 ER PT J AU Sica, VP Raja, HA El-Elimat, T Kertesz, V Van Berkel, GJ Pearce, CJ Oberlies, NH AF Sica, Vincent P. Raja, Huzefa A. El-Elimat, Tamam Kertesz, Vilmos Van Berkel, Gary J. Pearce, Cedric J. Oberlies, Nicholas H. TI Dereplicating and Spatial Mapping of Secondary Metabolites from Fungal Cultures in Situ SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; THIN TISSUE-SECTIONS; IMAGING MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR NETWORKING; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; UV; DRUGS; MS/MS AB Ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques have recently become prevalent in natural product research due to their ability to examine secondary metabolites in situ. These techniques retain invaluable spatial and temporal details that are lost through traditional extraction processes. However, most ambient ionization techniques do not collect mutually supportive data, such as chromatographic retention times and/or UV/vis spectra, and this can limit the ability to identify certain metabolites, such as differentiating isomers. To overcome this, the droplet liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe (droplet-LMJ-SSP) was coupled with UPLC-PDA-HRMS-MS/MS, thus providing separation, retention times, MS data, and UV/vis data used in traditional dereplication protocols. By capturing these mutually supportive data, the identity of secondary metabolites can be confidently and rapidly assigned in situ. Using the droplet-LMJ-SSP, a protocol was constructed to analyze the secondary metabolite profile of fungal cultures without any sample preparation. The results demonstrate that fungal cultures can be dereplicated from the Petri dish, thus identifying secondary metabolites, including isomers, and confirming them against reference standards. Furthermore, heat maps, similar to mass spectrometry imaging, can be used to ascertain the location and relative concentration of secondary metabolites directly on the surface and/or surroundings of a fungal culture. C1 [Sica, Vincent P.; Raja, Huzefa A.; El-Elimat, Tamam; Oberlies, Nicholas H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. [Kertesz, Vilmos; Van Berkel, Gary J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pearce, Cedric J.] Mycosynthetix Inc, Hillsborough, NC 27278 USA. RP Oberlies, NH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM Nicholas_Oberlies@uncg.edu RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016; Raja, Huzefa /J-4794-2015; OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797; Raja, Huzefa /0000-0002-0824-9463; Oberlies, Nicholas/0000-0002-0354-8464; Sica, Vincent/0000-0002-7809-9325 FU National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [P01 CA125066]; North Carolina Biotechnology Center [2011-BRG-1206]; Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) [NFE-10-02966]; AB Sciex; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by Program Project Grant P01 CA125066 from the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Endophytic fungi from milk thistle were acquired via a Biotechnology Research Grant from the North Carolina Biotechnology Center (2011-BRG-1206). Advancement of the droplet-LMJ-SSP surface sampling technology at ORNL was supported by funding provided through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA NFE-10-02966) with AB Sciex. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The authors thank Dr. A. Kaur (UNCG) for her contributions to our understanding of the chemistry of several fungal species. We also thank Drs. N. B. Cech and L. M. Duffy (both of UNCG) for helpful discussions pertaining to MS and 3D printing, respectively. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 EI 1520-6025 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1926 EP 1936 DI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00268 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CQ7HN UT WOS:000360773700015 PM 26192135 ER PT J AU Lovelace, ES Wagoner, J MacDonald, J Bammler, T Bruckner, J Brownell, J Beyer, RP Zink, EM Kim, YM Kyle, JE Webb-Robertson, BJM Waters, KM Metz, TO Farin, F Oberlies, NH Polyak, SJ AF Lovelace, Erica S. Wagoner, Jessica MacDonald, James Bammler, Theo Bruckner, Jacob Brownell, Jessica Beyer, Richard P. Zink, Erika M. Kim, Young-Mo Kyle, Jennifer E. Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. Waters, Katrina M. Metz, Thomas O. Farin, Federico Oberlies, Nicholas H. Polyak, Stephen J. TI Silymarin Suppresses Cellular Inflammation By Inducing Reparative Stress Signaling SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; PROSTATE-CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION; FOXO TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NF-KAPPA-B; T-CELLS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES; PROTEOMICS DATA AB Silymarin, a characterized extract of the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), suppresses cellular inflammation. To define how this occurs, transcriptional profiling; metabolomics, and signaling studies were performed in human liver and T cell lines. Cellular stress and metabolic pathways were modulated within 4 h of silymarin treatment: activation of Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF-4) and adenosine monophosphate protein kinase (AIVLPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, the latter being associated with induction of DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4). Metabolomics analyses revealed silymarin suppression of glycolytic, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism. Anti-inflammatory effects arose with prolonged (i.e., 24 h) silymarin exposure, with suppression of multiple pro-inflammatory mRNAs and signaling pathways including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and forkhead box 0 (FOXO). Studies with murine knock out cells revealed that silymarin inhibition of both mTOR and NF-kappa B was partially AMPK dependent, whereas silymarin inhibition of mTOR required DDIT4. Other natural products induced similar stress responses, which correlated with their ability to suppress inflammation. Thus, natural products activate stress and repair responses that culminate in an anti-inflammatory cellular phenotype. Natural products like silymarin may be useful as tools to define how metabolic, stress, and repair pathways regulate cellular inflammation. C1 [Lovelace, Erica S.; Wagoner, Jessica; Bruckner, Jacob; Polyak, Stephen J.] Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Polyak, Stephen J.] Univ Washington, Dept Global Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Polyak, Stephen J.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [MacDonald, James; Bammler, Theo; Beyer, Richard P.; Farin, Federico] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Ctr Ecogenet & Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Brownell, Jessica] Seattle Biomed, Malaria Program, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Zink, Erika M.; Kim, Young-Mo; Kyle, Jennifer E.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; Waters, Katrina M.; Metz, Thomas O.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Oberlies, Nicholas H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. RP Polyak, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM polyak@uw.edu RI Kim, Young-Mo/D-3282-2009; OI Kim, Young-Mo/0000-0002-8972-7593; Oberlies, Nicholas/0000-0002-0354-8464 FU NIH from NCCIH [5R01AT006842, 3R01AT006842-03S1]; NIH Common Fund's Metabolomics Program; National Institute Of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P30ES007033]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported by NIH grant 5R01AT006842 and 3R01AT006842-03S1 from NCCIH (formerly NCCAM), and the NIH Common Fund's Metabolomics Program, respectively. Support was also provided by the National Institute Of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P30ES007033. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 77 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 EI 1520-6025 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 78 IS 8 BP 1990 EP 2000 DI 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00288 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA CQ7HN UT WOS:000360773700023 PM 26186142 ER PT J AU Gallis, MA Koehler, TP Torczynski, JR Plimpton, SJ AF Gallis, M. A. Koehler, T. P. Torczynski, J. R. Plimpton, S. J. TI Direct simulation Monte Carlo investigation of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID GAS-FLOWS; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) is investigated using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method of molecular gas dynamics. Due to the inherent statistical noise and the significant computational requirements, DSMC is hardly ever applied to hydrodynamic flows. Here, DSMC RMI simulations are performed to quantify the shock-driven growth of a single-mode perturbation on the interface between two atmospheric-pressure monatomic gases prior to re-shocking as a function of the Atwood and Mach numbers. The DSMC results qualitatively reproduce all features of the RMI and are in reasonable quantitative agreement with existing theoretical and empirical models. Consistent with previous work in this field, the DSMC simulations indicate that RMI growth follows a universal behavior. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Gallis, M. A.; Koehler, T. P.; Torczynski, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Plimpton, S. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Comp Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gallis, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM magalli@sandia.gov OI Torczynski, John/0000-0002-6469-895X; Gallis, Michael/0000-0002-4985-6956 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors would like to thank Dr. D. J. Rader, Dr. S. N. Kempka, and Dr. W. J. Rider of Sandia National Laboratories and Dr. K. Mikaelian of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for many useful discussions and suggestions. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2015 VL 27 IS 8 AR 084105 DI 10.1063/1.4928338 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CQ5LU UT WOS:000360646600024 ER PT J AU Kulakhmetov, M Gallis, M Alexeenko, A AF Kulakhmetov, Marat Gallis, Michael Alexeenko, Alina TI Effect of O-2 + O ab initio and Morse additive pairwise potentials on dissociation and relaxation rates for nonequilibrium flow calculations SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID CLASSICAL TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; DIRECT SIMULATION; HYPERSONIC FLOWS; SHOCK-WAVES; O-O; DISSOCIATION; MODELS; RELAXATION; COLLISIONS AB This work quantifies the sensitivity of O-2 + O dissociation rates and relaxation to interatomic potential energy surfaces at high-enthalpy, nonequilibrium flow conditions. State-to-state cross sections are obtained by quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations with two potential surfaces. The first is a Morse additive pairwise potential for O3 that is constructed based on O-2((3)Sigma(-)(g)) spectroscopic measurements and the second is a double many-body expansion potential by Varandas and Pais [ Mol. Phys. 65, 843-860 (1988)]. The QCT calculations of cross sections and rates with the two surfaces are compared to each other and shock tube measurements. It is found that, at temperatures between 2500 K and 20 000 K, the equilibrium dissociation rates predicted by the two potentials agree within 12%, and they are bound by experimental dissociation measurements. In contrast, above 10 000 K, ab initio based equilibrium dissociation rates are about a factor of two higher than the widely used Park's model. The nonequilibrium dissociation rates calculated by the two potentials are within 70% while phenomenological models differ by two orders of magnitude for vibrationally cold conditions of shocks. The analyses provide an approach for improving accuracy of nonequilibrium high-enthalpy flow modeling when ab initio potentials are not available. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kulakhmetov, Marat; Alexeenko, Alina] Purdue Univ, Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gallis, Michael] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kulakhmetov, M (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mkulakhm@purdue.edu; magalli@sandia.gov; alexeenk@purdue.edu OI Alexeenko, Alina/0000-0003-2123-9064; Gallis, Michael/0000-0002-4985-6956 FU Sandia National Laboratory through the Sandia Excellence in Science and Engineering Research Fellowship FX This work has been supported by Sandia National Laboratory through the Sandia Excellence in Science and Engineering Research Fellowship. In particular, we would like to acknowledge Dr. Dan Rader at Sandia. We would also like to thank Professor Varandas for providing an O3 potential energy surface. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2015 VL 27 IS 8 AR 087104 DI 10.1063/1.4928198 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CQ5LU UT WOS:000360646600053 ER PT J AU Ling, J Templeton, J AF Ling, J. Templeton, J. TI Evaluation of machine learning algorithms for prediction of regions of high Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes uncertainty SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID ALGEBRAIC FLUX MODELS; TURBULENT CHANNEL; FLOWS; SIMULATION AB Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models are widely used in industry to predict fluid flows, despite their acknowledged deficiencies. Not only do RANS models often produce inaccurate flow predictions, but there are very limited diagnostics available to assess RANS accuracy for a given flow configuration. If experimental or higher fidelity simulation results are not available for RANS validation, there is no reliable method to evaluate RANS accuracy. This paper explores the potential of utilizing machine learning algorithms to identify regions of high RANS uncertainty. Three different machine learning algorithms were evaluated: support vector machines, Adaboost decision trees, and random forests. The algorithms were trained on a database of canonical flow configurations for which validated direct numerical simulation or large eddy simulation results were available, and were used to classify RANS results on a point-by-point basis as having either high or low uncertainty, based on the breakdown of specific RANS modeling assumptions. Classifiers were developed for three different basic RANS eddy viscosity model assumptions: the isotropy of the eddy viscosity, the linearity of the Boussinesq hypothesis, and the non-negativity of the eddy viscosity. It is shown that these classifiers are able to generalize to flows substantially different from those on which they were trained. Feature selection techniques, model evaluation, and extrapolation detection are discussed in the context of turbulence modeling applications. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ling, J.; Templeton, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ling, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Sci & Engn, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jling@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2015-2173 J] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2015-2173 J. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD AUG PY 2015 VL 27 IS 8 AR 085103 DI 10.1063/1.4927765 PG 22 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CQ5LU UT WOS:000360646600033 ER PT J AU Bonatto, A Schroeder, CB Vay, JL Geddes, CGR Benedetti, C Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Bonatto, A. Schroeder, C. B. Vay, J. -L. Geddes, C. G. R. Benedetti, C. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. TI Passive and active plasma deceleration for the compact disposal of electron beams SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR AB Plasma-based decelerating schemes are investigated as compact alternatives for the disposal of high-energy beams (beam dumps). Analytical solutions for the energy loss of electron beams propagating in passive and active (laser-driven) schemes are derived. These solutions, along with numerical modeling, are used to investigate the evolution of the electron distribution, including energy chirp and total beam energy. In the active beam dump scheme, a laser-driver allows a more homogeneous beam energy extraction and drastically reduces the energy chirp observed in the passive scheme. These concepts could benefit applications requiring overall compactness, such as transportable light sources, or facilities operating at high beam power. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Bonatto, A.; Schroeder, C. B.; Vay, J. -L.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Benedetti, C.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bonatto, A.] Minist Educ Brazil, CAPES Fdn, BR-70004002 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Bonatto, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abonatto@lbl.gov OI Schroeder, Carl/0000-0002-9610-0166 FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Nuclear Security administration DNN [RD/NA-22]; CAPES Foundation of Ministry of Education of Brazil [10743-13-8]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, by the National Nuclear Security administration DNN R&D/NA-22 and by the CAPES Foundation of Ministry of Education of Brazil, under Process No. 10743-13-8. This research used computational resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 083106 DI 10.1063/1.4928379 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600072 ER PT J AU Buchholz, R Grosshauser, S Guttenfelder, W Hornsby, WA Migliano, P Peeters, AG Strintzi, D AF Buchholz, R. Grosshauser, S. Guttenfelder, W. Hornsby, W. A. Migliano, P. Peeters, A. G. Strintzi, D. TI Influence of centrifugal effects on particle and momentum transport in National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS; PHYSICS AB This paper studies the effect of rotation on microinstabilities under experimentally relevant conditions in the spherical tokamak National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The focus is specifically on the centrifugal force effects on the impurity and momentum transport in the core (r/a = 0.7) of an H-mode plasma. Due to relatively high beta, the linear simulations predict the presence of both microtearing mode (MTM) and hybrid ion temperature gradient-kinetic ballooning mode (ITG-KBM) electromagnetic instabilities. Rotation effects on both MTM and ITG-KBM growth rates and mode frequencies are found to be small for the experimental values. However, they do influence the quasi-linear particle and momentum fluxes predicted by ITG-KBM (MTM contributes only to electron heat flux). The gradient of the intrinsic carbon impurity in the source-free core region is predicted to be locally hollow, strengthened by centrifugal effects. This result is consistent with experimental measurements and contradicts neoclassical theory that typically provides a reasonable explanation of the impurity profiles in NSTX. The diffusive and Coriolis pinch contributions to momentum transport are found to be relatively weak. Surprisingly, the strongest contribution derives from a centrifugal effect proportional to the product of rotation and rotation shear, which predicts an inward momentum flux roughly three times bigger than the Coriolis pinch, suggesting it should be considered when interpreting previous experimental pinch measurements. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Buchholz, R.; Grosshauser, S.; Hornsby, W. A.; Migliano, P.; Peeters, A. G.; Strintzi, D.] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Phys, Bayreuth, Germany. [Guttenfelder, W.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Buchholz, R (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Dept Phys, Univ Str 30, Bayreuth, Germany. RI Peeters, Arthur/A-1281-2009 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082307 DI 10.1063/1.4928427 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600034 ER PT J AU Cheng, B Kwan, TJT Wang, YM Merrill, FE Cerjan, CJ Batha, SH AF Cheng, B. Kwan, T. J. T. Wang, Y. M. Merrill, F. E. Cerjan, C. J. Batha, S. H. TI Analysis of NIF experiments with the minimal energy implosion model SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB We apply a recently developed analytical model of implosion and thermonuclear burn to fusion capsule experiments performed at the National Ignition Facility that used low-foot and high-foot laser pulse formats. Our theoretical predictions are consistent with the experimental data. Our studies, together with neutron image analysis, reveal that the adiabats of the cold fuel in both low-foot and high-foot experiments are similar. That is, the cold deuterium-tritium shells in those experiments are all in a high adiabat state at the time of peak implosion velocity. The major difference between low-foot and high-foot capsule experiments is the growth of the shock-induced instabilities developed at the material interfaces which lead to fuel mixing with ablator material. Furthermore, we have compared the NIF capsules performance with the ignition criteria and analyzed the alpha particle heating in the NIF experiments. Our analysis shows that alpha heating was appreciable only in the high-foot experiments. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Cheng, B.; Kwan, T. J. T.; Wang, Y. M.; Merrill, F. E.; Batha, S. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cerjan, C. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cheng, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bcheng@lanl.gov OI Cerjan, Charles/0000-0002-5168-6845 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36] FX The authors wish to thank the referees for valuable suggestions. The authors are grateful to O. L. Landen and P. Patel for sharing the NIC data, analysis, and calculations. We thank P. Amendt, D. Clark, H. Robey, and B. Tipton for helpful and stimulating discussions. We also acknowledge C. S. Carmer for editing this article. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082704 DI 10.1063/1.4928093 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600056 ER PT J AU Degrassie, JS Boedo, JA Grierson, BA AF degrassie, J. S. Boedo, J. A. Grierson, B. A. TI Thermal ion orbit loss and radial electric field in DIII-D SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID HIGH CONFINEMENT MODE; L-H TRANSITION; TOKAMAKS; PLASMA AB A relatively simple model for the generation of the radial electric field, E-r, near the outboard boundary in a tokamak is presented. The model posits that E-r is established to supply the return current necessary to balance the thermal ion orbit loss current. Comparison with DIII-D data is promising. Features of the model that promote a more negative edge E-r are higher ion temperature, lower density, lower impurity ion content, and a shorter pathlength for orbit loss. These scalings are consistent with experimentally established access to the high-confinement mode edge transport barrier. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [degrassie, J. S.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Boedo, J. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Grierson, B. A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Degrassie, JS (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM degrassie@fusion.gat.com OI deGrassie, John/0000-0002-6012-7404 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-95ER54309, DE-FG02-07AER54917, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Award Nos. DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-95ER54309, DE-FG02-07AER54917, and DE-AC02-09CH11466. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 080701 DI 10.1063/1.4928558 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600001 ER PT J AU Haines, BM AF Haines, Brian M. TI Exponential yield sensitivity to long-wavelength asymmetries in three-dimensional simulations of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; COMPRESSION; TURBULENCE; TARGETS; GROWTH; OMEGA AB In this paper, we perform a series of high-resolution 3D simulations of an OMEGA-type inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule implosion with varying levels of initial long-wavelength asymmetries in order to establish the physical energy loss mechanism for observed yield degradation due to long-wavelength asymmetries in symcap (gas-filled capsule) implosions. These simulations demonstrate that, as the magnitude of the initial asymmetries is increased, shell kinetic energy is increasingly retained in the shell instead of being converted to fuel internal energy. This is caused by the displacement of fuel mass away from and shell material into the center of the implosion due to complex vortical flows seeded by the long-wavelength asymmetries. These flows are not fully turbulent, but demonstrate mode coupling through non-linear instability development during shell stagnation and late-time shock interactions with the shell interface. We quantify this effect by defining a separation lengthscale between the fuel mass and internal energy and show that this is correlated with yield degradation. The yield degradation shows an exponential sensitivity to the RMS magnitude of the long-wavelength asymmetries. This strong dependence may explain the lack of repeatability frequently observed in OMEGA ICF experiments. In contrast to previously reported mechanisms for yield degradation due to turbulent instability growth, yield degradation is not correlated with mixing between shell and fuel material. Indeed, an integrated measure of mixing decreases with increasing initial asymmetry magnitude due to delayed shock interactions caused by growth of the long-wavelength asymmetries without a corresponding delay in disassembly. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haines, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T087, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bmhaines@lanl.gov OI Haines, Brian/0000-0002-3889-7074 FU U.S. Department of Energy NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The author would like to thank J. Fincke, R. Shah, and J. Kline for useful discussions. The author would also like to thank M. Daniels, R. Hedges, G. Lee, M. McKay, and A. Nelson for code debugging assistance, as well as T. Masser and R. Rauenzahn for assistance in optimizing the performance of the matrix solver in RAGE. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy NNSA under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082710 DI 10.1063/1.4929798 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600062 ER PT J AU Hayes, AC Jungman, G Schulz, AE Boswell, M Fowler, MM Grim, G Klein, A Rundberg, RS Wilhelmy, JB Wilson, D Cerjan, C Schneider, D Sepke, SM Tonchev, A Yeamans, C AF Hayes, A. C. Jungman, Gerard Schulz, A. E. Boswell, M. Fowler, M. M. Grim, G. Klein, A. Rundberg, R. S. Wilhelmy, J. B. Wilson, D. Cerjan, C. Schneider, D. Sepke, S. M. Tonchev, A. Yeamans, C. TI Reaction-in-flight neutrons as a test of stopping power in degenerate plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID FUSION PLASMAS; SIMULATIONS; PARTICLES; CAPSULES; EMISSION; DYNAMICS AB We present the first measurements of reaction-in-flight (RIF) neutrons in an inertial confinement fusion system. The experiments were carried out at the National Ignition Facility, using both Low Foot and High Foot drives and cryogenic plastic capsules. In both cases, the high-energy RIF (E-n > 15 MeV) component of the neutron spectrum was found to be about 10(-4) of the total. The majority of the RIF neutrons were produced in the dense cold fuel surrounding the burning hotspot of the capsule, and the data are consistent with a compressed cold fuel that is moderately to strongly coupled (Gamma similar to 0.6) and electron degenerate (theta(Fermi)/theta(e) similar to 4). The production of RIF neutrons is controlled by the stopping power in the plasma. Thus, the current RIF measurements provide a unique test of stopping power models in an experimentally unexplored plasma regime. We find that the measured RIF data strongly constrain stopping models in warm dense plasma conditions, and some models are ruled out by our analysis of these experiments. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hayes, A. C.; Jungman, Gerard; Schulz, A. E.; Boswell, M.; Fowler, M. M.; Grim, G.; Klein, A.; Rundberg, R. S.; Wilhelmy, J. B.; Wilson, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cerjan, C.; Schneider, D.; Sepke, S. M.; Tonchev, A.; Yeamans, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hayes, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI klein, andreas/0000-0003-2358-2691 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Campaigns 1, 4, and 10, and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD program. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082703 DI 10.1063/1.4928104 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600055 ER PT J AU Heidbrink, WW Fu, GY Van Zeeland, MA AF Heidbrink, W. W. Fu, Guo-Yong Van Zeeland, M. A. TI Ions lost on their first orbit can impact Alfven eigenmode stability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB Some neutral-beam ions are deflected onto loss orbits by Alfven eigenmodes on their first bounce orbit. The resonance condition for these ions differs from the usual resonance condition for a confined fast ion. Estimates indicate that particles on single-pass loss orbits transfer enough energy to the wave to alter mode stability. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Heidbrink, W. W.] Univ Calif Irvine, Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Fu, Guo-Yong] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Van Zeeland, M. A.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Heidbrink, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility [SC-G903402, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC0209CH11466] FX The assistance of the DIII-D team and helpful discussions with Ruibin Zhang are gratefully acknowledged. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Award Nos. SC-G903402, DE-FC02-04ER54698, and DE-AC0209CH11466. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082507 DI 10.1063/1.4928436 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600046 ER PT J AU MacPhee, AG Peterson, JL Casey, DT Clark, DS Haan, SW Jones, OS Landen, OL Milovich, JL Robey, HF Smalyuk, VA AF MacPhee, A. G. Peterson, J. L. Casey, D. T. Clark, D. S. Haan, S. W. Jones, O. S. Landen, O. L. Milovich, J. L. Robey, H. F. Smalyuk, V. A. TI Stabilization of high-compression, indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions using a 4-shock adiabat-shaped drive SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; PERTURBATION GROWTH; TARGETS; SHOCK AB Hydrodynamic instabilities and poor fuel compression are major factors for capsule performance degradation in ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility. Using a recently developed laser drive profile with a decaying first shock to tune the ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov (ARM) instability and subsequent in-flight Rayleigh-Taylor growth, we have demonstrated reduced growth compared to the standard ignition pulse whilst maintaining conditions for a low fuel adiabat needed for increased compression. Using in-flight x-ray radiography of pre-machined modulations, the first growth measurements using this new ARM-tuned drive have demonstrated instability growth reduction of similar to 4x compared to the original design at a convergence ratio of similar to 2. Corresponding simulations give a fuel adiabat of similar to 1.6, similar to the original goal and consistent with ignition requirements. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [MacPhee, A. G.; Peterson, J. L.; Casey, D. T.; Clark, D. S.; Haan, S. W.; Jones, O. S.; Landen, O. L.; Milovich, J. L.; Robey, H. F.; Smalyuk, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP MacPhee, AG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Peterson, Luc/0000-0002-5167-5708 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank R. Betti, V. N. Goncharov, J. Lindl, and D. Shvarts for useful discussions. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 080702 DI 10.1063/1.4928909 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600002 ER PT J AU Ochs, IE Bertelli, N Fisch, NJ AF Ochs, I. E. Bertelli, N. Fisch, N. J. TI Coupling of alpha channeling to parallel wavenumber upshift in lower hybrid current drive SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ION-BERNSTEIN WAVES; SLOW WAVES; PARTICLES; ABSORPTION; TOKAMAK; PLASMA; PROPAGATION; REACTOR; POWER AB Although lower hybrid (LH) waves have been shown to be effective in driving plasma current in present-day tokamaks, they are predicted to strongly interact with the energetic alpha particles born from fusion reactions in eventual tokamak reactors. However, in the presence of the expected steep a particle birth gradient, this interaction can produce wave amplification rather than wave damping. Here, we identify the flexibilities and constraints in achieving this amplification effect through a consideration of symmetries in the channeling interaction, in the wave propagation, and in the tokamak field configuration. Interestingly, for standard LH current drive that supports the poloidal magnetic field, we find that wave amplification through alpha channeling is fundamentally coupled to the poorly understood vertical bar k(parallel to)vertical bar upshift. In so doing, we show that wave launch from the tokamak high-field side is favorable both for alpha-channeling and for achieving the vertical bar k(parallel to)vertical bar upshift. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ochs, I. E.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bertelli, N.; Fisch, N. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Fisch, N. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Ochs, IE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Ochs, Ian/0000-0002-6002-9169; Fisch, Nathaniel/0000-0002-0301-7380 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; National Undergraduate Fellowship Program in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to thank P. Bonoli for the useful discussions. This work was performed under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. I.E.O. thanks the support of the National Undergraduate Fellowship Program in Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy Sciences. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082119 DI 10.1063/1.4928903 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600023 ER PT J AU Rinderknecht, HG Rosenberg, MJ Zylstra, AB Lahmann, B Seguin, FH Frenje, JA Li, CK Johnson, MG Petrasso, RD Hopkins, LFB Caggiano, JA Divol, L Hartouni, EP Hatarik, R Hatchett, SP Le Pape, S Mackinnon, AJ McNaney, JM Meezan, NB Moran, MJ Bradley, PA Kline, JL Krasheninnikova, NS Kyrala, GA Murphy, TJ Schmitt, MJ Tregillis, IL Batha, SH Knauer, JP Kilkenny, JD AF Rinderknecht, H. G. Rosenberg, M. J. Zylstra, A. B. Lahmann, B. Seguin, F. H. Frenje, J. A. Li, C. K. Johnson, M. Gatu Petrasso, R. D. Hopkins, L. F. Berzak Caggiano, J. A. Divol, L. Hartouni, E. P. Hatarik, R. Hatchett, S. P. Le Pape, S. Mackinnon, A. J. McNaney, J. M. Meezan, N. B. Moran, M. J. Bradley, P. A. Kline, J. L. Krasheninnikova, N. S. Kyrala, G. A. Murphy, T. J. Schmitt, M. J. Tregillis, I. L. Batha, S. H. Knauer, J. P. Kilkenny, J. D. TI Using multiple secondary fusion products to evaluate fuel rho R, electron temperature, and mix in deuterium-filled implosions at the NIF SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; PARTICLE STOPPING POWERS; DIRECT-DRIVE IMPLOSIONS; DENSITY-RADIUS PRODUCT; AREAL DENSITY; PHYSICS BASIS; D-T; TARGETS; SPECTRA AB In deuterium-filled inertial confinement fusion implosions, the secondary fusion processes D(He-3,p)(4) He and D(T,n)(4) He occur, as the primary fusion products He-3 and T react in flight with thermal deuterons. In implosions with moderate fuel areal density (similar to 5-100 mg/cm(2)), the secondary D-(3) He reaction saturates, while the D-T reaction does not, and the combined information from these secondary products is used to constrain both the areal density and either the plasma electron temperature or changes in the composition due to mix of shell material into the fuel. The underlying theory of this technique is developed and applied to three classes of implosions on the National Ignition Facility: direct-drive exploding pushers, indirect-drive 1-shock and 2-shock implosions, and polar direct-drive implosions. In the 1- and 2-shock implosions, the electron temperature is inferred to be 0.65 times and 0.33 times the burn-averaged ion temperature, respectively. The inferred mixed mass in the polar direct-drive implosions is in agreement with measurements using alternative techniques. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Rinderknecht, H. G.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Zylstra, A. B.; Lahmann, B.; Seguin, F. H.; Frenje, J. A.; Li, C. K.; Johnson, M. Gatu; Petrasso, R. D.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hopkins, L. F. Berzak; Caggiano, J. A.; Divol, L.; Hartouni, E. P.; Hatarik, R.; Hatchett, S. P.; Le Pape, S.; Mackinnon, A. J.; McNaney, J. M.; Meezan, N. B.; Moran, M. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bradley, P. A.; Kline, J. L.; Krasheninnikova, N. S.; Kyrala, G. A.; Murphy, T. J.; Schmitt, M. J.; Tregillis, I. L.; Batha, S. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Knauer, J. P.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Kilkenny, J. D.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Rinderknecht, HG (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hgr@mit.edu RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014; OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. DoE [DE-FG52-09NA29553]; LLNL [B580243]; LLE [414090-G]; Fusion Science Center at the University of Rochester [415023-G]; National Laser Users Facility [DE-NA0000877] FX The authors thank the engineering and operations staff at NIF, LLE, and MIT for their support. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was done in part for H. Rinderknecht's Ph.D. thesis and was supported in part by the U.S. DoE (DE-FG52-09NA29553), LLNL (B580243), LLE (414090-G), the Fusion Science Center at the University of Rochester (415023-G), and the National Laser Users Facility (DE-NA0000877). NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082709 DI 10.1063/1.4928382 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600061 ER PT J AU Smalyuk, VA Robey, HF Doppner, T Jones, OS Milovich, JL Bachmann, B Baker, KL Hopkins, LFB Bond, E Callahan, DA Casey, DT Celliers, PM Cerjan, C Clark, DS Dixit, SN Edwards, MJ Giraldez, E Haan, SW Hamza, AV Hohenberger, M Hoover, D Hurricane, OA Jancaitis, KS Kroll, JJ Lafortune, KN Landen, OL MacGowan, BJ MacPhee, AG Nikroo, A Pak, A Patel, PK Peterson, JL Weber, CR Widmayer, CC Yeamans, C AF Smalyuk, V. A. Robey, H. F. Doeppner, T. Jones, O. S. Milovich, J. L. Bachmann, B. Baker, K. L. Hopkins, L. F. Berzak Bond, E. Callahan, D. A. Casey, D. T. Celliers, P. M. Cerjan, C. Clark, D. S. Dixit, S. N. Edwards, M. J. Giraldez, E. Haan, S. W. Hamza, A. V. Hohenberger, M. Hoover, D. Hurricane, O. A. Jancaitis, K. S. Kroll, J. J. Lafortune, K. N. Landen, O. L. MacGowan, B. J. MacPhee, A. G. Nikroo, A. Pak, A. Patel, P. K. Peterson, J. L. Weber, C. R. Widmayer, C. C. Yeamans, C. TI First results of radiation-driven, layered deuterium-tritium implosions with a 3-shock adiabat-shaped drive at the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; TAILORED DENSITY PROFILES; INERTIAL FUSION; LASER; SHOCK AB Radiation-driven, layered deuterium-tritium plastic capsule implosions were carried out using a new, 3-shock "adiabat-shaped" drive on the National Ignition Facility. The purpose of adiabat shaping is to use a stronger first shock, reducing hydrodynamic instability growth in the ablator. The shock can decay before reaching the deuterium-tritium fuel leaving it on a low adiabat and allowing higher fuel compression. The fuel areal density was improved by similar to 25% with this new drive compared to similar "high-foot" implosions, while neutron yield was improved by more than 4 times, compared to "low-foot" implosions driven at the same compression and implosion velocity. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Smalyuk, V. A.; Robey, H. F.; Doeppner, T.; Jones, O. S.; Milovich, J. L.; Bachmann, B.; Baker, K. L.; Hopkins, L. F. Berzak; Bond, E.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.; Celliers, P. M.; Cerjan, C.; Clark, D. S.; Dixit, S. N.; Edwards, M. J.; Haan, S. W.; Hamza, A. V.; Hurricane, O. A.; Jancaitis, K. S.; Kroll, J. J.; Lafortune, K. N.; Landen, O. L.; MacGowan, B. J.; MacPhee, A. G.; Pak, A.; Patel, P. K.; Peterson, J. L.; Weber, C. R.; Widmayer, C. C.; Yeamans, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Giraldez, E.; Hoover, D.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Hohenberger, M.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Smalyuk, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 080703 DI 10.1063/1.4929912 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600003 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP Scotti, F Bell, RE Diallo, A LeBlanc, BP Podesta, M Roquemore, AL Ross, PW AF Stotler, D. P. Scotti, F. Bell, R. E. Diallo, A. LeBlanc, B. P. Podesta, M. Roquemore, A. L. Ross, P. W. TI Midplane neutral density profiles in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ALCATOR C-MOD; PUFF IMAGING EXPERIMENTS; HYDROGEN MOLECULES; PLASMA; NSTX; IONIZATION; TOKAMAKS; RECOMBINATION; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE AB Atomic and molecular density data in the outer midplane of NSTX [Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] are inferred from tangential camera data via a forward modeling procedure using the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo neutral transport code. The observed Balmer-beta light emission data from 17 shots during the 2010 NSTX campaign display no obvious trends with discharge parameters such as the divertor Balmer-alpha emission level or edge deuterium ion density. Simulations of 12 time slices in 7 of these discharges produce molecular densities near the vacuum vessel wall of 2-8 x 10(17) m(-3) and atomic densities ranging from 1 to 7 x 10(16) m(-3); neither has a clear correlation with other parameters. Validation of the technique, begun in an earlier publication, is continued with an assessment of the sensitivity of the simulated camera image and neutral densities to uncertainties in the data input to the model. The simulated camera image is sensitive to the plasma profiles and virtually nothing else. The neutral densities at the vessel wall depend most strongly on the spatial distribution of the source; simulations with a localized neutral source yield densities within a factor of two of the baseline, uniform source, case. The uncertainties in the neutral densities associated with other model inputs and assumptions are <= 50%. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Stotler, D. P.; Bell, R. E.; Diallo, A.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Podesta, M.; Roquemore, A. L.; Ross, P. W.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Scotti, F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dstotler@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank D. Reiter for his assistance in compiling the data for the molecular emission processes. This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contract Nos. DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL) and DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL). NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082506 DI 10.1063/1.4928372 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600045 ER PT J AU Tsujii, N Porkolab, M Bonoli, PT Edlund, EM Ennever, PC Lin, Y Wright, JC Wukitch, SJ Jaeger, EF Green, DL Harvey, RW AF Tsujii, N. Porkolab, M. Bonoli, P. T. Edlund, E. M. Ennever, P. C. Lin, Y. Wright, J. C. Wukitch, S. J. Jaeger, E. F. Green, D. L. Harvey, R. W. TI Validation of full-wave simulations for mode conversion of waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies with phase contrast imaging in Alcator C-Mod SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID BERNSTEIN WAVES; MICROTOR TOKAMAK; LASER SCATTERING; CURRENT DRIVE; PLASMAS; TFTR AB Mode conversion of fast waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is known to result in current drive and flow drive under optimised conditions, which may be utilized to control plasma profiles and improve fusion plasma performance. To describe these processes accurately in a realistic toroidal geometry, numerical simulations are essential. Quantitative comparison of these simulations and the actual experimental measurements is important to validate their predictions and to evaluate their limitations. The phase contrast imaging (PCI) diagnostic has been used to directly detect the ICRF waves in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The measurements have been compared with full-wave simulations through a synthetic diagnostic technique. Recently, the frequency response of the PCI detector array on Alcator C-Mod was recalibrated, which greatly improved the comparison between the measurements and the simulations. In this study, mode converted waves for D-He-3 and D-H plasmas with various ion species compositions were re-analyzed with the new calibration. For the minority heating cases, self-consistent electric fields and a minority ion distribution function were simulated by iterating a full-wave code and a Fokker-Planck code. The simulated mode converted wave intensity was in quite reasonable agreement with the measurements close to the antenna, but discrepancies remain for comparison at larger distances. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Tsujii, N.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. [Porkolab, M.; Bonoli, P. T.; Edlund, E. M.; Ennever, P. C.; Lin, Y.; Wright, J. C.; Wukitch, S. J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fusion Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jaeger, E. F.] XCEL Engn Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Green, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Harvey, R. W.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. RP Tsujii, N (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. EM tsujii@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp OI Tsujii, Naoto/0000-0003-1193-6122 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-94-ER54235, DE-FC02-99-ER54512, DE-FC02-01ER54648] FX The authors thank the Alcator C-Mod operation and ICRF technical support group. The authors also thank Dr. L. Berry and Dr. C. Phillips for useful discussions over the course of this work. This work used the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center Theory Group parallel computational cluster Loki, and computing resources provided through NERSC and the SciDAC Center for Simulation of Wave Plasma Interactions. This work is supported by U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FG02-94-ER54235, DE-FC02-99-ER54512, and DE-FC02-01ER54648. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 2015 VL 22 IS 8 AR 082502 DI 10.1063/1.4927912 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CQ5MD UT WOS:000360647600041 ER PT J AU Santra, S Tomaras, GD Warrier, R Nicely, NI Liao, HX Pollara, J Liu, PH Alam, SM Zhang, RJ Cocklin, SL Shen, XY Duffy, R Xia, SM Schutte, RJ Pemble, CW Dennison, SM Li, H Chao, A Vidnovic, K Evans, A Klein, K Kumar, A Robinson, J Landucci, G Forthal, DN Montefiori, DC Kaewkungwal, J Nitayaphan, S Pitisuttithum, P Rerks-Ngarm, S Robb, ML Michael, NL Kim, JH Soderberg, KA Giorgi, EE Blair, L Korber, BT Moog, C Shattock, RJ Letvin, NL Schmitz, JE Moody, MA Gao, F Ferrari, G Shaw, GM Haynes, BF AF Santra, Sampa Tomaras, Georgia D. Warrier, Ranjit Nicely, Nathan I. Liao, Hua-Xin Pollara, Justin Liu, Pinghuang Alam, S. Munir Zhang, Ruijun Cocklin, Sarah L. Shen, Xiaoying Duffy, Ryan Xia, Shi-Mao Schutte, Robert J. Pemble, Charles W. Dennison, S. Moses Li, Hui Chao, Andrew Vidnovic, Kora Evans, Abbey Klein, Katja Kumar, Amit Robinson, James Landucci, Gary Forthal, Donald N. Montefiori, David C. Kaewkungwal, Jaranit Nitayaphan, Sorachai Pitisuttithum, Punnee Rerks-Ngarm, Supachai Robb, Merlin L. Michael, Nelson L. Kim, Jerome H. Soderberg, Kelly A. Giorgi, Elena E. Blair, Lily Korber, Bette T. Moog, Christiane Shattock, Robin J. Letvin, Norman L. Schmitz, Joern E. Moody, M. A. Gao, Feng Ferrari, Guido Shaw, George M. Haynes, Barton F. TI Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; PROXIMAL EXTERNAL REGION; VACCINE EFFICACY TRIAL; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; RECEPTOR-BINDING; HIV-1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; INHIBITORY ANTIBODIES; IMMUNODOMINANT DOMAIN; MEDIATING ANTIBODIES; EFFECTOR FUNCTION AB HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4(+) T cells. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are the type of HIV-1 antibodies that are most likely protective, they are not induced with current vaccine candidates. In contrast, antibodies that do not neutralize primary HIV-1 strains in the TZM-bl infection assay are readily induced by current vaccine candidates and have also been implicated as secondary correlates of decreased HIV-1 risk in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. Here, we have studied the capacity of anti-Env monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against either the immunodominant region of gp41 (7B2 IgG1), the first constant region of gp120 (A32 IgG1), or the third variable loop (V3) of gp120 (CH22 IgG1) to modulate in vivo rectal mucosal transmission of a high-dose simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-BaL) in rhesus macaques. 7B2 IgG1 or A32 IgG1, each containing mutations to enhance Fc function, was administered passively to rhesus macaques but afforded no protection against productive clinical infection while the positive control antibody CH22 IgG1 prevented infection in 4 of 6 animals. Enumeration of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses revealed that passive infusion of each of the three antibodies significantly reduced the number of T/F genomes. Thus, some antibodies that bind HIV-1 Env but fail to neutralize virus in traditional neutralization assays may limit the number of T/F viruses involved in transmission without leading to enhancement of viral infection. For one of these mAbs, gp41 mAb 7B2, we provide the first co-crystal structure in complex with a common cyclical loop motif demonstrated to be critical for infection by other retroviruses. C1 [Santra, Sampa; Cocklin, Sarah L.; Letvin, Norman L.; Schmitz, Joern E.] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Ctr Virol & Vaccine Res, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tomaras, Georgia D.; Nicely, Nathan I.; Liao, Hua-Xin; Pollara, Justin; Liu, Pinghuang; Alam, S. Munir; Zhang, Ruijun; Shen, Xiaoying; Duffy, Ryan; Xia, Shi-Mao; Schutte, Robert J.; Pemble, Charles W.; Dennison, S. Moses; Kumar, Amit; Montefiori, David C.; Soderberg, Kelly A.; Moody, M. A.; Gao, Feng; Ferrari, Guido; Haynes, Barton F.] Duke Sch Med, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC USA. [Warrier, Ranjit; Li, Hui; Chao, Andrew; Vidnovic, Kora; Shaw, George M.] Univ Penn, Dept Med, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Evans, Abbey; Klein, Katja; Shattock, Robin J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Med, London, England. [Robinson, James] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Landucci, Gary; Forthal, Donald N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Kaewkungwal, Jaranit] Mahidol Univ, Trop Hyg, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Nitayaphan, Sorachai] Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Pitisuttithum, Punnee] Mahidol Univ, Clin Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. [Rerks-Ngarm, Supachai] Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Nonthaburi, Thailand. [Robb, Merlin L.; Michael, Nelson L.; Kim, Jerome H.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, US Mil Res Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Giorgi, Elena E.; Blair, Lily; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Moog, Christiane] Univ Strasbourg, INSERM, U1109, Strasbourg, Alsace, France. RP Santra, S (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Ctr Virol & Vaccine Res, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ssantra@bidmc.harvard.edu; gdt@duke.edu; hayne002@mc.duke.edu RI Moog, Christiane/E-3962-2016; Tomaras, Georgia/J-5041-2016; OI Moog, Christiane/0000-0002-0916-156X; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIAID/ DAIDS): Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology Grant [U01 AI067854]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [1033098]; NIH/NIAID Reagent Resource Support Program for AIDS Vaccine Development (Quality Biological, Inc.) [HHSN272201100023C]; Immunology Virology Quality Assessment (IVQA) Center Laboratory Shared Resource; NIH [AI097315]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIAID/ DAIDS): Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology Grant (U01 AI067854) and the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery Grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (1033098), the NIH/NIAID Reagent Resource Support Program for AIDS Vaccine Development (Quality Biological, Inc.), Contract HHSN272201100023C, Immunology Virology Quality Assessment (IVQA) Center Laboratory Shared Resource, and the NIH grant AI097315. Crystallography was performed in the Duke University X-ray Crystallography Shared Resource. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. SER-CAT supporting institutions may be found at www.ser-cat.org/members.html. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not represent the official views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 120 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-7366 EI 1553-7374 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 8 AR e1005042 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005042 PG 38 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA CQ7VD UT WOS:000360812500011 PM 26237403 ER PT J AU Camacho-Bunquin, J Shou, H Aich, P Beaulieu, DR Klotzsch, H Bachman, S Marshall, CL Hock, A Stair, P AF Camacho-Bunquin, Jeffrey Shou, Heng Aich, Payoli Beaulieu, David R. Klotzsch, Helmut Bachman, Stephen Marshall, Christopher L. Hock, Adam Stair, Peter TI Catalyst synthesis and evaluation using an integrated atomic layer deposition synthesis-catalysis testing tool SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID FILMS AB An integrated atomic layer deposition synthesis-catalysis (I-ALD-CAT) tool was developed. It combines an ALD manifold in-line with a plug-flow reactor system for the synthesis of supported catalytic materials by ALD and immediate evaluation of catalyst reactivity using gas-phase probe reactions. The I-ALD-CAT delivery system consists of 12 different metal ALD precursor channels, 4 oxidizing or reducing agents, and 4 catalytic reaction feeds to either of the two plug-flow reactors. The system can employ reactor pressures and temperatures in the range of 10(-3) to 1 bar and 300-1000 K, respectively. The instrument is also equipped with a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer unit for the detection and quantification of volatile species from ALD and catalytic reactions. In this report, we demonstrate the use of the I-ALD-CAT tool for the synthesis of platinum active sites and Al2O3 overcoats, and evaluation of catalyst propylene hydrogenation activity. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Camacho-Bunquin, Jeffrey; Shou, Heng; Aich, Payoli; Marshall, Christopher L.; Hock, Adam; Stair, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Aich, Payoli] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Beaulieu, David R.; Klotzsch, Helmut; Bachman, Stephen] Arradiance Inc, Sudbury, MA 01776 USA. [Hock, Adam] IIT, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Stair, Peter] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Camacho-Bunquin, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hock, Adam/D-7660-2012; Shou, Heng/N-2250-2014 OI Hock, Adam/0000-0003-1440-1473; Shou, Heng/0000-0002-7191-4518 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences [DE-AC-02-06H11357] FX The work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC-02-06H11357. High Resolution TEM images were obtained at UIC's Research Resources Center facility using the JEM-3010 (a 300 kV transmission electron microscope with a LaB6 electron source). NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 084103 DI 10.1063/1.4928614 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800045 PM 26329211 ER PT J AU Ostroumov, PN Barcikowski, A Dickerson, CA Perry, A Pikin, AI Sharamentov, SI Vondrasek, RC Zinkann, GP AF Ostroumov, P. N. Barcikowski, A. Dickerson, C. A. Perry, A. Pikin, A. I. Sharamentov, S. I. Vondrasek, R. C. Zinkann, G. P. TI Fast and efficient charge breeding of the Californium rare isotope breeder upgrade electron beam ion source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RADIOACTIVE BEAMS; CARIBU EBIS AB The Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), developed to breed Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) radioactive beams at Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS), is being tested off-line. A unique property of the EBIS is a combination of short breeding times, high repetition rates, and a large acceptance. Overall, we have implemented many innovative features during the design and construction of the CARIBU EBIS as compared to the existing EBIS breeders. The off-line charge breeding tests are being performed using a surface ionization source that produces singly charged cesium ions. The main goal of the off-line commissioning is to demonstrate stable operation of the EBIS at a 10 Hz repetition rate and a breeding efficiency into single charge state higher than 15%. These goals have been successfully achieved and exceeded. We have measured (20% +/- 0.7%) breeding efficiency into the single charge state of 28+ cesium ions with the breeding time of 28 ms. In general, the current CARIBU EBIS operational parameters can provide charge breeding of any ions in the full mass range of periodic table with high efficiency, short breeding times, and sufficiently low charge-to-mass ratio, 1/6.3 for the heaviest masses, for further acceleration in ATLAS. In this paper, we discuss the parameters of the EBIS and the charge breeding results in a pulsed injection mode with repetition rates up to 10 Hz. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Ostroumov, P. N.; Barcikowski, A.; Dickerson, C. A.; Perry, A.; Sharamentov, S. I.; Vondrasek, R. C.; Zinkann, G. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pikin, A. I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ostroumov, PN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ostroumov@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We express our gratitude to Dr. S. A. Kondrashev, A. Levand, G. Cherry, and W. Jansma for the significant contribution during the design and assembly of the CARIBU EBIS. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 083311 DI 10.1063/1.4929464 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800019 PM 26329185 ER PT J AU Park, J Zhang, QT Chen, P Cosgriff, MP Tilka, JA Adamo, C Schlom, DG Wen, HD Zhu, Y Evans, PG AF Park, Joonkyu Zhang, Qingteng Chen, Pice Cosgriff, Margaret P. Tilka, Jack A. Adamo, Carolina Schlom, Darrell G. Wen, Haidan Zhu, Yi Evans, Paul G. TI Spatially confined low-power optically pumped ultrafast synchrotron x-ray nanodiffraction SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB The combination of ultrafast optical excitation and time-resolved synchrotron x-ray nanodiffraction provides unique insight into the photoinduced dynamics of materials, with the spatial resolution required to probe individual nanostructures or small volumes within heterogeneous materials. Optically excited x-ray nanobeam experiments are challenging because the high total optical power required for experimentally relevant optical fluences leads to mechanical instability due to heating. For a given fluence, tightly focusing the optical excitation reduces the average optical power by more than three orders of magnitude and thus ensures sufficient thermal stability for x-ray nanobeam studies. Delivering optical pulses via a scannable fiber-coupled optical objective provides a well-defined excitation geometry during rotation and translation of the sample and allows the selective excitation of isolated areas within the sample. Experimental studies of the photoinduced lattice dynamics of a 35 nm BiFeO3 thin film on a SrTiO3 substrate demonstrate the potential to excite and probe nanoscale volumes. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Park, Joonkyu; Zhang, Qingteng; Chen, Pice; Cosgriff, Margaret P.; Tilka, Jack A.; Evans, Paul G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Park, Joonkyu; Zhang, Qingteng; Chen, Pice; Cosgriff, Margaret P.; Tilka, Jack A.; Evans, Paul G.] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Adamo, Carolina; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schlom, Darrell G.] Kavli Inst Cornell Nanoscale Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wen, Haidan; Zhu, Yi] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pgevans@wisc.edu RI Chen, Pice/J-3595-2015; Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Zhang, Qingteng/F-9340-2015 OI Chen, Pice/0000-0003-4401-5637; Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; Zhang, Qingteng/0000-0002-1600-2161 FU U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-04ER46147]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Argonne National Laboratory LDRD program [2013-036]; National Science Foundation (Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems) [EEC-1160504]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1256259] FX Work at the University of Wisconsin-Madison was supported by the U.S. DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract No. DE-FG02-04ER46147. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. H. W. and Y. Z. acknowledge support by the Argonne National Laboratory LDRD program under Grant No. 2013-036. Work at Cornell University was supported by the National Science Foundation (Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems) under Grant Number EEC-1160504. J.A.T. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1256259. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 083904 DI 10.1063/1.4929436 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800042 PM 26329208 ER PT J AU Patel, N Branch, DW Schamiloglu, E Cular, S AF Patel, N. Branch, D. W. Schamiloglu, E. Cular, S. TI Comparative study of 0 degrees X-cut and Y+36 degrees-cut lithium niobate high-voltage sensing SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; SENSOR; OSCILLATOR; DELAY AB A comparison study between Y + 36 degrees and 0 degrees X-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3) was performed to evaluate the influence of crystal cut on the acoustic propagation to realize a piezoelectric high-voltage sensor. The acoustic time-of-flight for each crystal cut was measured when applying direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), and pulsed voltages. Results show that the voltage-induced shift in the acoustic wave propagation time scaled quadratically with voltage for DC and AC voltages applied to X-cut crystals. For the Y + 36 degrees crystal, the voltage-induced shift scales linearly with DC voltages and quadratically with AC voltages. When applying 5 mu s voltage pulses to both crystals, the voltage-induced shift scaled linearly with voltage. For the Y + 36 degrees cut, the voltage-induced shift from applying DC voltages ranged from 10 to 54 ps and 35 to 778 ps for AC voltages at 640 V over the frequency range of 100 Hz-100 kHz. Using the same conditions as the Y + 36 degrees cut, the 0 degrees X-cut crystal sensed a shift of 10-273 ps for DC voltages and 189-813 ps for AC voltage application. For 5 mu s voltage pulses, the 0 degrees X-cut crystal sensed a voltage induced shift of 0.250-2 ns and the Y + 36 degrees-cut crystal sensed a time shift of 0.115-1.6 ns. This suggests a frequency sensitive response to voltage where the influence of the crystal cut was not a significant contributor under DC, AC, or pulsed voltage conditions. The measured DC data were compared to a 1-D impedance matrix model where the predicted incremental length changed as a function of voltage. When the voltage source error was eliminated through physical modeling from the uncertainty budget, the combined uncertainty of the sensor (within a 95% confidence interval) decreased to 0.0033% using a Y + 36 degrees-cut crystal and 0.0032% using an X-cut crystal for all the voltage conditions used in this experiment. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Patel, N.; Branch, D. W.; Cular, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Patel, N.; Schamiloglu, E.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Patel, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Roger Burton, Eric Forrest, and Otis Solomon for helpful discussions and offering improvements to this paper. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This document has been given the SAND No. SAND2015-5159 J. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 86 IS 8 AR 085001 DI 10.1063/1.4927713 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CQ5MN UT WOS:000360648800057 PM 26329223 ER PT J AU Gaylord, ML Kolb, TE McDowell, NG AF Gaylord, Monica L. Kolb, Thomas E. McDowell, Nate G. TI Mechanisms of pinon pine mortality after severe drought: a retrospective study of mature trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; carbon starvation; hydraulic failure; Pinus edulis; resin ducts ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; INDUCED XYLEM EMBOLISM; BARK BEETLES; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PONDEROSA PINE; ETHANOL ACCUMULATION; VEGETATION MORTALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Conifers have incurred high mortality during recent global-change-type drought(s) in the western USA. Mechanisms of drought-related tree mortality need to be resolved to support predictions of the impacts of future increases in aridity on vegetation. Hydraulic failure, carbon starvation and lethal biotic agents are three potentially interrelated mechanisms of tree mortality during drought. Our study compared a suite of measurements related to these mechanisms between 49 mature pinon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) trees that survived severe drought in 2002 (live trees) and 49 trees that died during the drought (dead trees) over three sites in Arizona and New Mexico. Results were consistent over all sites indicating common mortality mechanisms over a wide region rather than site-specific mechanisms. We found evidence for an interactive role of hydraulic failure, carbon starvation and biotic agents in tree death. For the decade prior to the mortality event, dead trees had twofold greater sapwood cavitation based on frequency of aspirated tracheid pits observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), smaller inter-tracheid pit diameter measured by SEM, greater diffusional constraints to photosynthesis based on higher wood delta C-13, smaller xylem resin ducts, lower radial growth and more bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) attacks than live trees. Results suggest that sapwood cavitation, low carbon assimilation and low resin defense predispose pinon pine trees to bark beetle attacks and mortality during severe drought. Our novel approach is an important step forward to yield new insights into how trees die via retrospective analysis. C1 [Gaylord, Monica L.; Kolb, Thomas E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gaylord, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM monicalgaylord@fs.fed.us FU National Institute of Climatic Change Research (NICCR) [DE-FCO2-06ER64159]; Department of Energy (DOE) Terrestrial Carbon Program; Drought Impacts on Regional Ecosystems Network (DIREnet via NSF) FX This study was supported by the National Institute of Climatic Change Research (NICCR) (DE-FCO2-06ER64159), Department of Energy (DOE) Terrestrial Carbon Program and Drought Impacts on Regional Ecosystems Network (DIREnet via NSF). NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 18 U2 58 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 8 BP 806 EP 816 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpv038 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CQ4QQ UT WOS:000360590100002 PM 26048753 ER PT J AU Zhu, ZF Yu, JS Wang, HR Dou, J Wang, C AF Zhu, Zhongfan Yu, Jingshan Wang, Hongrui Dou, Jie Wang, Cheng TI Fractal Dimension of Cohesive Sediment Flocs at Steady State under Seven Shear Flow Conditions SO WATER LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE-INDUCED FLOCCULATION; FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLE AGGREGATION; HYDROXIDE FLOCS; STRENGTH; KINETICS; BREAKUP; DEPENDENCE; MODEL AB The morphological properties of kaolin flocs were investigated in a Couette-flow experiment at the steady state under seven shear flow conditions (shear rates of 5.36, 9.17, 14, 24, 31, 41 and 53 s(-1)). These properties include a one-dimensional (1-D) fractal dimension (D-1), a two-dimensional (2-D) fractal dimension (D-2), a perimeter-based fractal dimension (D-pf) and an aspect ratio (AR). They were calculated based on the projected area (A), equivalent size, perimeter (P) and length (L) of the major axis of the floc determined through sample observation and an image analysis system. The parameter D-2, which characterizes the relationship between the projected area and the length of the major axis using a power function, [GRAPHICS] , increased from 1.73 +/- 0.03, 1.72 +/- 0.03, and 1.75 +/- 0.04 in the low shear rate group (G = 5.36, 9.17, and 14 s(-1)) to 1.92 +/- 0.03, 1.82 +/- 0.02, 1.85 +/- 0.02, and 1.81 +/- 0.02 in the high shear rate group (24, 31, 41 and 53 s(-1)), respectively. The parameter D-1 characterizes the relationship between the perimeter and length of the major axis by the function [GRAPHICS] and decreased from 1.52 +/- 0.02, 1.48 +/- 0.02, 1.55 +/- 0.02, and 1.63 +/- 0.02 in the low shear group (5.36, 9.17, 14 and 24 s(-1)) to 1.45 +/- 0.02, 1.39 +/- 0.02, and 1.39 +/- 0.02 in the high shear group (31, 41 and 53 s(-1)), respectively. The results indicate that with increasing shear rates, the flocs become less elongated and that their boundary lines become tighter and more regular, caused by more breakages and possible restructurings of the flocs. The parameter D-pf, which is related to the perimeter and the projected area through the function [GRAPHICS] , decreased as the shear rate increased almost linearly. The parameter AR, which is the ratio of the length of the major axis and equivalent diameter, decreased from 1.56, 1.59, 1.53 and 1.51 in the low shear rate group to 1.43, 1.47 and 1.48 in the high shear rate group. These changes in D-pf and AR show that the flocs become less convoluted and more symmetrical and that their boundaries become smoother and more regular in the high shear rate group than in the low shear rate group due to breakage and possible restructuring processes. To assess the effects of electrolyte and sediment concentration, 0.1 mol/L calcium chloride (CaCl2) and initial sediment concentration from 7.87 x 10(-5) to 1.57 x 10(-5) were used in this preliminary study. The addition of electrolyte and increasing sediment concentration could produce more symmetrical flocs with less convoluted and simpler boundaries. In addition, some new information on the temporal variation of the median size of the flocs during the flocculation process is presented. C1 [Zhu, Zhongfan; Yu, Jingshan; Wang, Hongrui] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Water Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Dou, Jie] Univ Tokyo, Dept Nat Environm Studies, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Wang, Cheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, HR (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Water Sci, Xinjiekouwai St 19, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM zhuzhongfan1985@gmail.com; jingshan@bnu.edu.cn; henrywang@bnu.edu.cn; douj888@gmail.com; chengw@knights.ucf.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51279006, 51479003]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China [2013NT50]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.: 51279006, 51479003), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China (No.: 2013NT50) and the Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry. The first author would like to express his deepest gratitude to Professor Tie-sheng Yang, who retired from the Department of Hydraulic Engineering of Tsinghua University in China, for his careful guidance during the master's research. We would like to express the gratitude to the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 8 BP 4385 EP 4408 DI 10.3390/w7084385 PG 24 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA CQ5FJ UT WOS:000360628400021 ER PT J AU Muller, RP Blume-Kohout, R AF Muller, Richard P. Blume-Kohout, Robin TI The Promise of Quantum Simulation SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS; COMPUTER; SYSTEMS; CHEMISTRY; GAS AB Quantum simulations promise to be one of the primary applications of quantum computers, should one be constructed. This article briefly summarizes the history of quantum simulation in light of the recent result of Wang and co-workers, demonstrating calculation of the ground and excited states for a HeH+ molecule, and concludes with a discussion of why this and other recent progress in the field suggest that quantum simulations of quantum chemistry have a bright future. C1 [Muller, Richard P.; Blume-Kohout, Robin] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Muller, RP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rmuller@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 7738 EP 7741 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03650 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300002 PM 26197037 ER PT J AU Li, XF Basile, L Huang, B Ma, C Lee, JW Vlassiouk, IV Puretzky, AA Lin, MW Yoon, M Chi, MF Idrobo, JC Rouleau, CM Sumpter, BG Geohegan, DB Xiao, K AF Li, Xufan Basile, Leonardo Huang, Bing Ma, Cheng Lee, Jaekwang Vlassiouk, Ivan V. Puretzky, Alexander A. Lin, Ming-Wei Yoon, Mina Chi, Miaofang Idrobo, Juan C. Rouleau, Christopher M. Sumpter, Bobby G. Geohegan, David B. Xiao, Kai TI Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Two-Dimensional Single-Crystalline GaSe Domains on Graphene SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE van der Waals epitaxy; heterostructures GaSe; chemical vapor deposition; graphene ID DOUBLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; BORON-NITRIDE; RAMAN ENHANCEMENT; ATOMIC LAYERS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MOS2; PHOTORESPONSE; CHALCOGENIDES; ELECTRONICS; TRANSITION AB Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are a family of artificially structured materials that promise tunable optoelectronic properties for devices with enhanced functionalities. Compared to transferring, direct epitaxy of vdW heterostructures is ideal for clean interlayer interfaces and scalable device fabrication. Here we report the synthesis and preferred orientations of 2D GaSe atomic layers on graphene (Gr) by vdW epitaxy. GaSe crystals are found to nucleate predominantly on random wrinkles or grain boundaries of graphene, share a preferred lattice orientation with underlying graphene, and grow into large (tens of micrometers) irregularly shaped, single-crystalline domains. The domains are found to propagate with triangular edges that merge into the large single crystals during growth. Electron diffraction reveals that approximately 50% of the GaSe domains are oriented with a 10.5 +/- 0.3 degrees interlayer rotation with respect to the underlying graphene. Theoretical investigations of interlayer energetics reveal that a 10.9 degrees interlayer rotation is the most energetically preferred vdW heterostructure. In addition, strong charge transfer in these GaSe/Gr vdW heterostructures is predicted, which agrees with the observed enhancement in the Raman E-1g(2) band of monolayer GaSe and highly quenched photoluminescence compared to GaSe/Si0(2). Despite the very large lattice mismatch of GaSe/Gr through vdW epitaxy, the predominant orientation control and convergent formation of large single-crystal flakes demonstrated here is promising for the scalable synthesis of large-area vdW heterostructures for the development of new optical and optoelectronic devices. C1 [Li, Xufan; Basile, Leonardo; Huang, Bing; Ma, Cheng; Lee, Jaekwang; Puretzky, Alexander A.; Lin, Ming-Wei; Yoon, Mina; Chi, Miaofang; Idrobo, Juan C.; Rouleau, Christopher M.; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Geohegan, David B.; Xiao, Kai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Basile, Leonardo] Escuela Politec Nacl, Dept Fis, Quito 170525, Ecuador. [Sumpter, Bobby G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vlassiouk, Ivan V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xiao, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xiaok@ornl.gov RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; Yoon, Mina/A-1965-2016; Li, Xufan/A-8292-2013; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Huang, Bing/D-8941-2011; Ma, Cheng/C-9120-2014; Vlassiouk, Ivan/F-9587-2010; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Yoon, Mina/0000-0002-1317-3301; Li, Xufan/0000-0001-9814-0383; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Huang, Bing/0000-0001-6735-4637; Vlassiouk, Ivan/0000-0002-5494-0386; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Idrobo, Juan Carlos/0000-0001-7483-9034; Xiao, Kai /0000-0002-0402-8276 FU Materials Science and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Ecuador (SENESCYT); ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development; Office of Science of the US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center FX Synthesis science and theoretical studies sponsored by the Materials Science and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Materials characterization conducted at the Center for Nano-phase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. L.B. acknowledges the financial support of the National Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation of Ecuador (SENESCYT). J.L. acknowledges support from ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US DOE (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 23 U2 139 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8078 EP 8088 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b01943 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300036 PM 26202730 ER PT J AU Doan-Nguyen, VVT Zhang, S Trigg, EB Agarwal, R Li, J Su, D Winey, KI Murray, CB AF Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T. Zhang, Sen Trigg, Edward B. Agarwal, Rahul Li, Jing Su, Dong Winey, Karen I. Murray, Christopher B. TI Synthesis and X-ray Characterization of Cobalt Phosphide (Co2P) Nanorods for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE cobalt phosphide nanorods; oxygen reduction reaction; electrocatalysis ID TRANSITION-METAL PHOSPHIDES; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION REACTION; IN-SITU; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FUEL-CELLS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; NICKEL PHOSPHIDE; SYRINGE PUMP; NANOPARTICLES AB Low temperature fuel cells are clean, effective alternative fuel conversion technology. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the fuel cell cathode has required Pt as the electrocatalyst for high activity and selectivity of the four-electron reaction pathway. Targeting a less expensive, earth abundant alternative, we have developed the synthesis of cobalt phosphide (Co2P) nanorods for ORR. Characterization techniques that include total X-ray scattering and extended X-ray absorption fine structure revealed a deviation of the nanorods from bulk crystal structure with a contraction along the b orthorhombic lattice parameter. The carbon supported nanorods have comparable activity but are remarkably more stable than conventional Pt catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline environments. C1 [Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T.; Trigg, Edward B.; Agarwal, Rahul; Winey, Karen I.; Murray, Christopher B.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhang, Sen; Murray, Christopher B.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Li, Jing; Su, Dong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, New York, NY 11973 USA. RP Murray, CB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM cbmurray@sas.upenn.edu FU National Science Foundation MRSEC [DMR-1120901]; NatureNet Science Fellowship from Nature Conservancy; Army Research Office [ARO-W911NF-13-1-0363]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Richard Perry University Professorship FX V.D.N. and C.B.M. would like to acknowledge primary support from National Science Foundation MRSEC Grant Number DMR-1120901 for work on the development of the synthesis as well as X-ray characterization and modeling. S.Z. was supported by the NatureNet Science Fellowship from The Nature Conservancy. E.B.T. and K.I.W. were supported by the Army Research Office Grant Number ARO-W911NF-13-1-0363. HAADF-STEM was carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. Work at Beamlines 11-ID-B (GUP-32747), 12-ID-B (GUP-34042), and 12-BM-B (GUP-34284) of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. V.D.N. would also like to thank Dr. Dmitri Barbash at Drexel University for help with obtaining XPS data as well as Dr. K. Chapman, Dr. O. Borkiewicz, Dr. K. Wiaderek, and Dr. P. Chupas for their help during beam time and helpful discussions at APS 11-ID-B. C.B.M. acknowledges the support of the Richard Perry University Professorship. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 56 U2 309 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8108 EP 8115 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b02191 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300039 PM 26171574 ER PT J AU Kim, S Marshal, AR Kroupa, DM Miller, EM Luther, JM Jeong, S Beard, MC AF Kim, Sungwoo Marshal, Ashley R. Kroupa, Daniel. M. Miller, Elisa M. Luther, Joseph M. Jeong, Sohee Beard, Matthew C. TI Air-Stable and Efficient PbSe Quantum-Dot Solar Cells Based upon ZnSe to PbSe Cation-Exchanged Quantum Dots SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; cation exchange; halide passivation; PbSe QDs; solar cells ID SOLID-STATE; NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PASSIVATION; PARTICLES; GROWTH; FILMS AB We developed a single step, cation-exchange reaction that produces air-stable PbSe quantum dots (QDs) from ZnSe QDs and PbX2 (X = Cl, Br, or I) precursors. The resulting Pb Se QDs are terminated with halide anions and contain residual Zn cations. We characterized the Pb Se QDs using UV-vis-NIR absorption, photoluminescence quantum yield spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Solar cells fabricated from these PbSe QDs obtained an overall best power conversion efficiency of 6.47% at one sun illumination. The solar cell performance without encapsulation remains unchanged for over 50 days in ambient conditions; and after 50 days, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory certification team certified the device at 5.9%. C1 [Kim, Sungwoo; Marshal, Ashley R.; Kroupa, Daniel. M.; Miller, Elisa M.; Luther, Joseph M.; Beard, Matthew C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kim, Sungwoo; Jeong, Sohee] Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Nanomech Syst Res Div, Taejon 305343, South Korea. [Marshal, Ashley R.; Kroupa, Daniel. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Korea Inst Machinery & Mat, Nanomech Syst Res Div, Taejon 305343, South Korea. EM sjeong@kimm.re.kr; matt.beard@nrel.gov OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355; Jeong, Sohee/0000-0002-9863-1374 FU Center for Multiscale Energy Systems [2011-0031566]; KIAT [1415134409]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences supported device fabrication; NREL director's postdoctoral fellowship; DOE [DE-AC36-08G028308] FX S.K. was supported at NREL by the Global Frontier R&D program by the Center for Multiscale Energy Systems (2011-0031566) and the Global R&D program (1415134409) funded by KIAT. The Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences supported device fabrication. The solar photochemistry program within the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences supported synthesis and QD characterization. XPS work was funded by a NREL director's postdoctoral fellowship. DOE funding to NREL was provided through contract DE-AC36-08G028308. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 8 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8157 EP 8164 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b02326 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300044 PM 26222812 ER PT J AU Tepavcevic, S Liu, YZ Zhou, DH Lai, B Maser, J Zuo, XB Chan, H Kral, P Johnson, CS Stamenkovic, V Markovic, NM Rajh, T AF Tepavcevic, Sanja Liu, Yuzi Zhou, Dehua Lai, Barry Maser, Jorg Zuo, Xiaobing Chan, Henry Kral, Petr Johnson, Christopher S. Stamenkovic, Vojislav Markovic, Nenad M. Rajh, Tijana TI Nanostructured Layered Cathode for Rechargeable Mg-Ion Batteries SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanostructured electrodes; electrochemical synthesis; bilayered V2O5 hydrated oxide; magnesium ion battery XRF; mapping of transporting ions; HAADF ID MAGNESIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL INSERTION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; OXIDES; INTERCALATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CHALLENGE; SOLVATION; SYSTEMS AB Nanostructured bilayered V2O5 was electrochemically deposited within a carbon nanofoam conductive support. As-prepared electrochemically synthesized bilayered V2O5 incorporates structural water and hydroxyl groups, which effectively stabilizes the interlayers and provides coordinative preference to the Mg2+ cation in reversible cycling. This open-framework electrode shows reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Mg2+ ions in common electrolytes such as acetonitrile. Using a scanning transmission electron microscope we demonstrate that Mg2+ ions can be effectively intercalated into the interlayer spacing of nanostructured V2O5, enabling electrochemical magnesiation against a Mg anode with a specific capacity of 240 mAh/g. We employ HRTEM and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging to understand the role of environment in the intercalation processes. A rebuilt full cell was tested by employing a high-energy ball-milled Sn alloy anode in acetonitrile with Mg(CIO4)(2) salt. XRF microscopy reveals effective insertion of Mg ions throughout the V2O5 structure during discharge and removal of Mg ions during electrode charging, in agreement with the electrode capacity. We show using XANES and XRF microscopy that reversible Mg intercalation is limited by the anode capacity. C1 [Tepavcevic, Sanja; Liu, Yuzi; Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhou, Dehua; Johnson, Christopher S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lai, Barry; Maser, Jorg; Zuo, Xiaobing] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stamenkovic, Vojislav; Markovic, Nenad M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chan, Henry; Kral, Petr] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Kral, Petr] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Tepavcevic, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sanja@anl.gov; rajh@anl.gov RI Liu, Yuzi/C-6849-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Science User Facility [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]; Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR); Energy Innovation Hub; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Science User Facility under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. The work at the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub, was funded by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, is operated under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. The authors would like to thank Pietro P. Lopes for assistance with FTIR measurements. S.T. prepared all samples and performed their characterization. D.Z. prepared the high-energy ball-milled Sn anode and performed long cycling of the full Mg cells. Y.L. performed HRTEM as well as HAADF measurements. B.L. and J.M. performed XRF imaging measurements. H.C. and P.K. performed MD simulations, and VS., N.M., CJ., and T.R. directed the research and performed data analysis. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 49 U2 279 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8194 EP 8205 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b02450 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300048 PM 26169073 ER PT J AU Ting, VP Ramirez-Cuesta, AJ Bimbo, N Sharpe, JE Noguera-Diaz, A Presser, V Rudic, S Mays, TJ AF Ting, Valeska P. Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J. Bimbo, Nuno Sharpe, Jessica E. Noguera-Diaz, Antonio Presser, Volker Rudic, Svemir Mays, Timothy J. TI Direct Evidence for Solid-like Hydrogen in a Nanoporous Carbon Hydrogen Storage Material at Supercritical Temperatures SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoporous materials; hydrogen storage; carbon; neutron scattering ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CARBIDE-DERIVED CARBONS; H-2 ADSORPTION; POROUS CARBONS; PORE-SIZE; DIFFRACTION; NANOTUBES; PERFORMANCE; POROSITY AB Here we report direct physical evidence that confinement of molecular hydrogen (H-2) in an optimized nanoporous carbon results in accumulation of hydrogen with characteristics commensurate with solid H2 at temperatures up to 67 K above the liquid vapor critical temperature of bulk H2. This extreme densification is attributed to confinement of 112 molecules in the optimally sized micropores, and occurs at pressures as low as 0.02 MPa. The quantities of contained, solid-like H2 increased with pressure and were directly evaluated using in situ inelastic neutron scattering and confirmed by analysis of gas sorption isotherms. The demonstration of the existence of solid-like H2 challenges the existing assumption that supercritical hydrogen confined in nanopores has an upper limit of liquid H2 density. Thus, this insight offers opportunities for the development of more accurate models for the evaluation and design of nanoporous materials for high capacity adsorptive hydrogen storage. C1 [Ting, Valeska P.; Bimbo, Nuno; Sharpe, Jessica E.; Noguera-Diaz, Antonio; Mays, Timothy J.] Univ Bath, Dept Chem Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Presser, Volker] INM Leibniz Inst New Mat, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Presser, Volker] Univ Saarland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany. [Rudic, Svemir] Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Ting, VP (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Chem Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM v.ting@bath.ac.uk; t.j.mays@bath.ac.uk RI Presser, Volker/F-1975-2010; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/A-4296-2010; Bimbo, Nuno/N-2885-2016; Ting, Valeska/C-8665-2011 OI Presser, Volker/0000-0003-2181-0590; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/0000-0003-1231-0068; Bimbo, Nuno/0000-0001-8740-8284; Ting, Valeska/0000-0003-3049-0939 FU EPSRC Development Fund grant; University of Bath Prize Research Fellowship; EPSRC DTC in Sustainable Chemical Technologies at Bath (JES) [EP/K021109/1]; EPSRC SUPERGEN (UK-SHEC) [EP/J016454/1]; H2FC [EP/E040071/1]; Chris Goodway; Mark Kibble (STFC); STFC [RB1210041, RB1410602]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DoE) [DE-ACO5000R22725] FX This work was supported via an EPSRC Development Fund grant and a University of Bath Prize Research Fellowship (VPT), the EPSRC DTC in Sustainable Chemical Technologies at Bath (JES), EP/K021109/1 for NB and the EPSRC SUPERGEN (UK-SHEC, EP/J016454/1) and the H2FC, EP/E040071/1) (VPT, NB, AND, and TJM). We also thank Chris Goodway and Mark Kibble (STFC) for user support at ISIS, Jemma Rowlandson for PSD data on the OLC, Andrew Physick for attending later neutron experiments and the STFC for providing the ISIS beamtime (RB1210041, RB1410602). AJRC was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DoE) under Contract No. DE-ACO5000R22725. The authors thank MAST Carbon International for the TE7 and TE3 carbon beads and Dr. Eugene Mamontov (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), Dr. Jacek Jagiello (Micromeritics Instrument Corporation) and Prof. Steve Tennison (MAST Carbon International) for useful discussions. VP thanks Dr. Mesut Asian (INM) for his help with the synthesis of the carbon onions and Prof. Eduard Arzt (INM) for his continuing support. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8249 EP 8254 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b02623 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300053 PM 26171656 ER PT J AU He, Q Ishikawa, R Lupini, AR Qiao, L Moon, EJ Ovchinnikov, O May, SJ Biegalski, MD Borisevich, AY AF He, Qian Ishikawa, Ryo Lupini, Andrew R. Qiao, Liang Moon, Eun J. Ovchinnikov, Oleg May, Steven J. Biegalski, Michael D. Borisevich, Albina Y. TI Towards 3D Mapping of BO6 Octahedron Rotations at Perovskite Heterointerfaces, Unit Cell by Unit Cell SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE octahedral rotations; complex oxides; scanning transmission electron microscopy; interfaces ID OXIDE HETEROSTRUCTURES; MULTIFUNCTIONAL MATERIALS; SUPERLATTICES; TILTS; FERROELECTRICITY; POLARIZATION; DISTORTIONS; INTERFACES; PHYSICS; BIFEO3 AB The rich functionalities in the ABO(3) perovskite oxides originate, at least in part, from the ability of the corner-connected BO6 octahedral network to host a large variety of cations through distortions and rotations. Characterizing these rotations, which have significant impact on both fundamental aspects of materials behavior and possible applications, remains a major challenge at heterointerfaces. In this work, we have developed a unique method to investigate BO6 rotation patterns in complex oxides ABO(3) with unit cell resolution at heterointerfaces, where novel properties often emerge. Our method involves column shape analysis in ABF-STEM images of the ABO(3) heterointerfaces taken in specific orientations. The rotating phase of BO6 octahedra can be identified for all three spatial dimensions without the need of case-by-case simulation. In several common rotation systems, quantitative measurements of all three rotation angles are now possible. Using this method, we examined interfaces between perovskites with distinct tilt systems as well as interfaces between tilted and untilted perovskites, identifying an unusual coupling behavior at the CaTiO3/LSAT interface. We believe this method will significantly improve our knowledge of complex oxide heterointerfaces. C1 [He, Qian; Ishikawa, Ryo; Lupini, Andrew R.; Borisevich, Albina Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lupini, Andrew R.; Ovchinnikov, Oleg; Borisevich, Albina Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Qiao, Liang; Biegalski, Michael D.; Borisevich, Albina Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ishikawa, Ryo] Univ Tokyo, Inst Engn Innovat, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [May, Steven J.] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ovchinnikov, Oleg] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. RP He, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM begian.lehigh@gmail.com; albinab@ornl.gov RI Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009; May, Steven/D-8563-2011; Moon, Eun Ju/C-7856-2014; Qiao, Liang/A-8165-2012; He, Qian/J-1277-2014; OI Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460; May, Steven/0000-0002-8097-1549; Ishikawa, Ryo/0000-0001-5801-0971 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; JSPS; Office of Science of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; ORNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) fund; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; US Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0132] FX Electron microscopy research (Q.H., R.I., A.R.L., and A.Y.B.) is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. R.I. acknowledges support from JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad. Q.H. partly used resources of NERSC supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Data analysis supported in part (O.O.) by ORNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) fund. CTO/LAST is supplied by L.Q. and M.B., supported by ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. ESMO/LSMO/STO is prepared in Drexel University (E.M. and S.M.), supported by the US Army Research Office under grant No. W911NF-12-1-0132. Q.H. would like to thank Professor P. Woodward at Ohio State University for his advice regarding perovskite model generation using POTATO. Finally, this paper is dedicated to the memory of one of the authors, Dr. Michael D. Biegalski, who recently passed away. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8412 EP 8419 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03232 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300071 PM 26174591 ER PT J AU Wu, LJ Xu, F Zhu, YM Brady, AB Huang, JP Durham, JL Dooryhee, E Marschilok, AC Takeuchi, ES Takeuchi, KJ AF Wu, Lijun Xu, Feng Zhu, Yimei Brady, Alexander B. Huang, Jianping Durham, Jessica L. Dooryhee, Eric Marschilok, Amy C. Takeuchi, Esther S. Takeuchi, Kenneth J. TI Structural Defects of Silver Hollandite, AgxMn8Oy, Nanorods: Dramatic Impact on Electrochemistry SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE silver hollandite; octahedral molecular sieve; oxygen defects; transmission electron microscopy; electron energy loss spectroscopy; lithium battery ID OCTAHEDRAL MOLECULAR-SIEVES; MANGANESE OXIDE; TUNNEL STRUCTURE; METAL IONS; NANOFIBERS; EXCHANGE; PHASE; OMS-2; AG AB Hollandites (OMS-2) are an intriguing class of sorbents, catalysts, and energy storage materials with a tunnel structure permitting one-dimensional insertion and deinsertion of ions and small molecules along the c direction. A 7-fold increase in delivered capacity for Li/AgxMn8O16 electrochemical cells (160 versus 23 mAh/g) observed upon a seemingly small change in silver content (x similar to 1.1 (L-Ag-OMS-2) and 1.6 (H-Ag-OMS-2)) led us to characterize the structure and defects of the silver hollandite material. Herein, Ag hollandite nanorods are studied through the combined use of local (atomic imaging, electron diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy) and bulk (synchrotron based X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis) techniques. Selected area diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy show a structure consistent with that refined by XRD; however, the Ag occupancy varies significantly even within neighboring channels. Both local and bulk measurements indicate a greater quantity of oxygen vacancies in L-Ag-OMS-2, resulting in lower average Mn valence relative to H-Ag-OMS-2. Electron energy loss spectroscopy shows a lower Mn oxidation state on the surface relative to the interior of the nanorods, where the average Mn valence is approximately Mn3.7+ for H-Ag-OMS-2 and Mn3.5+ for L-Ag-OMS-2 nanorods, respectively. The higher delivered capacity of L-Ag-OMS-2 may be related to more oxygen vacancies compared to H-Ag-OMS-2. Thus, the oxygen vacancies and MnO6 octahedra distortion are assumed to open the MnO6 octahedra walls, facilitating Li diffusion in the ab plane. These results indicate crystallite size and surface defects are significant factors affecting battery performance. C1 [Wu, Lijun; Xu, Feng; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Feng] Southeast Univ, Sch Elect Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Key Lab MEMS,SEU FEI Nanopico Ctr, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Huang, Jianping; Durham, Jessica L.; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Brady, Alexander B.; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dooryhee, Eric] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci Div, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Takeuchi, Esther S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhu@bnl.gov; kenneth.takeuchi.1@stonybrook.edu RI Huang, Jianping/C-9379-2014 OI Huang, Jianping/0000-0002-8391-1381 FU Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012673]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0012704]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX This work was supported as part of the Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award #DE-SC0012673. TEM work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. The authors express their appreciation to Milinda Abeykoon and Jianming Bai for helpful discussions related to X-ray powder diffraction refinement. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 15 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8430 EP 8439 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03274 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300073 PM 26181235 ER PT J AU Falmbigl, M Putzky, D Ditto, J Esters, M Bauers, SR Ronning, F Johnson, DC AF Falmbigl, Matthias Putzky, Daniel Ditto, Jeffrey Esters, Marco Bauers, Sage R. Ronning, Filip Johnson, David C. TI Influence of Defects on the Charge Density Wave of ([SnSe](1+delta))(1)(VSe2)(1) Ferecrystals SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE intergrowth compounds; ferecrystals; stacking defects; heat capacity; carrier concentration; charge density wave ID MISFIT LAYER COMPOUNDS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSITION; GRAPHENE; FILMS; 1T-VSE2; TISE2; HEAT; NANOSHEETS; CHEMISTRY AB A series of ferecrystalline compounds ([SnSe](1+delta))(1)(VSe2)(1) with varying Sn/V ratios were synthesized using the modulated elemental reactant technique. Temperature-dependent specific heat data reveal a phase transition at 102 K, where the heat capacity changes abruptly. An abrupt increase in electrical resistivity occurs at the same temperature, correlated with an abrupt increase in the Hall coefficient. Combined with the magnitude and nature of the specific heat discontinuity, this suggests that the transition is similar to the charge density wave transitions in transition metal dichalcogenides. An ordered intergrowth was formed over a surprisingly wide compositional range of Sn/V ratios of 0.89 <= 1 + delta <= 1.37. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal the formation of various volume defects in the compounds in response to the nonstoichiometry. The electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient data of samples with different Sn/V ratios show systematic variation in the carrier concentration with the Sn/V ratio. There is no significant change in the onset temperature of the charge density wave transition, only a variation in the carrier densities before and after the transition. Given the sensitivity of the charge density wave transitions of transition metal dichalcogenides to variations in composition, it is very surprising that the charge density wave transition observed at 102 K for ([SnSe](1.15))(1)(VSe2)(1) is barely influenced by the nonstoichiometry and structural defects. This might be a consequence of the two-dimensional nature of the structurally independent VSe2 layers. C1 [Falmbigl, Matthias; Putzky, Daniel; Ditto, Jeffrey; Esters, Marco; Bauers, Sage R.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Inst Mat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Falmbigl, Matthias; Putzky, Daniel; Ditto, Jeffrey; Esters, Marco; Bauers, Sage R.; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Ronning, Filip] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Inst Mat Sci, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM davej@uoregon.edu OI Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1266217]; National Science Foundation through CCI [CHE-1102637]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; [MRI 0923577] FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-1266217. M.F., J.D., M.E., and S.R.B. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through CCI Grant Number CHE-1102637. F.R, was supported under the auspices of the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Grant MRI 0923577 provided funding for the dual-beam focused ion beam used to make TEM cross sections. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 13 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8440 EP 8448 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03361 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300074 PM 26172638 ER PT J AU Novotny, Z Netzer, FR Dohnalek, Z AF Novotny, Zbynek Netzer, Falko R. Dohnalek, Zdenek TI Cerium Oxide Nanoclusters on Graphene/Ru (0001): Intercalation of Oxygen via Spillover SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE ceria; oxide cluster; graphene on Ru; scanning tunneling microscopy; Auger electron spectroscopy; graphene etching; oxygen intercalation; spillover ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; RU(0001); ADSORPTION; RUTHENIUM; OXIDATION; LAYER; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Cerium oxide is an important catalytic material known for its ability to store and release oxygen, and as such, it has been used in a range of applications, both as an active catalyst and as a catalyst support. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy, we investigated oxygen interactions with CeOx nanoclusters on a complete graphene monolayer-covered Ru(0001) surface at elevated temperatures (600-725 K). Under oxidizing conditions (P-O2 = 1 x 10(-7) Torr), oxygen intercalation under the graphene layer is observed. Time dependent studies demonstrate that the intercalation proceeds via spillover of oxygen from CeOx nanoclusters through the graphene (Gr) layer onto the Ru(0001) substrate and extends until the Gr layer is completely intercalated. Atomically resolved images further show that oxygen forms a p(2 x 1) structure underneath the Gr monolayer. Temperature dependent studies yield an apparent kinetic barrier for the intercalation of 1.21 eV. This value correlates well with the theoretically determined value for the reduction of small CeO2 clusters reported previously. At higher temperatures, the intercalation is followed by a slower etching of the intercalated graphene (apparent barrier of 1.60 eV). Vacuum annealing of the intercalated fir leads to the formation of carbon monoxide, causing etching of the graphene film, demonstrating that the spillover of oxygen is not reversible. In agreement with previous studies, no intercalation is observed on a complete graphene monolayer without CeOx clusters, even in the presence of a large number of point defects. These studies demonstrate that the easily reducible CeOx clusters act as intercalation gateways capable of efficiently delivering oxygen underneath the graphene layer. C1 [Novotny, Zbynek; Dohnalek, Zdenek] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Novotny, Zbynek; Dohnalek, Zdenek] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Netzer, Falko R.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, Surface & Interface Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Netzer, FR (reprint author), Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, Surface & Interface Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM falko.netzer@uni-graz.at; zdenek.dohnalek@pnnl.gov OI Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences Biosciences; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; PNNL; University of Graz FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences and performed in EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. F.P.N. acknowledges the award of an Alternate Sponsored Fellowship at PNNL and financial support of the University of Graz. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Rentao Mu for stimulating discussions. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 18 U2 76 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 8617 EP 8626 DI 10.1021/acsnano.5b03987 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CQ0YA UT WOS:000360323300095 PM 26230753 ER PT J AU Li, CY Liu, S Hurtado, A Wright, JB Xu, HW Luk, TS Figiel, JJ Brener, I Brueck, SRJ Wang, GT AF Li, Changyi Liu, Sheng Hurtado, Antonio Wright, Jeremy B. Xu, Huiwen Luk, Ting Shan Figiel, Jeffrey J. Brener, Igal Brueck, Steven R. J. Wang, George T. TI Annular-Shaped Emission from Gallium Nitride Nanotube Lasers SO ACS PHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE nanotube; laser; GaN; annular emission ID NANOWIRE LASERS; NANOFLUIDICS AB Annular-shaped lasing emission is demonstrated from gallium nitride nanotubes fabricated using a two-step top-down technique. By optically pumping, we observe a clear threshold of 1055 kW/cm(2), a narrow spectral linewidth of 0.19 nm, and guided emission from the nanotubes. Lasing is also demonstrated in a liquid environment, with an approximate doubling in threshold observed. The nanotube lasers could be of interest for optical nanofluidic applications or applications benefiting from a hollow beam shape. More generally, the results indicate that cross-sectional shape control can be employed to manipulate the properties of nanolasers. C1 [Li, Changyi; Wright, Jeremy B.; Xu, Huiwen; Brueck, Steven R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Liu, Sheng; Wright, Jeremy B.; Luk, Ting Shan; Figiel, Jeffrey J.; Brener, Igal; Wang, George T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Liu, Sheng; Luk, Ting Shan; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hurtado, Antonio] Univ Strathclyde, Inst Photon, Dept Phys, Wolfson Ctr, Glasgow G4 0NW, Lanark, Scotland. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sandia.gov OI Hurtado, Antonio/0000-0002-4448-9034 FU Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; European Commission under Programme FP7 Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowships (IOF) [PIOF-GA-2010-273822]; Lockheed Martin Corporation for U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work is supported by Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The e-beam patterning was funded by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Dr. Antonio Hurtado acknowledges support by the European Commission under the Programme FP7 Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowships (IOF) Grant PIOF-GA-2010-273822. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2330-4022 J9 ACS PHOTONICS JI ACS Photonics PD AUG PY 2015 VL 2 IS 8 BP 1025 EP 1029 DI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00039 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA CP6AT UT WOS:000359967400005 ER PT J AU Wang, HY Chen, M Jiang, B Tong, WQ Qian, Q Lin, KH Liu, F AF Wang, Hongyu Chen, Ming Jiang, Bin Tong, Weiqi Qian, Qun Lin, Kunhua Liu, Feng TI Solution-Processable Platinum-Acetylide-based Small Molecular Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE platinum; acetylide; optoelectronic property; morphology; organic solar cells ID PHOTOVOLTAIC PERFORMANCE; BENZODITHIOPHENE UNIT; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; COMPLEXES; OLIGOMERS AB Two new solution-processable A'-D--Pt(PEt3)(2)--D-A' structured molecules, namely, CNPT and DRPT, were synthesized and characterized for photovoltaic applications. Their optoelectronic properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption and cyclic voltammograms. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and resonant soft X-ray scattering studies revealed that the DIO additive could enhance the crystallization of CNPT and reduce the size of phase separation of CNPT:PC71BM blends, while the addition of DIO showed little influence on the crystallization and morphology of the DRPT:PC71BM blends. Processing with the DIO additive, CNPT:PC71BM based solar cells showed a best power conversion efficiency of 1.4%, with a J(sc) of 4.14 mA.cm(-2), a V-oc of 0.75 V, and a fill factor of 45.4%. C1 [Wang, Hongyu; Chen, Ming; Jiang, Bin; Tong, Weiqi; Qian, Qun; Lin, Kunhua] Shanghai Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hongyu] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Mol Engn Polymers, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Liu, Feng] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, HY (reprint author), Shanghai Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. EM wanghy@shu.edu.cn; iamfengliu@gmail.com RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Liu, Feng/J-4361-2014 OI Liu, Feng/0000-0002-5572-8512 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [61204020]; Polymer-Based Materials for Harvesting Solar Energy (PHaSE); Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001087]; DOE, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61204020). FL was supported by Polymer-Based Materials for Harvesting Solar Energy (PHaSE), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC0001087. Portions of this research were carried out at beamline 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, and Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1001-604X EI 1614-7065 J9 CHINESE J CHEM JI Chin. J. Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 33 IS 8 SI SI BP 917 EP 924 DI 10.1002/cjoc.201500260 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CP9NQ UT WOS:000360221600015 ER PT J AU Yan, XD Wang, ZH He, M Hou, ZH Xia, T Liu, G Chen, XB AF Yan, Xiaodong Wang, Zhihui He, Min Hou, Zhaohui Xia, Ting Liu, Gao Chen, Xiaobo TI TiO2 Nanomaterials as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE batteries; energy transfer; lithium; nanostructures; titanium ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANODE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOMATERIALS; AMORPHOUS TIO2; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; MESOPOROUS TIO2; RATE CAPABILITY; HIGH-CAPACITY; RUTILE TIO2; CYCLE LIFE; LI+/ELECTRON CONDUCTIVITY AB With the increased focus on sustainable energy, Li-ion rechargeable batteries are playing more important roles in energy storage and utilization. Owing to their high safety, low cost, and moderate capacity, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have been considered as promising alternative anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. Here, we present a concise overview of past research efforts on TiO2 nanomaterials as anode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries. We focus on research examples that illustrate the importance of the nanometer-scale, shape, dimensionality, and morphology of the TiO2 nanomaterials to their electro-chemical properties for Li-ion storage. Representative examples are given for nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanosheets, and three-dimensional materials, as well as amorphous structures. Approaches to improve the performance of TiO2 nanomaterials such as carbon coating, bulk doping, self-structural modification, and compositing are surveyed briefly. Progress in the use of TiO2 nanomaterials in full-cell configurations is also reviewed. Finally, the challenges for the practical applications of TiO2 nanomaterials in Li-ion rechargeable batteries are discussed briefly. C1 [Yan, Xiaodong; He, Min; Hou, Zhaohui; Xia, Ting; Chen, Xiaobo] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Wang, Zhihui; Liu, Gao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [He, Min] Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430081, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Hou, Zhaohui] Hunan Inst Sci & Technol, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Yueyang 414006, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Liu, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLiu@lbl.gov; chenxiaobo@umkc.edu RI Yan, Xiaodong/A-2493-2016 OI Yan, Xiaodong/0000-0003-1990-8927 FU College of Arts and Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City; University of Missouri Research Board; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the United State Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX X.C. is grateful for the support from College of Arts and Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, the University of Missouri Research Board, and the generous gift from Dow Kokam. G.L. thanks the fund by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the United State Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 116 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 39 U2 216 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2194-4288 EI 2194-4296 J9 ENERGY TECHNOL-GER JI Energy Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 3 IS 8 BP 801 EP 814 DI 10.1002/ente.201500039 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CP9NL UT WOS:000360221000002 ER PT J AU Bai, Y Li, Y Wu, C Lu, J Li, H Liu, ZL Zhong, YX Chen, S Zhang, CZ Amine, K Wu, F AF Bai, Ying Li, Yu Wu, Chuan Lu, Jun Li, Hui Liu, Zhaolin Zhong, Yunxia Chen, Shi Zhang, Cunzhong Amine, Khalil Wu, Feng TI Lithium-Rich Nanoscale Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Cathode Material Prepared by Co-Precipitation Combined Freeze Drying (CP-FD) for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE co-precipitation; electrochemistry; freeze drying; lithium-ion batteries; nanomaterials ID IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY LOSS; NICKEL-MANGANESE-OXIDES; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; SECONDARY BATTERIES; ANOMALOUS CAPACITY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; LIMO2 M; LI AB Nanoscale Li-rich Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material is synthesized by a co-precipitation combined freeze drying (CP-FD) method, and compared with a conventional co-precipitation method combined vacuum drying (CP-VD). With the combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is found that the sample from CP-FD method consists of a pure phase with good crystallinity and small, homogenous particles (100-300 nm) with uniform particle size distribution. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) shows that the sample has a stoichiometric ratio of n((Li)): n((Mn)): n((Ni)): n((Co))=9: 4: 1: 1; and its Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area is 5.749 m(2)g(-1). This sample achieves excellent electrochemical properties: its initial discharge capacities are 298.9 mAhg(-1) at 0.1C (20 mAg(-1)), 246.1 mAhg(-1) at 0.5C, 215.8 mAhg(-1) at 1C, and 154.2 mAhg(-1) at 5C (5C charge and 5C discharge), as well as good cycling performance. In addition, the Li+ chemical diffusion coefficient of Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material prepared by the CP-FD method is 4.59 x 10(-11) cm(2) s(-1), which is higher than that of the Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 material prepared by CP-VD. This phenomenon illustrates the potential for Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 with good rate performance synthesized by CP-FD method. C1 [Bai, Ying; Li, Yu; Wu, Chuan; Li, Hui; Zhong, Yunxia; Chen, Shi; Zhang, Cunzhong; Wu, Feng] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Environm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Lu, Jun; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Zhaolin] Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore, Singapore. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 South,Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM junlu@anl.gov; wufeng863@bit.edu.cn RI wu, chuan/A-1447-2009 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2015CB251100]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-10-0047]; Beijing co-construction project [20150939014]; Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Power Battery and Chemical Energy Materials; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357]; Vehicle Technologies Office, Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; State Scholarship Fund of the China Scholarship Council [201406035025] FX This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB251100), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-10-0047), the Beijing co-construction project (No. 20150939014), and the Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Power Battery and Chemical Energy Materials. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0206CH11357, with the main support provided by the Vehicle Technologies Office, Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Y. Bai acknowledges the support from the State Scholarship Fund (No. 201406035025) of the China Scholarship Council. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 56 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 2194-4288 EI 2194-4296 J9 ENERGY TECHNOL-GER JI Energy Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 3 IS 8 BP 843 EP 850 DI 10.1002/ente.201500030 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CP9NL UT WOS:000360221000008 ER PT J AU Zheng, LG Spycher, N Varadharajan, C Tinnacher, RM Pugh, JD Bianchi, M Birkholzer, J Nico, PS Trautz, RC AF Zheng, Liange Spycher, Nicolas Varadharajan, Charuleka Tinnacher, Ruth M. Pugh, John D. Bianchi, Marco Birkholzer, Jens Nico, Peter S. Trautz, Robert C. TI On the mobilization of metals by CO2 leakage into shallow aquifers: exploring release mechanisms by modeling field and laboratory experiments SO GREENHOUSE GASES-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE groundwater; carbonic acid; leak; CO2 sequestration; CCS; CCUS ID FRESH-WATER RESOURCES; MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; BATCH-REACTION EXPERIMENT; DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; NATURAL ANALOG SITE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; GEOLOGICAL STORAGE; POTENTIAL IMPACTS; POTABLE AQUIFERS; GROUNDWATER AB The dissolution of CO2 in water leads to a pH decrease and a carbonate content increase in affected groundwater, which in turn can drive the mobilization of metals from sediments. The mechanisms of metal release postulated in various field and laboratory studies often differ. Drawing primarily on previously published results, we examine contrasting metal mobilization behaviors at two field tests and in one laboratory study, to investigate whether the same mechanisms could explain metal releases in these different experiments. Numerical modeling of the two field tests reveals that fast Ca-driven cation exchange (from calcite dissolution) can explain the release of most major and trace metal cations at both sites, and their parallel concentration trends. The dissolution of other minerals reacting more slowly (superimposed on cation exchange) also contributes to metal release over longer time frames, but can be masked by fast ambient groundwater velocities. Therefore, the magnitude and extent of mobilization depends not only on metal-mineral associations and sediment pH buffering characteristics, but also on groundwater flow rates, thus on the residence time of CO2-impacted groundwater relative to the rates of metal-release reactions. Sequential leaching laboratory tests modeled using the same metal-release concept as postulated from field experiments show that both field and laboratory data can be explained by the same processes. The reversibility of metal release upon CO2 degassing by de-pressurization is also explored using simple geochemical models, and shows that the sequestration of metals by resorption and re-precipitation upon CO2 exsolution is quite plausible and may warrant further attention. (C) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Zheng, Liange; Spycher, Nicolas; Varadharajan, Charuleka; Tinnacher, Ruth M.; Birkholzer, Jens; Nico, Peter S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Pugh, John D.] Southern Co Serv, Birmingham, AL USA. [Bianchi, Marco] British Geol Survey, Keyworth NG12 5GG, Notts, England. [Trautz, Robert C.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Zheng, LG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RI Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011; Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010; zheng, liange/B-9748-2011; Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010; Varadharajan, Charuleka/G-3741-2015 OI Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912; Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397; zheng, liange/0000-0002-9376-2535; Varadharajan, Charuleka/0000-0002-4142-3224 FU Electric Power Research Institute; EPA, Office of Water; US Department of Energy (DOE) at LBNL [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), National Risk Assessment Program (NRAP), of the US Department of Energy [DEAC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute; the EPA, Office of Water, under an Interagency Agreement with the US Department of Energy (DOE) at LBNL, under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; and the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), National Risk Assessment Program (NRAP), of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2152-3878 J9 GREENH GASES JI Greenh. Gases PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 403 EP 418 DI 10.1002/ghg.1493 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ1KP UT WOS:000360356800006 ER PT J AU Rasmusson, K Tsang, CF Tsang, Y Rasmusson, M Pan, LH Fagerlund, F Bensabat, J Niemi, A AF Rasmusson, Kristina Tsang, Chin-Fu Tsang, Yvonne Rasmusson, Maria Pan, Lehua Fagerlund, Fritjof Bensabat, Jacob Niemi, Auli TI Distribution of injected CO2 in a stratified saline reservoir accounting for coupled wellbore-reservoir flow SO GREENHOUSE GASES-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CCS; flow distribution; geological storage; layered formation; wellbore model ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; 2-PHASE FLOW; 3 SANDSTONES; IMPACT AB Geological storage in sedimentary basins is considered a viable technology in mitigating atmospheric CO2 emissions. Alternating high and low permeability strata are common in these basins. The distribution of injected CO2 among such layers affects e.g. CO2 storage efficiency, capacity and plume footprint. A numerical study on the distribution of injected CO2 into a multi-layered reservoir, accounting for coupled wellbore-reservoir flow, was carried out using the T2Well/ECO2N code. A site-specific case as well as a more general case were considered. Properties and processes governing the distribution of sequestrated CO2 were identified and the potential to operationally modify the distribution was investigated. The distribution of CO2 was seen to differ from that of injected water, i.e. it was not proportional to the transmissivity of the layers. The results indicate that caution should be taken when performing numerical simulations of CO2 injection into layered formations. Ignoring coupled wellbore-reservoir flow and instead adopting a simple boundary condition at the injection well, such as an inflow rate proportional to the transmissivity of each layer, may result in significant underestimation of the proportion of CO2 ending up in the shallower layers, as not all relevant processes are accounted for. This discrepancy has been thoroughly investigated and quantified for several CO2 sequestration scenarios. (C) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Rasmusson, Kristina; Tsang, Chin-Fu; Tsang, Yvonne; Rasmusson, Maria; Fagerlund, Fritjof; Niemi, Auli] Uppsala Univ, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Tsang, Chin-Fu; Tsang, Yvonne; Pan, Lehua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bensabat, Jacob] EWRE, Environm & Water Resources Engn Ltd, Haifa, Israel. RP Rasmusson, K (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Villavagen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. EM kristina.rasmusson@geo.uu.se RI Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 FU European Community [227286]; EU FP7 RD program [309067] FX The research leading to these results is supported by funding from the European Community's 7th Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no 227286, project MUSTANG, and the EU FP7 R&D program under grant agreement no309067, project TRUST, which is gratefully acknowledged. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful review and constructive comments for improving the manuscript. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 6 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2152-3878 J9 GREENH GASES JI Greenh. Gases PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 419 EP 436 DI 10.1002/ghg.1477 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ1KP UT WOS:000360356800007 ER PT J AU Vilarrasa, V Rutqvist, J Rinaldi, AP AF Vilarrasa, Victor Rutqvist, Jonny Rinaldi, Antonio Pio TI Thermal and capillary effects on the caprock mechanical stability at In Salah, Algeria SO GREENHOUSE GASES-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermal stresses; induced seismicity; geologic carbon storage; geomechanical stability ID DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS; CO2 STORAGE PROJECT; GEOTHERMAL-RESERVOIRS; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; MULTIPHASE FLOW; INJECTION WELL; FAULT-SLIP; FLUID-FLOW; LEAKAGE; MEDIA AB Thermo-mechanical effects are important in geologic carbon storage because CO2 will generally reach the storage formation colder than the rock, inducing thermal stresses. Capillary functions, i.e., retention and relative permeability curves, control the CO2 plume shape, which may affect overpressure and thus, caprock stability. To analyze these thermal and capillary effects, we numerically solve non-isothermal injection of CO2 in deformable porous media considering the In Salah, Algeria, CO2 storage site. We find that changes in the capillary functions have a negligible effect on overpressure and thus, caprock stability is not affected by capillary effects. However, we show that for the strike slip stress regime prevalent at In Salah, stability decreases in the lowest parts of the caprock during injection due to cooling-induced thermal stresses. Simulations show that shear slip along pre-existing fractures may take place in the cooled region, whereas tensile failure is less likely to occur. Indeed, only the injection zone and the lowest tens of meters of the 900-m-thick caprock at In Salah might be affected by cooling effects, which would thus not jeopardize the overall sealing capacity of the caprock. Furthermore, faults are likely to remain stable far away from the injection well because outside the cooled region the injection-induced stress changes are not sufficient to exceed the anticipated shear strength of minor faults. Nevertheless, we recommend that thermal effects should be considered in the site characterization and injection design of future CO2 injection sites to assess caprock stability and guarantee a permanent CO2 storage. (C) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Vilarrasa, Victor; Rutqvist, Jonny; Rinaldi, Antonio Pio] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vilarrasa, Victor; Rinaldi, Antonio Pio] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Vilarrasa, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM victor.vilarrasa@upc.edu RI Rinaldi, Antonio Pio/N-3284-2013; Vilarrasa, Victor/A-1700-2016; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rinaldi, Antonio Pio/0000-0001-7052-8618; Vilarrasa, Victor/0000-0003-1169-4469; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 FU Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory under US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; In Salah JIP; BP; Statoil; Sonatrach FX This work was funded by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory under US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Review comments on thenitial manuscript by Lykke Gemmer, Statiol, are greatly appreciated. The authors would like to thank the In Salah JIP and their partners BP, Statoil, and Sonatrach for providing field data and technical input over the past 8 years as well as for financial support during LBNL's participation in the In Salah JIP, 2011-2013. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2152-3878 J9 GREENH GASES JI Greenh. Gases PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 449 EP 461 DI 10.1002/ghg.1486 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ1KP UT WOS:000360356800009 ER PT J AU Bao, J Xu, ZJ Fang, YL AF Bao, Jie Xu, Zhijie Fang, Yilin TI A coupled discrete element and finite element model for multiscale simulation of geological carbon sequestration SO GREENHOUSE GASES-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 geological sequestration; geomechanics; hydro-mechanical; bonded discrete element method; fracture growth; multiscale; sustainability ID CO2; ROCK; PRESSURE; BOXPLOT; CAPROCK AB We present a numerical study using a discrete element method (DEM) coupled with a finite element method (FEM) at the boundary to simulate the fluid flow, geomechanical deformation, and dynamic fracturing together to enhance the sustainability analysis for geological sequestration of CO2. The fluid flow, geomechanical deformation, and fracturing due to the injection of fluid are all modeled by the bonded DEM (bonded-DEM), where fluid flow is modeled by solving the Darcy flow directly on the Lagrangian particles. Because of the high computational expense, the bonded-DEM is only used in the domain where fracturing is highly possible, namely the area near to the injection well and around the pre-existing fault. For the area far away from the high risky domain, the deformation and pressure solutions are obtained by a standard finite element method (FEM). The stress, deformation, and pressure obtained from FEM are fed back into the bonded-DEM simulations as boundary conditions that were applied to the DEM boundary particles. The proposed model has the potential to be used to evaluate the safety and sustainability of a sequestration site. By predicting the critical time when the fault is reactivated and the time when CO2 breaks through the caprock through the reactivated fault. The model also shows that the ground surface displacement can be used as an effective monitoring indicator for fracturing, fault reactivation, and CO2 breakthrough in aquifer and caprock, implying a very useful monitoring method for the safety of any sequestration site. (C) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd C1 [Bao, Jie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Expt & Computat Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xu, Zhijie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Math Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fang, Yilin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bao, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Expt & Computat Engn Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jie.bao@pnnl.gov RI Xu, Zhijie/A-1627-2009 OI Xu, Zhijie/0000-0003-0459-4531 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Carbon Sequestration Initiative, which is part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was funded and conducted through the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Carbon Sequestration Initiative, which is part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 2152-3878 J9 GREENH GASES JI Greenh. Gases PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 4 BP 474 EP 486 DI 10.1002/ghg.1491 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CQ1KP UT WOS:000360356800011 ER PT J AU Drummond, LA Duff, IS Guivarch, R Ruiz, D Zenadi, M AF Drummond, L. A. Duff, Iain S. Guivarch, Ronan Ruiz, Daniel Zenadi, Mohamed TI Partitioning strategies for the block Cimmino algorithm SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Numerical Algebra and Scientific Computing (NASC) CY OCT 20-24, 2012 CL Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Math & Syst Sci, Dalian Univ Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE Cuthill McKee; Hypergraph partitioning; Iterative methods; Sparse matrices; Unsymmetric matrices ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; PROJECTION METHOD AB In the context of the block Cimmino algorithm, we study preprocessing strategies to obtain block partitionings that can be applied to general linear systems of equations . We study strategies that transform the matrix into a matrix with a block tridiagonal structure. This provides a partitioning of the linear system for row projection methods because block Cimmino is essentially equivalent to block Jacobi on the normal equations, and the resulting partition will yield a two-block partition of the original matrix. Therefore, the resulting block partitioning should improve the rate of convergence of block row projection methods such as block Cimmino. We discuss a method for obtaining a partitioning using a dropping strategy that gives more blocks at the cost of relaxing the two-block partitioning. We then use a hypergraph partitioning that works directly on the matrix to reduce directly the connections between blocks. We give numerical results showing the performance of these techniques both in their effect on the convergence of the block Cimmino algorithm and in their ability to exploit parallelism. C1 [Drummond, L. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Duff, Iain S.] CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. [Duff, Iain S.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Guivarch, Ronan; Ruiz, Daniel; Zenadi, Mohamed] ENSEEIHT IRIT, F-31071 Toulouse 7, France. RP Duff, IS (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, R18, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM iain.duff@stfc.ac.uk FU ANR-BARESAFE project - French National Agency for Research [ANR-11-MONU-004]; EPSRC [EP/I013067/1] FX This work was partially funded by the ANR-BARESAFE project, ANR-11-MONU-004, Programme Modeles Numeriques 2011, supported by the French National Agency for Research. The authors were granted access to the HPC resources of CALMIP under allocation 2013-P0989. We thank the four referees for their detailed comments on the first version of the manuscript. The research of I.S. Duff was supported in part by the EPSRC Grant EP/I013067/1. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 EI 1573-2703 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 93 IS 1 SI SI BP 21 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s10665-014-9699-0 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA CP7QY UT WOS:000360084200003 ER PT J AU Bruner, KR Walker-Milani, M Smosna, R AF Bruner, Kathy R. Walker-Milani, Margaret Smosna, Richard TI LITHOFACIES OF THE DEVONIAN MARCELLUS SHALE IN THE EASTERN APPALACHIAN BASIN, USA SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; FORELAND BASIN; BLACK SHALES; DEPOSITION; EVENTS; EVOLUTION; STRATA; FACIES; MODEL; STORM AB The Marcellus Shale is an important hydrocarbon source rock and an unconventional reservoir whose origin has engendered much recent debate among geologists. Our analysis of the formation in West Virginia and adjacent States aims to identify and describe the several lithofacies in the eastern Appalachian basin and to interpret their depositional setting. The study is based on field, hand-sample, and microscopic observations, supplemented by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and gamma-ray-scintillometer data. We identify five major lithofacies: (1) calcitic coarse mudstone, quartz-silty and sparsely fossiliferous; (2) skeletal wackestone-packstone limestone, exhibiting a low to moderate faunal diversity; (3) calcitic carbonaceous medium mudstone, containing a high organic-carbon content and low-density, low-diversity fossil community; (4) siliceous carbonaceous fine mudstone, exceedingly radioactive with a high organic-carbon content and usually barren of benthic fossils; and (5) argillaceous coarse mudstone, quartz-silty, micaceous, and kaolinitic. Most layers of Facies 4 mudstone-the quintessential black shale of the Marcellus-formed in a stagnant, anoxic environment beneath a stratified water column and starved of terrigenous sediment. Yet, some layers of this same facies plus the other closely associated mudstones and limestone record markedly different conditions. Rhythmic organic-rich and -poor laminae indicate periods of a stratified water column followed by mixing of the water body. Rip-up clasts, graded bedding, and small-scale cross-bedding resulted from moderate storm action down to the sea floor. Alternating styliolinid-rich and -poor laminae point to a repeated disruption of the thermocline and the recycling of bottom nutrients up to the surface water. The communities of benthic organisms and reduced organic-carbon contents reflect times of oxic-dysoxic bottom water. Widely varying thorium/uranium geochemical ratios suggest that the redox potential in the depositional environment shifted frequently between anoxic (Th/U<2.0), dysoxic (Th/U = 2.0-4.0), and oxic (Th/U>4.0). Finally quartz-silty, micaceous, and kaolinitic mudstones demonstrate a considerable influx of terrigenous coarse mud. Our research argues for a relatively shallow marine setting in which the sea floor everywhere in the study area remained above storm-wave base, the thermocline was intermittent being tied to a seasonal stratification-mixing cycle, the redox state of the benthic zone varied considerably, and the supply of detrital silt was at times quite high. C1 [Bruner, Kathy R.; Smosna, Richard] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Bruner, Kathy R.; Smosna, Richard] URS Corp, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Bruner, Kathy R.; Walker-Milani, Margaret; Smosna, Richard] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Walker-Milani, Margaret] Shell EP, Houston, TX 77079 USA. RP Bruner, KR (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM rsmosna@wvu.edu FU National Energy Technology Laboratory's research on unconventional gas resources under RES [DE-FE0004000]; URS Corporation; Enerplus Resources (USA) Corporation FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's research on unconventional gas resources under RES contract DE-FE0004000. Field and lab studies were made possible by a grant from URS Corporation; additional funds were provided by Enerplus Resources (USA) Corporation through Gus Gustason and Tim Carr. Kyle Littlefield greatly assisted with field work. Mohindar Seehra, Vivek Singh, and Mohita Yalamanchi performed X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses of selected mudstone samples. Greg Vardilos prepared special wedge-shaped thin sections suitable for mudstone, and Richard Vessell performed an X-ray diffraction analysis of the radiolarite. Dan Soeder, Taury Smith, and Gary Lash kindly reviewed the manuscript. Finally we extend a very special thanks to Joe Macquaker, whose review comments and suggestions significantly improved our paper. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 30 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 6128 EAST 38TH ST, STE 308, TULSA, OK 74135-5814 USA SN 1527-1404 EI 1938-3681 J9 J SEDIMENT RES JI J. Sediment. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 85 IS 8 BP 937 EP 954 DI 10.2110/jsr.2015.62 PG 18 WC Geology SC Geology GA CP8QT UT WOS:000360159900001 ER PT J AU Bao, W Borys, NJ Ko, C Suh, J Fan, W Thron, A Zhang, YJ Buyanin, A Zhang, J Cabrini, S Ashby, PD Weber-Bargioni, A Tongay, S Aloni, S Ogletree, DF Wu, JQ Salmeron, MB Schuck, PJ AF Bao, Wei Borys, Nicholas J. Ko, Changhyun Suh, Joonki Fan, Wen Thron, Andrew Zhang, Yingjie Buyanin, Alexander Zhang, Jie Cabrini, Stefano Ashby, Paul D. Weber-Bargioni, Alexander Tongay, Sefaattin Aloni, Shaul Ogletree, D. Frank Wu, Junqiao Salmeron, Miquel B. Schuck, P. James TI Visualizing nanoscale excitonic relaxation properties of disordered edges and grain boundaries in monolayer molybdenum disulfide SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER MOS2; 2-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS; OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES; GRAPHENE PLASMONS; ENERGY TRANSFER; ATOMIC LAYERS; HETEROGENEITY; ELECTRONICS; DIODES; STATES AB Two-dimensional monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors are ideal building blocks for atomically thin, flexible optoelectronic and catalytic devices. Although challenging for two-dimensional systems, sub-diffraction optical microscopy provides a nanoscale material understanding that is vital for optimizing their optoelectronic properties. Here we use the 'Campanile' nano-optical probe to spectroscopically image exciton recombination within monolayer MoS2 with sub-wavelength resolution (60 nm), at the length scale relevant to many critical optoelectronic processes. Synthetic monolayer MoS2 is found to be composed of two distinct optoelectronic regions: an interior, locally ordered but mesoscopically heterogeneous two-dimensional quantum well and an unexpected similar to 300-nm wide, energetically disordered edge region. Further, grain boundaries are imaged with sufficient resolution to quantify local exciton-quenching phenomena, and complimentary nano-Auger microscopy reveals that the optically defective grain boundary and edge regions are sulfur deficient. The nanoscale structure-property relationships established here are critical for the interpretation of edge-and boundary-related phenomena and the development of next-generation two-dimensional optoelectronic devices. C1 [Bao, Wei; Borys, Nicholas J.; Thron, Andrew; Zhang, Jie; Cabrini, Stefano; Ashby, Paul D.; Weber-Bargioni, Alexander; Aloni, Shaul; Ogletree, D. Frank; Schuck, P. James] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bao, Wei; Borys, Nicholas J.; Thron, Andrew; Zhang, Yingjie; Buyanin, Alexander; Cabrini, Stefano; Ashby, Paul D.; Weber-Bargioni, Alexander; Aloni, Shaul; Ogletree, D. Frank; Wu, Junqiao; Salmeron, Miquel B.; Schuck, P. James] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bao, Wei; Ko, Changhyun; Suh, Joonki; Fan, Wen; Tongay, Sefaattin; Wu, Junqiao; Salmeron, Miquel B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Yingjie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Buyanin, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tongay, Sefaattin] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Schuck, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pjschuck@lbl.gov RI Bao, Wei/B-4520-2014; Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011; Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016; Ko, Changhyun/E-1686-2011 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148; Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182; FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF CAREER Award [DMR-1055938] FX We thank Ed Wong for technical support, as well as our colleagues at the Molecular Foundry for stimulating discussion and assistance. P.J.S. thanks Prof. L. Cao for insightful discussion and direction. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Material growth, preparation and nano-Auger characterization were supported by a NSF CAREER Award under Grant DMR-1055938. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 25 U2 130 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7993 DI 10.1038/ncomms8993 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1IQ UT WOS:000360351000003 PM 26269394 ER PT J AU Cang, H Salandrino, A Wang, Y Zhang, X AF Cang, Hu Salandrino, Alessandro Wang, Yuan Zhang, Xiang TI Adiabatic far-field sub-diffraction imaging SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION OPTICS; LIGHT; RESOLUTION; SCALE AB The limited resolution of a conventional optical imaging system stems from the fact that the fine feature information of an object is carried by evanescent waves, which exponentially decays in space and thus cannot reach the imaging plane. We introduce here an adiabatic lens, which utilizes a geometrically conformal surface to mediate the interference of slowly decompressed electromagnetic waves at far field to form images. The decompression is satisfying an adiabatic condition, and by bridging the gap between far field and near field, it allows far-field optical systems to project an image of the near-field features directly. Using these designs, we demonstrated the magnification can be up to 20 times and it is possible to achieve sub-50 nm imaging resolution in visible. Our approach provides a means to extend the domain of geometrical optics to a deep sub-wavelength scale. C1 [Cang, Hu; Salandrino, Alessandro; Wang, Yuan; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cang, Hu] Salk Inst Bolog Studies, Waitt Adv Biophoton Ctr, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Phys, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, NSF Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr NSEC, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu RI Wang, Yuan/F-7211-2011; Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; US ARO MURI program [W911NF-09-1-0539]; NIH New Innovator [1-DP2-EB020400]; RTEF Career Development Award; Ellison Medical Foundation New Scholar in Aging Award FX We thank Dr Yongmin Liu for assistance. This research was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and US ARO MURI program (W911NF-09-1-0539). H.C. is supported by the NIH New Innovator Award 1-DP2-EB020400, RTEF Career Development Award, and Ellison Medical Foundation New Scholar in Aging Award. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7942 DI 10.1038/ncomms8942 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1GX UT WOS:000360346400007 PM 26258769 ER PT J AU Devaraj, A Gu, M Colby, R Yan, P Wang, CM Zheng, JM Xiao, J Genc, A Zhang, JG Belharouak, I Wang, D Amine, K Thevuthasan, S AF Devaraj, A. Gu, M. Colby, R. Yan, P. Wang, C. M. Zheng, J. M. Xiao, J. Genc, A. Zhang, J. G. Belharouak, I. Wang, D. Amine, K. Thevuthasan, S. TI Visualizing nanoscale 3D compositional fluctuation of lithium in advanced lithium-ion battery cathodes SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ATOM-PROBE TOMOGRAPHY; LI-ION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; SITE DISORDER; CU ALLOY; LINI0.5MN1.5O4; NICKEL; LI1.2NI0.2MN0.6O2; CHALLENGES AB The distribution of cations in Li-ion battery cathodes as a function of cycling is a pivotal characteristic of battery performance. The transition metal cation distribution has been shown to affect cathode performance; however, Li is notoriously challenging to characterize with typical imaging techniques. Here laser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT) is used to map the three-dimensional distribution of Li at a sub-nanometre spatial resolution and correlate it with the distribution of the transition metal cations (M) and the oxygen. As-fabricated layered Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 is shown to have Li-rich Li2MO3 phase regions and Li-depleted Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O-2 regions. Cycled material has an overall loss of Li in addition to Ni-, Mn- and Li-rich regions. Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is shown to have a uniform distribution of all cations. APT results were compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping with a scanning transmission electron microscope to confirm the transition metal cation distribution. C1 [Devaraj, A.; Gu, M.; Colby, R.; Yan, P.; Wang, C. M.; Thevuthasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Zheng, J. M.; Xiao, J.; Zhang, J. G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Genc, A.] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Belharouak, I.; Thevuthasan, S.] Qatar Fdn, Qatar Environm & Energy Res Inst, Doha, Qatar. [Wang, D.; Amine, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Devaraj, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM arun.devaraj@pnnl.gov RI Gu, Meng/B-8258-2013; yan, pengfei/E-4784-2016; Zheng, Jianming/F-2517-2014 OI yan, pengfei/0000-0001-6387-7502; Zheng, Jianming/0000-0002-4928-8194 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development fund from the Chemical Imaging Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]; Wiley Postdoctoral Fellowship FX The funding for the research described in this paper was from a Laboratory Directed Research and Development fund from the Chemical Imaging Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute, under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RLO1830 for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). RC would like to thank the Wiley Postdoctoral Fellowship for research funding. All the characterization was conducted in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 37 U2 186 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 8014 DI 10.1038/ncomms9014 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1IV UT WOS:000360351600006 PM 26272722 ER PT J AU Diao, Y Zhou, Y Kurosawa, T Shaw, L Wang, C Park, S Guo, YK Reinspach, JA Gu, K Gu, XD Tee, BCK Pang, CH Yan, HP Zhao, DH Toney, MF Mannsfeld, SCB Bao, ZA AF Diao, Ying Zhou, Yan Kurosawa, Tadanori Shaw, Leo Wang, Cheng Park, Steve Guo, Yikun Reinspach, Julia A. Gu, Kevin Gu, Xiaodan Tee, Benjamin C. K. Pang, Changhyun Yan, Hongping Zhao, Dahui Toney, Michael F. Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B. Bao, Zhenan TI Flow-enhanced solution printing of all-polymer solar cells SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR THIN-FILMS; HYDRODYNAMICALLY INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; BULK HETEROJUNCTIONS; EXCITON DIFFUSION; CASTING PROCESS; SHEAR-FLOW; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY AB Morphology control of solution coated solar cell materials presents a key challenge limiting their device performance and commercial viability. Here we present a new concept for controlling phase separation during solution printing using an all-polymer bulk heterojunction solar cell as a model system. The key aspect of our method lies in the design of fluid flow using a microstructured printing blade, on the basis of the hypothesis of flow-induced polymer crystallization. Our flow design resulted in a similar to 90% increase in the donor thin film crystallinity and reduced microphase separated donor and acceptor domain sizes. The improved morphology enhanced all metrics of solar cell device performance across various printing conditions, specifically leading to higher short-circuit current, fill factor, open circuit voltage and significantly reduced device-to-device variation. We expect our design concept to have broad applications beyond all-polymer solar cells because of its simplicity and versatility. C1 [Diao, Ying; Zhou, Yan; Kurosawa, Tadanori; Shaw, Leo; Park, Steve; Reinspach, Julia A.; Gu, Kevin; Gu, Xiaodan; Tee, Benjamin C. K.; Pang, Changhyun; Yan, Hongping; Bao, Zhenan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Diao, Ying; Zhou, Yan; Gu, Xiaodan; Yan, Hongping; Bao, Zhenan] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wang, Cheng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guo, Yikun; Zhao, Dahui] Peking Univ, Coll Chem, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Toney, Michael F.; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.] Tech Univ Dresden, Ctr Adv Elect Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Pang, Changhyun] Sungkyunkwan Univ SKKU, Sch Chem Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Bao, ZA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zbao@stanford.edu RI Gu, Xiaodan/G-4029-2015; Park, Steve/C-8829-2016; Wang, Cheng/A-9815-2014; OI Shaw, Leo/0000-0003-1182-5537; Zhao, Dahui/0000-0002-4983-4060; Yan, Hongping/0000-0001-6235-4523 FU Department of Energy, Laboratory Directed Research and Development [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Department of Energy, Bridging Research Interactions through collaborative Development Grants in Energy (BRIDGE) programme [DE-FOA-0000654-1588]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-14-1-0142]; Kodak Graduate Fellowship; Swedish Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation FX Y.D., Y.Z., M.F.T., S.C.B.M and Z.B. acknowledge initial support by the Department of Energy, Laboratory Directed Research and Development funding, under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515, and subsequent support by the Department of Energy, Bridging Research Interactions through collaborative Development Grants in Energy (BRIDGE) programme under contract DE-FOA-0000654-1588. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The synthesis and device characterization part of the work was supported by supported by Office of Naval Research (Award no. N00014-14-1-0142). L.S. gratefully acknowledges support from the Kodak Graduate Fellowship, and J.R. acknowledges support by the Swedish Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. NR 66 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 21 U2 115 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7955 DI 10.1038/ncomms8955 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1HA UT WOS:000360346700010 PM 26264528 ER PT J AU Jacobberger, RM Kiraly, B Fortin-Deschenes, M Levesque, PL McElhinny, KM Brady, GJ Delgado, RR Roy, SS Mannix, A Lagally, MG Evans, PG Desjardins, P Martel, R Hersam, MC Guisinger, NP Arnold, MS AF Jacobberger, Robert M. Kiraly, Brian Fortin-Deschenes, Matthieu Levesque, Pierre L. McElhinny, Kyle M. Brady, Gerald J. Delgado, Richard Rojas Roy, Susmit Singha Mannix, Andrew Lagally, Max G. Evans, Paul G. Desjardins, Patrick Martel, Richard Hersam, Mark C. Guisinger, Nathan P. Arnold, Michael S. TI Direct oriented growth of armchair graphene nanoribbons on germanium SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE; CONTACT RESISTANCE; SINGLE-LAYER; SURFACES; NUCLEATION; JUNCTION; RIBBONS; EDGES AB Graphene can be transformed from a semimetal into a semiconductor if it is confined into nanoribbons narrower than 10nm with controlled crystallographic orientation and well-defined armchair edges. However, the scalable synthesis of nanoribbons with this precision directly on insulating or semiconducting substrates has not been possible. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons on Ge(001) via chemical vapour deposition. The nanoribbons are self-aligning 3 degrees from the Ge < 110 > directions, are self-defining with predominantly smooth armchair edges, and have tunable width to <10 nm and aspect ratio to >70. In order to realize highly anisotropic ribbons, it is critical to operate in a regime in which the growth rate in the width direction is especially slow, <5 nm h(-1). This directional and anisotropic growth enables nanoribbon fabrication directly on conventional semiconductor wafer platforms and, therefore, promises to allow the integration of nanoribbons into future hybrid integrated circuits. C1 [Jacobberger, Robert M.; McElhinny, Kyle M.; Brady, Gerald J.; Delgado, Richard Rojas; Roy, Susmit Singha; Lagally, Max G.; Evans, Paul G.; Arnold, Michael S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kiraly, Brian; Mannix, Andrew; Guisinger, Nathan P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kiraly, Brian; Mannix, Andrew; Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Fortin-Deschenes, Matthieu; Desjardins, Patrick] Ecole Polytech, Dept Engn Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 2A7, Canada. [Levesque, Pierre L.; Martel, Richard] Univ Montreal, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3C 3JT, Canada. [Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Arnold, MS (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.arnold@wisc.edu RI Martel, Richard/G-7589-2011; Arnold, Michael/L-9112-2015; Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; OI Martel, Richard/0000-0002-9021-4656; Singha Roy, Susmit/0000-0002-7602-9999 FU DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program through Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0006414]; DOE SISGR [DE-FG02-09ER16109]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council; University of Wisconsin Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) [DMR-1121288]; DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46028]; Department of Defense (DOD) Air Force Office of Scientific Research through National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship [32 CFR 168a]; 3M Graduate Fellowship; Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Research primarily supported by the DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program (Grant number DE-SC0006414) through the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (R.M.J., G.J.B., S.S-R. and M.S.A.) for discovery of the nanoribbon synthesis, investigation of the morphological evolution of the nanoribbons, development of control over the nanoribbon evolution and growth kinetics, characterization of the morphology and microstructure of the nanoribbons via SEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy, fabrication of nanoribbon field-effect transistors, and characterization of their charge transport properties. Research partially supported by: the DOE SISGR (No. DE-FG02-09ER16109) (B.K., A.M., M.C.H. and N.P.G.) for the characterization of the nanoribbon edge structure and electronic structure using STM and STS; the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (M.F-D., P.L.L., P.D. and R.M.) for the characterization of the nanoribbon crystallinity and orientation via LEEM and LEED; the University of Wisconsin Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) (No. DMR-1121288) (K.M.M. and P.G.E.) for analysis of the morphology of the Ge hill-and-valley structures using XRR; and the DOE (No. DE-FG02-03ER46028) (R.R-D. and M.G.L.) for characterization of the stability of the nanoribbon/Ge interface with XPS. R.M.J. acknowledges support from the Department of Defense (DOD) Air Force Office of Scientific Research through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (No. 32 CFR 168a). B.K., G.J.B. and A.M. acknowledge support from National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships. K.M.M. acknowledges support from a 3M Graduate Fellowship. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (B.K., A.M. and N.P.G.). The authors also thank Oussama Moutanabbir for discussions about the LEEM and LEED studies. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 39 U2 151 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 8006 DI 10.1038/ncomms9006 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1IS UT WOS:000360351200004 PM 26258594 ER PT J AU Ogata, H Kramer, T Wang, HX Schilter, D Pelmenschikov, V van Gastel, M Neese, F Rauchfuss, TB Gee, LB Scott, AD Yoda, Y Tanaka, Y Lubitz, W Cramer, SP AF Ogata, Hideaki Kraemer, Tobias Wang, Hongxin Schilter, David Pelmenschikov, Vladimir van Gastel, Maurice Neese, Frank Rauchfuss, Thomas B. Gee, Leland B. Scott, Aubrey D. Yoda, Yoshitaka Tanaka, Yoshihito Lubitz, Wolfgang Cramer, Stephen P. TI Hydride bridge in [NiFe]-hydrogenase observed by nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; NICKEL-IRON HYDROGENASE; NI-FE HYDROGENASES; ACTIVE-SITE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; DESULFOVIBRIO-GIGAS; ENZYMATIC MECHANISM; AQUIFEX-AEOLICUS; CATALYTIC CYCLE; 4FE-4S CLUSTER AB The metabolism of many anaerobes relies on [NiFe]-hydrogenases, whose characterization when bound to substrates has proven non-trivial. Presented here is direct evidence for a hydride bridge in the active site of the Fe-57-labelled fully reduced Ni-R form of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F [NiFe]-hydrogenase. A unique 'wagging' mode involving H- motion perpendicular to the Ni(mu-H)Fe-57 plane was studied using Fe-57-specific nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On Ni(mu-D)Fe-57 deuteride substitution, this wagging causes a characteristic perturbation of Fe-CO/CN bands. Spectra have been interpreted by comparison with Ni(mu-H/D)Fe-57 enzyme mimics [(dppe)Ni(mu-pdt)(mu-H/D)Fe-57(CO) 3](+) and DFT calculations, which collectively indicate a low-spin Ni(II)(mu-H)Fe(II) core for Ni-R, with H- binding Ni more tightly than Fe. The present methodology is also relevant to characterizing Fe-H moieties in other important natural and synthetic catalysts. C1 [Ogata, Hideaki; Kraemer, Tobias; van Gastel, Maurice; Neese, Frank; Lubitz, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Chem Energy Convers, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. [Wang, Hongxin; Gee, Leland B.; Scott, Aubrey D.; Cramer, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Hongxin; Cramer, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schilter, David; Rauchfuss, Thomas B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pelmenschikov, Vladimir] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Chem, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Yoda, Yoshitaka] Div Res & Utilizat, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Tanaka, Yoshihito] RIKEN SPring 8 Ctr, Mat Dynam Lab, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. RP Cramer, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM spjcramer@ucdavis.edu RI Kraemer, Tobias/D-2793-2014; Neese, Frank/J-4959-2014; van Gastel, Maurice/G-8572-2012; Ogata, Hideaki/J-4975-2013; OI Kraemer, Tobias/0000-0001-5842-9553; Neese, Frank/0000-0003-4691-0547; van Gastel, Maurice/0000-0002-1547-6365; Schilter, David/0000-0002-5720-6806; Gee, Leland/0000-0002-5817-3997 FU DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NIH [GM-65440]; DOE grant [DEFG02-90ER14146]; BMBF [03SF0355C]; EU/Energy Network project SOLAR-H2 (FP7) [212508]; DFG-funded Cluster of Excellence RESOLV [EXC1069]; Max Planck Society; DFG-funded 'Unifying Concepts in Catalysis' (UniCat) initiative; JASRI [2012A0032-2014B1032]; RIKEN [20120107, 20130022, 20140033] FX We thank Patricia Malkowski (MPI-CEC) for her assistance with the 57Fe [NiFe]-hydrogenase sample preparation. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research (S.P.C.), NIH grant GM-65440 (S.P.C.), DOE grant DEFG02-90ER14146 (T.B.R.), BMBF (03SF0355C), EU/Energy Network project SOLAR-H2 (FP7 contract 212508), DFG-funded Cluster of Excellence RESOLV (EXC1069), Max Planck Society (W.L., T.K., M.v.G., F.N. and H.O.) and the DFG-funded 'Unifying Concepts in Catalysis' (UniCat) initiative (V.P.). Use of SPring-8 is supported by JASRI (proposals 2012A0032-2014B1032) and RIKEN (proposals 20120107, 20130022 and 20140033). NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 20 U2 90 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7890 DI 10.1038/ncomms8890 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1GF UT WOS:000360344600002 PM 26259066 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, AM Cai, WZ Olejnik, E Molaison, JJ Sinogeikin, S dos Santos, AM Deemyad, S AF Schaeffer, Anne Marie Cai, Weizhao Olejnik, Ella Molaison, Jamie J. Sinogeikin, Stanislav dos Santos, Antonio M. Deemyad, Shanti TI Boundaries for martensitic transition of Li-7 under pressure SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DENSE LITHIUM; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; ALKALI-METALS; X-RAY; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; DEFORMATION; DIFFRACTION; EQUATION; SODIUM AB Physical properties of lithium under extreme pressures continuously reveal unexpected features. These include a sequence of structural transitions to lower symmetry phases, metal-insulator-metal transition, superconductivity with one of the highest elemental transition temperatures, and a maximum followed by a minimum in its melting line. The instability of the bcc structure of lithium is well established by the presence of a temperature-driven martensitic phase transition. The boundaries of this phase, however, have not been previously explored above 3 GPa. All higher pressure phase boundaries are either extrapolations or inferred based on indirect evidence. Here we explore the pressure dependence of the martensitic transition of lithium up to 7 GPa using a combination of neutron and X-ray scattering. We find a rather unexpected deviation from the extrapolated boundaries of the hR3 phase of lithium. Furthermore, there is evidence that, above similar to 3 GPa, once in fcc phase, lithium does not undergo a martensitic transition. C1 [Schaeffer, Anne Marie; Cai, Weizhao; Olejnik, Ella; Deemyad, Shanti] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Molaison, Jamie J.; dos Santos, Antonio M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sinogeikin, Stanislav] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Deemyad, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, 115S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM deemyad@physics.utah.edu RI dos Santos, Antonio/A-5602-2016; OI dos Santos, Antonio/0000-0001-6900-0816; Molaison, Jamie/0000-0003-1771-8409; Cai, Weizhao/0000-0001-7805-2108 FU DOE-NNSA [DE-NA0001974]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-99ER45775]; NSF; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation-Division of Materials Research [1351986] FX The authors would like to thank Prof. N. W. Ashcroft for insightful discussions on high pressure properties of lithium. Experimental assistance by Jasmine Bishop is acknowledged. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA under Award No. DE-NA0001974 and DOE-BES under Award No. DE-FG02-99ER45775, with partial instrumentation funding by NSF. The Advanced Photon Source is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Research conducted at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The research in University of Utah was supported by National Science Foundation-Division of Materials Research Award No. 1351986. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 8030 DI 10.1038/ncomms9030 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1IZ UT WOS:000360352000011 PM 26271453 ER PT J AU Tao, FF Shan, JJ Nguyen, L Wang, ZY Zhang, SR Zhang, L Wu, ZL Huang, WX Zeng, SB Hu, P AF Tao, Franklin Feng Shan, Jun-jun Nguyen, Luan Wang, Ziyun Zhang, Shiran Zhang, Li Wu, Zili Huang, Weixin Zeng, Shibi Hu, P. TI Understanding complete oxidation of methane on spinel oxides at a molecular level SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; IN-SITU; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; CO OXIDATION; PD CATALYSTS; BASIS-SET AB It is crucial to develop a catalyst made of earth-abundant elements highly active for a complete oxidation of methane at a relatively low temperature. NiCo2O4 consisting of earth-abundant elements which can completely oxidize methane in the temperature range of 350-550 degrees C. Being a cost-effective catalyst, NiCo2O4 exhibits activity higher than precious-metal-based catalysts. Here we report that the higher catalytic activity at the relatively low temperature results from the integration of nickel cations, cobalt cations and surface lattice oxygen atoms/oxygen vacancies at the atomic scale. In situ studies of complete oxidation of methane on NiCo2O4 and theoretical simulations show that methane dissociates to methyl on nickel cations and then couple with surface lattice oxygen atoms to form -CH3O with a following dehydrogenation to -CH2O; a following oxidative dehydrogenation forms CHO; CHO is transformed to product molecules through two different sub-pathways including dehydrogenation of OCHO and CO oxidation. C1 [Tao, Franklin Feng; Shan, Jun-jun; Nguyen, Luan; Zhang, Shiran; Huang, Weixin; Zeng, Shibi] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Tao, Franklin Feng; Shan, Jun-jun; Nguyen, Luan; Zhang, Shiran; Huang, Weixin; Zeng, Shibi] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Wang, Ziyun; Hu, P.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. [Zhang, Li; Wu, Zili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Li; Wu, Zili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tao, FF (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM franklin.feng.tao@ku.edu; p.hu@qub.ac.uk RI Zhang, Shiran/L-2785-2013; Hu, Peijun/K-5115-2014; Wu, Zili/F-5905-2012; Wang, Ziyun/I-4412-2012 OI Zhang, Shiran/0000-0003-3240-5064; Wu, Zili/0000-0002-4468-3240; Wang, Ziyun/0000-0002-2817-8367 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-12ER16353] FX F.T. acknowledges the funding support from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02-12ER16353. NR 48 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 39 U2 178 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7798 DI 10.1038/ncomms8798 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1EV UT WOS:000360341000001 PM 26239771 ER PT J AU Woodall, NB Yin, Y Bowie, JU AF Woodall, Nicholas B. Yin, Ying Bowie, James U. TI Dual-topology insertion of a dual-topology membrane protein SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EMRE; EVOLUTION; FTSH AB Some membrane transporters are dual-topology dimers in which the subunits have inverted transmembrane topology. How a cell manages to generate equal populations of two opposite topologies from the same polypeptide chain remains unclear. For the dual-topology transporter EmrE, the evidence to date remains consistent with two extreme models. A post-translational model posits that topology remains malleable after synthesis and becomes fixed once the dimer forms. A second, co-translational model, posits that the protein inserts in both topologies in equal proportions. Here we show that while there is at least some limited topological malleability, the co-translational model likely dominates under normal circumstances. C1 [Woodall, Nicholas B.; Yin, Ying; Bowie, James U.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, UCLA DOE Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu FU NIH Grant [RO1 GM063919]; NIH Chemistry/Biology Interface Training Grant FX This work was supported by a NIH Grant RO1 GM063919 to J.U.B. and an NIH Chemistry/Biology Interface Training Grant to N.B.W. We thank Teru Ogura for supplying the AR3289 and AR3291 strains. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 8099 DI 10.1038/ncomms9099 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1JW UT WOS:000360354700005 PM 26306475 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Yan, Y Yang, MJ Choi, S Zhu, K Luther, JM Beard, MC AF Yang, Ye Yan, Yong Yang, Mengjin Choi, Sukgeun Zhu, Kai Luther, Joseph M. Beard, Matthew C. TI Low surface recombination velocity in solution-grown CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite single crystal SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; LEAD IODIDE PEROVSKITE; SOLAR-CELLS; TRANSIENT REFLECTIVITY; HALIDE PEROVSKITES; CARRIER; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE; ABSORPTION; DEPOSITION AB Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are attracting intense research effort due to their impressive performance in solar cells. While the carrier transport parameters such as mobility and bulk carrier lifetime shows sufficient characteristics, the surface recombination, which can have major impact on the solar cell performance, has not been studied. Here we measure surface recombination dynamics in CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite single crystals using broadband transient reflectance spectroscopy. The surface recombination velocity is found to be 3.4 +/- 0.1 x 10(3) cm s(-1), similar to 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that in many important unpassivated semiconductors employed in solar cells. Our result suggests that the planar grain size for the perovskite thin films should be larger than similar to 30 mu m to avoid the influence of surface recombination on the effective carrier lifetime. C1 [Yang, Ye; Yan, Yong; Yang, Mengjin; Choi, Sukgeun; Zhu, Kai; Luther, Joseph M.; Beard, Matthew C.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Ye.Yang@nrel.gov; Matt.Beard@nrel.gov RI Yang, Ye/D-5675-2015; OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355; Yang, Mengjin/0000-0003-2019-4298 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy through the Solar Photochemistry Program [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; NREL LDRD program FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy through the Solar Photochemistry Program under contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL. We thank Philip A. Parilla for help in X-ray diffraction analysis and thank Wan-jian Yin for useful discussion on the surface defects. X-ray diffraction measurement was supported by the NREL LDRD program. NR 42 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 39 U2 221 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 7961 DI 10.1038/ncomms8961 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1HC UT WOS:000360346900002 PM 26245855 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Sachan, R Pakarinen, OH Chisholm, MF Liu, P Xue, HZ Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Yanwen Sachan, Ritesh Pakarinen, Olli H. Chisholm, Matthew F. Liu, Peng Xue, Haizhou Weber, William J. TI Ionization-induced annealing of pre-existing defects in silicon carbide SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-ENERGY LOSS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FUSION ENERGY; IRRADIATION; RECOVERY; FUEL; CERAMICS; MATRIX AB A long-standing objective in materials research is to effectively heal fabrication defects or to remove pre-existing or environmentally induced damage in materials. Silicon carbide (SiC) is a fascinating wide-band gap semiconductor for high-temperature, high-power and high-frequency applications. Its high corrosion and radiation resistance makes it a key refractory/structural material with great potential for extremely harsh radiation environments. Here we show that the energy transferred to the electron system of SiC by energetic ions via inelastic ionization can effectively anneal pre-existing defects and restore the structural order. The threshold determined for this recovery process reveals that it can be activated by 750 and 850 keV Si and C self-ions, respectively. The results conveyed here can contribute to SiC-based device fabrication by providing a room-temperature approach to repair atomic lattice structures, and to SiC performance prediction as either a functional material for device applications or a structural material for high-radiation environments. C1 [Zhang, Yanwen; Sachan, Ritesh; Pakarinen, Olli H.; Chisholm, Matthew F.; Weber, William J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Yanwen; Liu, Peng; Xue, Haizhou; Weber, William J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Pakarinen, Olli H.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Liu, Peng] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Key Lab Particle Phys & Particle Irradiat MOE, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangy1@ornl.gov; wjweber@utk.edu RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Pakarinen, Olli/G-8028-2016 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Pakarinen, Olli/0000-0002-5535-3941 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DEAC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Ion beam work was performed at the University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Ion Beam Materials Laboratory (IBML) located on the campus of the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. The computer simulation used the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 12 U2 67 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 AR 8049 DI 10.1038/ncomms9049 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CQ1JC UT WOS:000360352400003 PM 26264864 ER PT J AU Gordon, L Varley, JB Lyons, JL Janotti, A Van de Walle, CG AF Gordon, Luke Varley, Joel B. Lyons, John L. Janotti, Anderson Van de Walle, Chris G. TI Sulfur doping of AlN and AlGaN for improved n-type conductivity SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; doping; first-principles calculations; AlGaN; electrical conductivity ID ALXGA1-XN; GAN; DEFECTS; CENTERS AB Achieving high levels of n-type conductivity in AlN and high Al-content nitride alloys is a long standing problem; significant decreases in conductivity are observed as the Al content is increased, a phenomenon that has been attributed to donors such as oxygen or silicon forming DX centers. We address this problem through a comprehensive first-principles hybrid density functional study of potential n-type dopants, identifying SN and SeN as two elements which are potential shallow donors because they do not undergo a DX transition. In particular, SN is highly promising as an n-type dopant because it also has a low formation energy and hence a high solubility. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Gordon, Luke; Varley, Joel B.; Lyons, John L.; Janotti, Anderson; Van de Walle, Chris G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Varley, Joel B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van de Walle, CG (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM vandewalle@mrl.ucsb.edu OI Lyons, John L./0000-0001-8023-3055 FU Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST); one of six SRC STARnet Centers - MARCO; DARPA; NSF [DMR-1434854]; ONR Dielectric Enhancements for Innovative Electronics MultidisciplinaryUniversity Initiative [N00014-10-1-0937]; U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Center for Low Energy Systems Technology (LEAST), one of six SRC STARnet Centers sponsored by MARCO and DARPA, by NSF (DMR-1434854), and by the ONR Dielectric Enhancements for Innovative Electronics MultidisciplinaryUniversity Initiative (N00014-10-1-0937). The work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Computational resources were provided by the Center for Scientific Computing at the CNSI and MRL (an NSF MRSEC, DMR-1121053) (NSF CNS-0960316), and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6254 EI 1862-6270 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI-R JI Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 462 EP 465 DI 10.1002/pssr.201510165 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CQ1TN UT WOS:000360382300004 ER PT J AU Back, BB AF Back, B. B. TI Some aspects of fission and quasifission processes SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on 75 years of Nuclear Fission - Present Status and Future Perspective (Fission 75) CY MAY 05-10, 2014 CL Mumbai, INDIA DE Fission history; fission discovery; quasifission; angular distribution ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEAR-FISSION; ISOTOPES; URANIUM; FUSION; DEFORMATION; RESONANCE; BARRIER; MASSES; SHELL AB The discovery of nuclear fission in 1938-1939 had a profound influence on the field of nuclear physics and it brought this branch of physics into the forefront as it was recognized for having the potential for its seminal influence on modern society. Although many of the basic features of actinide fission were described in a ground-breaking paper by Bohr and Wheeler only six months after the discovery, the fission process is very complex and it has been a challenge for both experimentalists and theorists to achieve a complete and satisfactory understanding of this phenomenon. Many aspects of nuclear physics are involved in fission and it continues to be a subject of intense study even three quarters of a century after its discovery. In this talk, I will review an incomplete subset of the major milestones in fission research, and briefly discuss some of the topics that I have been involved in during my career. These include studies of vibrational resonances and fission isomers that are caused by the second minimum in the fission barrier in actinide nuclei, studies of heavy-ion-induced fission in terms of the angular distributions and the mass-angle correlations of fission fragments. Some of these studies provided evidence for the importance of the quasifission process and the attendant suppression of the complete fusion process. Finally, some of the circumstances around the establishment of large-scale nuclear research in India will be discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM back@anl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX This material is based upon the work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract number DEAC02-06CH11357. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 EI 0973-7111 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 85 IS 2 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s12043-015-1046-0 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CP6RW UT WOS:000360016800006 ER PT J AU Rui, Z Huang, W Xu, F Han, M Liu, XY Lin, SJ Zhaneti, WJ AF Rui, Zhe Huang, Wei Xu, Fei Han, Mo Liu, Xinyu Lin, Shuangjun Zhaneti, Wenjun TI Sparsomycin Biosynthesis Highlights Unusual Module Architecture and Processing Mechanism in Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthetase SO ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTIC SPARSOMYCIN; SP STRAIN CBB1; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RIBOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; 4-ELECTRON REDUCTION; TRIMETHYLURIC ACID; DEHYDROGENASE; THIOESTER; CAFFEINE; DOMAINS AB Sparsomycin is a model protein synthesis inhibitor that blocks peptide bond formation by binding to the large ribosome subunit. It is a unique dipeptidyl alcohol, consisting of a uracil acrylic acid moiety and a monooxo-dithioacetal group. To elucidate the biosynthetic logic of sparsomycin, a biosynthetic gene cluster for sparsomycin was identified from the producer Streptomyces sparsogenes by genome mining, targeted gene mutations, and heterologous expression. Both the genetic and enzymatic studies revealed a minimum set of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases needed for generating the dipeptidyl alcohol scaffold of sparsomycin, featuring unusual mechanisms in dipeptidyl assembly and off-loading. C1 [Xu, Fei; Han, Mo; Lin, Shuangjun] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, State Key Lab Microbial Metab, Joint Int Lab Metab & Dev Sci, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Rui, Zhe; Huang, Wei; Zhaneti, Wenjun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Xinyu] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Zhaneti, Wenjun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lin, SJ (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, State Key Lab Microbial Metab, Joint Int Lab Metab & Dev Sci, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM linsj@sjtu.edu.cn; wjzhang@berkeley.edu FU NSFC [31425001]; Pew Scholars Program FX We are grateful to Z. Shao (Iowa State University) for the materials and guidance with the DNA assembler system. We thank C. Khosla (Stanford University) for providing S. lividans K4-114, Z. Xi (Nankai University of China) for providing sparsomycin and UAA standards, and S. Bauer (UC Berkeley) for helping with MS analysis. This work was financially supported by NSFC (31425001) (to S.L.) and the Pew Scholars Program (to W.Z.). NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1554-8929 EI 1554-8937 J9 ACS CHEM BIOL JI ACS Chem. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1765 EP 1769 DI 10.1021/acschembio.5b00284 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CP7XO UT WOS:000360103100002 PM 26046698 ER PT J AU Lee, WH Kim, YS Bae, C AF Lee, Woo-Hyung Kim, Yu Seung Bae, Chulsung TI Robust Hydroxide Ion Conducting Poly(biphenyl alkylene)s for Alkaline Fuel Cell Membranes SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; COPOLYMERS; STABILITY; POLYMER AB High molecular weight, quaternary ammonium-tethered poly(biphenyl alkylene)s without alkaline labile C-O bonds were synthesized via acid-catalyzed polycondensation reactions for the first time. Ion-exchange capacity was conveniently controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of two ketone monomers in the polymerization. The resultant anion exchange membranes showed high hydroxide ion conductivity up to 120 mS/cm and excellent alkaline stability at 80 degrees C. This study provides a new synthetic strategy for the preparation of anion exchange membranes with robust fuel cell performance and excellent stability. C1 [Lee, Woo-Hyung; Bae, Chulsung] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Kim, Yu Seung] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bae, C (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM baec@rpi.edu FU Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology from the Ministry of Knowledge & Economy in S. Korea; U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Office program FX We greatly appreciate financial support from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology for a subaward from the Ministry of Knowledge & Economy in S. Korea. Y.S.K. thanks Dr. Nancy Garland, the technology development manager of the U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Office program, for financial support. The authors thank Dr. Cy Fujimoto (Sandia National Laboratory) for kindly supplying the poly(phenylene) ionomer. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 12 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 4 IS 8 BP 814 EP 818 DI 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00375 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA CP4ZN UT WOS:000359891200002 ER PT J AU Christen, M Deutsch, S Christen, B AF Christen, Matthias Deutsch, Samuel Christen, Beat TI Genome Calligrapher: A Web Tool for Refactoring Bacterial Genome Sequences for de Novo DNA Synthesis SO ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International-Workshop-on-Bio-Design-Automation (IWBDA) CY JUN 11-12, 2014 CL Boston Univ, Boston, MA HO Boston Univ DE DNA refactoring software; synthetic biology; de novo DNA synthesis; synthetic genome design ID GENE SYNTHESIS; BIOLOGY; DESIGN; BIOSYNTHESIS; OPTIMIZATION; CLUSTERS; PLATFORM; YEAST; PCR AB Recent advances in synthetic biology have resulted in an increasing demand for the de novo synthesis of large-scale DNA constructs. Any process improvement that enables fast and cost-effective streamlining of digitized genetic information into fabricable DNA sequences holds great promise to study, mine, and engineer genomes. Here, we present Genome Calligrapher, a computer-aided design web tool intended for whole genome refactoring of bacterial chromosomes for de novo DNA synthesis. By applying a neutral recoding algorithm, Genome Calligrapher optimizes GC content and removes obstructive DNA features known to interfere with the synthesis of double-stranded DNA and the higher order assembly into large DNA constructs. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed that synthesis constraints are prevalent among bacterial genomes. However, a low level of codon replacement is sufficient for refactoring bacterial genomes into easy-to-synthesize DNA sequences. To test the algorithm, 168 kb of synthetic DNA comprising approximately 20 percent of the synthetic essential genome of the cell-cycle bacterium Caulobacter crescentus was streamlined and then ordered from a commercial supplier of low-cost de novo DNA synthesis. The successful assembly into eight 20 kb segments indicates that Genome Calligrapher algorithm can be efficiently used to refactor difficult-to-synthesize DNA. Genome Calligrapher is broadly applicable to recode biosynthetic pathways, DNA sequences, and whole bacterial genomes, thus offering new opportunities to use synthetic biology tools to explore the functionality of microbial diversity. C1 [Christen, Matthias; Christen, Beat] ETH, Inst Mol Syst Biol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Deutsch, Samuel] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Christen, B (reprint author), ETH, Inst Mol Syst Biol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM beat.christen@imsb.biol.ethz.ch OI Deutsch, Samuel/0000-0001-9456-7101; Christen, Matthias/0000-0001-7724-4562 FU Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Community Science Program (CSP) DNA synthesis award from the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek. CA, USA [JGI CSP-1593]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich and a Community Science Program (CSP) DNA synthesis award [JGI CSP-1593 to B.C. and M.C.] from the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute in Walnut Creek. CA, USA. The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We would like to thank Dr. Heinz Christen for the Genome Calligrapher algorithm development, Alex Neckelmann and Dr. Sangeeta Nath (Joint Genome Institute) for their help with the DNA synthesis and assembly, Dr. Adam Clore (Integrated DNA Technologies) for providing the synthesis feasibility analysis for wild-type and synthetic genome constructs, Layla Lang (http://laylalang.com) for the design of the Genome Calligrapher logo and illustration, and Dr. Bridget Kulasekara, Dr. Hemantha Kulasekara (University of Washington), and Mirjam Christen for critical reading of the manuscript. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-5063 J9 ACS SYNTH BIOL JI ACS Synth. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 4 IS 8 BP 927 EP 934 DI 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00087 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CP7XL UT WOS:000360102800007 PM 26107775 ER PT J AU Van Benschoten, AH Afonine, PV Terwilliger, TC Wall, ME Jackson, CJ Sauter, NK Adams, PD Urzhumtsev, A Fraser, JS AF Van Benschoten, Andrew H. Afonine, Pavel V. Terwilliger, Thomas C. Wall, Michael E. Jackson, Colin J. Sauter, Nicholas K. Adams, Paul D. Urzhumtsev, Alexandre Fraser, James S. TI Predicting X-ray diffuse scattering from translation-libration-screw structural ensembles SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diffuse scattering; TLS; correlated motion; structural ensemble; structure refinement ID RIGID-BODY MOTION; PROTEIN DATA-BANK; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALS; ENTEROBACTER-AEROGENES; LYSOZYME CRYSTALS; TLS; DIFFRACTION; MODELS AB Identifying the intramolecular motions of proteins and nucleic acids is a major challenge in macromolecular X-ray crystallography. Because Bragg diffraction describes the average positional distribution of crystalline atoms with imperfect precision, the resulting electron density can be compatible with multiple models of motion. Diffuse X-ray scattering can reduce this degeneracy by reporting on correlated atomic displacements. Although recent technological advances are increasing the potential to accurately measure diffuse scattering, computational modeling and validation tools are still needed to quantify the agreement between experimental data and different parameterizations of crystalline disorder. A new tool, phenix.diffuse, addresses this need by employing Guinier's equation to calculate diffuse scattering from Protein Data Bank (PDB)-formatted structural ensembles. As an example case, phenix.diffuse is applied to translation-libration-screw (TLS) refinement, which models rigid-body displacement for segments of the macromolecule. To enable the calculation of diffuse scattering from TLS-refined structures, phenix.tls_as_xyz builds multi-model PDB files that sample the underlying T, L and S tensors. In the glycerophosphodiesterase GpdQ, alternative TLS-group partitioning and different motional correlations between groups yield markedly dissimilar diffuse scattering maps with distinct implications for molecular mechanism and allostery. These methods demonstrate how, in principle, X-ray diffuse scattering could extend macromolecular structural refinement, validation and analysis. C1 [Van Benschoten, Andrew H.; Fraser, James S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Afonine, Pavel V.; Sauter, Nicholas K.; Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Terwilliger, Thomas C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jackson, Colin J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] CNRS INSERM UdS, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, Ctr Integrat Biol, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] Univ Lorraine, Fac Sci & Technol, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Van Benschoten, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM james.fraser@ucsf.edu RI Jackson, Colin/C-1500-2008; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Jackson, Colin/0000-0001-6150-3822; Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Fraser, James/0000-0002-5080-2859; Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515 FU NIH [OD009180, GM110580, GM063210, GM095887]; NSF [STC-1231306]; French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) [ANR-10-INSB-05-01]; Instruct as part of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI); US Department of Energy through the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory; Program Breakthrough Biomedical Research - Sandler Foundation FX JSF is a Searle Scholar, a Pew Scholar and a Packard Fellow. Work in the laboratory of JSF is supported by NIH OD009180, GM110580 and NSF STC-1231306. PDA, PVA and TCT are supported by NIH grant GM063210. NKS was supported by NIH grant GM095887. AU thanks the French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) ANR-10-INSB-05-01 and Instruct as part of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI). MEW is supported by the US Department of Energy through the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This work was supported by the Program Breakthrough Biomedical Research, which is partially funded by the Sandler Foundation. NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2059-7983 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 71 BP 1657 EP 1667 DI 10.1107/S1399004715007415 PN 8 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA CO7QC UT WOS:000359354800008 PM 26249347 ER PT J AU Urzhumtsev, A Afonine, PV Van Benschoten, AH Fraser, JS Adams, PD AF Urzhumtsev, Alexandre Afonine, Pavel V. Van Benschoten, Andrew H. Fraser, James S. Adams, Paul D. TI From deep TLS validation to ensembles of atomic models built from elemental motions SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TLS model; TLS matrices; model validation; molecular mobility; ensemble of models; diffuse scattering; libration; vibration; correlated motion ID SEGMENTED ANISOTROPIC REFINEMENT; BOVINE RIBONUCLEASE-A; RIGID-BODY MOTION; PROTEIN DATA-BANK; THERMAL-MOTION; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULES; COMPLEX; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AB The translation-libration-screw model first introduced by Cruickshank, Schomaker and Trueblood describes the concerted motions of atomic groups. Using TLS models can improve the agreement between calculated and experimental diffraction data. Because the T, L and S matrices describe a combination of atomic vibrations and librations, TLS models can also potentially shed light on molecular mechanisms involving correlated motions. However, this use of TLS models in mechanistic studies is hampered by the difficulties in translating the results of refinement into molecular movement or a structural ensemble. To convert the matrices into a constituent molecular movement, the matrix elements must satisfy several conditions. Refining the T, L and S matrix elements as independent parameters without taking these conditions into account may result in matrices that do not represent concerted molecular movements. Here, a mathematical framework and the computational tools to analyze TLS matrices, resulting in either explicit decomposition into descriptions of the underlying motions or a report of broken conditions, are described. The description of valid underlying motions can then be output as a structural ensemble. All methods are implemented as part of the PHENIX project. C1 [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] CNRS INSERM UdS, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, Ctr Integrat Biol, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] Univ Lorraine, Fac Sci & Technol, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Afonine, Pavel V.; Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Van Benschoten, Andrew H.; Fraser, James S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Urzhumtsev, A (reprint author), CNRS INSERM UdS, Inst Genet & Biol Mol & Cellulaire, Ctr Integrat Biol, 1 Rue Laurent Fries,BP 10142, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. EM sacha@igbmc.fr RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Fraser, James/0000-0002-5080-2859 FU NIH [GM063210, OD009180, GM110580]; PHENIX Industrial Consortium; NSF [STC-1231306]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX PVA and PDA thank the NIH (grant GM063210) and the PHENIX Industrial Consortium for support of the PHENIX project. JSF is a Searle Scholar and a Pew Scholar, and a Packard Fellow, and is supported by NIH OD009180, GM110580 and NSF STC-1231306. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. AU thanks the French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) ANR-10-INSB-05-01 and Instruct, which is part of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) and is supported by national member subscriptions. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2059-7983 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 71 BP 1668 EP 1683 DI 10.1107/S1399004715011426 PN 8 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA CO7QC UT WOS:000359354800009 PM 26249348 ER PT J AU ElSohly, AM Netirojjanakul, C Aanei, IL Jager, A Bendall, SC Farkas, ME Nolan, GP Francis, MB AF ElSohly, Adel M. Netirojjanakul, Chawita Aanei, Ioana L. Jager, Astraea Bendall, Sean C. Farkas, Michelle E. Nolan, Garry P. Francis, Matthew B. TI Synthetically Modified Viral Capsids as Versatile Carriers for Use in Antibody-Based Cell Targeting SO BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; PROTEIN CAGE ARCHITECTURE; COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DRUG-DELIVERY; MODIFIED BACTERIOPHAGE-MS2; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; MASS CYTOMETRY; NANOPARTICLES; MULTIVALENT AB The present study describes an efficient and reliable method for the preparation of MS2 viral capsids that are synthetically modified with antibodies using a rapid oxidative coupling strategy. The overall protocol delivers conjugates in high yields and recoveries, requires a minimal excess of antibody to achieve modification of more than 95% of capsids, and can be completed in a short period of time. Antibody-capsid conjugates targeting extracellular receptors on human breast cancer cell lines were prepared and characterized. Notably, conjugation to the capsid did not significantly perturb the binding of the antibodies, as indicated by binding affinities similar to those obtained for the parent antibodies. An array of conjugates was synthesized with various reporters on the interior surface of the capsids to be used in cell studies, including fluorescence-based flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and mass cytometry. The results of these studies lay the foundation for further exploration of these constructs in the context of clinically relevant applications, including drug delivery and in vivo diagnostics. C1 [ElSohly, Adel M.; Netirojjanakul, Chawita; Aanei, Ioana L.; Farkas, Michelle E.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aanei, Ioana L.; Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jager, Astraea; Nolan, Garry P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baxter Lab & Stem Cell Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bendall, Sean C.] Stanford Sch Med, Ctr Blood, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mbfrancis@berkeley.edu FU DOD Breast Cancer Research Program [BC061995, BC100159, W81XWH-14-0400]; W.M. Keck Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Student Research Fellowship; Genentech Fellowship through the U.C. Berkeley Chemical Biology program; NIH [U19 AI057229, U54CA149145, N01 - HV-00242, 1U19AI100627, 5R01AI07372405, R01CA184968, 1 R33 CA183654, R33 CA183692]; NIH-Baylor Research Institute [41000411217]; NIH-Northrop Grumman Corp. [7500108142]; CIRM [DR1-01477]; DOD [OC110674, 11491122]; European Commission [Health.2010.1.2-1]; FDA [HHSF223201210194C]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP 1017093]; National Institutes of Health [1S10RR022393-01] FX These studies were funded by the DOD Breast Cancer Research Program (Grants BC061995, BC100159, and W81XWH-14-0400 to M.B.F., M.E.F., and A.M.E., respectively) and the W.M. Keck Foundation. C.N. was supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Student Research Fellowship. I.L.A. was supported by the Genentech Fellowship through the U.C. Berkeley Chemical Biology program. G.P.N. was supported by grants from the NIH (U19 AI057229, U54CA149145, N01 - HV-00242, 1U19AI100627, 5R01AI07372405, R01CA184968, 1 R33 CA183654, R33 CA183692), NIH-Baylor Research Institute (41000411217), NIH-Northrop Grumman Corp. (7500108142), CIRM (DR1-01477), DOD (OC110674, 11491122), the European Commission (Health.2010.1.2-1), FDA (HHSF223201210194C), and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP 1017093). LC-MS instrumentation was acquired with National Institutes of Health Grant 1S10RR022393-01. The authors thank Stacy Capehart for acquisition of the TEM images in this study. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1043-1802 J9 BIOCONJUGATE CHEM JI Bioconjugate Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1590 EP 1596 DI 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00226 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CP5ZA UT WOS:000359962900024 PM 26076186 ER PT J AU Alleman, TL McCormick, RL Yanowitz, J AF Alleman, Teresa L. McCormick, Robert L. Yanowitz, Janet TI Properties of Ethanol Fuel Blends Made with Natural Gasoline SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID EMISSIONS AB This project looks at the potential of blending ethanol with natural gasoline to produce Flex-Fuels (ASTM D5798-13a) and high-octane, mid-level ethanol blends Eight natural gasoline samples were collected from pipeline companies or ethanol producers around the United States. Analysis of the natural gasoline shows that the samples are 80-95% paraffinic, 5-15% naphthenic, 3% or less aromatics, and the balance olefins. The paraffins were typically pentane and isopentanes. The benzene content ranged from approximately 0.1 to 1.2 wt % such that blends of E30 or more would meet United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) limits for the benzene content in gasoline. The sulfur content in the natural gasoline ranged between 4 and 146 ppm. Assuming the lowest ethanol content in Flex-Fuel of 51 volume percent (vol %), a natural gasoline blendstock would be required to have 20 ppm sulfur or less for the finished fuel to meet the upcoming U.S. EPA Tier 3 gasoline sulfur limit. The research octane number (RON) (ASTM D2699-13) for the natural gasoline ranged from 67 to 72. Vapor pressure (ASTM D5191-13) ranged from 89 to 101 kPa. Two natural gasoline samples were selected for blending with ethanol. To make a 91 RON fuel (typical of U.S. regular gasoline), natural gasoline had to be blended with 30 vol % ethanol. Because of the high vapor pressure of these blendstocks, over 70 vol % ethanol could be blended into Flex-Fuel while still meeting the class 4 (wintertime) minimum vapor pressure requirement of 66 kPa. For blending of class 1 (summertime) Flex-Fuel, a minimum of 74 vol % ethanol was required to stay below the 62 kPa upper limit on vapor pressure. Modeling of vapor pressure using universal quasichemical functional-group activity coefficients (UNIFAC) and Wilson equation-based approaches provided good agreement with experimental data for most samples. C1 [Alleman, Teresa L.; McCormick, Robert L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yanowitz, Janet] EcoEngn, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Alleman, TL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM teresa.alleman@nrel.gov RI McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011 FU Bioenergy Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE347AC36-99GO10337]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This research was supported by the Bioenergy Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE347AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 5095 EP 5102 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00818 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VQ UT WOS:000360026700048 ER PT J AU Englander, JG Brandt, AR Elgowainy, A Cai, H Han, JW Yeh, S Wang, MQ AF Englander, Jacob G. Brandt, Adam R. Elgowainy, Amgad Cai, Hao Han, Jeongwoo Yeh, Sonia Wang, Michael Q. TI Oil Sands Energy Intensity Assessment Using Facility-Level Data SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; ALBERTA; MODEL; EXTRACTION; EFFICIENCY; TAILINGS; IMPACTS; LAND AB The energy intensity and fugitive emissions of oil sands extraction are modeled using detailed public data sets to provide more accurate estimates of energy use. Facility-level energy consumption and environmental emission data are collected on a monthly basis for 24 operating oil sands projects (7 mining projects and 17 in situ projects) over the periods of 2005-2012 (for mining projects) and 2009-2012 (for in situ projects). This is the most detailed data set used to date for greenhouse gas (GHG) assessment from the oil sands and relies entirely on data from government data sets. Monthly facility-level data are aggregated into four pathways, depending upon the mode of primary extraction (i.e., mining or in situ) and the type of product exported [i.e., bitumen or synthetic crude oil (SCO)]. Large variability is found among pathways and between projects within each pathway. Energy intensity ranges from 0.1 GJ/GJ of bitumen for mining projects to 0.4 GJ/GJ of SCO for in situ projects. Month-to-month variability (p10-p90) ranges from -15 to +15% for mining to SCO pathways and from -15 to +11% for in situ to bitumen pathways. These four pathways are developed to implement in the greenhouse gas, regulated emissions, and energy in transportation (GREET) life-cycle model. C1 [Englander, Jacob G.; Brandt, Adam R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Elgowainy, Amgad; Cai, Hao; Han, Jeongwoo; Wang, Michael Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Syst Assessment Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yeh, Sonia] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Brandt, AR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Energy Resources Engn, 367 Panama St,Green Earth Sci Bldg,Room 065, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM abrandt@stanford.edu RI Cai, Hao/A-1975-2016; OI Yeh, Sonia/0000-0002-4852-1177 FU Vehicle Technologies Office of The Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [3F-30822, 3F-30841] FX The authors appreciate the useful feedback and suggestions provided by Don O'Connor, (S&T)2 Consultants, Inc., Joule Bergerson, University of Calgary, and Heather MacLean, University of Toronto. The authors thank the Bioenergy Technologies Office and the Vehicle Technologies Office of The Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for Awards 3F-30822 (to Jacob G. Englander and Adam R. Brandt) and 3F-30841 (Sonia Yeh). NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 8 BP 5204 EP 5212 DI 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00175 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CP6VQ UT WOS:000360026700059 ER PT J AU Currier, JM Cheng, WY Conolly, R Brian, C AF Currier, J. M. Cheng, W-Y Conolly, R. Brian, Chorley TI Characterizing Early Molecular Biomarkers of Zinc-Induced Adaptive and Adverse Oxidative Stress Responses in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Currier, J. M.; Cheng, W-Y] ORISE, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Currier, J. M.; Cheng, W-Y; Conolly, R.; Brian, Chorley] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 SU 1 MA P100 BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP9PJ UT WOS:000360226400207 ER PT J AU Dutta, A Adhikari, S Hegde, PM Hlaing, AA Tsai, MS Weinfeld, M Hegde, M Mitra, S AF Dutta, A. Adhikari, S. Hegde, P. M. Hlaing, A. A. Tsai, M-S Weinfeld, M. Hegde, M. Mitra, S. TI X-Rays Enhance XRCC1-Complex Mediated Alternative End Joining of Blocked DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Cancer Cells. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dutta, A.; Adhikari, S.; Hegde, P. M.; Hegde, M.; Mitra, S.] Houston Methodist Res Inst, Houston, TX USA. [Dutta, A.; Mitra, S.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Hlaing, A. A.; Tsai, M-S] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weinfeld, M.] Univ Alberta, Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 SU 1 MA 28 BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP9PJ UT WOS:000360226400105 ER PT J AU Sridharan, DM Enerio, S Chen, J Chen, L Stampfer, M Garbe, J Pluth, JM AF Sridharan, D. M. Enerio, S. Chen, J. Chen, L. Stampfer, M. Garbe, J. Pluth, J. M. TI The Impact of Age and Radiation Quality on Genomic Instability. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sridharan, D. M.; Enerio, S.; Chen, J.; Chen, L.; Stampfer, M.; Garbe, J.; Pluth, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 SU 1 MA P3 BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP9PJ UT WOS:000360226400110 ER PT J AU Susan, CT Lisbeth, KS Christiane, VL Sharon, KK David, EW William, MB Katrina, MW AF Susan, Tilton C. Lisbeth, Siddens K. Christiane, Lohr, V Sharon, Krueger K. David, Williams E. William, Baird M. Katrina, Waters M. TI Assessing Carcinogenic Risk of PAH Mixtures Using Mechanism-Based Approaches SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Susan, Tilton C.; Lisbeth, Siddens K.; Christiane, Lohr, V; Sharon, Krueger K.; David, Williams E.; William, Baird M.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Katrina, Waters M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 SU 1 MA P102 BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP9PJ UT WOS:000360226400209 ER PT J AU Wyrobek, AJ Rabin, B Bhatnagar, S Albertolle, M Straume, T Witkowska, HE AF Wyrobek, A. J. Rabin, B. Bhatnagar, S. Albertolle, M. Straume, T. Witkowska, H. E. TI Molecular Profiling of Neurocognitive Performance and Risk for Neurological Disease after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wyrobek, A. J.; Bhatnagar, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rabin, B.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Albertolle, M.; Witkowska, H. E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sandler Moore Mass Spectrometry Core Facil, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Straume, T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 SU 1 MA S48 BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP9PJ UT WOS:000360226400048 ER PT J AU Zavala, J Ledbetter, A White, PA DeMarini, DM Gilmour, MI Higuchi, M AF Zavala, J. Ledbetter, A. White, P. A. DeMarini, D. M. Gilmour, M., I Higuchi, M. TI Critical Evaluation of Air-Liquid Interface Exposure Devices for In Vitro Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zavala, J.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zavala, J.; Ledbetter, A.; DeMarini, D. M.; Gilmour, M., I; Higuchi, M.] US EPA, NHEERL, Durham, NC USA. [White, P. A.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 SU 1 MA S42 BP S41 EP S41 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP9PJ UT WOS:000360226400042 ER PT J AU Quandt, CA Kohler, A Hesse, CN Sharpton, TJ Martin, F Spatafora, JW AF Quandt, C. Alisha Kohler, Annegret Hesse, Cedar N. Sharpton, Thomas J. Martin, Francis Spatafora, Joseph W. TI Metagenome sequence of Elaphomyces granulatus from sporocarp tissue reveals Ascomycota ectomycorrhizal fingerprints of genome expansion and a Proteobacteria-rich microbiome SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCORRHIZA HELPER BACTERIUM; TUBER-BORCHII VITTAD; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; SP-NOV.; SECONDARY METABOLISM; PROTEIN FAMILIES; GENE PREDICTION; FUNGAL GENOMES; BICOLOR S238N; DIVERSITY AB Many obligate symbiotic fungi are difficult to maintain in culture, and there is a growing need for alternative approaches to obtaining tissue and subsequent genomic assemblies from such species. In this study, the genome of Elaphomyces granulatus was sequenced from sporocarp tissue. The genome assembly remains on many contigs, but gene space is estimated to be mostly complete. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Elaphomyces lineage is most closely related to Talaromyces and Trichocomaceae s.s. The genome of E.granulatus is reduced in carbohydrate-active enzymes, despite a large expansion in genome size, both of which are consistent with what is seen in Tuber melanosporum, the other sequenced ectomycorrhizal ascomycete. A large number of transposable elements are predicted in the E.granulatus genome, especially Gypsy-like long terminal repeats, and there has also been an expansion in helicases. The metagenome is a complex community dominated by bacteria in Bradyrhizobiaceae, and there is evidence to suggest that the community may be reduced in functional capacity as estimated by KEGG pathways. Through the sequencing of sporocarp tissue, this study has provided insights into Elaphomyces phylogenetics, genomics, metagenomics and the evolution of the ectomycorrhizal association. C1 [Quandt, C. Alisha; Spatafora, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sharpton, Thomas J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sharpton, Thomas J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kohler, Annegret; Martin, Francis] INRA, Ctr Nancy, Champenoux, France. [Hesse, Cedar N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Quandt, CA (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM alishaq@umich.edu FU NSF [DEB-0732993]; Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems [ANR-11-LABX-0002-01] FX The authors acknowledge the contributions made by Mark Desanko and Alija Mujic. We also thank the input and technical support from Aurelie Deveau, Emmanuelle Morin and Claude Murat at INRA. For the Monascus ruber genome, we acknowledge the contributions of Igor Grigoriev and Kerrie Berry at the Joint Genomes Institute of the US Department of Energy, and Kerry O'Donnell and Stacy Sink at the USDA-ARS in Peoria, IL. Funding was provided from the following sources: NSF grants DEB-0732993 to JWS, and the Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ANR-11-LABX-0002-01) to FM. A Laboratory of Excellence Visiting Scientist Award and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship supported CAQ. NR 105 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 8 BP 2952 EP 2968 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12840 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CP7EA UT WOS:000360048800029 PM 25753751 ER PT J AU Williams, JT Bacon, LD Walker, MJ Zeek, EC AF Williams, Jeffery T. Bacon, Larry D. Walker, Michael J. Zeek, Erik C. TI A Robust Approach for the Analysis of EMI/EMC Problems With Nonlinear Circuit Loads SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG, 2014 CL Raleigh, NC SP IEEE DE Circuit transient analysis; computational electromagnetics; electromagnetic coupling; nonlinear network analysis ID TRANSMISSION; LINES; MODEL AB The analysis of electromagnetic coupling in nonlinear circuit simulations requires a bidirectional, fully consistent approach. Nonlinear responses of semiconductor devices in electronic circuit components can change the impedances seen at circuit nodes, changing the boundary conditions encountered by impressed electromagnetic fields and, thus, changing the characteristics of the energy coupled from these external fields into that circuit. It is important to include the coupling in the circuit simulation self-consistently because this allows us to accurately predict the responses to various EMI/EMC problems of interest. It is also important to predict circuit responses efficiently because that opens the door to statistical applications for the technique being used. In this paper, we review a technique that we have developed called A Thevenin Equivalent Network Approach. This approach is shown to be quite robust in that it is computationally efficient; it can be implemented in a variety of commonly available circuit solving codes; it already includes a few additional techniques required to enhance its implementation in those codes; and it is quite accurate. C1 [Williams, Jeffery T.; Bacon, Larry D.; Walker, Michael J.; Zeek, Erik C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Directed Energy Special Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Williams, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Directed Energy Special Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jtwill@sandia.gov; ldbacon@sandia.gov; mjwalke@sandia.gov; eczeek@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 57 IS 4 SI SI BP 680 EP 687 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2438065 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CP6RI UT WOS:000360015200009 ER PT J AU Tian, XX Halligan, MS Gui, LQ Li, X Kim, K Connor, S Archambeault, B Cracraft, M Ruehli, A Li, QX Pommerenke, D Drewniak, JL AF Tian, Xinxin Halligan, Matthew S. Gui, Liangqi Li, Xiao Kim, Kiyeong Connor, Samuel Archambeault, Bruce Cracraft, Michael Ruehli, Albert Li, Qingxia Pommerenke, David Drewniak, James L. TI Quantifying Radiation and Physics From Edge-Coupled Signal Connectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG, 2014 CL Raleigh, NC SP IEEE DE Electromagnetic radiation; mixed-mode S-parameters; printed circuit board connectors; time domain reflectometry; total radiated power ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-RADIATION; REVERBERATION CHAMBERS; EMI; CONFIGURATIONS; BACKPLANE AB Electromagnetic radiation at a production printed circuit board (PCB) midplane connector is studied in this paper. A highly detailed simulation model is constructed and corroborated by comparing measured and simulated results, for both mixed-mode S-parameters and total radiated power, which is measured in a reverberation chamber and over-the-air anechoic chamber. The radiation loss in the production connector is a small fraction of the total loss. Common-mode antenna current is used to understand the radiation physics. C1 [Tian, Xinxin; Gui, Liangqi; Li, Qingxia] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sci & Technol Multispectral Informat Proc Lab, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Halligan, Matthew S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Electromagnet Compatibil Lab, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Kim, Kiyeong] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Connor, Samuel; Archambeault, Bruce; Cracraft, Michael] IBM Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Tian, XX (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Elect Engn, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM guilq@hust.edu.cn; mhallig@sandia.gov; tianxx1988@hust.edu.cn; xiaoli3@cisco.com; kky0112k@eeinfo.kaist.ac.kr; sconnor@us.ibm.com; barch@us.ibm.com; macracra@us.ibm.com; albert.ruehli@gmail.com; qingxia_li@hust.edu.cn; davidjp@mst.edu; drew-niak@mst.edu FU National Science Foundation [0855878] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0855878. This paper is an expanded version from the 2014 IEEE International Symposium on EMC, Raleigh, NC, USA, August 3-8, 2014. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 EI 1558-187X J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 57 IS 4 SI SI BP 780 EP 787 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2440372 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA CP6RI UT WOS:000360015200021 ER PT J AU Fleetwood, D Brown, D Girard, S Gouker, P Gerardin, S Quinn, H Barnaby, H AF Fleetwood, Dan Brown, Dennis Girard, Sylvain Gouker, Pascale Gerardin, Simone Quinn, Heather Barnaby, Hugh TI 2015 Special Issue of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE Modeling and Simulation of Radiation Effects Editor Comments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fleetwood, Dan] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Girard, Sylvain] Univ St Etienne, St Etienne, France. [Gouker, Pascale] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gerardin, Simone] Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Quinn, Heather] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Barnaby, Hugh] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Fleetwood, D (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1439 EP 1439 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2462231 PN 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200001 ER PT J AU Reed, RA Weller, RA Mendenhall, MH Fleetwood, DM Warren, KM Sierawski, BD King, MP Schrimpf, RD Auden, EC AF Reed, Robert A. Weller, Robert A. Mendenhall, Marcus H. Fleetwood, Daniel M. Warren, Kevin M. Sierawski, Brian D. King, Michael P. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Auden, Elizabeth C. TI Physical Processes and Applications of the Monte Carlo Radiative Energy Deposition (MRED) Code SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Displacement damage; Monte Carlo; MRED; radiation effects; radiation transport; single event effects; single event upset; total ionizing dose ID SINGLE-EVENT-UPSETS; MULTIPLE-BIT UPSET; PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SILICON-ON-INSULATOR; SEU HARDENED SRAM; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; HARDNESS ASSURANCE; CMOS TECHNOLOGY; DEVICE RESPONSE AB MRED is a Python-language scriptable computer application that simulates radiation transport. It is the computational engine for the on-line tool CREME-MC. MRED is based on c++ code from Geant4 with additional Fortran components to simulate electron transport and nuclear reactions with high precision. We provide a detailed description of the structure of MRED and the implementation of the simulation of physical processes used to simulate radiation effects in electronic devices and circuits. Extensive discussion and references are provided that illustrate the validation of models used to implement specific simulations of relevant physical processes. Several applications of MRED are summarized that demonstrate its ability to predict and describe basic physical phenomena associated with irradiation of electronic circuits and devices. These include effects from single particle radiation (including both direct ionization and indirect ionization effects), dose enhancement effects, and displacement damage effects. MRED simulations have also helped to identify new single event upset mechanisms not previously observed by experiment, but since confirmed, including upsets due to muons and energetic electrons. C1 [Reed, Robert A.; Weller, Robert A.; Fleetwood, Daniel M.; Warren, Kevin M.; Sierawski, Brian D.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. [Mendenhall, Marcus H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [King, Michael P.; Auden, Elizabeth C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Reed, RA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37215 USA. EM robert.reed@vanderbilt.edu FU NASA; DTRA Basic Research Program; DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program; Vanderbilt University FX This work was supported by NASA, the DTRA Basic Research Program, the DTRA Radiation Hardened Microelectronics Program, and internal funds from Vanderbilt University. NR 99 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1441 EP 1461 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2454446 PN 1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200002 ER PT J AU Quinn, H Wirthlin, M AF Quinn, Heather Wirthlin, Michael TI Validation Techniques for Fault Emulation of SRAM-based FPGAs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Emulation; fault diagnosis; field programmable gate arrays; radiation effects ID SEU MITIGATION; INJECTION; CIRCUITS; SYSTEM; RECONFIGURATION; PROPAGATION; RELIABILITY; UNSHADES-1; FRAMEWORK AB A variety of fault emulation systems have been created to study the effect of single-event effects (SEEs) in static random access memory (SRAM) based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These systems are useful for augmenting radiation-hardness assurance (RHA) methodologies for verifying the effectiveness for mitigation techniques; understanding error signatures and failure modes in FPGAs; and failure rate estimation. For radiation effects researchers, it is important that these systems properly emulate how SEEs manifest in FPGAs. If the fault emulation systems does not mimic the radiation environment, the system will generate erroneous data and incorrect predictions of behavior of the FPGA in a radiation environment. Validation determines whether the emulated faults are reasonable analogs to the radiation-induced faults. In this paper we present methods for validating fault emulation systems and provide several examples of validated FPGA fault emulation systems. C1 [Quinn, Heather] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wirthlin, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, NSF Ctr High Performance Reconfigurable Comp CHRE, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hquinn@lanl.gov FU I/UCRC Program of National Science Foundation [1265957]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the I/UCRC Program of the National Science Foundation under Grant 1265957. This work was authored by an employee of Los Alamos National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting this work for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this work, or allow others to do so for U.S. Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly supports academic freedom and a researcher's right to publish; however, the Laboratory as an institution does not endorse the viewpoint of a publication or guarantee its technical correctness. This document is released publicly as LA-UR-14-29373. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1487 EP 1500 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2456101 PN 1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200004 ER PT J AU Esqueda, IS Barnaby, HJ King, MP AF Esqueda, I. Sanchez Barnaby, H. J. King, M. P. TI Compact Modeling of Total Ionizing Dose and Aging Effects in MOS Technologies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aging effects; compact modeling; ionizing radiation; MOSFET; semiconductor devices; SOI ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; INDUCED INTERFACE TRAPS; DEPLETED SOI DEVICES; SIO2 GATE INSULATORS; RADIATION RESPONSE; CHARGE RELAXATION; HOLE TRANSPORT; CMOS DEVICES; BORDER TRAPS; OXIDE CHARGE AB This paper presents a physics-based compact modeling approach that incorporates the impact of total ionizing dose (TID) and stress-induced defects into simulations of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices and integrated circuits (ICs). This approach utilizes calculations of surface potential (psi(s)) to capture the charge contribution from oxide trapped charge and interface traps and to describe their impact on MOS electrostatics and device operating characteristics as a function of ionizing radiation exposure and aging effects. The modeling approach is demonstrated for bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOS device. The formulation is verified using TCAD simulations and through the comparison of model calculations and experimental characteristics from irradiated devices. The modeling approach is suitable for simulating TID and aging effects in advanced MOS devices and ICs, and is compatible with modern MOSFET compact modeling techniques. A circuit-level demonstration is given for TID and aging effects in SRAM cells. C1 [Esqueda, I. Sanchez] Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. [Barnaby, H. J.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [King, M. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Esqueda, IS (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. EM isanchez@isi.edu NR 81 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1501 EP 1515 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2414426 PN 1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200005 ER PT J AU Black, DA Robinson, WH Wilcox, IZ Limbrick, DB Black, JD AF Black, Dolores A. Robinson, William H. Wilcox, Ian Z. Limbrick, Daniel B. Black, Jeffrey D. TI Modeling of Single Event Transients With Dual Double-Exponential Current Sources: Implications for Logic Cell Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Circuit simulation; combinational circuits; integrated circuit modeling; logic cells; radiation effects; semiconductor device modeling ID UPSET RATE PREDICTION; HEAVY-ION; PULSE-WIDTHS; SOFT ERRORS; CMOS; MICROELECTRONICS; TECHNOLOGIES AB Single event effects (SEE) are a reliability concern for modern microelectronics. Bit corruptions can be caused by single event upsets (SEUs) in the storage cells or by sampling single event transients (SETs) from a logic path. An accurate prediction of soft error susceptibility from SETs requires good models to convert collected charge into compact descriptions of the current injection process. This paper describes a simple, yet effective, method to model the current waveform resulting from a charge collection event for SET circuit simulations. The model uses two double-exponential current sources in parallel, and the results illustrate why a conventional model based on one double-exponential source can be incomplete. A small set of logic cells with varying input conditions, drive strength, and output loading are simulated to extract the parameters for the dual double-exponential current sources. The parameters are based upon both the node capacitance and the restoring current (i.e., drive strength) of the logic cell. C1 [Black, Dolores A.; Wilcox, Ian Z.; Black, Jeffrey D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Robinson, William H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Limbrick, Daniel B.] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Black, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dablack@sandia.gov; william.h.robinson@vanderbilt.edu; iwilcox@sandia.gov; daniel.limbrick@ncat.edu; jefblac@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1540 EP 1549 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2449073 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200008 ER PT J AU Farmer, WA Friedman, A AF Farmer, William A. Friedman, Alex TI Effect of Multiple Scattering on the Compton Recoil Current Generated in an EMP, Revisited SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EM analysis; EMP radiation effects; high altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP); nuclear explosions; radiative interference ID NUCLEAR-EXPLOSIONS AB Multiple scattering has historically been treated in EMP modeling through the obliquity factor. The validity of this approach is examined here. A simplified model problem, which correctly captures cyclotron motion, Doppler shifting due to the electron motion, and multiple scattering is first considered. The simplified problem is solved three ways: the obliquity factor, Monte-Carlo, and Fokker-Planck finite-difference. Because of the Doppler effect, skewness occurs in the distribution. It is demonstrated that the obliquity factor does not correctly capture this skewness, but the Monte-Carlo and Fokker-Planck finite-difference approaches do. The obliquity factor and Fokker-Planck finite-difference approaches are then compared in a fuller treatment, which includes the initial Klein-Nishina distribution of the electrons, and the momentum dependence of both drag and scattering. It is found that, in general, the obliquity factor is adequate for most situations. However, as the gamma energy increases and the Klein-Nishina becomes more peaked in the forward direction, skewness in the distribution causes greater disagreement between the obliquity factor and a more accurate model of multiple scattering. C1 [Farmer, William A.; Friedman, Alex] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Farmer, WA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM farmer10@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1695 EP 1706 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2431683 PN 1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RR UT WOS:000360016200026 ER PT J AU Erickson, KG AF Erickson, Keith G. TI NSTX-U Advances in Real-Time C++11 on Linux SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Computer languages; real-time systems; software design AB Programming languages like C and Ada combined with proprietary embedded operating systems have dominated the real-time application space for decades. The new C++ 11 standard includes native, language-level support for concurrency, a required feature for any nontrivial event-oriented real-time software. Threads, Locks, and Atomics now exist to provide the necessary tools to build the structures that make up the foundation of a complex real-time system. The National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is breaking new ground with the language as applied to the needs of fusion devices. A new Digital Coil Protection System (DCPS) will serve as the main protection mechanism for the magnetic coils, and it is written entirely in C++ 11 running on Concurrent Computer Corporation's real-time operating system, RedHawk Linux. It runs over 600 algorithms in a 5 kHz control loop that determine whether or not to shut down operations before physical damage occurs. To accomplish this, NSTX-U engineers developed software tools that do not currently exist elsewhere, including real-time atomic synchronization, real-time containers, and a real-time logging framework. Together with a recent (and carefully configured) version of the GCC compiler, these tools enable data acquisition, processing, and output using a conventional operating system to meet a hard real-time deadline (that is, missing one periodic is a failure) of 200 microseconds. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Erickson, KG (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM kerickso@pppl.gov FU Princeton University [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This manuscript was authored by Princeton University under Contract DE-AC02-09CH11466 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1758 EP 1765 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2448106 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RS UT WOS:000360016400008 ER PT J AU Davydov, L Fochuk, P Zakharchenko, A Kutny, V Rybka, A Kovalenko, N Sulima, S Terzin, I Gerasimenko, A Kosmyna, M Sklyarchuk, V Kopach, O Panchuk, O Pudov, A Bolotnikov, AE James, RB AF Davydov, L. Fochuk, P. Zakharchenko, A. Kutny, V. Rybka, A. Kovalenko, N. Sulima, S. Terzin, I. Gerasimenko, A. Kosmyna, M. Sklyarchuk, V. Kopach, O. Panchuk, O. Pudov, A. Bolotnikov, A. E. James, R. B. TI Improving and Characterizing (Cd, Zn) Te Crystals for Detecting Gamma-Ray Radiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdZnTe seeded growth; In doping; semiconductor radiation detectors; spectroscopic characteristics; surface barrier detector; Zn uniformity ID CDZNTE CRYSTALS; BRIDGMAN; DEFECTS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB Cd0.9Zn0.1 Te ingots were synthesized from pure components (6N purity Cd, Zn, and Te with In as the dopant) and subsequently grown from the melt under an argon overpressure. Graphite crucibles (with and without an inner coating of pyrolytic BN) were used. The temperature gradient in the solidification zone was 7-30 K/cm, and the growth rate was 0.6-1.0 mm/hour. We investigated the chemical composition, structure, and electrical properties of the as-grown crystals, and established relationships between the crystal properties and the growth conditions. The bottom, middle, and top of the ingots had n-type conductivity, but slightly different properties. Resistivity reached a maximum in the middle of the ingots ((2.5 - 5.0) x 10(10) Ohm-cm), and was less at the edges similar to 0.8 x 10(10) Ohm-cm. The value of the bandgap was minimal in the middle of the ingots (similar to 1.5 eV), and 1.53-1.55 eV at the edges. The compensation degree (N-d/N-a) of the energy level responsible for the low dark conductivity showed a maximum value at the bottom of the ingots (similar to 60 - 90%), and a minimum in the middle part (1-2%). The crystals were then used to fabricate Cd(Zn) Te detectors for gamma-ray radiation. C1 [Davydov, L.; Zakharchenko, A.; Kutny, V.; Rybka, A.; Pudov, A.] Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Fochuk, P.; Sklyarchuk, V.; Kopach, O.; Panchuk, O.] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58000 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Kovalenko, N.; Sulima, S.; Terzin, I.; Gerasimenko, A.; Kosmyna, M.] Inst Single Crystals, UA-310001 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, A. E.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Davydov, L (reprint author), Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ldavydov@kipt.kharkov.ua; p.fochuk@chnu.edu.ua; nazar@isc.kharkov.ua; bolotnik@bnl.gov; rjames@bnl.gov RI Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Panchuk, Oleg/C-1764-2017; Kopach, Oleh/C-3993-2017 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Panchuk, Oleg/0000-0003-3906-1858; Kopach, Oleh/0000-0002-1513-5261 FU Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU) [P-406]; Department of Energy's NNSA Global Initiative of Proliferation Prevention; DOE/NNSA's Office of DNN RD FX This work was supported by the Science and Technology Center of Ukraine (STCU) under Project #P-406, the Department of Energy's NNSA Global Initiative of Proliferation Prevention, and the DOE/NNSA's Office of DNN R&D. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1779 EP 1784 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2448939 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RS UT WOS:000360016400011 ER PT J AU Haefner, A Gunter, D Barnowski, R Vetter, K AF Haefner, Andrew Gunter, Donald Barnowski, Ross Vetter, Kai TI A Filtered Back-Projection Algorithm for 4 pi Compton Camera Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Compton imaging; Compton telescope; filtered back-projection; radon transform AB Compton imaging is a gamma-ray imaging technique useful for photons with energies in the range of a hundred keV to several MeV. Measuring gamma rays with a Compton camera results in cone data that needs to be mathematically inverted to determine the incident flux distribution. In the past, filtered back-projection solutions for Compton telescope data required sums of spherical harmonics or stereographically mapping the back-projection, which can result in imaging artifacts. We present a solution to this inversion problem that removes these complexities by embedding the 2-D directional image on the surface of a sphere S-2 into R-3 where it is easily solvable. In this manner we relate 2-D Compton 4 pi imaging to the 3-D Radon transform, which has known solutions. To accomplish this, the cone data is converted to planar data. Additionally we show how the planar geometry can be used to produce a computationally efficient implementation. This reconstruction is demonstrated with a two-plane, double-sided strip, HPGe Compton camera. C1 [Haefner, Andrew; Gunter, Donald; Vetter, Kai] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Appl Nucl Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnowski, Ross; Vetter, Kai] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haefner, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Appl Nucl Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ahaefner@lbl.gov FU DNDO; U.S. Department of Homeland Security [ECCS-1140069] FX This work was supported by DNDO. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under the Grant Award Number contract ECCS-1140069. Disclaimer: The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1911 EP 1917 DI 10.1109/TNS.2015.2457436 PN 2 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP6RS UT WOS:000360016400027 ER PT J AU Mason, A Biswal, A Xie, H Li, G Fu, C Tang, Y Hardin, F Mohnen, D Nelson, RS Wang, ZY AF Mason, A. Biswal, A. Xie, H. Li, G. Fu, C. Tang, Y. Hardin, F. Mohnen, D. Nelson, R. S. Wang, Z. Y. TI Experimental Design and Sample Collection for Comparing BESC TOP Lines of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in the Greenhouse SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT In Vitro Biology Meeting CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 2015 CL Tucson, AZ SP Soc In Vitro Biol C1 [Mason, A.; Xie, H.; Li, G.; Fu, C.; Tang, Y.; Hardin, F.; Nelson, R. S.; Wang, Z. Y.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. [Biswal, A.; Mohnen, D.] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Mason, A.; Biswal, A.; Xie, H.; Li, G.; Tang, Y.; Hardin, F.; Mohnen, D.; Nelson, R. S.; Wang, Z. Y.] ORNL, Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM ammason@noble.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 MA P-3026 BP 502 EP 503 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA CP5NS UT WOS:000359929900045 ER PT J AU Beshr, M Aute, V Sharma, V Abdelaziz, O Fricke, B Radermacher, R AF Beshr, M. Aute, V. Sharma, V. Abdelaziz, O. Fricke, B. Radermacher, R. TI A comparative study on the environmental impact of supermarket refrigeration systems using low GWP refrigerants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE LCCP; GWP; Alternative refrigerant; Supermarket refrigeration; Environmental impact AB Supermarket refrigeration systems have high environmental impact due to their large refrigerant charge and high leak rates. Consequently, the interest in using low GWP refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and new refrigerant blends is increasing. In this paper, an open-source Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) framework is presented and used to compare the environmental impact of four supermarket refrigeration systems: a transcritical CO2 booster system, a cascade CO2/N-40 system, a combined secondary circuit with central DX N-40/L-40 system, and a baseline multiplex direct expansion system utilizing R-404A and N-40. The study is performed for different climates within the USA using EnergyPlus to simulate the systems' hourly performance. Further analyses are presented such as parametric, sensitivity, and uncertainty analyses to study the impact of different system parameters on the LCCP. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 [Beshr, M.; Aute, V.; Radermacher, R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sharma, V.; Abdelaziz, O.; Fricke, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aute, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 3155 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vikrant@umd.edu RI Abdelaziz, Omar/O-9542-2015; OI Abdelaziz, Omar/0000-0002-4418-0125; Fricke, Brian/0000-0001-8197-3477 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Integrated Systems Optimization Consortium (ISOC) at the University of Maryland, College Park; Building Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Integrated Systems Optimization Consortium (ISOC) at the University of Maryland, College Park. The authors also acknowledge the support of Building Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy for their financial support. Furthermore, the authors acknowledge the support of Samuel Yana Motta, Ankit Sethi, and Honeywell International Inc. for their in-kind and technical support. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 EI 1879-2081 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD AUG PY 2015 VL 56 BP 154 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.03.025 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA CP4UH UT WOS:000359877600015 ER PT J AU Steelman, R Clark, B Pantoya, ML Heaps, RJ Daniels, MA AF Steelman, Ryan Clark, Billy Pantoya, Michelle L. Heaps, Ronald J. Daniels, Michael A. TI Desensitizing nano powders to electrostatic discharge ignition SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS LA English DT Article DE Electrostatic discharge; Ignition; Aluminum; Thermites; Nanoparticles; Electrical conductivity ID PROPAGATION; COMPOSITES; AL/CUO AB Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a main cause for ignition in powder media ranging from grain silos to fireworks. Nanoscale particles are orders of magnitude more ESD ignition sensitive than their micron scale counterparts. This study shows that at least 13 vol. % carbon nanotubes (CNT) added to nano-aluminum and nano-copper oxide particles (nAl + CuO) eliminates ESD ignition sensitivity. The CNT act as a conduit for electric energy and directs electric charge through the powder to desensitize the reactive mixture to ignition. For nanoparticles, the required CNT concentration for desensitizing ESD ignition acts as a diluent to quench energy propagation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Steelman, Ryan; Clark, Billy; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Heaps, Ronald J.; Daniels, Michael A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0439]; Idaho National Laboratory; LDRD program FX The authors M. Pantoya, B. Clark and R. Steelman are grateful for support from the Army Research Office contract number W911NF-11-1-0439 and encouragement from our program manager, Dr. Ralph Anthenien. Idaho National Laboratory is also gratefully acknowledged for supporting this collaborative work with internal funds via the LDRD program. We are also thankful to Mr. Matt Simmons at Texas Tech University for creating the graphical abstract artwork included here. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3886 EI 1873-5738 J9 J ELECTROSTAT JI J. Electrost. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 76 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.elstat.2015.05.008 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CP5XY UT WOS:000359960000016 ER PT J AU Thompson, CM Wolf, JC Elbekai, RH Paranjpe, MG Seiter, JM Chappell, MA Tappero, RV Suh, M Proctor, DM Bichteler, A Haws, LC Harris, MA AF Thompson, Chad M. Wolf, Jeffrey C. Elbekai, Reem H. Paranjpe, Madhav G. Seiter, Jennifer M. Chappell, Mark A. Tappero, Ryan V. Suh, Mina Proctor, Deborah M. Bichteler, Anne Haws, Laurie C. Harris, Mark A. TI Duodenal crypt health following exposure to Cr(VI): Micronucleus scoring, gamma-H2AX immunostaining, and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Hexavalent chromium; Cr(VI); Synchrotron; Duodenum; Carcinogenesis; Mode of action; gamma-H2AX ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; STEM-CELLS; DRINKING-WATER; MOUSE DUODENUM; HISTONE H2AX; B6C3F1 MICE; CANCER; MODE; PHOSPHORYLATION; HUMANS AB Lifetime exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in drinking water results in intestinal damage and an increase in duodenal tumors in B6C3F1 mice. To assess whether these tumors could be the result of a direct mutagenic or genotoxic mode of action, we conducted a GLP-compliant 7-day drinking water study to assess crypt health along the entire length of the duodenum. Mice were exposed to water (vehicle control), 1.4, 21, or 180 ppm Cr(VI) via drinking water for 7 consecutive days. Crypt enterocytes in Swiss roll sections were scored as normal, mitotic, apoptotic, karyorrhectic, or as having micronuclei. A single oral gavage of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide served as a positive control for micronucleus induction. Exposure to 21 and 180 ppm Cr(VI) significantly increased the number of crypt enterocytes. Micronuclei and gamma-H2AX immunostaining were not elevated in the crypts of Cr(VI)treated mice. In contrast, treatment with cyclophosphamide significantly increased numbers of crypt micronuclei and qualitatively increased gamma-H2AX immunostaining. Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy revealed the presence of strong Cr fluorescence in duodenal villi, but negligible Cr fluorescence in the crypt compartment. Together, these data indicate that Cr(VI) does not adversely effect the crypt compartment where intestinal stem cells reside, and provide additional evidence that the mode of action for Cr(VI)-induced intestinal cancer in B6C3F1 mice involves chronic villous wounding resulting in compensatory crypt enterocyte hyperplasia. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Thompson, Chad M.; Harris, Mark A.] ToxStrategies Inc, Katy, TX 77494 USA. [Wolf, Jeffrey C.] Expt Pathol Labs, Sterling, VA 20166 USA. [Elbekai, Reem H.; Paranjpe, Madhav G.] BioReliance, Rockville, MD USA. [Seiter, Jennifer M.; Chappell, Mark A.] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Tappero, Ryan V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Suh, Mina; Proctor, Deborah M.] ToxStrategies Inc, Mission Viejo, CA 92692 USA. [Bichteler, Anne; Haws, Laurie C.] ToxStrategies Inc, Austin, TX 78731 USA. RP Thompson, CM (reprint author), ToxStrategies Inc, 23123 Cinco Ranch Blvd,Suite 220, Katy, TX 77494 USA. EM cthompson@toxstrategies.com; jWolf@epl-inc.com; reem.elbekai@bioreliance.com; madhav.paranjpe@bioreliance.com; jennifer.M.Seiter@erdc.dren.mil; Mark.A.Chappell@usace.army.mil; rtappero@bnl.gov; msuh@toxstrategies.com; dproctor@toxstrategies.com; abichteler@toxstrategies.com; lhaws@toxstrategies.com; mharris@toxstrategies.com FU Cr(VI) Panel of the American Chemistry Council; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Cr(VI) Panel of the American Chemistry Council. Beamline X27A is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago - CARS). Use of the NSLS was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 EI 1879-3592 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 789 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.05.004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA CP5XV UT WOS:000359959600007 PM 26232259 ER PT J AU Zeng, ZY Zhang, XW Bustillo, K Niu, KY Gammer, C Xu, J Zheng, HM AF Zeng, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xiaowei Bustillo, Karen Niu, Kaiyang Gammer, Christoph Xu, Jun Zheng, Haimei TI In Situ Study of Lithiation and Delithiation of MoS2 Nanosheets Using Electrochemical Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Liquid cell TEM; electrochemical liquid cell; solid electrolyte interface; MoS2; lithium-ion batteries ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; DIRECT VISUALIZATION; SILICON NANOPILLARS; GROWTH; NANOCOMPOSITES; INTERPHASE; ANODES; MODEL; FABRICATION; MECHANISM AB We report the observation of lithiation/delithiation of MoS2 nanosheets in a LiPF6/EC/DEC commercial electrolyte for the application of lithium-ion batteries using electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Upon discharge in a voltage range of 1.8-1.2 V, MoS2 on the Ti electrode underwent irreversible decomposition resulting in fragmentation of the MoS2 nanosheets into 5-10 nm MoS2 nanoparticles. Repeated experiments also show that some MoS2 nanosheets do not decompose upon lithiation. Instead, lithiation induced structural expansion and deformation has been observed. A solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) was formed on the anode side of the Ti electrode in contact with Li metal. The SEI layer is composed of LiF nanocrystals distributed within the entire layer with the constituent elements C, O, and F. However, no passivation film was observed on the cathode side of the Ti electrode with MoS2 nanosheets on it. Such an in situ electrochemical liquid cell TEM study sheds light on battery degradation mechanisms. C1 [Zeng, Zhiyuan; Zhang, Xiaowei; Niu, Kaiyang; Zheng, Haimei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bustillo, Karen; Gammer, Christoph] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiaowei; Xu, Jun] Nanjing Univ, Sch Elect Sci & Engn, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xiaowei; Xu, Jun] Nanjing Univ, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Niu, Kaiyang; Gammer, Christoph; Zheng, Haimei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zheng, HM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmzheng@lbl.gov RI Niu, Kaiyang/M-4765-2013; zeng, zhiyuan/G-7571-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 OI Niu, Kaiyang/0000-0003-3289-1322; zeng, zhiyuan/0000-0001-7483-1438; FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB632101]; China Scholarship Council [201406190080]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3397]; DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program FX The experiments were conducted using the TEM facility JEOL2100 at Materials Sciences Division and CM 200, PET Tecnai, and FEI Titan microscopes at the Molecular Foundry of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. X.W.Z. acknowledges the support of National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB632101) and China Scholarship Council under No. 201406190080. C.G. thanks the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [J3397] for support. H.Z. thanks the support of DOE Office of Science Early Career Research Program and also the BEARS SinBeRise travel support. We thank Direct Electron, LP (San Diego, CA) for providing the high speed direct electron camera model DE-12 for movie capture. We acknowledge Zachary Andersen and Peter Ercius who made contribution to the development of the code used to acquire the nanobeam diffraction datasets. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 21 U2 149 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5214 EP 5220 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02483 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700054 PM 26147953 ER PT J AU Majewski, PW Yager, KG AF Majewski, Pawei W. Yager, Kevin G. TI Latent Alignment in Pathway-Dependent Ordering of Block Copolymer Thin Films SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Block copolymer; self-assembly; nonequilibrium; shear; photothermal ID MAGNETIC-FIELD ALIGNMENT; PS-B-PMMA; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; INTERACTION PARAMETER; DISORDER TRANSITION; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SHEAR; ORIENTATION; METHACRYLATE); TEMPERATURE AB Block copolymers spontaneously form well-defined nanoscale morphologies during thermal annealing. Yet, the structures one obtains can be influenced by nonequilibrium effects, including processing history or pathway-dependent assembly. Here, we explore various pathways, for ordering of block copolymer thin films, using oven-annealing, as well as newly disclosed methods for rapid photothermal annealing and photothermal shearing. We report the discovery of an efficient pathway for ordering self-assembled films: ultrarapid shearing of as-cast films induces "latent alignment" in the disordered morphology. Subsequent thermal processing can then develop this directly into a uniaxially aligned morphology with low defect density. This deeper understanding of pathway-dependence may have broad implications in self-assembly. C1 [Majewski, Pawei W.; Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yager, KG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kyager@bnl.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704] FX Research carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5221 EP 5228 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01463 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700055 PM 26161969 ER PT J AU Zeng, JW Gao, J Luk, TS Litchinitser, NM Yang, XD AF Zeng, Jinwei Gao, Jie Luk, Ting S. Litchinitser, Natalia M. Yang, Xiaodong TI Structuring Light by Concentric-Ring Patterned Magnetic Metamaterial Cavities SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Optical vortex; vector beam; magnetic metamaterial cavity; Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements; spin angular momentum; orbital angular momentum ID ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; PANCHARATNAM-BERRY PHASE; CYLINDRICAL VECTOR BEAMS; OPTICAL VORTICES; POLARIZED-LIGHT; GENERATION; MANIPULATION; REFRACTION; NANOSCALE; FIBERS AB Ultracompact and tunable beam converters pose a significant potential for modern optical technologies ranging from classical and quantum communication to optical manipulation. Here we design and demonstrate concentric-ring patterned structures of magnetic metamaterial cavities capable of tailoring both polarization and phase of light by converting circularly polarized light into a vector beam with an orbital angular momentum. We experimentally illustrate the realization of both radially and azimuthally polarized vortex beams using such concentric-ring patterned magnetic metamaterials. These results contribute to the advanced complex light manipulation with optical metamaterials, making it one step closer to realizing the simultaneous control of polarization and orbital angular momentum of light on a chip. C1 [Zeng, Jinwei; Gao, Jie; Yang, Xiaodong] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Luk, Ting S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Litchinitser, Natalia M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Yang, XD (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM yangxia@mst.edu OI Zeng, Jinwei/0000-0001-5795-2406 FU University of Missouri Interdisciplinary Intercampus Research Program; Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award; National Science Foundation [CBET-1402743]; U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0333]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge the financial support from the University of Missouri Interdisciplinary Intercampus Research Program, the Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award, the National Science Foundation under grant CBET-1402743, and U.S. Army Research Office Award # W911NF-11-1-0333. The authors also acknowledge the facility support from the Materials Research Center at Missouri S&T. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by the Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5363 EP 5368 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01738 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700077 PM 26121268 ER PT J AU Chong, KE Staude, I James, A Dominguez, J Liu, S Campione, S Subramania, GS Luk, TS Decker, M Neshev, DN Brener, I Kivshar, YS AF Chong, Katie E. Staude, Isabelle James, Anthony Dominguez, Jason Liu, Sheng Campione, Salvatore Subramania, Ganapathi S. Luk, Ting S. Decker, Manuel Neshev, Dragomir N. Brener, Igal Kivshar, Yuri S. TI Polarization-Independent Silicon Metadevices for Efficient Optical Wavefront Control SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Metasurface; metadevice; electromagnetic duality; Huygens' surface; vortex beam; beamshaping ID DIELECTRIC METASURFACES; DIRECTIONAL SCATTERING; FANO RESONANCES; VISIBLE-LIGHT; NANOPARTICLES; NANOANTENNAS AB We experimentally demonstrate a functional silicon metadevice at telecom wavelengths that can efficiently control the wavefront of optical beams by imprinting a spatially varying transmittance phase independent of the polarization of the incident beam. Near-unity transmittance efficiency and close to 0-2 pi phase coverage are enabled by utilizing the localized electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances of low-loss silicon nanoparticles tailored to behave as electromagnetically dual-symmetric scatterers. We apply this concept to realize a metadevice that converts a Gaussian beam into a vortex beam. The required spatial distribution of transmittance phases is achieved by a variation of the lattice spacing as a single geometric control parameter. C1 [Chong, Katie E.; Staude, Isabelle; Decker, Manuel; Neshev, Dragomir N.; Kivshar, Yuri S.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Nonlinear Phys Ctr, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [James, Anthony; Dominguez, Jason; Liu, Sheng; Campione, Salvatore; Subramania, Ganapathi S.; Luk, Ting S.; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Staude, I (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Nonlinear Phys Ctr, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM isabelle.staude@uni-jena.de RI Staude, Isabelle/N-4270-2015; Neshev, Dragomir/A-3759-2008; OI Neshev, Dragomir/0000-0002-4508-8646; Decker, Manuel/0000-0002-9125-0851 FU Australian Nanotechnology Network; Australian National University Vice Chancellor's HDR Travel Grants; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Australian Research Council FX The authors thank Mr. Guangyao Li for useful discussions. K.E.C. thanks the Australian Nanotechnology Network and the Australian National University Vice Chancellor's HDR Travel Grants for their funding support. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors also acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 29 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5369 EP 5374 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01752 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700078 PM 26192100 ER PT J AU Lin, YY Wu, ZL Wen, JG Ding, KL Yang, XY Poeppelmeier, KR Marks, LD AF Lin, Yuyuan Wu, Zili Wen, Jianguo Ding, Kunlun Yang, Xiaoyun Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R. Marks, Laurence D. TI Adhesion and Atomic Structures of Gold on Ceria Nanostructures: The Role of Surface Structure and Oxidation State of Ceria Supports SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gold; ceria; atomic structures; adhesion; aberration corrected STEM HAADF; nanocube; nanorods; catalysis ID WATER-GAS SHIFT; CO OXIDATION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; NANOCRYSTALLINE CEO2; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AU-CEO2 CATALYSTS; METAL-CATALYSTS; SMALL-PARTICLE; NANOPARTICLES; TIO2 AB We report an aberration-corrected electron microscopy analysis of the adhesion and atomic structures of gold nanoparticle catalysts supported on ceria nanocubes and nanorods. Under oxidative conditions, the as-prepared gold nanoparticles on the ceria nanocubes have extended atom layers at the metal-support interface. In contrast, regular gold nanoparticles and rafts are present on the ceria nanorod supports. Under the reducing conditions of water gas shift reaction, the extended gold atom layers and rafts vanish. In addition, the gold particles on the nanocubes change in morphology and increase in size while those on the nanorods are almost unchanged. The size, morphology, and atomic interface structures of gold strongly depend on the surface structures of ceria supports ((100) surface versus (111) surface) and the reaction environment (reductive versus oxidative). These findings provide insights into the deactivation mechanisms and the shape-dependent catalysis of oxide supported metal catalysts. C1 [Lin, Yuyuan; Marks, Laurence D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wu, Zili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Zili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wen, Jianguo] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ding, Kunlun; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Lin, YY (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM YuyuanLin2014@u.northwestern.edu; wuz1@ornl.gov; l-marks@northwestern.edu RI Marks, Laurence/B-7527-2009; Ding, Kunlun/D-3292-2012; Wu, Zili/F-5905-2012 OI Wu, Zili/0000-0002-4468-3240 FU Northwestern University Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (ICEP) [DOE DE-FG02-03-ER15457]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division FX We acknowledge funding from Northwestern University Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes (ICEP) on grant number DOE DE-FG02-03-ER15457 (Y.L., K.R.P., and L.D.M.). The STEM work was performed at the Research Sources Center at University of Illinois at Chicago. The HRTEM work was performed at Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC. Z.W. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division. The catalytic test was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility. Y.L. thanks Daniel Fowler and James A. McCarthy for very useful discussions. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 19 U2 122 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5375 EP 5381 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02694 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700079 PM 26222267 ER PT J AU Tian, YH Huang, JS Sheng, XL Sumpter, BG Yoon, M Kertesz, M AF Tian, Yong-Hui Huang, Jingsong Sheng, Xiaolan Sumpter, Bobby G. Yoon, Mina Kertesz, Miklos TI Nitrogen Doping Enables Covalent-Like pi-pi Bonding between Graphenes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE graphene; nitrogen doping; interlayer separation; pi-pi bonding; pancake bonding; van der Waals ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; N-DOPED GRAPHENE; BILAYER GRAPHENE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MONOLAYER GRAPHENE; BORON; GRAPHITE; CRYSTAL; PANCAKE; DIMERS AB The neighboring layers in bilayer (and few-layer) graphenes of both AA and AB stacking motifs are known to be separated at a distance corresponding to van der Waals (vdW) interactions. In this Letter, we present for the first time a new aspect of graphene chemistry in terms of a special chemical bonding between the giant graphene "molecules". Through rigorous theoretical calculations, we demonstrate that the N-doped graphenes (NGPs) with various doping levels can form an unusual two-dimensional (2D) pi-pi bonding in bilayer NGPs bringing the neighboring NGPs to significantly reduced interlayer separations. The interlayer binding energies can be enhanced by up to 50% compared to the pristine graphene bilayers that are characterized by only vdW interactions. Such an unusual chemical bonding arises from the pi-pi overlap across the vdW gap while the individual layers maintain their in-plane pi-conjugation and are accordingly planar. The existence of the resulting interlayer covalent-like bonding is corroborated by electronic structure calculations and crystal orbital overlap population (COOP) analyses. In NGP-based graphite with the optimal doping level, the NGP layers are uniformly stacked and the 3D bulk exhibits metallic characteristics both in the in-plane and along the stacking directions. C1 [Tian, Yong-Hui; Sheng, Xiaolan] Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Res Ctr Analyt Instrumentat, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.; Yoon, Mina] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Jingsong; Sumpter, Bobby G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kertesz, Miklos] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. RP Tian, YH (reprint author), Sichuan Univ, Coll Life Sci, Res Ctr Analyt Instrumentat, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM yonghuitian@scu.edu.cn RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Yoon, Mina/A-1965-2016; Huang, Jingsong/A-2789-2008; Kertesz, Miklos/E-7122-2010 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; Yoon, Mina/0000-0002-1317-3301; Huang, Jingsong/0000-0001-8993-2506; Kertesz, Miklos/0000-0002-7930-3260 FU National Science Foundation of China [21443012]; Sichuan University; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, a U.S. DOE Office of Science user facility; U.S. National Science Foundation at Georgetown University [CHE-1006702]; U.S. DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21443012) and the Faculty Startup Grant of Sichuan University, by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, a U.S. DOE Office of Science user facility, and by the U.S. National Science Foundation support at Georgetown University (Grant No. CHE-1006702). Y.T. and X.S. thank the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen for providing the computational resources and HPC engineers Boyang Li and Zhifang Song at Beijing Paratera Technology Co., Ltd. for their technical support. J.H., B.G.S., and M.Y. are indebted to the computational resource of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the U.S. DOE Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. M.K. is member of the Georgetown Institute of Soft Matter. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 15 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5482 EP 5491 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01940 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700095 PM 26151153 ER PT J AU Wong, AB Lai, ML Eaton, SW Yu, Y Lin, E Dou, L Fu, A Yang, PD AF Wong, Andrew Barnabas Lai, Minliang Eaton, Samuel Wilson Yu, Yi Lin, Elbert Dou, Letian Fu, Anthony Yang, Peidong TI Growth and Anion Exchange Conversion of CH3NH3PbX3 Nanorod Arrays for Light-Emitting Diodes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Hybrid perovskite nanorod array; perovskite light-emitting diode; CH3NH3PBr3; CH3NH3PbI3; nanorod array light-emitting diode; anion exchange ID ORGANOMETAL HALIDE PEROVSKITE; SOLAR-CELLS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; CATION-EXCHANGE; EFFICIENT; NANOWIRES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALLIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION AB The nanowire and nanorod morphology offers great advantages for application in a range of optoelectronic devices, but these high-quality nanorod arrays are typically based on high temperature growth techniques. Here, we demonstrate the successful room temperature growth of a hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3PbBr3) nanorod array, and we also introduce a new low temperature anion exchange technique to convert the CH3NH3PbBr3 nanorod array into a CH3NH3PbI3 nanorod array while preserving morphology. We demonstrate the application of both these hybrid perovskite nanorod arrays for LEDs. This work highlights the potential utility of postsynthetic interconversion of hybrid perovskites for nanostructured optoelectronic devices such as LEDs, which enables new strategies for the application of hybrid perovskites. C1 [Wong, Andrew Barnabas; Lai, Minliang; Eaton, Samuel Wilson; Yu, Yi; Lin, Elbert; Dou, Letian; Fu, Anthony; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wong, Andrew Barnabas; Yu, Yi; Dou, Letian; Fu, Anthony; Yang, Peidong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, Peidong] Kavli Energy Nanosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation [EP-14-151] FX This work is supported by Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231(PChem). S.W.E. would like to acknowledge the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for financial support, award number EP-14-151. NR 45 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 40 U2 300 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5519 EP 5524 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02082 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700100 PM 26192740 ER PT J AU Kim, J Ong, GK Wang, Y LeBlanc, G Williams, TE Mattox, TM Helms, BA Milliron, DJ AF Kim, Jongwook Ong, Gary K. Wang, Yang LeBlanc, Gabriel Williams, Teresa E. Mattox, Tracy M. Helms, Brett A. Milliron, Delia J. TI Nanocomposite Architecture for Rapid, Spectrally-Selective Electrochromic Modulation of Solar Transmittance SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electrochromic; nanocomposite architecture; plasmonic nanocrystals; block copolymer templated assembly ID TUNGSTEN-OXIDE FILMS; POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SMART WINDOWS; THIN-FILMS; NANOCRYSTALS; PERFORMANCE; NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRODES AB Two active electrochromic materials, vacancy-doped tungsten oxide (WO3-x) nanocrystals and amorphous niobium oxide (NbOx) glass are arranged into a mesostructured architecture. In a strategy applicable across electrochemical applications, the critical dimensions and interfacial connections in the nanocomposite are designed to optimize pathways for electrochemical charging and discharging. The result is an unprecedented optical range for modulation of visible and near-infrared solar radiation with rapid switching kinetics that indicate the WO3-x nanocrystal framework effectively pumps charge out of the normally sluggish NbOx glass. The material is durable for at least 2000 electrochemical cycles. C1 [Kim, Jongwook; Ong, Gary K.; Wang, Yang; LeBlanc, Gabriel; Milliron, Delia J.] Univ Texas Austin, McKetta Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ong, Gary K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, Teresa E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Grad Grp Appl Sci & Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Williams, Teresa E.; Mattox, Tracy M.; Helms, Brett A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milliron, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, McKetta Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM milliron@che.utexas.edu RI Milliron, Delia/D-6002-2012; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Helms, Brett/0000-0003-3925-4174 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) ARPA-E grant; DOE Early Career Research Program; Welch Foundation [F-1848]; National Science Foundation FX The authors thank Prof. W.H. Casey for early support regarding POM materials and synthesis. Some of this research was carried out at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, a user facility supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research was supported by a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) ARPA-E grant (Y.W.) and a DOE Early Career Research Program grant (J.K. and G.L.). D.J.M. acknowledges support of the Welch Foundation (F-1848). G.K.O. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 19 U2 124 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5574 EP 5579 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02197 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700109 PM 26189324 ER PT J AU Wu, ZZ Ji, SP Zheng, JX Hu, ZX Xiao, S Wei, Y Zhuo, ZQ Lin, Y Yang, WL Xu, K Amine, K Pan, F AF Wu, Zhongzhen Ji, Shunping Zheng, Jiaxin Hu, Zongxiang Xiao, Shu Wei, Yi Zhuo, Zengqing Lin, Yuan Yang, Wanli Xu, Kang Amine, Khalil Pan, Feng TI Prelithiation Activates Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O-2 for High Capacity and Excellent Cycling Stability SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE prelithiation; two-layer Li; Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O-2; carbint nanotube (CNT); solid electrolyte interface (SEI) ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; CATHODE MATERIALS; CARBON; ELECTRODES; NI; HYDROGENATION; FADE; CO AB Transition metal oxide materials Li(NiMnyCoz)O-2 (NMC) based on layered structures are expected to replace LiFePO4 in automotive Li-ion batteries because of their higher specific capacity and operating potential. However, the actual usable capacity is much lower than the promised theoretical value [Uchaker, E.; Cao, G. Nano Today 2014 9, 499-524; Tarascon, J.-M.; Armand, M. Nature 2001 414, 359-367], in addition to the often poor cycling performance and the first-cycle Coulombic efficiency, for which Mn(II)-dissolution, its immobilization in solid electrolyte interface (SEI), oxidation of electrolytes by Ni, and other parasitic process thereat have been held responsible [Zhan, C., et al. Nat. Commun. 2013 4, 2437; Wang, L,et al. J. Solid State Electrochem. 2009 13, 1157-1164; Lin, F., et al. Nat. Commun. 2014.5, 4529]. Previously, we reported a composite Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O-2 (NMC532) depolarized by the embedded carbon nanotube (CNT) and achieved capacity close to the theoretical limit [Wu, Z., et al. Nano. Lett. 2014 14, 4700-4706]; unfortunately, this high capacity failed to be maintained in long-term cycling due to the degrading contacts between the active ingredient and CNT network. On the basis of that NMC532/ CNT composite, the present work proposes a unique "prelithiation process", which brought the cathode to low potentials before regular cycling and led to an intetphase that is normally formed only on anode surfaces. The complete coverage of cathode surface by this, similar to 40 nm thick interphase effectively prevented Mn(II) dissolution and minimized the side reactions of Ni, Co, and Mn at the NMC interface during the subsequent cycling process. More importantly, such a "prelithiation" process activated a structure containing two Li layers near the surface of NMC532 particles, as verified by XRD and first principle calculation. Hence, a new cathode material of both high capacity with depolarized structure and excellent cycling performance was generated. This new structure can be incorporated in essentially all the NMC-based layered cathode materials, providing us with an effective tool to tailor-design future new cathode materials for lithium batteries. C1 [Wu, Zhongzhen; Ji, Shunping; Zheng, Jiaxin; Hu, Zongxiang; Xiao, Shu; Wei, Yi; Zhuo, Zengqing; Lin, Yuan; Amine, Khalil; Pan, Feng] Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Adv Mat, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. [Zhuo, Zengqing; Yang, Wanli] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Kang] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pan, F (reprint author), Peking Univ, Shenzhen Grad Sch, Sch Adv Mat, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. EM panfeng@pkusz.edu.cn RI Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; lin, yuan/G-9390-2013 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; lin, yuan/0000-0003-3410-3588 FU National Science Foundation of China [51301004]; Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant [JCYJ20140903102215536, CXZZ20120829172325895]; Guangdong - Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding [SGLH20120928095706623, GHP/015/12SZ]; ShenZhen National SuperComputing Center FX This work was financially supported jointly by National Science Foundation of China (No. 51301004), Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Grant (No. JCYJ20140903102215536, CXZZ20120829172325895) and Guangdong - Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding (SGLH20120928095706623 and GHP/015/12SZ). Additionally, we acknowledge the support of ShenZhen National SuperComputing Center. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 43 U2 248 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 5590 EP 5596 DI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02246 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP1CO UT WOS:000359613700112 PM 26182195 ER PT J AU Patete, JM Scofield, ME Volkov, V Koenigsmann, C Zhang, YM Marschilok, AC Wang, XY Bai, JM Han, JY Wang, L Wang, F Zhu, YM Graetz, JA Wong, SS AF Patete, Jonathan M. Scofield, Megan E. Volkov, Vyacheslav Koenigsmann, Christopher Zhang, Yiman Marschilok, Amy C. Wang, Xiaoya Bai, Jianming Han, Jinkyu Wang, Lei Wang, Feng Zhu, Yimei Graetz, Jason A. Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates SO NANO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ambient synthesis; template synthesis; cathode material; lithium iron phosphate; nanostructures ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ENHANCED ELECTROCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE; HYDROTHERMALLY PREPARED LIFEPO4; MOLTEN-SALT METHOD; CATHODE MATERIALS; AMORPHOUS FEPO4; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS; ANTISITE DEFECTS; SHAPE CONTROL AB LiFePO4 materials have become increasingly popular as a cathode material due to the many benefits they possess including thermal stability, durability, low cost, and long life span. Nevertheless, to broaden the general appeal of this material for practical electrochemical applications, it would be useful to develop a relatively mild, reasonably simple synthesis method of this cathode material. Herein, we describe a generalizable, 2-step methodology of sustainably synthesizing LiFePO4 by incorporating a template-based, ambient, surfactantless, seedless, U-tube protocol in order to generate size and morphologically tailored, crystalline, phase-pure nanowires. The purity, composition, crystallinity, and intrinsic quality of these wires were systematically assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), and high-resolution synchrotron XRD. From these techniques, we were able to determine that there is an absence of any obvious defects present in our wires, supporting the viability of our synthetic approach. Electrochemical analysis was also employed to assess their electrochemical activity. Although our nanowires do not contain any noticeable impurities, we attribute their less than optimal electrochemical rigor to differences in the chemical bonding between our LiFePO4 nanowires and their bulk-like counterparts. Specifically, we demonstrate for the first time experimentally that the Fe-O3 chemical bond plays an important role in determining the overall conductivity of the material, an assertion which is further supported by recent "first-principles" calculations. Nonetheless, our ambient, solution-based synthesis technique is capable of generating highly crystalline and phase-pure energy-storage-relevant nanowires that can be tailored so as to fabricate different sized materials of reproducible, reliable morphology. C1 [Patete, Jonathan M.; Scofield, Megan E.; Koenigsmann, Christopher; Zhang, Yiman; Marschilok, Amy C.; Wang, Xiaoya; Wang, Lei; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Volkov, Vyacheslav; Han, Jinkyu; Zhu, Yimei; Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Marschilok, Amy C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wang, Xiaoya; Wang, Feng; Graetz, Jason A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Bai, Jianming] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Stanislaus.wong@stonybrook.edu RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015; Wang, Feng/C-1443-2016; Volkov, Vyacheslav/D-9786-2016; Wang, Xiaoya/F-9394-2015 OI Wang, Feng/0000-0003-4068-9212; FU Stony Brook University-Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-SC-00112704]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012673]; Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center FX We thank Professor M. S. Whittingham (SUNY Binghamton) for helpful discussions. A Stony Brook University-Brookhaven National Laboratory seed grant involving S. S. W. and J. A. G. was used to initiate initial experiments. Synthesis research of the various samples (including support for J. M. P., M. E. S., C. K., J. H., L. W., and S. S. W.) and HRTEM characterization (including support for V. V. and Yimei Z.) were otherwise funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and DE-SC-00112704. The studies involving electrochemical lithiation were supported as part of the Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award #DE-SC0012673. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 72 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1998-0124 EI 1998-0000 J9 NANO RES JI Nano Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2573 EP 2594 DI 10.1007/s12274-015-0763-5 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA CP4PR UT WOS:000359865100011 ER PT J AU Wong, BS Brown, L Buckingham, R Sweet, W Russ, B Gorensek, M AF Wong, Bunsen Brown, Lloyd Buckingham, Robert Sweet, Wendi Russ, B. Gorensek, Max TI Sulfur dioxide disproportionation for sulfur based thermochemical energy storage SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Thermochemical processes; Sulfur storage; CSP energy storage ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; DECOMPOSITION; REACTOR; SYSTEM; RAMAN AB Sulfur dioxide disproportionation is one of three reaction steps that make up the sulfur based thermochemical cycle used for thermal energy storage of concentrated solar power. The characteristics of this reaction were studied using thermodynamic modeling and laboratory measurements. Modeling results showed full disproportionation can only be achieved at pressure. The reaction driving force is enhanced by system pressure but declines with increasing temperature. Appropriate water to sulfur dioxide ratio also drives disproportionation. Batch experiments showed that reaction rate increases with temperature. A catalyst survey identified homogenous iodides as catalysts that can improve the reaction rate by up to twenty times while increasing the apparent extent of disproportionation. The dependence of disproportionation rate on sulfuric acid concentration was established via constant pressure experiments. Means to recover the iodide catalyst from sulfuric acid and molten sulfur for reuse were demonstrated. Modeling and test results were used to establish a design concept for a sulfur dioxide disproportionation reactor system capable of rapidly generating sulfur as required for the sulfur based thermochemical energy storage technology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wong, Bunsen; Brown, Lloyd; Buckingham, Robert; Sweet, Wendi; Russ, B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Gorensek, Max] Savannah River Natl Lab, Computat Sci Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wong, BS (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, 3550 Gen Atom Ct, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM bunsen.wong@ga.com FU Sunshot Initiative, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-EE0003588] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Sunshot Initiative, U.S. Department of Energy, under Grant DE-EE0003588. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gottfried Besenbruch. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 118 BP 134 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2015.04.037 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CO4YL UT WOS:000359166700014 ER PT J AU Singh, D Zhao, WH Yu, WH France, DM Kim, T AF Singh, Dileep Zhao, Weihuan Yu, Wenhua France, David M. Kim, Taeil TI Analysis of a graphite foam-NaCl latent heat storage system for supercritical CO2 power cycles for concentrated solar power SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Concentrated solar power; Graphite foam-NaCl combination; Latent heat thermal energy storage; Supercritical CO2 power cycle ID THERMAL-PROPERTIES; PLANTS AB A latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) system that operates at high temperature was analyzed for applications to supercritical CO2 (s-CO2) power cycles for a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant. Because the operation temperature of the s-CO2 power cycles is high (650-700 degrees C), sodium chloride (NaCl), with a melting point of 800 degrees C, was selected as the phase-change material (PCM) for energy storage. Due to the low thermal conductivity of salt materials (usually <1 W/m K), use of graphite foam was chosen to improve the overall thermal conductivity of the graphite foam-PCM combination. Three-dimensional (3-D) heat transfer simulations were conducted for the envisioned full-scale LHTES system. The anisotropic thermal conductivities of graphite foam were considered in the simulations. The thermal performance and the exergy efficiency were investigated for the full-scale LHTES system to study the improvements due to the graphite foam. The results show that this material improves the heat transfer performance in the LHTES system and, therefore, significantly reduces the total number of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) pipes needed in the storage system by a factor of 12 compared to a PCM-only system. Furthermore, the graphite foam helps to increase the exergy efficiency of the LUTES system considerably. The system parameter (i.e. HTF inlet temperature, flow velocity) effects on the thermal performance and exergy efficiency of the graphite foam-PCM LHTES system were analyzed in the paper. Moreover, the graphite foam NaCl system matches the temperature requirements of the s-CO2 power cycles for the CSP plant. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Singh, Dileep; Zhao, Weihuan; Yu, Wenhua; France, David M.; Kim, Taeil] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [France, David M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Singh, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dsingh@anl.gov FU Solar Energy Technologies Program (SunShot Initiative) of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was sponsored by the Solar Energy Technologies Program (SunShot Initiative) of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 at Argonne National Laboratory, managed by UChicago Argonne LLC. Discussions with Dr. Levi Irwin (SunShot Initiative) on various aspects of this work are much appreciated. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 118 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.016 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CO4YL UT WOS:000359166700022 ER PT J AU Lave, M Reno, MJ Broderick, RJ AF Lave, Matthew Reno, Matthew J. Broderick, Robert J. TI Characterizing local high-frequency solar variability and its impact to distribution studies SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Solar variability; Distribution grid integration; Voltage regulator; Tap changes ID IRRADIANCE VARIABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS AB Accurately representing the local solar variability at timescales relevant to distribution grid operations (30-s and shorter) is essential to modeling the impact of solar photovoltaics (PV) on distribution feeders. Due to a lack of available high-frequency solar data, some distribution grid studies have used synthetically-created PV variability or measured PV variability from a different location than their study location. In this work, we show the importance of using accurate solar PV variability inputs in distribution studies. Using high-frequency solar irradiance data from 10 locations in the United States, we compare the ramp rate distributions at the different locations, use a quantitative metric to describe the solar variability at each location, and run distribution simulations using representative 1-week samples from each location to demonstrate the impact of locational solar variability on the number of voltage regulator tap change operations. Results show more than a factor of 3 difference in the number of tap change operations between different PV power variability samples based on irradiance from the different locations. Errors in simulated number of tap changes of up to 70% were found when using low-frequency (e.g., 15-min) solar variability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lave, Matthew] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Reno, Matthew J.; Broderick, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Lave, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mlave@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 118 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.028 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CO4YL UT WOS:000359166700031 ER PT J AU Babiniec, SM Coker, EN Miller, JE Ambrosini, A AF Babiniec, Sean M. Coker, Eric N. Miller, James E. Ambrosini, Andrea TI Investigation of LaxSr1-xCoyM1-yO3-delta (M = Mn, Fe) perovskite materials as thermochemical energy storage media SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Concentrating solar power; Thermochemical energy storage; Perovskite; Thermogravimetric analysis ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COBALT OXIDE; CYCLES; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; PERFORMANCE; REDUCTION; STABILITY; CATHODES AB Materials in the LaxSr1-xCoyMn1-yO3-delta (LSCM) and LaxSr1-xCoyFe1-yO3-delta (LSCF) families are candidates for high-temperature thermochemical energy storage due to their facility for cyclic endothermic reduction and exothermic oxidation. A set of 16 LSCM and 21 LSCF compositions were synthesized by a modified Pechini method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. All materials were found to be various symmetries of the perovskite phase. LSCM was indexed as tetragonal, cubic, rhombohedral, or orthorhombic as a function of increased lanthanum content. For LSCF, compositions containing low lanthanum content were indexed as cubic while materials with high lanthanum content were indexed as rhombohedral. An initial screening of redox activity was completed by thermogravimetric analysis for each composition. The top three compositions with the greatest recoverable redox capacity for each family were further characterized in equilibrium thermogravimetric experiments over a range of temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. These equilibrium experiments allowed the extraction of thermodynamic parameters for LSCM and LSCF compositions operated in thermochemical energy storage conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Babiniec, Sean M.; Ambrosini, Andrea] Sandia Natl Labs Mat Devices & Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Coker, Eric N.; Miller, James E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ambrosini, A (reprint author), POB 5800,MS 0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aambros@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative [DE-FOA-0000805] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative under Award Number DE-FOA-0000805. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 118 BP 451 EP 459 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.040 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CO4YL UT WOS:000359166700043 ER PT J AU Peng, ZZ Yu, DT Huang, D Heiser, J Yoo, S Kalb, P AF Peng, Zhenzhou Yu, Dantong Huang, Dong Heiser, John Yoo, Shinjae Kalb, Paul TI 3D cloud detection and tracking system for solar forecast using multiple sky imagers SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Sky imagery; Cloud detecting; Cloud tracking; Short-term forecast ID GROUND-BASED IMAGES; UC SAN-DIEGO; BASE-HEIGHT; MOTION ESTIMATION; CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION; IRRADIANCE AB We propose a system for forecasting short-term solar irradiance based on multiple total sky imagers (TSIs). The system utilizes a novel method of identifying and tracking clouds in three-dimensional space and an innovative pipeline for forecasting surface solar irradiance based on the image features of clouds. First, we develop a supervised classifier to detect clouds at the pixel level and output cloud mask. In the next step, we design intelligent algorithms to estimate the block-wise base height and motion of each cloud layer based on images from multiple TSIs. This information is then applied to stitch images together into larger views, which are then used for solar forecasting. We examine the system's ability to track clouds under various cloud conditions and investigate different irradiance forecast models at various sites. We confirm that this system can (1) robustly detect clouds and track layers, and (2) extract the significant global and local features for obtaining stable irradiance forecasts with short forecast horizons from the obtained images. Finally, we vet our forecasting system at the 32-megawatt Long Island Solar Farm (LISF). Compared with the persistent model, our system achieves at least a 26% improvement for all irradiance forecasts between one and fifteen minutes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peng, Zhenzhou; Yu, Dantong] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Peng, Zhenzhou; Yu, Dantong; Huang, Dong; Heiser, John; Yoo, Shinjae; Kalb, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, DT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM zhenzhou.peng@stonybrook.edu; dtyu@bnl.gov; dhuang@bnl.gov; heiser@bnl.gov; sjyoo@bnl.gov; kalb@bnl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This research receives the generous support from the DOE project "A Public-Private-Academic Partnership to Advance Solar Power Forecasting". It is partially supported by DOE Grant DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 118 BP 496 EP 519 DI 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.037 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA CO4YL UT WOS:000359166700047 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, A AF Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila TI Tolerance engineering in bacteria for the production of advanced biofuels and chemicals SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE solvent tolerance; bacterial host engineering; biofuel production; efflux pump; transporters ID ORGANIC-SOLVENT TOLERANCE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA DOT-T1E; MULTIDRUG EFFLUX PUMP; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN OVEREXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAIN; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; N-BUTANOL TOLERANCE; GENOME SEQUENCE; FATTY-ACIDS; E. COLI AB During microbial production of solvent-like compounds, such as advanced biofuels and bulk chemicals, accumulation of the final product can negatively impact the cultivation of the host microbe and limit the production levels. Consequently, improving solvent tolerance is becoming an essential aspect of engineering microbial production strains. Mechanisms ranging from chaperones to transcriptional factors have been used to obtain solvent-tolerant strains. However, alleviating growth inhibition does not invariably result in increased production. Transporters specifically have emerged as a powerful category of proteins that bestow tolerance and often improve production but are difficult targets for cellular expression. Here we review strain engineering, primarily as it pertains to bacterial solvent tolerance, and the benefits and challenges associated with the expression of membrane-localized transporters in improving solvent tolerance and production. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Mukhopadhyay, Aindrila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, A (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM amukhopadhyay@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Victor Chubukov provided critical discussion on several topics covered in this review. Heather Jensen provided valuable help with proofreading the manuscript and minimizing grammatical errors. A.M. is funded at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract no DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 132 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X EI 1878-4380 J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 23 IS 8 BP 498 EP 508 DI 10.1016/j.tim.2015.04.008 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA CP5WN UT WOS:000359956200010 PM 26024777 ER PT J AU Luo, JY Gao, F Karim, AM Xu, PH Browning, ND Peden, CHF AF Luo, Jinyong Gao, Feng Karim, Ayman M. Xu, Pinghong Browning, Nigel D. Peden, Charles H. F. TI Advantages of MgAlOx over gamma-Al2O3 as a Support Material for Potassium-Based High-Temperature Lean NO(x)Traps SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE potassium; MgAl2O4; lean NOx trap; Pt sintering; thermal aging ID NOX STORAGE-REDUCTION; TRAP CATALYSTS; PT/BAO/AL2O3; PERFORMANCE; OXIDATION; MECHANISMS; MONOLITH; BEHAVIOR; REACTOR AB MgAlOx mixed oxides were employed as supports for potassium-based lean NOx traps (LNTs) targeted for high-temperature applications. Effects of support compositions, K/Pt loadings, thermal aging, and catalyst regeneration on NOx storage capacity were systematically investigated. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, NOx-TPD, TEM, STEM-HAADF, and in situ XAFS. The results indicate that MgAlOx mixed oxides have significant advantages over conventional gamma-Al2O3 supports for LNT catalysts, in terms of high-temperature NOx trapping capacity and thermal stability. First, as a basic support, MgAlOx stabilizes stored nitrates (in the form of KNO3) to much higher temperatures in comparison to mildly acidic gamma-Al2O3. Second, MgAlOx minimizes Pt sintering during thermal aging, which is not possible for gamma-Al2O3 supports. Notably, combined XRD, in situ XAFS, and STEM-HAADF results indicate that Pt species in the thermally aged Pt/MgAlOx samples are finely dispersed in the oxide matrix as isolated atoms. This strong metal support interaction stabilizes Pt and minimizes the extent of sintering. However, such strong interactions result in Pt oxidation via coordination with the support so that NO oxidation activity can be adversely affected after aging, which in turn decreases NOx trapping ability for these catalysts. Interestingly, a high-temperature reduction treatment regenerates essentially full NOx trapping performance. In fact, regenerated Pt/K/MgAlOx, catalyst exhibits much better NOx trapping performance than fresh Pt/K/Al2O3 LNTs over the entire temperature range investigated here. In addition to thermal aging, Pt/K loading effects were systemically studied over the fresh samples. The results indicate that NOx trapping is kinetically limited at low temperatures, while it is thermodynamically limited at high temperatures. A simple conceptual model was developed to explain the Pt and K loading effects on NOx storage. An optimized K loading, which allows balancing between the stability of nitrates and exposed Pt surface, gives the best NOx trapping capability. C1 [Luo, Jinyong; Gao, Feng; Karim, Ayman M.; Xu, Pinghong; Browning, Nigel D.; Peden, Charles H. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Peden, CHF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Integrated Catalysis, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Chuck.Peden@pnnl.gov RI Karim, Ayman/G-6176-2012 OI Karim, Ayman/0000-0001-7449-542X FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER15688]; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the US Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, for primary support of this work. The electron microscopy measurements were also supported by the Chemical Imaging Initiative as part of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Most of the research described in this paper was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, for the XAS experiments was also supported by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15688). Beam line X-18A is supported, in part, by the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 BP 4680 EP 4689 DI 10.1021/acscatal.5b00542 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CO8DL UT WOS:000359395100022 ER PT J AU Liu, B Zhou, MX Chan, MKY Greeley, JP AF Liu, Bin Zhou, Mingxia Chan, Maria K. Y. Greeley, Jeffrey P. TI Understanding Polyol Decomposition on Bimetallic Pt-Mo Catalysts-A DFT Study of Glycerol SO ACS CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE density functional theory; genetic algorithm; glycerol decomposition; molybdenum oxide; Pt-Mo catalysts; scaling relationship ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BIOMASS-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS; TRANSITION-METAL SURFACES; SUPPORTED PT/MO-OXIDE; FINDING SADDLE-POINTS; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; GAS SHIFT REACTION; C-C; ANODE CATALYST; H-2 PRODUCTION AB Catalytic dehydrogenation and C-C and C-O bond cleavage for glycerol decomposition on bimetallic Pt-Mo alloy model catalysts are studied using periodic density functional theory. The scaling relationship developed for monometallic systems for fast binding energy prediction has been tested and validated on both Pt-skin and Pt3Mo-skin bimetallic surfaces. Using only the binding energies of atomic C and O for corresponding alloy surfaces, this simple relationship is shown to be an extremely efficient approach to speeding up the catalytic trend analysis for bimetallic alloy catalysts. Similar to Pt(111), it is found that the Pt-skin surface also favors dehydrogenation via C-H bond cleavage and faster C-C bond cleavage over C-O bond cleavage, but the overall activity decreases compared with pure Pt. On Pt3Mo-skin surfaces, the overall reaction becomes much more exothermic, but Mo species significantly affect the selectivity by favoring the C-O bond cleavage. Thermodynamic analyses also predict that surface Mo species can be easily oxidized under typical reforming conditions, forming molybdate clusters and severely altering surface structures and potentially catalytic properties. Guided by experimental observations, this study also explores possible bifunctional characteristics for Pt Mo bimetallic catalysts responsible for improved reforming activity and hydrogen production rates. C1 [Liu, Bin; Zhou, Mingxia] Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chan, Maria K. Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Greeley, Jeffrey P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Liu, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM binliu@ksu.edu RI Liu, Bin/C-1475-2012 FU Kansas State University; National Science Foundation [EPS-0903806]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF [CNS-1006860]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported in part by a Start-up fund provided by Kansas State University, the National Science Foundation under Award No. EPS-0903806, and matching support from the State of Kansas through the Kansas Board of Regents. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on Fusion, a high-performance computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. We also acknowledge computational resources provided by Beocat Research Cluster at Kansas State University, which is funded in part by NSF Grants CNS-1006860 and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 15 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2155-5435 J9 ACS CATAL JI ACS Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 BP 4942 EP 4950 DI 10.1021/acscatal.5b01127 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CO8DL UT WOS:000359395100055 ER PT J AU Germane, KL Servinsky, MD Gerlach, ES Sund, CJ Hurley, MM AF Germane, Katherine L. Servinsky, Matthew D. Gerlach, Elliot S. Sund, Christian J. Hurley, Margaret M. TI Structural analysis of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 glycoside hydrolase from CAZy family GH105 SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Clostridium acetobutylicum; pectin; unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase; glycoside hydrolase; GH105 ID UNSATURATED GLUCURONYL HYDROLASES; CELL-WALL DEGRADATION; MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EADOCK DSS; PROTEIN; FEATURES; DOCKING; SYSTEM AB Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 gene CA_C0359 encodes a putative unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase (URH) with distant amino-acid sequence homology to YteR of Bacillus subtilis strain 168. YteR, like other URHs, has core structural homology to unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolases, but hydrolyzes the unsaturated disaccharide derivative of rhamnogalacturonan I. The crystal structure of the recombinant CA_C0359 protein was solved to 1.6 angstrom resolution by molecular replacement using the phase information of the previously reported structure of YteR (PDB entry ) from Bacillus subtilis strain 168. The YteR-like protein is a six--hairpin barrel with two -sheet strands and a small helix overlaying the end of the hairpins next to the active site. The protein has low primary protein sequence identity to YteR but is structurally similar. The two tertiary structures align with a root-mean-square deviation of 1.4 angstrom and contain a highly conserved active pocket. There is a conserved aspartic acid residue in both structures, which has been shown to be important for hydration of the C=C bond during the release of unsaturated galacturonic acid by YteR. A surface electrostatic potential comparison of CA_C0359 and proteins from CAZy families GH88 and GH105 reveals the make-up of the active site to be a combination of the unsaturated rhamnogalacturonyl hydrolase and the unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase from Bacillus subtilis strain 168. Structural and electrostatic comparisons suggests that the protein may have a slightly different substrate specificity from that of YteR. C1 [Germane, Katherine L.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Servinsky, Matthew D.; Sund, Christian J.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE B, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gerlach, Elliot S.] Federal Staffing Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Hurley, Margaret M.] US Army Res Lab, RDRL SEE B, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Germane, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 4692 Millennium Dr,Suite 101, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. EM katherine.germane.civ@mail.mil; margaret.m.hurley12.civ@mail.mil OI germane, katherine/0000-0002-5191-2670 FU NIGMS [U54 GM094662] FX We acknowledge Vladimir Malashkevich and Jeffrey Bonanno for assistance with data collection and crystallographic analysis. Jeffrey Bonanno is supported by NIGMS grant U54 GM094662 to Steven Almo. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 2053-230X J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 71 BP 1100 EP 1108 DI 10.1107/S2053230X15012121 PN 8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA CO7PK UT WOS:000359352700031 PM 26249707 ER PT J AU Romero-Severson, EO Volz, E Koopman, JS Leitner, T Ionides, EL AF Romero-Severson, E. O. Volz, E. Koopman, J. S. Leitner, T. Ionides, E. L. TI Dynamic Variation in Sexual Contact Rates in a Cohort of HIV-Negative Gay Men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease transmission; gay men; HIV; HIV risk; iterated filtering; partially observed Markov process; sexual behavior ID STAGE TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SPREAD; EPIDEMIC; SYSTEMS; MODELS; UGANDA; RAKAI AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission models that include variability in sexual behavior over time have shown increased incidence, prevalence, and acute-state transmission rates for a given population risk profile. This raises the question of whether dynamic variation in individual sexual behavior is a real phenomenon that can be observed and measured. To study this dynamic variation, we developed a model incorporating heterogeneity in both between-person and within-person sexual contact patterns. Using novel methodology that we call iterated filtering for longitudinal data, we fitted this model by maximum likelihood to longitudinal survey data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Collaborative HIV Seroincidence Study (1992-1995). We found evidence for individual heterogeneity in sexual behavior over time. We simulated an epidemic process and found that inclusion of empirically measured levels of dynamic variation in individual-level sexual behavior brought the theoretical predictions of HIV incidence into closer alignment with reality given the measured per-act probabilities of transmission. The methods developed here provide a framework for quantifying variation in sexual behaviors that helps in understanding the HIV epidemic among gay men. C1 [Romero-Severson, E. O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Romero-Severson, EO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, POB 1663,Mailstop K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eoromero@lanl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [R01AI78752, R01AI087520]; National Science Foundation [DMS 1308919] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant R01AI78752 to J.S.K. and E.O.R.-S. and grant R01AI087520 to T.L. and E.O.R.-S.) and the National Science Foundation (grant DMS 1308919 to E.L.I.). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 EI 1476-6256 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 182 IS 3 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1093/aje/kwv044 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CO7BC UT WOS:000359311500008 PM 25995288 ER PT J AU Welch, AW Baranowski, LL Zawadzki, P Lany, S Wolden, CA Zakutayev, A AF Welch, Adam W. Baranowski, Lauryn L. Zawadzki, Pawel Lany, Stephan Wolden, Colin A. Zakutayev, Andriy TI CuSbSe2 photovoltaic devices with 3% efficiency SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ABSORBER MATERIALS; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH AB Recent technical and commercial successes of existing thin-film solar cell technologies encourage the exploration of next-generation photovoltaic (PV) absorber materials. Of particular scientific interest are compounds that do not exhibit conventional tetrahedral semiconductor bonding, such as CuSbSe2. CuSbSe2 has a 1.1 eV optical absorption onset, a 10(5)cm(-1) absorption coefficient, and a hole concentration of 10(17)cm(-3). Here, we demonstrate CuSbSe2 PV prototypes with efficiencies >3%, prepared by a self-regulated sputtering process using a conventional substrate device architecture. Bulk recombination, device engineering issues, and a nonideal CuSbSe2/CdS band offset likely limit the promising initial result. (C) 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Welch, Adam W.; Baranowski, Lauryn L.; Zawadzki, Pawel; Lany, Stephan; Zakutayev, Andriy] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Welch, Adam W.; Baranowski, Lauryn L.; Wolden, Colin A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Welch, AW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM adam.welch@nrel.gov; andriy.zakutayev@nrel.gov OI Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, SunShot initiative [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The "Rapid Development of Earth-Abundant Thin-Film Solar Cells" project is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, as part of the SunShot initiative, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL. We would like to acknowledge Clay DeHart for the consistently high quality and rapid application of top contact layers, and F. Willian de S. Lucas for informative discussion. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 43 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 AR 082301 DI 10.7567/APEX.8.082301 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA CO2PW UT WOS:000359000100011 ER PT J AU Chau, M Sriskandha, SE Pichugin, D Therien-Aubin, H Nykypanchuk, D Chauve, G Methot, M Bouchard, J Gang, O Kumacheva, E AF Chau, Mokit Sriskandha, Shivanthi E. Pichugin, Dmitry Therien-Aubin, Heloise Nykypanchuk, Dmitro Chauve, Gregory Methot, Myriam Bouchard, Jean Gang, Oleg Kumacheva, Eugenia TI Ion-Mediated Gelation of Aqueous Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GEL; HYDROGELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRENGTH; RHEOLOGY; SIZE AB Nanofibrillar hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with applications as catalytic scaffolds, artificial extracellular matrixes, coatings, and drug delivery materials. In the present work, we report the results of a comprehensive study of nanofibrillar hydrogels formed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the presence of cations with various charge numbers and ionic radii. We examined sol gel transitions in aqueous CNC suspensions and the rheological and structural properties of the CNC hydrogels. At a particular CNC concentration, with increasing charge and cation size, the dynamic shear moduli and mesh size in the hydrogel increased. These effects were ascribed to a stronger propensity of CNCs for side-by-side association. The resulting hydrogels had an isotropic nanofibrillar structure. A combination of complementary techniques offered insight into structure-property relationships of CNC hydrogels, which are important for their potential applications. C1 [Chau, Mokit; Sriskandha, Shivanthi E.; Pichugin, Dmitry; Therien-Aubin, Heloise; Kumacheva, Eugenia] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. [Nykypanchuk, Dmitro; Gang, Oleg] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chauve, Gregory; Methot, Myriam; Bouchard, Jean] FPInnovations, Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada. [Kumacheva, Eugenia] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. [Kumacheva, Eugenia] Univ Toronto, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada. RP Kumacheva, E (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, 80 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. EM ekumache@chem.utoronto.ca RI Therien-Aubin, Heloise/O-9906-2016 OI Therien-Aubin, Heloise/0000-0003-4567-516X FU NSERC CREATE IDEM program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX M.C. and S.E.S. acknowledge support from the NSERC CREATE IDEM program. The authors thank Battista Calvieri for his assistance in the preparation of hydrogel samples for SEM imaging. Ilya Gourevich is acknowledged for his assistance with SEM imaging We thank Professor Jan Lagerwall for his insight in the interpretation of the results of POM imaging. We thank Bernd Kopera for his assistance in the Debye length calculations. SAXS experiments were carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 17 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 8 BP 2455 EP 2462 DI 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00701 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA CO9MI UT WOS:000359499500023 PM 26102157 ER PT J AU Dawson, AL Razzaghi, H Arth, A Canfield, MA Parker, SE Reefhuis, J AF Dawson, April L. Razzaghi, Hilda Arth, Annelise Canfield, Mark A. Parker, Samantha E. Reefhuis, Jennita CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud TI Maternal exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Time trends of selected exposures SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; case control studies; maternal exposure ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; FOLIC-ACID; PREPREGNANCY OBESITY; PREGNANCY; PARTICIPATION; MALFORMATIONS; MEDICATION; WOMEN AB BackgroundOur objective was to describe time trends in selected pregnancy exposures in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). MethodsWe analyzed data from the NBDPS, a multi-site case-control study of major birth defects, for mothers of live-born infants without birth defects (controls), with an expected date of delivery (EDD) from 1998 to 2011. Mothers from the 10 participating centers across the United States were interviewed by phone between 6 weeks and 2 years after the EDD. We focused on maternal race/ethnicity and five maternal risk factors: obesity, use of folic acid-containing multivitamins, opioid analgesics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and loratadine because of their prevalence of use and some reports of associations with major birth defects. Prevalence time trends were examined using the Kendall's test statistic. ResultsThe exposure trend analysis included 11,724 control mothers with EDDs from 1998 to 2011. We observed a significant increase in obesity prevalence among control mothers, as well as use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and loratadine. We also observed an increase in periconceptional use of folic acid-containing multivitamins. Some of the time trends varied by race/ethnicity. No remarkable trend in the overall use of opioid analgesics was observed. The racial/ethnic distribution of mothers changed slightly during the study period. ConclusionLong-term, population-based case-control studies continue to be an effective way to assess exposure-birth defects associations and provide guidance to health care providers. However, investigators examining rare outcomes covering many years of data collection need to be cognizant of time trends in exposures. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:703-712, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Dawson, April L.; Razzaghi, Hilda; Arth, Annelise; Reefhuis, Jennita] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. [Arth, Annelise] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Canfield, Mark A.] Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Birth Defects Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Austin, TX USA. [Parker, Samantha E.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. RP Dawson, AL (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM isp3@cdc.gov OI /0000-0002-7193-077X FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [PA 96043, PA 02081, FOA DD09-001] FX Contract grant sponsor: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education.; Contract grant sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Centers for Birth Defects Research and Prevention participating in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study; contract grant numbers: PA 96043; PA 02081; FOA DD09-001. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 103 IS 8 BP 703 EP 712 DI 10.1002/bdra.23377 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA CP2XJ UT WOS:000359740800007 PM 25884728 ER PT J AU Ciferno, J Vora, S Dennis, R AF Ciferno, Jared Vora, Shailesh Dennis, Richard TI NATURAL GAS Electric Power SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article C1 [Ciferno, Jared] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Strateg Ctr Nat Gas & Oil, R&D Program, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Dennis, Richard] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Vora, Shailesh] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Fuel Cells Program, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Ciferno, J (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Strateg Ctr Nat Gas & Oil, R&D Program, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM jared.ciferno@netl.doe.gov; shailesh.vora@netl.doe.gov; richard.dennis@netl.doe.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 EI 1945-0710 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 111 IS 8 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CO9MX UT WOS:000359501000021 ER PT J AU Marano, J Spivey, JJ Morreale, B AF Marano, John Spivey, James J. Morreale, Bryan TI NATURAL GAS Chemical Synthesis SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article C1 [Marano, John] JM Energy Consulting Inc, Gibsonia, PA 15044 USA. [Spivey, James J.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Morreale, Bryan] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Marano, J (reprint author), JM Energy Consulting Inc, 1065 South Lake Dr, Gibsonia, PA 15044 USA. EM jmarano@jmenergyconsulting.com; bryan.morreale@netl.doe.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 EI 1945-0710 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 111 IS 8 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CO9MX UT WOS:000359501000022 ER PT J AU Hardy, B Tamburello, D Corgnale, C Anton, D Sulic, M AF Hardy, Bruce Tamburello, David Corgnale, Claudio Anton, Donald Sulic, Martin TI NATURAL GAS Transportation SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID POROUS MATERIALS; ADSORPTION; STORAGE C1 [Hardy, Bruce] Savannah River Natl Lab, Clean Energy Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Tamburello, David; Corgnale, Claudio; Sulic, Martin] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Anton, Donald] US DOE, Savannah River Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Hardy, B (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Clean Energy Directorate, Bldg 999-2W, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM bruce.hardy@srnl.doe.gov; claudio.corgnale@greenway-energy.com; martin.sulic@greenway-energy.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 EI 1945-0710 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 111 IS 8 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CO9MX UT WOS:000359501000023 ER PT J AU Tumeo, A Feo, J AF Tumeo, Antonino Feo, John TI Irregular Applications: From Architectures to Algorithms SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material AB Irregular applications present unpredictable memory-access patterns, data-dependent control flow, and fine-grained data transfers. Only a holistic view spanning all layers of the hardware and software stack can provide effective solutions to address these challenges. C1 [Tumeo, Antonino] Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Feo, John] Context Relevant, Engn, Seattle, WA USA. RP Tumeo, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM antonino.tumeo@pnnl.gov; marwick04@aol.com RI Tumeo, Antonino/L-3106-2016 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 IS 8 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CP0PR UT WOS:000359577900003 ER PT J AU Lloyd, S Gokhale, M AF Lloyd, Scott Gokhale, Maya TI In-Memory Data Rearrangement for Irregular, Data-Intensive Computing SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB The data rearrangement engine (DRE) performs in-memory data restructuring to accelerate irregular, data-intensive applications. An emulation on a field-programmable gate array shows how the DRE could improve speedup, memory bandwidth, and energy consumption on three representative benchmarks. C1 [Lloyd, Scott; Gokhale, Maya] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lloyd, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lloyd23@llnl.gov; gokhale2@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory performed this research under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank Roger Pearce for the original Page-Rank benchmark. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 IS 8 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CP0PR UT WOS:000359577900004 ER PT J AU Halappanavar, M Pothen, A Azad, A Manne, F Langguth, J Khan, A AF Halappanavar, Mahantesh Pothen, Alex Azad, Ariful Manne, Fredrik Langguth, Johannes Khan, Arif TI Codesign Lessons Learned from Implementing Graph Matching on Multithreaded Architectures SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article ID RELABEL BASED ALGORITHMS; MAXIMUM AB Executing irregular, data-intensive workloads on multithreaded architectures can result in performance losses and scalability problems. Codesigning algorithms and architectures can realize high performance on irregular applications. A codesign study reveals four key lessons learned from implementing matching algorithms on various platforms. C1 [Halappanavar, Mahantesh] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pothen, Alex] Purdue Univ, Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Azad, Ariful] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Manne, Fredrik] Univ Bergen, Comp Sci, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Langguth, Johannes] Simula Res Lab, Oslo, Norway. [Khan, Arif] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Halappanavar, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hala@pnnl.gov; apothen@purdue.edu; azad@lbl.gov; manne@ii.uib.no; langguth@simula.no; khan58@purdue.edu FU US Department of Energy (the CSCAPES Institute) [DE-FC02-08ER25864, DE-FG02-13ER26135, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US National Science Foundation [CCF-1218916]; IBM Fellowship; Center for Adaptive Supercomputing Software (CASS) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy (the CSCAPES Institute DE-FC02-08ER25864, DE-FG02-13ER26135, and DE-AC02-05CH11231), the US National Science Foundation (CCF-1218916), an IBM Fellowship, and the Center for Adaptive Supercomputing Software (CASS) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 IS 8 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA CP0PR UT WOS:000359577900007 ER PT J AU Chen, CT Emmer, HS Aloni, S Turner-Evans, DB Atwater, HA AF Chen, Christopher T. Emmer, Hal S. Aloni, Shaul Turner-Evans, Daniel B. Atwater, Harry A. TI Cu-Catalyzed Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth of SiGe Microwire Arrays with Chlorosilane and Chlorogermane Precursors SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID SILICON-GERMANIUM NANOWIRES; SI1-XGEX NANOWIRES; ENERGY AB Selected area Cu-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth of SiGe microwires is achieved using chlorosilane and chlorogermane precursors. The, composition can be tuned up to 12% Ge with a simultaneous detreaSe, in the growth rate from 7 to 1 mu m min(-1). Significant changes to the morphology Were observed, including tapering and faceting on the sidewalls and along the lengths of the, wires. Characterization Of axial and radial cross sections with transmission electron microscopy revealed no evidence of defects at facet corners and edges, and the tapering is shown to be due to in situ removal of catalyst material during growth. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal a Ge-rich crystal at the tip of the wires, strongly suggesting that the Ge incorporation is limited by the crystallization rate. C1 [Chen, Christopher T.; Emmer, Hal S.; Turner-Evans, Daniel B.; Atwater, Harry A.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aloni, Shaul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Atwater, HA (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM haa@caltech.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Turner-Evans, Daniel/J-4488-2016 OI Turner-Evans, Daniel/0000-0002-8020-0170 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA [EEC-1041895]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Special thanks goes to Dr. Virginia Altoe and Carol Garland for their assistance with TEM characterization. Critical support and equipment were provided by the Kavli Nanoscience Institute. This work benefited from use of the Applied Physics and Materials Science Department's Transmission Electron Microscopy Facility. This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Department of Energy (DOE) under NSF CA No. EEC-1041895. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NSF or DOE. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3684 EP 3689 DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00097 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CO6PO UT WOS:000359278800019 ER PT J AU Wu, YT Boatner, LA Lindsey, AC Zhuravleva, M Jones, S Auxier, JD Hall, HL Melcher, CL AF Wu, Yuntao Boatner, Lynn A. Lindsey, Adam C. Zhuravleva, Mariya Jones, Steven Auxier, John D., II Hall, Howard L. Melcher, Charles L. TI Defect Engineering in SrI2:Eu2+ Single Crystal Scintillators SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; SENSITIZATION; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORIDE; BROMIDE; HEATER AB Eu2+-activated strontium iodide is an excellent single crystal scintillator used for gamma-ray detection, and significant effort is currently focused on the development of large-scale crystal growth techniques. A new approach of molten-salt pumping or so-called Melt aging was recently applied to optimize the crystal quality and scintillation performance. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of the Muffle Furnace underlying mechanism of this technique is still lacking. The main purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth study of the interplay between microstructure, trap centers, and scintillation efficiency after melt aging treatment. Three SrI2:2 mol % Eu2+ single crystals with 16 mm diameter were grown using the Bridgman method under identical growth conditions with the exception of the melt aging time (e.g., 0, 24, and 72 h). Using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it is found that the matrix composition of the finished crystal after melt aging treatment approaches the stoichiometric composition. The mechanism responsible for the formation of secondary phase inclusions in melt-aged SrI2:Eu2+ is discussed. Simultaneous improvement in light yield, energy resolution, scintillation decay-time and afterglow is achieved in melt-aged SrI2:Eu2+. The correlation between performance improvement and defect structure is addressed. The results of this paper lead to a better understanding of the effects of defect engineering in control and optimization of metal halide scintillators using the melt aging technique. C1 [Wu, Yuntao; Lindsey, Adam C.; Zhuravleva, Mariya; Melcher, Charles L.] Univ Tennessee, Scintillat Mat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wu, Yuntao; Lindsey, Adam C.; Zhuravleva, Mariya; Melcher, Charles L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jones, Steven; Auxier, John D., II; Hall, Howard L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Boatner, Lynn A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, YT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Scintillat Mat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ywu52@utk.edu RI Melcher, Charles/E-9818-2012; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Melcher, Charles/0000-0002-4586-4764; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Zhuravleva, Mariya/0000-0002-7809-5404 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office [2012-DN-077-ARI067-04]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, under competitively awarded Grant #2012-DN-077-ARI067-04. Research at ORNL for one author (LAB.) was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy and in part by the Nuclear Nonproliferation Program (NA-22) of the National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. This support does not constitute an express or implied endorsement on the part of the Government. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 EI 1528-7505 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 8 BP 3929 EP 3938 DI 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00552 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA CO6PO UT WOS:000359278800048 ER PT J AU Sarrao, JL Crabtree, GW AF Sarrao, J. L. Crabtree, G. W. TI Opportunities and advances in mesoscale science SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB The mesoscale, where the granularity of atoms and the quantization of energy give way to apparently continuous and infinitely divisible matter and energy, opens up a new frontier of scientific opportunity. This opportunity has been embraced by the scientific community and the fruits of the exploration of mesoscale science are beginning to emerge. In this brief introduction, we highlight the themes and directions described in greater detail in the articles that follow. In particular, the implications of mesoscale science for energy storage, high-strength structural composites, magnetic interactions, materials aging, and degradation science, as well as the characterization capabilities necessary to explore these phenomena, are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sarrao, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Crabtree, G. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Crabtree, G. W.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Sarrao, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2015.05.001 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CO9MJ UT WOS:000359499600001 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Mayeur, JR AF Beyerlein, Irene J. Mayeur, Jason R. TI Mesoscale investigations for the evolution of interfaces in plasticity SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Dislocations; Crystal plasticity; Interfaces; Stability; Severe plastic deformation ID NB NANOLAMELLAR COMPOSITES; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; NANOLAYERED COMPOSITES; MULTILAYER COMPOSITES; BIMETAL INTERFACES; SLIP TRANSFER; DEFORMATION AB The ultra-high density of bimetal interfaces in nanolayered metal composites is responsible for exceptional five- to ten-fold increases in strength over that of the constituent phases. How interfaces cause such outstanding results is not fully understood. On the one hand, interfaces fundamentally alter the physical mechanisms responsible for plastic deformation an important facet of the problem that has been intensely studied. On the other hand, plastic deformation also results in the creation of new interfaces. While this second facet holds equal importance, it has received comparatively less attention. Further, these two facets, coined interface-driven plasticity and plasticity-driven interfaces, are naturally coupled processes during deformation. The time and length scales characteristic of mesoscale characterization and simulation methods make them well suited for understanding their connection. Along these lines, here we focus on the use of mesoscale characterization and modeling to explore the role that bimetal interfaces play in their own self-development during severe plastic deformation. We demonstrate how mesoscale modeling can provide valuable insight into the design of materials processing techniques with stable interfaces in mind. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beyerlein, Irene J.; Mayeur, Jason R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM Irene@lanl.gov FU Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [2008LANL1026]; DOE [DE AC52 06NA25396] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support by the Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number 2008LANL1026. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE AC52 06NA25396. NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2014.12.003 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CO9MJ UT WOS:000359499600002 ER PT J AU Schuren, JC Shade, PA Bernier, JV Li, SF Blank, B Lind, J Kenesei, P Lienert, U Suter, RM Turner, TJ Dimiduk, DM Almer, J AF Schuren, Jay C. Shade, Paul A. Bernier, Joel V. Li, Shiu Fai Blank, Basil Lind, Jonathan Kenesei, Peter Lienert, Ulrich Suter, Robert M. Turner, Todd J. Dimiduk, Dennis M. Almer, Jonathan TI New opportunities for quantitative tracking of polycrystal responses in three dimensions SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE HEDM; Synchrotron radiation; X-ray diffraction; Polycrystalline materials; Microstructure; Plastic deformation; 3D characterization ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LATTICE STRAIN-MEASUREMENTS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ORIENTATION; MICROSCOPY; FRACTURE; FATIGUE; UNCERTAINTY; TOMOGRAPHY AB An important advance in understanding the mechanics of solids over the last 50 years has been development of a suite of models that describe the performance of engineering materials while accounting for internal fluctuations and anisotropies (ex., anisotropic response of grains) over a hierarchy of length scales. Only limited engineering adoption of these tools has occurred, however, because of the lack of measured material responses at the length scales where the models are cast. Here, we demonstrate an integrated experimental capability utilizing high energy X-rays that provides an in situ, micrometer-scale probe for tracking evolving microstructure and intergranular stresses during quasi-static mechanical testing. We present first-of-a-kind results that show an unexpected evolution of the intergranular stresses in a titanium alloy undergoing creep deformation. We also discuss the expectation of new discoveries regarding the underlying mechanisms of strength and damage resistance afforded by this rapidly developing X-ray microscopy technique. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schuren, Jay C.; Shade, Paul A.; Turner, Todd J.; Dimiduk, Dennis M.] Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Bernier, Joel V.; Li, Shiu Fai; Lind, Jonathan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Blank, Basil] PulseRay, Beaver Dams, NY 14812 USA. [Kenesei, Peter; Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lienert, Ulrich] DESY Petra III, Hamburg, Germany. [Lind, Jonathan; Suter, Robert M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Shade, PA (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM paul.shade.1@us.af.mil RI Shade, Paul/H-6459-2011; Suter, Robert/P-2541-2014 OI Suter, Robert/0000-0002-0651-0437 FU Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory; U.S. DOE [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Adam Pilchak (Air Force Research Laboratory) for providing the Ti-7Al material examined in this study, Dr. Chris Woodward (Air Force Research Laboratory) for help securing the computational resources required for the data reduction, Dr. Andrew Rosenberger (Air Force Research Laboratory) for providing reference mechanical test data, Professor Armand Beaudoin (University of Illinois) and Professor Matt Miller (Cornell University) for useful discussions, and Ali Mashayekhi (Advanced Photon Source), Erika Benda (Advanced Photon Source), and Kurt Goetze (Advanced Photon Source) for help with the experimental setup. The authors acknowledge support from the Materials & Manufacturing Directorate of the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 8 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2014.11.003 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CO9MJ UT WOS:000359499600005 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, A Schultheiss, H AF Hoffmann, Axel Schultheiss, Helmut TI Mesoscale magnetism SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Permanent magnet; Magnetic soliton; Spin texture; Magnonics; Optical magnetization switching; Spin transfer torque; Spin Hall effect; Spin caloritronics; Magnetomechanical coupling ID EXCHANGE-SPRING MAGNET; SPIN-WAVES; CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; POWER-GENERATION; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; DOMAIN-WALLS; VORTEX CORES; DRIVEN; DYNAMICS; MAGNETIZATION AB Magnetic interactions give rise to a surprising amount of complexity due to the fact that both static and dynamic magnetic properties are governed by competing short-range exchange interactions and long-range dipolar coupling. Even though the underlying dynamical equations are well established, the connection of magnetization dynamics to other degrees of freedom, such as optical excitations, charge and heat flow, or mechanical motion, make magnetism a mesoscale research problem that is still wide open for exploration. Synthesizing magnetic materials and heterostructutes with tailored properties will allow to take advantage of magnetic interactions spanning many length-scales, which can be probed with advanced spectroscopy and microscopy and modeled with multi-scale simulations. This review highlights some of the current basic research topics in mesoscale magnetism, which beyond their fundamental science impact are also expected to influence applications ranging from information technologies to magnetism based energy conversion. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoffmann, Axel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schultheiss, Helmut] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Ionenstrahlphys & Mat Forsch, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. RP Hoffmann, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hoffmann@anl.gov; h.schultheiss@hzdr.de RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009; Schultheiss, Helmut/I-2221-2013 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767; Schultheiss, Helmut/0000-0002-6727-5098 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division FX Work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division. NR 117 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 14 U2 62 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 EI 1879-0348 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2014.11.004 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA CO9MJ UT WOS:000359499600007 ER PT J AU Allen, CD Breshears, DD McDowell, NG AF Allen, Craig D. Breshears, David D. McDowell, Nate G. TI On underestimation of global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter drought in the Anthropocene SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE carbon starvation; climate change; CO2 fertilization; drought; ESA Centennial Paper; extreme events; forest die-off; forests; hydraulic failure; insect pests; pathogens; tree mortality; woodlands ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WOODY PLANT MORTALITY; CANADA BOREAL FORESTS; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT AB Patterns, mechanisms, projections, and consequences of tree mortality and associated broadscale forest die-off due to drought accompanied by warmer temperatures-"hotter drought'', an emerging characteristic of the Anthropocene-are the focus of rapidly expanding literature. Despite recent observational, experimental, and modeling studies suggesting increased vulnerability of trees to hotter drought and associated pests and pathogens, substantial debate remains among research, management and policy-making communities regarding future tree mortality risks. We summarize key mortality-relevant findings, differentiating between those implying lesser versus greater levels of vulnerability. Evidence suggesting lesser vulnerability includes forest benefits of elevated [CO2] and increased water-use efficiency; observed and modeled increases in forest growth and canopy greening; widespread increases in woody-plant biomass, density, and extent; compensatory physiological, morphological, and genetic mechanisms; dampening ecological feedbacks; and potential mitigation by forest management. In contrast, recent studies document more rapid mortality under hotter drought due to negative tree physiological responses and accelerated biotic attacks. Additional evidence suggesting greater vulnerability includes rising background mortality rates; projected increases in drought frequency, intensity, and duration; limitations of vegetation models such as inadequately represented mortality processes; warming feedbacks from die-off; and wildfire synergies. Grouping these findings we identify ten contrasting perspectives that shape the vulnerability debate but have not been discussed collectively. We also present a set of global vulnerability drivers that are known with high confidence: (1) droughts eventually occur everywhere; (2) warming produces hotter droughts; (3) atmospheric moisture demand increases nonlinearly with temperature during drought; (4) mortality can occur faster in hotter drought, consistent with fundamental physiology; (5) shorter droughts occur more frequently than longer droughts and can become lethal under warming, increasing the frequency of lethal drought nonlinearly; and (6) mortality happens rapidly relative to growth intervals needed for forest recovery. These high-confidence drivers, in concert with research supporting greater vulnerability perspectives, support an overall viewpoint of greater forest vulnerability globally. We surmise that mortality vulnerability is being discounted in part due to difficulties in predicting threshold responses to extreme climate events. Given the profound ecological and societal implications of underestimating global vulnerability to hotter drought, we highlight urgent challenges for research, management, and policy-making communities. C1 [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Allen, CD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM craig_allen@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the USGS Western Mountain Initiative project); International Network Support from The Leverhume Trust; NSF [EF-1340624, EAR-1331408]; Arizona Agriculture Experiment Station; Murdoch University Visiting Distinguished Collaborator award; DOE Department of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and Laboratory Directed Research and Development FX Our perspectives have benefited from countless discussions through the years with many colleagues around the world, including participants in the International Interdisciplinary Workshop on Tree Mortality (Jena, Germany, October 2014), and colleagues in the project "Assessing ecosystem recovery after extreme drought-related dieback events world-wide'' (A. Jump, R. Fensham, S. Greenwood, T. Kitzberger, F. Lloret, J. Martinez-Vilalta, and P. Ruiz-Benito). For this paper we particularly acknowledge discussions with and comments from D. Eamus, C. Haffey, G. Hardy, H. Hartmann, A. Huete, J. Fontain, T. Huxman, A. Macalady, M. Perring, B. Poulter, K. Ruthrof, T. Swetnam, D. Tissue, and two anonymous reviewers. Funding support provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's Ecosystems and Climate & Land Use Change mission areas (through the USGS Western Mountain Initiative project), and International Network Support from The Leverhume Trust (C. D. Allen); NSF EF-1340624 and EAR-1331408, Arizona Agriculture Experiment Station, and a Murdoch University Visiting Distinguished Collaborator award (D. D. Breshears); and DOE Department of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and Laboratory Directed Research and Development (N. G. McDowell). Figure support by Donald Montoya; table and reference support by Collin Haffey and Alanna Jornigan. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 407 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 78 U2 268 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 AR 129 DI 10.1890/ES15-00203.1 PG 55 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP1ON UT WOS:000359645200001 ER PT J AU Classen, AT Sundqvist, MK Henning, JA Newman, GS Moore, JAM Cregger, MA Moorhead, LC Patterson, CM AF Classen, Aimee T. Sundqvist, Maja K. Henning, Jeremiah A. Newman, Gregory S. Moore, Jessica A. M. Cregger, Melissa A. Moorhead, Leigh C. Patterson, Courtney M. TI Direct and indirect effects of climate change on soil microbial and soil microbial-plant interactions: What lies ahead? SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE bacteria; climate change; ecosystem; ESA Centennial Paper; fungi; microbial community; microbiome; plant-microbe interaction; plant-soil feedbacks; rhizosphere; soil; warming ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; BELOW-GROUND PHENOLOGY; SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ARCTIC TUNDRA; GLOBAL CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY AB Global change is altering species distributions and thus interactions among organisms. Organisms live in concert with thousands of other species, some beneficial, some pathogenic, some which have little to no effect in complex communities. Since natural communities are composed of organisms with very different life history traits and dispersal ability it is unlikely they will all respond to climatic change in a similar way. Disjuncts in plant-pollinator and plant-herbivore interactions under global change have been relatively well described, but plant-soil microorganism and soil microbe-microbe relationships have received less attention. Since soil microorganisms regulate nutrient transformations, provide plants with nutrients, allow co-existence among neighbors, and control plant populations, changes in soil microorganism-plant interactions could have significant ramifications for plant community composition and ecosystem function. In this paper we explore how climatic change affects soil microbes and soil microbe-plant interactions directly and indirectly, discuss what we see as emerging and exciting questions and areas for future research, and discuss what ramifications changes in these interactions may have on the composition and function of ecosystems. C1 [Classen, Aimee T.; Sundqvist, Maja K.; Newman, Gregory S.; Moorhead, Leigh C.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Classen, Aimee T.; Henning, Jeremiah A.; Moore, Jessica A. M.; Moorhead, Leigh C.; Patterson, Courtney M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sundqvist, Maja K.; Newman, Gregory S.; Moorhead, Leigh C.] Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Ctr Macroecol Evolut & Climate, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. [Sundqvist, Maja K.] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Cregger, Melissa A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioSci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Classen, AT (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Nat Hist Museum Denmark, Solvgade 83S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark. EM aimee.classen@snm.ku.dk RI publist, CMEC/C-3010-2012; Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008; publicationpage, cmec/B-4405-2017 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DE-SC0010562] FX This work was supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program under Award Number DE-SC0010562. Many thanks to Charlie Kwit for suggesting we take this on. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 193 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 39 U2 234 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 AR 130 DI 10.1890/ES15-00217.1 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP1ON UT WOS:000359645200002 ER PT J AU Zhou, M AF Zhou, Ming TI Recent Progress on the Development of Biofuel Cells for Self-Powered Electrochemical Biosensing and Logic Biosensing: A Review SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE Biofuel cells; Biosensors; Self-powered; Biocomputing logic detection; Drug delivery; Enzymes; Microorganisms; Aptamers; Antibody; Bacterial cells ID FUEL-CELL; DRUG-RELEASE; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; ANTIBIOTICS RESIDUES; DIABETES MANAGEMENT; MODEL SYSTEM; LABEL-FREE; LOW-COST; ENZYME; SENSOR AB Biofuel cells (BFCs) based on enzymes and microorganisms have been recently received considerable attention because they are recognized as an attractive type of energy conversion technology. In addition to the research activities related to the application of BFCs as power source, we have witnessed recently a growing interest in using BFCs for self-powered electrochemical biosensing and electrochemical logic biosensing applications. Compared with traditional biosensors, one of the most significant advantages of the BFCs-based self-powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors is their ability to detect targets integrated with chemical-to-electrochemical energy transformation, thus obviating the requirement of external power sources. Following my previous review (Electroanalysis 2012, 24, 197-209), the present review summarizes, discusses and updates the most recent progress and latest advances on the design and construction of BFCs-based self-powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors. In addition to the traditional approaches based on substrate effect, inhibition effect, blocking effect and gene regulation effect for BFCs-based self-powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors design, some new principles including enzyme effect, co-stabilization effect, competition effect and hybrid effect are summarized and discussed by me in details. The outlook and recommendation of future directions of BFCs-based self-powered electrochemical biosensors and logic biosensors are discussed in the end. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Appl Spect, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhou, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Appl Spect, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mzhou@lanl.gov RI Zhou, Ming/B-7451-2009 OI Zhou, Ming/0000-0003-2239-9342 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship and Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) program from Los Alamos National Laboratory. I am very grateful to my family members Jiao, Elsa and Anna for their deep support and understanding on me all the time. I truly appreciate Prof. Joseph Wang from University of California San Diego for his strong support, guidance and encouragement. I sincerely thank Prof. Bo Zhang from University of Washington, Dr. Hsing-Lin Wang from Los Alamos National Laboratory and Prof. Yuehe Lin from Washington State University/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for their sustained support, trust and help. NR 87 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 16 U2 97 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 EI 1521-4109 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD AUG PY 2015 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1786 EP 1810 DI 10.1002/elan.201500173 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA CP2WE UT WOS:000359737500001 ER PT J AU Poper, K Clark, BR Pantoya, ML Heaps, RJ Daniels, MA AF Poper, Kade Clark, Billy R. Pantoya, Michelle L. Heaps, Ronald J. Daniels, Michael A. TI Desensitizing ignition of energetic materials when exposed to accidental fire SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Thermites; Safety; Aluminum; Ammonium nitrate; Ignition sensitivity; Combustion; Energetic materials ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; SENSITIVITY; COMPOSITES AB Composite energetic materials combine fuel and oxidizers for high energy density exothermic reactions and are used for ordnance, industrial and localized power generation applications. This study focuses on examining an additive to a mixture of aluminum (Al) and copper oxide (CuO) to decrease ignition sensitivity under accidental fire exposure conditions. Ammonium nitrate (AN) was incorporated into Al+CuO, as a 1:1 replacement for CuO, for varied equivalence ratios and examined for ignition and combustion when exposed to slow and fast heating rate ignition conditions. The goal was to develop an Al+CuO+AN formulation that would perform comparable to Al+CuO when intentionally ignited, but would not ignite in an accidental fire. Experimental results show that Al+CuO+AN with an equivalence ratio (ER) ranging from 4.0-5.5 inerts the reactants when exposed to slow heating conditions, yet ignites with comparative combustion performance to the baseline Al+CuO mixture when exposed to fast heating conditions. These results are consistent with thermochemical simulations of the heat of combustion and adiabatic flame temperature for the respective reactions. This study presents a new approach for tailoring composite energetic materials toward accidental fire safety by exploiting the early stage decomposition kinetics of AN, which are activated only by slow heating ignition conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Poper, Kade; Clark, Billy R.; Pantoya, Michelle L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Heaps, Ronald J.; Daniels, Michael A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-11-1-0439]; LDRD program FX The authors M. Pantoya, B. Clark and K. Poper are grateful for support from the Army Research Office Contract number W911NF-11-1-0439 and encouragement from our program manager, Dr. Ralph Anthenien. Idaho National Laboratory is also gratefully acknowledged for supporting this collaborative work with internal funds via the LDRD program. Matt Simmons at Texas Tech University is gratefully acknowledged for the graphical abstract cover art. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 76 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.06.003 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CO7IA UT WOS:000359331600005 ER PT J AU Haase, NJ Beissinger, T Hirsch, CN Vaillancourt, B Deshpande, S Barry, K Buell, CR Kaeppler, SM de Leon, N AF Haase, Nicholas J. Beissinger, Timothy Hirsch, Candice N. Vaillancourt, Brieanne Deshpande, Shweta Barry, Kerrie Buell, C. Robin Kaeppler, Shawn M. de Leon, Natalia TI Shared Genomic Regions Between Derivatives of a Large Segregating Population of Maize Identified Using Bulked Segregant Analysis Sequencing and Traditional Linkage Analysis SO G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait analysis; maize; biomass; whole genome sequencing; genetic mapping ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RECOMBINANT INBRED LINES; LOW-TEMPERATURE GERMINABILITY; TERM ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; PLANT HEIGHT; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; FLOWERING-TIME; EXPERIMENTAL CROSSES; MAPPING POPULATION AB Delayed transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage of development and increased plant height have been shown to increase biomass productivity in grasses. The goal of this project was to detect quantitative trait loci using extremes from a large synthetic population, as well as a related recombinant inbred line mapping population for these two traits. Ten thousand individuals from a B73 x Mo17 noninbred population intermated for 14 generations (IBM Syn14) were grown at a density of approximately 16,500 plants ha(-1). Flowering time and plant height were measured within this population. DNA was pooled from the 46 most extreme individuals from each distributional tail for each of the traits measured and used in bulk segregant analysis (BSA) sequencing. Allelic divergence at each of the similar to 1.1 million SNP loci was estimated as the difference in allele frequencies between the selected extremes. Additionally, 224 intermated B73 x Mo17 recombinant inbred lines were concomitantly grown at a similar density adjacent to the large synthetic population and were assessed for flowering time and plant height. Using the BSA sequencing method, 14 and 13 genomic regions were identified for flowering time and plant height, respectively. Linkage mapping with the RIL population identified eight and three regions for flowering time and plant height, respectively. Of the regions identified, three colocalized between the two populations for flowering time and two colocalized for plant height. This study demonstrates the utility of using BSA sequencing for the dissection of complex quantitative traits important for production of lignocellulosic ethanol. C1 [Haase, Nicholas J.; Kaeppler, Shawn M.; de Leon, Natalia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kaeppler, Shawn M.; de Leon, Natalia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Beissinger, Timothy] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hirsch, Candice N.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vaillancourt, Brieanne; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Vaillancourt, Brieanne; Buell, C. Robin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Deshpande, Shweta; Barry, Kerrie] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP de Leon, N (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr,Moore Hall Room 459, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM ndeleongatti@wisc.edu OI Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 FU USDA Hatch [WIS01639]; DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by the USDA Hatch (WIS01639) and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 18 PU GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2160-1836 J9 G3-GENES GENOM GENET JI G3-Genes Genomes Genet. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1593 EP 1602 DI 10.1534/g3.115.017665 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CO6KO UT WOS:000359265800006 PM 26038364 ER PT J AU Zhao, XY Lang, ZQ Park, G Farrar, CR Todd, MD Mao, Z Worden, K AF Zhao, Xueyan Lang, Zi-Qiang Park, Gyuhae Farrar, Charles R. Todd, Michael D. Mao, Zhu Worden, Keith TI A New Transmissibility Analysis Method for Detection and Location of Damage via Nonlinear Features in MDOF Structural Systems SO IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS LA English DT Article DE Damage detection and location; nonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs); transmissibility analysis ID FREQUENCY-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; ROTOR SYSTEM; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; INDUCTION-MOTORS; CRACK DETECTION; FAULT-DETECTION; HEALTH; EXCITATION; DYNAMICS; BEARING AB In this paper, a new transmissibility analysis method is proposed for the detection and location of damage via nonlinear features in multidegree-of-freedom (MDOF) structural systems. The method is derived based on the transmissibility of nonlinear output frequency response functions (NOFRFs), a concept recently proposed to extend the traditional transmissibility concept to the nonlinear case. The implementation of the method is only based on measured system output responses and by evaluating and analyzing the transmissibility of these system responses at super-harmonics. This overcomes the problems with available techniques, which assume there is one damaged component with nonlinear features in the system and/or require loading on inspected structural systems is measurable. Both numerical simulation studies and experimental data analysis have been conducted to verify the effectiveness and demonstrate the potential practical applications of the new method. C1 [Zhao, Xueyan; Lang, Zi-Qiang] Univ Sheffield, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Park, Gyuhae] Chonnam Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Gwangiu 500757, South Korea. [Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Todd, Michael D.; Mao, Zhu] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Struct Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Worden, Keith] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mech Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. RP Zhao, XY (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM xyzhao360@gmail.com; z.lang@sheffield.ac.uk; gpark@chonnam.ac.kr; cfarrar@ucsd.edu; mdtodd@ucsd.edu; zmao@ucsd.edu; k.worden@sheffield.ac.uk OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 FU Engineering and Physics Science Research Council, U.K. FX This work was supported in part by the Engineering and Physics Science Research Council, U.K. NR 53 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4435 EI 1941-014X J9 IEEE-ASME T MECH JI IEEE-ASME Trans. Mechatron. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 20 IS 4 BP 1933 EP 1947 DI 10.1109/TMECH.2014.2359419 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA CO6FJ UT WOS:000359252300044 ER PT J AU Yushkov, GY Anders, A Frolova, VP Nikolaev, AG Oks, EM Vodopyanov, AV AF Yushkov, Georgy Yu. Anders, Andre Frolova, Valeria P. Nikolaev, Alexey G. Oks, Efim M. Vodopyanov, Alexander V. TI Plasma of Vacuum Discharges: The Pursuit of Elevating Metal Ion Charge States, Including a Recent Record of Producing Bi13+ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Ion beams; ion sources; ionization; plasma arc devices; plasma heating; sparks; vacuum arcs ID ELECTRON-BEAM ENHANCEMENT; ARC PLASMAS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CIRCUIT-BREAKER; CATHODE SPOTS; LARGE-AREA; DISTRIBUTIONS; GENERATION; IMPLANTATION; DEPOSITION AB Metal ions in the plasma of vacuum discharges are commonly multiply charged with ion charge states from 1+ to 3+, reaching 4+ and 5+ for some metals. The elevation of metal ion charge states in vacuum discharge plasma is an interesting challenge for plasma physics because it requires a deeper understanding of the processes leading to a more intense ionization of the electrode material. It also has practical implications, for example, for metal ion sources: elevation of ion charge state leads to a proportional increase in ion beam energy for a given accelerating voltage. During the last two decades, various techniques have been used to increase the ion charge states, including: 1) application of a strong magnetic field to the cathode region of the vacuum arc; 2) application of supplemental microwave power to the discharge plasma; 3) injection of an electron beam into the discharge area; and 4) application of a short current pulse to the discharge as to transiently increase the discharge voltage and power, emulating the conditions of a high-current vacuum spark. In this paper, we briefly survey the different techniques of metal ion charge state elevation and then present new experimental results by utilizing the spark regime and combining it with a strong pulsed magnetic field applied to the cathode region. Beams of ions with high charge state, up to a record Bi13+, were extracted from vacuum spark plasma. It is argued that the addition of a magnetic field to the spark plasma magnetizes the electrons and limits plasma expansion, which leads to an increase in the electron temperature relative to the free expansion case and to an increase in the likelihood of electrons to cause ionizing collisions. C1 [Yushkov, Georgy Yu.; Frolova, Valeria P.; Nikolaev, Alexey G.; Oks, Efim M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Anders, Andre] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oks, Efim M.] Tomsk State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk 634050, Russia. [Vodopyanov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Vodopyanov, Alexander V.] Lobachevsky State Univ, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. RP Yushkov, GY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. EM gyushkov@opee.hcei.tsc.ru; aanders@lbl.gov; frolova_valeria_90@mail.ru; nik@opee.hcei.tsc.ru; oks@opee.hcei.tsc.ru; avod@appl.sci-nnov.ru RI Nikolaev, Alexey/R-2154-2016; Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009; Frolova, Valeria/O-7964-2015; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Nikolaev, Alexey/0000-0003-2724-3697; Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [RFBR-14-08-00031]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant RFBR-14-08-00031, and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2310 EP 2317 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2415041 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500013 ER PT J AU Beg, F Giuliani, J Lebedev, S Jones, B AF Beg, Farhat Giuliani, John Lebedev, Sergey Jones, Brent TI SPECIAL ISSUE ON Z-PINCH PLASMAS 2015 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Beg, Farhat] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Giuliani, John] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lebedev, Sergey] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Jones, Brent] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beg, F (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fbeg@ucsd.edu; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mi; s.lebedev@imperial.ac.uk; bmjones@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2362 EP 2362 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2457311 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500021 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD AF Ryutov, Dmitri D. TI Characterizing the Plasmas of Dense Z-Pinches SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dense plasmas; fusion research; laboratory astrophysics; Z-pinches ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; FULLY IONIZED GAS; X-PINCHES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; ION RUNAWAY; ELECTRON; FUSION; SIMULATIONS; PHYSICS AB This mini-tutorial summarizes the plasma characteristics important for the Z-pinch research, with an emphasis on high-density collisional plasmas. It begins with the discussion of the most basic plasma properties related to collisionality and magnetization and then proceeds to more complex phenomena associated with magnetic field evolution in a highly dynamical plasma. Plasma transport properties are discussed mostly in conjunction with the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion concept. Issues of interplay of the classical and anomalous transport in a plasma whose pressure is higher than the magnetic pressure are elucidated. Differences in magnetic reconnection in weakly versus highly collisional plasmas are discussed. Kinetic effects and the role of microturbulence are mentioned in conjunction with the formation of high-energy tails in the particle distribution functions and the generation of particle beams. The discussion is based on the order-of-magnitude estimates suitable for initial orientation in the problem. The two appendixes contain some auxiliary material. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 99 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2363 EP 2384 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2453265 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500022 ER PT J AU Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Jones, B Apruzese, JP Dasgupta, A Chong, YK Harvey-Thompson, AJ Ampleford, DJ Hansen, SB Coverdale, CA Jennings, CA Rochau, GA Cuneo, ME Lamppa, DC Johnson, D Jones, MC Moore, NW Waisman, EM Krishnan, M Coleman, PL AF Thornhill, J. Ward Giuliani, John L. Jones, Brent Apruzese, John P. Dasgupta, Arati Chong, Young K. Harvey-Thompson, Adam J. Ampleford, David J. Hansen, Stephanie B. Coverdale, Christine A. Jennings, Christopher A. Rochau, Gregory A. Cuneo, Michael E. Lamppa, Derek C. Johnson, Drew Jones, Michael C. Moore, Nathan W. Waisman, Eduardo M. Krishnan, Mahadevan Coleman, Philip L. TI 2-D RMHD Modeling Assessment of Current Flow, Plasma Conditions, and Doppler Effects in Recent Z Argon Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Collisional radiative equilibrium; Doppler effects; K-shell radiation ID PHOTON-ESCAPE PROBABILITIES; RADIATION TRANSPORT; Z MACHINE; EQUATION; CODE AB By varying current-loss circuit parameters, the Mach2-tabular collisional radiative equilibrium 2-D radiation magnetohydrodynamic model was tuned to reproduce the radiative and electrical properties of three recent argon gas-puff experiments (same initial conditions) performed on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories. The model indicates that there were current losses occurring near or within the diode region of the Z machine during the stagnation phase of the implosion. The "good" simulation reproduces the experimental K-shell powers, K-shell yields, total powers, percentage of emission radiated in a lines, size of the K-shell emission region, and the average electron temperature near the time-of-peak K-shell power. The calculated atomic populations, ion temperatures, and radial velocities are used as input to a detailed multifrequency ray-trace radiation transport model that includes the Doppler effect. This model is employed to construct time-, space-, and energy-resolved synthetic spectra. The role the Doppler effect likely plays in the experiments is demonstrated by comparing synthetic spectra generated with and without this effect. C1 [Thornhill, J. Ward; Giuliani, John L.; Dasgupta, Arati; Chong, Young K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jones, Brent; Harvey-Thompson, Adam J.; Ampleford, David J.; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Coverdale, Christine A.; Jennings, Christopher A.; Rochau, Gregory A.; Cuneo, Michael E.; Lamppa, Derek C.; Johnson, Drew; Jones, Michael C.; Moore, Nathan W.; Waisman, Eduardo M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Apruzese, John P.] Engility Corp, Naval Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Krishnan, Mahadevan] Alameda Appl Sci Corp, San Leandro, CA 94577 USA. [Coleman, Philip L.] Evergreen Hill Sci, Philomath, OR 97370 USA. RP Thornhill, JW (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM ward.thornhill@nrl.navy.mil; john.giuliani@nrl.navy.mil; bmjones@sandia.gov; john.apruzese@nrl.navy.mil; arati.dasgupta@nrl.navy.mil; young.chong@nrl.navy.mil; ajharve@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov; sbhanse@sandia.gov; cacover@sandia.gov; cjennin@sandia.gov; garocha@sandia.gov; mecuneo@sandia.gov; dclampp@sandia.gov; dwjohns@sandia.gov; micjone@sandia.gov; nwmoore@sandia.gov; emwaism@sandia.gov; krishnan@aasc.net; plcoleman@casco.net FU U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration; Sandia Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration and Sandia Laboratories, which is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2480 EP 2491 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2422373 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500027 ER PT J AU Stafford, A Safronova, AS Kantsyrev, VL Weller, ME Shrestha, I Shlyaptseva, VV Coverdale, CA Chuvatin, AS AF Stafford, Austin Safronova, Alla S. Kantsyrev, Victor L. Weller, Michael E. Shrestha, Ishor Shlyaptseva, Veronica V. Coverdale, Christine A. Chuvatin, Alexander S. TI Mid-Atomic-Number Cylindrical Wire Array Precursor Plasma Studies on Zebra SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Kinetic modeling; wire array; X-ray spectra; Z-pinch ID DYNAMICS; SINGLE AB Precursor plasmas from low wire number cylindrical wire arrays (CWAs) were previously shown to radiate at temperatures >300 eV for Ni-60 (94% Cu and 6% Ni) wires in experiments on the 1-MA Zebra generator. Continued research into precursor plasmas has studied additional midatomic-number materials including Cu and Alumel (95% Ni, 2% Al, 2% Mn, and 1% Si) to determine if the >300 eV temperatures are common for midatomic-number materials. In addition, current scaling effects were observed by performing CWA precursor experiments at an increased current of 1.5 MA using a load current multiplier. The results show an increase in a linear radiation yield of similar to 50% (16 versus 10 kJ/cm) for the experiments at increased current. However, plasma conditions inferred through the modeling of X-ray time-gated spectra are very similar for the precursor plasma in both current conditions. C1 [Stafford, Austin; Safronova, Alla S.; Kantsyrev, Victor L.; Weller, Michael E.; Shrestha, Ishor; Shlyaptseva, Veronica V.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89503 USA. [Coverdale, Christine A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Chuvatin, Alexander S.] Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Stafford, A (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM austins@unr.edu; alla@unr.edu; victor@physics.unr.edu; mweller@unr.edu; shresthaishor@yahoo.com; silenceofthellamas@gmail.com; cacover@sandia.gov; chuvatin@yahoo.com FU NNSA under DOE [DE-NA0001984]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; [DE-FC52-06NA27616] FX This work was supported by NNSA under DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-NA0001984 and in part by DE-FC52-06NA27616. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2497 EP 2502 DI 10.1109/TPS.2014.2382072 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500029 ER PT J AU Jones, B Ampleford, DJ Jennings, CA Waisman, EM Hansen, SB Coverdale, CA Cuneo, ME Apruzese, JP Thornhill, JW Giuliani, JL Dasgupta, A Clark, RW Davis, J AF Jones, Brent Ampleford, David J. Jennings, Christopher A. Waisman, Eduardo M. Hansen, Stephanie B. Coverdale, Christine A. Cuneo, Michael E. Apruzese, John P. Thornhill, J. Ward Giuliani, John L. Dasgupta, Arati Clark, Robert W. Davis, Jack TI Wire-Array Z-Pinch Length Variations for K-Shell X-Ray Generation on Z SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE K-shell radiation; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); plasma pinch; wire array; X-ray production ID RADIATION; DIAGNOSTICS; EMISSION; DENSITY AB In developing stainless-steel (SS) and copper wire-array X-ray sources on the Z machine, we consider the optimization of K-shell yield as a function of load height. Theory, numerical modeling, and experimental data suggest that an optimum exists corresponding to a tradeoff between the increase in radiating mass and the decrease in coupled current with increasing pinch height. A typical load height of 20 mm used on many previous Z wire-array X-ray sources is found to be near optimal for K-shell yield production in SS and copper implosions. Electrical data, pinhole imaging, and spectroscopy are used to study plasma conditions in wire-array z pinches corresponding to the variation in K-shell power and yield per unit length as the pinch height is changed from 12 to 24 mm. C1 [Jones, Brent; Ampleford, David J.; Jennings, Christopher A.; Waisman, Eduardo M.; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Coverdale, Christine A.; Cuneo, Michael E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Apruzese, John P.; Clark, Robert W.] Engility Corp, Naval Res Lab, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Thornhill, J. Ward; Giuliani, John L.; Dasgupta, Arati; Davis, Jack] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Jones, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM bmjones@sandia.gov; damplef@sandia.gov; cajennin@sandia.gov; emwaism@sandia.gov; sbhanse@sandia.gov; cacover@sandia.gov; mecuneo@sandia.gov; john.apruzese.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; thornhil@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; giul@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil; dasgupta@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; clark@ppdmail.nrl.navy.mil; davisj@ppdu.nrl.navy.mil FU Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 SI SI BP 2509 EP 2514 DI 10.1109/TPS.2015.2417052 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CP0DR UT WOS:000359546500031 ER PT J AU Townsend, P Zhang, QB Shapiro, J Webb-Robertson, BJ Bramer, L Schepmoes, AA Weitz, KK Mallette, M Moniz, H Bright, R Merrick, M Shah, SA Sands, BE Leleiko, N AF Townsend, Peter Zhang, Qibin Shapiro, Jason Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo Bramer, Lisa Schepmoes, Athena A. Weitz, Karl K. Mallette, Meaghan Moniz, Heather Bright, Renee Merrick, Marjorie Shah, Samir A. Sands, Bruce E. Leleiko, Neal TI Serum Proteome Profiles in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study SO INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; complication; scarring; fibrosis; intestinal obstruction; clinical proteomics ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIAGNOSIS; PROTEINS; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; METABOLISM; SUBSTRATE AB Background:Crohn's disease (CD) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease with different described behaviors, including stricture. At present, there are no laboratory studies that can differentiate stricturing CD from other phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease. We performed a pilot study to examine differences in the proteome among patients with stricturing CD, nonstricturing CD, and ulcerative colitis.Methods:Serum samples were selected from the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry, an established cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with CD with surgically resected stricture were matched with similar patients with CD without known stricture and with ulcerative colitis. Serum samples from each patient were digested and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize the proteome. Statistical analyses were performed to identify peptides and proteins that can differentiate CD with stricture.Results:Samples from 9 patients in each group (27 total patients) were analyzed. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar among the 3 groups. We quantified 7668 peptides and 897 proteins for analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a subset of peptides with an area under the curve greater than 0.9, indicating greater separation potential. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was able to distinguish among the three groups with up to 70% accuracy by peptides and up to 80% accuracy by proteins. We identified the significantly different proteins and peptides and determined their function based on previously published literature.Conclusions:The serum of patients with stricturing CD, nonstricturing CD, and ulcerative colitis is distinguishable through proteomic analysis. Some of the proteins that differentiate the stricturing phenotype have been implicated in complement activation, fibrinolytic pathways, and lymphocyte adhesion. C1 [Townsend, Peter; Shapiro, Jason; Shah, Samir A.; Leleiko, Neal] Brown Univ, Warren Alpert Med Sch, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Townsend, Peter; Shapiro, Jason; Mallette, Meaghan; Moniz, Heather; Bright, Renee; Leleiko, Neal] Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Div Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Providence, RI USA. [Zhang, Qibin; Schepmoes, Athena A.; Weitz, Karl K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhang, Qibin] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. [Zhang, Qibin] Univ North Carolina Greensboro, Ctr Translat Biomed Res, Kannapolis, NC USA. [Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat & Stat Analyt Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Merrick, Marjorie] Crohns & Colitis Fdn Amer, New York, NY USA. [Sands, Bruce E.] Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai, Dr Henry D Janowitz Div Gastroenterol, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Zhang, QB (reprint author), UNCG, Ctr Translat Biomed Res, 500 Laureate Way Suite 4226, Kannapolis, NC 28081 USA. EM q_zhang2@uncg.edu RI Bramer, Lisa/L-9184-2016; OI Bramer, Lisa/0000-0002-8384-1926; leleiko, neal/0000-0001-7699-1400 FU National Institutes of Health [DK095818]; Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [1 UO1 DP000340-03]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX Supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (DK095818); the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America through a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1 UO1 DP000340-03). Portions of this work were performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 1078-0998 EI 1536-4844 J9 INFLAMM BOWEL DIS JI Inflamm. Bowel Dis. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1935 EP 1941 DI 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000445 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA CO5HR UT WOS:000359190700025 PM 26199992 ER PT J AU Tian, L Heymsfield, GM Didlake, AC Guimond, S Li, LH AF Tian, Lin Heymsfield, Gerald M. Didlake, Anthony C. Guimond, Stephen Li, Lihua TI Velocity-Azimuth Display Analysis of Doppler Velocity for HIWRAP SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR DATA; SQUALL LINE; WIND; ASSIMILATION; AIRCRAFT AB The velocity-azimuth display (VAD) analysis technique established for ground-based scanning radar is applied to the NASA High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP). The VAD technique provides a mean vertical profile of the horizontal winds for each complete conical scan of the HIWRAP radar. One advantage of this technique is that it has shown great value for data assimilation and for operational forecasts. Another advantage is that it is computationally inexpensive, which makes it suitable for real-time retrievals. The VAD analysis has been applied to the HIWRAP data collected during NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) mission. The traditional dual-Doppler analysis for deriving wind fields in the nadir plane is also presented and is compared with the VAD analysis. The results show that the along-track winds from the VAD technique and dual-Doppler analysis agree in general. The VAD horizontal winds capture the mean vortex structure of two tropical cyclones, and they are in general agreement with winds from nearby dropsondes. Several assumptions are made for the VAD technique. These assumptions include a stationary platform for each HIWRAP scan and constant vertical velocity of the hydrometeors along each complete scan. As a result, the VAD technique can produce appreciable errors in regions of deep convection such as the eyewall, whereas in stratiform regions the retrieval errors are minimal. Despite these errors, the VAD technique can still adequately capture the larger-scale structure of the hurricane vortex given a sufficient number of flight passes over the storm. C1 [Tian, Lin; Heymsfield, Gerald M.; Didlake, Anthony C.; Guimond, Stephen; Li, Lihua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tian, Lin] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Didlake, Anthony C.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Guimond, Stephen] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Didlake, AC (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM anthony.didlake@nasa.gov FU NASA Hurricane Science Research Program; NASA's Earth Venture Program FX We thank Professor Ramesh Srivastava for insightful discussions and for suggesting some of the analysis method. We also thank Dr. Jason Sippel for stimulating discussions on using Doppler radar data for data assimilation and Matthew McLinden, Jaime Cervantes, Martin Perrine, and Ed Zenker for engineering support and HIWRAP data processing. Funding for this work came from the NASA Hurricane Science Research Program under Dr. Ramesh Kakar and the Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel investigation under NASA's Earth Venture Program. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1792 EP 1808 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0054.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP0TU UT WOS:000359589500006 ER PT J AU Elgass, KD Smith, EA LeGros, MA Larabell, CA Ryan, MT AF Elgass, Kirstin D. Smith, Elizabeth A. LeGros, Mark A. Larabell, Carolyn A. Ryan, Michael T. TI Analysis of ER-mitochondria contacts using correlative fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray tomography of mammalian cells SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Confocal microscopy; Endoplasmic reticulum; Microscopy imaging; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial fission; Soft X-ray tomography; Correlative imaging ID PENALIZED-LIKELIHOOD RECONSTRUCTION; DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN-1; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DRP1 RECRUITMENT; FISSION; DIVISION; MID51; FIS1; MFF; MID49 AB Mitochondrial fission is important for organelle transport, quality control and apoptosis. Changes to the fission process can result in a wide variety of neurological diseases. In mammals, mitochondrial fission is executed by the GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1; encoded by DNM1L), which oligomerizes around mitochondria and constricts the organelle. The mitochondrial outer membrane proteins Mff, MiD49 (encoded by MIEF2) and MiD51 (encoded by MIEF1) are involved in mitochondrial fission by recruiting Drp1 from the cytosol to the organelle surface. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules have been shown to wrap around and constrict mitochondria before a fission event. Up to now, the presence of MiD49 and MiD51 at ER-mitochondrial division foci has not been established. Here, we combine confocal live-cell imaging with correlative cryogenic fluorescence microscopy and soft x-ray tomography to link MiD49 and MiD51 to the involvement of the ER in mitochondrial fission. We gain further insight into this complex process and characterize the 3D structure of ER-mitochondria contact sites. C1 [Elgass, Kirstin D.] Monash Univ, Hudson Inst Med Res, Monash Micro Imaging, Melbourne, Vic 3168, Australia. [Smith, Elizabeth A.; LeGros, Mark A.; Larabell, Carolyn A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Smith, Elizabeth A.; LeGros, Mark A.; Larabell, Carolyn A.] Natl Ctr Xray Tomog, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ryan, Michael T.] Monash Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Larabell, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM Carolyn.Larabell@ucsf.edu; Michael.Ryan@monash.edu RI Ryan, Michael/C-6673-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0003-2586-8829 FU ARC Centre of Excellence; National Health and Medical Research Council [1049968]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [P41GM103445]; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [3497] FX This work was supported with funds from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science (CXS) and the National Health and Medical Research Council [grant number 1049968 to M.T.R.]. The National Center for X-ray Tomography is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [grant number P41GM103445 to C.A.L.]; and the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [grant number DE-AC02-05CH11231 to C.A.L.]. C.A.L., M.A.L. and E.A.S. are supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [grant number 3497 to C.A.L.]. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 20 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 EI 1477-9137 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 128 IS 15 BP 2795 EP 2804 DI 10.1242/jcs.169136 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CP3MA UT WOS:000359782100007 PM 26101352 ER PT J AU Karami, S Hawkes, ER Talei, M Chen, JH AF Karami, Shahram Hawkes, Evatt R. Talei, Mohsen Chen, Jacqueline H. TI Mechanisms of flame stabilisation at low lifted height in a turbulent lifted slot-jet flame SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE combustion; reacting flows; turbulent reacting flows ID DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; PARTIALLY PREMIXED COMBUSTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; HIGHLY-HEATED COFLOW; DIFFUSION FLAMES; EDGE-FLAMES; HYDROGEN JET; SCALAR DISSIPATION; TRIPLE FLAMES AB A turbulent lifted slot-jet flame is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). A one-step chemistry model is employed with a mixture-fraction-dependent activation energy which can reproduce qualitatively the dependence of the laminar burning rate on the equivalence ratio that is typical of hydrocarbon fuels. The basic structure of the flame base is first examined and discussed in the context of earlier experimental studies of lifted flames. Several features previously observed in experiments are noted and clarified. Some other unobserved features are also noted. Comparison with previous DNS modelling of hydrogen flames reveals significant structural differences. The statistics of flow and relative edge-flame propagation velocity components conditioned on the leading edge locations are then examined. The results show that, on average, the streamwise flame propagation and streamwise flow balance, thus demonstrating that edge-flame propagation is the basic stabilisation mechanism. Fluctuations of the edge locations and net edge velocities are, however, significant. It is demonstrated that the edges tend to move in an essentially two-dimensional (2D) elliptical pattern (laterally outwards towards the oxidiser, then upstream, then inwards towards the fuel, then downstream again). It is proposed that this is due to the passage of large eddies, as outlined in Su et al. (Combust. Flame, vol. 144 (3), 2006, pp. 494-512). However, the mechanism is not entirely 2D, and out-of-plane motion is needed to explain how flames escape the high-velocity inner region of the jet. Finally, the time-averaged structure is examined. A budget of terms in the transport equation for the product mass fraction is used to understand the stabilisation from a time-averaged perspective. The result of this analysis is found to be consistent with the instantaneous perspective. The budget reveals a fundamentally 2D structure, involving transport in both the streamwise and transverse directions, as opposed to possible mechanisms involving a dominance of either one direction of transport. It features upstream transport balanced by entrainment into richer conditions, while on the rich side, upstream turbulent transport and entrainment from leaner conditions balance the streamwise convection. C1 [Karami, Shahram; Hawkes, Evatt R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Hawkes, Evatt R.; Talei, Mohsen] Univ New S Wales, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Chen, Jacqueline H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Karami, S (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Photovolta & Renewable Energy Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM s.karami@unsw.edu.au RI Karami, Shahram/L-5893-2015; Talei, Mohsen/F-8795-2016; Hawkes, Evatt/C-5307-2012 OI Karami, Shahram/0000-0003-0254-4733; Talei, Mohsen/0000-0001-5923-2461; Hawkes, Evatt/0000-0003-0539-7951 FU Australian Research Council; Australian Government; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; Stanford Centre for Turbulence Research FX This work was supported by the Australian Research Council. The research benefited from computational resources provided through the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme, supported by the Australian Government. The computational facilities supporting this project included the Australian NCI National Facility, the partner share of the NCI facility provided by Intersect Australia Pty Ltd, the Peak Computing Facility of the Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative (VLSCI), iVEC (Western Australia) and the UNSW Faculty of Engineering. This research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-programme laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. We acknowledge the support of the Stanford Centre for Turbulence Research during the 2014 CTR Summer Program. We also warmly thank H. Yu of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln for generating the 3D volume rendering in this work. NR 121 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 777 DI 10.1017/jfm.2015.334 PG 57 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA CP1NS UT WOS:000359643100028 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Pan, M Mu, QZ Shi, XY Mao, JF Brummer, C Jassal, RS Krishnan, P Li, JH Black, TA AF Wang, Shusen Pan, Ming Mu, Qiaozhen Shi, Xiaoying Mao, Jiafu Bruemmer, Christian Jassal, Rachhpal S. Krishnan, Praveena Li, Junhua Black, T. Andrew TI Comparing Evapotranspiration from Eddy Covariance Measurements, Water Budgets, Remote Sensing, and Land Surface Models over Canada SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evapotranspiration; Remote sensing; Surface observations; Model comparison; Ecological models ID BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ENERGY-EXCHANGE; CLIMATE MODELS; USE EFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATE; CARBON; MODIS AB This study compares six evapotranspiration ET products for Canada's landmass, namely, eddy covariance EC measurements; surface water budget ET; remote sensing ET from MODIS; and land surface model (LSM) ET from the Community Land Model (CLM), the Ecological Assimilation of Land and Climate Observations (EALCO) model, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC). The ET climatology over the Canadian landmass is characterized and the advantages and limitations of the datasets are discussed. The EC measurements have limited spatial coverage, making it difficult for model validations at the national scale. Water budget ET has the largest uncertainty because of data quality issues with precipitation in mountainous regions and in the north. MODIS ET shows relatively large uncertainty in cold seasons and sparsely vegetated regions. The LSM products cover the entire landmass and exhibit small differences in ET among them. Annual ET from the LSMs ranges from small negative values to over 600 mm across the landmass, with a countrywide average of 256 +/- 15 mm. Seasonally, the countrywide average monthly ET varies from a low of about 3 mm in four winter months (November-February) to 67 +/- 7 mm in July. The ET uncertainty is scale dependent. Larger regions tend to have smaller uncertainties because of the offset of positive and negative biases within the region. More observation networks and better quality controls are critical to improving ET estimates. Future techniques should also consider a hybrid approach that integrates strengths of the various ET products to help reduce uncertainties in ET estimation. C1 [Wang, Shusen; Li, Junhua] Natl Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. [Pan, Ming] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mu, Qiaozhen] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mu, Qiaozhen] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shi, Xiaoying; Mao, Jiafu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shi, Xiaoying; Mao, Jiafu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bruemmer, Christian] Thunen Inst Climate Smart Agr, Braunschweig, Germany. [Jassal, Rachhpal S.; Black, T. Andrew] Univ British Columbia, Biometeorol & Soil Phys Grp, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Krishnan, Praveena] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Krishnan, Praveena] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wang, SS (reprint author), Natl Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Mapping & Earth Observat, 560 Rochester St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4, Canada. EM shusen.wang@nrcan.gc.ca RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Pan, Ming/B-6841-2011; Mu, Qiaozhen/G-5695-2010; Brummer, Christian/J-1183-2016; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012 OI Pan, Ming/0000-0003-3350-8719; Brummer, Christian/0000-0001-6621-5010; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373 FU Groundwater Geoscience Program; Remote Sensing Science Program of Earth Science Sector (ESS); Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); BIOCAP Canada; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; UT-BATTELLE for DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Groundwater Geoscience Program and Remote Sensing Science Program of the Earth Science Sector (ESS), Natural Resources Canada. We thank Dr. D.W. McKenney and Ms. P. Papadopol of Canadian Forest Service for providing the precipitation data. The EC ET measurements were made as a part of the Fluxnet Canada Research Network (FCRN) and Canada Carbon Program (CCP), which were funded by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and BIOCAP Canada. CLM data production is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1540 EP 1560 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0189.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP3FI UT WOS:000359762700007 ER PT J AU Wolfram, PJ Ringler, TD Maltrud, ME Jacobsen, DW Petersen, MR AF Wolfram, Phillip J. Ringler, Todd D. Maltrud, Mathew E. Jacobsen, Douglas W. Petersen, Mark R. TI Diagnosing Isopycnal Diffusivity in an Eddying, Idealized Midlatitude Ocean Basin via Lagrangian, in Situ, Global, High-Performance Particle Tracking (LIGHT) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS; SURFACE CIRCULATION; PASSIVE TRACERS; DRIFTER DATA; MODEL; DISPERSION; RESOLUTION AB Isopycnal diffusivity due to stirring by mesoscale eddies in an idealized, wind-forced, eddying, midlatitude ocean basin is computed using Lagrangian, in Situ, Global, High-Performance Particle Tracking (LIGHT). Simulation is performed via LIGHT within the Model for Prediction across Scales Ocean (MPAS-O). Simulations are performed at 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-km resolution, where the first Rossby radius of deformation (RRD) is approximately 30 km. Scalar and tensor diffusivities are estimated at each resolution based on 30 ensemble members using particle cluster statistics. Each ensemble member is composed of 303 665 particles distributed across five potential density surfaces. Diffusivity dependence upon model resolution, velocity spatial scale, and buoyancy surface is quantified and compared with mixing length theory. The spatial structure of diffusivity ranges over approximately two orders of magnitude with values of O(10(5)) m(2) s(-1) in the region of western boundary current separation to O(10(3)) m(2) s(-1) in the eastern region of the basin. Dominant mixing occurs at scales twice the size of the first RRD. Model resolution at scales finer than the RRD is necessary to obtain sufficient model fidelity at scales between one and four RRD to accurately represent mixing. Mixing length scaling with eddy kinetic energy and the Lagrangian time scale yield mixing efficiencies that typically range between 0.4 and 0.8. A reduced mixing length in the eastern region of the domain relative to the west suggests there are different mixing regimes outside the baroclinic jet region. C1 [Wolfram, Phillip J.; Ringler, Todd D.; Maltrud, Mathew E.; Jacobsen, Douglas W.; Petersen, Mark R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wolfram, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling, POB 1663,T-3,MS-B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pwolfram@lanl.gov OI Petersen, Mark/0000-0001-7170-7511 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Regional, and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) FX This research was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy Regional, and Global Climate Modeling Program (RGCM) and used computational resources provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing facility. We thank Drs. Scott Reckinger and Sergey Danilov for helpful discussions during early preparation of this work and two anonymous reviewers for comments leading to an improved manuscript. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 45 IS 8 BP 2114 EP 2133 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0260.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA CP3AT UT WOS:000359749900008 ER PT J AU Zhu, B Panke-Buisse, K Kao-Kniffin, J AF Zhu, Biao Panke-Buisse, Kevin Kao-Kniffin, Jenny TI Nitrogen fertilization has minimal influence on rhizosphere effects of smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhizosphere effect; N fertilization; belowground carbon allocation; microbial biomass; extracellular enzyme; net N mineralization; microbial community composition ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HARDWOOD FOREST SOILS; ROOT-INDUCED CHANGES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; CARBON; PLANT; DECOMPOSITION; MECHANISMS AB Aims Plants generally respond to nitrogen (N) fertilization with increased growth, but N addition can also suppress rhizosphere effects, which consequently alters soil processes. We quantified the influence of N addition on rhizosphere effects of two C-4 grasses: smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum) and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Methods Plants were grown in nutrient-poor soil for 80 days with either 20 or 120 mu g NH4NO3-N g dry soil(-1). N mineralization rates, microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities and bacterial community structure were measured on both rhizosphere and bulk (unplanted) soils after plant harvest. Important Findings Fertilization showed nominal differences in net N mineralization, extracellular enzyme activity and microbial biomass between the rhizosphere and bulk soils, indicating minimal influence of N on rhizosphere effects. Instead, the presence of plant roots showed the strongest impact (up to 80%) on rates of net N mineralization and activities of three soil enzymes indicative of N release from organic matter. Principal component analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) also reflected these trends by highlighting the importance of plant roots in structuring the soil bacterial community, followed by plant species and N fertilization (to a minor extent). Overall, the results indicate minor contributions of short-term N fertilization to changes in the magnitude of rhizosphere effects for both grass species. C1 [Zhu, Biao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Panke-Buisse, Kevin; Kao-Kniffin, Jenny] Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Kao-Kniffin, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Integrat Plant Sci, 134 Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jtk57@cornell.edu RI Zhu, Biao/F-8712-2010 OI Zhu, Biao/0000-0001-9858-7943 FU United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture [NYC-145403]; New York State Turfgrass Association; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch program (NYC-145403), the New York State Turfgrass Association and the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program (DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1752-9921 EI 1752-993X J9 J PLANT ECOL JI J. Plant Ecol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 390 EP 400 DI 10.1093/jpe/rtu034 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP1US UT WOS:000359662400006 ER PT J AU El Ouaamari, A Zhou, JY Liew, CW Shirakawa, J Dirice, E Gedeon, N Kahrarnan, S De Jesus, DF Bhatt, S Kim, JS Clauss, TRW Camp, DG Smith, RD Qian, WJ Kulkarni, RN AF El Ouaamari, Abdelfattah Zhou, Jian-Ying Liew, Chong Wee Shirakawa, Jun Dirice, Ercument Gedeon, Nicholas Kahrarnan, Sevim De Jesus, Dario F. Bhatt, Shweta Kim, Jong-Seo Clauss, Therese R. W. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. Qian, Wei-Jun Kulkarni, Rohit N. TI Compensatory Islet Response to Insulin Resistance Revealed by Quantitative Proteomics SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Insulin resistance; pancreatic islets; proteome; proliferation; metabolism; function ID BETA-CELL DYSFUNCTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INDUCED OBESITY; ANTIBODY-FREE; MICE; SECRETION; GROWTH; PROTEINS; PROLIFERATION; ADAPTATION AB Compensatory islet response is a distinct feature of the prediabetic insulin-resistant state in humans and rodents. To identify alterations in the islet proteome that characterize the adaptive response, we analyzed islets from 5 month old male control, high-fat diet fed (HFD), or obese ob/ob mice by LC-MS/MS and quantified similar to 1100 islet proteins (at least two peptides) with a false discovery rate < 1%. Significant alterations in abundance were observed for similar to 350 proteins among groups. The majority of alterations were common to both models, and the changes of a subset of similar to 40 proteins and 12 proteins were verified by targeted quantification using selected reaction monitoring and western blots, respectively. The insulin-resistant islets in both groups exhibited reduced expression of proteins controlling energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, hormone processing, and secretory pathways. Conversely, an increased expression of molecules involved in protein synthesis and folding suggested effects in endoplasmic reticulum stress response, cell survival, and proliferation in both insulin-resistant models. In summary, we report a unique comparison of the islet proteome that is focused on the compensatory response in two insulin-resistant rodent models that are not overtly diabetic. These data provide a valuable resource of candidate proteins to the scientific community to undertake further studies aimed at enhancing beta-cell mass in patients with diabetes. The data are available via the MassIVE repository, under accession no. MSV000079093. C1 [El Ouaamari, Abdelfattah; Shirakawa, Jun; Dirice, Ercument; Gedeon, Nicholas; Kahrarnan, Sevim; De Jesus, Dario F.; Bhatt, Shweta; Kulkarni, Rohit N.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Islet Cell & Regenerat Biol,Joslin Diabet Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Zhou, Jian-Ying; Kim, Jong-Seo; Clauss, Therese R. W.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.; Qian, Wei-Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhou, Jian-Ying; Kim, Jong-Seo; Clauss, Therese R. W.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.; Qian, Wei-Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Liew, Chong Wee] Univ Illinois, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Qian, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weijun.qian@pnnl.gov; rohit.kulkarni@joslin.harvard.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Dirice, Ercument/B-2825-2017; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Kahraman, Sevim/0000-0002-2880-6589; Shirakawa, Jun/0000-0002-0822-8750 FU NIH [R01 DK074795, R01 DK067536, R01 DK103215, K99 DK090210]; Societe Francophone du Diabete; Association Francaise des Diabetiques; American Diabetes Association; JDRF advanced postdoctoral fellowship; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO-1830] FX This work was supported by NIH grant nos. R01 DK074795, R01 DK067536, R01 DK103215, and K99 DK090210, Societe Francophone du Diabete (to A.E.), Association Francaise des Diabetiques (to A.E.), American Diabetes Association (to A.E.), and JDRF advanced postdoctoral fellowship (to A.E.). Samples were analyzed using capabilities developed under the support of the NIH Biomedical Technology Research Resource for integrative biology (P41 GM103493). Significant portions of the work were performed in the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a DOE/BER national scientific user facility at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle under contract no. DE-AC05-76RLO-1830. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3111 EP 3122 DI 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00587 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CO8DA UT WOS:000359394000009 PM 26151086 ER PT J AU Suh, MJ Toychigrechko, A Thovarai, V Rolfe, MA Torralba, MG Wang, JM Adkins, JN Webb-Robertson, BJM Osborne, W Cogen, FR Kaplowitz, PB Metz, TO Nelson, KE Madupu, R Pieper, R AF Suh, Moo-Jin Toychigrechko, Andrey Thovarai, Vishal Rolfe, Melanie A. Torralba, Manolito G. Wang, Junmin Adkins, Joshua N. Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. Osborne, Whitney Cogen, Fran R. Kaplowitz, Paul B. Metz, Thomas O. Nelson, Karen E. Madupu, Ramana Pieper, Rembert TI Quantitative Differences in the Urinary Proteome of Siblings Discordant for Type 1 Diabetes Include Lysosomal Enzymes SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Urinary proteome; type 1 diabetes; protein biomarker; shotgun proteomics; diabetic vasculature; endothelial barrier function; lysosomal enzyme; alpha-fucosidase; CD166 ID GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; VE-CADHERIN; STABILITY SELECTION; ADHESION MOLECULE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; APOLIPOPROTEIN M; VASCULAR INJURY; INNATE IMMUNITY; DISEASE AB Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) often have higher than normal blood glucose levels, causing advanced glycation end product formation and inflammation and increasing the risk of vascular complications years or decades later. To examine the urinary proteome in juveniles with T1D for signatures indicative of inflammatory consequences of hyperglycemia, we profiled the proteome of 40 T1D patients with an average of 6.3 years after disease onset and normal or elevated HbA(1C) levels, in comparison with a cohort of 41 healthy siblings. Using shotgun proteomics, 1036 proteins were identified, on average, per experiment, and 50 proteins showed significant abundance differences using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test (FDR q-value <= 0.05). Thirteen lysosomal proteins were increased in abundance in the T1D versus control cohort. Fifteen proteins with functional roles in vascular permeability and adhesion were quantitatively changed, including CD 166 antigen and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. alpha-N-Acetyl-galactosaminidase and alpha-fucosidase 2, two differentially abundant lysosomal enzymes, were detected in western blots with often elevated quantities in the T1D versus control cohort. Increased release of proteins derived from lysosomes and vascular epithelium into urine may result from hyperglycemia-associated inflammation in the kidney vasculature. C1 [Suh, Moo-Jin; Toychigrechko, Andrey; Thovarai, Vishal; Rolfe, Melanie A.; Torralba, Manolito G.; Wang, Junmin; Nelson, Karen E.; Madupu, Ramana; Pieper, Rembert] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Adkins, Joshua N.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Osborne, Whitney; Cogen, Fran R.; Kaplowitz, Paul B.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Pieper, R (reprint author), J Craig Venter Inst, 9704 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM rpieper@jcvi.org RI Suh, Moo-Jin/A-5436-2010 OI Suh, Moo-Jin/0000-0003-0003-393X FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney [1DP3DK094343-01] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney grant 1DP3DK094343-01. We would like to thank Dr. Rajagopala Venkatappa for input in a protein network analysis and Tamara Tsitrin and Darshan Vora (all from JCVI) for their assistance with western blots. We would like to thank Dr. Young-Mo Kim (PNNL) for providing GC MS-based data on sugar quantities. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3123 EP 3135 DI 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00052 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CO8DA UT WOS:000359394000010 PM 26143644 ER PT J AU Romps, DM Charn, AB AF Romps, David M. Charn, Alexander B. TI Sticky Thermals: Evidence for a Dominant Balance between Buoyancy and Drag in Cloud Updrafts SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Convective-scale processes ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CLOUDS; VERTICAL VELOCITY; OCEANIC CONVECTION; DEEP CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; TURBULENCE; BUDGET; MODEL AB The vertical velocities of convective clouds are of great practical interest because of their influence on many phenomena, including severe weather and stratospheric moistening. However, the magnitudes of forces giving rise to these vertical velocities are poorly understood, and the dominant balance is in dispute. Here, an algorithm is used to extract thousands of cloud thermals from a large-eddy simulation of deep and tropical maritime convection. Using a streamfunction to define natural boundaries for these thermals, the dominant balance in the vertical momentum equation is revealed. Cloud thermals rise with a nearly constant speed determined by their buoyancy and the standard drag law with a drag coefficient of 0.6. Contrary to suggestions that cloud thermals might be slippery, with a dominant balance between buoyancy and acceleration, cloud thermals are found here to be sticky, with a dominant balance between buoyancy and drag. C1 [Romps, David M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Earth Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Romps, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 377 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM romps@berkeley.edu RI Romps, David/F-8285-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (URAP) at the University of California, Berkeley FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by a grant from the Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (URAP) at the University of California, Berkeley. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 2890 EP 2901 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-15-0042.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO7OU UT WOS:000359350400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, CZ Harrington, JY AF Zhang, Chengzhu Harrington, Jerry Y. TI The Effects of Surface Kinetics on Crystal Growth and Homogeneous Freezing in Parcel Simulations of Cirrus SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cirrus clouds; Cloud microphysics; Ice crystals; Ice loss; growth; Ice particles ID ADAPTIVE HABIT PREDICTION; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; ICE CRYSTALS; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; MODEL DESCRIPTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CLOUDS AB The uptake of water vapor excess by ice crystals is a key process regulating the supersaturation in cold clouds. Both the ice crystal number concentration and depositional growth rate control the vapor uptake rate and are sensitive to the deposition coefficient alpha(d). The deposition coefficient depends on temperature and supersaturation; however, cloud models either ignore or assume a constant alpha(d). In this study, the effects of alpha(d) on crystal growth and homogeneous freezing of haze solution drops in simulated cirrus are examined. A Lagrangian parcel model is used with a new ice growth model that predicts the deposition coefficients along two crystal growth axes. Parcel model results indicate that predicting alpha(d) can be critical for predicting ice nucleation and supersaturation at different stages of cloud development. At cloud base, model results show that surface kinetics constrain the homogeneous freezing rate primarily through the growth impact of small particle sizes in comparison to the mean free path. The deposition coefficient has little effect on homogeneous freezing rates, because the high cloud-base supersaturation produces alpha(d) near unity. Above the cloud-base nucleation zone, decreasing supersaturation causes alpha(d) to decrease to values as low as 0.001. These low values of alpha(d) lead to higher steady-state supersaturation. Also, the low values of alpha(d) produce substantial impacts on particle shape evolution and particle size, both of which are dependent on updraft strength. C1 [Zhang, Chengzhu] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Harrington, Jerry Y.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Zhang, CZ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chengzhu.zhang@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0951807, AGS-1433201] FX The authors are grateful to the National Science Foundation for support under Grant AGS-0951807 and AGS-1433201. The authors wish to thank Dr. Dennis Lamb for insightful conversations on ice crystal growth. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their conscientious and constructive comments and suggestions, which assisted us greatly in clarifying this work. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 2929 EP 2946 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0285.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO7OU UT WOS:000359350400006 ER PT J AU Jeevanjee, N Romps, DM AF Jeevanjee, Nadir Romps, David M. TI Effective Buoyancy, Inertial Pressure, and the Mechanical Generation of Boundary Layer Mass Flux by Cold Pools SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Buoyancy; Cold pools; Convective clouds; Deep convection; Dynamics; Gust fronts ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; ICE-PHASE MICROPHYSICS; TROPICAL CONVECTION; VERTICAL VELOCITY; CIRCULATION MODEL; TURBULENT-FLOW; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; THUNDERSTORM; SENSITIVITY AB The Davies-Jones formulation of effective buoyancy is used to define inertial and buoyant components of vertical force and to develop an intuition for these components by considering simple cases. This decomposition is applied to the triggering of new boundary layer mass flux by cold pools in a cloud-resolving simulation of radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). The triggering is found to be dominated by inertial forces, and this is explained by estimating the ratio of the inertial forcing to the buoyancy forcing, which scales as H/h, where H is the characteristic height of the initial downdraft and h is the characteristic height of the mature cold pool's gust front. In a simulation of the transition from shallow to deep convection, the buoyancy forcing plays a dominant role in triggering mass flux in the shallow regime, but the force balance tips in favor of inertial forcing just as precipitation sets in, consistent with the RCE results. C1 [Jeevanjee, Nadir] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jeevanjee, Nadir; Romps, David M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Romps, David M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeevanjee, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jeevanje@berkeley.edu RI Romps, David/F-8285-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Earth System Modeling, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Earth System Modeling, an Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research program under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research used computing resources of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation Grant OCI-1053575. N.J. thanks Wolfgang Langhans for discussions and assistance. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 72 IS 8 BP 3199 EP 3213 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0349.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO7OU UT WOS:000359350400020 ER PT J AU Matthews, M AF Matthews, Manyalibo TI Simulating laser-material interactions SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory researchers use multiphysics simulation to develop techniques to repair fused-silica optics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Matthews, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM matthews11@linl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 98 SPIT BROOK RD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 USA SN 1043-8092 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 8 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA CO9RN UT WOS:000359513400011 ER PT J AU Uphoff, H AF Uphoff, Heidi TI Rywka's Diary: The Writings of a Jewish Girl from the Lodz Ghetto. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Uphoff, Heidi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Uphoff, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 140 IS 13 BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA CO7IS UT WOS:000359333400226 ER PT J AU Ma, XD Hartmann, NF Baldwin, JKS Doorn, SK Htoon, H AF Ma, Xuedan Hartmann, Nicolai F. Baldwin, Jon K. S. Doorn, Stephen K. Htoon, Han TI Room-temperature single-photon generation from solitary dopants of carbon nanotubes SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; DEFECTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITONS; DIAMOND; BRIGHT; STATES AB On-demand single-photon sources capable of operating at room temperature and the telecom wavelength range of 1,300-1,500 nm hold the key to the realization of novel technologies that span from sub-diffraction imaging to quantum key distribution and photonic quantum information processing(1-3). Here, we show that incorporation of undoped (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes into a SiO2 matrix can lead to the creation of solitary oxygen dopant states capable of fluctuation-free, room-temperature single-photon emission in the 1,100-1,300 nm wavelength range. We investigated the effects of temperature on photoluminescence emission efficiencies, fluctuations and decay dynamics of the dopant states and determined the conditions most suitable for the observation of single-photon emission. This emission can in principle be extended to 1,500 nm by doping of smaller-bandgap single-walled carbon nanotubes(4,5). This easy tunability presents a distinct advantage over existing defect centre single-photon emitters (for example, diamond defect centres)(1-3,6). Our SiO2-encapsulated sample also presents exciting opportunities to apply Si/SiO2-based micro/nano-device fabrication techniques in the development of electrically driven single-photon sources and integration of these sources into quantum photonic devices and networks. C1 [Ma, Xuedan; Hartmann, Nicolai F.; Baldwin, Jon K. S.; Doorn, Stephen K.; Htoon, Han] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Doorn, SK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skdoorn@lanl.gov; htoon@lanl.gov OI Hartmann, Nicolai/0000-0002-4174-532X; Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Directed Research and Development Funds FX This work was conducted at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility, and supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Directed Research and Development Funds. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 13 U2 66 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 EI 1748-3395 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 8 BP 671 EP 675 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2015.136 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CP3CN UT WOS:000359754500009 PM 26167766 ER PT J AU Perelson, AS Guedj, J AF Perelson, Alan S. Guedj, Jeremie TI Modelling hepatitis C therapy-predicting effects of treatment SO NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID VIRAL KINETIC-MODEL; DIRECT-ACTING ANTIVIRALS; GENOTYPE 1 INFECTION; HCV NS5A INHIBITOR; DYNAMICS IN-VIVO; VIRUS-RNA; COMBINATION THERAPY; SUPERINFECTION EXCLUSION; VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE; TRIPLE THERAPY AB Mathematically modelling changes in HCV RNA levels measured in patients who receive antiviral therapy has yielded many insights into the pathogenesis and effects of treatment on the virus. By determining how rapidly HCV is cleared when viral replication is interrupted by a therapy, one can deduce how rapidly the virus is produced in patients before treatment. This knowledge, coupled with estimates of the HCV mutation rate, enables one to estimate the frequency with which drug resistant variants arise. Modelling HCV also permits the deduction of the effectiveness of an antiviral agent at blocking HCV replication from the magnitude of the initial viral decline. One can also estimate the lifespan of an HCV-infected cell from the slope of the subsequent viral decline and determine the duration of therapy needed to cure infection. The original understanding of HCV RNA decline under interferon-based therapies obtained by modelling needed to be revised in order to interpret the HCV RNA decline kinetics seen when using direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). There also exist unresolved issues involving understanding therapies with combinations of DAAs, such as the presence of detectable HCV RNA at the end of therapy in patients who nonetheless have a sustained virologic response. C1 [Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guedj, Jeremie] Univ Paris 07, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, F-75018 Paris, France. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, MS-K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov; jeremie.guedj@inserm.fr RI Guedj, Jeremie/A-6842-2017 OI Guedj, Jeremie/0000-0002-5534-5482 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL109334, R34 HL109334]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI078881, R01 AI028433, R01-AI028433, R01-AI078881]; NIH HHS [R01 OD011095, R01-OD011095] NR 93 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1759-5045 EI 1759-5053 J9 NAT REV GASTRO HEPAT JI Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 12 IS 8 BP 437 EP 445 DI 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.97 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA CO8BY UT WOS:000359391200004 PM 26122475 ER PT J AU Ponciroli, R Passerini, S Vilim, RB AF Ponciroli, Roberto Passerini, Stefano Vilim, Richard B. TI INNOVATIVE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR FAST RUNBACK OPERATIONAL TRANSIENT APPLIED TO SMRs SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fast Runback operational transient; Sodium-cooled Small Modular Reactor; Model-based Predictive Control ID PREDICTIVE CONTROL; PERFORMANCE AB The recent interest in the Small Modular Reactor (SMR) for its potential increased economic competitiveness has focused attention in part on reducing operational costs to offset those plant costs that do not benefit from the economies of scale of large traditional units. Plant operation and maintenance economics are significantly driven by plant availability, which can be enhanced by means of innovative control strategies by avoiding unnecessary plant or unit trips. In this context, an effective strategy for achieving fast runback of a sodium-cooled SMR has been developed. In this work, after having defined and modeled a suitable control strategy by adopting the Petri nets formalism, a Model-based Predictive Control regulator has been developed in order to reduce as promptly as possible the power level, without scramming the reactor (fast runback) and possibly limiting the control rod contribution. Such flexibility could lead to significant savings in the operational costs of the reactor while also improving the system availability. The proposed procedure has been characterized by simulating the operational transients on both an oxide-fueled reactor and on a metal-fueled reactor, comparing the responses of the two different configurations and the respectively needed control rod contribution. Note: Some figures in this paper may be in color only in the electronic version. C1 [Ponciroli, Roberto] Politecn Milan, Dept Energy, CeSNEF Enrico Fermi Ctr Nucl Studies, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Ponciroli, Roberto; Passerini, Stefano; Vilim, Richard B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ponciroli, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rponciroli@anl.gov FU ANL, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Politecnico di Milano FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). ANL, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science laboratory, is operated under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was financially supported by Politecnico di Milano via the PhD grant of R. Ponciroli entitled "International Mobility 2012/2013," in the frame of the doctoral program in Energy and Nuclear Science and Technology-26 Cycle. This work was performed while the lead author held a graduate guest appointment at ANL; he acknowledges the opportunity this afforded to collaborate with DOE advanced SMR researchers. Finally, the authors acknowledge A. Cammi and L. Luzzi (Politecnico di Milano, Italy) for their valuable support and fruitful criticism. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 191 IS 2 BP 151 EP 166 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CP3CQ UT WOS:000359754800004 ER PT J AU Brinsden, M Boock, A Baum, D AF Brinsden, Mark Boock, Andrea Baum, Dennis TI Energetics Applications for the Oil and Gas Industry SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brinsden, Mark; Boock, Andrea] Shell Int Explorat & Prod, Houston, TX 77079 USA. [Baum, Dennis] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brinsden, M (reprint author), Shell Int Explorat & Prod, Houston, TX 77079 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 453 EP 454 DI 10.1002/prep.201580431 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CO7LY UT WOS:000359341900001 ER PT J AU Manner, VW Preston, DN Tappan, BC Sanders, VE Brown, GW Hartline, E Jensen, B AF Manner, Virginia W. Preston, Daniel N. Tappan, Bryce C. Sanders, V. Eric Brown, Geoff W. Hartline, Ernie Jensen, Brian TI Explosive Performance Properties of Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN) SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE ETN; Erythritol tetranitrate; Explosive; Performance; Cylinder test ID DETONATION; CRYSTAL AB Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a melt-castable explosive with impressive performance, similar to the well-known related nitrate ester, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Though ETN has been known since 1849, its properties have not been thoroughly investigated. We report here the first 1/2'' copper cylinder tests of ETN, compared with PETN. We discuss detonation and wall expansion velocity, along with diameter effect information in unconfined rate stick tests. The detonation velocity of ETN is 99% that of PETN in the same test setup, showing that performance properties are very similar for the two nitrate esters. C1 [Manner, Virginia W.; Preston, Daniel N.; Tappan, Bryce C.; Sanders, V. Eric; Brown, Geoff W.; Hartline, Ernie; Jensen, Brian] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Sci & Shock Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Manner, VW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Explos Sci & Shock Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vwmanner@lanl.gov; dpreston@lanl.gov FU LANS, LLC for U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by LANS, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 460 EP 462 DI 10.1002/prep.201500066 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CO7LY UT WOS:000359341900003 ER PT J AU Piercey, DG Chavez, DE Heimsch, S Kirst, C Klapotke, TM Stierstorfer, J AF Piercey, Davin G. Chavez, David E. Heimsch, Stefanie Kirst, Christin Klapoetke, Thomas M. Stierstorfer, Joerg TI An Energetic N-Oxide and N-Amino Heterocycle and its Transformation to 1,2,3,4-Tetrazine-1-oxide SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Energetic materials; Explosives; HEDM; N-oxides; N-amines ID SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; COMPOUND; ANION; AMINATION; ENERGIES; STRATEGY; ISOMERS AB This study reports the preparation of 1-amino-1,2,3-triazole-3-oxide (DPX2) and its transformation to 1,2,3,4-tetrazine-1-oxide. DPX-2 provides insight into a novel N-oxide/N-amino high-nitrogen system, being the first energetic material in this class. The ability of this material to undergo a nitrene insertion forming 1,2,3,4-tetrazine-1-oxide was also studied, and evidence for this material, the first non-benzoannulated 1,2,3,4-tetrazine-1-oxide, is presented. The existence of both of these materials opens new strategies in energetic materials design. DPX2 was characterized chemically (Infrared, Raman, NMR, X-ray) and as a high explosive in terms of energetic performances (detonation velocity, pressure, etc.) and sensitivities (impact, friction, electrostatic). DPX-2 was found to possess good thermal stability and moderate sensitivities, indicating the viability of N-amino N-oxides as a strategy for the preparation of new energetic materials. C1 [Piercey, Davin G.; Chavez, David E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Expt Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Heimsch, Stefanie; Kirst, Christin; Klapoetke, Thomas M.; Stierstorfer, Joerg] Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Energet Mat Res, D-81377 Munich, Germany. [Klapoetke, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Energet Concepts Dev, CECD UMD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Piercey, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Expt Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM davinpiercey@gmail.com FU Los Alamos National Lab Laboratory Research and Development Program office for a Director's Funded Postdoctoral Scholarship; Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) [W911NF-09-2-0018, W911NF-09-1-0120, W011NF-09-1-0056]; Joint Munitions Technology Development Program; Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-AF-0-0002] FX The Los Alamos authors would like to thank the Los Alamos National Lab Laboratory Research and Development Program office for a Director's Funded Postdoctoral Scholarship. The Munich Authors would like to thank the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI), the European Research Office (ERO) of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) under contract nos. W911NF-09-2-0018, W911NF-09-1-0120 and W011NF-09-1-0056 is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge collaborations with Dr. Mila Krupka (OZM Research, Czech Republic) in the development of new testing and evaluation methods for energetic materials and with Dr. Muhamed Sucesca (Brodarski Institute, Croatia) in the development of new computational codes to predict the detonation and propulsion parameters of novel explosives. We are indebted to and thank Drs. Betsy M. Rice and Brad Forch (ARL, Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD). Stefan Huber is thanked for assistance with sensitivity measurements. The authors (D. E. C.) would also like to thank the Joint Munitions Technology Development Program for funding. D. E. C. would also like to thank Anna Giambra, Daniel Prestion, Mary Sandstrom, Jose Archuleta, Bettina Reardon and Greg Long for performing the sensitivity characterization and testing. We (D. E. C. and D. A. P.) would also like to thank the Office of Naval Research (Award No. N00014-11-AF-0-0002). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 43 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 491 EP 497 DI 10.1002/prep.201400224 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CO7LY UT WOS:000359341900008 ER PT J AU Thompson, DG Schwarz, RB Brown, GW DeLuca, R AF Thompson, Darla Graff Schwarz, Ricardo B. Brown, Geoff W. DeLuca, Racci TI Time-Evolution of TATB-Based Irreversible Thermal Expansion (Ratchet Growth) SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE TATB; Irreversible growth; Thermal expansion; Ratchet growth; PBX 9502 ID 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE TATB AB TATB is an insensitive high explosive, attractive for use because of its safety aspects. TATB compactions, with or without binder, undergo irreversible volume expansion (or ratchet growth) upon thermal cycling. In the past, experimental elucidation of this phenomenon has focused on irreversible expansion as a function of the number of thermal excursions over a given temperature range, where growth is asymptotic with increasing cycle number. In this paper, we demonstrate that ratchet growth also occurs as a function of time at constant temperature, and that growth is substantial at elevated temperatures. We have measured strain response in PBX 9502, a TATB-based composite, by performing thermal-cycling tests with different durations at high temperature. Irreversible growth arises from the thermal ramps themselves (increasing and decreasing), as well as from the subsequent isotherms. PBX 9502 specimens with previously-identified TATB texture/orientation were used in order to eliminate and/or evaluate texture as a variable. Measurements were also performed on dry-pressed TATB (no binder) to confirm that expansion as a function of time (constant temperature) is not caused by the binder. A simple analysis of the time-response data demonstrates consistency in the results. We propose that the primary driving force for irreversible expansion is the proximity of the current strain value (due to thermal history) to the strain saturation point of the current cycle (i.e. strain at infinite high-temperature hold times or an infinite number of cycles). Such tests should aid in the understanding and modeling of ratchet growth response in these materials. C1 [Thompson, Darla Graff; Brown, Geoff W.; DeLuca, Racci] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schwarz, Ricardo B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Radiat & Dynam Extremes, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, DG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol, WX-7,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dkgraff@lanl.gov FU LANS, LLC under DOE/NNSA [DE-AC52-06NA25396 (LA-UR14-26994)] FX Thanks to Stephanie Hagelberg for immersion density measurements and TATB pressing; thanks to Tim Kuiper for expert machining of PBX specimens. Larry Hill performed thermal gradient calculations on TMA specimens. LANL is operated by LANS, LLC, under DOE/NNSA contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 (LA-UR14-26994). NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 558 EP 565 DI 10.1002/prep.201400214 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CO7LY UT WOS:000359341900018 ER PT J AU Warner, KF Sandstrom, MM Brown, GW Remmers, DL Phillips, JJ Shelley, TJ Reyes, JA Hsu, PC Reynolds, JG AF Warner, Kirstin F. Sandstrom, Mary M. Brown, Geoffrey W. Remmers, Daniel L. Phillips, Jason J. Shelley, Timothy J. Reyes, Jose A. Hsu, Peter C. Reynolds, John G. TI ABL and BAM Friction Analysis Comparison SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article DE Small-scale safety testing; Proficiency test; Friction; Round-robin test; Safety testing protocols; HME; ABL friction; BAM friction ID EXPLOSIVES AB The Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) program has conducted a proficiency study for Small-Scale Safety and Thermal (SSST) testing of homemade explosives (HMEs). Described here is a comparison of the Alleghany Ballistic Laboratory (ABL) friction data and Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung (BAM) friction data for 19 HME and military standard explosives. Two methods were employed to reduce the data - modified Bruceton analysis (F-50) and the threshold initiation level analysis (TIL). The study provides a full list of friction sensitivity data for the 19 materials by both ABL and BAM friction testing equipment. Specific results highlight the differences more than the similarities of the two methods. PETN and KClO3/sugar mixtures exhibit the most sensitivity of the materials studied by both testing methods. On the other hand, H2O2/fuel mixtures exhibit no sensitivity in ABL testing, but exhibit some sensitivity in BAM testing. For the UNi mixtures, the behavior was the opposite, no sensitivity in BAM but some sensitivity in ABL. KClO4/Al mixtures exhibit high sensitivity in the ABL method, but only moderate sensitivity in the BAM method. Other differences are seen in the relative sensitivities underscoring the differences in the mechanisms of how each test method operates. In some cases, data could not be attained because of the physical nature of the material. Comparison between the two friction methods on a material-by-material basis using absolute values not surprisingly yielded essentially no systematic correlations. Even the relative order showed little correlation between the two methods. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) funded this effort. Each participating testing laboratory uses identical test materials and preparation methods. However, the test procedures differ among the laboratories. The testing performers involved are Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology (NSWC IHEODTD), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/RXQL). C1 [Warner, Kirstin F.; Remmers, Daniel L.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Explos Ordnance Disposal Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. [Sandstrom, Mary M.; Brown, Geoffrey W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Phillips, Jason J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shelley, Timothy J.] Bur Alcohol Tobacco & Firearms, Redstone Arsenal, AL USA. [Reyes, Jose A.] Appl Res Associates, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL USA. [Hsu, Peter C.; Reynolds, John G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Warner, KF (reprint author), Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Indian Head Explos Ordnance Disposal Technol Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM reynolds3@llnl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Sandia National Laboratories; Air Force Research Laboratory; Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare [HSHQDC10X00414, LLNL-JRNL-654961 (775550)] FX The authors thank Doug Bauer, Laura J. Parker and Greg Struba for their enthusiastic support; Bob Ford of SMS-Ink for ABL friction test equipment picture. This work was performed by the Integrated Data Collection Analysis (IDCA) Program, a five-lab effort supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, Explosives Division. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Air Force Research Laboratory and Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare also performed work in support of this effort under contract HSHQDC10X00414. LLNL-JRNL-654961 (775550). NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 EI 1521-4087 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 40 IS 4 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1002/prep.201400196 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CO7LY UT WOS:000359341900021 ER PT J AU Rohlman, D Syron, L Hobbie, K Anderson, KA Scaffidi, C Sudakin, D Peterson, ES Waters, KM Haynes, E Arkin, L Feezel, P Kincl, L AF Rohlman, Diana Syron, Laura Hobbie, Kevin Anderson, Kim A. Scaffidi, Christopher Sudakin, Daniel Peterson, Elena S. Waters, Katrina M. Haynes, Erin Arkin, Lisa Feezel, Paul Kincl, Laurel TI A Community-Based Approach to Developing a Mobile Device for Measuring Ambient Air Exposure, Location, and Respiratory Health SO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; PUBLIC-HEALTH; COMMUNICATION; ASTHMA; RISK AB In west Eugene (Oregon), community research indicates residents are disproportionately exposed to industrial air pollution and exhibit increased asthma incidence. In Carroll County (Ohio), recent increases in unconventional natural gas drilling sparked air quality concerns. These community concerns led to the development of a prototype mobile device to measure personal chemical exposure, location, and respiratory function. Working directly with the environmental justice (EJ) communities, the prototype was developed to 1) meet the needs of the community and 2) evaluate the use in EJ communities. The prototype was evaluated in three community focus groups (n = 25) to obtain feedback on the prototype and feasibility study design to evaluate the efficacy of the device to address community concerns. Focus groups were recorded and qualitatively analyzed with discrete feedback tabulated for further refinement. The prototype was improved by community feedback resulting in eight alterations/additions to software and instructional materials. Overall, focus group participants were supportive of the device and believed it would be a useful environmental health tool. The use of focus groups ensured that community members were engaged in the research design and development of a novel environmental health tool. We found that community-based research strategies resulted in a refined device as well as relevant research questions, specific to the EJ community needs and concerns. C1 [Rohlman, Diana] Oregon State Univ, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Syron, Laura] Oregon State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hobbie, Kevin] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Food Safety & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Kim A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Food Safety & Environm Stewardship Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Scaffidi, Christopher] Oregon State Univ, Coll Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sudakin, Daniel] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, Elena S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Waters, Katrina M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Haynes, Erin] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Haynes, Erin] Univ Cincinnati, Ctr Environm Genet, Community Outreach & Engagement Core, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Arkin, Lisa] Beyond Tox, Eugene, OR USA. [Feezel, Paul] Carroll Concerned Citizens, Carrollton, OH USA. [Kincl, Laurel] Oregon State Univ, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth & Human Sci, Community Outreach & Engagement Core, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kincl, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, 14B Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM laurel.kincl@oregonstate.edu OI Rohlman, Diana/0000-0002-3982-0327 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1939-4071 EI 1937-5174 J9 ENVIRON JUSTICE JI Environ. Justice PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 8 IS 4 BP 126 EP 134 DI 10.1089/env.2015.0001 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CP1TV UT WOS:000359659900003 ER PT J AU Pignatari, M Zinner, E Hoppe, P Jordan, CJ Gibson, BK Trappitsch, R Herwig, F Fryer, C Hirschi, R Timmes, FX AF Pignatari, M. Zinner, E. Hoppe, P. Jordan, C. J. Gibson, B. K. Trappitsch, R. Herwig, F. Fryer, C. Hirschi, R. Timmes, F. X. CA NuGrid Collaboration BRIDGCE UK Network TI CARBON-RICH PRESOLAR GRAINS FROM MASSIVE STARS: SUBSOLAR C-12/C-13 AND N-14/N-15 RATIOS AND THE MYSTERY OF N-15 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; stars: abundances; stars: evolution; stars: interiors; supernovae: general ID SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS; GALACTIC EVOLUTION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; GRAPHITE GRAINS; SUPERNOVA GAS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CONDENSATION; METALLICITY; SIMULATIONS AB Carbon-rich grains with isotopic anomalies compared to the Sun are found in primitive meteorites. They were made by stars, and carry the original stellar nucleosynthesis signature. Silicon carbide grains of Type X and C and low-density (LD) graphites condensed in the ejecta of core-collapse supernovae. We present a new set of models for the explosive He shell and compare them with the grains showing C-12/C-13 and N-14/N-15 ratios lower than solar. In the stellar progenitor H was ingested into the He shell and not fully destroyed before the explosion. Different explosion energies and H concentrations are considered. If the supernova shock hits the He-shell region with some H still present, the models can reproduce the C and N isotopic signatures in C-rich grains. Hot-CNO cycle isotopic signatures are obtained, including a large production of C-13 and N-15. The short-lived radionuclides Na-22 and Al-26 are increased by orders of magnitude. The production of radiogenic Ne-22 from the decay of Na-22 in the He shell might solve the puzzle of the Ne-E(L) component in LD graphite grains. This scenario is attractive for the SiC grains of type AB with N-14/N-15 ratios lower than solar, and provides an alternative solution for SiC grains originally classified as nova grains. Finally, this process may contribute to the production of N-14 and N-15 in the Galaxy, helping to produce the N-14/N-15 ratio in the solar system. C1 [Pignatari, M.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Konkoly Observ, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. [Pignatari, M.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Zinner, E.] Washington Univ, Space Sci Lab, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Zinner, E.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Hoppe, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Jordan, C. J.; Gibson, B. K.] Univ Hull, Dept Math & Phys, EA Milne Ctr Astrophys, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Trappitsch, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Trappitsch, R.] Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Herwig, F.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P5C2, Canada. [Herwig, F.; Timmes, F. X.] Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Fryer, C.] LANL, Computat Phys & Methods CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hirschi, R.] Keele Univ, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Hirschi, R.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. [Timmes, F. X.] ASU, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Pignatari, M (reprint author), Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Konkoly Observ, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary. RI Gibson, Brad/M-3592-2015; Hoppe, Peter/B-3032-2015; OI Gibson, Brad/0000-0003-4446-3130; Hoppe, Peter/0000-0003-3681-050X; Trappitsch, Reto/0000-0002-0924-236X; Pignatari, Marco/0000-0002-9048-6010 FU NSF [PHY 02-16783, PHY 09-22648, PHY-1430152]; EU [MIRG-CT-2006-046520]; STFC; EU-FP7-ERC-St Grant [306901]; NSERC; SNSF; "Lendulet" Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; SNF (Switzerland); NASA [NNX11AH14G]; UK's Science & Technology Facilities Council [ST/J001341/1]; NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Planetary Science Fellowship Program [NNX12AL85H]; NASA Cosmochemistry Program [NNX09AG39G] FX NuGrid acknowledges significant support from NSF grants PHY 02-16783 and PHY 09-22648 (Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, JINA), NSF grant PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements) and EU MIRG-CT-2006-046520. The continued work on codes and in disseminating data is made possible through funding from STFC and EU-FP7-ERC-2012-St Grant 306901 (RH, UK), and NSERC Discovery grant (FH, Canada), and an Ambizione grant of the SNSF (MP, Switzerland). M.P. acknowledges support from the "Lendulet-2014" Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and from SNF (Switzerland). NuGrid data are served by Canfar/CADC. E.Z. acknowledges support from NASA grant NNX11AH14G. B.K.G. acknowledges the support of the UK's Science & Technology Facilities Council (ST/J001341/1). R.T. is supported by NASA Headquarters under the NASA Earth and Planetary Science Fellowship Program through grant NNX12AL85H and was partially supported by the NASA Cosmochemistry Program through grant NNX09AG39G (to A. M. Davis). NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 808 IS 2 AR L43 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/808/2/L43 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA CO1TS UT WOS:000358938800011 ER PT J AU Wang, M Xu, BQ Kaspari, SD Gleixner, G Schwab, VF Zhao, HB Wang, HL Yao, P AF Wang, Mo Xu, Baiqing Kaspari, Susan D. Gleixner, Gerd Schwab, Valerie F. Zhao, Huabiao Wang, Hailong Yao, Ping TI Century-long record of black carbon in an ice core from the Eastern Pamirs: Estimated contributions from biomass burning SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Pamirs; Ice core; Black carbon; Levoglucosan; Combustion sources ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; TIBETAN PLATEAU; MOLECULAR TRACERS; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; EMISSION FACTORS; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; WESTERN CHINA; FOSSIL-FUEL AB We analyzed refractory black carbon (rBC) in an ice core spanning 1875-2000 AD from Mt. Muztagh Ata, the Eastern Pamirs, using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2). Additionally a pre-existing levoglucosan record from the same ice core was used to differentiate rBC that originated from open fires, energy-related combustion of biomass, and fossil fuel combustion. Mean rBC concentrations increased four-fold since the mid-1970s and reached maximum values at end of the 1980s. The observed decrease of the rBC concentrations during the 1990s was likely driven by the economic recession of former USSR countries in Central Asia. Levoglucosan concentrations showed a similar temporal trend to rBC concentrations, exhibiting a large increase around 1980 AD followed by a decrease in the 1990s that was likely due to a decrease in energy-related biomass combustion. The time evolution of levoglucosan/rBC ratios indicated stronger emissions from open fires during the 1940s-1950s, while the increase in rBC during the 1980s-1990s was caused from an increase in energy-related combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Mo; Xu, Baiqing; Zhao, Huabiao; Yao, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wang, Mo; Wang, Hailong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xu, Baiqing; Zhao, Huabiao] CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kaspari, Susan D.] Cent Washington Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Ellensburg, WA 98926 USA. [Gleixner, Gerd] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Schwab, Valerie F.] Univ Jena, Inst Inorgan & Analyt Chem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Bldg 3,Courtyard 16,Lin Cui Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM wangmo@itpcas.ac.cn; Hailong.Wang@pnnl.gov RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010 OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402 FU China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists [41125003]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41101063]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0957935]; Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG); Chinese Academy of Science (CAS); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Earth System Modeling Program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX This research was funded by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists 41125003, the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41101063, the U.S. National Science Foundation (EAR-0957935), and the joint Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG) and Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) agreement on collaboration. H. Wang acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Earth System Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and constructive suggestions. NR 90 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.034 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600010 ER PT J AU Tang, NW Apte, JS Martien, PT Kirchstetter, TW AF Tang, Nicholas W. Apte, Joshua S. Martien, Philip T. Kirchstetter, Thomas W. TI Measurement of black carbon emissions from in-use diesel-electric passenger locomotives in California SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Locomotive emissions; Black carbon; Particulate matter; Emission standards; Carbon footprint ID MOTOR-VEHICLES; PARTICLE; PARTICULATE; TRUCKS AB Black carbon (BC) emission factors were measured for a California commuter rail line fleet of diesel-electric passenger locomotives (Caltrain). The emission factors are based on BC and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the exhaust plumes of passing locomotives, which were measured from pedestrian overpasses using portable analyzers. Each of the 29 locomotives in the fleet was sampled on 4-20 separate occasions at different locations to characterize different driving modes. The average emission factor expressed as g BC emitted per kg diesel consumed was 0.87 +/- 0.66 g kg(-1) (+/- 1 standard deviation, n = 362 samples). BC emission factors tended to be higher for accelerating locomotives traveling at higher speeds with engines in higher notch settings. Higher fuel-based BC emission factors (g kg(-1)) were measured for locomotives equipped with separate "head-end" power generators (SEP-HEPs), which power the passenger cars, while higher time-based emission factors (g h(-1)) were measured for locomotives without SEP-HEPs, whose engines are continuously operated at high speeds to provide both head-end and propulsion power. PM10 emission factors, estimated assuming a BC/PM10 emission ratio of 0.6 and a typical power output-to-fuel consumption ratio, were generally in line with the Environmental Protection Agency's locomotive exhaust emission standards. Per passenger mile, diesel-electric locomotives in this study emit only 20% of the CO2 emitted by typical gasoline-powered light-duty vehicles (i.e., cars). However, the reduction in carbon footprint (expressed in terms of CO2 equivalents) due to CO2 emissions avoidance from a passenger commuting by train rather than car is appreciably offset by the locomotive's higher BC emissions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Nicholas W.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Apte, Joshua S.; Kirchstetter, Thomas W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Apte, Joshua S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Martien, Philip T.] Bay Area Air Qual Management Dist, Planning & Climate Protect Div, San Francisco, CA 91409 USA. RP Kirchstetter, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM twkirchstetter@lbl.gov RI Apte, Joshua/K-2570-2014 OI Apte, Joshua/0000-0002-2796-3478 FU Bay Area Air Quality Management District [WF010461] FX This work was supported by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District under Agreement No. WF010461. The authors would like to thank the SamTrans and Transit America Services Inc. staff at the Caltrain Centralized Equipment Maintenance and Operations Facility for allocating time and resources towards emissions testing and providing useful information on the details and operation of their locomotives. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 115 BP 295 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN9ZL UT WOS:000358809600033 ER PT J AU Palty, R Stanley, C Isacoff, EY AF Palty, Raz Stanley, Cherise Isacoff, Ehud Y. TI Critical role for Orai1 C-terminal domain and TM4 in CRAC channel gating SO CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CRAC channel; Orai1; stim1; gating; calcium ID OPERATED CA2+ ENTRY; INTERACTION MOLECULE-1 STIM1; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CALCIUM-ENTRY; COILED-COIL; TRANSMEMBRANE SEGMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ION-CHANNEL; K+ CHANNEL; STORE AB Calcium flux through store-operated calcium entry is a major regulator of intracellular calcium homeostasis and various calcium signaling pathways. Two key components of the store-operated calcium release-activated calcium channel are the Ca2+-sensing protein stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the channel pore-forming protein Orai1. Following calcium depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum, STIM1 undergoes conformational changes that unmask an Orai1-activating domain called CAD. CAD binds to two sites in Orai1, one in the N terminal and one in the C terminal. Most previous studies suggested that gating is initiated by STIM1 binding at the Orai1 N-terminal site, just proximal to the TM1 pore-lining segment, and that binding at the C terminal simply anchors STIM1 within reach of the N terminal. However, a recent study had challenged this view and suggested that the Orai1 C-terminal region is more than a simple STIM1-anchoring site. In this study, we establish that the Orai1 C-terminal domain plays a direct role in gating. We identify a linker region between TM4 and the C-terminal STIM1-binding segment of Orai1 as a key determinant that couples STIM1 binding to gating. We further find that Proline 245 in TM4 of Orai1 is essential for stabilizing the closed state of the channel. Taken together with previous studies, our results suggest a dual-trigger mechanism of Orai1 activation in which binding of STIM1 at the N- and C-terminal domains of Orai1 induces rearrangements in proximal membrane segments to open the channel. C1 [Palty, Raz; Stanley, Cherise; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@berkeley.edu FU American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship [13POST14000008]; National Institutes of Health [R01 NS35549] FX We would like to thank Holly Aaron and the UC Berkeley Molecular Imaging Center for technical assistance. This work was supported by an American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship (13POST14000008 to RP) and by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01 NS35549 to EYI). NR 67 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU INST BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY PI SHANGHAI PA SIBS, CAS, 319 YUEYANG ROAD, SHANGHAI, 200031, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0602 EI 1748-7838 J9 CELL RES JI Cell Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 8 BP 963 EP 980 DI 10.1038/cr.2015.80 PG 18 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CO1UM UT WOS:000358941100009 PM 26138675 ER PT J AU Dale, VH Kline, KL Marland, G Miner, RA AF Dale, Virginia H. Kline, Keith L. Marland, Gregg Miner, Reid A. TI Ecological objectives can be achieved with wood-derived bioenergy SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter ID EMISSIONS; POLICY C1 [Dale, Virginia H.; Kline, Keith L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Ctr BioEnergy Sustainabil, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Marland, Gregg] Appalachian State Univ, Res Inst Environm Energy & Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Miner, Reid A.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dale, VH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Ctr BioEnergy Sustainabil, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dalevh@ornl.gov OI Kline, Keith/0000-0003-2294-1170 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1890/15.WB.011 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CO6NM UT WOS:000359273400011 ER PT J AU Liu, MJ Seddon, AE Tsai, ZTY Major, IT Floer, M Howe, GA Shiu, SH AF Liu, Ming-Jung Seddon, Alexander E. Tsai, Zing Tsung-Yeh Major, Ian T. Floer, Monique Howe, Gregg A. Shiu, Shin-Han TI Determinants of nucleosome positioning and their influence on plant gene expression SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BINDING; GENOME-WIDE IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DNA-SEQUENCE; RNA-SEQ; CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY; EUKARYOTIC GENOME; REGULATORY DNA; JASMONATE; ELEMENTS AB Nucleosome positioning influences the access of transcription factors (TFs) to their binding sites and gene expression. Studies in plant, animal, and fungal models demonstrate similar nucleosome positioning patterns along genes and correlations between occupancy and expression. However, the relationships among nucleosome positioning, cis-regulatory element accessibility, and gene expression in plants remain undefined. Here we showed that plant nucleosome depletion occurs on specific 6-mer motifs and this sequence-specific nucleosome depletion is predictive of expression levels. Nucleosome-depleted regions in Arabidopsis thaliana tend to have higher G/C content, unlike yeast, and are centered on specific G/C-rich 6-mers, suggesting that intrinsic sequence properties, such as G/C content, cannot fully explain plant nucleosome positioning. These 6-mer motif sites showed higher DNase I hypersensitivity and are flanked by strongly phased nucleosomes, consistent with known TF binding sites. Intriguingly, this 6-mer-specific nucleosome depletion pattern occurs not only in promoter but also in genic regions and is significantly correlated with higher gene expression level, a phenomenon also found in rice but not in yeast. Among the 6-mer motifs enriched in genes responsive to treatment with the defense hormone jasmonate, there are no significant changes in nucleosome occupancy, suggesting that these sites are potentially preconditioned to enable rapid response without changing chromatin state significantly. Our study provides a global assessment of the joint contribution of nucleosome occupancy and motif sequences that are likely cis-elements to the control of gene expression in plants. Our findings pave the way for further understanding the impact of chromatin state on plant transcriptional regulatory circuits. C1 [Liu, Ming-Jung; Seddon, Alexander E.; Tsai, Zing Tsung-Yeh; Shiu, Shin-Han] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Major, Ian T.; Howe, Gregg A.] Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Floer, Monique; Howe, Gregg A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Shiu, SH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM shius@msu.edu OI Shiu, Shin-Han/0000-0001-6470-235X FU National Science Foundation [MCB-1119778, IOS-1126998]; Michigan State University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Michigan AgBioResearch Project [MICL02278]; Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology [104-2917-I-564-070] FX We thank David Arnosti and members of the Shiu laboratory for discussion and Melissa Lehti-Shiu for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was in part supported by the National Science Foundation grants (MCB-1119778 and IOS-1126998) and Michigan State University to S.-H.S.; by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to I.T.M.; the Michigan AgBioResearch Project (MICL02278) to G.A.H.; and the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (104-2917-I-564-070) to Z.T.-Y.T. NR 77 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 EI 1549-5469 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1182 EP 1195 DI 10.1101/gr.188680.114 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA CO2AL UT WOS:000358957500010 PM 26063739 ER PT J AU Hendry, MJ Solomon, DK Person, M Wassenaar, LI Gardner, WP Clark, ID Mayer, KU Kunimaru, T Nakata, K Hasegawa, T AF Hendry, M. J. Solomon, D. K. Person, M. Wassenaar, L. I. Gardner, W. P. Clark, I. D. Mayer, K. U. Kunimaru, T. Nakata, K. Hasegawa, T. TI Can argillaceous formations isolate nuclear waste? Insights from isotopic, noble gas, and geochemical profiles SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE aquitard; conservative tracers; nuclear waste disposal ID NATURAL TRACER PROFILES; MICHIGAN BASIN; PLEISTOCENE GLACIATION; RADIOGENIC HELIUM; CLAY TILL; GROUNDWATER; AQUITARD; UNDERPRESSURES; SALINITY; ONTARIO AB There is considerable interest in the use of thick argillaceous geologic formations to contain nuclear waste. Here, we show that diffusion can be the controlling transport process in these formations and diffusional time scales for O-18 and H-2 in water, dissolved He, and Cl transport in shale-dominated aquitards are typically over 10(6) years, well exceeding the regulatory requirements for isolation in most countries. Our scientific understanding of diffusive solute transport processes through argillaceous formations would benefit from the application of additional isotopic tracers (e.g., using new He-4 sampling technology), multidimensional diffusive-dispersive modeling of groundwater flow and diffusive-dispersive solute transport over long geologic time scales, and an improved understanding of spatial heterogeneity as well as time-dependent changes in the subsurface conditions and properties of argillaceous formations in response to events such as glaciation. Based on our current isotopic and geochemical understanding of transport, we argue that argillaceous formations can provide favorable long-term conditions for isolating nuclear wastes. C1 [Hendry, M. J.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Solomon, D. K.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Person, M.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm, Sci, Socorro, NM USA. [Wassenaar, L. I.] IAEA, Vienna Int Ctr, Isotope Hydrol Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Gardner, W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Clark, I. D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Earth Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Mayer, K. U.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Kunimaru, T.] Nucl Waste Management Org Japan NUMO, Minato Ku, Tokyo, Japan. [Nakata, K.; Hasegawa, T.] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Civil Engn Res Lab, Abiko, Chiba, Japan. RP Hendry, MJ (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, 114 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM jim.hendry@usask.ca RI Solomon, Douglas/C-7951-2016; OI Solomon, Douglas/0000-0001-6370-7124; Mayer, K. Ulrich/0000-0002-4168-781X NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 EI 1468-8123 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 3 DI 10.1111/gfl.12132 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA CN8NI UT WOS:000358697500001 ER PT J AU Stansell, ND Rodbell, DT Licciardi, JM Sedlak, CM Schweinsberg, AD Huss, EG Delgado, GM Zimmerman, SH Finkel, RC AF Stansell, Nathan D. Rodbell, Donald T. Licciardi, Joseph M. Sedlak, Christopher M. Schweinsberg, Avriel D. Huss, Elizabeth G. Delgado, Grace M. Zimmerman, Susan H. Finkel, Robert C. TI Late Glacial and Holocene glacier fluctuations at Nevado Huaguruncho in the Eastern Cordillera of the Peruvian Andes SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECORDS AB Discerning the timing and pattern of late Quaternary glacier variability in the tropical Andes is important for our understanding of global climate change. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) ages (48) on moraines and radiocarbon-dated clastic sediment records from a moraine-dammed lake at Nevado Huaguruncho, Peru, document the waxing and waning of alpine glaciers in the Eastern Cordillera during the past similar to 15 k.y. The integrated moraine and lake records indicate that ice advanced at 14.1 +/- 0.4 ka, during the first half of the Antarctic Cold Reversal, and began retreating by 13.7 +/- 0.4 ka. Ice retreated and paraglacial sedimentation declined until ca. 12 ka, when proxy indicators of glacigenic sediment increased sharply, heralding an ice advance that culminated in multiple moraine positions from 11.6 +/- 0.2 ka to 10.3 +/- 0.2 ka. Proxy indicators of glacigenic sediment input suggest oscillating ice extents from ca. 10 to 4 ka, and somewhat more extensive ice cover from 4 to 2 ka, followed by ice retreat. The lack of TCN ages from these intervals suggests that glaciers were less extensive than during the late Holocene. A final Holocene advance occurred during the Little Ice Age (LIA, ca. 0.4 to 0.2 ka) under colder and wetter conditions as documented in regional proxy archives. The pattern of glacier variability at Huaguruncho during the Late Glacial and Holocene is similar to the pattern of tropical Atlantic sea-surface temperatures, and provides evidence that prior to the LIA, ice extent in the eastern tropical Andes was decoupled from temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic. C1 [Stansell, Nathan D.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Rodbell, Donald T.; Delgado, Grace M.] Union Coll, Dept Geol, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Licciardi, Joseph M.; Schweinsberg, Avriel D.; Huss, Elizabeth G.; Delgado, Grace M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sedlak, Christopher M.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar & Climate Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Schweinsberg, Avriel D.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Zimmerman, Susan H.; Finkel, Robert C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Finkel, Robert C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stansell, ND (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Geosci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM nstansell@niu.edu OI Stansell, Nathan/0000-0003-2477-1953 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-1003780, EAR-1003711] FX We thank D. Bain, J. Dalakos, and D. Pompeani for laboratory assistance and J. Schaefer for providing the low-level 9Be carrier. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (grants EAR-1003780 and EAR-1003711), and the Keck Geology Consortium. This is Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory contribution LLNL-JRNL-667538. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 EI 1943-2682 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 8 BP 747 EP 750 DI 10.1130/G36735.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA CO2VK UT WOS:000359014600023 ER PT J AU Feld, GK Heymann, M Benner, WH Pardini, T Tsai, CJ Boutet, S Coleman, MA Hunter, MS Li, XD Messerschmidt, M Opathalage, A Pedrini, B Williams, GJ Krantz, BA Fraden, S Hau-Riege, S Evans, JE Segelke, BW Frank, M AF Feld, Geoffrey K. Heymann, Michael Benner, W. Henry Pardini, Tommaso Tsai, Ching-Ju Boutet, Sebastien Coleman, Matthew A. Hunter, Mark S. Li, Xiaodan Messerschmidt, Marc Opathalage, Achini Pedrini, Bill Williams, Garth J. Krantz, Bryan A. Fraden, Seth Hau-Riege, Stefan Evans, James E. Segelke, Brent W. Frank, Matthias TI Low-Z polymer sample supports for fixed-target serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE X-ray free-electron lasers; biological crystallography; two-dimensional crystallography; microcrystallography; serial femtosecond crystallography ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; FREE-ELECTRON LASER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; 2-DIMENSIONAL CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTION; NANOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RADIATION AB X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) offer a new avenue to the structural probing of complex materials, including biomolecules. Delivery of precious sample to the XFEL beam is a key consideration, as the sample of interest must be serially replaced after each destructive pulse. The fixed-target approach to sample delivery involves depositing samples on a thin-film support and subsequent serial introduction via a translating stage. Some classes of biological materials, including two-dimensional protein crystals, must be introduced on fixed-target supports, as they require a flat surface to prevent sample wrinkling. A series of wafer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-style grid supports constructed of low-Z plastic have been custom-designed and produced. Aluminium TEM grid holders were engineered, capable of delivering up to 20 different conventional or plastic TEM grids using fixed-target stages available at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). As proof-of-principle, X-ray diffraction has been demonstrated from two-dimensional crystals of bacteriorhodopsin and three-dimensional crystals of anthrax toxin protective antigen mounted on these supports at the LCLS. The benefits and limitations of these low-Z fixed-target supports are discussed; it is the authors' belief that they represent a viable and efficient alternative to previously reported fixed-target supports for conducting diffraction studies with XFELs. C1 [Feld, Geoffrey K.; Benner, W. Henry; Pardini, Tommaso; Coleman, Matthew A.; Hunter, Mark S.; Hau-Riege, Stefan; Segelke, Brent W.; Frank, Matthias] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Heymann, Michael] Brandeis Univ, Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Biophys & Struct Biol Program, Waltham, MA USA. [Tsai, Ching-Ju; Li, Xiaodan] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Biomol Res, Villigen, Switzerland. [Boutet, Sebastien; Messerschmidt, Marc; Williams, Garth J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Ctr, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Opathalage, Achini; Fraden, Seth] Brandeis Univ, Martin A Fisher Sch Phys, Waltham, MA USA. [Pedrini, Bill] Paul Scherrer Inst, SwissFEL Project, Villigen, Switzerland. [Krantz, Bryan A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Krantz, Bryan A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Evans, James E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Frank, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM frank1@llnl.gov RI Heymann, Michael/J-6134-2015; Messerschmidt, Marc/F-3796-2010 OI Heymann, Michael/0000-0002-9278-8207; Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018; Messerschmidt, Marc/0000-0002-8641-3302 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; LLNL Lab-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Project [12-ERD-031]; PNNL Chemical Imaging Initiative; NSF Brandeis MRSEC [DMR-0820492] FX GKF, WHB, BWS, JEE, SHR and MF proposed and outlined the research; GKF and MH conceived and designed the plastic support components; MH and AO fabricated the plastic supports under the supervision of SF; WHB, GKF and MF designed the grid holder; GKF, CJT, MAC, JEE, MH, BWS, BAK, MSH and XL provided and prepared samples; TP, SHR and GJW wrote and executed the rastering scripts; SB, GJW and MM operated the CXI instrument; GKF, MH, JEE, MSH, TP, SHR, MAC, BWS, SB, MM, GJW, CJT, BP, XL and MF collected diffraction data; GKF and JEE analyzed diffraction and DAQ data with input from BP and MSH; GKF, MH, BWS and MF wrote the manuscript with contributions from all authors. The authors acknowledge Dongshin Kim for help and discussions on grid fabrication, and Mukthi Kukkadapu and Emme Patello for sorting diffraction data. Work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (operated by Battelle Memorial Institute) under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Support was provided by LLNL Lab-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Project 12-ERD-031, the PNNL Chemical Imaging Initiative, and the NSF Brandeis MRSEC (DMR-0820492). Portions of this research were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy Office of Science by Stanford University. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1072 EP 1079 DI 10.1107/S1600576715010493 PN 4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN9TL UT WOS:000358791900010 ER PT J AU Sobolev, OV Afonine, PV Adams, PD Urzhumtsev, A AF Sobolev, Oleg V. Afonine, Pavel V. Adams, Paul D. Urzhumtsev, Alexandre TI Programming new geometry restraints: parallelity of atomic groups SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE restraints; atomic model refinement; parallel planes; cctbx; PHENIX; gradient calculation ID REFINEMENT; PHENIX.REFINE; SIMILARITY; ALGORITHMS; COMPLEXITY; RESOLUTION; PLANARITY; TOOLBOX AB Improvements in structural biology methods, in particular crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, have created an increased demand for the refinement of atomic models against low-resolution experimental data. One way to compensate for the lack of high-resolution experimental data is to use a priori information about model geometry that can be utilized in refinement in the form of stereochemical restraints or constraints. Here, the definition and calculation of the restraints that can be imposed on planar atomic groups, in particular the angle between such groups, are described. Detailed derivations of the restraint targets and their gradients are provided so that they can be readily implemented in other contexts. Practical implementations of the restraints, and of associated data structures, in the Computational Crystallography Toolbox (cctbx) are presented. C1 [Sobolev, Oleg V.; Afonine, Pavel V.; Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] CNRS INSERM UdS, IGBMC, Ctr Integrat Biol, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] Univ Lorraine, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RP Sobolev, OV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, One Cyclotron Rd,MS64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM osobolev@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIH [1P01 GM063210]; PHENIX Industrial Consortium; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) [ANR-10-INSB-05-01] FX This work was supported by the NIH (project 1P01 GM063210), by the PHENIX Industrial Consortium, and in part by the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. AU thanks the French Infrastructure for Integrated Structural Biology (FRISBI) (grant No. ANR-10-INSB-05-01) and Instruct, part of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI). NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1130 EP 1141 DI 10.1107/S1600576715010432 PN 4 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN9TL UT WOS:000358791900017 PM 26306091 ER PT J AU Senesi, AJ Lee, B AF Senesi, Andrew J. Lee, Byeongdu TI Small-angle scattering of particle assemblies SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE powder diffraction theory; pseudo-lattice factor; superlattices; small-angle scattering; assembly; clusters ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; CUBIC LATTICE SYSTEMS; COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; BUILDING-BLOCKS; PARACRYSTALLINE DISTORTION; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; NANOSCALE FORCES; DNA AB Small-angle scattering formulae for crystalline assemblies of arbitrary particles are derived from powder diffraction theory using the decoupling approximation. To do so, the pseudo-lattice factor is defined, and methods to overcome the limitations of the decoupling approximation are investigated. Further, approximated equations are suggested for the diffuse scattering from various defects of the first kind due to non-ideal particles, including size polydispersity, orientational disorder and positional fluctuation about their ideal positions. Calculated curves using the formalism developed herein are compared with numerical simulations computed without any approximation. For a finite-sized assembly, the scattering from the whole domain of the assembly must also be included, and this is derived using the correlation function approach. C1 [Senesi, Andrew J.; Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM blee@anl.gov OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors were supported by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 22 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1172 EP 1182 DI 10.1107/S1600576715011474 PN 4 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN9TL UT WOS:000358791900021 ER PT J AU Ozturk, H Yan, HF Hill, JP Noyan, IC AF Oeztuerk, Hande Yan, Hanfei Hill, John P. Noyan, I. Cevdet TI Correlating sampling and intensity statistics in nanoparticle diffraction experiments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; nanoparticles; Lorentz factor; sampling statistics ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; POLARIZATION FACTOR; PARTICLES; LORENTZ AB In a previous article [Ozturk, Yan, Hill & Noyan (2014). J. Appl. Cryst. 47, 1016-1025] it was shown that the sampling statistics of diffracting particle populations within a polycrystalline ensemble depended on the size of the constituent crystallites: broad X-ray peak breadths enabled some nano-sized particles to contribute more than one diffraction spot to Debye-Scherrer rings. Here it is shown that the equations proposed by Alexander, Klug & Kummer [J. Appl. Phys. (1948), 19, 742-753] (AKK) to link diffracting particle and diffracted intensity statistics are not applicable if the constituent crystallites of the powder are below 10 nm. In this size range, (i) the one-to-one correspondence between diffracting particles and Laue spots assumed in the AKK analysis is not satisfied, and (ii) the crystallographic correlation between Laue spots originating from the same grain invalidates the assumption that all diffracting plane normals are randomly oriented and uncorrelated. Such correlation produces unexpected results in the selection of diffracting grains. For example, three or more Laue spots from a given grain for a particular reflection can only be observed at certain wavelengths. In addition, correcting the diffracted intensity values by the traditional Lorentz term, 1/cos theta, to compensate for the variation of particles sampled within a reflection band does not maintain fidelity to the number of poles contributing to the diffracted signal. A new term, cos theta(B)/cos theta, corrects this problem. C1 [Oeztuerk, Hande; Noyan, I. Cevdet] Columbia Univ, Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Yan, Hanfei; Hill, John P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hill, John P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, CMPMSD, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Noyan, IC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Appl Phys & Appl Math, 116th St & Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM icn2@columbia.edu RI Yan, Hanfei/F-7993-2011 OI Yan, Hanfei/0000-0001-6824-0367 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We would like to thank Chi-Chang Kao and James Misewich for encouraging us to work in this area and Mikhail Treger and Seung-Yub Lee for valuable discussions. We also thank Mr Art Ellis from IBM Research for his contributions to Figs. 3 and 4(a) and Ms Connie Phung for her contribution to Fig. 4(b). This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 14 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1212 EP 1227 DI 10.1107/S1600576715011747 PN 4 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN9TL UT WOS:000358791900025 ER PT J AU Coates, L Cuneo, MJ Frost, MJ He, JH Weiss, KL Tomanicek, SJ McFeeters, H Vandavasi, VG Langan, P Iverson, EB AF Coates, Leighton Cuneo, Matthew J. Frost, Matthew J. He, Junhong Weiss, Kevin L. Tomanicek, Stephen J. McFeeters, Hana Vandavasi, Venu Gopal Langan, Paul Iverson, Erik B. TI The Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer MaNDi at the Spallation Neutron Source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE MaNDi; Spallation Neutron Source; neutron diffractometers ID PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ALDOSE REDUCTASE; X-RAY; DIFFRACTION AB The Macromolecular Neutron Diffractometer (MaNDi) is located on beamline 11B of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The instrument is a neutron time-of-flight wavelength-resolved Laue diffractometer optimized to collect diffraction data from single crystals. The instrument has been designed to provide flexibility in several instrumental parameters, such as beam divergence and wavelength bandwidth, to allow data collection from a range of macromolecular systems. C1 [Coates, Leighton; Cuneo, Matthew J.; Frost, Matthew J.; He, Junhong; Tomanicek, Stephen J.; Vandavasi, Venu Gopal; Langan, Paul; Iverson, Erik B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [McFeeters, Hana] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Coates, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM coatesl@ornl.gov RI Weiss, Kevin/I-4669-2013; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Weiss, Kevin/0000-0002-6486-8007; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Coates, Leighton/0000-0003-2342-049X; Cuneo, Matthew/0000-0002-1475-6656; Frost, Matthew/0000-0001-6821-170X; Vandavasi, Venu Gopal/0000-0002-8894-1395; Iverson, Erik /0000-0002-7920-705X FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. The Office of Biological and Environmental Research supported research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Structural Molecular Biology, using facilities supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 1302 EP 1306 DI 10.1107/S1600576715011243 PN 4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA CN9TL UT WOS:000358791900034 ER PT J AU Leenheer, AJ Sullivan, JP Shaw, MJ Harris, CT AF Leenheer, Andrew J. Sullivan, John P. Shaw, Michael J. Harris, C. Thomas TI A Sealed Liquid Cell for In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy of Controlled Electrochemical Processes SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Batteries; microscopy; electrochemical devices; electrochemical processes; imaging; materials science and technology ID ION BATTERIES; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACES; KINETICS; GROWTH; COPPER; TEM AB A microfabricated liquid cell that permits imaging and controlling of electrochemical processes in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been developed, and its capabilities are demonstrated. The liquid cell comprises two silicon chips with suspended electron-transparent silicon nitride membranes that encapsulate and hermetically seal a thin (similar to 100 nm) liquid layer in the TEM high-vacuum environment. Up to 10 integrated electrodes with selectively exposed areas allow multiple experiments to be performed on the same chip, and the electrode geometry has been designed to facilitate the assembly of nanostructures or nanoscale patterning of thin-film materials on the electrodes. We demonstrate the cell operation by picoampere-level electrochemical control and imaging of copper electrodeposition. A wide variety of materials and electrolytes may be studied with this cell design, and the relatively small (similar to 1 mu m(2)) exposed electrode areas enable quantitative electrochemical control at low currents. C1 [Leenheer, Andrew J.; Sullivan, John P.; Harris, C. Thomas] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Shaw, Michael J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Microsyst Engn Sci & Applicat Fabricat Facil, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Leenheer, AJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM ajleenh@sandia.gov; jpsulli@sandia.gov; mjshaw@sandia.gov; ctharri@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL); Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and in part by the Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0001160. The LDRD supported the development and fabrication of platforms. The NEES center supported the development of TEM techniques. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Subject Editor A. J. Ricco. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 53 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 4 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2014.2380771 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CO1YQ UT WOS:000358952600035 ER PT J AU Garcia, HE Meerkov, SM Ravichandran, MT AF Garcia, Humberto E. Meerkov, Semyon M. Ravichandran, Maruthi T. TI Resilient plant monitoring systems: Techniques, analysis, design, and performance evaluation SO JOURNAL OF PROCESS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Sensor networks; Malicious attacks; Data quality acquisition; Process variable and plant condition assessment; Rational controllers; Decomposition with knowledge fusion; Resilient monitoring of power plants ID NETWORKS; ATTACKS AB Resilient monitoring systems (RMS) are sensor networks that degrade gracefully under malicious attacks on their sensors, causing them to project misleading information. This paper develops techniques to ensure resiliency, namely: active data quality acquisition, process variable and plant condition assessments, sensor network adaptation, and plant decomposition with knowledge fusion. Based on these techniques, we design a RMS for power plants and investigate its performance under various cyber-physical attacks. In all scenarios considered, the system offers effective protection against misleading information and identifies the plant condition - normal or anomalous - in a reliable and timely manner. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, Humberto E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Meerkov, Semyon M.; Ravichandran, Maruthi T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Meerkov, SM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM Humberto.Garcia@inl.gov; smm@umich.edu; marutrav@umich.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy under DOE [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX The University of Michigan students Naman Jhamaria and Heng Kuang are acknowledged for their participation in the initial stages of this research. Support for this research has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy under DOE Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 and performed as part of the Instrumentation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (ICIS) initiative at the Idaho National Laboratory. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-1524 EI 1873-2771 J9 J PROCESS CONTR JI J. Process Control PD AUG PY 2015 VL 32 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jprocont.2015.05.001 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Chemical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA CO4YF UT WOS:000359166100006 ER PT J AU Mahl, UH Tank, JL Roley, SS Davis, RT AF Mahl, Ursula H. Tank, Jennifer L. Roley, Sarah S. Davis, Robert T. TI Two-Stage Ditch Floodplains Enhance N-Removal Capacity and Reduce Turbidity and Dissolved P in Agricultural Streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE best management practices; two-stage ditch; restoration; biogeochemistry; denitrification; nutrients; turbidity; agricultural stream ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; URBAN RIPARIAN ZONES; LAND-USE; NITROGEN REMOVAL; WATER-QUALITY; SOIL DENITRIFICATION; CHANNEL SYSTEMS; NITRATE REMOVAL; PHOSPHORUS AB Two-stage ditches represent an emerging management strategy in artificially drained agricultural landscapes that mimics natural floodplains and has the potential to improve water quality. We assessed the potential for the two-stage ditch to reduce sediment and nutrient export by measuring water column turbidity, nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations, and denitrification rates. During 2009-2010, we compared reaches with two-stage floodplains to upstream reaches with conventional trapezoid design in six agricultural streams. At base flow, these short two-stage reaches (<600m) reduced SRP concentrations by 3-53%, but did not significantly reduce NO3- concentrations due to very high NO3- loads. The two-stage also decreased turbidity by 15-82%, suggesting reduced suspended sediment export during floodplain inundation. Reach-scale N-removal increased 3-24 fold during inundation due to increased bioreactive surface area with high floodplain denitrification rates. Inundation frequency varied with bench height, with lower benches being flooded more frequently, resulting in higher annual N-removal. We also found both soil organic matter and denitrification rates were higher on older floodplains. Finally, influence of the two-stage varied among streams and years due to variation in stream discharge, nutrient loads, and denitrification rates, which should be considered during implementation to optimize potential water quality benefits. C1 [Mahl, Ursula H.; Tank, Jennifer L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Roley, Sarah S.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Davis, Robert T.] Whiterock Conservancy, Coon Rapids, IA 50058 USA. RP Mahl, UH (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, 188 Galvin Life Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM umahl@nd.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service through National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) [2008-51130-04766]; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX Many thanks to A. Ward, J. Witter, K. Wamsley, and C. Watts for help with site selection and logistics. We thank private land owners for access to the sites. We also acknowledge the efforts of many technicians and undergraduate research assistants who assisted in field and laboratory research. This project was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) grant program, #2008-51130-04766. Partial support during manuscript preparation to S.S. Roley was from the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 18 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 923 EP 940 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12340 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CO2WN UT WOS:000359017800005 ER PT J AU Davis, RT Tank, JL Mahl, UH Winikoff, SG Roley, SS AF Davis, Robert T. Tank, Jennifer L. Mahl, Ursula H. Winikoff, Sarah G. Roley, Sarah S. TI The Influence of Two-Stage Ditches with Constructed Floodplains on Water Column Nutrients and Sediments in Agricultural Streams SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE water quality; nutrients; sediment; turbidity; agriculture; streams; two-stage ditch ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS; SUSPENDED-SOLIDS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; NITROGEN REMOVAL; CHANNEL SYSTEMS; WOODLAND STREAM; SURFACE WATERS AB The two-stage ditch is a novel management practice originally implemented to increase bank stability through floodplain restoration in channelized agricultural streams. To determine the effects of two-stage construction on sediment and nutrient loads, we monitored turbidity, and also measured total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) species, and phosphorus (P) after two-stage ditch construction in reference and manipulated reaches of four streams. Turbidity decreased during floodplain inundation at all sites, but TSS and P, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) decreased only in the two-stage ditches with longer duration of inundation. Both TSS and TP were positively correlated within individual streams, but neither were correlated with turbidity. Phosphorus was elevated in the stream to which manure was applied adjacent to the two-stage reach, but not the reference reach, suggesting that landscape nutrient management plans could restrict nutrient transport to the stream, ultimately determining the efficacy of instream management practices. In addition, ammonium and nitrate decreased in two-stage reaches with lower initial N concentrations. Overall, results suggest that turbidity, TSS, and TP were reduced during floodplain inundation, but the two-stage alone may not be effective for managing high inorganic N loads. C1 [Davis, Robert T.] Whiterock Conservancy, Coon Rapids, IA 50058 USA. [Tank, Jennifer L.; Mahl, Ursula H.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Winikoff, Sarah G.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Biol Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Roley, Sarah S.] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. RP Davis, RT (reprint author), Whiterock Conservancy, 1436 Highway 141, Coon Rapids, IA 50058 USA. EM LandManager@WhiterockConservancy.org FU USDA/NIFA 406 Water Quality Initiative grant [60017275]; Sigma Xi; Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX Kent Wamsley helped with site selection for restoration in Shatto Ditch as well as serving as a contact person for landowners within Indiana. Arial Shogren helped with statistical analysis of data used in the manuscript. We also like to thank the landowners and producers that gave us site access otherwise this work would not have been possible. This project was funded by grants from the USDA/NIFA 406 Water Quality Initiative grant # 60017275 and Sigma Xi grant-in-aid of research to R.T. Davis. In addition, R.T. Davis was funded in part through a Graduate Fellowship from the Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative. Partial support during manuscript preparation to S.S. Roley was from the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). Finally, we thank Anthony Buda for organizing this JAWRA special issue on Agricultural Hydrology and Water Quality, and we are grateful for the constructive reviews that helped improve this manuscript. NR 86 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 16 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 941 EP 955 DI 10.1111/1752-1688.12341 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CO2WN UT WOS:000359017800006 ER PT J AU Sefick, SA Kalin, L Kosnicki, E Schneid, BP Jarrell, MS Anderson, CJ Paller, MH Feminella, JW AF Sefick, Stephen A. Kalin, Latif Kosnicki, Ely Schneid, Brad P. Jarrell, Miller S. Anderson, Chris J. Paller, Michael H. Feminella, Jack W. TI Empirical Estimation of Stream Discharge Using Channel Geometry in Low-Gradient, Sand-Bed Streams of the Southeastern Plains SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE surface water hydrology; open-channel flow; rivers; streams; channel resistance; Manning's equation; hydraulics; discharge prediction; sand bed; Southeastern Plains ID FLOW RESISTANCE EQUATIONS; UNITED-STATES; REGRESSION-MODELS; NATURAL CHANNELS; RIVER DISCHARGE; VELOCITY AB Manning's equation is used widely to predict stream discharge (Q) from hydraulic variables when logistics constrain empirical measurements of in-bank flow events. Uncertainty in Manning's roughness (n(M)) is the major source of error in natural channels, and sand-bed streams pose difficulties because flow resistance is affected by flow-dependent bed configuration. Our study was designed to develop and validate models for estimating Q from channel geometry easily derived from cross-sectional surveys and available GIS data. A database was compiled consisting of 484 Q measurements from 75 sand-bed streams in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina (Southeastern Plains), and Florida (Southern Coastal Plain), with six New Zealand streams included to develop statistical models to predict Q from hydraulic variables. Model error characteristics were estimated with leave-one-site-out jackknifing. Independent data of 317 Q measurements from 55 Southeastern Plains streams indicated the model (Q=A(c)R(H)(0.6906)S(0.1216); where A(c) is the channel area, R-H is the hydraulic radius, and S is the bed slope) best predicted Q, based on Akaike's information criterion and root mean square error. Models also were developed from smaller Q range subsets to explore if subsets increased predictive ability, but error fit statistics suggested that these were not reasonable alternatives to the above equation. Thus, we recommend the above equation for predicting in-bank Q of unbraided, sandy streams of the Southeastern Plains. C1 [Sefick, Stephen A.; Kosnicki, Ely; Schneid, Brad P.; Jarrell, Miller S.; Feminella, Jack W.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kalin, Latif; Anderson, Chris J.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Paller, Michael H.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Sefick, SA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM sas0025@auburn.edu FU SERDP [SI-1694] FX We thank Andrew Morrison, S. Lawrence Dingman, and David Bjerklie for providing hydraulic data. We also thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments were valuable in improving earlier versions of this manuscript. This research was funded by SERDP grant SI-1694. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1071 DI 10.1111/jawr.12278 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CO2WN UT WOS:000359017800014 ER PT J AU Bridges, JC Schwenzer, SP Leveille, R Wiens, RC McAdam, A Conrad, P Kelley, SP AF Bridges, J. C. Schwenzer, S. P. Leveille, R. Wiens, R. C. McAdam, A. Conrad, P. Kelley, S. P. TI HEMATITE INDICATOR OF HIGH WATER TO ROCK RATIO ALTERATION IN GALE CRATER SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Schwenzer, S. P.; Kelley, S. P.] Open Univ, Dept Environm Earth & Ecosyst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Leveille, R.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Remote Sensing, Los Alamos, NM USA. [McAdam, A.; Conrad, P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM j.bridges@le.ac.uk NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5293.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900039 ER PT J AU Cuzzi, JN AF Cuzzi, J. N. TI PLANETESIMAL FORMATION SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Cuzzi, J. N.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ames, IA USA. EM Jeffrey.Cuzzi@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5392.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900072 ER PT J AU Dominguez, G Gainsforth, Z McCleod, A Kelly, P Bechtel, HA Keilmann, F Thiemens, M Westphal, A Basov, DN AF Dominguez, G. Gainsforth, Z. McCleod, A. Kelly, P. Bechtel, H. A. Keilmann, F. Thiemens, M. Westphal, A. Basov, D. N. TI Tracing Aqueous Alteration in Murchison Using NanoFTIR, SEM, TEM, and STXM SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID ACIDS C1 [Dominguez, G.] CSU San Marcos, Dept Phys, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. [Gainsforth, Z.; Westphal, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [McCleod, A.; Kelly, P.; Basov, D. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bechtel, H. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keilmann, F.] Univ Munich, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Keilmann, F.] Ctr NanoSci, D-80539 Munich, Germany. [Thiemens, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gdominguez@csusm.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5362.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900080 ER PT J AU Essa, KS Kletetschka, G AF Essa, K. S. Kletetschka, G. TI MAGNETIC ANOMALIES ON MARS ARE DEEP SEATED SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID FIELD; CRUST C1 [Essa, K. S.] Cairo Univ, Dept Geophys, Fac Sci, Giza 12613, Egypt. [Kletetschka, G.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geol, Vvi, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, G.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, G.] LBNL, Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM essa@sci.cu.edu.eg; kletetschka@gmail.com RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011; Essa, Khalid/Q-3889-2016 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037; Essa, Khalid/0000-0002-4183-9617 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5019.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900094 ER PT J AU Ezzedine, SM Miller, PL Dearborn, DSP AF Ezzedine, S. M. Miller, P. L. Dearborn, D. S. P. TI PARAMETRIC STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF BOLIDES IMPACTS ON EARTH OR THEIR NEAR-SURFACE AIRBURSTS ON CRATERING. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Ezzedine, S. M.; Miller, P. L.; Dearborn, D. S. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ezzedine1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5393.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900095 ER PT J AU Han, J Keller, LP Needham, AW Messenger, S Simon, JI AF Han, J. Keller, L. P. Needham, A. W. Messenger, S. Simon, J. I. TI MICROSTRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF A WARK-LOVERING RIM ON A VIGARANO CAI SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID RICH INCLUSIONS C1 [Han, J.] USRA LPI, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Han, J.; Keller, L. P.; Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.; Simon, J. I.] NASA JSC, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Needham, A. W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jangmi.han@nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5243.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900124 ER PT J AU Hruba, J Kletetschka, G AF Hruba, J. Kletetschka, G. TI MELTING AND FREEZING OF ICE IN RELATION TO IRON OXIDATION OF METEORITES SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Hruba, J.; Kletetschka, G.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, G.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geol, Vvi, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, G.] LBNL, Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM jolanahruba12@gmail.com RI Hruba, Jolana/K-4736-2015; Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5093.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900146 ER PT J AU Hu, ZW Winarski, R AF Hu, Z. W. Winarski, R. TI MAKING HIDDEN PRISTINE SUBMICRON CARBONACEOUS HOLLOW GRAINS STAND OUT IN SITU IN INTERPLANETARY DUST SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Hu, Z. W.] XNano Sci Inc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Winarski, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zwhu@xnano.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5267.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900148 ER PT J AU Kebukawa, Y Zolensky, ME Chan, QHS Fries, M Steele, A Kilcoyne, ALD Rahman, Z Cody, GD AF Kebukawa, Y. Zolensky, M. E. Chan, Q. H. S. Fries, M. Steele, A. Kilcoyne, A. L. David Rahman, Z. Cody, G. D. TI CONSTRAINING THERMAL PROCESSING OF CARBON-RICH AGGREGATES IN XENOLITHIC CLASTS FROM SHARPS (H3.4) METEORITE. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Kebukawa, Y.] Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240, Japan. [Zolensky, M. E.; Chan, Q. H. S.; Fries, M.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Steele, A.; Cody, G. D.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rahman, Z.] ESCG Jacobs, Houston, TX USA. EM kebukawa@ynu.ac.jp RI Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5158.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900162 ER PT J AU Kuhlman, KR Poplawsky, JD Hiroi, T Baba, K AF Kuhlman, K. R. Poplawsky, J. D. Hiroi, T. Baba, K. TI ATOM PROBE TOMOGRAPHY AND VISIBLE/NEARINFRARED SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF SIMULATED SOLAR WIND HYDROGEN IMPLANTED OLIVINE. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Kuhlman, K. R.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. [Poplawsky, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hiroi, T.] Brown Univ, Dept Earth Environm & Planetary Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Baba, K.] Ind Technol Ctr, Nagasaki, Japan. EM kim@psi.edu RI Poplawsky, Jonathan/Q-2456-2015 OI Poplawsky, Jonathan/0000-0002-4272-7043 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5034.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900182 ER PT J AU Markley, MM Kletetschka, G AF Markley, M. M. Kletetschka, G. TI Nanophase Iron Production through Laser Irradiation: Space Weathering Analog. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Markley, M. M.; Kletetschka, G.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Prague 12800, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, G.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Geol, Prague, Czech Republic. [Kletetschka, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM markleym@natur.cuni.cz RI Kletetschka, Gunther/C-9996-2011; Markley, Matthew/I-4976-2016 OI Kletetschka, Gunther/0000-0002-0645-9037; Markley, Matthew/0000-0002-8537-679X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5011.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900209 ER PT J AU Matzel, J Jacobsen, B Simon, JI AF Matzel, J. Jacobsen, B. Simon, J. I. TI ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM CHRONOLOGY OF THE RIM OF A MURCHISON TYPE A CAI. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID INCLUSIONS C1 [Matzel, J.; Jacobsen, B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Simon, J. I.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. EM matzel2@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5372.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900213 ER PT J AU Mishra, RK Simon, JI Ross, DK Keller, LP Marhas, KK Needham, AW AF Mishra, R. K. Simon, J. I. Ross, D. K. Keller, L. P. Marhas, K. K. Needham, A. W. TI A REFRACTORY INCLUSION IN UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITE (LL3.3) ALLAN HILLS A81251. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID AL-26 C1 [Mishra, R. K.; Needham, A. W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mishra, R. K.; Simon, J. I.; Ross, D. K.; Keller, L. P.; Marhas, K. K.; Needham, A. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ross, D. K.] Jacobs Technol JETS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Marhas, K. K.] LPI, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Marhas, K. K.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. EM ritesh.k.mishra@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5139.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900228 ER PT J AU Mishra, RK Simon, JI Messenger, S Marhas, KK Ross, DK Needham, AW Han, J AF Mishra, R. K. Simon, J. I. Messenger, S. Marhas, K. K. Ross, D. K. Needham, A. W. Han, J. TI OXYGEN ISOTOPES IN PEROVSKITES AND ASSOCIATED MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES IN A HIBONITE-BEARING ALLENDE CAI. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Mishra, R. K.; Needham, A. W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mishra, R. K.; Simon, J. I.; Messenger, S.; Marhas, K. K.; Ross, D. K.; Needham, A. W.; Han, J.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Marhas, K. K.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. [Marhas, K. K.; Han, J.] LPI, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ross, D. K.] Jacobs Technol JETS, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM ritesh.k.mishra@nasa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5133.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900227 ER PT J AU Needham, AW Messenger, S Keller, LP Simon, JI Han, J Mishra, RK Marhas, KK AF Needham, A. W. Messenger, S. Keller, L. P. Simon, J. I. Han, J. Mishra, R. K. Marhas, K. K. TI ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS IN WARK-LOVERING RIMS SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID SOLAR NEBULA C1 [Needham, A. W.; Mishra, R. K.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Needham, A. W.; Messenger, S.; Keller, L. P.; Simon, J. I.; Han, J.; Mishra, R. K.; Marhas, K. K.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Han, J.; Marhas, K. K.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX USA. [Marhas, K. K.] Phys Res Lab, Ahmadabad 380009, Gujarat, India. EM andrew.w.needham@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5014.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900247 ER PT J AU Stephan, T Trappitsch, R Davis, AM Pellin, MJ Rost, D Savina, MR Jadhav, M Kelly, CH AF Stephan, T. Trappitsch, R. Davis, A. M. Pellin, M. J. Rost, D. Savina, M. R. Jadhav, M. Kelly, C. H. TI ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF PRESOLAR SILICON CARBIDE GRAINS ANALYZED WITH CHILI. SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab ID GIANT BRANCH STARS; SIC GRAINS; MURCHISON; BARIUM; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; STRONTIUM; ZIRCONIUM C1 [Stephan, T.; Trappitsch, R.; Davis, A. M.; Pellin, M. J.; Rost, D.; Savina, M. R.; Jadhav, M.; Kelly, C. H.] Univ Chicago, Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Stephan, T.; Trappitsch, R.; Davis, A. M.; Pellin, M. J.; Rost, D.; Jadhav, M.; Kelly, C. H.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Davis, A. M.; Pellin, M. J.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Pellin, M. J.; Savina, M. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tstephan@uchicago.edu RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5257.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900313 ER PT J AU Syal, MB Chen, L Herbold, EB Owen, JM Swift, D Miller, PL AF Syal, M. Bruck Chen, L. Herbold, E. B. Owen, J. M. Swift, D. Miller, P. L. TI METEORITE MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR USE IN IMPULSIVE ASTEROID DEFLECTION SIMULATIONS SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 78th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY JUL 27-31, 2015 CL Berkeley, CA SP Meteorit Soc, Barringer Crater Co, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Japan Polar Res Assoc, Natl Inst Polar Res, NASA Mars Program Off, Agilent Technologies, CAMECA, Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Natl Electrostat Corp, TESCAN, Int Meteorite Collectors Assoc, Planetary Studies Fdn, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Univ Calif, Space Sci Lab C1 [Syal, M. Bruck; Herbold, E. B.; Owen, J. M.; Swift, D.; Miller, P. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Chen, L.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. EM syal1@llnl.gov RI Herbold, Eric/G-3432-2011 OI Herbold, Eric/0000-0002-9837-1824 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1086-9379 EI 1945-5100 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 SU 1 SI SI MA 5282.pdf PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA CN7CR UT WOS:000358591900042 ER PT J AU Buchheit, TE Carroll, JD Clark, BG Boyce, BL AF Buchheit, Thomas E. Carroll, Jay D. Clark, Blythe G. Boyce, Brad L. TI Evaluating Deformation-Induced Grain Orientation Change in a Polycrystal During In Situ Tensile Deformation using EBSD SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD); grain orientation; misorientation; microstructure; plastic deformation ID ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION; FINITE-ELEMENT SIMULATIONS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY MODELS; DEFORMED METALS; ALUMINUM; TANTALUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; PARAMETERS; BOUNDARIES; RESOLUTION AB Using an in situ load frame within a scanning electron microscope, a microstructural section on the surface of an annealed tantalum (Ta) polycrystalline specimen was mapped at successive tensile strain intervals, up to similar to 20% strain, using electron backscatter diffraction. A grain identification and correlation technique was developed for characterizing the evolving microstructure during loading. Presenting the correlated results builds on the reference orientation deviation (ROD) map concept where individual orientation measurements within a grain are compared with a reference orientation associated with that grain. In this case, individual orientation measurements in a deformed grain are measured relative to a reference orientation derived from the undeformed (initial) configuration rather than the current deformed configuration as has been done for previous ROD schemes. Using this technique helps reveal the evolution of crystallographic orientation gradients and development of deformation-induced substructure within grains. Although overall crystallographic texture evolved slowly during deformation, orientation spread within grains developed quickly. In some locations, misorientation relative to the original orientation of a grain exceeded 20 degrees by 15% strain. The largest orientation changes often appeared near grain boundaries suggesting that these regions were preferred locations for the initial development of subgrains. C1 [Buchheit, Thomas E.; Carroll, Jay D.; Boyce, Brad L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Clark, Blythe G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Phys Chem & Nano Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Buchheit, TE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tebuchh@sandia.gov RI Carroll, Jay/K-2720-2012 OI Carroll, Jay/0000-0002-5818-4709 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the able assistance of Bonnie McKenzie with scanning electron microscope expertise and collection of the electron backscatter diffraction data. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 28 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 4 BP 969 EP 984 DI 10.1017/S1431927615000677 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA CO0IV UT WOS:000358834600020 PM 26189352 ER PT J AU He, L Zhang, P Besser, MF Kramer, MJ Voyles, PM AF He, Li Zhang, Pei Besser, Matthew F. Kramer, Matthew Joseph Voyles, Paul M. TI Electron Correlation Microscopy: A New Technique for Studying Local Atom Dynamics Applied to a Supercooled Liquid SO MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE electron correlation microscopy; fluctuation electron microscopy; x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy; bulk metallic glass; scanning transmission electron microscopy ID DIGITAL-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; METALLIC-GLASS; COHERENT SCATTERING; PHOTON-CORRELATION; FLUCTUATIONS; DETECTOR; LIGHT; STEM AB Electron correlation microscopy (ECM) is a new technique that utilizes time-resolved coherent electron nanodiffraction to study dynamic atomic rearrangements in materials. It is the electron scattering equivalent of photon correlation spectroscopy with the added advantage of nanometer-scale spatial resolution. We have applied ECM to a Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass, heated inside a scanning transmission electron microscope into a supercooled liquid to measure the structural relaxation time between the glass transition temperature T-g and the crystallization temperature, T-x. tau determined from the mean diffraction intensity autocorrelation function g(2)(t) decreases with temperature following an Arrhenius relationship between T-g and T-g+25 K, and then increases as temperature approaches T-x. The distribution of determined from the g(2)(t) of single speckles is broad and changes significantly with temperature. C1 [He, Li; Zhang, Pei; Voyles, Paul M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Besser, Matthew F.; Kramer, Matthew Joseph] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP He, L (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM lhe32@wisc.edu; paul.voyles@wisc.edu FU Ernst Ruska Center of the Forschungszentrum Julich [B-044]; US National Science Foundation [DMR-1205899]; University of Wisconsin Vilas Associate program; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division; US DOE by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The authors acknowledge support for access to instrumentation in the Ernst Ruska Center of the Forschungszentrum Julich through E-C project B-044 and thank Marc Heggen, Martial Duchamp, and Manuel Bornhofft for technical assistance. This research was funded by the US National Science Foundation (DMR-1205899) and the University of Wisconsin Vilas Associate program. The work performed at Ames Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division, which is operated for the US DOE by Iowa State University under contract #DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1431-9276 EI 1435-8115 J9 MICROSC MICROANAL JI Microsc. microanal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1033 DI 10.1017/S1431927615000641 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA CO0IV UT WOS:000358834600025 PM 26036263 ER PT J AU Goodfriend, E Chow, FK Vanella, M Balaras, E AF Goodfriend, Elijah Chow, Fotini Katopodes Vanella, Marcos Balaras, Elias TI Improving Large-Eddy Simulation of Neutral Boundary Layer Flow across Grid Interfaces SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; SUBGRID-SCALE MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC FLOW; WAVE-PROPAGATION; ONE-WAY; RECONSTRUCTION; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; PREDICTION AB Increasing computational power has enabled grid resolutions that support large-eddy simulation (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer. These simulations often use grid nesting or adaptive mesh refinement to refine the grid in regions of interest. LES generates errors at grid refinement interfaces, such as resolved energy accumulation, that may compromise solution accuracy. In this paper, the authors test the ability of two LES formulations and turbulence closures to mitigate errors associated with the use of LES on nonuniform grids for a half-channel approximation to a neutral atmospheric boundary layer simulation. Idealized simulations are used to examine flow across coarse-fine and fine-coarse interfaces, as would occur in a two-way nested configuration or with block structured adaptive mesh refinement. Specifically, explicit filtering of the advection term and the mixed model are compared to a standard LES formulation with an eddy viscosity model. Errors due to grid interfaces are evaluated by comparison to uniform grid solutions. It is found that explicitly filtering the advection term provides significant benefits, in that it allows both mass and momentum to be conserved across grid refinement interfaces. The mixed model reduces unphysical perturbations generated by wave reflection at the interfaces. These results suggest that the choice of LES formulation and turbulence closure can be used to help control grid refinement interface errors in atmospheric boundary layer simulations. C1 [Goodfriend, Elijah; Chow, Fotini Katopodes] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vanella, Marcos; Balaras, Elias] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Goodfriend, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, M-S 50A1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM egoodfriend@lbl.gov FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBET-933642]; Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship; NSF; NASA/AISR project [NNG04GP79G] FX We are grateful for support from National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant CBET-933642 (Fluid Dynamics Program). Funding for the first author was also provided by a Department of Defense National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship. Acknowledgement is also made to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is sponsored by NSF, for computing time used in this research. The PARAMESH software used in this work was developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Drexel University under NASA's HPCC and ESTO/CT projects and under Grant NNG04GP79G from the NASA/AISR project. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 143 IS 8 BP 3310 EP 3326 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00392.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CO9EZ UT WOS:000359476900019 ER PT J AU Sautter, V Toplis, MJ Wiens, RC Cousin, A Fabre, C Gasnault, O Maurice, S Forni, O Lasue, J Ollila, A Bridges, JC Mangold, N Le Mouelic, S Fisk, M Meslin, PY Beck, P Pinet, P Le Deit, L Rapin, W Stolper, EM Newsom, H Dyar, D Lanza, N Vaniman, D Clegg, S Wray, JJ AF Sautter, V. Toplis, M. J. Wiens, R. C. Cousin, A. Fabre, C. Gasnault, O. Maurice, S. Forni, O. Lasue, J. Ollila, A. Bridges, J. C. Mangold, N. Le Mouelic, S. Fisk, M. Meslin, P. -Y. Beck, P. Pinet, P. Le Deit, L. Rapin, W. Stolper, E. M. Newsom, H. Dyar, D. Lanza, N. Vaniman, D. Clegg, S. Wray, J. J. TI In situ evidence for continental crust on early Mars SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE; CURIOSITY ROVER; MARTIAN CRUST; GALE CRATER; ROCKS; DIVERSITY; METEORITE; TARGETS; ORIGIN; UNIT AB Understanding of the geologic evolution of Mars has been greatly improved by recent orbital(1-3), in situ(4,5) and meteorite(6-8) data, but insights into the earliest period of Martian magmatism (4.1 to 3.7 billion years ago) remain scarce(9). The landing site of NASA's Curiosity rover, Gale crater, which formed 3.61 billion years ago(10) within older terrain(11), provides a window into this earliest igneous history. Along its traverse, Curiosity has discovered light-toned rocks that contrast with basaltic samples found in younger regions(12). Here we present geochemical data and images of 22 specimens analysed by Curiosity that demonstrate that these light-toned materials are feldspar-rich magmatic rocks. The rocks belong to two distinct geochemical types: alkaline compositions containing up to 67 wt% SiO2 and 14 wt% total alkalis (Na2O + K2O) with fine-grained to porphyritic textures on the one hand, and coarser-grained textures consistent with quartz diorite and granodiorite on the other hand. Our analysis reveals unexpected magmatic diversity and the widespread presence of silica- and feldspar-rich materials in the vicinity of the landing site at Gale crater. Combined with the identification of feldspar-rich rocks elsewhere(9,13,14) and the low average density of the crust in the Martian southern hemisphere(15), we conclude that silica-rich magmatic rocks may constitute a significant fraction of ancient Martian crust and may be analogous to the earliest continental crust on Earth. C1 [Sautter, V.] Museum Hist Nat, IMPMC, F-75005 Paris, France. [Toplis, M. J.; Cousin, A.; Gasnault, O.; Maurice, S.; Forni, O.; Lasue, J.; Meslin, P. -Y.; Pinet, P.; Rapin, W.] IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Wiens, R. C.; Lanza, N.; Clegg, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fabre, C.] GeoRessources Univ Lorraine, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Ollila, A.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Houston, TX 77056 USA. [Bridges, J. C.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Mangold, N.; Le Deit, L.] LPG, F-44322 Nantes, France. [Le Mouelic, S.] Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fisk, M.; Beck, P.] Inst Planetol & Astrophys, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Stolper, E. M.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Newsom, H.] Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Dyar, D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Vaniman, D.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wray, J. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sautter, V (reprint author), Museum Hist Nat, IMPMC, F-75005 Paris, France. EM vsautter@mnhn.fr RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Beck, Pierre/F-3149-2011; OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NASA's Mars Exploration Program in the US; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); NASA's Mars Exploration Program in France FX The Mars Science Laboratory team is gratefully acknowledged. We would like also to thank D. Baratoux for helpful comments on the manuscript. This research was carried out with financial support from NASA's Mars Exploration Program in the US and in France with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). NR 43 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 17 U2 57 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 605 EP + DI 10.1038/NGEO2474 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8ZQ UT WOS:000358735500012 ER PT J AU Leri, AC Mayer, LM Thornton, KR Northrup, PA Dunigan, MR Ness, KJ Gellis, AB AF Leri, Alessandra C. Mayer, Lawrence M. Thornton, Kathleen R. Northrup, Paul A. Dunigan, Marisa R. Ness, Katherine J. Gellis, Austin B. TI A marine sink for chlorine in natural organic matter SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARABIAN SEA; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CARBON FLUXES; SEDIMENT TRAP; FATTY-ACIDS; SEAWATER; OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; INTERIOR AB Chloride-the most abundant ion in sea water(1)-affects ocean salinity, and thereby seawater density and ocean circulation. Its lack of reactivity gives it an extremely long residence time(2). Other halogens are known to be incorporated into marine organic matter(3-5). However, evidence of similar transformations of seawater chloride is lacking, aside from emissions of volatile organochlorine by marine algae(6-8). Here we report high organochlorine concentrations from 180 to 700mg kg(-1) in natural particulate organic matter that settled into sediment traps at depths between 800 and 3,200m in the Arabian Sea, taken between 1994 and 1995. X-ray spectromicroscopic imaging of chlorine bonding reveals that this organochlorine exists primarily in concentrated aliphatic forms consistent with lipid chlorination, along with a more diffuse aromatic fraction. High aliphatic organochlorine in particulate material from cultured phytoplankton suggests that primary production is a source of chlorinated organic matter. We also found that particulate algal detritus can act as an organic substrate for abiotic reactions involving Fe2+, H2O2 or light that incorporate chlorine into organic matter at levels up to several grams per kilogram. We conclude that transformations of marine chloride to non-volatile organochlorine through biological and abiotic pathways represent an oceanic sink for this relatively unreactive element. C1 [Leri, Alessandra C.; Dunigan, Marisa R.; Ness, Katherine J.; Gellis, Austin B.] Marymt Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Mayer, Lawrence M.; Thornton, Kathleen R.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Northrup, Paul A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Northrup, Paul A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Leri, AC (reprint author), Marymt Manhattan Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 221 E 71st St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM aleri@mmm.edu FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award FX The authors are grateful to C. Lee of Stony Brook University for providing sediment trap samples. Use of the National Synchrotron LightSource (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. S. Khalid, N. Marinkovic and R. Tappero provided assistance at the NSLS. A.C.L. is supported by the Marymount Manhattan College Distinguished Chair award. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 44 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 8 IS 8 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.1038/NGEO2481 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA CN8ZQ UT WOS:000358735500016 ER PT J AU Buluc, A Gilbert, J Oliker, L AF Buluc, Aydin Gilbert, John Oliker, Leonid TI Special issue "Graph analysis for scientific discovery" SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Buluc, Aydin; Oliker, Leonid] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, John] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Buluc, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 EI 1872-7336 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 47 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2015.06.006 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CO5BM UT WOS:000359174600001 ER PT J AU Lu, H Halappanavar, M Kalyanaraman, A AF Lu, Hao Halappanavar, Mahantesh Kalyanaraman, Ananth TI Parallel heuristics for scalable community detection SO PARALLEL COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Community detection; Parallel graph heuristics; Graph coloring; Graph clustering AB Community detection has become a fundamental operation in numerous graph-theoretic applications. It is used to reveal natural divisions that exist within real world networks without imposing prior size or cardinality constraints on the set of communities. Despite its potential for application, there is only limited support for community detection on large-scale parallel computers, largely owing to the irregular and inherently sequential nature of the underlying heuristics. In this paper, we present parallelization heuristics for fast community detection using the Louvain method as the serial template. The Louvain method is a multi-phase, iterative heuristic for modularity optimization. Originally developed by Blondel etal. (2008), the method has become increasingly popular owing to its ability to detect high modularity community partitions in a fast and memory-efficient manner. However, the method is also inherently sequential, thereby limiting its scalability. Here, we observe certain key properties of this method that present challenges for its parallelization, and consequently propose heuristics that are designed to break the sequential barrier. For evaluation purposes, we implemented our heuristics using OpenMP multithreading, and tested them over real world graphs derived from multiple application domains (e.g., internet, citation, biological). Compared to the serial Louvain implementation, our parallel implementation is able to produce community outputs with a higher modularity for most of the inputs tested, in comparable number or fewer iterations, while providing absolute speedups of up to 16x using 32 threads. (C) 2015 The Authors and Battelle Memorial Institute. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lu, Hao; Kalyanaraman, Ananth] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Halappanavar, Mahantesh] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kalyanaraman, A (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM luhowardmark@wsu.edu; hala@pnnl.gov; ananth@eecs.wsu.edu FU DOE [DE-SC-0006516]; NSF [IIS 0916463]; Center for Adaptive Super Computing Software Multithreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the U.S. Department of Energy Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX The authors would like to thank Drs. Emilie Hogan and Daniel Chavarria for input. The research was in part supported by DOE award DE-SC-0006516, NSF award IIS 0916463, and the Center for Adaptive Super Computing Software Multithreaded Architectures (CASS-MT) at the U.S. Department of Energy Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. A preliminary version of this paper appeared in [11]. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8191 EI 1872-7336 J9 PARALLEL COMPUT JI Parallel Comput. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 47 SI SI BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.parco.2015.03.003 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CO5BM UT WOS:000359174600003 ER PT J AU Guo, LB Qiu, J Han, ZJ Ye, ZH Chen, C Liu, CJ Xin, XF Ye, CY Wang, YY Xie, HQ Wang, Y Bao, JD Tang, S Xu, J Gui, YJ Fu, F Wang, WD Zhang, XC Zhu, QH Guang, XM Wang, CZ Cui, HF Cai, DG Ge, S Tuskan, GA Yang, XH Qian, Q He, SY Wang, J Zhou, XP Fan, LJ AF Guo, Longbiao Qiu, Jie Han, Zujing Ye, Zihong Chen, Chao Liu, Chuanjun Xin, Xiufang Ye, Chu-Yu Wang, Ying-Ying Xie, Hongqing Wang, Yu Bao, Jiandong Tang, She Xu, Jie Gui, Yijie Fu, Fei Wang, Weidi Zhang, Xingchen Zhu, Qianhua Guang, Xuanmin Wang, Chongzhi Cui, Haifeng Cai, Daguang Ge, Song Tuskan, Gerald A. Yang, Xiaohan Qian, Qian He, Sheng Yang Wang, Jun Zhou, Xue-Ping Fan, Longjiang TI A host plant genome (Zizania latifolia) after a century-long endophyte infection SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE host-microbe interaction; genome; resistance gene analogs; Zizania; Jiaobai ID USTILAGO-ESCULENTA; DNA-SEQUENCES; RNA-SEQ; RICE; EVOLUTION; GENES; ANNOTATION; DIVERGENCE; PREDICTION; PHYLOGENY AB Despite the importance of host-microbe interactions in natural ecosystems, agriculture and medicine, the impact of long-term (especially decades or longer) microbial colonization on the dynamics of host genomes is not well understood. The vegetable crop Jiaobai' with enlarged edible stems was domesticated from wild Zizania latifolia (Oryzeae) approximately 2000years ago as a result of persistent infection by a fungal endophyte, Ustilago esculenta. Asexual propagation via infected rhizomes is the only means of Jiaobai production, and the Z.latifolia-endophyte complex has been maintained continuously for two centuries. Here, genomic analysis revealed that cultivated Z.latifolia has a significantly smaller repertoire of immune receptors compared with wild Z.latifolia. There are widespread gene losses/mutations and expression changes in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway in Jiaobai. These results show that continuous long-standing endophyte association can have a major effect on the evolution of the structural and transcriptomic components of the host genome. Significance Statement This study reports the genome of Jiaobai, a unique crop species domesticated from wild Zizania latifolia (Oryzeae) as a consequence of persistent infection by a fungal endophyte. Cultivated Z.latifolia (Jiaobai') has a significantly smaller repertoire of immune receptors compared with wild Z.latifolia, showing that continuous long-standing endophyte association can have a major effect on the evolution of the host genome. C1 [Guo, Longbiao; Xu, Jie; Qian, Qian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, China Natl Rice Res Inst, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Jie; Ye, Chu-Yu; Wang, Ying-Ying; Wang, Yu; Bao, Jiandong; Tang, She; Gui, Yijie; Fu, Fei; Wang, Weidi; Zhang, Xingchen; Fan, Longjiang] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Agron, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Jie; Ye, Chu-Yu; Wang, Ying-Ying; Wang, Yu; Bao, Jiandong; Tang, She; Gui, Yijie; Fu, Fei; Wang, Weidi; Zhang, Xingchen; Fan, Longjiang] Zhejiang Univ, Zhejiang Key Lab Crop Germplasm Resources, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Han, Zujing; Chen, Chao; Liu, Chuanjun; Xie, Hongqing; Zhu, Qianhua; Guang, Xuanmin; Wang, Chongzhi; Wang, Jun] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. [Ye, Zihong; Cui, Haifeng] China Jiliang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Xin, Xiufang; He, Sheng Yang] Michigan State Univ, Dept Energy Plant Res Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, E Lansing, MI 48864 USA. [Xin, Xiufang; He, Sheng Yang] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48864 USA. [Cai, Daguang] Univ Kiel, Dept Mol Phytopathol, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. [Ge, Song] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Tuskan, Gerald A.; Yang, Xiaohan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhou, Xue-Ping] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Wang, J (reprint author), BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. EM wangj@genomics.org.cn; zzhou@zju.edu.cn; fanlj@zju.edu.cn RI gui, yijiegui@zju.edu.cn/C-9375-2013; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Yang, Xiaohan/A-6975-2011; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016; OI gui, yijiegui@zju.edu.cn/0000-0002-9201-5212; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Yang, Xiaohan/0000-0001-5207-4210; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874; Bao, Jiandong/0000-0003-3423-5118; Wang, Zonghua/0000-0002-0869-9683; Wang, Chongzhi/0000-0003-1494-2552 FU State Key Lab of Rice Biology of China; Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm Resources; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31000357, 30921140408]; National Science and Technology Ministry of China [2012BAD27B01] FX The Jiaobai cultivar 'Zhejiao2' was kindly provided by Deping Guo and the authors thank Michael Timko for critical reading. This work was supported by State Key Lab of Rice Biology of China, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm Resources, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000357 and 30921140408), and the National Science and Technology Ministry of China (2012BAD27B01). NR 49 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 13 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 83 IS 4 BP 600 EP 609 DI 10.1111/tpj.12912 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CO7QQ UT WOS:000359356300003 PM 26072920 ER PT J AU Baker, ES Burnum-Johnson, KE Ibrahim, YM Orton, DJ Monroe, ME Kelly, RT Moore, RJ Zhang, X Theberge, R Costello, CE Smith, RD AF Baker, Erin Shammel Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E. Ibrahim, Yehia M. Orton, Daniel J. Monroe, Matthew E. Kelly, Ryan T. Moore, Ronald J. Zhang, Xing Theberge, Roger Costello, Catherine E. Smith, Richard D. TI Enhancing bottom-up and top-down proteomic measurements with ion mobility separations SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ion mobility separations; Ion mobility spectrometry; Mass spectrometry; Proteomics ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; BIOMARKER DISCOVERY; PROTEIN BIOMARKERS; TIME; THROUGHPUT; PLASMA; TRANSTHYRETIN; COMPLEXES; PIPELINE AB Proteomic measurements with greater throughput, sensitivity, and structural information are essential for improving both in-depth characterization of complex mixtures and targeted studies. While LC separation coupled with MS (LC-MS) measurements have provided information on thousands of proteins in different sample types, the introduction of a separation stage that provides further component resolution and rapid structural information has many benefits in proteomic analyses. Technical advances in ion transmission and data acquisition have made ion mobility separations an opportune technology to be easily and effectively incorporated into LC-MS proteomic measurements for enhancing their information content. Herein, we report on applications illustrating increased sensitivity, throughput, and structural information by utilizing IMS-MS and LC-IMS-MS measurements for both bottom-up and top-down proteomics measurements. C1 [Baker, Erin Shammel; Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E.; Ibrahim, Yehia M.; Orton, Daniel J.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Moore, Ronald J.; Zhang, Xing; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kelly, Ryan T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Theberge, Roger; Costello, Catherine E.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Biomed Mass Spectrometry, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Burnum, Kristin/B-1308-2011; Kelly, Ryan/B-2999-2008 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Burnum, Kristin/0000-0002-2722-4149; Kelly, Ryan/0000-0002-3339-4443 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the NIH [R01ES022190]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41 GM103493, P41 GM104603]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research Genome Sciences Program under Pan-omics program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL0 1830] FX Portions of this research were supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the NIH (R01ES022190), National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P41 GM103493 and P41 GM104603), the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research Genome Sciences Program under the Pan-omics program. This work was performed in the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a DOE national scientific user facility at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL0 1830. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1615-9853 EI 1615-9861 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD AUG PY 2015 VL 15 IS 16 SI SI BP 2766 EP 2776 DI 10.1002/pmic.201500048 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA CO7XG UT WOS:000359376300005 PM 26046661 ER PT J AU Wu, X Aviquzzaman, M Lin, ZH AF Wu, Xing Aviquzzaman, Md. Lin, Zhenhong TI Analysis of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles' utility factors using GPS-based longitudinal travel data SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; Utility factor; GPS-based travel data; Home-to-home tour ID CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE; VARIABILITY AB The benefit of using a PHEV comes from its ability to substitute gasoline with electricity in operation. Defined as the proportion of distance traveled in the electric mode, the utility factor (UF) depends mostly on the battery capacity, but also on many other factors, such as travel pattern and recharging pattern. Conventionally, the UFs are calculated based on the daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) by assuming motorists leave home in the morning with a full battery, and no charge occurs before returning home in the evening. Such an assumption, however, ignores the impact of the heterogeneity in both travel and charging behavior, such as going back home more than once in a day, the impact of available charging time, and the price of gasoline and electricity. Moreover, the conventional UFs are based on the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, which are one-day travel data of each sample vehicle. A motorist's daily travel distance variation is ignored. This paper employs the GPS-based longitudinal travel data (covering 3-18 months) collected from 403 vehicles in the Seattle metropolitan area to investigate how such travel and charging behavior affects UFs. To do this, for each vehicle, we organized trips to a series of home and work related tours. The UFs based on the DVMT are found close to those based on home-to-home tours. On the other hand, it is seen that the workplace charge opportunities significantly increase UFs if the CD range is no more than 40 miles. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Xing; Aviquzzaman, Md.] Lamar Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Lin, Zhenhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Wu, X (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 10024, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM xing.wu@lamar.edu RI Wu, Xing/O-6117-2016 OI Wu, Xing/0000-0002-0514-3292 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory [237130]; Lamar University [420212] FX The authors appreciate the comments and suggestions from three anonymous reviewers. The authors also would like to thank Lauren Combs from Lamar University for her great help in editing and proofreading this paper. This research is sponsored by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Subcontract 237130 and the Lamar University 2013 Research Enhancement Grant 420212. The authors resume sole responsibilities for the content expressed. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-090X J9 TRANSPORT RES C-EMER JI Transp. Res. Pt. C-Emerg. Technol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 57 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.trc.2015.05.008 PG 12 WC Transportation Science & Technology SC Transportation GA CO5BZ UT WOS:000359175900001 ER PT J AU Briquez, PS Hubbell, JA Martino, MM AF Briquez, Priscilla S. Hubbell, Jeffrey A. Martino, Mikael M. TI Extracellular Matrix-Inspired Growth Factor Delivery Systems for Skin Wound Healing SO ADVANCES IN WOUND CARE LA English DT Review ID FACTOR-BINDING DOMAIN; DIABETIC FOOT; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FACTOR RECEPTORS; DRUG-DELIVERY; FIBRONECTIN; INTEGRIN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; MORPHOGENESIS; BIOMATERIALS AB Significance: Growth factors are very promising molecules for the treatment of skin wounds. However, their translation to clinical use has been seriously limited, facing issues related to safety and cost-effectiveness. These problems may derive from the fact that growth factors are used at vastly supra-physiological levels without optimized delivery systems. Recent Advances: The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in coordinating growth factor signaling. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which the ECM modulates growth factor activity is key for designing efficient growth factor-based therapies. Recently, several growth factor-binding domains have been discovered within various ECM proteins, and growth factor delivery systems integrating these ECM growth factor-binding domains showed promising results in animal models of skin wound healing. Moreover, a novel strategy consisting of engineering growth factors to target endogenous ECM could substantially enhance their efficacy, even when used at low doses. Critical Issues: Optimal delivery of growth factors often requires complex engineered biomaterial matrices, which can face regulatory issues for clinical translation. To simplify delivery systems and render strategies more applicable, growth factors can be engineered to optimally function with clinically approved biomaterials or with endogenous ECM present at the delivery site. Future Directions: Further development and clinical trials will reveal whether growth factor-based therapies can be used as main therapeutic approaches for skin wound healing. The future impact of these therapies will depend on our capacity to deliver growth factors more precisely, to improve efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. C1 [Briquez, Priscilla S.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Life Sci, Inst Bioengn, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Briquez, Priscilla S.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Martino, Mikael M.] Osaka Univ, World Premier Int Immunol Frontier Res Ctr, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RP Martino, MM (reprint author), Osaka Univ, World Premier Int Immunol Frontier Res Ctr, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM jhubbell@uchicago.edu; mmartino@ifrec.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Martino, Mikael/N-9345-2013 OI Martino, Mikael/0000-0002-5012-4605 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 19 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 2162-1918 EI 2162-1934 J9 ADV WOUND CARE JI Adv. Wound Care PD AUG PY 2015 VL 4 IS 8 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1089/wound.2014.0603 PG 11 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA CL8YW UT WOS:000357261900005 ER PT J AU Li, W Quina, L Turner, EE Visel, A Cox, TC AF Li, W. Quina, L. Turner, E. E. Visel, A. Cox, T. C. TI COMMON PHENOTYPES IN MULTIPLE SPECIES IDENTIFIES AN HMX1 ENHANCER IMPORTANT FOR LATERAL FACIAL DEVELOPMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 35th Annual David W Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis CY JUL 25-30, 2014 CL Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI HO Univ Wisconsin C1 [Li, W.; Cox, T. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Oral Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Turner, E. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cox, T. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Pediat Craniofacial Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Quina, L.; Turner, E. E.] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Integrat Brain Res, Seattle, WA USA. [Visel, A.] Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Dev Biol & Regenerat Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Visel, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4825 EI 1552-4833 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD AUG PY 2015 VL 167 IS 8 BP 1698 EP 1698 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA CN7ER UT WOS:000358597400035 ER PT J AU Kong, BY Duncan, FE Que, EL Xu, YM Vogt, S O'Halloran, TV Woodruff, TK AF Kong, Betty Y. Duncan, Francesca E. Que, Emily L. Xu, Yuanming Vogt, Stefan O'Halloran, Thomas V. Woodruff, Teresa K. TI The inorganic anatomy of the mammalian preimplantation embryo and the requirement of zinc during the first mitotic divisions SO DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE preimplantation embryo; zinc; mitosis ID TO-ZYGOTIC TRANSITION; MOUSE EMBRYO; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; OOCYTE MATURATION; METAL-COMPLEXES; IN-VITRO; APOPTOSIS; COPPER; FERTILIZATION AB Background: Zinc is the most abundant transition metal in the mammalian oocyte, and dynamic fluxes in intracellular concentration are essential for regulating both meiotic progression and fertilization. Whether the defined pathways of zinc utilization in female meiosis directly translate to mitotic cells, including the mammalian preimplantation embryo, has not been studied previously.Results: We determined that zinc is the most abundant transition metal in the preimplantation embryo, with levels an order of magnitude higher than those of iron or copper. Using a zinc-specific fluorescent probe, we demonstrated that labile zinc is distributed in vesicle-like structures in the cortex of cells at all stages of preimplantation embryo development. To test the importance of zinc during this period, we induced zinc insufficiency using the heavy metal chelator N,N,N,N-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine (TPEN). Incubation of embryos in media containing TPEN resulted in a developmental arrest that was specific to zinc chelation and associated with compromised mitotic parameters. The developmental arrest due to zinc insufficiency was associated with altered chromatin structure in the blastomere nuclei and decreased global transcription.Conclusions: These results demonstrate for the first time that the preimplantation embryo requires tight zinc regulation and homeostasis for the initial mitotic divisions of life. Developmental Dynamics 244:935-947, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kong, Betty Y.; Duncan, Francesca E.; Xu, Yuanming; Woodruff, Teresa K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Que, Emily L.; O'Halloran, Thomas V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL USA. [Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [O'Halloran, Thomas V.; Woodruff, Teresa K.] Dept Mol Biosci, Evanston, IL USA. RP Woodruff, TK (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 303 East Super St,Lurie 10-121, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM t-ohalloran@northwestern.edu; tkw@northwestern.edu RI Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU National Institutes of Health [P01 HD021921, GM038784]; W. M. Keck Foundation FX Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Grant numbers: P01 HD021921 and GM038784; Grant sponsor: W. M. Keck Foundation. Betty Y. Kong and Francesca E. Duncan contributed equally to the manuscript. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1058-8388 EI 1097-0177 J9 DEV DYNAM JI Dev. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 244 IS 8 BP 935 EP 947 DI 10.1002/dvdy.24285 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Developmental Biology GA CN8XB UT WOS:000358727900003 PM 25903945 ER PT J AU Lipson, DA Raab, TK Parker, M Kelley, ST Brislawn, CJ Jansson, J AF Lipson, David A. Raab, Theodore K. Parker, Melanie Kelley, Scott T. Brislawn, Colin J. Jansson, Janet TI Changes in microbial communities along redox gradients in polygonized Arctic wet tundra soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE LAYER; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; BOREAL FOREST; ORGANIC-CARBON; COASTAL-PLAIN; PLANT TRAITS; PERMAFROST; DIVERSITY; VEGETATION; LANDSCAPE AB This study investigated how microbial community structure and diversity varied with depth and topography in ice wedge polygons of wet tundra of the Arctic Coastal Plain in northern Alaska and what soil variables explain these patterns. We observed strong changes in community structure and diversity with depth, and more subtle changes between areas of high and low topography, with the largest differences apparent near the soil surface. These patterns are most strongly correlated with redox gradients (measured using the ratio of reduced Fe to total Fe in acid extracts as a proxy): conditions grew more reducing with depth and were most oxidized in shallow regions of polygon rims. Organic matter and pH also changed with depth and topography but were less effective predictors of the microbial community structure and relative abundance of specific taxa. Of all other measured variables, lactic acid concentration was the best, in combination with redox, for describing the microbial community. We conclude that redox conditions are the dominant force in shaping microbial communities in this landscape. Oxygen and other electron acceptors allowed for the greatest diversity of microbes: at depth the community was reduced to a simpler core of anaerobes, dominated by fermenters (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes). C1 [Lipson, David A.; Parker, Melanie; Kelley, Scott T.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Raab, Theodore K.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brislawn, Colin J.; Jansson, Janet] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lipson, DA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM dlipson@mail.sdsu.edu OI Raab, Theodore K./0000-0002-3965-8729; Brislawn, Colin/0000-0002-9109-1950 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0808604, 1204263]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Sample processing, sequencing and core amplicon data analysis were performed by the Earth Microbiome Project (www.earthmicrobiome.org). Thanks to CH2M HILL Polar Services (CPS) for logistical support, Archana Srinivas for field assistance. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants 0808604 and 1204263, and partly funded by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1758-2229 J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 7 IS 4 BP 649 EP 657 DI 10.1111/1758-2229.12301 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA CN5XM UT WOS:000358506800007 PM 26034016 ER PT J AU Ghimire, B Williams, CA Collatz, GJ Vanderhoof, M Rogan, J Kulakowski, D Masek, JG AF Ghimire, Bardan Williams, Christopher A. Collatz, G. James Vanderhoof, Melanie Rogan, John Kulakowski, Dominik Masek, Jeffrey G. TI Large carbon release legacy from bark beetle outbreaks across Western United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bark beetle; biogeochemistry; carbon cycle; disturbances; forests ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; LODGEPOLE PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TREE MORTALITY; WOODY DEBRIS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FOREST INVENTORY; BOREAL FOREST; CANADA; FIRE AB Warmer conditions over the past two decades have contributed to rapid expansion of bark beetle outbreaks killing millions of trees over a large fraction of western United States (US) forests. These outbreaks reduce plant productivity by killing trees and transfer carbon from live to dead pools where carbon is slowly emitted to the atmosphere via heterotrophic respiration which subsequently feeds back to climate change. Recent studies have begun to examine the local impacts of bark beetle outbreaks in individual stands, but the full regional carbon consequences remain undocumented for the western US. In this study, we quantify the regional carbon impacts of the bark beetle outbreaks taking place in western US forests. The work relies on a combination of postdisturbance forest regrowth trajectories derived from forest inventory data and a process-based carbon cycle model tracking decomposition, as well as aerial detection survey (ADS) data documenting the regional extent and severity of recent outbreaks. We find that biomass killed by bark beetle attacks across beetle-affected areas in western US forests from 2000 to 2009 ranges from 5 to 15TgCyr(-1) and caused a reduction of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of about 6.1-9.3TgCy(-1) by 2009. Uncertainties result largely from a lack of detailed surveys of the extent and severity of outbreaks, calling out a need for improved characterization across western US forests. The carbon flux legacy of 2000-2009 outbreaks will continue decades into the future (e.g., 2040-2060) as committed emissions from heterotrophic respiration of beetle-killed biomass are balanced by forest regrowth and accumulation. C1 [Ghimire, Bardan; Williams, Christopher A.; Vanderhoof, Melanie; Rogan, John; Kulakowski, Dominik] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Ghimire, Bardan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Collatz, G. James; Masek, Jeffrey G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Ghimire, B (reprint author), Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM bghimire@lbl.gov RI Masek, Jeffrey/D-7673-2012; collatz, george/D-5381-2012 FU NASA Terrestrial Ecology program [NNX10AR68G]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) [11-Earth11F-134, 12-Earth12R-59] FX B.G., C.A.W., G.J.C., and J.M. thank the NASA Terrestrial Ecology program for financial support under grant NNX10AR68G. Additionally, M.V. received financial support from the 2011-2013 NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship (NESSF) (11-Earth11F-134 and 12-Earth12R-59). NR 67 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 14 U2 49 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3087 EP 3101 DI 10.1111/gcb.12933 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN5QU UT WOS:000358485200023 PM 25826244 ER PT J AU Dimitrovski, A Li, Z Ozpineci, B AF Dimitrovski, Aleksandar Li, Zhi Ozpineci, Burak TI Magnetic Amplifier-Based Power-Flow Controller SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Magnetic amplifier; power electronics; power-flow controller; saturable-core reactor AB The concept of the magnetic amplifier, a common electromagnetic device in electronic applications in the past, has seldom been used in power systems. The magnetic amplifier-based power-flow controller (MAPFC), an innovative low-cost device that adopts the idea of the magnetic amplifier for power-flow control applications, is introduced in this paper. The uniqueness of MAPFC is in the use of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic core, shared by an ac and a dc winding, as the medium to control the ac winding reactance inserted in series with the transmission line to be controlled. Large power flow in the line can be regulated by the small dc input to the dc winding. A project on the R&D of an MAPFC has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and conducted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the University of Tennessee-Knoxville, and Waukesha Electric Systems, Inc. since early 2012. Findings from the project are presented along with some results obtained in a laboratory environment. C1 [Dimitrovski, Aleksandar; Li, Zhi; Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Elect Syst Res Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dimitrovski, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Elect Syst Res Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM aleksandar@ieee.org; liz2@ornl.gov; burak@ornl.gov RI Dimitrovski, Aleksandar/G-5897-2016; OI Dimitrovski, Aleksandar/0000-0001-9109-621X; Ozpineci, Burak/0000-0002-1672-3348 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript or allow others to do so, for the U.S. Government. Paper no. TPWRD-00099-2014. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8977 EI 1937-4208 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1708 EP 1714 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2400137 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CN5WQ UT WOS:000358503900008 ER PT J AU Porter, ML Plampin, M Pawar, R Illangasekare, T AF Porter, Mark L. Plampin, Michael Pawar, Rajesh Illangasekare, Tissa TI CO2 leakage in shallow aquifers: A benchmark modeling study of CO2 gas evolution in heterogeneous porous media SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; CO2 leakage; Exsolution; Multiphase flow; FEHM ID SOLUTE DIFFUSION; BUBBLE-GROWTH; SUBSURFACE; SATURATION; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT; WATER; FLOW; OIL; SITES AB The physicochemical processes associated with CO2 leakage into shallow aquifer systems are complex and span multiple spatial and time scales. Continuum-scale numerical models that faithfully represent the underlying pore-scale physics are required to predict the long-term behavior and aid in risk analysis regarding regulatory and management decisions. This study focuses on benchmarking the numerical simulator, FEHM, with intermediate-scale column experiments of CO2 gas evolution in homogeneous and heterogeneous sand configurations. Inverse modeling was conducted to calibrate model parameters and determine model sensitivity to the observed steady-state saturation profiles. It is shown that FEHM is a powerful tool that is capable of capturing the experimentally observed outflow rates and saturation profiles. Moreover, FEHM captures the transition from single- to multi-phase flow and CO2 gas accumulation at interfaces separating sands. We also derive a simple expression, based on Darcy's law, for the pressure at which CO2 free phase gas is observed and show that it reliably predicts the location at which single-phase flow transitions to multi-phase flow. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Porter, Mark L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Syst Observat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Plampin, Michael; Illangasekare, Tissa] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Expt Study Subsurface Environm Proc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pawar, Rajesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Porter, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Syst Observat, EES-14, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM porterma@lanl.gov RI Porter, Mark/B-4417-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy's CO2 Sequestration RD program FX This work was funded by U.S. Department of Energy's CO2 Sequestration R&D program and managed by National Energy Technology Laboratory. The experiments were performed at the Center for experimental study of subsurface environmental processes (CESEP) at Colorado School of Mines. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 EI 1878-0148 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD AUG PY 2015 VL 39 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.04.017 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CN7PS UT WOS:000358627100005 ER PT J AU Figueiredo, B Tsang, CF Rutqvist, J Bensabat, J Niemi, A AF Figueiredo, Bruno Tsang, Chin-Fu Rutqvist, Jonny Bensabat, Jac Niemi, Auli TI Coupled hydro-mechanical processes and fault reactivation induced by Co-2 Injection in a three-layer storage formation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide CO2; Equivalent and three-layer storage formation; Fault reactivation; Hydro-mechanical effects ID INDUCED SEISMICITY; CO2 INJECTION; FLUID-FLOW; DENVER EARTHQUAKES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RESERVOIR; STRESS; PRESSURE; CAPROCK; PERMEABILITY AB The interaction between mechanical deformation and fluid flow in fault zones gives rise to a host of coupled hydro-mechanical processes fundamental to fault instability, induced seismicity, and associated fluid migration. Fault stability is studied in the context of the Heletz site which was chosen as a test site for CO2 injection experiment in the framework of the EU-MUSTANG project. The potential reservoir for CO2 storage at the Heletz site consists of three sandstone layers that are approximately one, two and nine meters in thickness, separated by impermeable shale layers of various thicknesses, and overlaid by a five-meter limestone and a thick impermeable shale, which serves as caprock. The storage formation is intersected by two pre-existing sub-vertical normal faults (F1 and F2) on two opposite sides of the injection point. A hydro-mechanical model was developed to study the interaction between mechanical deformation and fluid flow in the two faults during CO2 injection and storage. We evaluate the consequences caused by potential fault reactivation, namely, the fault slip and the CO2 leakage through the caprock. The difference in the results obtained by considering the three-layer storage formation as an equivalent single-layer storage formation is analysed. It was found that for the two cases the pore pressure evolution is similar, but the differences in the evolution of CO2 saturation are significant, which is attributed to the differences in CO2 spread in a single and three-layer storage. No fault reactivation was observed in either case. A sensitivity analysis was made to study the influence of the fault dip angle, the ratio between the horizontal and vertical stresses, the offset of the layers across fault F2, the initial permeability of the fault and the permeability of the confinement formations. Results show that reactivation of faults Fl and F2 is most sensitive to the stress ratio, the initial permeability of the faults and the permeability of the confinement formations. The offset of the layers across the fault F2 was also found to be an important parameter, mainly because an offset leads to an increase in CO2 leakage. Changes in permeability were found to be small because plastic shear strains induced by the reactivation of the faults and associated increase in volumetric strains and permeability, occur mainly in a fault section of only 10 m length, which is the approximate total thickness of the storage layers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Figueiredo, Bruno; Tsang, Chin-Fu; Niemi, Auli] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Tsang, Chin-Fu; Rutqvist, Jonny] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bensabat, Jac] Environm & Water Resources Engn Ltd, Haifa, Israel. RP Figueiredo, B (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Villavagen 16, Uppsala, Sweden. EM bruno.figueiredo@geo.uu.se RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015; Figueiredo, Bruno/L-4611-2016 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785; FU EU project [282, 290]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the EU project, grant number 282,290, for providing financial support to research reported in this paper. Additional support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 EI 1878-0148 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD AUG PY 2015 VL 39 BP 432 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.06.008 PG 17 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CN7PS UT WOS:000358627100038 ER PT J AU Bennett, KE Cannon, AJ Hinzman, L AF Bennett, K. E. Cannon, A. J. Hinzman, L. TI Historical trends and extremes in boreal Alaska river basins SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Extreme events; Streamflow; Trends; GEV; Boreal; Alaska ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; DENSITY-ESTIMATION NETWORK; ARCTIC ALASKA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STREAMFLOW VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CHANGING CLIMATE; MASS-BALANCE; CANADA AB Climate change will shift the frequency, intensity, duration and persistence of extreme hydroclimate events and have particularly disastrous consequences in vulnerable systems such as the warm permafrost-dominated Interior region of boreal Alaska. This work focuses on recent research results from nonparametric trends and nonstationary generalized extreme value (GEV) analyses at eight Interior Alaskan river basins for the past 50/60 years (1954/64-2013). Trends analysis of maximum and minimum streamflow indicates a strong (>+50%) and statistically significant increase in 11-day flow events during the late fall/winter and during the snowmelt period (late April/mid-May), followed by a significant decrease in the 11-day flow events during the post-snowmelt period (late May and into the summer). The April-May-June seasonal trends show significant decreases in maximum streamflow for snowmelt dominated systems (<-50%) and glacially influenced basins (-24% to 33%). Annual maximum streamflow trends indicate that most systems are experiencing declines, while minimum flow trends are largely increasing. Nonstationary GEV analysis identifies time-dependent changes in the distribution of spring extremes for snowmelt dominated and glacially dominated systems. Temperature in spring influences the glacial and high elevation snowmelt systems and winter precipitation drives changes in the snowmelt dominated basins. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation was associated with changes occurring in snowmelt dominated systems, and the Arctic Oscillation was linked to one lake dominated basin, with half of the basins exhibiting no change in response to climate variability. The work indicates that broad scale studies examining trend and direction of change should employ multiple methods across various scales and consider regime dependent shifts to identify and understand changes in extreme streamflow within boreal forested watersheds of Alaska. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bennett, K. E.; Hinzman, L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cannon, A. J.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Bennett, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kbennett@lanl.gov FU United States Geological Survey's Alaska Climate Science Center [GIOAC00588]; National Science and Engineering Council of Canada FX The work conducted for this research was supported by Grant/Cooperative Agreement Number GIOAC00588 from the United States Geological Survey's Alaska Climate Science Center and the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the USGS. This paper benefited greatly from the review of Markus Schnorbus at the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium. The authors also wish to thank the Arctic Region Supercomputer Center for the use of their supercomputer PACMAN for this project. NR 98 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 527 BP 590 EP 607 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.04.065 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA CN7QM UT WOS:000358629100051 ER PT J AU Cournia, Z Allen, TW Andricioaei, I Antonny, B Baum, D Brannigan, G Buchete, NV Deckman, JT Delemotte, L del Val, C Friedman, R Gkeka, P Hege, HC Henin, J Kasimova, MA Kolocouris, A Klein, ML Khalid, S Lemieux, MJ Lindow, N Roy, M Selent, J Tarek, M Tofoleanu, F Vanni, S Urban, S Wales, DJ Smith, JC Bondar, AN AF Cournia, Zoe Allen, Toby W. Andricioaei, Ioan Antonny, Bruno Baum, Daniel Brannigan, Grace Buchete, Nicolae-Viorel Deckman, Jason T. Delemotte, Lucie del Val, Coral Friedman, Ran Gkeka, Paraskevi Hege, Hans-Christian Henin, Jerome Kasimova, Marina A. Kolocouris, Antonios Klein, Michael L. Khalid, Syma Lemieux, M. Joanne Lindow, Norbert Roy, Mahua Selent, Jana Tarek, Mounir Tofoleanu, Florentina Vanni, Stefano Urban, Sinisa Wales, David J. Smith, Jeremy C. Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta TI Membrane Protein Structure, Function, and Dynamics: a Perspective from Experiments and Theory SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Membrane proteins; Lipids; Protein structure; Protein function; Protein dynamics; Membrane-mediated interactions ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GATED SODIUM-CHANNEL; FAMILY INTRAMEMBRANE PROTEASE; MARMORATA ELECTRIC ORGAN; M2 PROTON CHANNEL; GABA-A RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POTASSIUM CHANNELS AB Membrane proteins mediate processes that are fundamental for the flourishing of biological cells. Membrane-embedded transporters move ions and larger solutes across membranes; receptors mediate communication between the cell and its environment and membrane-embedded enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. Understanding these mechanisms of action requires knowledge of how the proteins couple to their fluid, hydrated lipid membrane environment. We present here current studies in computational and experimental membrane protein biophysics, and show how they address outstanding challenges in understanding the complex environmental effects on the structure, function, and dynamics of membrane proteins. C1 [Cournia, Zoe; Gkeka, Paraskevi] Acad Athens, Biomed Res Fdn, Athens 11527, Greece. [Allen, Toby W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Allen, Toby W.] RMIT Univ, Sch Appl Sci & Hlth Innovat Res Inst, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Andricioaei, Ioan; Deckman, Jason T.; Roy, Mahua] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Antonny, Bruno; Vanni, Stefano] Univ Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inst Pharmacol Mol & Cellulaire, F-06560 Nice, France. [Antonny, Bruno; Vanni, Stefano] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, UMR 7275, F-06560 Nice, France. [Baum, Daniel; Hege, Hans-Christian; Lindow, Norbert] Zuse Inst Berlin, Dept Visual Data Anal, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Brannigan, Grace] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Computat & Integrat Biol, Camden, NJ USA. [Buchete, Nicolae-Viorel; Tofoleanu, Florentina] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Buchete, Nicolae-Viorel; Tofoleanu, Florentina] Univ Coll Dublin, Complex & Adapt Syst Lab, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Delemotte, Lucie; Klein, Michael L.] Temple Univ, Inst Computat & Mol Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [del Val, Coral] Univ Granada, Dept Artificial Intelligence, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Friedman, Ran] Linnaeus Univ, Dept Chem & Biomed Sci, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Friedman, Ran] Linnaeus Univ, Ctr Biomat Chem, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Henin, Jerome] IBPC, Lab Biochim Theor, Paris, France. [Henin, Jerome] CNRS, Paris, France. [Kasimova, Marina A.; Tarek, Mounir] Univ Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Kasimova, Marina A.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Kolocouris, Antonios] Univ Athens, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Fac Pharm, Athens 15771, Greece. [Khalid, Syma] Univ Southampton, Dept Chem, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Lemieux, M. Joanne] Univ Alberta, Dept Biochem, Fac Med & Dent, Membrane Prot Dis Res Grp, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada. [Selent, Jana] Univ Pompeu Fabra, IMIM Hosp Mar Med Res Inst, Dept Expt & Hlth Sci, Res Programme Biomed Informat GRIB, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Tarek, Mounir] CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Urban, Sinisa] Johns Hopkins Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol Biol & Genet, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Wales, David J.] Univ Cambridge, Univ Chem Labs, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Smith, Jeremy C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta] Free Univ Berlin, Dept Phys, Theoret Mol Biophys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Cournia, Z (reprint author), Acad Athens, Biomed Res Fdn, 4 Soranou Ephessiou, Athens 11527, Greece. EM zcournia@bioacademy.gr; smithjc@ornl.gov; nbondar@zedat.fu-berlin.de RI Henin, Jerome/A-7080-2008; Friedman, Ran/A-1582-2008; Khalid, Syma/B-8108-2009; smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012; Vanni, Stefano/D-6414-2011; OI Buchete, Nicolae-Viorel/0000-0001-9861-1157; Cournia, Zoe/0000-0001-9287-364X; Henin, Jerome/0000-0003-2540-4098; Antonny, Bruno/0000-0002-9166-8668; Friedman, Ran/0000-0001-8696-3104; Khalid, Syma/0000-0002-3694-5044; smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227; Vanni, Stefano/0000-0003-2146-1140; Brannigan, Grace/0000-0001-8949-2694; Lemieux, Joanne/0000-0003-4745-9153 FU Centre Europeen de Calcul Atomique et Moleculaire (CECAM); NSF [CHE-0840513, MCB1052477]; Marie Curie International Reintegration Award [IRG-26920]; ARC [DP120103548]; DE Shaw Anton (NRBSC) [PSCA00061P, NIH RC2GM093307]; VLSCI [VR0200]; NCI [dd7]; ERC [268888]; Reference Framework (NSRF), National Action "Cooperation," under grant entitled "Magnetic Nanoparticles for targeted MRI therapy (NANOTHER)," [11RYM-1-1799]; European Regional Development Fund; national resources; EC under FP7 through Capacities Research Infrastructure; Virtual Research Communities [INFRA-2010-1.2.3]; Combination of Collaborative Project; Coordination and Support Actions (CP-CSA) [RI-261600]; NSF from the National Science Foundation [MCB1330728]; National Institutes of Health [PO1GM55876-14A1]; EU FP7 [PIOF-GA-2012-329534]; National Science Foundation [CNS-09-58854]; Irish Research Council; Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER [CP12/03139]; GLISTEN European Research Network FX ZC, ANB, and JCS would like to acknowledge funding from Centre Europeen de Calcul Atomique et Moleculaire (CECAM) to host the Workshop "Coupling between protein, water, and lipid dynamics in complex biological systems: Theory and Experiments" that took place in September 2013, Lausanne, Switzerland. JTD, IA, and MR used the computational resources of the Modeling Facility of the Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine funded by NSF Grant CHE-0840513 for this work. A-NB was supported in part by the Marie Curie International Reintegration Award IRG-26920 and used computing time from the North-German Supercomputing Alliance, HLRN. TWA was supported by ARC DP120103548, NSF MCB1052477, DE Shaw Anton (PSCA00061P; NRBSC, through NIH RC2GM093307), VLSCI (VR0200), and NCI (dd7). BA and SV acknowledge the support by ERC advanced Grant No. 268888. ZC and PG would like to acknowledge Reference Framework (NSRF) 2011-2013, National Action "Cooperation," under grant entitled "Magnetic Nanoparticles for targeted MRI therapy (NANOTHER)," with code "11RYM-1-1799." The program is cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund and national resources. Part of the calculations presented herein were performed using resources of the LinkSCEEM-2 project, funded by the EC under FP7 through Capacities Research Infrastructure, INFRA-2010-1.2.3 Virtual Research Communities, Combination of Collaborative Project and Coordination and Support Actions (CP-CSA) under Grant agreement no. RI-261600. GB was supported in part by NSF grant MCB1330728 from the National Science Foundation and Grant PO1GM55876-14A1 from the National Institutes of Health. LD received funding from EU FP7 (PIOF-GA-2012-329534). LD, and MLK used the computational resources of Temple University, supported by the National Science Foundation through major research instrumentation grant number CNS-09-58854. FT and NVB are grateful for financial support from the Irish Research Council, and for using the computational facilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, USA and the Irish Centre for High-End Computing (ICHEC). JS acknowledges support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER (CP12/03139) and the GLISTEN European Research Network. NR 273 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 15 U2 106 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2631 EI 1432-1424 J9 J MEMBRANE BIOL JI J. Membr. Biol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 248 IS 4 BP 611 EP 640 DI 10.1007/s00232-015-9802-0 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology GA CN4RM UT WOS:000358417900001 PM 26063070 ER PT J AU Wirth, BD Hammond, KD Krasheninnikov, SI Maroudas, D AF Wirth, Brian D. Hammond, K. D. Krasheninnikov, S. I. Maroudas, D. TI Challenges and opportunities of modeling plasma-surface interactions in tungsten using high-performance computing SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HELIUM IMPLANTED TUNGSTEN; LOW-ENERGY; INFREQUENT EVENTS; TRANSITION-METALS; FRACTAL GEOMETRY; BUBBLE FORMATION; IRRADIATION; EXPOSURE; CLUSTERS AB The performance of plasma facing components (PFCs) is critical for ITER and future magnetic fusion reactors. The ITER divertor will be tungsten, which is the primary candidate material for future reactors. Recent experiments involving tungsten exposure to low-energy helium plasmas reveal significant surface modification, including the growth of nanometer-scale tendrils of "fuzz" and formation of nanometer-sized bubbles in the near-surface region. The large span of spatial and temporal scales governing plasma surface interactions are among the challenges to modeling divertor performance. Fortunately, recent innovations in computational modeling, increasingly powerful high-performance computers, and improved experimental characterization tools provide a path toward self-consistent, experimentally validated models of PFC and divertor performance. Recent advances in understanding tungsten helium interactions are reviewed, including such processes as helium clustering, which serve as nuclei for gas bubbles; and trap mutation, dislocation loop punching and bubble bursting; which together initiate surface morphological modification. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wirth, Brian D.; Hammond, K. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wirth, Brian D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Engn Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Krasheninnikov, S. I.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Maroudas, D.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Wirth, BD (reprint author), 303 Pasqua Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bdwirth@utk.edu RI Hammond, Karl/I-3604-2012; Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Hammond, Karl/0000-0002-5424-8752; Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 FU Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program on Plasma Surface Interactions; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-SC00-08875]; Plasma-Surface Interactions Science Center; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-SC00-02060]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11231, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Partial support for this work was provided through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program on Plasma Surface Interactions, funded by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Fusion Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC00-08875. Further support for this work was provided through the Plasma-Surface Interactions Science Center, funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC00-02060.; This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF) at Argonne National Laboratory, which are supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC02-06CH11231 and DE-AC02-06CH11357, respectively.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 15 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.072 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200005 ER PT J AU Makowski, MA Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Umansky, M Elder, JD Nichols, JH Stangeby, PC Baver, DA Myra, JR AF Makowski, M. A. Lasnier, C. J. Leonard, A. W. Osborne, T. H. Umansky, M. Elder, J. D. Nichols, J. H. Stangeby, P. C. Baver, D. A. Myra, J. R. TI Models of SQL transport and their relation to scaling of the divertor heat flux width in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID EQUILIBRIA; POWER AB Strong support for the critical pressure gradient model for the heat flux width has been obtained, in that the measured separatrix pressure gradient lies below and scales similarly to the pressure gradient limit obtained from the ideal, infinite-n stability codes, BALOO and 2DX, in all cases that have been examined. Predictions of a heuristic drift model for the heat flux width are also in qualitative agreement with the measurements. These results have been obtained using an improved high rep-rate and higher edge spatial resolution Thomson scattering system on DIII-D to measure the upstream electron temperature and density profiles. In order to compare theory and experiment, profiles of density, temperature, and pressure for both electrons and ions are needed as well values of these quantities at the separatrix. A simple method to identify a proxy for the separatrix has been developed to do so. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Makowski, M. A.; Lasnier, C. J.; Umansky, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Leonard, A. W.; Osborne, T. H.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Elder, J. D.; Stangeby, P. C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Nichols, J. H.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Baver, D. A.; Myra, J. R.] Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Makowski, MA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM makowski1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698, and DE-AC02-09CH11466. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global.D3D_DMP. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.065 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200008 ER PT J AU Wang, L Guo, HY Li, J Wan, BN Gong, XZ Zhang, XD Hu, JS Liang, Y Xu, GS Zou, XL Loarte, A Maingi, R Menard, JE Luo, GN Gao, X Hu, LQ Gan, KF Liu, SC Wang, HQ Chen, R Sun, Z AF Wang, L. Guo, H. Y. Li, J. Wan, B. N. Gong, X. Z. Zhang, X. D. Hu, J. S. Liang, Y. Xu, G. S. Zou, X. L. Loarte, A. Maingi, R. Menard, J. E. Luo, G. N. Gao, X. Hu, L. Q. Gan, K. F. Liu, S. C. Wang, H. Q. Chen, R. Sun, Z. CA EAST Team TI Active control of divertor heat and particle fluxes in EAST towards advanced steady state operations SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID TOKAMAK; STABILITY; REGIME AB Significant progress has been made in EAST towards advanced steady state operations by active control of divertor heat and particle fluxes. Many innovative techniques have been developed to mitigate transient ELM and stationary heat fluxes on the divertor target plates. It has been found that lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) can lead to edge plasma ergodization, striation of the stationary heat flux and lower ELM transient heat and particle fluxes. With multi-pulse supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) to quantitatively regulate the divertor particle flux, the divertor power footprint pattern can be actively modified. H-modes have been extended over 30 s in EAST with the divertor peak heat flux and the target temperature being controlled well below 2 MW/m(2) and 250 degrees C, respectively, by integrating these new methods, coupled with advanced lithium wall conditioning and internal divertor pumping, along with an edge coherent mode to provide continuous particle and power exhaust. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, L.; Guo, H. Y.; Li, J.; Wan, B. N.; Gong, X. Z.; Zhang, X. D.; Hu, J. S.; Liang, Y.; Xu, G. S.; Luo, G. N.; Gao, X.; Hu, L. Q.; Gan, K. F.; Liu, S. C.; Wang, H. Q.; Chen, R.; Sun, Z.; EAST Team] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Wang, L.] Dalian Univ Technol, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Guo, H. Y.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Liang, Y.] Assoc EURATOM FZJ, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Zou, X. L.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Loarte, A.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Maingi, R.; Menard, J. E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), 350 Shushanhu Rd,POB 1126, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. EM lwang@ipp.ac.cn OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 FU National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China [2013GB107003, 2011GB107000, 2011GB101000, 2013GB114004]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10990212, 11321092, 11105177]; JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics (NSFC) [11261140328]; Thousand Talent Plan of China; Helmholtz Association in the frame of the Helmholtz-University Young Investors Group [VH-NG-410] FX This work was supported by National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Contract Nos. 2013GB107003, 2011GB107000, 2011GB101000 and 2013GB114004 and National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10990212, 11321092 and 11105177. This work was also partly supported by the JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics (NSFC No. 11261140328), as well as the Thousand Talent Plan of China and Helmholtz Association in the frame of the Helmholtz-University Young Investors Group VH-NG-410. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.022 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200015 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Lang, PT Allen, SL Combs, SK Commaux, N Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Huijsmans, G Jernigan, TC Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Loarte, A Maingi, R Maruyama, S Meitner, SJ Moyer, RA Osborne, TH AF Baylor, L. R. Lang, P. T. Allen, S. L. Combs, S. K. Commaux, N. Evans, T. E. Fenstermacher, M. E. Huijsmans, G. Jernigan, T. C. Lasnier, C. J. Leonard, A. W. Loarte, A. Maingi, R. Maruyama, S. Meitner, S. J. Moyer, R. A. Osborne, T. H. TI ELM mitigation with pellet ELM triggering and implications for PFCs and plasma performance in ITER SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID INJECTION; TOKAMAK; EDGE AB The triggering of rapid small edge localized modes (ELMs) by high frequency pellet injection has been proposed as a method to prevent large naturally occurring ELMs that can erode the ITER plasma facing components (PFCs). Deuterium pellet injection has been used to successfully demonstrate the on-demand triggering of edge localized modes (ELMS) at much higher rates and with much smaller intensity than natural ELMs. The proposed hypothesis for the triggering mechanism of ELMs by pellets is the local pressure perturbation resulting from reheating of the pellet cloud that can exceed the local high-n ballooning mode threshold where the pellet is injected. Nonlinear MHD simulations of the pellet ELM triggering show destabilization of high-n ballooning modes by such a local pressure perturbation. A review of the recent pellet ELM triggering results from ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), DIII-D, and JET reveals that a number of uncertainties about this ELM mitigation technique still remain. These include the heat flux impact pattern on the divertor and wall from pellet triggered and natural ELMs, the necessary pellet size and injection location to reliably trigger ELMs, and the level of fueling to be expected from ELM triggering pellets and synergy with larger fueling pellets. The implications of these issues for pellet ELM mitigation in ITER and its impact on the PFCs are presented along with the design features of the pellet injection system for ITER. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baylor, L. R.; Combs, S. K.; Commaux, N.; Jernigan, T. C.; Meitner, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Lang, P. T.] EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Allen, S. L.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Lasnier, C. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Evans, T. E.; Leonard, A. W.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Huijsmans, G.; Loarte, A.; Maruyama, S.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Maingi, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Moyer, R. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM BaylorLR@ornl.gov RI Lang, Peter/H-2507-2013 OI Lang, Peter/0000-0003-1586-8518 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-000R22725]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FG02-07ER54917] FX This work was supported by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-AC05-000R22725 and the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-FG02-07ER54917. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.070 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200016 ER PT J AU Guterl, J Smirnov, RD Krasheninnikov, SI Uberuaga, B Voter, AF Perez, D AF Guterl, J. Smirnov, R. D. Krasheninnikov, S. I. Uberuaga, B. Voter, A. F. Perez, D. TI Modeling of hydrogen desorption from tungsten surface SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID ADSORPTION; H-2 AB Hydrogen retention in metallic plasma-facing components is among key-issues for future fusion devices. For tungsten, which has been chosen as divertor material in ITER, hydrogen desorption parameters experimentally measured for fusion-related conditions show large discrepancies. In this paper, we therefore investigate hydrogen recombination and desorption on tungsten surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to analyze adsorption states, diffusion, hydrogen recombination into molecules, and clustering of hydrogen on tungsten surfaces. The quality of tungsten hydrogen interatomic potential is discussed in the light of MD simulations results, showing that three body interactions in current interatomic potential do not allow to reproduce hydrogen molecular recombination and desorption. Effects of surface hydrogen clustering on hydrogen desorption are analyzed by introducing a kinetic model describing the competition between surface diffusion, clustering and recombination. Different desorption regimes are identified and reproduce some aspects of desorption regimes experimentally observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guterl, J.; Smirnov, R. D.; Krasheninnikov, S. I.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Uberuaga, B.; Voter, A. F.; Perez, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Krasheninnikov, S. I.] Nucl Res Natl Univ MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia. RP Guterl, J (reprint author), MAE 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jguterl@ucsd.edu RI Smirnov, Roman/B-9916-2011 OI Smirnov, Roman/0000-0002-9114-5330 FU USDOE Grant [DE-FG02-04ER54739]; PSI Science Center Grant at UCSD [DE-SC0001999] FX This work is performed under the auspices of USDOE Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER54739 and the PSI Science Center Grant DE-SC0001999 at UCSD NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 263 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.086 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200048 ER PT J AU Nichols, JH Jaworski, MA Kaita, R Abrams, T Skinner, CH Stotler, DP AF Nichols, J. H. Jaworski, M. A. Kaita, R. Abrams, T. Skinner, C. H. Stotler, D. P. TI OEDGE modeling of outer wall erosion in NSTX and the effect of changes in neutral pressure SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID DIVERTOR; FUEL AB Gross erosion from the outer wall is expected to be a major source of impurities for high power fusion devices due to the low redeposition fraction. Scaling studies of sputtering from the all-carbon outer wall of NSTX are reported. It is found that wall erosion decreases with divertor plasma pressure in low/mid temperature regimes, due to increasing divertor neutral opacity. Wall erosion is found to consistently decrease with reduced recycling coefficient, with outer target recycling providing the largest contribution. Upper and lower bounds are calculated for the increase in wall erosion due to a low-field-side gas puff. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nichols, J. H.; Jaworski, M. A.; Kaita, R.; Abrams, T.; Skinner, C. H.; Stotler, D. P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Nichols, JH (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, MS30 C Site,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jnichols@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 FU US Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; US DOE Fusion Energy Sciences Fellowship FX This work has been supported by US Dept. of Energy contract DE-AC02-09CH11466. JHN and TA have been supported in part by the US DOE Fusion Energy Sciences Fellowship. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 276 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.094 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200051 ER PT J AU Dejarnac, R Stangeby, PC Goldston, RJ Gauthier, E Horacek, J Hron, M Kocan, M Komm, M Panek, R Pitts, RA Vondracek, P AF Dejarnac, R. Stangeby, P. C. Goldston, R. J. Gauthier, E. Horacek, J. Hron, M. Kocan, M. Komm, M. Panek, R. Pitts, R. A. Vondracek, P. TI Understanding narrow SOL power flux component in COMPASS limiter plasmas by use of Langmuir probes SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID THERMAL LOAD; TOKAMAK; TRANSPORT; FLOW AB The narrow scrape-off layer power component observed in COMPASS inner wall limiter circular discharges by means of IR thermography is investigated by Langmuir probes embedded in the limiter. The power flux profiles are in good agreement with IR observations and can be described by a double-exponential decay with a short decay length (<5 mm) just outside the separatrix and a longer one (similar to 50 mm) for the rest of the profile in the main scrape-off layer. Non-ambipolar currents measured at the limiter apex play a relatively modest role in the formation of the narrow component. The fraction of the deposited power due to non-ambipolarity varies between 2% and 45%. On the other hand, the measured power widths are roughly consistent in magnitude with a model that takes into account drift effects, suggesting these effects may be dominant. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dejarnac, R.; Horacek, J.; Hron, M.; Komm, M.; Panek, R.; Vondracek, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Plasma Phys, Prague 18200, Czech Republic. [Stangeby, P. C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Goldston, R. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Gauthier, E.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Kocan, M.; Pitts, R. A.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Dejarnac, R (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Plasma Phys, Slovankou 3, Prague 18200, Czech Republic. EM dejarnac@ipp.cas.cz RI Komm, Michael/C-1602-2010; Horacek, Jan/G-8301-2014; Panek, Radomir/G-7507-2014; OI Horacek, Jan/0000-0002-4276-3124; Panek, Radomir/0000-0002-6106-3422; Vondracek, Petr/0000-0003-0125-9252 FU GACR [P205/11/2341, P205/12/2327]; MSMT CR [LM2011021] FX This work was supported by the GACR Projects P205/11/2341 and P205/12/2327 and the MSMT CR project LM2011021. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.100 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200075 ER PT J AU Horacek, J Vondracek, P Panek, R Dejarnac, R Komm, M Pitts, RA Kocan, M Goldston, RJ Stangeby, PC Gauthier, E Hacek, P Havlicek, J Hron, M Imrisek, M Janky, F Seidl, J AF Horacek, J. Vondracek, P. Panek, R. Dejarnac, R. Komm, M. Pitts, R. A. Kocan, M. Goldston, R. J. Stangeby, P. C. Gauthier, E. Hacek, P. Havlicek, J. Hron, M. Imrisek, M. Janky, F. Seidl, J. TI Narrow heat flux channels in the COMPASS limiter scrape-off layer SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The ITER first wall is designed for start-up and ramp-down in limiter configuration. The wall panels are toroidally shaped in order to spread the incident parallel power flux q(parallel to) uniformly, assuming a single decay length lambda(q) whose value is not known from first principles. In order to study the scaling of q(parallel to) with plasma parameters, infra-red viewing of specially-designed limiters has been used on the COMPASS tokamak in similar to 100 discharges with scans in I-p, n(e) and for all combinations of magnetic field and I-p directions. The IR measurement clearly shows that in addition to the main SOL heat flux profile with lambda(q) > 40 mm, a steep gradient (lambda(near)(q) = 4 +/- 2 mm) dominates q(parallel to) near separatrix. This appears independently of limiter shaping, insertion with respect to neighbors and incident field-line angles. Good agreement is found between the measured lambda(near)(q) and the prediction of a heuristic drift-based model. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Horacek, J.; Vondracek, P.; Panek, R.; Dejarnac, R.; Komm, M.; Hacek, P.; Havlicek, J.; Hron, M.; Imrisek, M.; Janky, F.; Seidl, J.] Inst Plasma Phys ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic. [Vondracek, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Pitts, R. A.; Kocan, M.] ITER Org, F-613067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Goldston, R. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Stangeby, P. C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Gauthier, E.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. RP Horacek, J (reprint author), Inst Plasma Phys ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic. EM horacek@ipp.cas.cz RI Komm, Michael/C-1602-2010; Seidl, Jakub/G-3413-2014; Havlicek, Josef/G-2897-2014; Vondracek, Petr/G-6786-2014; Janky, Filip/G-9283-2014; Horacek, Jan/G-8301-2014; Panek, Radomir/G-7507-2014 OI Havlicek, Josef/0000-0002-7047-5007; Vondracek, Petr/0000-0003-0125-9252; Horacek, Jan/0000-0002-4276-3124; Panek, Radomir/0000-0002-6106-3422 FU project GA CR [P205/12/2327]; project MSMT [LM2011021]; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [633053] FX This work was supported by the projects GA CR P205/12/2327 and MSMT LM2011021. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization and of the European Commission. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.132 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200076 ER PT J AU Stangeby, PC Tsui, CK Lasnier, CJ Boedo, JA Elder, JD Kocan, M Leonard, AW McLean, AG Pitts, RA Rudakov, DL AF Stangeby, P. C. Tsui, C. K. Lasnier, C. J. Boedo, J. A. Elder, J. D. Kocan, M. Leonard, A. W. McLean, A. G. Pitts, R. A. Rudakov, D. L. TI Power deposition on the DIII-D inner wall limiter SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID TOKAMAK; TRANSPORT; PARTICLE; FLOW AB ITER will use the shaped inner column as startup/rampdown limiter. An exploratory experiment was performed in DIII-D using a similarly shaped inner wall limiter, looking for evidence of a short fall-off feature, lambda(short), near the last closed flux surface. Measurements were made on the high field side (HFS) using infrared thermography and a Langmuir swing-probe. In some cases clear evidence was found for a narrow feature lambda(short) similar to rho(D+)(pol) similar to a few mm. The ratio q(parallel to 0)(short)/q(parallel to 0)(long) was mostly between 0.1 and 0.6. Measurements made on the low field side and bottom side showed little clear indication of any narrow feature. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stangeby, P. C.; Tsui, C. K.; Elder, J. D.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Lasnier, C. J.; McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boedo, J. A.; Rudakov, D. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kocan, M.; Pitts, R. A.] ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Leonard, A. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Stangeby, PC (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM stangeby@fusion.gat.com FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FC02-04ER54698] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FG02-07ER54917, and DE-FC02-04ER54698. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion. gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.051 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200077 ER PT J AU Goldston, RJ AF Goldston, R. J. TI Theoretical aspects and practical implications of the heuristic drift SOL model SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID THERMAL LOAD; LIMITER; PLASMA AB The heuristic drift (HD) model for the tokamak power scrape-off layer width provides remarkable agreement in both absolute magnitude and scalings with the measured width of the exponential component of the heat flux at divertors targets, in low gas-puff H-Mode tokamaks. This motivates further exploration of its theoretical aspects and practical implications. The HD model requires a small non-ambipolar electron particle diffusivity similar to 10(-2) m(2)/s. It also implies large parallel heat flux in ITER and suggests that more radical approaches will be needed to handle the similar to 20 GW/m(2) parallel heat flux expected in Demo. Remarkably, the HD model is also in good agreement with recent near-SOL heat flux profiles measured in a number of limiter L-Mode experiments, implying ubiquity of the underlying mechanism. Finally, the HD model suggests that the H-Mode and more generally Greenwald density limit may be caused by MHD instability in the SOL, rather than originating in the core plasma or pedestal. If the SOL width in stellarators is set by magnetic topology rather than by drifts, this would be consistent with the absence of the Greenwald density limit in stellarators. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Goldston, RJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451-MS41, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM goldston@pppl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX The author thanks Richard Pitts for his leadership in the effort to uncover the physics of the near SOL in limiter plasmas. He also thanks A. Chankin for helpful discussions. For early access to data, the author thanks Jan Horacek, Renaud Dejamac and the COMPASS team, Peter Stangeby and the DIII-D team, Brian LaBombard and the C-MOD team, Fedorici Nespoli and the TCV team, and Gilles Arnoux and the JET team. This work supported by DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.080 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200079 ER PT J AU Watkins, JG Labombard, B Stangeby, PC Lasnier, CJ McLean, AG Nygren, RE Boedo, JA Leonard, AW Rudakov, DL AF Watkins, J. G. Labombard, B. Stangeby, P. C. Lasnier, C. J. McLean, A. G. Nygren, R. E. Boedo, J. A. Leonard, A. W. Rudakov, D. L. TI Recent sheath physics studies on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID OBLIQUE MAGNETIC-FIELD; 2-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE SIMULATION; MOUNTED LANGMUIR PROBE; DIVERTOR PLATES; TOKAMAKS AB A study to examine some current issues in the physics of the-plasma sheath has been recently carried out in DIII-D low power Ohmic plasmas using both flush and domed Langmuir probes, divertor Thomson scattering (DTS), an infrared camera (IRTV), and a new calorimeter triple probe assembly mounted on the Divertor Materials Evaluation System (DIMES). The sheath power transmission factor was found to be consistent with the theoretically predicted value of 7 ( 2) for low power plasmas. Using this factor, the three heat flux profiles derived from the LP, DTS, and calorimeter diagnostic measurements agree. Comparison of flush and domed Langmuir probes and divertor Thomson scattering indicates that proper interpretation of flush probe data to get target plate density and temperature is feasible and could potentially yield accurate measurements of target plate conditions where the probes are located. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Watkins, J. G.; Nygren, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Labombard, B.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Stangeby, P. C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Lasnier, C. J.; McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Boedo, J. A.; Rudakov, D. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leonard, A. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Watkins, JG (reprint author), Gen Atom, 13-159,POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM watkins@fusion.gat.com FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC0001961, DE-FC02-04ER54698] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under DE-AC04-94AL85000, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC0001961, and DE-FC02-04ER54698. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 436 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.109 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200088 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV Dimits, AM Joseph, I Omotani, JT Rognlien, TD AF Umansky, M. V. Dimits, A. M. Joseph, I. Omotani, J. T. Rognlien, T. D. TI Modeling of tokamak divertor plasma for weakly collisional parallel electron transport SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID NEUTRAL PARTICLE-TRANSPORT; NONLOCAL TRANSPORT; INTEGRAL TRANSPORT; HEAT-TRANSPORT; CODE AB The parallel electron heat transport in a weakly collisional regime can be represented in the framework of the Landau-fluid model (Hammett et al., 1990). Practical implementation of Landau-fluid transport has become possible due to the recent invention of an efficient non-spectral method for the non-local closure operators (Dimits et al., 2014). Here the implementation of a Landau-fluid based model for the parallel plasma transport is described, and the model is tested for different collisionality regimes against Fokker-Planck simulations. The new method appears to represent the weakly collisional electron transport more accurately than the conventional flux-limiter based models, on the other hand it is computationally efficient enough to be incorporated in comprehensive edge plasma simulations. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Umansky, M. V.; Dimits, A. M.; Joseph, I.; Rognlien, T. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Omotani, J. T.] Culham Sci Ctr, Culham Labs, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), LLNL, L-637,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM umansky1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors are grateful for useful discussions with Drs. B.D. Dudson, P.C. Stangeby, and X.Q. Xu. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 506 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.015 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200104 ER PT J AU Rapp, J Owen, LW Bonnin, X Caneses, JF Canik, JM Corr, C Lore, JD AF Rapp, J. Owen, L. W. Bonnin, X. Caneses, J. F. Canik, J. M. Corr, C. Lore, J. D. TI Transport simulations of linear plasma generators with the B2.5-Eirene and EMC3-Eirene codes SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID MAGNUM-PSI; B2-EIRENE AB Linear plasma generators are cost effective facilities to simulate divertor plasma conditions of present and future fusion reactors. The codes B2.5-Eirene and EMC3-Eirene were extensively used for design studies of the planned Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX). Effects on the target plasma of the gas fueling and pumping locations, heating power, device length, magnetic configuration and transport model were studied with B2.5-Eirene. Effects of tilted or vertical targets were calculated with EMC3-Eirene and showed that spreading the incident flux over a larger area leads to lower density, higher temperature and off-axis profile peaking in front of the target. The simulations indicate that with sufficient heating power MPEX can reach target plasma conditions that are similar to those expected in the ITER divertor. B2.5-Eirene simulations of the MAGPIE experiment have been carried out in order to establish an additional benchmark with experimental data from a linear device with helicon wave heating. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rapp, J.; Owen, L. W.; Canik, J. M.; Lore, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bonnin, X.] Univ Paris 13, LSPM CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. [Caneses, J. F.; Corr, C.] Australian Natl Univ, PRL, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Rapp, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rappj@ornl.gov OI Caneses, Juan Francisco/0000-0001-6123-2081; Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681; Rapp, Juergen/0000-0003-2785-9280; Lore, Jeremy/0000-0002-9192-465X NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 510 EP 514 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.058 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200105 ER PT J AU Lore, JD Reinke, ML LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B Churchill, RM Pitts, RA Feng, Y AF Lore, J. D. Reinke, M. L. LaBombard, B. Lipschultz, B. Churchill, R. M. Pitts, R. A. Feng, Y. TI EMC3-EIRENE modeling of toroidally-localized divertor gas injection experiments on Alcator C-Mod SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID TRANSPORT; PLASMA; CODE AB Experiments on Alcator C-Mod with toroidally and poloidally localized divertor nitrogen injection have been modeled using the three-dimensional edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE to elucidate the mechanisms driving measured toroidal asymmetries. In these experiments five toroidally distributed gas injectors in the private flux region were sequentially activated in separate discharges resulting in clear evidence of toroidal asymmetries in radiated power and nitrogen line emission as well as a similar to 50% toroidal modulation in electron pressure at the divertor target. The pressure modulation is qualitatively reproduced by the modeling, with the simulation yielding a toroidal asymmetry in the heat flow to the outer strike point. Toroidal variation in impurity line emission is qualitatively matched in the scrape-off layer above the strike point, however kinetic corrections and cross-field drifts are likely required to quantitatively reproduce impurity behavior in the private flux region and electron temperatures and densities directly in front of the target (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lore, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reinke, M. L.; Lipschultz, B.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York Plasma Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [LaBombard, B.; Churchill, R. M.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Pitts, R. A.] ITER Org, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Feng, Y.] Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, Greifswald, Germany. RP Lore, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lorejd@ornl.gov RI Lipschultz, Bruce/J-7726-2012; OI Lipschultz, Bruce/0000-0001-5968-3684; Lore, Jeremy/0000-0002-9192-465X FU U.S. Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-99ER54512] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contracts DE-AC05-00OR22725 and DE-FC02-99ER54512. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER Organization. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.053 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200106 ER PT J AU Leonard, AW Makowski, MA McLean, AG Osborne, TH Snyder, PB AF Leonard, A. W. Makowski, M. A. McLean, A. G. Osborne, T. H. Snyder, P. B. TI Compatibility of detached divertor operation with robust edge pedestal performance SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID DIII-D; CONVECTION; ELMS; JET AB The compatibility of detached radiative divertor operation with a robust H-mode pedestal is examined in DIII-D. A density scan produced low temperature plasmas at the divertor target, T-e <= 2 eV, with high radiation leading to a factor of >= 4 drop in peak divertor heat flux. The cold radiative plasma was confined to the divertor and did not extend across the separatrix in X-point region. A robust H-mode pedestal was maintained with a small degradation in pedestal pressure at the highest densities. The response of the pedestal pressure to increasing density is reproduced by the EPED pedestal model. However, agreement of the EPED model with experiment at high density requires an assumption of reduced diamagnetic stabilization of edge Peeling-Ballooning modes. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Leonard, A. W.; Osborne, T. H.; Snyder, P. B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Makowski, M. A.; McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Leonard, AW (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85508, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM leonard@fusion.gat.com FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.007 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200107 ER PT J AU Briesemeister, AR Isler, RC Allen, SL Ahn, JW McLean, AG Unterberg, EA Hillis, DL Fenstermacher, ME Meyer, WH AF Briesemeister, A. R. Isler, R. C. Allen, S. L. Ahn, J-W McLean, A. G. Unterberg, E. A. Hillis, D. L. Fenstermacher, M. E. Meyer, W. H. TI Impurity ion flow and temperature measured in a detached divertor with externally applied non-axisymmetric fields on DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB Externally applied non-axisymmetric magnetic fields are shown to have little effect on the impurity ion flow velocity and temperature as measured by the multichord divertor spectrometer in the DIII-D divertor for both attached and detached conditions. These experiments were performed in H-mode plasmas with the grad-B drift toward the target plates, with and without n = 3 resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). The flow velocity in the divertor is shown to change by as much as 30% when deuterium gas puffing is used to create detachment of the divertor plasma. No measurable changes in the C III flow were observed in response to the RMP fields for the conditions used in this work. Images of the C III emission are used along with divertor Thomson scattering to show that the local electron and C III temperatures are equilibrated for the conditions shown. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Briesemeister, A. R.; Isler, R. C.; Ahn, J-W; Unterberg, E. A.; Hillis, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Allen, S. L.; McLean, A. G.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Meyer, W. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Briesemeister, AR (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM briesemeister@fusion.gat.com RI Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016; OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865; Isler, Ralph/0000-0002-5368-7200; Briesemeister, Alexis/0000-0003-3703-0978 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-00OR22725, and DE-AC52-07NA27344. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 524 EP 527 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.031 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200108 ER PT J AU Guo, HY Xia, TY Liu, SC Wang, HQ Wang, L Xu, XQ AF Guo, H. Y. Xia, T. Y. Liu, S. C. Wang, H. Q. Wang, L. Xu, X. Q. TI Effects of magnetic configuration on divertor power and particle deposition for long pulse operation in EAST SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID GEOMETRY AB The magnetic configuration exhibits a strong influence on the dynamics of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs), as demonstrated in the EAST superconducting tokamak. We find that poloidal drifts play an important role in particle deposition during the ELMs, leading to a strong up/down asymmetry in the double null divertor configuration, favoring the upper divertor for normal toroidal field, B-t, i.e., with the ion del B drift towards the bottom, while the heat flux distribution appears to be rather uniform during ELMs. These observations are well reproduced by the boundary plasma turbulence code, BOUT++. As divertor pumping was only available at the bottom, the preferential particle flow towards the bottom divertor associated with reverse B-t led to a preferred scenario for long pulse operation in EAST. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, H. Y.; Xia, T. Y.; Liu, S. C.; Wang, H. Q.; Wang, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Guo, H. Y.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Xu, X. Q.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Guo, HY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, POB 1126, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. EM hyguo@ipp.ac.cn FU National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China [2010GB104000, 2011GB101000, 2011GB107000, 2013GB107003, 2013GB114004]; JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics (NSFC) [11261140328]; Magnetic Confinement Innovation Team Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences [11321092]; Thousand Talent Plan of China FX We would like to acknowledge the support and contributions from the rest of the EAST team and collaborators. This work was supported in part by National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Contracts Nos. 2010GB104000, 2011GB101000, 2011GB107000, 2013GB107003, 2013GB114004 and JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics (NSFC No. 11261140328), and Magnetic Confinement Innovation Team Plan of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 11321092), as well as the Thousand Talent Plan of China. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 528 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.078 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200109 ER PT J AU McLean, AG Leonard, AW Makowski, MA Groth, M Allen, SL Boedo, JA Bray, BD Briesemeister, AR Carlstrom, TN Eldon, D Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Lasnier, CJ Liu, C Osborne, TH Petrie, TW Soukhanovskii, VA Stangeby, PC Tsui, C Unterberg, EA Watkins, JG AF McLean, A. G. Leonard, A. W. Makowski, M. A. Groth, M. Allen, S. L. Boedo, J. A. Bray, B. D. Briesemeister, A. R. Carlstrom, T. N. Eldon, D. Fenstermacher, M. E. Hill, D. N. Lasnier, C. J. Liu, C. Osborne, T. H. Petrie, T. W. Soukhanovskii, V. A. Stangeby, P. C. Tsui, C. Unterberg, E. A. Watkins, J. G. TI Electron pressure balance in the SOL through the transition to detachment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID DIII-D AB Upgrades to core and divertor Thomson scattering (DTS) diagnostics at DIII-D have provided measurements of electron pressure profiles in the lower divertor from attached- to fully-detached divertor plasma conditions. Detailed, multistep sequences of discharges with increasing line-averaged density were run at several levels of P-inj. Strike point sweeping allowed 2D divertor characterization using DTS optimized to measure T-e down to 0.5 eV. The ionization front at the onset of detachment is found to move upwards in a controlled manner consistent with the indication that scrape-off layer parallel power flux is converted from conducted to convective heat transport. Measurements of n(e), T-e and p(e) in the divertor versus L-parallel demonstrate a rapid transition from T-e >= 15 eV to <= 3 eV occurring both at the outer strike point and upstream of the X-point. These observations provide a strong benchmark for ongoing modeling of divertor detachment for existing and future tokamak devices. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McLean, A. G.; Allen, S. L.; Carlstrom, T. N.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Hill, D. N.; Lasnier, C. J.; Soukhanovskii, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Leonard, A. W.; Makowski, M. A.; Bray, B. D.; Liu, C.; Osborne, T. H.; Petrie, T. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Groth, M.] Aalto Univ, Espoo 02150, Finland. [Boedo, J. A.; Eldon, D.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Briesemeister, A. R.; Unterberg, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stangeby, P. C.; Tsui, C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Watkins, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McLean, AG (reprint author), Gen Atom, MS 13-355,POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM mclean@fusion.gat.com RI Groth, Mathias/G-2227-2013; Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016; OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865; Briesemeister, Alexis/0000-0003-3703-0978 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; US DOE [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy (DOE) by LLNL under DE-AC52-07NA27344 and by the US DOE under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC05-00OR22725, and DE-AC04-94AL85000. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 533 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.066 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200110 ER PT J AU Elder, JD Stangeby, PC Bray, SD Brooks, N Leonard, AW McLean, AG Unterberg, EA Watkins, JG AF Elder, J. D. Stangeby, P. C. Bray, S. D. Brooks, N. Leonard, A. W. McLean, A. G. Unterberg, E. A. Watkins, J. G. TI OEDGE modeling of DIII-D density scan discharges leading to detachment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The OEDGE code is used to model the outer divertor plasma for discharges from a density scan experiment on DIII-D with the objective of assessing EIRENE and ADAS hydrogenic emission atomic physics data for D-alpha, D-beta and D-gamma for values of T-e and n(e) characteristic of the range of divertor plasma conditions from attached to weakly detached. Confidence in these values is essential to spectroscopic interpretation of any experiment or modeling effort. Good agreement between experiment and calculated emissions is found for both EIRENE and ADAS calculated emission profiles, confirming their reliability for plasma conditions down to similar to 1 eV. For the cold dense plasma conditions characteristic of detachment, it is found that the calculated emissions are especially sensitive to T-e. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Elder, J. D.; Stangeby, P. C.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Downsview, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Stangeby, P. C.; Bray, S. D.; Leonard, A. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Brooks, N.; McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Unterberg, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Watkins, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Elder, JD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, 4925 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. EM david@starfire.utias.utoronto.ca RI Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016 OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-AC04-94AL85000. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 565 EP 568 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.055 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200117 ER PT J AU Canik, JM Briesemeister, AR Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Lore, JD McLean, AG Watkins, JG AF Canik, J. M. Briesemeister, A. R. Lasnier, C. J. Leonard, A. W. Lore, J. D. McLean, A. G. Watkins, J. G. TI Modeling of detachment experiments at DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID DIVERTOR PLASMAS; B2-EIRENE; DENSITY; CODES; FLOWS AB Edge fluid-plasma/kinetic-neutral modeling of well-diagnosed DIII-D experiments is performed in order to document in detail how well certain aspects of experimental measurements are reproduced within the model as the transition to detachment is approached. Results indicate, that at high densities near detachment onset, the poloidal temperature profile produced in the simulations agrees well with, that measured in experiment. However, matching the heat flux in the model requires a significant increase in the radiated power compared to what is predicted using standard chemical sputtering rates. These results suggest that the model is adequate to predict the divertor temperature, provided that the discrepancy in radiated power level can be resolved. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Canik, J. M.; Briesemeister, A. R.; Lore, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lasnier, C. J.; McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Leonard, A. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Watkins, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Canik, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6169, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM canikjm@ornl.gov OI Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681; Briesemeister, Alexis/0000-0003-3703-0978; Lore, Jeremy/0000-0002-9192-465X FU US DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Research supported by the US DOE under DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-AC04-94AL85000. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format following the link at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 569 EP 572 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.077 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200118 ER PT J AU Rudakov, DL Stangeby, PC Wong, CPC McLean, AG Wampler, WR Watkins, JG Boedo, JA Briesemeister, A Buchenauer, DA Chrobak, CP Elder, JD Fenstermacher, ME Guo, HY Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Maingi, R Moyer, RA AF Rudakov, D. L. Stangeby, P. C. Wong, C. P. C. McLean, A. G. Wampler, W. R. Watkins, J. G. Boedo, J. A. Briesemeister, A. Buchenauer, D. A. Chrobak, C. P. Elder, J. D. Fenstermacher, M. E. Guo, H. Y. Lasnier, C. J. Leonard, A. W. Maingi, R. Moyer, R. A. TI Control of high-Z PFC erosion by local gas injection in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID NET EROSION; D DIVERTOR; DETACHMENT; DEPOSITION AB Reduced erosion of a high-Z PFC divertor surface was observed in DIII-D with local injection of methane and deuterium gases. Molybdenum-coated silicon samples were exposed in the lower divertor of DIII-D using DiMES under plasma conditions previously shown to cause significant net erosion of Mo. Three exposures with (CH4)-C-13 and one exposure with D-2 gas injection about 12 cm upstream of the samples located within 1-2 cm of the attached strike point were performed. Reduction of Mo erosion was evidenced in-situ by the suppression of MoI line radiation at 386.4 nm once the gas injection started. Post-mortem ion beam analysis demonstrated that the net erosion of molybdenum near the center of the samples exposed with (CH4)-C-13 injection was below the measurement resolution of 0.5 nm, corresponding to a rate of <= 0.04 nm/s. Compared to the previously measured erosion rates, this constitutes a reduction by a factor of > 10. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rudakov, D. L.; Boedo, J. A.; Moyer, R. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Stangeby, P. C.; Elder, J. D.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Wong, C. P. C.; Chrobak, C. P.; Guo, H. Y.; Leonard, A. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [McLean, A. G.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Lasnier, C. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wampler, W. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Watkins, J. G.; Buchenauer, D. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Briesemeister, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Maingi, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Rudakov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0417, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rudakov@fusion.gat.com FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility [DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC02-09CH11466, and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global.D3D_DMP. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 605 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.056 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200126 ER PT J AU Ahn, JW Maingi, R Canik, JM Gan, KF Gray, TK McLean, AG AF Ahn, J. -W. Maingi, R. Canik, J. M. Gan, K. F. Gray, T. K. McLean, A. G. TI Impact of ELM filaments on divertor heat flux dynamics in NSTX SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The ELM induced change in wetted area (A(wet)) and peak heat flux (q(peak)) of divertor heat flux is investigated as a function of the number of striations, which represent ELM filaments, observed in the heat flux profile in NSTX More striations are found to lead to larger A(wet) and lower q(peak). The typical number of striations observed in NSTX is 0-9, while 10-15 striations are normally observed in other machines such as JET, and the ELM contracts heat flux profile when the number of striations is less than 3-4 but broadens it with more of them. The smaller number of striations in NSTX is attributed to the fact that NSTX ELMs are against kink/peeling boundary with lower toroidal mode number (n = 1-5), while typical peeling ballooning ELMs have higher mode number of n = 10-20. For ELMs with smaller number of striations, relative A(wet) change is rather constant and q(peak) change rapidly increases with increasing ELM size, while A(wet) change slightly increases leading to a weaker increase of q(peak) change for ELMs with larger number of striations, both of which are unfavourable trend for the material integrity of divertor tiles. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahn, J. -W.; Canik, J. M.; Gray, T. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Maingi, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Gan, K. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. [McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ahn, JW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jahn@pppl.gov OI Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL)] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, contract numbers DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL) and DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL). NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.119 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200147 ER PT J AU Pigarov, AY Krasheninnikov, SI Rognlien, TD Lasnier, CJ Unterberg, E AF Pigarov, A. Yu. Krasheninnikov, S. I. Rognlien, T. D. Lasnier, C. J. Unterberg, E. TI Dynamic plasma-wall modeling of ELMy H-mode with UEDGE-MB-W SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The results of time-dependent coupled simulations of the boundary plasma and the first wall deuterium inventory in various sequences of many type-I ELMs with UEDGE-MB-W code are presented. The temporal evolution of deuterium inventories of the pedestal plasma and wall and the calculated rates of particle deposition into the wall during ELMs and of wall outgassing between ELMs are compared to the experimental data on DIII-D. The fraction of pedestal particle losses deposited into the wall during ELMs is studied for different sizes and frequencies of ELMs. Modeling results for the discharge exhibiting the transition from small to giant type-I ELMs due to NBI heating decrease are discussed, demonstrating the important role of wall outgassing in the pedestal density built-up. The dynamic deposition/release equilibrium attained in the saturated wall in a sequence of ELMs and the roles of different plasma-material interaction processes in generating gas release are analyzed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pigarov, A. Yu.; Krasheninnikov, S. I.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Krasheninnikov, S. I.] Nucl Res Natl Univ, MEPhl, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Rognlien, T. D.; Lasnier, C. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Unterberg, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pigarov, AY (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM apigarov@ucsd.edu RI Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016 OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER54739, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FG02-04ER54739, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 705 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.066 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200148 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Sun, Z Li, CZ Zhen, XW Li, JG Guo, HY Li, JH Wang, L Gan, KF Chen, Y Ren, J Zuo, GZ Yao, XJ Hu, LQ Gong, XZ Wan, BN Zou, XL Mansfield, DK Liang, YF Vinyar, I AF Hu, J. S. Sun, Z. Li, C. Z. Zhen, X. W. Li, J. G. Guo, H. Y. Li, J. H. Wang, L. Gan, K. F. Chen, Y. Ren, J. Zuo, G. Z. Yao, X. J. Hu, L. Q. Gong, X. Z. Wan, B. N. Zou, X. L. Mansfield, D. K. Liang, Y. F. Vinyar, I. CA EAST Team TI ELM mitigation by means of supersonic molecular beam and pellet injection on the EAST superconducting tokamak SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID PLASMAS AB In this paper, we will present experimental results from EAST on the mitigation of edge localized modes (ELMS) using recently developed deuterium/lithium pellet injections as well as supersonic molecular beam injections (SMBI). Using a Laval nozzle, ELM mitigation with SMBI has been demonstrated in EAST in quasi-steady state. Using a D-2 pellet injector, a giant ELM appears followed by a burst of high frequency ELMs at similar to 300 Hz with duration of a few tens of milliseconds. Furthermore, for the first time, a novel technology using a simple rotating impeller to inject sub-millimeter size lithium (Li) granules at speeds of a few tens of meters per second was successfully used to pace ELMs. These experiments indicate that, on EAST, several technologies can contribute to the database supporting ELMs control in future fusion devices, such as ITER. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, J. S.; Sun, Z.; Li, C. Z.; Zhen, X. W.; Li, J. G.; Guo, H. Y.; Li, J. H.; Wang, L.; Gan, K. F.; Chen, Y.; Ren, J.; Zuo, G. Z.; Yao, X. J.; Hu, L. Q.; Gong, X. Z.; Wan, B. N.; EAST Team] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Zou, X. L.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Mansfield, D. K.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Liang, Y. F.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Assoc EURATOM FZ Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Vinyar, I.] PELIN LLC, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, POB 1126, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. EM hujs@ipp.ac.cn FU ITER-CN projects [2013GB114 004]; NSFC programs [11321092] FX This work was supported by ITER-CN projects No. 2013GB114 004 and NSFC programs (No. 11321092). NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 718 EP 722 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.021 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200151 ER PT J AU Pitts, RA Bazylev, B Linke, J Landman, I Lehnen, M Loesser, D Loewenhoff, T Merola, M Roccella, R Saibene, G Smith, M Udintsev, VS AF Pitts, R. A. Bazylev, B. Linke, J. Landman, I. Lehnen, M. Loesser, D. Loewenhoff, Th. Merola, M. Roccella, R. Saibene, G. Smith, M. Udintsev, V. S. TI Final case for a stainless steel diagnostic first wall on ITER SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID COMPONENTS AB In 2010 the ITER Organization (IO) proposed to eliminate the beryllium armour on the plasma-facing surface of the diagnostic port plugs and instead to use bare stainless steel (SS), simplifying the design and providing significant cost reduction. Transport simulations at the IO confirmed that charge-exchange sputtering of the SS surfaces would not affect burning plasma operation through core impurity contamination, but a second key issue is the potential melt damage/material loss inflicted by the intense photon radiation flashes expected at the thermal quench of disruptions mitigated by massive gas injection. This paper addresses this second issue through a combination of ITER relevant experimental heat load tests and qualitative theoretical arguments of melt layer stability. It demonstrates that SS can be employed as material for the port plug plasma-facing surface and this has now been adopted into the ITER baseline. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pitts, R. A.; Lehnen, M.; Merola, M.; Roccella, R.; Udintsev, V. S.] ITER Org, F-613067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Bazylev, B.; Landman, I.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IHM, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Linke, J.; Loewenhoff, Th.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Loesser, D.; Smith, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Saibene, G.] Fus Energy Joint Undertaking, Barcelona 08019, Spain. RP Pitts, RA (reprint author), ITER Org, Route Vinon Sur Verdon,CS 90 04, F-613067 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM richard.pitts@iter.org OI Loewenhoff, Thorsten/0000-0001-7273-4327 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 748 EP 752 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.042 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200158 ER PT J AU Lee, W Angus, JR Umansky, MV Krasheninnikov, SI AF Lee, Wonjae Angus, J. R. Umansky, Maxim V. Krasheninnikov, Sergei I. TI Electromagnetic effects on plasma blob-filament transport SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB Both microscopic and macroscopic impacts of the electromagnetic effects on blob dynamics are considered. Linear stability analysis and nonlinear BOUT++ simulations demonstrate that electromagnetic effects in high temperature or high beta plasmas suppress the resistive drift wave turbulence in the blob when resistivity drops below a certain value. In the course of blob's motion in the SQL its temperature is reduced, which leads to enhancement of resistive effects, so the blob can switch from electromagnetic to electrostatic regime, where resistive drift wave turbulence become important. It is found that inhomogeneity of magnetic curvature or plasma pressure along the filament length leads to bending of the high-beta blob filaments. This is caused by the increase of the propagation time of plasma current (Alfven time) in higher-density plasma. The effects of sheath boundary conditions on the part of the blob away from the boundary are also diminished by the increased Alfven time. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Wonjae; Krasheninnikov, Sergei I.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Angus, J. R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Umansky, Maxim V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Krasheninnikov, Sergei I.] Nucl Res Natl Univ MEPhl, Moscow 115409, Russia. RP Lee, W (reprint author), 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wol023@ucsd.edu OI Angus, Justin/0000-0003-1474-0002 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Science at UCSD [DE-FG02-04ER54739, DE-SC0010413]; Kwanjeong Educational Foundation FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Science under Award Number DE-FG02-04ER54739 and DE-SC0010413 at UCSD. This research was also supported by the Kwanjeong Educational Foundation. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 765 EP 768 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.09.083 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200162 ER PT J AU Omotani, JT Dudson, BD Havlickova, E Umansky, M AF Omotani, J. T. Dudson, B. D. Havlickova, E. Umansky, M. TI Non-local parallel transport in BOUT plus SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB Non-local closures allow kinetic effects on parallel transport to be included in fluid simulations. This is especially important in the scrape-off layer, but to be useful there the non-local model requires consistent kinetic boundary conditions at the sheath. A non-local closure scheme based on solution of a kinetic equation using a diagonalized moment expansion has been previously reported. We derive a method for imposing kinetic boundary conditions in this scheme and discuss their implementation in BOUT++. To make it feasible to implement the boundary conditions in the code, we are lead to transform the non-local model to a different moment basis, better adapted to describe parallel dynamics. The new basis has the additional benefit of enabling substantial optimization of the closure calculation, resulting in an Omicron(10) speedup of the non-local code. (C) 2014 EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Omotani, J. T.; Havlickova, E.] Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Dudson, B. D.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York Plasma Inst, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Umansky, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Omotani, JT (reprint author), Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. EM john.omotani@ccfe.ac.uk OI Dudson, Benjamin/0000-0002-0094-4867 FU RCUK Energy Programme [EP/I501045] FX This work was funded by the RCUK Energy Programme [under Grant EP/I501045]. To obtain further information on the data and models underlying this paper please contact PublicationsManager@ccfe.ac.uk. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 769 EP 772 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.040 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200163 ER PT J AU Chrobak, C Stangeby, PC Leonard, AW Rudakov, DL Wong, CPC McLean, AG Wright, GM Buchenauer, DA Watkins, JG Wampler, WR Elder, JD Doerner, RP Nishijima, D Tynan, GR AF Chrobak, C. Stangeby, P. C. Leonard, A. W. Rudakov, D. L. Wong, C. P. C. McLean, A. G. Wright, G. M. Buchenauer, D. A. Watkins, J. G. Wampler, W. R. Elder, J. D. Doerner, R. P. Nishijima, D. Tynan, G. R. TI Measurements of gross erosion of Al in the DIII-D divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB Aluminum (Al) is a convenient proxy for beryllium (Be) plasma material interaction studies since they have a number of physical and chemical similarities. Al samples were exposed at the lower outer strike point of an L-mode divertor plasma in DIII-D (conditions 7-11 x 10(18) D-ions cm(-2) S-1, T-e = 12-47 eV). The gross erosion rate was directly measured using post-mortem ion beam analysis of small 1 mm-sized samples where local re-deposition was determined to be negligible. The gross erosion rate was also calculated using spectroscopic methods, but these rates greatly underestimate the direct (i.e. non-spectroscopic) measurement. The direct measured erosion yields were within the range of published D+ -> Al ion beam sputtering yields. The ionizations per photon (S/XB) coefficients used in the spectroscopic analysis were determined in separate experiments using He plasmas at the PISCES-B linear plasma facility at UCSD. The measured S/XB coefficients were on average similar to 6x higher than the theoretically calculated values. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chrobak, C.; Leonard, A. W.; Wong, C. P. C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Stangeby, P. C.; Elder, J. D.] Univ Toronto, Inst Aerosp Studies, Toronto, ON M3H 5T6, Canada. [Rudakov, D. L.; Doerner, R. P.; Nishijima, D.; Tynan, G. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wright, G. M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Buchenauer, D. A.; Watkins, J. G.; Wampler, W. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chrobak, C (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM chrobak@fusion.gat.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC00-02060, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC00-02060 and DE-AC04-94AL85000. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 810 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.003 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200172 ER PT J AU Stotler, DP Scotti, F Bell, RE LeBlanc, BP Raman, R AF Stotler, D. P. Scotti, F. Bell, R. E. LeBlanc, B. P. Raman, R. TI Reconstruction of NSTX midplane neutral density profiles from visible imaging data SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID SPHERICAL TORUS EXPERIMENT; ALCATOR C-MOD; PLASMAS; RECOMBINATION; IONIZATION; IMPACT AB The experimental determination of neutral densities in tokamak plasmas from line radiation is only accurate in the narrow region in which both the excitation rate and neutral density are significant. We describe an alternative procedure using the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo neutral transport code to invert light emission data obtained from a tangentially viewing camera, yielding absolute radial profiles of deuterium atoms and molecules at midplane. That the neutral source in these simulations can be adequately characterized as a uniform flux at the vacuum vessel wall is demonstrated by the similarity of the shapes of the simulated and observed brightness profiles. A second test is obtained by comparing the resulting neutral pressures at the vessel walls with data from midplane micro-ion gauges. We also show that the simulated camera image is insensitive to variations in the spatial distribution of the neutral source. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stotler, D. P.; Bell, R. E.; LeBlanc, B. P.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Scotti, F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Raman, R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dstotler@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC0006757] FX The authors wish to acknowledge P.W. Ross and A.L. Roquemore for the design, construction, and installation of the ENDD diagnostic. This work is supported by U.S. DOE Contracts DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL), DE-AC52-07NA27344 (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), and DE-SC0006757 (University of Washington). NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 897 EP 901 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.097 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200192 ER PT J AU Lucia, M Kaita, R Majeski, R Bedoya, F Allain, JP Abrams, T Bell, RE Boyle, DP Jaworski, MA Schmitt, JC AF Lucia, M. Kaita, R. Majeski, R. Bedoya, F. Allain, J. P. Abrams, T. Bell, R. E. Boyle, D. P. Jaworski, M. A. Schmitt, J. C. TI Dependence of LTX plasma performance on surface conditions as determined by in situ analysis of plasma facing components SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The Materials Analysis and Particle Probe (MAPP) diagnostic has been implemented on the Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX) at PPPL, providing the first in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface characterization of tokamak plasma facing components (PFCs). MAPP samples were exposed to argon glow discharge conditioning (GDC), lithium evaporations, and hydrogen tokamak discharges inside LTX. Samples were analyzed with XPS, and alterations to surface conditions were correlated against observed LTX plasma performance changes. Argon GDC caused the accumulation of nm-scale metal oxide layers on the PFC surface, which appeared to bury surface carbon and oxygen contamination and thus improve plasma performance. Lithium evaporation led to the rapid formation of a lithium oxide (Li2O) surface; plasma performance was strongly improved for sufficiently thick evaporative coatings. Results indicate that a 5 h argon GDC or a 50 nm evaporative lithium coating will both significantly improve LTX plasma performance. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lucia, M.; Kaita, R.; Majeski, R.; Abrams, T.; Bell, R. E.; Boyle, D. P.; Jaworski, M. A.; Schmitt, J. C.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Bedoya, F.; Allain, J. P.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lucia, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mlucia@pppl.gov OI Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X; Boyle, Dennis/0000-0001-8091-8169 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC0010717]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-0646086] FX This work is supported by U.S. DOE contracts DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-SC0010717. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-0646086. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 907 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.006 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200194 ER PT J AU Shimada, M Hara, M Otsuka, T Oya, Y Hatano, Y AF Shimada, Masashi Hara, Masanori Otsuka, Teppei Oya, Yasuhisa Hatano, Yuji TI Defect annealing and thermal desorption of deuterium in low dose HFIR neutron-irradiated tungsten SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; DIFFUSION; SAFETY; ITER AB Three tungsten samples irradiated at High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory were exposed to deuterium plasma (ion thence of 1 x 10(26) m(-2)) at three different temperatures (100, 200, and 500 degrees C) in Tritium Plasma Experiment at Idaho National Laboratory. Subsequently, thermal desorption spectroscopy was performed with a ramp rate of 10 degrees C min(-1) up to 900 degrees C, and the samples were annealed at 900 degrees C for 0.5 h. These procedures were repeated three times to uncover defect-annealing effects on deuterium retention. The results show that deuterium retention decreases approximately 70% for at 500 degrees C after each annealing, and radiation damages were not annealed out completely even after the 3rd annealing. TMAP modeling revealed the trap concentration decreases approximately 80% after each annealing at 900 degrees C for 0.5 h. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shimada, Masashi] Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Hara, Masanori; Hatano, Yuji] Toyama Univ, Hydrogen Isotope Res Ctr, Toyama 930, Japan. [Otsuka, Teppei] Kyushu Univ, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Engn Sci, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Oya, Yasuhisa] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Sci, Radiosci Res Lab, Shizuoka 4228017, Japan. RP Shimada, M (reprint author), POB 1625,MS 7113, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Masashi.Shimada@inl.gov OI Shimada, Masashi/0000-0002-1592-843X FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under the DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under the DOE Idaho Operations Office contract number DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1005 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.054 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200217 ER PT J AU Taylor, CN Shimada, M Merrill, BJ Akers, DW Hatano, Y AF Taylor, C. N. Shimada, M. Merrill, B. J. Akers, D. W. Hatano, Y. TI Development of positron annihilation spectroscopy for investigating deuterium decorated voids in neutron-irradiated tungsten SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The present work is a continuation of a recent research to develop and optimize positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) for characterizing neutron-irradiated tungsten. Tungsten samples were exposed to neutrons in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and damaged to 0.025 and 0.3 dpa. Subsequently, they were exposed to deuterium plasmas in the Tritium Plasma Experiment (TPE) at Idaho National Laboratory. The implanted deuterium was desorbed through sample heating to 900 degrees C, and Doppler broadening (DB)-PAS was performed both before and after heating. Results show that deuterium impregnated tungsten is identified as having a smaller S-parameter. The S-parameter increases after deuterium desorption. Microstructural changes also occur during sample heating. These effects can be isolated from deuterium desorption by comparing the S-parameters from the deuterium-free back face with the deuterium-implanted front face. The application of using DB-PAS to examine deuterium retention in tungsten is examined. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taylor, C. N.; Shimada, M.; Merrill, B. J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Akers, D. W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Expt Programs, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Hatano, Y.] Toyama Univ, Hydrogen Isotope Res Ctr, Toyama 9308555, Japan. RP Taylor, CN (reprint author), POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM chase.taylor@inl.gov OI Shimada, Masashi/0000-0002-1592-843X FU US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under the DOE Idaho Field Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX We would like to thank M. Drigert for help in PAS data collection. This work was prepared for the US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, under the DOE Idaho Field Office contract number DE-AC07-05ID14517. Samples for this work came from the collaborative Japan/USA TITAN project. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1009 EP 1012 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.033 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200218 ER PT J AU Kolasinski, RD Hammond, KD Whaley, JA Buchenauer, DA Wirth, BD AF Kolasinski, R. D. Hammond, K. D. Whaley, J. A. Buchenauer, D. A. Wirth, B. D. TI Analysis of hydrogen adsorption and surface binding configuration on tungsten using direct recoil spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; SCATTERING AB In this work, we apply low energy ion beam analysis to examine directly how the adsorbed hydrogen concentration and binding configuration on W(100) depend on temperature. We exposed the tungsten surface to fluxes of both atomic and molecular H and D. We then probed the H isotopes adsorbed along different crystal directions using 1-2 keV Ne+ ions. At saturation coverage, H occupies two-fold bridge sites on W(100) at 25 degrees C. The H coverage dramatically changes the behavior of channeled ions, as does reconstruction of the surface W atoms. For the exposure conditions examined here, we find that surface sites remain populated with H until the surface temperature reaches 200 degrees C. After this point, we observe H rapidly desorbing until only a residual concentration remains at 450 degrees C. Development of an efficient atomistic model that accurately reproduces the experimental ion energy spectra and azimuthal variation of recoiled H is underway. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolasinski, R. D.; Whaley, J. A.; Buchenauer, D. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Hydrogen & Met Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hammond, K. D.; Wirth, B. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kolasinski, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9161, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rkolasi@sandia.gov RI Hammond, Karl/I-3604-2012; Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Hammond, Karl/0000-0002-5424-8752; Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Plasma-Surface Interactions Science Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-SC00-02060] FX We thank Thomas Felter and Robert Bastasz for helpful discussions regarding this work. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The contributions of KDH and BDW are supported by the Plasma-Surface Interactions Science Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences under award number DE-SC00-02060. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1053 EP 1056 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.115 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200229 ER PT J AU Hanada, K Zushi, H Yoshida, N Yugami, N Honda, T Hasegawa, M Mishra, K Kuzmin, A Nakamura, K Fujisawa, A Idei, H Nagashima, Y Watanabe, O Onchi, T Watanabe, H Tokunaga, K Higashijima, A Kawasaki, S Nakashima, H Takase, Y Fukuyama, A Mitarai, O Peng, YKM AF Hanada, K. Zushi, H. Yoshida, N. Yugami, N. Honda, T. Hasegawa, M. Mishra, K. Kuzmin, A. Nakamura, K. Fujisawa, A. Idei, H. Nagashima, Y. Watanabe, O. Onchi, T. Watanabe, H. Tokunaga, K. Higashijima, A. Kawasaki, S. Nakashima, H. Takase, Y. Fukuyama, A. Mitarai, O. Peng, Y. K. M. TI Particle balance in long duration RF driven plasmas on QUEST SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID POWER BALANCE; TRIAM-1M AB Global particle balance in non-inductive long-duration plasma on QUEST has been investigated. Approximately 70% of the fuel hydrogen (H) was retained in the wall and then was almost exhausted just after the discharge. The global recycling ratio (R-g), defined as the ratio of the evacuated H-2 flux to that injected, was found to gradually increase during discharges and subsequently rose rapidly. To study the growth of R-g, the thermal desorption spectra after deuterium implantation in a specimen exposed to QUEST plasma was analyzed with a model which includes reflection, diffusion, solution, recombination, trapping, and plasma-induced desorption in the re-deposition layer. The model reconstructs the growth of R-g during a long-duration plasma and indicates solution plays a dominant role in the growth. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanada, K.; Zushi, H.; Yoshida, N.; Hasegawa, M.; Kuzmin, A.; Nakamura, K.; Fujisawa, A.; Idei, H.; Nagashima, Y.; Watanabe, O.; Onchi, T.; Watanabe, H.; Tokunaga, K.; Higashijima, A.; Kawasaki, S.; Nakashima, H.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8128580, Japan. [Yugami, N.; Honda, T.; Mishra, K.] Kyushu Univ, Interdisciplinary Grad Sch Engn Sci, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Takase, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Fukuyama, A.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Technol, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Mitarai, O.] Tokai Univ, Sch Ind Engn, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 25912, Japan. [Peng, Y. K. M.] UT Battelle, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Columbus, OH USA. RP Hanada, K (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, 6-1 Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8128580, Japan. EM hanada@triam.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Watanabe, Osamu/G-6207-2014; Hanada, Kazuaki/C-1563-2016; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015 OI Watanabe, Osamu/0000-0002-5034-5619; Hanada, Kazuaki/0000-0001-5045-9782; FU NIFS Collaboration Research Program [NIFS13KUTR085, NIFS13KUTR093]; Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University; JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics (NSFC) [11261140328]; ITER-BA; [24226020]; [24656559] FX This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (KAKENHI Grant Nos. 24226020 and 24656559) and performed with the support and under the auspices of the NIFS Collaboration Research Program (NIFS13KUTR085 and NIFS13KUTR093). This work was also supported in part by the Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University and by the JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the field of Plasma Physics (NSFC: No. 11261140328) and ITER-BA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1084 EP 1086 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.013 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200236 ER PT J AU Barton, JL Wang, YQ Doerner, RP Tynan, GR AF Barton, J. L. Wang, Y. Q. Doerner, R. P. Tynan, G. R. TI Development of an analytical diffusion model for modeling hydrogen isotope exchange SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID DEUTERIUM; TUNGSTEN; RETENTION AB We create a model for H retention depth profiles in W and subsequently model how this profile changes after isotope exchange. This is accomplished by calculating how trapping defects in W accumulate D (or H) inventory as W is being exposed to plasma. Each trapping site is characterized by a trapping rate and a release rate, where the only free parameters are the distribution of these trapping sites in the material. The filled trap concentrations for each trap type are modeled as a diffusion process because post-mortem deuterium depth profiles indicate that traps are filled well beyond the ion implantation zone (2-5 nm). Using this retention model, an isotope exchange rate is formulated. The retention model and isotope exchange rate are compared to low temperature isotope exchange experiments in tungsten with good agreement. The limitations of the current model highlight important physics and motivate future work. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barton, J. L.; Doerner, R. P.; Tynan, G. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wang, Y. Q.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barton, JL (reprint author), 9500 Gilman Dr 0417, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jbarton@ucsd.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0001999, DE-FG02-07ER54912]; University of California Office of President Research Fund [12-LR-237801]; LANL new program development grant FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-SC0001999 and DE-FG02-07ER54912 and the University of California Office of President Research Fund under Award Number 12-LR-237801. The ion beam analysis work at IBML was supported by a LANL new program development grant in support the UCOP project. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1129 EP 1133 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.116 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200247 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Osborne, TH Bell, MG Bell, RE Boyle, DP Canik, JM Diallo, A Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, VA AF Maingi, R. Osborne, T. H. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. E. Boyle, D. P. Canik, J. M. Diallo, A. Kaita, R. Kaye, S. M. Kugel, H. W. LeBlanc, B. P. Sabbagh, S. A. Skinner, C. H. Soukhanovskii, V. A. CA NSTX Team TI Dependence of recycling and edge profiles on lithium evaporation in high triangularity, high performance NSTX H-mode discharges SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID INJECTION; PEDESTAL; TFTR AB In this paper, the effects of a pre-discharge lithium evaporation variation on highly shaped discharges in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) are documented. Lithium wall conditioning ('dose') was routinely applied onto graphite plasma facing components between discharges in NSTX, partly to reduce recycling. Reduced D-alpha, emission from the lower and upper divertor and center stack was observed, as well as reduced midplane neutral pressure; the magnitude of reduction increased with the pre-discharge lithium dose. Improved energy confinement, both raw tau(E) and H-factor normalized to scalings, with increasing lithium dose was also observed. At the highest doses, we also observed elimination of edge-localized modes. The midplane edge plasma profiles were dramatically altered, comparable to lithium dose scans at lower shaping, where the strike point was farther from the lithium deposition centroid. This indicates that the benefits of lithium conditioning should apply to the highly shaped plasmas planned in NSTX-U. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maingi, R.; Bell, M. G.; Bell, R. E.; Boyle, D. P.; Diallo, A.; Kaita, R.; Kaye, S. M.; Kugel, H. W.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Skinner, C. H.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Osborne, T. H.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Canik, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, Appl Phys & Appl Math Dept, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Soukhanovskii, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Receiving 3,Route 1 North, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM rmaingi@pppl.gov OI Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681; Boyle, Dennis/0000-0001-8091-8169 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FC02-99ER54512, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This research was sponsored in part by U.S. Dept. of Energy under contracts DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC05-000R22725, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FC02-99ER54512 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the NSTX operations staff. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1134 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.084 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200248 ER PT J AU Innocente, P Mansfield, DK Roquemore, AL Agostini, M Barison, S Canton, A Carraro, L Cavazzana, R De Masi, G Fassina, A Fiameni, S Grando, L Rais, B Rossetto, F Scarin, P AF Innocente, P. Mansfield, D. K. Roquemore, A. L. Agostini, M. Barison, S. Canton, A. Carraro, L. Cavazzana, R. De Masi, G. Fassina, A. Fiameni, S. Grando, L. Rais, B. Rossetto, F. Scarin, P. TI Lithium wall conditioning by high frequency pellet injection in RFX-mod SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID TOKAMAK AB In the RFX-mod reversed field pinch experiment, lithium wall conditioning has been tested with multiple scopes: to improve density control, to reduce impurities and to increase energy and particle confinement time. Large single lithium pellet injection, lithium capillary-pore system and lithium evaporation has been used for lithiumization. The last two methods, which presently provide the best results in tokamak devices, have limited applicability in the RFX-mod device due to the magnetic field characteristics and geometrical constraints. On the other side, the first mentioned technique did not allow injecting large amount of lithium. To improve the deposition, recently in RFX-mod small lithium multi-pellets injection has been tested. In this paper we compare lithium multi-pellets injection to the other techniques. Multi-pellets gave more uniform Li deposition than evaporator, but provided similar effects on plasma parameters, showing that further optimizations are required. (C) 2015 Consorzio RFX. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Innocente, P.; Agostini, M.; Canton, A.; Carraro, L.; Cavazzana, R.; De Masi, G.; Fassina, A.; Grando, L.; Rais, B.; Rossetto, F.; Scarin, P.] Consorzio REC, I-35127 Padua, Italy. [Mansfield, D. K.; Roquemore, A. L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Barison, S.; Fiameni, S.] CNR IENI, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RP Innocente, P (reprint author), Corso Stati Uniti S, I-35127 Padua, Italy. EM paolo.innocente@igi.cnr.it OI AGOSTINI, MATTEO/0000-0002-3823-1002; Barison, Simona/0000-0002-6324-0859 FU US Department of Energy; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory [P12-03] FX This work was sponsored in part by the US Department of Energy and Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory under Loan Number P12-03. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1138 EP 1141 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.088 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200249 ER PT J AU Jackson, GL Chrobak, CP McLean, AG Maingi, R Mansfield, DK Roquemore, AL Diwakar, P Hassanein, A Lietz, A Rudakov, DL Sizyuk, T Tripathi, J AF Jackson, G. L. Chrobak, C. P. McLean, A. G. Maingi, R. Mansfield, D. K. Roquemore, A. L. Diwakar, P. Hassanein, A. Lietz, A. Rudakov, D. L. Sizyuk, T. Tripathi, J. TI Effect of lithium in the DIII-D SOL and plasma-facing surfaces SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID D TOKAMAK; PERFORMANCE AB Lithium has been introduced into the DIII-D tokamak, and migration and retention in graphite have been characterized since no lithium was present in DIII-D initially. A new regime with an enhanced edge electron pedestal and H-98y2 <= 2 has been obtained with lithium. Lithium deposition was not uniform, but rather preferentially deposited near the strike points, consistent with previous C-13 experiments. Edge visible lithium light (Lil) remained well above the previous background during the entire DIII-D campaign, decaying with a 2600 plasma-second e-fold, but plasma performance was only affected on the discharge with lithium injection. Lithium injection demonstrated the capability of reducing hydrogenic recycling, density, and ELM frequency. Graphite and silicon samples were exposed to a lithium-injected discharge, using the DiMES system and then removed for ex-situ analysis. The deposited lithium layer remained detectable to a depth up to 1 mu m. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jackson, G. L.; Chrobak, C. P.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [McLean, A. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Maingi, R.; Mansfield, D. K.; Roquemore, A. L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Diwakar, P.; Hassanein, A.; Sizyuk, T.; Tripathi, J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rudakov, D. L.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Lietz, A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Jackson, GL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, 3550 Gen Atom Court, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM jackson@fusion.gat.com OI Tripathi, Jitendra/0000-0001-6220-1869 FU U.S. Department of Energy - United States [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09-CH1466, DE-SC0001961] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy - United States under DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09-CH1466 and DE-SC0001961. We are grateful for the lithium dropper hardware supplied by Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and to Drs. D.K. Mansfield and A.L. Roquemore for assisting in installation and experimental support. We also acknowledge the work of Prof. A. Hassanein and his research staff at the Center for Materials under Extreme Environment, Purdue University in performing ex-situ analysis of the DIII-D samples. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1160 EP 1164 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.004 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200254 ER PT J AU Scotti, F Soukhanovskii, VA Ahn, JW Bell, RE Gerhardt, SP Jaworski, MA Kaita, R Kugel, HW McLean, AG Meier, ET Podesta, M Roquernore, AL AF Scotti, F. Soukhanovskii, V. A. Ahn, J. -W. Bell, R. E. Gerhardt, S. P. Jaworski, M. A. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. W. McLean, A. G. Meier, E. T. Podesta, M. Roquernore, A. L. TI Lithium sputtering from lithium-coated plasma facing components in the NSTX divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID SURFACES AB Lithium sputtering yields and gross impurity influxes from lithium-coated graphite and molybdenum plasma facing components (PFCs) have been analyzed for the first time in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) divertor during H-mode NBI-heated discharges. Motivated by the beneficial effects of lithium conditioning on discharge performance and reproducibility, evaporative lithium coatings were the routine wall conditioning technique in NSTX. Neutral lithium sputtering yields from solid lithium coatings in NSTX were found to be consistent with values reported from test stand experiments from deuterium-saturated lithium (with sputtering yields Y-Li similar to 0.03-0.07). Temperature-enhanced lithium sputtering was observed on lithium-coated graphite and molybdenum as a result of PFC heating by both embedded heaters and incident plasma heat flux, leading to Y-Li similar to 0.1-0.2 for surface temperatures above the lithium melting point. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Scotti, F.; Soukhanovskii, V. A.; McLean, A. G.; Meier, E. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Ahn, J. -W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bell, R. E.; Gerhardt, S. P.; Jaworski, M. A.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H. W.; Podesta, M.; Roquernore, A. L.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Scotti, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fscotti@pppl.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was supported by U.S. DOE Contracts: DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC05-000R22725. The authors thank Prof. J.P. Allain for the reference sputtering data. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1165 EP 1168 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.032 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200255 ER PT J AU Abrams, T Jaworski, MA Kaita, R Nichols, JH Stotler, DP De Temmerman, G van den Berg, MA van der Meiden, HJ Morgan, TW AF Abrams, T. Jaworski, M. A. Kaita, R. Nichols, J. H. Stotler, D. P. De Temmerman, G. van den Berg, M. A. van der Meiden, H. J. Morgan, T. W. TI Modeling the reduction of gross lithium erosion observed under high-flux deuterium bombardment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID LIQUID LITHIUM; DIVERTOR; TEMPERATURE AB Both thin (<1 mu m) and thick (similar to 500 mu m) lithium films under high-flux deuterium and neon plasma bombardment were studied in the linear plasma device Magnum-PSI at ion fluxes >10(24) m(-2) s(-1) and surface temperatures <700 degrees C. During Ne plasma exposures, Li erosion rates inferred from measurements of Li-I radiation exceed Langmuir Law evaporation, but no previous results exist to benchmark the binary collision approximation (BCA) and thermal sputtering measurements. Measured Li erosion rates during D plasma bombardment were compared to the adatom-evaporation model of thermal sputtering with an additional reduction term to account for the relative D/Li composition of the Li film. This model captures the qualitative evolution of the Li erosion yield but still overestimates the measured erosion by a factor of 5-10. This suggests that additional refinements to the mixed-material model are needed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abrams, T.; Jaworski, M. A.; Kaita, R.; Nichols, J. H.; Stotler, D. P.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [De Temmerman, G.; van den Berg, M. A.; van der Meiden, H. J.; Morgan, T. W.] EURATOM, FOM Inst DIFFER Dutch Inst Fundamental Energy Res, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP Abrams, T (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM tabrams@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; Morgan, Thomas/B-3789-2017 OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Morgan, Thomas/0000-0002-5066-015X FU US DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466]; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM); Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) FX This work is supported by US DOE contract DE-AC02-09CH11466 and the US DOE Fusion Energy Sciences Fellowship. FOM authors are supported by the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), which is financially supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1169 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.056 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200256 ER PT J AU Capece, AM Roszell, JP Skinner, CH Koel, BE AF Capece, A. M. Roszell, J. P. Skinner, C. H. Koel, B. E. TI Effects of temperature and surface contamination on D retention in ultrathin Li films on TZM SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID LITHIUM AB In this work, we investigate deuterium retention at the Mo-Li interface by studying thin Li films three monolayers thick on a TZM Mo alloy. Li films at temperatures between 315 and 460 K were exposed to a deuterium ion beam and D retention was measured using temperature programmed desorption. In the absence of oxygen, D is retained as LiD, and the relative amount of retained D decreases with increasing substrate temperature. In three-monolayer thick lithium oxide films, the amount of D retained was 2.5 times higher than the amount retained as LiD in the metallic Li film. However, oxygen reduces the thermal stability of D in the film, causing D2O and D-2 to be released from the surface at temperatures 150-200 K below the LiD decomposition temperature. These results highlight the importance of maintaining a metallic Li layer for high D retention in Li films on TZM at elevated temperatures. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Capece, A. M.; Skinner, C. H.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Roszell, J. P.; Koel, B. E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Capece, AM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, MS 15,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM acapece@pppl.gov FU DOE [DE AC02-09CH11466]; Office of Fusion Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. DOE [DE-SC0008598] FX This work was supported by DOE contract No. DE AC02-09CH11466 and by the Office of Fusion Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-SC0008598. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1177 EP 1180 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.048 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200258 ER PT J AU Xu, W Fiflis, P Szott, M Kalathiparambil, K Jung, S Christenson, M Haehnlein, I Kapat, A Andruczyk, D Curreli, D Ruzic, DN AF Xu, W. Fiflis, P. Szott, M. Kalathiparambil, K. Jung, S. Christenson, M. Haehnlein, I. Kapat, A. Andruczyk, D. Curreli, D. Ruzic, D. N. TI Vertical flow in the Thermoelectric Liquid Metal Plasma Facing Structures (TELS) facility at Illinois SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID SEEBECK COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENTS; LITHIUM; TFTR AB Flowing liquid metal PFCs may offer a solution to the issues faced by solid divertor materials in tokamak plasmas. The Liquid-Metal Infused Trenches (LiMIT) concept of Illinois Ruzic etal. (2011) is a liquid metal plasma facing structure which employs thermoelectric magnetohydrodynamic (TEMHD) effects to selfpropel lithium through a series of trenches. The combination of an incident heat flux and a magnetic field provide the driving mechanism. Tests have yielded experimental lithium velocities under different magnetic fields, which agree well with theoretical predictions Xu et al. (2013). The thermoelectric force is expected to overcome gravity and be able to drive lithium flow along an arbitrary direction and the strong surface tension of liquid lithium is believed to maintain the surface when Li flows in open trenches. This paper discusses the behavior of the LiMIT structure when inclined to an arbitrary angle with respect to the horizontal. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, W.; Fiflis, P.; Szott, M.; Kalathiparambil, K.; Jung, S.; Christenson, M.; Haehnlein, I.; Kapat, A.; Andruczyk, D.; Curreli, D.; Ruzic, D. N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Ctr Plasma Mat Interact, Urbana, IL USA. [Andruczyk, D.] PPPL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Fiflis, P (reprint author), 201 S Goodwin,Rm 105, Urbana, IL USA. EM flflis1@illinois.edu FU US DOE [DE-FOA-0000603] FX The authors would like to recognize the US DOE which funds this work under Project DE-FOA-0000603. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1181 EP 1185 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.045 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200259 ER PT J AU Kolemen, E Allen, SL Bray, BD Fenstermacher, ME Humphreys, DA Hyatt, AW Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Makowski, MA McLean, AG Maingi, R Nazikian, R Petrie, TW Soukhanovskii, VA Unterberg, EA AF Kolemen, E. Allen, S. L. Bray, B. D. Fenstermacher, M. E. Humphreys, D. A. Hyatt, A. W. Lasnier, C. J. Leonard, A. W. Makowski, M. A. McLean, A. G. Maingi, R. Nazikian, R. Petrie, T. W. Soukhanovskii, V. A. Unterberg, E. A. TI Heat flux management via advanced magnetic divertor configurations and divertor detachment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci AB The snowflake divertor (SFD) control and detachment control to manage the heat flux at the divertor are successfully demonstrated at DIII-D. Results of the development and implementation of these two heat flux reduction control methods are presented. The SFD control algorithm calculates the position of the two null-points in real-time and controls shaping coil currents to achieve and stabilize various snowflake configurations. Detachment control stabilizes the detachment front fixed at specified distance between the strike point and the X-point throughout the shot. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolemen, E.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Allen, S. L.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Lasnier, C. J.; Makowski, M. A.; McLean, A. G.; Soukhanovskii, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bray, B. D.; Humphreys, D. A.; Hyatt, A. W.; Petrie, T. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Unterberg, E. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Maingi, R.; Nazikian, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolemen, E (reprint author), D302D,Olden St, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ekolemen@princeton.edu RI Unterberg, Ezekial/F-5240-2016 OI Unterberg, Ezekial/0000-0003-1353-8865 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC05-000R22725] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-04ER54698, and DE-AC05-000R22725. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1186 EP 1190 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.099 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200260 ER PT J AU Soukhanovskii, VA Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Lasnier, CJ Makowski, MA McLean, AG Meyer, WH Kolemen, E Groebner, RJ Hyatt, AW Leonard, AW Osborne, TH Petrie, TW AF Soukhanovskii, V. A. Allen, S. L. Fenstermacher, M. E. Hill, D. N. Lasnier, C. J. Makowski, M. A. McLean, A. G. Meyer, W. H. Kolemen, E. Groebner, R. J. Hyatt, A. W. Leonard, A. W. Osborne, T. H. Petrie, T. W. TI Radiative snowflake divertor studies in DIII-D SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID DENSITY AB Recent DIII-D experiments assessed the snowflake divertor (SF) configuration in a radiative regime in H-mode discharges with D-2 seeding. The SF configuration was maintained for many energy confinement times (2-3 s) in H-mode discharges (I-p = 1.2 MA, P-NBI = 4-5 MW, and B x del B down (favorable direction toward the divertor)), and found to be compatible with high performance operation (H98y2 >= 1). The two studied SF configurations, the SF-plus and the SF-minus, have a small finite distance between the primary X-point and the secondary B-p null located in the private flux region or the common flux region, respectively. In H-mode discharges with the SF configurations (cf. H-mode discharges with the standard divertor with similar conditions) the stored energy lost per the edge localized mode (ELM) was reduced, and significant divertor heat flux reduction between and during ELMs was observed over a range of collisionalities, from lower density conditions toward a higher density H-modes with the radiative SF divertor. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Soukhanovskii, V. A.; Allen, S. L.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Hill, D. N.; Lasnier, C. J.; Makowski, M. A.; McLean, A. G.; Meyer, W. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kolemen, E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Groebner, R. J.; Hyatt, A. W.; Leonard, A. W.; Osborne, T. H.; Petrie, T. W.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Soukhanovskii, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,Mailstop L-637, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vlad@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) under DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09CH11466, and DE-FC02-04ER54698. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. We thank the entire DIII-D Team for technical, engineering and computer support as well as plasma and diagnostic operations. Dr. D.D. Ryutov is acknowledged for insightful discussions. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1191 EP 1195 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.052 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200261 ER PT J AU Meier, ET Soukhanovskii, VA Bell, RE Diallo, A Kaita, R LeBlanc, BP McLean, AG Podesta, M Rognlien, TD Scotti, F AF Meier, E. T. Soukhanovskii, V. A. Bell, R. E. Diallo, A. Kaita, R. LeBlanc, B. P. McLean, A. G. Podesta, M. Rognlien, T. D. Scotti, F. TI Modeling detachment physics in the NSTX snowflake divertor SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID EDGE; DRIFTS; CODE AB The snowflake divertor is a proposed technique for coping with the tokamak power exhaust problem in next-step experiments and eventually reactors, where extreme power fluxes to material surfaces represent a leading technological and physics challenge. In lithium-conditioned National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) discharges, application of the snowflake divertor typically induced partial outer divertor detachment and severalfold heat flux reduction. UEDGE is used to analyze and compare conventional and snowflake divertor configurations in NSTX. Matching experimental upstream profiles and divertor measurements in the snowflake requires target recycling of 0.97 vs. 0.91 in the conventional case, implying partial saturation of the lithium-based pumping mechanism. Density scans are performed to analyze the mechanisms that facilitate detachment in the snowflake, revealing that increased divertor volume provides most of the parallel heat flux reduction. Also, neutral gas power loss is magnified by the increased wetted area in the snowflake, and plays a key role in generating volumetric recombination. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Meier, E. T.; Soukhanovskii, V. A.; McLean, A. G.; Rognlien, T. D.; Scotti, F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bell, R. E.; Diallo, A.; Kaita, R.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Podesta, M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Meier, ET (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. EM emeier@wm.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work has been performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contracts DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1200 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.007 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200263 ER PT J AU Petrie, TW Allen, SL Fenstermacher, ME Groebner, RJ Holcomb, CT Kolemen, E La Haye, RJ Lasnier, CJ Leonard, AW Luce, TC McLean, AG Maingi, R Moyer, RA Solomon, WM Soukhanovskii, VA Turco, F Watkins, JG AF Petrie, T. W. Allen, S. L. Fenstermacher, M. E. Groebner, R. J. Holcomb, C. T. Kolemen, E. La Haye, R. J. Lasnier, C. J. Leonard, A. W. Luce, T. C. McLean, A. G. Maingi, R. Moyer, R. A. Solomon, W. M. Soukhanovskii, V. A. Turco, F. Watkins, J. G. TI Application of the radiating divertor approach to innovative tokamak divertor concepts SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices (PSI) CY MAY 26-30, 2014 CL Natl Inst Fus Sci, Kanazawa, JAPAN HO Natl Inst Fus Sci ID DIII-D; BETA AB We survey the results of recent DIII-D experiments that tested the effectiveness of three innovative tokamak divertor concepts in reducing divertor heat flux while still maintaining acceptable energy confinement under neon/deuterium-based radiating divertor (RD) conditions: (1) magnetically unbalanced high performance double-null divertor (DND) plasmas, (2) high performance double-null "Snowflake" (SF-DN) plasmas, and (3) single-null H-mode plasmas having different isolation from their divertor targets. In general, all three concepts adapt well to RD conditions, achieving significant reduction in divertor heat flux (q(perpendicular to p)) and maintaining high performance metrics, e.g., 50-70% reduction in peak divertor heat flux for DND and SF-DN plasmas that are characterized by beta(N) congruent to 3.0 and H98((y,2)) approximate to 1.35. It is also demonstrated that q(perpendicular to p) could be reduced approximate to 50% by extending the parallel connection length (L parallel to-XPT) in the scrape-off layer between the X-point and divertor targets over a variety of the RD and non-RD environments tested. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Petrie, T. W.; Groebner, R. J.; La Haye, R. J.; Leonard, A. W.; Luce, T. C.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Allen, S. L.; Fenstermacher, M. E.; Holcomb, C. T.; Lasnier, C. J.; McLean, A. G.; Soukhanovskii, V. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kolemen, E.; Solomon, W. M.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Moyer, R. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Turco, F.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Watkins, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), Gen Atom, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM petrie@fusion.gat.com OI Solomon, Wayne/0000-0002-0902-9876 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; DOE Office of Science [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG02-04ER54541, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Award DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG02-04ER54541, and DE-AC04-94AL85000. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D_DMP. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 463 BP 1225 EP 1228 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.11.008 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KC UT WOS:000358467200268 ER PT J AU Chen, S Bronevetsky, G Li, B Guix, MC Peng, L AF Chen, Sui Bronevetsky, Greg Li, Bin Guix, Marc Casas Peng, Lu TI A framework for evaluating comprehensive fault resilience mechanisms in numerical programs SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Soft faults; High-performance computing; Numerical errors; Fault resilience ID LINEAR-SYSTEM SOLVER; SOFT ERRORS AB As HPC systems approach Exascale, their circuit features will shrink while their overall size will grow, both at a fixed power limit. These trends imply that soft faults in electronic circuits will become an increasingly significant problem for programs that run on these systems, causing them to occasionally crash or worse, silently return incorrect results. This is motivating extensive work on program resilience to such faults, ranging from generic mechanisms such as replication or checkpoint/restart to algorithm-specific error detection and resilience mechanisms. Effective use of such mechanisms requires a detailed understanding of (1) which vulnerable parts of the program are most worth protecting and (2) the performance and resilience impact of fault resilience mechanisms on the program. This paper presents FaultTelescope, a tool that combines these two and generates actionable insights by presenting program vulnerabilities and impact of fault resilience mechanisms in an intuitive way. C1 [Chen, Sui; Peng, Lu] Louisiana State Univ, Div Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bronevetsky, Greg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Li, Bin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Guix, Marc Casas] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. RP Peng, L (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Div Elect & Comp Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lpeng@lsu.edu NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 EI 1573-0484 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 71 IS 8 BP 2963 EP 2984 DI 10.1007/s11227-015-1422-z PG 22 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CN8DL UT WOS:000358668000010 ER PT J AU Suratwala, T Steele, W Wong, L Feit, MD Miller, PE Dylla-Spears, R Shen, N Desjardin, R AF Suratwala, Tayyab Steele, William Wong, Lana Feit, Michael D. Miller, Philip E. Dylla-Spears, Rebecca Shen, Nan Desjardin, Richard TI Chemistry and Formation of the Beilby Layer During Polishing of Fused Silica Glass SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; DAMAGE AB The chemical characteristics and the proposed formation mechanisms of the modified surface layer (called the Beilby layer) on polished fused silica glasses are described. Fused silica glass samples were polished using different slurries, polyurethane pads, and at different rotation rates. The concentration profiles of several key contaminants, such as Ce, K, and H, were measured in the near surface layer of the polished samples using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). The penetration of K, originating from KOH used for pH control during polishing, decreased with increase in polishing material removal rate. In contrast, penetration of the Ce and H increased with increase in polishing removal rate. In addition, Ce penetration was largely independent of the other polishing parameters (e.g., particle size distribution and the properties of the polishing pad). The resulting K concentration depth profiles are described using a two-step diffusion process: (1) steady-state moving boundary diffusion (due to material removal during polishing) followed by (2) simple diffusion during ambient postpolishing storage. Using known alkali metal diffusion coefficients in fused silica glass, this diffusion model predicts concentration profiles that are consistent with the measured data at various polishing material removal rates. On the other hand, the observed Ce profiles are inconsistent with diffusion based transport. Rather we propose that Ce penetration is governed by the ratio of Ce-O-Si and Si-O-Si hydrolysis rates; where this ratio increases with interface temperature (which increases with polishing material removal rate) resulting in greater Ce penetration into the Beilby layer. Calculated Ce surface concentrations using this mechanism are in good agreement to the observed change in measured Ce surface concentrations with polishing material removal rate. These new insights into the chemistry of the Beilby layer, combined together with details of the single particle removal function during polishing, are used to develop a more detailed and quantitative picture of the polishing process and the formation of the Beilby layer. C1 [Suratwala, Tayyab; Steele, William; Wong, Lana; Feit, Michael D.; Miller, Philip E.; Dylla-Spears, Rebecca; Shen, Nan; Desjardin, Richard] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Suratwala, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM suratwala1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 within the LDRD program. Special thanks to Ed Sedillo for performing the FE-SEM measurements. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 98 IS 8 BP 2395 EP 2402 DI 10.1111/jace.13659 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CN8UI UT WOS:000358719400013 ER PT J AU Leonard, RL Gray, SK Alvarez, CJ Moses, AK Arrowood, LF Lubinsky, AR Petford-Long, AK Johnson, JA AF Leonard, Russell L. Gray, Sharon K. Alvarez, Carlos J. Moses, Alex K. Arrowood, Lloyd F. Lubinsky, Anthony R. Petford-Long, Amanda K. Johnson, Jacqueline A. TI Evaluation of a Fluorochlorozirconate Glass-Ceramic Storage Phosphor Plate for Gamma-Ray Computed Radiography SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE AB A fluorochlorozirconate (FCZ) glass-ceramic containing orthorhombic barium chloride crystals doped with divalent europium was evaluated for use as a storage phosphor in gamma-ray imaging. X-ray diffraction and phosphorimetry of the glass-ceramic sample showed the presence of a significant amount of orthorhombic barium chloride crystals in the glass matrix. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify crystal size, structure, and morphology. The size of the orthorhombic barium chloride crystals in the FCZ glass matrix was very large, similar to 0.5-0.7m, which can limit image resolution. The FCZ glass-ceramic sample was exposed to 1MeV gamma rays to determine its photostimulated emission characteristics at high energies, which were found to be suitable for imaging applications. Test images were made at 2MeV energies using gap and step wedge phantoms. Gaps as small as 101.6m in a 440 stainless steel phantom were imaged using the sample imaging plate. Analysis of an image created using a depleted uranium step wedge phantom showed that emission is proportional to incident energy at the sample and the estimated absorbed dose. The results showed that the sample imaging plate has potential for gamma-ray-computed radiography and dosimetry applications. C1 [Leonard, Russell L.; Gray, Sharon K.; Johnson, Jacqueline A.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Alvarez, Carlos J.; Petford-Long, Amanda K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Moses, Alex K.; Arrowood, Lloyd F.] Consolidated Nucl Secur LLC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lubinsky, Anthony R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Petford-Long, Amanda K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Leonard, RL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. EM rleonard@utsi.edu RI Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014 OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1001381]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation for their support under grant no. DMR-1001381. We acknowledge use of the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research, the Center for Nanoscale Materials, and the APS at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 98 IS 8 BP 2541 EP 2547 DI 10.1111/jace.13664 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CN8UI UT WOS:000358719400036 ER PT J AU Xu, HW Chavez, ME Mitchell, JN Garino, TJ Schwarz, HL Rodriguez, MA Rademacher, DX Nenoff, TM AF Xu, Hongwu Chavez, Manuel E. Mitchell, Jeremy N. Garino, Terry J. Schwarz, Haiqing L. Rodriguez, Mark A. Rademacher, David X. Nenoff, Tina M. TI Crystal Structure and Thermodynamic Stability of Ba/Ti-Substituted Pollucites for Radioactive Cs/Ba Immobilization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; CSALSI2O6-CSTISI2O6.5 JOIN; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ENERGETICS; FRESNOITE; ZEOLITES; BA; CS; TITANOSILICATES AB As an analogue of the mineral pollucite (CsAlSi2O6), CsTiSi2O6.5 is a potential host phase for radioactive Cs. However, as Cs-137 and Cs-135 transmute to Ba-137 and Ba-135, respectively, through the beta decay, it is essential to study the structure and stability of this phase upon Cs Ba substitution. In this work, two series of Ba/Ti-substituted samples, CsxBa(1-x)/2TiSi2O6.5 and CsxBa1-xTiSi2O7-0.5x, (x=0.9 and 0.7), were synthesized by high-temperature crystallization from their respective precursors. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis reveal that while CsxBa(1-x)/2TiSi2O6.5 samples are phase-pure, CsxBa1-xTiSi2O7-0.5x samples contain Cs3x/(2+x)Ba(1-x)/(2+x)TiSi2O6.5 pollucites (i.e., also two-Cs-to-one-Ba substitution) and a secondary phase, fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8). Thus, the CsxBa1-xTiSi2O7-0.5x series is energetically less favorable than CsxBa(1-x)/2TiSi2O6.5. To study the stability systematics of CsxBa(1-x)/2TiSi2O6.5 pollucites, high-temperature calorimetric experiments were performed at 973K with or without the lead borate solvent. Enthalpies of formation from the constituent oxides (and elements) have thus been derived. The results show that with increasing Ba/(Cs+Ba) ratio, the thermodynamic stability of these phases decreases with respect to their component oxides. Hence, from the energetic viewpoint, continued Cs Ba transmutation tends to destabilize the parent silicotitanate pollucite structure. However, the Ba-substituted pollucite co-forms with fresnoite (which incorporates the excess Ba), thereby providing viable ceramic waste forms for all the Ba decay products. C1 [Xu, Hongwu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chavez, Manuel E.; Mitchell, Jeremy N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Garino, Terry J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Opt & Nano Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Schwarz, Haiqing L.; Rademacher, David X.; Nenoff, Tina M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Nanoscale Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Rodriguez, Mark A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat & Performance Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Xu, HW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hxu@lanl.gov; tmnenof@sandia.gov OI Xu, Hongwu/0000-0002-0793-6923; Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cycle R&D Separations and Waste Form Campaign; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work, including purchase of the Setaram AlexSys-800 calorimeter and its installation at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cycle R&D Separations and Waste Form Campaign. We are grateful to Prof. Alexandra Navrotsky for her guidance in establishing this unique calorimetry capability at LANL and for providing lead borate powders used in our drop solution calorimetric measurements. We also thank Gordon Jarvinen for his support during this project. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC, under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. Sample synthesis/ heat-treatment, SEM characterization, and laboratory XRD were conducted at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Use of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank the APS 11-BM beamline staff for collecting the synchrotron data through the mail-in rapid access program. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 98 IS 8 BP 2634 EP 2640 DI 10.1111/jace.13608 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA CN8UI UT WOS:000358719400048 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Riley, WJ AF Zhu, Qing Riley, William J. TI Improved modelling of soil nitrogen losses SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Letter C1 [Zhu, Qing; Riley, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Climate Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhu, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Climate Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qzhu@lbl.gov RI Riley, William/D-3345-2015; ZHU, QING/G-2433-2015 OI Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; ZHU, QING/0000-0003-2441-944X FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Regional and Global Climate Modeling and Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy (ACME) programmes. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 5 IS 8 BP 705 EP 706 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN5QN UT WOS:000358484400003 ER PT J AU Panciera, F Chou, YC Reuter, MC Zakharov, D Stach, EA Hofmann, S Ross, FM AF Panciera, F. Chou, Y. -C. Reuter, M. C. Zakharov, D. Stach, E. A. Hofmann, S. Ross, F. M. TI Synthesis of nanostructures in nanowires using sequential catalyst reactions SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-PHOSPHIDE NANOWIRES; III-V NANOWIRES; NICKEL DISILICIDE; GAAS NANOWIRES; ZINC BLENDE; GROWTH; SILICON; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; NUCLEATION AB Nanowire growth by the vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) process enables a high level of control over nanowire composition, diameter, growth direction, branching and kinking, periodic twinning, and crystal structure. The tremendous impact of VLS-grown nanowires is due to this structural versatility, generating applications ranging from solid-state lighting and single-photon sources to thermoelectric devices. Here, we show that the morphology of these nanostructures can be further tailored by using the liquid droplets that catalyse nanowire growth as a 'mixing bowl', in which growth materials are sequentially supplied to nucleate new phases. Growing within the liquid, these phases adopt the shape of faceted nanocrystals that are then incorporated into the nanowires by further growth. We demonstrate this concept by epitaxially incorporating metal silicide nanocrystals into Si nanowires with defect-free interfaces, and discuss how this process can be generalized to create complex nanowire-based heterostructures. C1 [Panciera, F.; Hofmann, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England. [Panciera, F.; Chou, Y. -C.; Reuter, M. C.; Ross, F. M.] IBM Corp, Div Res, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Chou, Y. -C.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. [Chou, Y. -C.; Zakharov, D.; Stach, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Panciera, F (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FA, England. EM sh315@cam.ac.uk; fmross@us.ibm.com RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011; Zakharov, Dmitri/F-4493-2014; Hofmann, Stephan/D-3906-2012; OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153; Hofmann, Stephan/0000-0001-6375-1459; /0000-0002-7775-2927 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0606395, 0907483]; ERC Grant [279342: InSituNANO]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC-101-2112-M-009-021-MY3]; Center for Interdisciplinary Science under MOE-ATU project for NCTU; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. DMR-0606395 and 0907483 (Y.-C.C.), ERC Grant 279342: InSituNANO (F.P. and S.H.), the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant No. NSC-101-2112-M-009-021-MY3 (Y.-C.C.), the Center for Interdisciplinary Science under the MOE-ATU project for NCTU (Y.-C.C.) and the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 (D.Z. and E.A.S.). The authors acknowledge A. Gamalski for assistance with high-resolution imaging, C. Czarnik for assistance with image processing and A. Ellis for technical support. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 35 U2 196 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 8 BP 820 EP + DI 10.1038/NMAT4352 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CN6FQ UT WOS:000358530100025 PM 26168344 ER PT J AU O'Brien, MN Jones, MR Lee, B Mirkin, CA AF O'Brien, Matthew N. Jones, Matthew R. Lee, Byeongdu Mirkin, Chad A. TI Anisotropic nanoparticle complementarity in DNA-mediated co-crystallization SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; SHAPE-COMPLEMENTARY; COMPLEX STRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; CRYSTALLIZATION; ASSEMBLIES; PATCHINESS; NANOSTRUCTURES; POLYHEDRA; FORCES AB Whether two species will co-crystallize depends on the chemical, physical and structural complementarity of the interacting components. Here, by using DNA as a surface ligand, we selectively co-crystallize mixtures of two different anisotropic nanoparticles and systematically investigate the effects of nanoparticle size and shape complementarity on the resultant crystal symmetry, microstrain, and effective 'DNA bond' length and strength. We then use these results to understand a more complicated system where both size and shape complementarity change, and where one nanoparticle can participate in multiple types of directional interactions. Our findings offer improved control of non-spherical nanoparticles as building blocks for the assembly of sophisticated macroscopic materials, and provide a framework to understand complementarity and directional interactions in DNA-mediated nanoparticle crystallization. C1 [O'Brien, Matthew N.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [O'Brien, Matthew N.; Jones, Matthew R.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jones, Matthew R.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP O'Brien, MN (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM blee@aps.anl.gov; chadnano@northwestern.edu RI O'Brien, Matthew/G-9998-2016; Mirkin, Chad/E-3911-2010 OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805; O'Brien, Matthew/0000-0002-1721-0464; FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) [FA9550-11-1-0275]; Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship (NSSEFF) award [N00014-15-1-0043]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program at Materials Research Center of Northwestern University [DMR-1121262]; Non-equilibrium Energy Research Center (NERC) an Energy Frontier Research Center - Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0000989]; NSF; DoE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; MRSEC programme of National Science Foundation [NSC DMR-1121262]; Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center of National Science Foundation [EEC-0118025/003]; State of Illinois; Northwestern University FX C.A.M. acknowledges support from the following awards: the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) FA9550-11-1-0275, the Department of Defense National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship (NSSEFF) award N00014-15-1-0043, the National Science Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program DMR-1121262 at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University, and the Non-equilibrium Energy Research Center (NERC) an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Department of Energy (DoE), Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award DE-SC0000989. M.N.O. and M.R.J. are grateful to the NSF for Graduate Research Fellowships. SAXS experiments were carried out at the Dupont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory, and use of the APS was supported by the DoE (DE-AC02-06CH11357). This work made use of the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center-Northwestern University), which has received support from the MRSEC programme (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center, and the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (EEC-0118025/003), both programmes of the National Science Foundation, the State of Illinois and Northwestern University. We thank K. A. Brown and A. J. Senesi for helpful discussions. NR 47 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 20 U2 120 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 8 BP 833 EP + DI 10.1038/NMAT4293 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CN6FQ UT WOS:000358530100027 PM 26006002 ER PT J AU Zhang, YG Pal, S Srinivasan, B Vo, T Kumar, S Gang, O AF Zhang, Yugang Pal, Suchetan Srinivasan, Babji Thi Vo Kumar, Sanat Gang, Oleg TI Selective transformations between nanoparticle superlattices via the reprogramming of DNA-mediated interactions SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HARD-SPHERE CRYSTALS; COMPLEX STRUCTURES; STACKING-FAULTS; CRYSTALLIZATION; HYBRIDIZATION; LATTICES; COLLOIDS; ENTROPY; SYSTEMS AB The rapid development of self-assembly approaches has enabled the creation of materials with desired organization of nanoscale components. However, achieving dynamic control, wherein the system can be transformed on demand into multiple entirely different states, is typically absent in atomic and molecular systems and has remained elusive in designed nanoparticle systems. Here, we demonstrate with in situ small-angle X-ray scattering that, by using DNA strands as inputs, the structure of a three-dimensional lattice of DNA-coated nanoparticles can be switched from an initial 'mother' phase into one of multiple 'daughter' phases. The introduction of different types of reprogramming DNA strands modifies the DNA shells of the nanoparticles within the superlattice, thereby shifting interparticle interactions to drive the transformation into a particular daughter phase. Moreover, we mapped quantitatively with free-energy calculations the selective reprogramming of interactions onto the observed daughter phases. C1 [Zhang, Yugang; Pal, Suchetan; Gang, Oleg] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Pal, Suchetan; Thi Vo; Kumar, Sanat] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Srinivasan, Babji] Indian Inst Technol Gandhinagar, Dept Chem Engn, Ahmadabad 682525, Gujarat, India. RP Zhang, YG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ogang@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012704]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-12ER46909] FX We thank K. Yager, V. Venkatasubramanian and L. Wu for helpful discussions. We thank F. Lu for help with DLS and DNA hybridization kinetics measurements. Research carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. Research at Columbia University was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-FG02-12ER46909. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 11 U2 83 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 EI 1476-4660 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 8 BP 840 EP + DI 10.1038/NMAT4296 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA CN6FQ UT WOS:000358530100028 PM 26006003 ER PT J AU Shi, ZW Hong, XP Bechtel, HA Zeng, B Martin, MC Watanabe, K Taniguchi, T Shen, YR Wang, F AF Shi, Zhiwen Hong, Xiaoping Bechtel, Hans A. Zeng, Bo Martin, Michael C. Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Shen, Yuen-Ron Wang, Feng TI Observation of a Luttinger-liquid plasmon in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE PLASMONS; SCATTERING; RESONANCES; JUNCTIONS; OPTICS; LIGHT AB Surface plasmons(1), collective oscillations of conduction electrons, hold great promise for the nanoscale integration of photonics and electronics(1-4). However, nanophotonic circuits based on plasmons have been significantly hampered by the difficulty in achieving broadband plasmonic waveguides that simultaneously exhibit strong spatial confinement, a high quality factor and low dispersion. Quantum plasmons, where the quantum mechanical effects of electrons play a dominant role, such as plasmons in very small metal nanoparticles(5,6) and plasmons affected by tunnelling effects(7), can lead to novel plasmonic phenomena in nanostructures. Here, we show that a Luttinger liquid(8,9) of one-dimensional Dirac electrons in carbon nanotubes(10-13) exhibits quantum plasmons that behave qualitatively differently from classical plasmon excitations. The Luttinger-liquid plasmons propagate at 'quantized' velocities that are independent of carrier concentration or excitation wavelength, and simultaneously exhibit extraordinary spatial confinement and high quality factor. Such Luttinger-liquid plasmons could enable novel low-loss plasmonic circuits for the subwavelength manipulation of light. C1 [Shi, Zhiwen; Hong, Xiaoping; Zeng, Bo; Shen, Yuen-Ron; Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bechtel, Hans A.; Martin, Michael C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Shen, Yuen-Ron; Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shi, ZW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zhiwen22@gmail.com; fengwang76@berkeley.edu RI Shi, Zhiwen/C-4945-2013; TANIGUCHI, Takashi/H-2718-2011; WATANABE, Kenji/H-2825-2011; wang, Feng/I-5727-2015 OI Shi, Zhiwen/0000-0002-3928-2960; WATANABE, Kenji/0000-0003-3701-8119; FU Office of Basic Energy Science, Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0003949]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1404865]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; David and Lucile Packard fellowship FX The authors thank M. Raschke for discussions. H.B. and M.M., in particular, thank M. Raschke and his group for the years of pioneering research on infrared near-field techniques and key collaborations that led to the development of a near-field infrared instrument at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). The authors also thank K. Liu, Y. Sun, S. Shi, C. Jin and H. Chang for their help with sample preparation and discussions. This work was primarily supported by the Office of Basic Energy Science, Department of Energy (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Sub-Wavelength Metamaterial Program; contract no. DE-SC0003949, Early Career Award). Spectroscopy of nanotubes in the visible range was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DMR-1404865). The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231). F.W. acknowledges support from a David and Lucile Packard fellowship. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 8 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.123 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA CN9AF UT WOS:000358737200013 ER PT J AU Fensin, ML Galloway, JD James, MR AF Fensin, M. L. Galloway, J. D. James, M. R. TI Performance upgrades to the MCNP6 burnup capability for large scale depletion calculations SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE MCNP6; Monte Carlo linked burnup; Burnup ID CODE AB The first MCNP based inline Monte Carlo depletion capability was officially released from the Radiation Safety Information and Computational Center as MCNPX 2.6.0. With the merger of MCNPX and MCNP5, MCNP6 combined the capability of both simulation tools, as well as providing new advanced technology, in a single radiation transport code. The new MCNP6 depletion capability was first showcased at the International Congress for Advancements in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP) meeting in 2012. At that conference the new capabilities addressed included the combined distributive and shared memory parallel architecture for the burnup capability, improved memory management, physics enhancements, and new predictability as compared to the H.B Robinson Benchmark At Los Alamos National Laboratory, a special purpose cluster named "tebow," was constructed such to maximize available RAM per CPU, as well as leveraging swap space with solid state hard drives, to allow larger scale depletion calculations (allowing for significantly more burnable regions than previously examined). As the MCNP6 burnup capability was scaled to larger numbers of burnable regions, a noticeable slowdown was realized. This paper details two specific computational performance strategies for improving calculation speedup: (1) retrieving cross sections during transport; and (2) tallying mechanisms specific to burnup in MCNP. To combat this slowdown new performance upgrades were developed and integrated into MCNP6 1.2. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fensin, M. L.; Galloway, J. D.; James, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fensin, ML (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C921, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mfensin@lanl.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 83 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.03.017 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KN UT WOS:000358468300020 ER PT J AU Chen, MH Kim, IH Sun, XD Christensen, R Utgikar, V Sabharwall, P AF Chen, Minghui Kim, In Hun Sun, Xiaodong Christensen, Richard Utgikar, Vivek Sabharwall, Piyush TI Transient analysis of an FHR coupled to a helium Brayton power cycle SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE FHR; Transient thermal-hydraulic analysis; Intermediate heat exchanger (IHX); Secondary heat exchanger (SHX); Modeling and simulation ID PRESSURE-DROP CHARACTERISTICS; SPIRALLY FLUTED ANNULI; HEAT-TRANSFER AB The Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR) features a passive decay heat removal system and a high-efficiency Brayton cycle for electricity generation. It typically employs an intermediate loop, consisting of an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) and a secondary heat exchanger (SHX), to couple the primary system with the power conversion unit (PCU). In this study, a preliminary dynamic system model is developed to simulate transient characteristics of a prototypic 20-MWth Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Test Reactor (FHTR). The model consists of a series of differential conservation equations that are numerically solved using the MATLAB platform. For the reactor, a point neutron kinetics model is adopted. For the IHX and SHX, a fluted tube heat exchanger and an offset strip-fin heat exchanger are selected, respectively. Detailed geometric parameters of each component in the FHTR are determined based on the FHTR nominal steady-state operating conditions. Three initiating events are simulated in this study, including a positive reactivity insertion, a step increase in the mass flow rate of the PCU helium flow, and a step increase in the PCU helium inlet temperature to the SHX. The simulation results show that the reactor has inherent safety features for those three simulated scenarios. It is observed that the increase in the temperatures of the fuel pebbles and primary coolant is mitigated by the decrease in the reactor power due to negative temperature feedbacks. The results also indicate that the intermediate loop with the two heat exchangers plays a significant role in the transient progression of the integral reactor system. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Minghui; Kim, In Hun; Sun, Xiaodong; Christensen, Richard] Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Utgikar, Vivek] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Sabharwall, Piyush] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Sun, XD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nucl Engn Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sun.200@osu.edu OI Chen, Minghui/0000-0002-7380-3037; Sun, Xiaodong/0000-0002-9852-160X FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs [128504] FX This research is being performed using funding received from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs (Award number: 128504). The assistances provided by Mr. Qiuping Lv of the Ohio State University and Mr. Isaac Skavdahl of University of Idaho are appreciated. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 83 BP 283 EP 293 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2015.02.015 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN5KN UT WOS:000358468300030 ER PT J AU Sinkov, SI Lumetta, GJ AF Sinkov, Sergey I. Lumetta, Gregg J. TI Americium(III) oxidation by copper(III) periodate in nitric acid solution as compared with the action of Bi(V) compounds of sodium, lithium, and potassium SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Americium oxidation; americium separation; copper(III); bismuth(V); bismuthate ID BISMUTHATE; EXTRACTION; COMPLEXES; STATES; WATER AB The oxidative action of a Cu(III) periodate compound toward Am(III) in nitric acid was studied. The extent of oxidation of Am(III) to Am(VI) was investigated using a constant initial Cu(III)-to-Am(III) molar ratio of 10 : 1 and varying nitric acid concentrations from 0.25 to 3.5 mol/L. From 0.25 to 3 mol/L HNO3, more than 98% of the Am(III) was oxidized to Am(VI); however, at 3.5mol/L HNO3, the conversion to Am(VI) was only 80%. Increasing the Cu(III)-to-Am(III) molar ratio to 20 : 1 in 3.5mol/L HNO 3 resulted in 98% conversion to Am(VI). For comparison, oxidation of Am(III) with NaBiO3 was studied at 3.5mol/L HNO3 and the same stoichiometric excess of Bi(V) oxidant over Am(III) (stoichiometric ratio of 3.33 : 1). With NaBiO3, the extent of Am(III) conversion to Am(VI) was only 19%, while with the Cu(III) compound this value was found to be about 4 times higher under otherwise identical conditions. Similar results were obtained with other Bi(V) salts. These results show that the Cu(III) periodate compound is a superior oxidant to NaBiO3, yielding rapid conversion to Am(VI) in a homogeneous acidic solution, and is, therefore, an excellent candidate for further development of Am separation systems. C1 [Sinkov, Sergey I.; Lumetta, Gregg J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiochem Proc Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sinkov, SI (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiochem Proc Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,P7-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sergey.sinkov@pnnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, through the Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, through the Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program. Pacific-Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2015 VL 103 IS 8 BP 541 EP 552 DI 10.1515/ract-2014-2315 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN4QE UT WOS:000358414300001 ER PT J AU Mocko, V Taylor, WA Nortier, FM Engle, JW Barnhart, TE Nickles, RJ Pollington, AD Kunde, GJ Rabin, MW Birnbaum, ER AF Mocko, Veronika Taylor, Wayne A. Nortier, Francois M. Engle, Jonathan W. Barnhart, Todd E. Nickles, Robert J. Pollington, Anthony D. Kunde, Gerd J. Rabin, Michael W. Birnbaum, Eva R. TI Isolation of Ho-163 from dysprosium target material by HPLC for neutrino mass measurements SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE HPLC; Ho-163; lanthanide separation; neutrino mass; preparative HPLC ID SEPARATION; LANTHANIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The rare earth isotope Ho-163 is of interest for neutrino mass measurements. This report describes the isolation of Ho-163 from a proton-irradiated dysprosium target and its purification. A Dy metal target was irradiated with 16 MeV protons for 10 h. After target dissolution, Ho-163 was separated from the bulk Dy via cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography using 70 mmol dm(-3) alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid as the mobile phase. Subsequent purification of the collected Ho fraction was performed to remove the alpha-hydroxyisobutyrate chelating agent and to concentrate the Ho in a low ionic strength aqueous matrix. The final solution was characterized by MC-ICP-MS to determine the Ho-163/Ho-165 ratio, Ho-163 and the residual Dy content. The HPLC purification process resulted in a decontamination factor 1.4 x 10(5) for Dy. The isolated Ho fraction contained 24.8 +/- 1.3 ng of Ho-163 corresponding to holmium recovery of 72 +/- 3%. C1 [Mocko, Veronika; Taylor, Wayne A.; Nortier, Francois M.; Engle, Jonathan W.; Pollington, Anthony D.; Kunde, Gerd J.; Rabin, Michael W.; Birnbaum, Eva R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 88021 USA. [Barnhart, Todd E.; Nickles, Robert J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mocko, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 88021 USA. EM vmocko@lanl.gov OI Barnhart, Todd/0000-0002-9981-2150 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD [20130679ER]; United States Department of Energy, Office of Science from the Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications subprogram in the Office of Nuclear Physics FX The authors would like to thank Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD support, 20130679ER. The research described in this paper was also funded by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science via funding from the Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications subprogram in the Office of Nuclear Physics. The authors would like to acknowledge help of Nina Weisse-Bernstein for acquisition of the SEM-EDX data. Dr. Michael Fassbender is thanked for helpful discussions and suggestions. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2015 VL 103 IS 8 BP 577 EP 585 DI 10.1515/ract-2014-2362 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN4QE UT WOS:000358414300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Kang, QJ Yao, J Gao, Y Sun, ZX Liu, HH Valocchi, AJ AF Zhang Lei Kang QinJun Yao Jun Gao Ying Sun ZhiXue Liu HaiHu Valocchi, Albert J. TI Pore scale simulation of liquid and gas two-phase flow based on digital core technology SO SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pore scale; digital core; liquid and gas two-phase; lattice Boltzmann method; shale ID LATTICE BOLTZMANN MODEL; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; FLUIDS; PREDICTION; VOLUME AB Two-phase flow in two digital cores is simulated by the color-gradient lattice Boltzmann method. This model can be applied to two-phase flow with high-density ratio (on order of 1000). The first digital core is an artificial sandstone core, and its three-dimensional gray model is obtained by Micro-CT scanning. The gray scale images are segmented into discrete phases (solid particles and pore space) by the Otsu algorithm. The second one is a digital core of shale, which is reconstructed using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method with segmented SEM scanning image as input. The wettability of solid wall and relative permeability of a cylindrical tube are simulated to verify the model. In the simulations of liquid and gas two phase flow in digital cores, density ratios of 100, 200, 500 and 1000 between liquid and gas are chosen. Based on the gas distribution in the digital core at different times, it is found that the fingering phenomenon is more salient at high density ratio. With the density ratio increasing, the displacement efficiency decreases. Besides, due to numerous small pores in the shale, the displacement efficiency is over 20% less than that in the artificial sandstone and the difference is even about 30% when density ratio is greater than 500. As the density ratio increases, the gas saturation decreases in big pores, and even reaches zero in some small pores or big pores with small throats. Residual liquid mainly distributes in the small pores and the edge of big pores due to the wettability of liquid. Liquid recovery can be enhanced effectively by decreasing its viscosity. C1 [Zhang Lei; Yao Jun; Gao Ying; Sun ZhiXue] China Univ Petr, Sch Petr Engn, Qingdao 266580, Peoples R China. [Zhang Lei; Kang QinJun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liu HaiHu] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Valocchi, Albert J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), China Univ Petr, Sch Petr Engn, Qingdao 266580, Peoples R China. EM RCOGFR_UPC@126.com RI Liu, Haihu/B-2097-2013; Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010 OI Liu, Haihu/0000-0002-0295-1251; Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51234007, 51404291]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1294]; Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities [B08028]; International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER); Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; LDRD Program of Los Alamos National Laboratory; Institutional Computing Program of Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51234007, 51404291), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT1294), and Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B08028). The author ZHANG Lei would like to give appreciation to Chinese Scholarship Council for supporting the one-year study in Los Alamos National Laboratory. Valocchi A J and Liu H gratefully acknowledge the support of the International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Kang Q acknowledges the support from the LDRD Program and Institutional Computing Program of Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 51 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-7321 EI 1869-1900 J9 SCI CHINA TECHNOL SC JI Sci. China-Technol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 58 IS 8 BP 1375 EP 1384 DI 10.1007/s11431-015-5842-z PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA CN9DJ UT WOS:000358746500010 ER PT J AU Pekedis, M Masceranas, D Turan, G Ercan, E Farrar, CR Yildiz, H AF Pekedis, Mahmut Masceranas, David Turan, Gursoy Ercan, Emre Farrar, Charles R. Yildiz, Hasan TI Structural health monitoring for bolt loosening via a non-invasive vibro-haptics human-machine cooperative interface SO SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE structural health monitoring; damage diagnosis; damage sensation; haptics; vibrotactile; sensory substitution; human-machine interface ID VIBROTACTILE STIMULI; SENSORY SUBSTITUTION; HAIRY SKIN; COMPOSITES; RESPONSES AB For the last two decades, developments in damage detection algorithms have greatly increased the potential for autonomous decisions about structural health. However, we are still struggling to build autonomous tools that can match the ability of a human to detect and localize the quantity of damage in structures. Therefore, there is a growing interest in merging the computational and cognitive concepts to improve the solution of structural health monitoring (SHM). The main object of this research is to apply the human-machine cooperative approach on a tower structure to detect damage. The cooperation approach includes haptic tools to create an appropriate collaboration between SHM sensor networks, statistical compression techniques and humans. Damage simulation in the structure is conducted by releasing some of the bolt loads. Accelerometers are bonded to various locations of the tower members to acquire the dynamic response of the structure. The obtained accelerometer results are encoded in three different ways to represent them as a haptic stimulus for the human subjects. Then, the participants are subjected to each of these stimuli to detect the bolt loosened damage in the tower. Results obtained from the human-machine cooperation demonstrate that the human subjects were able to recognize the damage with an accuracy of 88 +/- 20.21% and response time of 5.87 +/- 2.33 s. As a result, it is concluded that the currently developed human-machine cooperation SHM may provide a useful framework to interact with abstract entities such as data from a sensor network. C1 [Pekedis, Mahmut; Yildiz, Hasan] Ege Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. [Masceranas, David; Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Turan, Gursoy] Izmir Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. [Ercan, Emre] Ege Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Civil Engn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. RP Pekedis, M (reprint author), Ege Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, TR-35100 Izmir, Turkey. EM mahmut.pekedis@ege.edu.tr OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 FU Ege University, Office of Scientific Research Projects [12-MUH-046]; Council of higher education of Turkey in Los Alamos National Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank all the volunteers who took part in the experimental tests. This study was partially supported by Ege University, Office of Scientific Research Projects (12-MUH-046). Mahmut Pekedis was also supported by the Council of higher education of Turkey in Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2012-2013. The human subjects' tests were conducted under the directions of Ege University, Clinical Research Ethical Board, with a document number of 13-11/104 in 2013. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0964-1726 EI 1361-665X J9 SMART MATER STRUCT JI Smart Mater. Struct. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 AR 085018 DI 10.1088/0964-1726/24/8/085018 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA CN8JH UT WOS:000358686000019 ER PT J AU Colgan, J Judge, E Johns, HM Kilcrease, DP Liarefield, JE McInroy, R Hakel, P Wiens, RC Clegg, SM AF Colgan, J. Judge, E. J. Johns, H. M. Kilcrease, D. P. Liarefield, J. E., II McInroy, R. Hakel, P. Wiens, R. C. Clegg, S. M. TI Theoretical modeling and analysis of the emission spectra of a ChemCam standard: Basalt BIR-1A SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE LIBS; Matrix effect; Radiation transport; Atomic physics; LTE modeling ID LASER-INDUCED PLASMA; INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; THOMSON SCATTERING; INSTRUMENT; DYNAMICS; ELEMENTS; DENSITY; TARGETS; HELIUM; MATRIX AB We report on efforts to perform theoretical modeling of the emission spectrum measured from a basalt sample. We compare our calculations with measurements that were made to provide standards for the ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory. We find that to obtain good agreement between modeling and the measurement, it is necessary to determine atomic and ionic level populations via a multi-element approach in which the free electron density that is created influences all the species within the plasma. Calculations that consider each element separately are found to be in poorer agreement with the measured spectrum, indicating that the 'matrix effect' term often used to describe the influence of other species on the emission spectrum from a given element is due to the influence of the global electron density of the plasma. We explore the emission features in both the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges, and also examine radiation transport effects for some of the most intense features found in the basalt spectrum. Finally, we also provide comparisons of the ChemCam measurement with new high-resolution spectral measurements. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Colgan, J.; Johns, H. M.; Kilcrease, D. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Judge, E. J.; Liarefield, J. E., II] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Diagnost & Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McInroy, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Chem & Appl Spect, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hakel, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Barefield, James/0000-0001-8674-6214; Johns, Heather/0000-0001-7252-3343; Hakel, Peter/0000-0002-7936-4231; Kilcrease, David/0000-0002-2319-5934; Judge, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2747-1326; Clegg, Sam/0000-0002-0338-0948 FU NNSA of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the NNSA of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. This work was carried out under laboratory-directed research and development funding. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 110 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2015.05.005 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA CN9YS UT WOS:000358807700005 ER PT J AU Cai, BY Mao, XL Hou, HM Zorba, V Russo, RE Cheung, NH AF Cai, Bruno Yue Mao, Xianglei Hou, Huaming Zorba, Vassilia Russo, Richard E. Cheung, Nai-Ho TI Double-pulse laser ablation sampling: Enhancement of analyte emission by a second laser pulse at 213 nm SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Double laser pulse scheme; Plume-LEAF; Pulsed laser ablation sampling; 213 nm; Minimally destructive multi element analysis ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIELEMENT ANALYSIS; FLUORESCENCE; ALLOYS AB For the purpose of devising methods for minimally destructive multi-element analysis, we compare the performance of a 266 nm-213 nm double-pulse scheme against that of the single 266 nm pulse scheme. The first laser pulse at 266 nm ablates a mica sample. Ten ns later, the second pulse at 213 nm and 64 mJ cm(-2) orthogonally intercepts the gas plume to enhance the analyte signal. Emissions from aluminum, silicon, magnesium and sodium are simultaneously observed. At low 266 nm laser fluence when only sub-ng of sample mass is removed, the signal enhancement by the 213 nm pulse is especially apparent. The minimum detectable amount of aluminum is about 24 fmol; it will be a hundred times higher if the sample is analyzed by the 266 nm pulse alone. The minimum detectable mass for the other analytes is also reduced by about two orders of magnitude when the second pulse at 213 nm is introduced. The spectral and temporal properties of the enhanced signal are consistent with the mechanism of ultra-violet laser excited atomic fluorescence of dense plumes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cai, Bruno Yue; Mao, Xianglei; Hou, Huaming; Zorba, Vassilia; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Laser Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cai, Bruno Yue; Cheung, Nai-Ho] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Phys, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Hou, Huaming] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP Cheung, NH (reprint author), Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Phys, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM nhcheung@hkbu.edu.hk RI Zorba, Vassilia/C-4589-2015; OI Cheung, Nai Ho/0000-0002-6951-7142 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) from Berkeley Lab; General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [HKBU 200513]; Faculty Research Grants of Hong Kong Baptist University FX The research was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The work of V.Z. was supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from Berkeley Lab, provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy. The work of B.Y.C. and N.-H.C was supported by the General Research Fund of the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong under grant number HKBU 200513 and the Faculty Research Grants of Hong Kong Baptist University. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 110 BP 51 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2015.05.010 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA CN9YS UT WOS:000358807700008 ER PT J AU McIntosh, KG Reilly, SD Havrilla, GJ AF McIntosh, Kathryn G. Reilly, Sean D. Havrilla, George J. TI Determination of plutonium in spent nuclear fuel using high resolution X-ray SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE XRF; hiRX; Elemental analysis; Elemental mapping; Spent nuclear fuel ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY; URANIUM AB Characterization of Pu is an essential aspect of safeguards operations at nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities. A novel analysis technique called hiRX (high resolution X-ray) has been developed for the direct measurement of Pu in spent nuclear fuel dissolver solutions. hiRX is based on monochromatic wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF), which provides enhanced sensitivity and specificity compared with conventional XRF techniques. A breadboard setup of the hiRX instrument was calibrated using spiked surrogate spent fuel (SSF) standards prepared as dried residues. Samples of actual spent fuel were utilized to evaluate the performance of the hiRX. The direct detection of just 39 ng of Pu is demonstrated. Initial quantitative results, with error of 4-27% and precision of 2% relative standard deviation (RSD), were obtained for spent fuel samples. The limit of detection for Pu (100 s) within an excitation spot of 200 mu m diameter was 375 pg. This study demonstrates the potential for the hiRX technique to be utilized for the rapid, accurate, and precise determination of Pu. The results highlight the analytical capability of hiRX for other applications requiring sensitive and selective nondestructive analyses. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McIntosh, Kathryn G.; Reilly, Sean D.; Havrilla, George J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McIntosh, KG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kmcintosh@lanl.gov OI Havrilla, George/0000-0003-2052-7152; McIntosh, Kathryn/0000-0002-8623-403X FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program under Seaborg Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship program; Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI), Office of Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Leah Arrigo (PNNL) for supplying the spent fuel samples, and Evelyn Bond, Laura Wolfsberg, and Velma Lopez (LANL) for preparing the samples. The authors also acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program under the auspices of the Seaborg Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship program, and the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI), Office of Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS), National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. LA-UR-14-28020. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 110 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.sab.2015.05.014 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA CN9YS UT WOS:000358807700013 ER PT J AU Feridun, OK Sista, V Eryilmaz, OL Erdemir, A AF Feridun, O. Kahvecioglu Sista, V. Eryilmaz, O. L. Erdemir, A. TI Electrochemical boriding of molybdenum in molten borax SO SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Boriding; Molybdenum; Molten salt electrolysis; Mo2B4.027; Mo2B5 ID AIR-WATER MIXTURE; DISPLACEMENT-REACTIONS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; MO; MO2B5; COMPOSITES; PHASE; SALTS AB In this study, molybdenum plates (99.5% purity) were subjected to electrochemical boriding in a molten borax electrolyte in order to synthesise molybdenum boride phases on exposed surfaces. Electrochemical boriding was carried out at temperatures of 900, 950 and 1000 degrees C for a duration of 30-180 min at a current density of 0.5 A cm(-2). Cross-sectional microscopic examination of the plates indicated formation of 20 to 50 mu m thick boride layers, depending on process temperature and duration. These layers consisted of two distinct boride phases: Mo2B4.027 and Mo2B5. The boride layer cross-sectional hardness was in the range of 1900-3250 HV with 50 g load. The adhesion of the boride coating to the molybdenum substrate was determined by a Rockwell C indentation adhesion test machine. The boride layers produced due to the electrochemical boriding technique were thick, hard, dense, and homogeneous. C1 [Feridun, O. Kahvecioglu; Eryilmaz, O. L.; Erdemir, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sista, V.] Baker Hughes Inc, The Woodlands, TX 77380 USA. RP Feridun, OK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM okahvecioglu@anl.gov RI Kahvecioglu Feridun, Ozgenur/L-3167-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, ITP, under Contract Number DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy for supporting this work. They would also like to thank Dr Onder Guney for performing X-ray diffraction study, which was carried out in the Materials Characterization Laboratory, Istanbul Technical University. The authors would like to thank Gerald Jeka for doing the microscopy imaging and helping in sample preparation. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 13 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0267-0844 EI 1743-2944 J9 SURF ENG JI Surf. Eng. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 31 IS 8 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1179/1743294414Y.0000000446 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA CN7NK UT WOS:000358621100003 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA Beaumont, SK AF Somorjai, G. A. Beaumont, S. K. TI Conquering Catalyst Complexity: Nanoparticle Synthesis and Instrument Development for Molecular and Atomistic Characterisation Under In Situ Conditions SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Science, Science Policy Making, and Sustainable Development at the American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE Heterogeneous catalysis; In situ spectroscopy; Nanoparticles; Particle-size; Oxidation state ID SURFACE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; ENCAPSULATED METAL NANOPARTICLES; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; HOT-ELECTRON FLOW; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; STRUCTURE SENSITIVITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; CO OXIDATION AB Most heterogeneous, homogeneous and enzyme catalysts are nanoparticles. Conquering the complexity of such materials' mode of operation at the atomic and molecular level necessitates being able to elucidate their structure under operational conditions. Here, we show examples of the crucial interplay of atomic or molecular resolution in situ techniques with atomically and molecularly well-defined nanoparticle catalysts to achieve this goal. In particular we focus on mono-dispersed metal nanoparticles in the 0.8-10 nm range with precise size distribution provided by modern colloidal synthetic techniques. These have been used in conjunction with a range of in situ techniques for understanding the complexity of a number of catalytic phenomena. Drawing on the nanoparticle size discrimination afforded by this approach, most metal nanoparticle catalysed covalent bond making/breaking reactions are identified as being structure sensitive, even when that was previously not thought to be the case. Small nanoparticles, below 2 nm, have been found to have changes of electronic structure that give rise to high oxidation state clusters under reaction conditions. These have been utilized to heterogenize typically homogeneous catalytic reactions using metal nanoclusters in the range of 40 atoms or less to carry out reactions on their heterogenized surfaces that would typically be expected only to occur at the higher oxidation state metal centre of a homogeneous organometallic catalyst. The combination of in situ techniques and highly controlled metal nanoparticle structure also allows valuable insights to be achieved in understanding the mechanisms of multicomponent catalysts, catalysis occurring in different fluid phases and phenomena occurring at the metal-oxide interface. C1 [Somorjai, G. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Somorjai, G. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beaumont, S. K.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Beaumont, Simon/F-5272-2012 OI Beaumont, Simon/0000-0002-1973-9783 FU Office of Basic Energy sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geological and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Durham University; Leverhulme Trust FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Basic Energy sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geological and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. SKB gratefully acknowledges fellowship support from both the Durham University Addison Wheeler scheme and the Leverhulme Trust's Early Career Fellowship scheme. NR 90 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 31 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 58 IS 10-11 BP 560 EP 572 DI 10.1007/s11244-015-0398-5 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CN8BJ UT WOS:000358661400002 ER PT J AU Ge, QF Gutowski, M AF Ge, Qingfeng Gutowski, Maciej TI A Comparative Study of Methanol Adsorption and Dissociation over WO3(001) and ReO3(001) SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Surface Science, Science Policy Making, and Sustainable Development at the American-Chemical-Society Meeting CY AUG 10-14, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc DE Transition metal oxides; Methanol; Dissociation; Dehydrogenation; DFT ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; METAL-OXIDE CATALYSTS; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; ELASTIC BAND METHOD; SKELETAL ISOMERIZATION; TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE; SADDLE-POINTS AB Tungsten (5d(4)6s(2)) and rhenium (5d(5)6s(2)) form MO3 oxides (M = W or Re) with similar structures. The adsorption and dissociation of methanol on these oxide surfaces, often used to probe the surface redox centers, have been analyzed using periodic density functional calculations. Molecular adsorption of methanol at the metal site on both surfaces with 0.5 ML oxygen coverage was found to be exothermic with adsorption energies of -74 and -106 kJ/mol on WO3(001) and ReO3(001), respectively. In contrast, heterolytic dissociation of methanol to adsorbed methoxide species at the metal site and H at the surface oxygen site is not energetically favored on WO3(001) but favored on ReO3(001). The dissociation energies to form coadsorbed methoxide and hydrogen adatom are 35 kJ/mol on WO3 and -112 kJ/mol on ReO3, respectively. The activation barrier for dissociating the molecularly adsorbed methanol on ReO3(001) was determined to be 19 kJ/mol. Dehydrogenation to form coadsorbed hydroxymethyl and hydrogen adatom is not energetically favorable on both surfaces with respect to the molecularly adsorbed methanol. However, the dehydrogenation path is exothermic on ReO3 with respect to the gas phase methanol, with the heats of reaction of -25 kJ/mol, but highly endothermic on WO3, with the heats of reaction of 114 kJ/mol. C1 [Ge, Qingfeng] So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Gutowski, Maciej] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gutowski, Maciej] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Chem Sci, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Ge, QF (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM qge@chem.siu.edu; m.gutowski@hw.ac.uk RI Ge, Qingfeng/A-8498-2009 OI Ge, Qingfeng/0000-0001-6026-6693 FU Office of Basics Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-05ER46231]; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported by the Office of Basics Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46231. Calculations was done at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 61 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 EI 1572-9028 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 58 IS 10-11 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.1007/s11244-015-0402-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CN8BJ UT WOS:000358661400011 ER PT J AU Tong, ZX Fu, PC Zhou, SP Dafalias, YF AF Tong, Zhaoxia Fu, Pengcheng Zhou, Shaopeng Dafalias, Yannis F. TI Reply to "Discussion of 'Experimental investigation of shear strength of sands with inherent fabric anisotropy' by Tong et al. (DOI 10.1007/s11440-014-0303-6)" by Gao (DOI 10.1007/s11440-015-0383-y) SO ACTA GEOTECHNICA LA English DT Letter C1 [Tong, Zhaoxia; Zhou, Shaopeng] Beihang Univ, Sch Transportat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Fu, Pengcheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dafalias, Yannis F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dafalias, Yannis F.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Sch Appl Math & Phys Sci, Dept Mech, GR-15773 Athens, Greece. RP Fu, PC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tongzx@buaa.edu.cn; fu4@llnl.gov; zhoushaoepng1987@163.com; jfdafalias@ucdavis.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1861-1125 EI 1861-1133 J9 ACTA GEOTECH JI Acta Geotech. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 10 IS 4 BP 551 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s11440-015-0385-9 PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA CN4DE UT WOS:000358379000011 ER PT J AU Kertesz, V Calligaris, D Feldman, DR Changelian, A Laws, ER Santagata, S Agar, NYR Van Berkel, GJ AF Kertesz, Vilmos Calligaris, David Feldman, Daniel R. Changelian, Armen Laws, Edward R. Santagata, Sandro Agar, Nathalie Y. R. Van Berkel, Gary J. TI Profiling of adrenocorticotropic hormone and arginine vasopressin in human pituitary gland and tumor thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Liquid microjunction; Droplet-based liquid extraction; Autosampler; Spatial distribution; Human pituitary; Protein; Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); AVP (vasopressin); Pituitary adenoma ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SPATIALLY-RESOLVED ANALYSIS; ANALYSIS MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOP-DOWN; CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; MARGIN ANALYSIS; BREAST-CANCER; EXTRACTION; PROTEINS AB Described here are the results from the profiling of the proteins arginine vasopressin (AVP) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from normal human pituitary gland and pituitary adenoma tissue sections, using a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling-HPLC-ESI-MS-MS system for spatially resolved sampling, HPLC separation, and mass spectrometric detection. Excellent correlation was found between the protein distribution data obtained with this method and data obtained with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) chemical imaging analyses of serial sections of the same tissue. The protein distributions correlated with the visible anatomic pattern of the pituitary gland. AVP was most abundant in the posterior pituitary gland region (neurohypophysis), and ATCH was dominant in the anterior pituitary gland region (adenohypophysis). The relative amounts of AVP and ACTH sampled from a series of ACTH-secreting and non-secreting pituitary adenomas correlated with histopathological evaluation. ACTH was readily detected at significantly higher levels in regions of ACTH-secreting adenomas and in normal anterior adenohypophysis compared with non-secreting adenoma and neurohypophysis. AVP was mostly detected in normal neurohypophysis, as expected. This work reveals that a fully automated droplet-based liquid-microjunction surface-sampling system coupled to HPLC-ESI-MS-MS can be readily used for spatially resolved sampling, separation, detection, and semi-quantitation of physiologically-relevant peptide and protein hormones, including AVP and ACTH, directly from human tissue. In addition, the relative simplicity, rapidity, and specificity of this method support the potential of this basic technology, with further advancement, for assisting surgical decision-making. C1 [Kertesz, Vilmos; Van Berkel, Gary J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Calligaris, David; Feldman, Daniel R.; Changelian, Armen; Laws, Edward R.; Agar, Nathalie Y. R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Santagata, Sandro] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Agar, Nathalie Y. R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kertesz, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kerteszv@ornl.gov; Nathalie_Agar@dfci.harvard.edu RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 FU AB Sciex through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement [CRADA NFE-10-02966]; Daniel E. Ponton Fund for the Neurosciences; DFCI Pediatric Low-Grade Astrocytoma (PLGA) Program; NIH Director's New Innovator Award [1DP2OD007383-01]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This project was supported by AB Sciex through a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA NFE-10-02966). The API 4000 used in this work was provided on loan from AB Sciex as part of the CRADA. NYRA was supported by the Daniel E. Ponton Fund for the Neurosciences, the DFCI Pediatric Low-Grade Astrocytoma (PLGA) Program, and the NIH Director's New Innovator Award (Grant 1DP2OD007383-01). The authors would like to thank Aaron Bickel, James Glick, and Jimmy Flarakos from Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (Cambridge, MA) for their valuable help in 3D printing of the custom tray. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 407 IS 20 BP 5989 EP 5998 DI 10.1007/s00216-015-8803-2 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA CN4AS UT WOS:000358371200012 PM 26084546 ER PT J AU Xu, XG Liu, TY Su, L Du, XN Riblett, M Ji, W Gu, DY Carothers, CD Shephard, MS Brown, FB Kalra, MK Liu, B AF Xu, X. George Liu, Tianyu Su, Lin Du, Xining Riblett, Matthew Ji, Wei Gu, Deyang Carothers, Christopher D. Shephard, Mark S. Brown, Forrest B. Kalra, Mannudeep K. Liu, Bob TI ARCHER, a new Monte Carlo software tool for emerging heterogeneous computing environments SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in Nuclear Application (SNA) and Monte Carlo (MC) CY OCT 27-31, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Monte Carlo; Parallel computing; GPU; CUDA; Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor; Radiation dose ID DOSE CALCULATIONS; GPU IMPLEMENTATION; MULTIDETECTOR CT; SIMULATIONS; VALIDATION; TRANSPORT; ALGORITHM; ELECTRONS; PHOTON; GEANT4 AB The Monte Carlo radiation transport community faces a number of challenges associated with peta- and exa-scale computing systems that rely increasingly on heterogeneous architectures involving hardware accelerators such as GPUs and Xeon Phi coprocessors. Existing Monte Carlo codes and methods must be strategically upgraded to meet emerging hardware and software needs. In this paper, we describe the development of a software, called ARCHER (Accelerated Radiation-transport Computations in Heterogeneous EnviRonments), which is designed as a versatile testbed for future Monte Carlo codes. Preliminary results from five projects in nuclear engineering and medical physics are presented. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, X. George; Liu, Tianyu; Su, Lin; Du, Xining; Riblett, Matthew; Ji, Wei; Gu, Deyang; Carothers, Christopher D.; Shephard, Mark S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Brown, Forrest B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kalra, Mannudeep K.; Liu, Bob] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Xu, XG (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM xug2@rpi.edu OI Riblett, Matthew/0000-0003-1049-1774 FU U.S. National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [R01EB0 15478] FX Research is supported in part by a grant from the U.S. National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB0 15478). NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 82 SI SI BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.062 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN0IJ UT WOS:000358097000002 ER PT J AU Adams, T Nolen, S Sweezy, J Zukaitis, A Campbell, J Goorley, T Greene, S Aulwes, R AF Adams, Terry Nolen, Steve Sweezy, Jeremy Zukaitis, Anthony Campbell, Joann Goorley, Tim Greene, Simon Aulwes, Rob TI Monte Carlo Application ToolKit (MCATK) SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in Nuclear Application (SNA) and Monte Carlo (MC) CY OCT 27-31, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Monte Carlo particle transport; Component software; Agile development; Parallel computing; Time-dependent; Population control AB The Monte Carlo Application ToolKit (MCATK) is a component-based software library designed to build specialized applications and to provide new functionality for existing general purpose Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. We will describe MCATK and its capabilities along with presenting some verification and validations results. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, Terry; Nolen, Steve; Sweezy, Jeremy; Zukaitis, Anthony; Campbell, Joann; Goorley, Tim; Aulwes, Rob] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Greene, Simon] AWE Aldermaston, Design Phys Dept, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Adams, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tadams@lanl.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 82 SI SI BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.047 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN0IJ UT WOS:000358097000006 ER PT J AU Rearden, BT Petrie, LM Peplow, DE Bekar, KB Wiarda, D Celik, C Perfetti, CM Ibrahim, AM Hart, SWD Dunn, ME Marshall, WJ AF Rearden, B. T. Petrie, L. M. Peplow, D. E. Bekar, K. B. Wiarda, D. Celik, C. Perfetti, C. M. Ibrahim, A. M. Hart, S. W. D. Dunn, M. E. Marshall, W. J. TI Monte Carlo capabilities of the SCALE code system SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in Nuclear Application (SNA) and Monte Carlo (MC) CY OCT 27-31, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE DE SCALE; Monte Carlo; Criticality safety; Shielding; Sensitivity analysis; Depletion ID SENSITIVITY AB SCALE is a widely used suite of tools for nuclear systems modeling and simulation that provides comprehensive, verified and validated, user-friendly capabilities for criticality safety, reactor physics, radiation shielding, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. For more than 30 years, regulators, licensees, and research institutions around the world have used SCALE for nuclear safety analysis and design. SCALE provides a "plug-and-play" framework that includes three deterministic and three Monte Carlo radiation transport solvers that can be selected based on the desired solution, including hybrid deterministic/ Monte Carlo simulations. SCALE includes the latest nuclear data libraries for continuous-energy and multigroup radiation transport as well as activation, depletion, and decay calculations. SCALE's graphical user interfaces assist with accurate system modeling, visualization, and convenient access to desired results. SCALE 6.2 will provide several new capabilities and significant improvements in many existing features, especially with expanded continuous-energy Monte Carlo capabilities for criticality safety, shielding, depletion, and sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. An overview of the Monte Carlo capabilities of SCALE is provided here, with emphasis on new features for SCALE 6.2. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rearden, B. T.; Petrie, L. M.; Peplow, D. E.; Bekar, K. B.; Wiarda, D.; Celik, C.; Perfetti, C. M.; Ibrahim, A. M.; Dunn, M. E.; Marshall, W. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hart, S. W. D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37921 USA. RP Rearden, BT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reardenb@ornl.gov OI Celik, Cihangir/0000-0001-7387-0216 FU US Nuclear Regulatory Commission; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX SCALE is sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the US Department of Energy.; This manuscript has been authored by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-000R22725 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 82 SI SI BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.019 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN0IJ UT WOS:000358097000017 ER PT J AU Tramm, JR Siegel, AR AF Tramm, John R. Siegel, Andrew R. TI Memory bottlenecks and memory contention in multi-core Monte Carlo transport codes SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint International Conference on Supercomputing in Nuclear Application (SNA) and Monte Carlo (MC) CY OCT 27-31, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Monte Carlo; Neutron transport; Reactor simulation; Cross section; Benchmarks; High performance computing AB We have extracted a kernel that executes only the most computationally expensive steps of the Monte Carlo particle transport algorithm - the calculation of macroscopic cross sections - in an effort to expose bottlenecks within multi-core, shared memory architectures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tramm, John R.; Siegel, Andrew R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Exascale Simulat Adv Reactors, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tramm, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Exascale Simulat Adv Reactors, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jtramm@mcs.anl.gov OI Tramm, John/0000-0002-5397-4402 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The submitted manuscript has been created by the University of Chicago as Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne") under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 82 SI SI BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.038 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN0IJ UT WOS:000358097000024 ER PT J AU Shea, C Alexoff, DL Kim, D Hogue, R Schueller, MJ Fowler, JS Qu, WC AF Shea, Colleen Alexoff, David L. Kim, Dohyun Hogue, Ruma Schueller, Michael J. Fowler, Joanna S. Qu, Wenchao TI Total cyanide mass measurement with micro-ion selective electrode for determination of specific activity of carbon-11 cyanide SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Carbon-11 Cyanide; Automated [C-11]HCN production system; Micro-ion selective electrode; Specific activity ID POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; HCN PRODUCTION; RADIOSYNTHESIS; ACID; DERIVATIVES AB In this research, we aim to directly measure the specific activity (SA) of the carbon-11 cyanide ([C-11]C (N) over bar) produced, by our in-house built automated [C-11]HCN production system and to identify the major sources of C-12-cyanide (C-12 (N) over bar). The [C-11]C (N) over bar is produced from [C-11]CO2, which is generated by the N-14(p,alpha)C-11 nuclear reaction using a cyclotron. Direct measurement of cyanide concentrations was accomplished using a relatively inexpensive, and easy to use ion selective electrode (ISE) which offered an appropriate range of sensitivity for detecting mass. Multiple components of the [C-11]HCN production system were isolated in order to determine their relative contributions to C-12 (N) over bar mass. It was determined that the system gases were responsible for approximately 30% of the mass, and that the molecular sieve/nickel furnace unit contributed approximately 70% of the mass. Beam on target (33 mu A for 1 and 10 min) did not contribute significantly to the mass. Additionally, we compared the SA of our [C-11]HCN precursor determined using the ISE to the SA of our current [C-11]C (N) over bar derived radiotracers determined by HPLC to assure there was no significant difference between the two methods. These results are the first reported use of an ion selective electrode to determine the SA of no-carrier-added cyanide ion, and clearly show that it is a valuable, inexpensive and readily available tool suitable for this purpose. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shea, Colleen; Alexoff, David L.; Kim, Dohyun; Hogue, Ruma; Schueller, Michael J.; Fowler, Joanna S.; Qu, Wenchao] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Alexoff, DL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biol Environm & Climate Sci Dept, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cshea@bnl.gov; alexoff@bnl.gov; dohkim@bnl.gov; hoqueruma@gmail.com; mschueller@bnl.gov; fowler@bnl.gov; wqu@bnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research within the Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships (SULI) program at the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been co-authored by employees of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research within the Office of Science. Ruma Hogue was also supported by Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships (SULI) program at the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.04.014 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CN0IT UT WOS:000358098000008 PM 25980658 ER PT J AU Varga, Z Mayer, K Bonamici, CE Hubert, A Hutcheon, I Kinman, W Kristo, M Pointurier, F Spencer, K Stanley, F Steiner, R Tandon, L Williams, R AF Varga, Z. Mayer, K. Bonamici, C. E. Hubert, A. Hutcheon, I. Kinman, W. Kristo, M. Pointurier, F. Spencer, K. Stanley, F. Steiner, R. Tandon, L. Williams, R. TI Validation of reference materials for uranium radiochronometry in the frame of nuclear forensic investigations SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Nuclear forensics; Age determination; Uranium; Thorium ID METHODOLOGY AB The results of a joint effort by expert nuclear forensic laboratories in the area of age dating of uranium, i.e. the elapsed time since the last chemical purification of the material are presented and discussed. Completely separated uranium materials of known production date were distributed among the laboratories, and the samples were dated according to routine laboratory procedures by the measurement of the Th-230/U-234 ratio. The measurement results were in good agreement with the known production date showing that the concept for preparing uranium age dating reference material based on complete separation is valid. Detailed knowledge of the laboratory procedures used for uranium age dating allows the identification of possible improvements in the current protocols and the development of improved practice in the future. The availability of age dating reference materials as well as the evolvement of the age dating best-practice protocol will increase the relevance and applicability of age dating as part of the tool-kit available for nuclear forensic investigations. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Varga, Z.; Mayer, K.] European Commiss, JRC, ITU, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Bonamici, C. E.; Kinman, W.; Spencer, K.; Stanley, F.; Steiner, R.; Tandon, L.] Las Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hubert, A.; Pointurier, F.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Hutcheon, I.; Kristo, M.; Williams, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Varga, Z (reprint author), European Commiss, JRC, ITU, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM zsolt.varga@ec.europa.eu OI Varga, Zsolt/0000-0003-1910-7505 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Non-proliferation and International Security FX Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. This publication is LA-UR-14-28168. Work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LANL and LLNL thank the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Non-proliferation and International Security, for financial support. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 102 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.05.005 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CN0IT UT WOS:000358098000013 PM 26043276 ER PT J AU Morrison, GM Yeh, S Eggert, AR Yang, C Nelson, JH Greenblatt, JB Isaac, R Jacobson, MZ Johnston, J Kammen, DM Mileva, A Moore, J Roland-Holst, D Wei, M Weyant, JP Williams, JH Williams, R Zapata, CB AF Morrison, Geoffrey M. Yeh, Sonia Eggert, Anthony R. Yang, Christopher Nelson, James H. Greenblatt, Jeffery B. Isaac, Raphael Jacobson, Mark Z. Johnston, Josiah Kammen, Daniel M. Mileva, Ana Moore, Jack Roland-Holst, David Wei, Max Weyant, John P. Williams, James H. Williams, Ray Zapata, Christina B. TI Comparison of low-carbon pathways for California SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; ENERGY; ELECTRICITY; SYSTEMS; MODELS AB Jurisdictions throughout the world are contemplating greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies that will enable meeting long-term GHG targets. Many jurisdictions are now focusing on the 2020-2050 timeframe. We conduct an inter-model comparison of nine California statewide energy models with GHG mitigation scenarios to 2050 to better understand common insights across models, ranges of intermediate GHG targets (i.e., for 2030), necessary technology deployment rates, and future modeling needs for the state. The models are diverse in their representation of the California economy: across scenarios with deep reductions in GHGs, annual statewide GHG emissions are 8-46 % lower than 1990 levels by 2030 and 59-84 % lower by 2050 (not including the Wind-Water-Solar model); the largest cumulative reductions occur in scenarios that favor early mitigation; non-hydroelectric renewables account for 30-58 % of electricity generated for the state in 2030 and 30-89 % by 2050 (not including the Wind-Water-Solar model) ; the transportation sector is decarbonized using a mix of energy efficiency gains and alternative-fueled vehicles; and bioenergy is directed almost exclusively towards the transportation sector, accounting for a maximum of 40 % of transportation energy by 2050. Models suggest that without new policies, emissions from non-energy sectors and from high-global-warming-potential gases may alone exceed California's 2050 GHG goal. Finally, future modeling efforts should focus on the: economic impacts and logistical feasibility of given scenarios, interactive effects between two or more climate policies, role of uncertainty in the state's long-term energy planning, and identification of pathways that achieve the dual goals of criteria pollutant and GHG emission reduction. C1 [Morrison, Geoffrey M.; Yeh, Sonia; Yang, Christopher; Isaac, Raphael] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eggert, Anthony R.] Univ Calif Davis, Policy Inst Energy Environm & Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nelson, James H.] Union Concerned Scientists, Berkeley, CA USA. [Greenblatt, Jeffery B.; Wei, Max] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Anal & Environm Impacts Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jacobson, Mark Z.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Johnston, Josiah; Kammen, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mileva, Ana; Moore, Jack; Williams, James H.] Energy & Environm Econ, San Francisco, CA USA. [Roland-Holst, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weyant, John P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Management Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Williams, James H.] Monterey Inst Int Studies, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Williams, Ray] Pacific Gas & Elect Co, San Francisco, CA 94106 USA. [Zapata, Christina B.] Univ Calif Davis, Civil & Environm Engn Dept, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Morrison, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gmorrison@ucdavis.edu OI Yeh, Sonia/0000-0002-4852-1177 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2015 VL 131 IS 4 BP 545 EP 557 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1403-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN1KR UT WOS:000358179400007 ER PT J AU Jones, AD Calvin, KV Collins, WD Edmonds, J AF Jones, Andrew D. Calvin, Katherine V. Collins, William D. Edmonds, James TI Accounting for radiative forcing from albedo change in future global land-use scenarios SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; BENEFITS; IMPACTS; SYSTEM; POLICY AB We demonstrate the effectiveness of a new method for quantifying radiative forcing from land use and land cover change (LULCC) within an integrated assessment model, the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM). The method relies on geographically differentiated estimates of radiative forcing from albedo change associated with major land cover transitions derived from the Community Earth System Model. We find that conversion of 1 km(2) of woody vegetation (forest and shrublands) to non-woody vegetation (crops and grassland) yields between 0 and -0.71 nW/m(2) of globally averaged radiative forcing determined by the vegetation characteristics, snow dynamics, and atmospheric radiation environment characteristic within each of 151 regions we consider globally. Across a set of scenarios designed to span a range of potential future LULCC, we find LULCC forcing ranging from -0.06 to -0.29 W/m(2) by 2070 depending on assumptions regarding future crop yield growth and whether climate policy favors afforestation or bioenergy crops. Inclusion of this previously uncounted forcing in the policy targets driving future climate mitigation efforts leads to changes in fossil fuel emissions on the order of 1.5 PgC/yr by 2070 for a climate forcing limit of 4.5 Wm(-2), corresponding to a 12-67 % change in fossil fuel emissions depending on the scenario. Scenarios with significant afforestation must compensate for albedo-induced warming through additional emissions reductions, and scenarios with significant deforestation need not mitigate as aggressively due to albedo-induced cooling. In all scenarios considered, inclusion of albedo forcing in policy targets increases forest and shrub cover globally. C1 [Jones, Andrew D.; Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Calvin, Katherine V.; Edmonds, James] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Collins, William D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jones, AD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM adjones@lbl.gov RI Jones, Andrew/M-4363-2013; Collins, William/J-3147-2014; OI Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-1913-7870; Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848; Calvin, Katherine/0000-0003-2191-4189 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-0 5CH11231]; National Science Foundation; Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-0 5CH11231] FX This research was supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Improving the Representations of Human-Earth System Interactions Project. This work used the Community Earth System Model, CESM and the Global Change Assessment Model, GCAM. The National Science Foundation and the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy support the CESM project. The authors acknowledge long-term support for GCAM development from the Integrated Assessment Research Program in the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-0 5CH11231. Battelle Memorial Institute operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-0 5CH11231. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2015 VL 131 IS 4 BP 691 EP 703 DI 10.1007/s10584-015-1411-5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN1KR UT WOS:000358179400017 ER PT J AU Gurrala, G AF Gurrala, Gurunath TI Loewner matrix approach for modelling FDNEs of power systems SO ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Frequency dependent network equivalents; Tangential interpolation; Loewner matrix; Electromagnetic transients (EMT); Vector fitting ID DEPENDENT NETWORK EQUIVALENTS; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSIENTS; RATIONAL APPROXIMATION; IDENTIFICATION; RESPONSES; PASSIVITY AB This paper proposes a new approach for modelling frequency dependent power system network equivalents (FDNE) using tangential interpolation framework based on Loewner matrix (LM) pencil. The Loewner matrix based tangential interpolation technique has been recently proposed for modelling of large multi-port VLSI circuits. The LM approach fits accurate state space descriptor system models from the frequency response measurements. Singular value decomposition based LM approach has been investigated in this paper for modelling of FDNEs. The proposed method's performance is compared to the widely used vector fitting approach using four power system examples. A simple matrix implementation for LM formation and a MATLAB based stable model extraction approach is proposed. It has been shown that the data splitting step of the LM approach has significant impact on the accuracy of the fitting. The LM method is shown to be comparable to vector fitting in terms of accuracy, stability and passivity. It does not require any starting poles and has no convergence issues because it is a non-iterative method. It also gives an indication of the system order which is a unique advantage. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gurrala, Gurunath] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Gurrala, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM garunath_gurrala@yahoo.co.in NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7796 EI 1873-2046 J9 ELECTR POW SYST RES JI Electr. Power Syst. Res. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 125 BP 116 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.03.016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA CN0JZ UT WOS:000358101200013 ER PT J AU Maddalena, R Mendell, MJ Eliseeva, K Chan, WR Sullivan, DP Russell, M Satish, U Fisk, WJ AF Maddalena, R. Mendell, M. J. Eliseeva, K. Chan, W. R. Sullivan, D. P. Russell, M. Satish, U. Fisk, W. J. TI Effects of ventilation rate per person and per floor area on perceived air quality, sick building syndrome symptoms, and decision-making SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Cognitive performance; Health symptoms; Perceived air quality; Ventilation ID PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; HEALTH; OFFICE AB Ventilation rates (VRs) in buildings must adequately control indoor levels of pollutants; however, VRs are constrained by the energy costs. Experiments in a simulated office assessed the effects of VR per occupant on perceived air quality (PAQ), Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms, and decision-making performance. A parallel set of experiments assessed the effects of VR per unit floor area on the same outcomes. Sixteen blinded healthy young adult subjects participated in each study. Each exposure lasted four hours and each subject experienced two conditions in a within-subject study design. The order of presentation of test conditions, day of testing, and gender were balanced. Temperature, relative humidity, VRs, and concentrations of pollutants were monitored. Online surveys assessed PAQ and SBS symptoms and a validated computer-based tool measured decision-making performance. Neither changing the VR per person nor changing the VR per floor area, had consistent statistically significant effects on PAQ or SBS symptoms. However, reductions in either occupant-based VR or floor-area-based VR had a significant and independent negative impact on most decision-making measures. These results indicate that the changes in VR employed in the study influence performance of healthy young adults even when PAQ and SBS symptoms are unaffected. C1 [Maddalena, R.; Mendell, M. J.; Eliseeva, K.; Chan, W. R.; Sullivan, D. P.; Russell, M.; Fisk, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eliseeva, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Satish, U.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Fisk, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wjfisk@lbl.gov FU California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program; DOE [500-09-049, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program, Energy-Related Environmental Research Program, award number 500-09-049 under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 between the University of California and the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors thank Marla Mueller for programme management and members of the advisory committee for reviewing a draft document on which this paper is based. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 8 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6947 EI 1600-0668 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 362 EP 370 DI 10.1111/ina.12149 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CN1LL UT WOS:000358181400002 PM 25142723 ER PT J AU Chan, WR Cohn, S Sidheswaran, M Sullivan, DP Fisk, WJ AF Chan, W. R. Cohn, S. Sidheswaran, M. Sullivan, D. P. Fisk, W. J. TI Contaminant levels, source strengths, and ventilation rates in California retail stores SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Ventilation; Volatile organic compounds; Formaldehyde; Ozone; Building energy efficiency standards ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BUILDINGS; INDOOR; AIR; OZONE AB This field study measured ventilation rates and indoor air quality in 21 visits to retail stores in California. Three types of stores, such as grocery, furniture/hardware stores, and apparel, were sampled. Ventilation rates measured using a tracer gas decay method exceeded the minimum requirement of California's Title 24 Standard in all but one store. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and carbon dioxide measured indoors and outdoors were analyzed. Even though there was adequate ventilation according to standard, concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exceeded the most stringent chronic health guidelines in many of the sampled stores. The whole-building emission rates of VOCs were estimated from the measured ventilation rates and the concentrations measured indoor and outdoor. Estimated formaldehyde emission rates suggest that retail stores would need to ventilate at levels far exceeding the current Title 24 requirement to lower indoor concentrations below California's stringent formaldehyde reference level. Given the high costs of providing ventilation, effective source control is an attractive alternative. C1 [Chan, W. R.; Cohn, S.; Sidheswaran, M.; Sullivan, D. P.; Fisk, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chan, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wrchan@lbl.gov FU California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy [500-09-049, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of California [500-09-049, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The research reported here was supported by the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program, Energy-Related Environmental Research Program, award number 500-09-049 under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 between the U.S. Department of Energy and the University of California. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0905-6947 EI 1600-0668 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1111/ina.12152 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA CN1LL UT WOS:000358181400004 PM 25155526 ER PT J AU Markidis, S Gong, J Schliephake, M Laure, E Hart, A Henty, D Heisey, K Fischer, P AF Markidis, Stefano Gong, Jing Schliephake, Michael Laure, Erwin Hart, Alistair Henty, David Heisey, Katherine Fischer, Paul TI OpenACC acceleration of the Nek5000 spectral element code SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Exascale Applications and Software Conference (EASC) CY APR 09-11, 2013 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND DE OpenACC; Nek5000; porting NekBone to GPU; optimization of NekBone with OpenACC AB We present a case study of porting NekBone, a skeleton version of the Nek5000 code, to a parallel GPU-accelerated system. Nek5000 is a computational fluid dynamics code based on the spectral element method used for the simulation of incompressible flow. The original NekBone Fortran source code has been used as the base and enhanced by OpenACC directives. The profiling of NekBone provided an assessment of the suitability of the code for GPU systems, and indicated possible kernel optimizations. To port NekBone to GPU systems required little effort and a small number of additional lines of code (approximately one OpenACC directive per 1000 lines of code). The naive implementation using OpenACC leads to little performance improvement: on a single node, from 16 Gflops obtained with the version without OpenACC, we reached 20 Gflops with the naive OpenACC implementation. An optimized NekBone version leads to a 43 Gflop performance on a single node. In addition, we ported and optimized NekBone to parallel GPU systems, reaching a parallel efficiency of 79.9% on 1024 GPUs of the Titan XK7 supercomputer at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. C1 [Markidis, Stefano; Gong, Jing; Schliephake, Michael; Laure, Erwin] KTH Royal Inst Technol, HPCViz Dept, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Henty, David] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh Parallel Comp Ctr, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Heisey, Katherine; Fischer, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Markidis, S (reprint author), KTH Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. EM markidis@kth.se FU European Commission [87703, 610598]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-08ER25835] FX This research received funding from two European Commission projects (grant numbers 87703, http://www.cresta-project.eu/ and 610598, http://www.epigram-project.eu/). KH and PF were supported by the US Department of Energy (contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 and award number DE-FG02-08ER25835). NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1177/1094342015576846 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CN4QD UT WOS:000358414200006 ER PT J AU Dun, N Fujita, H Tramm, JR Chien, AA Siegel, AR AF Dun, Nan Fujita, Hajime Tramm, John R. Chien, Andrew A. Siegel, Andrew R. TI Data decomposition in Monte Carlo neutron transport simulations using global view arrays SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; neutron transport; data decomposition; global array; one-sided communication; exascale computing ID PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHM; CODE AB Accommodating large tally data can be a challenging problem for Monte Carlo neutron transport simulations. Current approaches include either simple data replication, or are based on application-controlled decomposition such as domain partitioning or client/server models, which are limited by either memory cost or performance loss. We propose and analyze an alternative solution based on global view arrays. By using global view arrays, tallies are naturally partitioned into small globally addressable blocks that fit in the limited on-node memory of compute nodes, achieving both highly scalable memory and performance efficiency. This approach also greatly simplifies the programmability compared with application-controlled approaches. Our implementation is based on integrating a global view library built on MPI one-sided communication, global view resilience (GVR), into the OpenMC Monte Carlo transport code. The remote memory access (RMA)-based global view array implementation is able to achieve 85% efficiency at 16,384 processes compared with 1,000 processes with 2.39TB mesh tally across 1,366 nodes on a Cray XC30 supercomputer. Our results improve scalability significantly compared with the tally server approach and are better than any other published results, indicating that global view array is a promising alternative to enable full-core light water reactor analysis on current and future computer systems. C1 [Dun, Nan; Fujita, Hajime; Chien, Andrew A.; Siegel, Andrew R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dun, Nan; Fujita, Hajime; Tramm, John R.; Chien, Andrew A.; Siegel, Andrew R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tramm, John R.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dun, N (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, 1100 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM dun@cs.uchicago.edu OI Tramm, John/0000-0002-5397-4402 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0008603, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (award DE-SC0008603 and contract DE-AC02-06CH11357). We also gratefully acknowledge the computing resources provided on Midway, high-performance computing cluster operated by the Research Computing Center at The University of Chicago, and the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 348 EP 365 DI 10.1177/1094342015577681 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CN4QD UT WOS:000358414200009 ER PT J AU Anzt, H Tomov, S Luszczek, P Sawyer, W Dongarra, J AF Anzt, Hartwig Tomov, Stanimire Luszczek, Piotr Sawyer, William Dongarra, Jack TI Acceleration of GPU-based Krylov solvers via data transfer reduction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Krylov subspace methods; iterative solvers; sparse linear systems; graphics processing units; BiCGSTAB ID LINEAR-SYSTEMS AB Krylov subspace iterative solvers are often the method of choice when solving large sparse linear systems. At the same time, hardware accelerators such as graphics processing units continue to offer significant floating point performance gains for matrix and vector computations through easy-to-use libraries of computational kernels. However, as these libraries are usually composed of a well optimized but limited set of linear algebra operations, applications that use them often fail to reduce certain data communications, and hence fail to leverage the full potential of the accelerator. In this paper, we target the acceleration of Krylov subspace iterative methods for graphics processing units, and in particular the Biconjugate Gradient Stabilized solver that significant improvement can be achieved by reformulating the method to reduce data-communications through application-specific kernels instead of using the generic BLAS kernels, e.g. as provided by NVIDIA's cuBLAS library, and by designing a graphics processing unit specific sparse matrix-vector product kernel that is able to more efficiently use the graphics processing unit's computing power. Furthermore, we derive a model estimating the performance improvement, and use experimental data to validate the expected runtime savings. Considering that the derived implementation achieves significantly higher performance, we assert that similar optimizations addressing algorithm structure, as well as sparse matrix-vector, are crucial for the subsequent development of high-performance graphics processing units accelerated Krylov subspace iterative methods. C1 [Anzt, Hartwig; Tomov, Stanimire; Luszczek, Piotr; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sawyer, William] Swiss Natl Supercomp Ctr CSCS, Lugano, Switzerland. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Anzt, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Innovat Comp Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hanzt@icl.utk.edu FU National Science Foundation [ACI-1339822]; Department of Energy [DE-SC0010042]; Russian Scientific Fund [N14-11-00190] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ACI-1339822, Department of Energy grant No. DE-SC0010042, and the Russian Scientific Fund, Agreement N14-11-00190. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 EI 1741-2846 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 29 IS 3 SI SI BP 366 EP 383 DI 10.1177/1094342015580139 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CN4QD UT WOS:000358414200010 ER PT J AU Nobu, MK Narihiro, T Rinke, C Kamagata, Y Tringe, SG Woyke, T Liu, WT AF Nobu, Masaru K. Narihiro, Takashi Rinke, Christian Kamagata, Yoichi Tringe, Susannah G. Woyke, Tanja Liu, Wen-Tso TI Microbial dark matter ecogenomics reveals complex synergistic networks in a methanogenic bioreactor SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV.; DEGRADING TEREPHTHALATE; PELOBACTER-CARBINOLICUS; SYNTROPHIC ASSOCIATION; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; ACETOBACTERIUM-WOODII; ELECTRON BIFURCATION; ENERGY-CONSERVATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CANDIDATE DIVISION AB Ecogenomic investigation of a methanogenic bioreactor degrading terephthalate (TA) allowed elucidation of complex synergistic networks of uncultivated microorganisms, including those from candidate phyla with no cultivated representatives. Our previous metagenomic investigation proposed that Pelotomaculum and methanogens may interact with uncultivated organisms to degrade TA; however, many members of the community remained unaddressed because of past technological limitations. In further pursuit, this study employed state-of-the-art omics tools to generate draft genomes and transcriptomes for uncultivated organisms spanning 15 phyla and reports the first genomic insight into candidate phyla Atribacteria, Hydrogenedentes and Marinimicrobia in methanogenic environments. Metabolic reconstruction revealed that these organisms perform fermentative, syntrophic and acetogenic catabolism facilitated by energy conservation revolving around H-2 metabolism. Several of these organisms could degrade TA catabolism by-products (acetate, butyrate and H-2) and syntrophically support Pelotomaculum. Other taxa could scavenge anabolic products (protein and lipids) presumably derived from detrital biomass produced by the TA-degrading community. The protein scavengers expressed complementary metabolic pathways indicating syntrophic and fermentative step-wise protein degradation through amino acids, branched-chain fatty acids and propionate. Thus, the uncultivated organisms may interact to form an intricate syntrophy-supported food web with Pelotomaculum and methanogens to metabolize catabolic by-products and detritus, whereby facilitating holistic TA mineralization to CO2 and CH4. C1 [Nobu, Masaru K.; Narihiro, Takashi; Liu, Wen-Tso] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Narihiro, Takashi; Kamagata, Yoichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Bioprod Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Rinke, Christian; Tringe, Susannah G.; Woyke, Tanja] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Kamagata, Yoichi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Bioprod Res Inst, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. RP Liu, WT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 North Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wtliu@illinois.edu RI Liu, Wen-Tso/C-8788-2011; Narihiro, Takashi/L-8617-2016; OI Liu, Wen-Tso/0000-0002-8700-9803; Narihiro, Takashi/0000-0003-2936-7204; Rinke, Christian/0000-0003-4632-1187; Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427 FU US Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0006771]; Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) FX We acknowledge Peiying Hong, Xianzheng Li and Hideyuki Tamaki for sample preparation. We thank Bernhard Schink for etymological advice on Prokaryote Candidatus nomenclature. We also thank reviewers for invaluable input. The work conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work is also supported by the US Department of Energy under Award DE-SC0006771 to the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and a grant from the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) to WTL. NR 65 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1710 EP 1722 DI 10.1038/ismej.2014.256 PG 13 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA CN2OA UT WOS:000358260100003 PM 25615435 ER PT J AU Hug, LA Thomas, BC Brown, CT Frischkorn, KR Williams, KH Tringe, SG Banfield, JF AF Hug, Laura A. Thomas, Brian C. Brown, Christopher T. Frischkorn, Kyle R. Williams, Kenneth H. Tringe, Susannah G. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Aquifer environment selects for microbial species cohorts in sediment and groundwater SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; UNCULTURED BACTERIA; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; SUBSURFACE; MICROORGANISMS; BARRIERS; ARCHAEA; BIOMASS; MUSCLE AB Little is known about the biogeography or stability of sediment-associated microbial community membership because these environments are biologically complex and generally difficult to sample. High-throughput-sequencing methods provide new opportunities to simultaneously genomically sample and track microbial community members across a large number of sampling sites or times, with higher taxonomic resolution than is associated with 16 S ribosomal RNA gene surveys, and without the disadvantages of primer bias and gene copy number uncertainty. We characterized a sediment community at 5m depth in an aquifer adjacent to the Colorado River and tracked its most abundant 133 organisms across 36 different sediment and groundwater samples. We sampled sites separated by centimeters, meters and tens of meters, collected on seven occasions over 6 years. Analysis of 1.4 terabase pairs of DNA sequence showed that these 133 organisms were more consistently detected in saturated sediments than in samples from the vadose zone, from distant locations or from groundwater filtrates. Abundance profiles across aquifer locations and from different sampling times identified organism cohorts that comprised subsets of the 133 organisms that were consistently associated. The data suggest that cohorts are partly selected for by shared environmental adaptation. C1 [Hug, Laura A.; Thomas, Brian C.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Christopher T.] Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. [Frischkorn, Kyle R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Williams, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tringe, Susannah G.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Metagenome Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Banfield, Jillian F.] Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Hug, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Banfield Lab, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM laura.hug@berkeley.edu RI Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-SC0004918]; NSERC FX Metagenome sequence was generated at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, via the Community Sequencing Program. Research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research under Award Number DE-AC02-05CH11231 (Sustainable Systems Scientific Focus Area and DOE-JGI) and Award Number DE-SC0004918 (Systems Biology Knowledge Base Focus Area). LAH was partially supported by an NSERC Post-Doctoral Fellowship. We would like to thank Tijana Glavina del Rio and Shweta Deshpande for assistance with the sequencing. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 9 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1846 EP 1856 DI 10.1038/ismej.2015.2 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA CN2OA UT WOS:000358260100014 PM 25647349 ER PT J AU Lau, MCY Stackhouse, BT Layton, AC Chauhan, A Vishnivetskaya, TA Chourey, K Ronholm, J Mykytczuk, NCS Bennett, PC Lamarche-Gagnon, G Burton, N Pollard, WH Omelon, CR Medvigy, DM Hettich, RL Pfiffner, SM Whyte, LG Onstott, TC AF Lau, M. C. Y. Stackhouse, B. T. Layton, A. C. Chauhan, A. Vishnivetskaya, T. A. Chourey, K. Ronholm, J. Mykytczuk, N. C. S. Bennett, P. C. Lamarche-Gagnon, G. Burton, N. Pollard, W. H. Omelon, C. R. Medvigy, D. M. Hettich, R. L. Pfiffner, S. M. Whyte, L. G. Onstott, T. C. TI An active atmospheric methane sink in high Arctic mineral cryosols SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOREST SOILS; PERMAFROST SOILS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CH4 OXIDATION; EMISSIONS; TUNDRA; MONOOXYGENASE; CONSUMPTION; OXIDIZERS; MODELS AB Methane (CH4) emission by carbon-rich cryosols at the high latitudes in Northern Hemisphere has been studied extensively. In contrast, data on the CH4 emission potential of carbon-poor cryosols is limited, despite their spatial predominance. This work employs CH4 flux measurements in the field and under laboratory conditions to show that the mineral cryosols at Axel Heiberg Island in the Canadian high Arctic consistently consume atmospheric CH4. Omics analyses present the first molecular evidence of active atmospheric CH4-oxidizing bacteria (atmMOB) in permafrost-affected cryosols, with the prevalent atmMOB genotype in our acidic mineral cryosols being closely related to Upland Soil Cluster alpha. The atmospheric (atm) CH4 uptake at the study site increases with ground temperature between 0 degrees C and 18 degrees C. Consequently, the atm CH4 sink strength is predicted to increase by a factor of 5-30 as the Arctic warms by 5-15 degrees C over a century. We demonstrate that acidic mineral cryosols are a previously unrecognized potential of CH4 sink that requires further investigation to determine its potential impact on larger scales. This study also calls attention to the poleward distribution of atmMOB, as well as to the potential influence of microbial atm CH4 oxidation, in the context of regional CH4 flux models and global warming. C1 [Lau, M. C. Y.; Stackhouse, B. T.; Burton, N.; Medvigy, D. M.; Onstott, T. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Layton, A. C.; Chauhan, A.; Vishnivetskaya, T. A.; Pfiffner, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Chourey, K.; Hettich, R. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ronholm, J.; Mykytczuk, N. C. S.; Lamarche-Gagnon, G.; Whyte, L. G.] McGill Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. [Mykytczuk, N. C. S.] Laurentian Univ, Vale Living Lakes Ctr, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada. [Bennett, P. C.; Omelon, C. R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Pollard, W. H.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Lau, MCY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM maglau@princeton.edu RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; , /0000-0002-9216-3813; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/0000-0002-0660-023X FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0004902]; NSF [ARC-0909482]; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) [206704]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [298520-05]; Northern Research Supplements Program [305490-05] FX We thank the Canadian Polar Continental Shelf Program (PCSP) for their logistical support and McGill University's High Arctic Research Station. The project was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-SC0004902) to TCO and SMP; NSF grant (ARC-0909482) to ACL; and grants from Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) (206704) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant Program (298520-05) and the Northern Research Supplements Program (305490-05) to LGW. We also thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 8 U2 43 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 8 BP 1880 EP 1891 DI 10.1038/ismej.2015.13 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA CN2OA UT WOS:000358260100017 PM 25871932 ER PT J AU Morrow, BM Cerreta, EK McCabe, RJ Tome, CN AF Morrow, B. M. Cerreta, E. K. McCabe, R. J. Tome, C. N. TI Transmission Electron Microscope In Situ Straining Technique to Directly Observe Defects and Interfaces During Deformation in Magnesium SO JOM LA English DT Article ID TWIN-TWIN INTERACTIONS; CLOSE-PACKED METALS; HCP METALS; INSITU DEFORMATION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; PRISMATIC GLIDE; DISLOCATIONS; MECHANISMS; ZIRCONIUM; CRYSTALS AB In situ straining was used to study deformation behavior of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals. Twinning and dislocation motion, both essential to plasticity in hcp materials, were observed. Typically, these processes are characterized postmortem by examining remnant microstructural features after straining has occurred. By imposing deformation during imaging, direct observation of active deformation mechanisms is possible. This work focuses on straining of structural metals in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a recently developed technique that utilizes familiar procedures and equipment to increase ease of experiments. In situ straining in a TEM presents several advantages over conventional postmortem characterization, most notably time resolution of deformation and streamlined identification of active deformation mechanisms. Drawbacks to the technique and applicability to other studies are also addressed. In situ straining is used to study twin boundary motion in hcp magnesium. A {1012} twin was observed during tensile and compressive loading. Twin-dislocation interactions are directly observed. Notably, dislocations are observed to remain mobile, even after multiple interactions with twin boundaries; this result suggests that Basinki's dislocation transformation mechanism by twinning is not present in hcp metals. The coupling of in situ straining with traditional postmortem characterization yields more detailed information about material behavior during deformation than either technique alone. C1 [Morrow, B. M.; Cerreta, E. K.; McCabe, R. J.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morrow, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM morrow@lanl.gov RI Morrow, Benjamin/F-3509-2012; OI Morrow, Benjamin/0000-0003-1925-4302; McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Science Project [FWP06SCPE 401.LA-UR-15-21099] FX This work was fully funded by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Science Project FWP06SCPE 401.LA-UR-15-21099. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2015 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1721 EP 1728 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1432-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CN3LW UT WOS:000358329000009 ER PT J AU Tourret, D Clarke, AJ Imhoff, SD Gibbs, PJ Gibbs, JW Karma, A AF Tourret, Damien Clarke, Amy J. Imhoff, Seth D. Gibbs, Paul J. Gibbs, John W. Karma, Alain TI Three-Dimensional Multiscale Modeling of Dendritic Spacing Selection During Al-Si Directional Solidification SO JOM LA English DT Article ID PHASE-FIELD SIMULATION; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; INITIAL TRANSIENT; PATTERN-FORMATION; GROWTH; ALLOYS; PREDICTION AB We present a three-dimensional extension of the multiscale dendritic needle network (DNN) model. This approach enables quantitative simulations of the unsteady dynamics of complex hierarchical networks in spatially extended dendritic arrays. We apply the model to directional solidification of Al-9.8 wt.% Si alloy and directly compare the model predictions with measurements from experiments with in situ x-ray imaging. We focus on the dynamical selection of primary spacings over a range of growth velocities, and the influence of sample geometry on the selection of spacings. Simulation results show good agreement with experiments. The computationally efficient DNN model opens new avenues for investigating the dynamics of large dendritic arrays at scales relevant to solidification experiments and processes. C1 [Tourret, Damien; Clarke, Amy J.; Imhoff, Seth D.; Gibbs, Paul J.; Gibbs, John W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Karma, Alain] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Karma, Alain] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res Complex Syst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Tourret, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dtourret@lanl.gov RI Tourret, Damien/B-2854-2017; OI Tourret, Damien/0000-0003-4574-7004; Gibbs, John/0000-0002-0231-1318 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46400]; U.S. D.O.E. [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX D.T., A.J.C., S.D.I., P.J.G., and J.W.G. were supported by A.J.C.'s Early Career award from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering and Los Alamos National Laboratory, operated by Los Alamos National Security, L.L.C. under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 for the U.S. Department of Energy. A.K. acknowledges support of Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46400 from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. D.O.E. Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. D.O.E. under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2015 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1776 EP 1785 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1444-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CN3LW UT WOS:000358329000014 ER PT J AU Mujica, N Demkowicz, M Lund, F Caro, A AF Mujica, Nicolas Demkowicz, Michael Lund, Fernando Caro, Alfredo TI New Horizons for Mechanical Spectroscopy in Materials Science SO JOM LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mujica, Nicolas; Lund, Fernando] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Fis & Matemat, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Demkowicz, Michael] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Caro, Alfredo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mujica, N (reprint author), Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Fis & Matemat, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. EM flund@cimat.cl RI Mujica, Nicolas/J-3646-2014; Lund, Fernando /H-1840-2016 OI Mujica, Nicolas/0000-0003-4724-6246; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1047-4838 EI 1543-1851 J9 JOM-US JI JOM PD AUG PY 2015 VL 67 IS 8 BP 1830 EP 1831 DI 10.1007/s11837-015-1482-9 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA CN3LW UT WOS:000358329000020 ER PT J AU Koh, C Canini, L Dahari, H Cooper, S Cory, D Winters, MA Choong, I Cotler, SJ Kleiner, DE Yurdaydin, C Heller, T Glenn, JS AF Koh, C. Canini, L. Dahari, H. Cooper, S. Cory, D. Winters, M. A. Choong, I. Cotler, S. J. Kleiner, D. E. Yurdaydin, C. Heller, T. Glenn, J. S. TI Dose-dependent decrease in hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA achieved with the oral prenylation inhibitor lonafarnib in a proof-of-concept, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic HDV infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Viral Hepatitis Summit CY APR 10-12, 2015 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 [Koh, C.; Heller, T.] NIDDK, Liver Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Canini, L.; Dahari, H.; Cotler, S. J.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Hepatol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Canini, L.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolutionary Biol, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dahari, H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cooper, S.] Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Div Hepatol, San Francisco, CA USA. [Cory, D.; Choong, I.] Eiger Biopharmaceut, New York, NY USA. [Winters, M. A.; Glenn, J. S.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kleiner, D. E.] NCI, Pathol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yurdaydin, C.] Ankara Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gastroenterol, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 EI 1873-5967 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 69 MA OP0001 BP 247 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.071 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA CN3IH UT WOS:000358318400109 ER PT J AU Marks, J Piburn, J Tootle, G Kerr, G Oubeidillah, A AF Marks, Jeffrey Piburn, Jesse Tootle, Glenn Kerr, Greg Oubeidillah, Abdoul TI Estimates of Glacier Mass Loss and Contribution to Streamflow in the Wind River Range in Wyoming: Case Study SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Glacier; Mass; Streamflow; Climate ID UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; USA AB The Wind River Range is a continuous mountain range, approximately 160 km in length, in west-central Wyoming. The presence of glaciers results in meltwater contributions to streamflow during the late summer (July, August, and September: JAS) when snowmelt is decreasing; temperatures are high; precipitation is low; evaporation rates are high; and municipal, industrial, and irrigation water are at peak demands. Thus, the quantification of glacier meltwater (e.g., volume and mass) contributions to late summer/early fall streamflow is important, given that this resource is dwindling owing to glacier recession. The current research expands upon previous research efforts and identifies two glaciated watersheds, one on the east slope (Bull Lake Creek) and one on the west slope (Green River) of the Wind River Range, in which unimpaired streamflow is available from 1966 to 2006. Glaciers were delineated within each watershed and area estimates (with error) were obtained for the years 1966, 1989, and 2006. Glacier volume (mass) loss (with error) was estimated by using empirically based volume-area scaling relationships. For 1966 to 2006, glacier mass contributions to JAS streamflow on the east slope were approximately 8%, whereas those on the west slope were approximately 2%. The volume-area scaling glacier mass estimates compared favorably with measured (stereo pair remote sensed data) estimates of glacier mass change for three glaciers (Teton, Middle Teton, and Teepe) in the nearby Teton Range and one glacier (Dinwoody) in the Wind River Range. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Marks, Jeffrey] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Piburn, Jesse] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tootle, Glenn; Oubeidillah, Abdoul] Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Kerr, Greg] Univ Wyoming, Off Water Programs, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Tootle, G (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM jmarks9282@gmail.com; piburnjo@ornl.gov; gatootle@eng.ua.eud; rrek@uwyo.edu; aaoubeidillah@eng.ua.edu FU University of Wyoming Water Research Program - USGS; University of Wyoming Water Research Program - Wyoming Water Development Commission; University of Wyoming Water Research Program - University of Wyoming; National Science Foundation Paleo Perspectives for Climate Change (P2C2) program [AGS-1003393] FX This research is supported by the University of Wyoming Water Research Program funded jointly by the USGS, the Wyoming Water Development Commission, and the University of Wyoming. Additional support provided by the National Science Foundation Paleo Perspectives for Climate Change (P2C2) program award AGS-1003393. The authors wish to thank the Editor, Section Editor, Associate Editor, and five anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 EI 1943-5584 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 20 IS 8 AR 05014026 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001050 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CN1KB UT WOS:000358177500001 ER PT J AU Rozman, KA Kruzic, JJ Hawk, JA AF Rozman, K. A. Kruzic, J. J. Hawk, J. A. TI Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Nickel-base Superalloy Haynes 282 at 550-750 A degrees C SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE electron microscopy; fatigue crack growth rate; mechanical characterization; nickel-based superalloys ID TEMPERATURE; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS AB The fatigue crack growth rates for nickel-based superalloy Haynes 282 were measured at temperatures of 550, 650, and 750 A degrees C using compact tension specimens with a load ratio of 0.1 and cyclic loading frequencies of 25 Hz and 0.25 Hz. Increasing the temperature from 550 to 750 A degrees C caused the fatigue crack growth rates to increase from similar to 20 to 60% depending upon the applied stress intensity level. The effect of reducing the applied loading frequency increased the fatigue crack growth rates from similar to 20 to 70%, also depending upon the applied stress intensity range. The crack path was observed to be transgranular for the temperatures and frequencies used during fatigue crack growth rate testing. At 750 A degrees C, there were some indications of limited intergranular cracking excursions at both loading frequencies; however, the extent of intergranular crack growth was limited and the cause is not understood at this time. C1 [Rozman, K. A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, ORISE, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Kruzic, J. J.] Oregon State Univ, Sch Mech Ind & Mfg Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hawk, J. A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Hawk, JA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM jeffhawk4@comcast.net RI Kruzic, Jamie/M-3558-2014 OI Kruzic, Jamie/0000-0002-9695-1921 FU United States Government FX This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2841 EP 2846 DI 10.1007/s11665-015-1588-9 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CN3OG UT WOS:000358335600001 ER PT J AU Susan, DF Crenshaw, TB Gearhart, JS AF Susan, D. F. Crenshaw, T. B. Gearhart, J. S. TI The Effects of Casting Porosity on the Tensile Behavior of Investment Cast 17-4PH Stainless Steel SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article DE casting; ductility; porosity; stainless steel; tensile properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MG-ALLOY; DUCTILITY; VARIABILITY; STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFECTS AB The effect of casting porosity on the mechanical behavior of investment cast 17-4PH stainless steel was studied as well as the effect of heat treatment on the alloy's sensitivity to casting defects. Interdendritic porosity, formed during solidification and shrinkage of the alloy, reduces the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength roughly in proportion to the reduction in load bearing cross-section. The effects of casting porosity on ductility (% strain, % reduction in area) are more severe, in agreement with research on other alloy systems. In this study, 10% porosity reduced the ductility of 17-4PH stainless steel by almost 80% for the high-strength H925 condition. Tensile testing at -10A degrees C (263 K) further reduces the alloy ductility with and without pores present. In the lower strength H1100 condition, the ductility is higher than the H925 condition, as expected, and somewhat less sensitive to porosity. By measuring the area % porosity on the fracture surface of tensile specimens, the trend in failure strain versus area % porosity was obtained and analyzed using two methods: an empirical approach to determine an index of defect susceptibility with a logarithmic fit and an analytical approach based on the constitutive stress-strain behavior and critical strain concentration in the vicinity of the casting voids. The applicability of the second method depends on the amount of non-uniform strain (necking) and, as such, the softer H1100 material did not correlate well to the model. The behavior of 17-4PH was compared to previous work on cast Al alloys, Mg alloys, and other cast materials. C1 [Susan, D. F.; Crenshaw, T. B.; Gearhart, J. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Susan, DF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dfsusan@sandia.gov FU US Dept. of Energy's national Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Mark Reece and Charles Walker are acknowledged for sample machining and heat treatment. Special thanks to Dr. Jon Madison for helpful discussions. Dick Grant and Amy Allen provided SEM characterization and Alice Kilgo and Dr. Lisa Deibler provided metallography and quantitative image analysis. Thoughtful reviews of the manuscript by Dr. Jay Carroll and Dr. Mike Maguire are much appreciated. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Dept. of Energy's national Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1059-9495 EI 1544-1024 J9 J MATER ENG PERFORM JI J. Mater. Eng. Perform. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2917 EP 2924 DI 10.1007/s11665-015-1594-y PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CN3OG UT WOS:000358335600009 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SL Culligan, B Hutchison, JB McAlister, DR AF Maxwell, Sherrod L. Culligan, Brian Hutchison, Jay B. McAlister, Daniel R. TI Rapid fusion method for the determination of Pu, Np, and Am in large soil samples SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rapid; Plutonium; Americium; Soil; Fusion; Large ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; RADIOCHEMICAL METHOD; ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY; ACTINIDES; PLUTONIUM; EXTRACTION; (NP)-N-237; ISOTOPES; AM-241 AB A new rapid sodium hydroxide fusion method for the preparation of 10-20 g soil samples has been developed by the Savannah River National Laboratory. The method enables lower detection limits for plutonium, neptunium, and americium in environmental soil samples. The method also significantly reduces sample processing time and acid fume generation compared to traditional soil digestion techniques using hydrofluoric acid. Ten gram soil aliquots can be ashed and fused using the new method in 1-2 h, completely dissolving samples, including refractory particles. Pu, Np and Am are separated using stacked 2 mL cartridges of TEVA and DGA resin and measured using alpha spectrometry. Total sample preparation time, including chromatographic separations and alpha spectrometry source preparation, is less than 8 h. C1 [Maxwell, Sherrod L.; Culligan, Brian; Hutchison, Jay B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [McAlister, Daniel R.] PG Res Fdn Inc, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. RP Maxwell, SL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 735-B, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM sherrod.maxwell@srs.gov FU Department of Energy, DOE [DE-AC09-96SR18500] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, DOE Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500. The authors wish to acknowledge Staci Britt, Jack Herrington and Becky Chavous for their assistance with this work. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 305 IS 2 BP 599 EP 608 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-3992-x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN2LQ UT WOS:000358253100031 ER PT J AU Maxwell, SL Hutchison, JB McAlister, DR AF Maxwell, Sherrod L. Hutchison, Jay B. McAlister, Daniel R. TI Rapid fusion method for the determination of refractory thorium and uranium isotopes in soil samples SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rapid; Thorium; Uranium; Soil; Fusion; Refractory ID ALPHA-SPECTROMETRY; SEDIMENT SAMPLES; ACTINIDES AB Recently, approximately 80 % of participating laboratories failed to accurately determine uranium isotopes in soil samples in the U. S Department of Energy Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program Session 30, due to incomplete dissolution of refractory particles in the samples. Failing laboratories employed acid dissolution methods, including hydrofluoric acid, to recover uranium from the soil matrix. A new rapid fusion method has been developed by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to prepare 1-2 g soil sample aliquots very quickly, with total dissolution of refractory particles. Soil samples are fused with sodium hydroxide at 600 A degrees C in zirconium crucibles to enable complete dissolution of the sample. Uranium and thorium are separated on stacked TEVA and TRU extraction chromatographic resin cartridges, prior to isotopic measurements by alpha spectrometry on cerium fluoride microprecipitation sources. C1 [Maxwell, Sherrod L.; Hutchison, Jay B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [McAlister, Daniel R.] PG Res Fdn Inc, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. RP Maxwell, SL (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 735-B, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM sherrod.maxwell@srs.gov FU Department of Energy, DOE [DE-AC09-96SR18500] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy, DOE Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500. The authors wish to acknowledge Staci Britt, Jack Herrington and Becky Chavous for their assistance with this work. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 305 IS 2 BP 631 EP 641 DI 10.1007/s10967-015-3972-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA CN2LQ UT WOS:000358253100034 ER PT J AU Shen, XY Duffy, R Howington, R Cope, A Sadagopal, S Park, H Pal, R Kwa, S Ding, S Yang, OO Fouda, GG Le Grand, R Bolton, D Esteban, M Phogat, S Roederer, M Amara, RR Picker, LJ Seder, RA McElrath, MJ Barnett, S Permar, SR Shattock, R DeVico, AL Felber, BK Pavlakis, GN Pantaleo, G Korber, BT Montefiori, DC Tomaras, GD AF Shen, Xiaoying Duffy, Ryan Howington, Robert Cope, Alethea Sadagopal, Shanmugalakshmi Park, Haesun Pal, Ranajit Kwa, Suefen Ding, Song Yang, Otto O. Fouda, Genevieve G. Le Grand, Roger Bolton, Diane Esteban, Mariano Phogat, Sanjay Roederer, Mario Amara, Rama R. Picker, Louis J. Seder, Robert A. McElrath, M. Juliana Barnett, Susan Permar, Sallie R. Shattock, Robin DeVico, Anthony L. Felber, Barbara K. Pavlakis, George N. Pantaleo, Giuseppe Korber, Bette T. Montefiori, David C. Tomaras, Georgia D. TI Vaccine-Induced Linear Epitope-Specific Antibodies to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Envelope Are Distinct from Those Induced to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope in Nonhuman Primates SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID B-CELL RESPONSES; PATHOGENIC SHIVS; RHESUS MACAQUES; INFECTION; MONKEYS; TRIAL; ACQUISITION; PROTECTION; DIVERSITY; BINDING AB To evaluate antibody specificities induced by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) versus human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope antigens in nonhuman primate (NHP), we profiled binding antibody responses to linear epitopes in NHP studies with HIV-1 or SIV immunogens. We found that, overall, HIV-1 Env IgG responses were dominated by V3, with the notable exception of the responses to the vaccine strain A244 Env that were dominated by V2, whereas the anti-SIV mac239 Env responses were dominated by V2 regardless of the vaccine regimen. C1 [Shen, Xiaoying; Duffy, Ryan; Howington, Robert; Fouda, Genevieve G.; Permar, Sallie R.; Tomaras, Georgia D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Shen, Xiaoying; Duffy, Ryan; Howington, Robert; Montefiori, David C.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Permar, Sallie R.; Tomaras, Georgia D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Immunol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Permar, Sallie R.; Tomaras, Georgia D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Tomaras, Georgia D.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Cope, Alethea; Shattock, Robin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Infect Dis Sect, Mucosal Infect & Immun Grp, London, England. [Sadagopal, Shanmugalakshmi; Kwa, Suefen; Amara, Rama R.] Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Park, Haesun; Picker, Louis J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, VGTI, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Pal, Ranajit] Adv Bioscience Labs Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Ding, Song; Pantaleo, Giuseppe] CHU Vaudois, Serv Immunol & Allergy, Lab AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Yang, Otto O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Yang, Otto O.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Yang, Otto O.] AIDS Healthcare Fdn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Le Grand, Roger] Univ Paris 11, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, iMETI,DSV,IMDIT Ctr,Inserm,Div Immuno Virol,U1184, Orsay, France. [Bolton, Diane; Roederer, Mario; Seder, Robert A.] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Esteban, Mariano] CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Madrid, Spain. [Phogat, Sanjay] Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA USA. [McElrath, M. Juliana] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Vaccine & Infect Dis Div, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Barnett, Susan] Novartis Vaccines & Diagnost Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [DeVico, Anthony L.] Inst Human Virol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Felber, Barbara K.] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Sect, Frederick, MD USA. [Pavlakis, George N.] NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Human Retrovirus Sect, Frederick, MD USA. [Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Shen, XY (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM sxshen@duke.edu; gdt@duke.edu RI Tomaras, Georgia/J-5041-2016; Pantaleo, Giuseppe/K-6163-2016; OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Comprehensive Antibody Vaccine Immune Monitoring Consortium (CAVIMC) [38619, 1032144]; NIH NIAID grants [HHSN27201100016, HHSN266200600005C]; CHAVI/HVTN Early Stage Investigator Award [5U19AI067854, R01AI106380, R21 AI87382]; Europrise European grant [LSHP-CT-2006-037611]; HVTN LC (HIV Vaccine Trials Network grant) [UM1AI068618]; Duke Division of Laboratory Animal Research; Duke Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Immunology Core and Biostatistics and Computational Biology Cores (NIH) [5P30 AI064518] FX This work is supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Comprehensive Antibody Vaccine Immune Monitoring Consortium (CAVIMC) (38619 and 1032144) and NIH NIAID grants HHSN27201100016 and HHSN266200600005C, a CHAVI/HVTN Early Stage Investigator Award (5U19AI067854) (to X.S.), and grants R01AI106380 and R21 AI87382, as well a Europrise European grant (LSHP-CT-2006-037611), and by the HVTN LC (an HIV Vaccine Trials Network grant [UM1AI068618]) and the Duke Division of Laboratory Animal Research.; We thank Tong Xu for quality control (QC) of the peptide microarray data; Hongmei Gao, Kelli Greene, and Celia Labranche for program management; Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe, Dan Ozaki, and the Central Quality Assurance Unit; A. Valentin, M. Rosati, V. Kulkarni R. Jalah, V. Patel, and C. Alicea for participating in the AUP417 study; and J. P. Todd (VRC) and Bioqual, Inc., for assistance with the VRC145 macaque study. We thank Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases for provision of AIDSVAX immunogen for study P167. We acknowledge support from the Duke Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) Immunology Core and Biostatistics and Computational Biology Cores (an NIH-funded program [5P30 AI064518]), and we thank Cliburn Chan and Nathan Vandergrift for statistical consultation. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 IS 16 BP 8643 EP 8650 DI 10.1128/JVI.03635-14 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA CN2UT UT WOS:000358278200046 PM 26018159 ER PT J AU Singh, S Kim, Y Wang, FB Bigelow, L Endres, M Kharel, MK Babnigg, G Bingman, CA Joachimiak, A Thorson, JS Phillips, GN AF Singh, Shanteri Kim, Youngchang Wang, Fengbin Bigelow, Lance Endres, Michael Kharel, Madan K. Babnigg, Gyorgy Bingman, Craig A. Joachimiak, Andrzej Thorson, Jon S. Phillips, George N., Jr. TI Structural characterization of AtmS13, a putative sugar aminotransferase involved in indolocarbazole AT2433 aminopentose biosynthesis SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; natural product; transamination; X-ray crystallography; indolocarbazole; sugar nucleotide ID GENE-CLUSTER; MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE; KEY ENZYME; CALICHEAMICIN; PURIFICATION; PRODUCTS; CLONING; GLYCOSYLATION; REBECCAMYCIN; DEOXYSUGARS AB AT2433 from Actinomadura melliaura is an indolocarbazole antitumor antibiotic structurally distinguished by its unique aminodideoxypentose-containing disaccharide moiety. The corresponding sugar nucleotide-based biosynthetic pathway for this unusual sugar derives from comparative genomics where AtmS13 has been suggested as the contributing sugar aminotransferase (SAT). Determination of the AtmS13 X-ray structure at 1.50-angstrom resolution reveals it as a member of the aspartate aminotransferase fold type I (AAT-I). Structural comparisons of AtmS13 with homologous SATs that act upon similar substrates implicate potential active site residues that contribute to distinctions in sugar C5 (hexose vs. pentose) and/or sugar C2 (deoxy vs. hydroxyl) substrate specificity. Proteins 2015; 83:1547-1554. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Singh, Shanteri; Thorson, Jon S.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Ctr Pharmaceut Res & Innovat, Div Pharmaceut Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Kim, Youngchang; Bigelow, Lance; Endres, Michael; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kim, Youngchang; Bigelow, Lance; Endres, Michael; Babnigg, Gyorgy; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Fengbin; Phillips, George N., Jr.] Rice Univ, Dept BioSci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kharel, Madan K.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Sch Pharm, Princess Anne, MD USA. [Bingman, Craig A.; Phillips, George N., Jr.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Phillips, George N., Jr.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Thorson, JS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Ctr Pharmaceut Res & Innovat, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM jsthorson@uky.edu; georgep@rice.edu RI Thorson, Jon/L-3696-2013 OI Thorson, Jon/0000-0002-7148-0721 FU National Institutes of Health [U01GM098248, CA84374, GM094585]; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1TR000117]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Kresge Foundation; Michigan Economic Development Corporation; Michigan Technology Tri-Corridor FX Grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; grant numbers: U01GM098248, CA84374, GM094585; Grant sponsor: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; grant number: UL1TR000117; Grant sponsor: US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Biological and Environmental Research; grant number: DE-AC02-06CH11357; Grant sponsors: Kresge Foundation; Michigan Economic Development Corporation; Michigan Technology Tri-Corridor. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG PY 2015 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1547 EP 1554 DI 10.1002/prot.24844 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA CN2OE UT WOS:000358260500015 PM 26061967 ER PT J AU Thorgersen, MP Lancaster, WA Vaccaro, BJ Poole, FL Rocha, AM Mehlhorn, T Pettenato, A Ray, J Waters, RJ Melnyk, RA Chakraborty, R Hazen, TC Deutschbauer, AM Arkin, AP Adams, MWW AF Thorgersen, Michael P. Lancaster, W. Andrew Vaccaro, Brian J. Poole, Farris L. Rocha, Andrea M. Mehlhorn, Tonia Pettenato, Angelica Ray, Jayashree Waters, R. Jordan Melnyk, Ryan A. Chakraborty, Romy Hazen, Terry C. Deutschbauer, Adam M. Arkin, Adam P. Adams, Michael W. W. TI Molybdenum Availability Is Key to Nitrate Removal in Contaminated Groundwater Environments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-STUTZERI; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; OAK-RIDGE; TUNGSTEN; DENITRIFICATION; REDUCTASES; REDUCTION; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; PELOSINUS AB The concentrations of molybdenum (Mo) and 25 other metals were measured in groundwater samples from 80 wells on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) (Oak Ridge, TN), many of which are contaminated with nitrate, as well as uranium and various other metals. The concentrations of nitrate and uranium were in the ranges of 0.1 mu M to 230 mM and <0.2 nM to 580 mu M, respectively. Almost all metals examined had significantly greater median concentrations in a subset of wells that were highly contaminated with uranium (>= 126 nM). They included cadmium, manganese, and cobalt, which were 1,300- to 2,700-fold higher. A notable exception, however, was Mo, which had a lower median concentration in the uranium-contaminated wells. This is significant, because Mo is essential in the dissimilatory nitrate reduction branch of the global nitrogen cycle. It is required at the catalytic site of nitrate reductase, the enzyme that reduces nitrate to nitrite. Moreover, more than 85% of the groundwater samples contained less than 10 nM Mo, whereas concentrations of 10 to 100 nM Mo were required for efficient growth by nitrate reduction for two Pseudomonas strains isolated from ORR wells and by a model denitrifier, Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2. Higher concentrations of Mo tended to inhibit the growth of these strains due to the accumulation of toxic concentrations of nitrite, and this effect was exacerbated at high nitrate concentrations. The relevance of these results to a Mo-based nitrate removal strategy and the potential community-driving role that Mo plays in contaminated environments are discussed. C1 [Thorgersen, Michael P.; Lancaster, W. Andrew; Vaccaro, Brian J.; Poole, Farris L.; Adams, Michael W. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Rocha, Andrea M.; Mehlhorn, Tonia; Hazen, Terry C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pettenato, Angelica; Ray, Jayashree; Waters, R. Jordan; Melnyk, Ryan A.; Chakraborty, Romy; Deutschbauer, Adam M.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Adams, MWW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM adams@bmb.uga.edu RI Ray, Jayashree/F-9162-2016; Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012; Chakraborty, Romy/D-9230-2015; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993; Chakraborty, Romy/0000-0001-9326-554X; Rocha, Andrea M./0000-0002-8471-9463 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This material by ENIGMA (Ecosystems and Networks Integrated with Genes and Molecular Assemblies) (http://enigma.lbl.gov), a Scientific Focus Area Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 IS 15 BP 4976 EP 4983 DI 10.1128/AEM.00917-15 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA CM4QC UT WOS:000357668600012 PM 25979890 ER PT J AU Jeanbart, L Kourtis, IC van der Vlies, AJ Swartz, MA Hubbell, JA AF Jeanbart, Laura Kourtis, Iraklis C. van der Vlies, Andre J. Swartz, Melody A. Hubbell, Jeffrey A. TI 6-Thioguanine-loaded polymeric micelles deplete myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhance the efficacy of T cell immunotherapy in tumor-bearing mice SO CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE MDSC depletion; 6-Thioguanine; Cancer; T cell therapy ID DRAINING LYMPH-NODES; CANCER-IMMUNOTHERAPY; IMMUNE SUPPRESSION; DENDRITIC CELLS; IMPROVES; DIFFERENTIATION; MECHANISMS; INHIBITION; VACCINES; NANOPARTICLES AB Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that suppress effector T cell responses and can reduce the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. We previously showed that ultra-small polymer nanoparticles efficiently drain to the lymphatics after intradermal injection and target antigen-presenting cells, including Ly6c(hi) Ly6g(-) monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs), in skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen. Here, we developed ultra-small polymer micelles loaded with 6-thioguanine (MC-TG), a cytotoxic drug used in the treatment of myelogenous leukemia, with the aim of killing Mo-MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and thus enhancing T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. We found that 2 days post-injection in tumor-bearing mice (B16-F10 melanoma or E.G7-OVA thymoma), MC-TG depleted Mo-MDSCs in the spleen, Ly6c(lo) Ly6g(+) granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) in the draining LNs, and Gr1(int) Mo-MDSCs in the tumor. In both tumor models, MC-TG decreased the numbers of circulating Mo- and G-MDSCs, as well as of Ly6c(hi) macrophages, for up to 7 days following a single administration. MDSC depletion was dose dependent and more effective with MC-TG than with equal doses of free TG. Finally, we tested whether this MDSC-depleting strategy might enhance cancer immunotherapies in the B16-F10 melanoma model. We found that MC-TG significantly improved the efficacy of adoptively transferred, OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells in melanoma cells expressing OVA. These findings highlight the capacity of MC-TG in depleting MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment and show promise in promoting anti-tumor immunity when used in combination with T cell immunotherapies. C1 [Jeanbart, Laura; Kourtis, Iraklis C.; van der Vlies, Andre J.; Swartz, Melody A.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Bioengn, Sch Life Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Jeanbart, Laura; Kourtis, Iraklis C.; van der Vlies, Andre J.; Swartz, Melody A.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Sch Engn, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Jeanbart, Laura; Swartz, Melody A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Inst Expt Canc Res ISREC, Sch Life Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Swartz, Melody A.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Chem Sci & Engn, Sch Basic Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Swartz, Melody A.; Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hubbell, Jeffrey A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Swartz, MA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Bioengn, Sch Life Sci, Lausanne, Switzerland. EM melody.swartz@epfl.ch; jeffrey.hubbell@epfl.ch RI Swartz, Melody/F-9563-2011 FU Swiss Cancer League (Oncosuisse) [02114-08-2007, 02696-08-2010]; European Research Commission [206653]; Swiss National Science Foundation [31-13576] FX The authors are grateful to David Scott Wilson, Alexandre de Titta, Thomas Maurissen, and Miguel Garcia for helpful advice and technical assistance. This work was funded in part by Grants from the Swiss Cancer League (Oncosuisse, #02114-08-2007 and #02696-08-2010 to Melody A. Swartz), the European Research Commission (#206653 to Melody A. Swartz, NanoImmune to Jeffrey A. Hubbell), and the Swiss National Science Foundation (#31-13576 to Melody A. Swartz). NR 57 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7004 EI 1432-0851 J9 CANCER IMMUNOL IMMUN JI Cancer Immunol. Immunother. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 64 IS 8 BP 1033 EP 1046 DI 10.1007/s00262-015-1702-8 PG 14 WC Oncology; Immunology SC Oncology; Immunology GA CN0ER UT WOS:000358087400010 PM 25982370 ER PT J AU Ma, D Hasanbeigi, A Price, L Chen, WY AF Ma, Ding Hasanbeigi, Ali Price, Lynn Chen, Wenying TI Assessment of energy-saving and emission reduction potentials in China's ammonia industry SO CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Energy efficiency measures; Energy conservation supply curve; Co-benefits ID STEEL-INDUSTRY; CO2 EMISSIONS; EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT; IRON; CONSERVATION; MODEL; COST; TECHNOLOGIES AB As one of the most energy-, emission- and pollution-intensive industries, the production of ammonia is responsible for significant emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and local air pollutants. Although many energy efficiency measures have been proposed by Chinese government to mitigate GHG emissions and improve air quality, a less than full understanding of the costs and potentials have been barrier to promoting and implementing these measures. Assessing the costs, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of different energy efficiency measures is essential to advancing this understanding. In this study, a bottom-up energy conservation supply curve was used to estimate the potential of 26 energy efficiency measures in China's ammonia industry. Their cost-effective implementation results in a potential saving of 271.5 PJ/year for fuels and 5.44 TWh/year for electricity, which equals to 14 % and 14 % of fuel and electricity consumed in the ammonia industry in 2012, and would be responsible for mitigating emissions of annual 26.7 Mt CO2. In addition, the co-benefits of air pollutants emission reductions that result from energy savings were quantified. The results advance the understanding of the cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency measures and can be used to augment the efforts in reducing energy use and environmental impacts. C1 [Ma, Ding; Chen, Wenying] Tsinghua Univ, Res Ctr Contemporary Management, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ma, Ding; Chen, Wenying] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Energy Environm & Econ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hasanbeigi, Ali; Price, Lynn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, WY (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Res Ctr Contemporary Management, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM Chenwy@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn FU China Scholarship Council (CSC); MOE project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science at Universities [12JJD630002]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2012BAC20B01]; China Sustainable Energy Program of the Energy Foundation FX The first author is indebted to China Scholarship Council (CSC) for financially supporting for his research at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). This paper benefits from research supported by the MOE project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science at Universities (12JJD630002), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012BAC20B01), and the China Sustainable Energy Program of the Energy Foundation. The authors would like to thank the following experts (Su Jianying from CNFIA, Guo Shiyi from MIIT, and Tongqing from Tsinghua University) for their questionnaire feedbacks and valuable comments on this research. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1618-954X EI 1618-9558 J9 CLEAN TECHNOL ENVIR JI Clean Technol. Environ. Policy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1633 EP 1644 DI 10.1007/s10098-014-0896-3 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0GE UT WOS:000358091300021 ER PT J AU Khemka, B Friese, R Briceno, LD Siegel, HJ Maciejewski, AA Koenig, GA Groer, C Okonski, G Hilton, MM Rambharos, R Poole, S AF Khemka, Bhavesh Friese, Ryan Briceno, Luis D. Siegel, Howard Jay Maciejewski, Anthony A. Koenig, Gregory A. Groer, Chris Okonski, Gene Hilton, Marcia M. Rambharos, Rajendra Poole, Steve TI Utility Functions and Resource Management in an Oversubscribed Heterogeneous Computing Environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Utility function; resource management heuristics; heterogeneous computing ID INDEPENDENT TASKS; STATIC ALLOCATION; SYSTEMS; HEURISTICS; FRAMEWORK AB We model an oversubscribed heterogeneous computing system where tasks arrive dynamically and a scheduler maps the tasks to machines for execution. The environment and workloads are based on those being investigated by the Extreme Scale Systems Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Utility functions that are designed based on specifications from the system owner and users are used to create a metric for the performance of resource allocation heuristics. Each task has a time-varying utility (importance) that the enterprise will earn based on when the task successfully completes execution. We design multiple heuristics, which include a technique to drop low utility-earning tasks, to maximize the total utility that can be earned by completing tasks. The heuristics are evaluated using simulation experiments with two levels of oversubscription. The results show the benefit of having fast heuristics that account for the importance of a task and the heterogeneity of the environment when making allocation decisions in an oversubscribed environment. The ability to drop low utility-earning tasks allow the heuristics to tolerate the high oversubscription as well as earn significant utility. C1 [Khemka, Bhavesh; Friese, Ryan; Briceno, Luis D.; Siegel, Howard Jay; Maciejewski, Anthony A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Koenig, Gregory A.; Poole, Steve] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Groer, Chris] Link Analyt, Res & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. [Okonski, Gene; Hilton, Marcia M.; Rambharos, Rajendra] US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. [Poole, Steve] DoD, Washington, DC USA. RP Khemka, B (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Bhavesh.Khemka@colostate.edu; Ryan.Friese@colostate.edu; LDBricen@colostate.edu; HJ@colostate.edu; AAM@colostate.edu; Koenig@ornl.gov; cgroer@gmail.com; okonskitg@verizon.net; mmskizig@verizon.net; Jendra.Rambharos@gmail.com; swpoole@gmail.com FU Extreme Scale Systems Center at ORNL by the Department of Defense; National Science Foundation; NSF [CCF-1302693, CNS-0923386] FX This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by the Extreme Scale Systems Center at ORNL, which is supported by the Department of Defense. Additional support was provided by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, and by NSF Grant CCF-1302693. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. This research also used the CSU ISTeC Cray System supported by NSF Grant CNS-0923386. A preliminary version of portions of this material appeared in [35]. This work builds upon the workshop paper with the design and analysis of: a technique to drop low-utility earning tasks, mapping events that trigger only after previous one finishes execution, new and modified heuristics, machine types grouping together machines with similar performance capabilities, more realistic task arrival patterns and ETC models based on the needs of the ESSC, batches of different sizes, operation of permuting, etc. The authors thank S. Pasricha, S. Powers, G. Pfister, J. Potter, and T. Hansen for their valuable comments. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 EI 1557-9956 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 64 IS 8 BP 2394 EP 2407 DI 10.1109/TC.2014.2360513 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA CM8EG UT WOS:000357929500022 ER PT J AU Salmistraro, M Sassolini, S Weber-Bargioni, A Cabrini, S Alessandri, I AF Salmistraro, Marco Sassolini, Simone Weber-Bargioni, Alexander Cabrini, Stefano Alessandri, Ivano TI Fabrication of gold nanoantennas on SiO2/TiO2 core/shell beads to study photon-driven surface reactions SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th International Conference on Micro and Nano Engineering (MNE) CY SEP 22-26, 2014 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND DE Bowtie nanoantennas; Nanofabrication; Photocatalysis; Plasmon-enhanced reactions; Core/shell materials ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOPARTICLES; CONVERSION; PLASMONS; SOLAR; LIGHT AB Plasmonic nanoantennas offer exciting perspectives for promoting and investigating light-driven chemical reactions. In particular, core/shell semiconductor beads coupled to gold nanoantennas represent an ideal platform for a systematic evaluation of multiple processes stimulated by light at different frequencies. Here we report the detailed fabrication of gold bowties on SiO2/TiO2 core/shell micro- and nano-beads, which is based on the combination of colloidal synthesis, atomic layer deposition and a modified version of induced deposition mask lithography. The critical steps of fabrication, including choice of mask material, etching rate and experimental setup are analyzed and strategies to pursue a successful fabrication of different nanoantennas are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salmistraro, Marco; Alessandri, Ivano] Univ Brescia, INSTM, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. [Salmistraro, Marco; Alessandri, Ivano] Univ Brescia, Chem Technol Lab, I-25123 Brescia, Italy. [Sassolini, Simone; Weber-Bargioni, Alexander; Cabrini, Stefano] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cabrini, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM scabrini@lbl.gov; ivano.alessandri@unibs.it RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Alessandri, Ivano/0000-0003-0332-0723 FU Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Dept. of the University of Brescia; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by a "PID"-grant-in-aid project from the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Dept. of the University of Brescia. Work at the Molecular Foundry was performed under User Proposals #1243 and #1770 and supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 EI 1873-5568 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 143 SI SI BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2015.03.056 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA CM7XB UT WOS:000357908700014 ER PT J AU Zhang, YH Wen, B Peng, JH Zuo, XB Gong, QG Zhang, ZY AF Zhang, Yonghui Wen, Bin Peng, Junhui Zuo, Xiaobing Gong, Qingguo Zhang, Zhiyong TI Determining structural ensembles of flexible multi-domain proteins using small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations SO PROTEIN & CELL LA English DT Letter ID SAXS; FLEXIBILITY; REFINEMENT; BIOLOGY C1 [Zhang, Yonghui; Wen, Bin; Peng, Junhui; Gong, Qingguo; Zhang, Zhiyong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Yonghui; Wen, Bin; Peng, Junhui; Gong, Qingguo; Zhang, Zhiyong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Zuo, Xiaobing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Chicago, IL 60437 USA. RP Zhang, ZY (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM zzyzhang@ustc.edu.cn NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 20 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-800X EI 1674-8018 J9 PROTEIN CELL JI Protein Cell PD AUG PY 2015 VL 6 IS 8 BP 619 EP 623 DI 10.1007/s13238-015-0162-4 PG 5 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA CN0FW UT WOS:000358090500010 PM 25944044 ER PT J AU Lehoucq, RB Reu, PL Turner, DZ AF Lehoucq, R. B. Reu, P. L. Turner, D. Z. TI A Novel Class of Strain Measures for Digital Image Correlation SO STRAIN LA English DT Article DE digital image correlation; image; noise; non-local vector calculus; strain measure AB We propose a novel class strain measures for use with digital image correlation (DIC). Whereas the traditional notion of compatibility (strain as the derivative of the displacement field) is problematic when the displacement field varies substantially because of either measurement noise or material irregularity, the proposed measure remains robust, well defined and invariant under rigid body motion. Moreover, when the displacement field is smooth, the classical and proposed strain measures are approximations of each other. We demonstrate, via several numerical examples, the potential of this new strain measure for problems with steep gradients. We also show how the non-local strain provides an intrinsic mechanism for filtering high-frequency content from the strain profile and so has a high signal to noise ratio. This is a convenient feature considering image noise and its impact on strain calculations. C1 [Turner, D. Z.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Turner, D. Z.] Univ Stellenbosch, Civil Engn, ZA-7602 Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. [Lehoucq, R. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Reu, P. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lehoucq, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Math, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dzturne@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Institute for Structural Engineering at Stellenbosch University FX This work was supported in part by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.; This work was also supported in part by the Institute for Structural Engineering at Stellenbosch University. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1475-1305 J9 STRAIN JI Strain PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1111/str.12138 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA CM8TO UT WOS:000357975200001 ER PT J AU Truong, CT Kang, DH Lee, JR Farrar, CR AF Truong, C. T. Kang, D. -H. Lee, J. -R. Farrar, C. R. TI Comparative Study of Laser Doppler Vibrometer and Capacitive Air-coupled Transducer for Ultrasonic Propagation Imager and the New Development of an Efficient Ultrasonic Wavenumber Imaging Algorithm SO STRAIN LA English DT Article DE capacitive air-coupled transducer; laser Doppler vibrometer; laser Ultrasonic Propagation Imager; performance comparison; ultrasonic wavenumber imaging ID GENERATION AB Damage detection techniques using guided waves have been studied for decades with very few successful real-world applications. The recent development with the full wavefield technique using the Ultrasonic Propagation Imager (UPI) is one of those few exceptions. In this paper, we study two non-contact sensors: the laser Doppler vibrometer and the capacitive air-coupled transducer in the context as the sensing modules for the UPI. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study for optimisation of the two sensors, as well as a comparison between them for use in the UPI. First, the parameters for laser ultrasonic measurement of each sensor were studied: surface treatment, measurement angle and stand-off distance in the case of the laser Doppler vibrometer and measurement angle, lift-off distance and bias voltage in the case of the capacitive air-coupled transducer. Two optimised sensors were then compared in terms of their ability to detect damages using the UPI. Also, in this paper, we presented the ultrasonic wavenumber imaging (UWI) algorithm with the new development towards an efficient implementation. The uniqueness of the UWI algorithm with the capability of damage size estimation makes this algorithm very attractive for the future study with full wavefield signal processing. C1 [Truong, C. T.; Lee, J. -R.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kang, D. -H.] Korea Railrd Res Inst, New Transportat Syst Res Ctr, Uiwang, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Farrar, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Truong, CT (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Aerosp Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. RI Lee, Jung-Ryul/B-3266-2015; OI Kang, Donghoon/0000-0002-7356-1082; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 FU Space Core Technology Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2013-042548]; Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2011-0030065]; Jeonbuk Research & Development Program - Jeonbuk Province [20140312-B1-002] FX This research was supported by the Space Core Technology Program (2013-042548) and Leading Foreign Research Institute Recruitment (2011-0030065) through the National Research Foundation of Korea, funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and a grant (20140312-B1-002) from Jeonbuk Research & Development Program funded by Jeonbuk Province. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1475-1305 J9 STRAIN JI Strain PD AUG PY 2015 VL 51 IS 4 BP 332 EP 342 DI 10.1111/str.12144 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA CM8TO UT WOS:000357975200007 ER PT J AU Batzer, DP Taylor, BE DeBiase, AE Brantley, SE Schultheis, R AF Batzer, Darold P. Taylor, Barbara E. DeBiase, Adrienne E. Brantley, Susan E. Schultheis, Richard TI Response of Aquatic Invertebrates to Ecological Rehabilitation of Southeastern USA Depressional Wetlands SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE Carolina bays; Hydrology; Macroinvertebrates; Microcrustaceans; Opportunism; Wetland restoration ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; TEMPORARY WETLAND; RAINBOW BAY; HABITAT; PONDS; RESTORATION AB We assessed aquatic invertebrate response to ecological rehabilitation treatment in 20 depression wetlands on the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA. All wetlands had been ditched for 50+ years. Sixteen of the 20 wetlands received rehabilitation treatment, and four wetlands remained untreated as a control group. Treatment included logging of all trees, plugging drainage ditches, and planting wetland trees and grasses. Hydroperiods were consequently extended in most of the treatment wetlands. As part a larger study, we sampled macroinvertebrates and microcrustaceans during the pre-habilitation (1998-2000) and rehabilitation (2001-2003) phases. Our study spanned 2 years of high rainfall (1998 and 2003) and 4 years of low rainfall (1999-2002). Samples were collected bimonthly from any wetlands holding water. Macroinvertebrate assemblages in treatment wetlands in 2003 had changed from previous years (1998-2002) and compared to control wetlands (1998-2003), with abundances of Baetidae, Coenagrionidae, Dytiscidae, Chironomidae, and Chaoboridae driving variation. For microcrustaceans (Copepoda and Branchiopoda, including Cladocera, Anostraca and Laevicaudata), assemblage composition and species richness responded mainly to hydrologic conditions. Rehabilitation efforts in these wetlands induced diverse and abundant invertebrate communities to develop, but some responses appeared opportunistic; several taxa that benefitted were not typical residents of depressional wetlands in the region. C1 [Batzer, Darold P.; Schultheis, Richard] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Taylor, Barbara E.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Eastover, SC 29044 USA. [Taylor, Barbara E.; DeBiase, Adrienne E.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Brantley, Susan E.] Univ North Georgia Oconee, Dept Biol, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Batzer, DP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dbatzer@uga.edu FU Savannah River Ecology Laboratory from the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546]; USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetland Research (Charleston, SC); Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Graduate Education Program; USDA Hatch Program FX This research was supported in part by the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory through Financial Assistance Award DE-FC09-96SR18546 from the U. S. Department of Energy to the University of Georgia Research Foundation, by a contract to BET and DPB from the USDA Forest Service Center for Forested Wetland Research (Charleston, SC), by a fellowship to SEDB from the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Graduate Education Program, and by the USDA Hatch Program. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources generously provided resources to support manuscript preparation. We thank Randy Kolka and Chris Barton for their support and assistance as (successive) project coordinators. We thank Doug Leeper, Amy Bergstedt, Amy Braccia, Sally Entrekin, Roy Fenoff, Jennifer Fox, Alani Taylor, and others for their help in the field. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 EI 1943-6246 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD AUG PY 2015 VL 35 IS 4 BP 803 EP 813 DI 10.1007/s13157-015-0671-1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CN0FZ UT WOS:000358090800016 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZF AF Zhang, Z. Fred TI Field Soil Water Retention of the Prototype Hanford Barrier and Its Variability with Space and Time SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CAPILLARY BARRIER; AIR ENCAPSULATION; LANDFILL COVERS; HYSTERESIS; INFILTRATION; FLOW; SITE; PREDICTIONS; PERFORMANCE AB Engineered surface barriers (or covers) are used to isolate underlying contaminants from water, plants, animals, and humans. To understand the flow processes within a barrier and the barrier's ability to store and release water, the field hydraulic properties of the barrier need to be known. A multiyear test of the evapotranspiration (ET) barrier at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site in the southeast of the state of Washington has yielded in situ soil water content and pressure data from multiple locations for a 9-yr period, offering the opportunity to estimate soil water retention properties at different locations and times. The upper 2-m layer of the ET barrier is a silt loam, and the top 1 m also contains 15% (w/w) pea gravel. Within this layer, valid monitoring data from 1995 to 2003 for four depths at 12 monitoring stations were used to determine the field water retention of the silt loam, with and without gravel. The data covered a wide range of wetness, from near saturation to the permanent wilting point, and each retention curve contained 51 to 96 data points. The data were described well with the commonly used van Genuchten water retention model. It was found that the spatial variation of the saturated and residual water content and the pore size distribution parameter was relatively small, while that of the van Genuchten a was relatively large. The effects of spatial variability of the retention properties appeared to be larger than the combined effects of added pea gravel and plant roots on the properties. Neither the primary wetting process in the winter season nor the drying process in the summer season nor time had a detectable effect on the water retention of the silt loam barrier. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Earth Syst Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, ZF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Earth Syst Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fred.zhang@pnnl.gov FU USDOE Richland Operations Office under the Deep Vadose Zone Project; USDOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Funding for this research was partially provided by the USDOE Richland Operations Office under the Deep Vadose Zone Project. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the USDOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 8 DI 10.2136/vzj2015.01.0011 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA CS4SE UT WOS:000362065400012 ER PT J AU Gurev, V Pathmanathan, P Fattebert, JL Wen, HF Magerlein, J Gray, RA Richards, DF Rice, JJ AF Gurev, Viatcheslav Pathmanathan, Pras Fattebert, Jean-Luc Wen, Hui-Fang Magerlein, John Gray, Richard A. Richards, David F. Rice, J. Jeremy TI A high-resolution computational model of the deforming human heart SO BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cardiac mechanics; Soft tissue mechanics; Parallel computations; Ventricular model ID HUMAN LEFT-VENTRICLE; INDEFINITE LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ELASTICITY PROBLEMS; CARDIAC TISSUE; STRAIN; CONTRACTION; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ELECTROMECHANICS AB Modeling of the heart ventricles is one of the most challenging tasks in soft tissue mechanics because cardiac tissue is a strongly anisotropic incompressible material with an active component of stress. In most current approaches with active force, the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) is limited by the direct method of solution of linear systems of equations. We develop a new approach for high-resolution heart models with large numbers of DOF by: (1) developing a hex-dominant finite element mixed formulation and (2) developing a Krylov subspace iterative method that is able to solve the system of linearized equations for saddle-point problems with active stress. In our approach, passive cardiac tissue is modeled as a hyperelastic, incompressible material with orthotropic properties, and mixed pressure-displacement finite elements are used to enforce incompressibility. Active stress is generated by a model with force dependence on length and velocity of muscle shortening. The ventricles are coupled to a lumped circulatory model. For efficient solution of linear systems, we use Flexible GMRES with a nonlinear preconditioner based on block matrix decomposition involving the Schur complement. Three methods for approximating the inverse of the Schur complement are evaluated: inverse of the pressure mass matrix; least squares commutators; and sparse approximate inverse. The sub-matrix corresponding to the displacement variables is preconditioned by a V-cycle of hybrid geometric-algebraic multigrid followed by correction with several iterations of GMRES preconditioned by sparse approximate inverse. The overall solver is demonstrated on a high-resolution two ventricle mesh based on a human anatomy with roughly 130 K elements and 1.7 M displacement DOF. Effectiveness of the numerical method for active contraction is shown. To the best of our knowledge, this solver is the first to efficiently model ventricular contraction using an iterative linear solver for the mesh size demonstrated and therefore opens the possibility for future very high-resolution models. In addition, several relatively simple benchmark problems are designed for a verification exercise to show that the solver is functioning properly and correctly solves the underlying mathematical model. Here, the output of the newly designed solver is compared to that of the mechanics component of Chaste ('Cancer, Heart and Soft Tissue Environment'). These benchmark tests may be used by other researchers to verify their newly developed methods and codes. C1 [Gurev, Viatcheslav; Wen, Hui-Fang; Magerlein, John; Rice, J. Jeremy] IBM Res, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Pathmanathan, Pras; Gray, Richard A.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Fattebert, Jean-Luc; Richards, David F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pathmanathan, P (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM vgurev@us.ibm.com; pras.pathmanathan@fda.hhs.gov; fattebert1@llnl.gov; hfwen@us.ibm.com; mager@us.ibm.com; richard.gray@fda.hhs.gov; richards12@llnl.gov; johnrice@us.ibm.com FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank Tzanio Kolev and Ulrike Meier Yang from the Hypre team at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for very informative discussions. The work of J.-L. Fattebert and D. F. Richards was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-7959 EI 1617-7940 J9 BIOMECH MODEL MECHAN JI Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 14 IS 4 BP 829 EP 849 DI 10.1007/s10237-014-0639-8 PG 21 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA CL9ZZ UT WOS:000357339300011 PM 25567753 ER PT J AU Hu, NP Dong, XC He, XY Browning, JF Schaefer, DW AF Hu, Naiping Dong, Xuecheng He, Xueying Browning, James F. Schaefer, Dale W. TI Effect of sealing on the morphology of anodized aluminum oxide SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE A. Aluminum; B. X-ray diffraction; B. EIS; B. Reflectivity; C. Anodic films; C. Interfaces ID ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HEXAGONAL PORE ARRAYS; CORROSION BEHAVIOR; SEALED ALUMINUM; POROUS ALUMINA; CERIUM SALT; EIS; EXPOSURE; SILICON; ALLOYS AB Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), X-ray reflectomety (XRR) and neutron reflectometry (NR) were used to probe structure evolution induced by sealing of anodized aluminum. While cold nickel acetate sealing and hot-water sealing decrease pore size, these methods do not alter the cylindrical porous framework of the anodic aluminum oxide layer. Hot nickel acetate both fills the pores and deposits on the air surface (air-oxide interface), leading to low porosity and small mean pore radius (39 A). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and direct current polarization show that samples sealed by hot nickel acetate outperform samples sealed by other sealing methods. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, Naiping; Dong, Xuecheng; He, Xueying; Schaefer, Dale W.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Browning, James F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Schaefer, DW (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Dept Biomed Chem & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM dale.schaefer@uc.edu RI Browning, James/C-9841-2016 OI Browning, James/0000-0001-8379-259X FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program; LANL under DOE [W7405-ENG-36]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX Work at the University of Cincinnati was funded by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. We thank Jan Ilavsky, Peng Wang, Michael Jablin, Jarek Majewski and Rex Hjelm for assistance in collecting and interpreting the data. The NR data were collected at the SPEAR reflectometer at Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and at the LR Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. USAXS data were measured at beam line 15 ID at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. SANS data were collected using the LQD instrument at the Lujan Center.; The Lujan Neutron Scattering Center was supported by LANL under DOE contract W7405-ENG-36, and by Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The research at Oak Ridge was sponsored in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by the UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X EI 1879-0496 J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 97 BP 17 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.03.021 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CM2YJ UT WOS:000357548000003 ER PT J AU Watson, D Miller, C Lester, B Lowe, K Southworth, G Bogle, MA Liang, LY Pierce, E AF Watson, David Miller, Carrie Lester, Brian Lowe, Kenneth Southworth, George Bogle, Mary Anna Liang, Liyuan Pierce, Eric TI Mercury source zone identification using soil vapor sampling and analysis SO FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE push probe; spill; characterization; mapping; gas ID GAS AB Development and demonstration of reliable measurement techniques that can detect and help quantify the nature and extent of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in the subsurface are needed to reduce uncertainties in the decision-making process and increase the effectiveness of remedial actions. We conducted field tests at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, to determine if sampling and analysis of Hg(0) vapors in the shallow subsurface (< 0.3 m depth) can be used to as an indicator of the location and extent of Hg(0) releases in the subsurface. We constructed a rigid polyvinyl chloride push probe assembly, which was driven into the ground. Soil gas samples were collected through a sealed inner tube of the assembly and were analyzed immediately in the field with a Lumex and/or Jerome Hg(0) analyzer. Time-series sampling showed that Hg vapor concentrations were fairly stable over time, suggesting that the vapor phase Hg(0) was not being depleted and that sampling results were not sensitive to the soil gas purge volume. Hg(0) vapor data collected at over 200 push probe locations at 3 different release sites correlated very well to areas of known Hg(0) contamination. Vertical profiling of Hg(0) vapor concentrations conducted at two locations provided information on the vertical distribution of Hg(0) contamination in the subsurface. We conclude from our studies that soil gas sampling and analysis can be conducted rapidly and inexpensively at large scales to help identify areas contaminated with Hg(0). C1 [Watson, David; Miller, Carrie; Lester, Brian; Lowe, Kenneth; Southworth, George; Bogle, Mary Anna; Liang, Liyuan; Pierce, Eric] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Watson, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM watsondb@ornl.gov RI Watson, David/C-3256-2016; Pierce, Eric/G-1615-2011; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014 OI Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136; Pierce, Eric/0000-0002-4951-1931; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management, Technology Innovation and Development Office as part of the Remediation of Mercury and Industrial Contaminants Applied Field Research Initiative; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Funding for this project was provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management, Technology Innovation and Development Office as part of the Remediation of Mercury and Industrial Contaminants Applied Field Research Initiative. This work was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, operated by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We would like to thank Steve Field and Terry Cothron of B&W Y-12 for assistance in coordinating the collection of field samples at the Y-12 facility and Marcella Mueller for assisting with figure preparation NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 2095-2201 EI 2095-221X J9 FRONT ENV SCI ENG JI Front. Env. Sci. Eng. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 9 IS 4 BP 596 EP 604 DI 10.1007/s11783-014-0709-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CL9DA UT WOS:000357274400005 ER PT J AU Mallett, MW Bolch, WE Fulmer, PC Jue, TM McCurdy, DE Pillay, M Xu, XG AF Mallett, Michael W. Bolch, Wesley E. Fulmer, Philip C. Jue, Tracy M. McCurdy, David E. Pillay, Mike Xu, X. George TI NEW ANSI STANDARD FOR THYROID PHANTOM SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Mallett, Michael W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bolch, Wesley E.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Fulmer, Philip C.] Francis Marion Univ, Florence, SC USA. [Jue, Tracy M.] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. [Pillay, Mike] Med Ctr, The Hague, Netherlands. [Xu, X. George] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Mallett, MW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 109 IS 2 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CM2GV UT WOS:000357498800010 PM 26107438 ER PT J AU Jannik, T Farfan, EB Dixon, K Newton, J Sailors, C Johnson, L Moore, K Stahman, R AF Jannik, Tim Farfan, Eduardo B. Dixon, Ken Newton, Joseph Sailors, Christopher Johnson, Levi Moore, Kelsey Stahman, Richard TI Comparison of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's CAP88 PC Versions 3.0 and 4.0 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) with the assistance of Georgia Regents University, completed a comparison of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) environmental dosimetry code CAP88 PC V3.0 with the recently developed V4.0. CAP88 is a set of computer programs and databases used for estimation of dose and risk from radionuclide emissions to air. At the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site, CAP88 is used by SRNL for determining compliance with U.S. EPA's National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (40 CFR 61, Subpart H) regulations. Using standardized input parameters, individual runs were conducted for each radionuclide within its corresponding database. Some radioactive decay constants, human usage parameters, and dose coefficients changed between the two versions, directly causing a proportional change in the total effective dose. A detailed summary for select radionuclides of concern at the Savannah River Site (Co-60, Cs-137, H-3, I-129, Pu-239, and Sr-90) is provided. In general, the total effective doses will decrease for alpha/beta emitters because of reduced inhalation and ingestion rates in V4.0. However, for gamma emitters, such as Co-60 and Cs-137, the total effective doses will increase because of changes U.S. EPA made in the external ground shine calculations. C1 [Jannik, Tim; Dixon, Ken] Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Farfan, Eduardo B.] Kennesaw State Univ, Nucl Engn, Marietta, GA USA. [Newton, Joseph; Sailors, Christopher; Johnson, Levi; Moore, Kelsey; Stahman, Richard] Georgia Regents Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Augusta, GA USA. RP Jannik, T (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut, Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC USA. EM tim.jannik@srnl.doe.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC09-08SR22470]; U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Management [DE-EM0001232] FX This manuscript was prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Under Contract Number DE-AC09-08SR22470. This material also is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Management under Award Number DE-EM0001232. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 109 SU 2 BP S169 EP S175 DI 10.1097/HP.0000000000000314 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA CM3LH UT WOS:000357583100006 PM 26102326 ER PT J AU Crawford, JN Mensing, SA Lake, FK Zimmerman, SR AF Crawford, Jeffrey N. Mensing, Scott A. Lake, Frank K. Zimmerman, Susan R. H. TI Late Holocene fire and vegetation reconstruction from the western Klamath Mountains, California, USA: A multi-disciplinary approach for examining potential human land-use impacts SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic impacts; California; fire history; forest structure; Klamath Mountains; vegetation change ID TREE-RING RECORDS; POSTGLACIAL VEGETATION; SISKIYOU MOUNTAINS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; HISTORY; CHARCOAL; FORESTS AB The influence of Native American land-use practices on vegetation composition and structure has long been a subject of significant debate. This is particularly true in portions of the western United States where tribal hunter-gatherers did not use agriculture to meet subsistence and other cultural needs. Climate has been viewed as the dominant determinant of vegetation structure and composition change over time, but ethnographic and anthropological evidence suggests that Native American land-use practices (particularly through the use of fire) had significant landscape effects on vegetation. However, it is difficult to distinguish climatically driven vegetation change from human-caused vegetation change using traditional paleoecological methods. To address this problem, we use a multidisciplinary methodology that incorporates paleoecology with local ethnographic and archaeological information at two lake sites in northwestern California. We show that anthropogenic impacts can be distinguished at our Fish Lake site during the cool and wet Little Ice Age', when we have evidence for open-forest or shade-intolerant vegetation, fostered for subsistence and cultural purposes, rather than the closed-forest or shade-tolerant vegetation expected due to the climatic shift. We also see a strong anthropogenic influence on modern vegetation at both sites following European settlement, decline in tribal use, and subsequent fire exclusion. These results demonstrate that Native American influences on vegetation structure and composition can be distinguished using methods that take into account both physical and cultural aspects of the landscape. They also begin to determine the scale at which western forests were influenced by Native American land-use practices and how modern forests of northwestern California are not solely products of climate alone. C1 [Crawford, Jeffrey N.; Mensing, Scott A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Mackay Sci MS 154, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lake, Frank K.] Pacif Southwest Res Stn, US Forest Serv, Albany, CA USA. [Zimmerman, Susan R. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA USA. RP Mensing, SA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Mackay Sci MS 154, 201 Mackay Sci Hall, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM smensing@unr.edu FU National Science Foundation [0926732, 0964261]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [09ERI003]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (#0926732 and #0964261) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Grant #09ERI003. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 101 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 27 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 EI 1477-0911 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1341 EP 1357 DI 10.1177/0959683615584205 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA CM2PT UT WOS:000357524500012 ER PT J AU Lone, AG Atci, E Renslow, R Beyenal, H Noh, S Fransson, B Abu-Lail, N Park, JJ Gang, DR Call, DR AF Lone, Abdul G. Atci, Erhan Renslow, Ryan Beyenal, Haluk Noh, Susan Fransson, Boel Abu-Lail, Nehal Park, Jeong-Jin Gang, David R. Call, Douglas R. TI Colonization of Epidermal Tissue by Staphylococcus aureus Produces Localized Hypoxia and Stimulates Secretion of Antioxidant and Caspase-14 Proteins SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN SKIN; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; IN-VITRO; INFECTIONS; OXYGEN; SURFACE; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION AB A partial-thickness epidermal explant model was colonized with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Staphylococcus aureus, and the pattern of S. aureus biofilm growth was characterized using electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The oxygen concentration in explants was quantified using microelectrodes. The relative effective diffusivity and porosity of the epidermis were determined using magnetic resonance imaging, while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in explant media was measured by using microelectrodes. Secreted proteins were identified and quantified using elevated-energy mass spectrometry (MSE). S. aureus biofilm grows predominantly in lipid-rich areas around hair follicles and associated skin folds. Dissolved oxygen was selectively depleted (2- to 3-fold) in these locations, but the relative effective diffusivity and porosity did not change between colonized and control epidermis. Histological analysis revealed keratinocyte damage across all the layers of colonized epidermis after 4 days of culture. The colonized explants released significantly (P<0.01) more antioxidant proteins of both epidermal and S. aureus origin, consistent with elevated H2O2 concentrations found in the media from the colonized explants (P<0.001). Caspase-14 was also elevated significantly in the media from the colonized explants. While H2O2 induces primary keratinocyte differentiation, caspase-14 is required for terminal keratinocyte differentiation and desquamation. These results are consistent with a localized biological impact from S. aureus in response to colonization of the skin surface. C1 [Lone, Abdul G.; Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Atci, Erhan; Beyenal, Haluk; Abu-Lail, Nehal] Washington State Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Bioengn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Renslow, Ryan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Noh, Susan] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Noh, Susan; Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fransson, Boel] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Park, Jeong-Jin; Gang, David R.] Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Call, DR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Paul G Allen Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM drcall@wsu.edu OI Call, Douglas/0000-0001-6791-055X FU U.S. Department of Defense [DM110308]; Agricultural Animal Health Program, Washington State University; Washington State Agricultural Research Center, Pullman, WA; National Science Foundation [DBI-1229749]; Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This research was supported in part by a grant (DM110308) from the U.S. Department of Defense and by the Agricultural Animal Health Program, Washington State University, and the Washington State Agricultural Research Center, Pullman, WA. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed on an instrument acquired through a Major Research Instrumentation grant (DBI-1229749) from National Science Foundation to D.R.G. Ryan Renslow was partially supported by a Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.; We thank Niles Donegan, the Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, for his kind gift of GFP-labeled S. aureus. We also thank Carla Schubiger and Lisa Orfe for their help in the laboratory and Tom Tevlin and Daniel Broeckel of Garfield Meats (Garfield, WA) and Sam Hunt and Jake Brunton of C&L Locker (Moscow, ID) for their generous gift of pig ears. All NMR experiments were performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 83 IS 8 BP 3026 EP 3034 DI 10.1128/IAI.00175-15 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA CM3XI UT WOS:000357618300003 PM 25987705 ER PT J AU Xue, XB Hawkins, TR Ingwersen, WW Smith, RL AF Xue, Xiaobo Hawkins, Troy R. Ingwersen, Wesley W. Smith, Raymond L. TI Demonstrating an approach for including pesticide use in life-cycle assessment: Estimating human and ecosystem toxicity of pesticide use in Midwest corn farming SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Corn; Ecotoxicity; Human health; Life-cycle assessment; Midwest; Pesticide ID KEY CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; ANALYSIS SENSITIVITY; COSTA-RICA; EMISSIONS; MODEL; ECOTOXICITY; METOLACHLOR; ATRAZINE; IMPACTS; PESTLCI AB This study demonstrates an approach to assess human health and ecotoxicity impacts of pesticide use by including multiple environmental pathways and various exposure routes using the case of corn grown for bio-based fuel or chemical production in US Midwestern states. Multiple tools including an environmental emission model (PestLCI), an impact analysis tool (USEtox), and additional databases were utilized to estimate the state-specific pesticide releases and their associated spatially explicit toxicity in Midwest states. On average, chlorpyrifos and acetochlor exhibit the highest human toxicity potential (HTP) and the highest ecotoxicity potential (ETP) impact scores, respectively. The different ranking orders of pesticides for human health and ecosystem toxicity suggest that there are tradeoffs between these two impact categories. While the air pathway can account for 10-97 % of HTP, the water pathway is the dominating contributor for ETP for most of the pesticides. Moreover, while chlorpyrifos, fipronil, 2,4-d-2-ethylhexyl ester, simazine, and glufosinate-ammonium together account for more than 80 % of HTP per kilogram harvested corn, acetochlor is the dominating contributor in ETP due to its high ecotoxicity characterization factor and high application rates for corn. In addition, the spatial variation analysis shows that South Dakota and Missouri are the states that have the highest HTP (per kg corn), while Kansas exhibits the highest ETP (per kg corn) among Midwest states. HTP and ETP exhibit large variations across various pesticides, US states, and application times. While chemical properties and toxicity characteristics can result in up to five orders of magnitude of variation in HTP and ETP, the rest of the parameters (such as application times, soil properties, and climate conditions) can affect the results by up to two orders of magnitude. C1 [Xue, Xiaobo] ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hawkins, Troy R.; Ingwersen, Wesley W.; Smith, Raymond L.] US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), US EPA, Sustainable Technol Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM smith.raymond@epa.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 31 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0948-3349 EI 1614-7502 J9 INT J LIFE CYCLE ASS JI Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1117 EP 1126 DI 10.1007/s11367-015-0902-y PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CM2MF UT WOS:000357513700007 ER PT J AU Kelly, JC Huber, DL Price, AD Roberts, ME AF Kelly, Jesse C. Huber, Dale L. Price, Andrew D. Roberts, Mark E. TI Switchable electrolyte properties and redox chemistry in aqueous media based on temperature-responsive polymers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Stimuli-responsive materials; PNIPAM copolymers; Polymer electrolytes; Redox electrodes; Thermally responsive polymers; Temperature-dependent properties ID BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; MICROGEL PARTICLES; RANDOM COPOLYMERS; PH; BATTERIES; RELEASE; ACID; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE); POLYANILINE AB Macromolecular ionomer solutions exhibiting macroscopic properties that change in response to temperature are referred to as thermally responsive polymer electrolytes (RPEs). Such materials provide a means to control electrochemical systems using an external stimulus that affects the polymer phase behavior and electrolyte properties. RPEs were synthesized with N-isopropylacrylamide, which governs the thermal properties, and varying fractions of acrylic acid, which provides ionic properties. These polymers undergo a thermally activated phase separation in aqueous solutions at a given temperature, thereby altering the ionic strength, pH, and conductivity of the electrolyte solution. In this article, we demonstrate how the molecular properties of RPEs, specifically the ionic composition, influence the temperature-dependent electrolyte properties and the extent to which these electrolytes can control the activity of redox electrodes. Materials with high ionic content provide the highest room temperature ion conductivity and redox activity; however, RPEs with low ionic content provide the highest "on-off" ratio in electrochemical activity at elevated temperatures. [GRAPHICS] . C1 [Kelly, Jesse C.; Roberts, Mark E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Huber, Dale L.; Price, Andrew D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Roberts, ME (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mrober9@clemson.edu RI Huber, Dale/A-6006-2008; Roberts, Mark/H-9865-2016 OI Huber, Dale/0000-0001-6872-8469; Roberts, Mark/0000-0001-5971-6650 FU 3 M Non-Tenured Faculty Grant; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX M.E.R. acknowledges partial support from the 3 M Non-Tenured Faculty Grant. A portion of this work was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors declare no competing financial interest. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X EI 1572-8838 J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 45 IS 8 BP 921 EP 930 DI 10.1007/s10800-015-0839-7 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA CM4PV UT WOS:000357667800012 ER PT J AU Pavanello, D Zaaiman, W Colli, A Heiser, J Smith, S AF Pavanello, Diego Zaaiman, Willem Colli, Alessandra Heiser, John Smith, Scott TI Statistical functions and relevant correlation coefficients of clearness index SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Solar radiation; PV system; Statistical analysis; Fuzzy logic; Correlation coefficients ID SOLAR-RADIATION; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION; INSOLATION VALUES AB This article presents a statistical analysis of the sky conditions, during years from 2010 to 2012, for three different locations: the Joint Research Centre site in Ispra (Italy, European. Solar Test Installation - ESTI laboratories), the site of National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden (Colorado, USA) and the site of Brookhaven National Laboratories in Upton (New York, USA). The key parameter is the clearness index k(T), a dimensionless expression of the global irradiance impinging upon a horizontal surface at a given instant of time. In the first part, the sky conditions are characterized using daily averages, giving a general overview of the three sites. In the second part the analysis is performed using data sets with a short-term resolution of 1 sample per minute, demonstrating remarkable properties of the statistical distributions of the clearness index, reinforced by a proof using fuzzy logic methods. Successively some time-dependent correlations between different meteorological variables are presented in terms of Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and introducing a new one. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pavanello, Diego; Zaaiman, Willem] Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Energy & Transport, Renewable Energies Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Colli, Alessandra; Heiser, John; Smith, Scott] Brookhaven Natl Labs, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pavanello, D (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Energy & Transport, Renewable Energies Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM diego.pavanello@ec.europa.eu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 EI 1879-1824 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 130 BP 142 EP 150 DI 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.05.012 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CM5UH UT WOS:000357754000014 ER PT J AU Zhulin, IB AF Zhulin, Igor B. TI Databases for Microbiologists SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS SYSTEM; PROTEIN FAMILIES DATABASE; MODEL ORGANISM DATABASES; GENOME ANNOTATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE; MICROBIAL RESOURCE AB Databases play an increasingly important role in biology. They archive, store, maintain, and share information on genes, genomes, expression data, protein sequences and structures, metabolites and reactions, interactions, and pathways. All these data are critically important to microbiologists. Furthermore, microbiology has its own databases that deal with model microorganisms, microbial diversity, physiology, and pathogenesis. Thousands of biological databases are currently available, and it becomes increasingly difficult to keep up with their development. The purpose of this minireview is to provide a brief survey of current databases that are of interest to microbiologists. C1 [Zhulin, Igor B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhulin, Igor B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhulin, IB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ijouline@utk.edu OI Zhulin, Igor/0000-0002-6708-5323 FU National Institutes of Health [GM072285, DE024463] FX Work in my laboratory is supported by grants GM072285 and DE024463 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 142 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 197 IS 15 BP 2458 EP 2467 DI 10.1128/JB.00330-15 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CM3QH UT WOS:000357597600002 PM 26013493 ER PT J AU Zheng, TY Olson, DG Tian, L Bomble, YJ Himmel, ME Lo, J Hon, S Shaw, AJ van Dijken, JP Lynd, LR AF Zheng, Tianyong Olson, Daniel G. Tian, Liang Bomble, Yannick J. Himmel, Michael E. Lo, Jonathan Hon, Shuen Shaw, A. Joe van Dijken, Johannes P. Lynd, Lee R. TI Cofactor Specificity of the Bifunctional Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (AdhE) in Wild-Type and Mutant Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HISTOLYTICA ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE-2 EHADH2; IMPROVED ETHANOL TOLERANCE; PYRUVATE-FORMATE-LYASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; ACETALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GENE; PURIFICATION AB Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum are thermophilic bacteria that have been engineered to produce ethanol from the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of biomass, respectively. Although engineered strains of T. saccharolyticum produce ethanol with a yield of 90% of the theoretical maximum, engineered strains of C. thermocellum produce ethanol at lower yields (similar to 50% of the theoretical maximum). In the course of engineering these strains, a number of mutations have been discovered in their adhE genes, which encode both alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes. To understand the effects of these mutations, the adhE genes from six strains of C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, the enzymes produced were purified by affinity chromatography, and enzyme activity was measured. In wild-type strains of both organisms, NADH was the preferred cofactor for both ALDH and ADH activities. In high-ethanol-producing (ethanologen) strains of T. saccharolyticum, both ALDH and ADH activities showed increased NADPH-linked activity. Interestingly, the AdhE protein of the ethanologenic strain of C. thermocellum has acquired high NADPH-linked ADH activity while maintaining NADH-linked ALDH and ADH activities at wild-type levels. When single amino acid mutations in AdhE that caused increased NADPH-linked ADH activity were introduced into C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum, ethanol production increased in both organisms. Structural analysis of the wild-type and mutant AdhE proteins was performed to provide explanations for the cofactor specificity change on a molecular level. IMPORTANCE This work describes the characterization of the AdhE enzyme from different strains of C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum. C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum are thermophilic anaerobes that have been engineered to make high yields of ethanol and can solubilize components of plant biomass and ferment the sugars to ethanol. In the course of engineering these strains, several mutations arose in the bifunctional ADH/ALDH protein AdhE, changing both enzyme activity and cofactor specificity. We show that changing AdhE cofactor specificity from mostly NADH linked to mostly NADPH linked resulted in higher ethanol production by C. thermocellum and T. saccharolyticum. C1 [Zheng, Tianyong; Lo, Jonathan; Lynd, Lee R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Olson, Daniel G.; Tian, Liang; Hon, Shuen; Lynd, Lee R.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bomble, Yannick J.; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Shaw, A. Joe] Novogy Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [van Dijken, Johannes P.] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Zheng, Tianyong; Olson, Daniel G.; Tian, Liang; Bomble, Yannick J.; Himmel, Michael E.; Lo, Jonathan; Hon, Shuen; Lynd, Lee R.] BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lynd, LR (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Lee.R.Lynd@Dartmouth.edu RI Olson, Daniel/F-2058-2011; OI Olson, Daniel/0000-0001-5393-6302; Hon, Shuen/0000-0003-2146-0105 FU Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [4000115284, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The genome sequencing work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility, is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The BioEnergy Science Center is a U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. The manuscript was authored by Dartmouth College under subcontract 4000115284 and contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 197 IS 15 BP 2610 EP 2619 DI 10.1128/JB.00232-15 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CM3QH UT WOS:000357597600016 PM 26013492 ER PT J AU Wang, ZY Liu, BW Zhao, EW Jin, K Du, YG Neeway, JJ Ryan, JV Hu, DH Zhang, KHL Hong, MN Le Guernic, S Thevuthasan, S Wang, FY Zhu, ZH AF Wang, Zhaoying Liu, Bingwen Zhao, Evan W. Jin, Ke Du, Yingge Neeway, James J. Ryan, Joseph V. Hu, Dehong Zhang, Kelvin H. L. Hong, Mina Le Guernic, Solenne Thevuthasan, Suntharampilai Wang, Fuyi Zhu, Zihua TI Argon Cluster Sputtering Source for ToF-SIMS Depth Profiling of Insulating Materials: High Sputter Rate and Accurate Interfacial Information SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ToF-SIMS; Argon cluster; SON68 glass; Perovskite oxide thin films; Sputtering rate; Charging alleviation ID ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR-WASTE GLASS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; BEAMS; SAMPLES; DISSOLUTION; DIFFUSION AB The use of an argon cluster ion sputtering source has been demonstrated to perform superiorly relative to traditional oxygen and cesium ion sputtering sources for ToF-SIMS depth profiling of insulating materials. The superior performance has been attributed to effective alleviation of surface charging. A simulated nuclear waste glass (SON68) and layered hole-perovskite oxide thin films were selected as model systems because of their fundamental and practical significance. Our results show that high sputter rates and accurate interfacial information can be achieved simultaneously for argon cluster sputtering, whereas this is not the case for cesium and oxygen sputtering. Therefore, the implementation of an argon cluster sputtering source can significantly improve the analysis efficiency of insulating materials and, thus, can expand its applications to the study of glass corrosion, perovskite oxide thin film characterization, and many other systems of interest. C1 [Wang, Zhaoying; Wang, Fuyi] Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Analyt Chem Living Biosyst, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing Ctr Mass Spectrometry,Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wang, Zhaoying; Liu, Bingwen; Zhao, Evan W.; Jin, Ke; Hu, Dehong; Hong, Mina; Le Guernic, Solenne; Thevuthasan, Suntharampilai; Zhu, Zihua] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Du, Yingge; Zhang, Kelvin H. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Comp Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Neeway, James J.; Ryan, Joseph V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Wang, FY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, CAS Key Lab Analyt Chem Living Biosyst, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing Ctr Mass Spectrometry,Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM fuyi.wang@iccas.ac.cn; zihua.zhu@pnnl.gov RI Hu, Dehong/B-4650-2010; Zhu, Zihua/K-7652-2012; OI Hu, Dehong/0000-0002-3974-2963; Neeway, Jim/0000-0001-7046-8408 FU NSFC [21127901, 21135006, 21321003]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (Fuel Cycle Research and Development); U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (Tank Waste Managementt) [EM-21]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX F.Y.W and Z.Y.W thank the NSFC (grant no. 21127901, 21135006, 21321003) for support. This work was partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (Fuel Cycle Research and Development) and Office of Environmental Management (Tank Waste Managementt, EM-21). The work was performed at EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at PNNL. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1283 EP 1290 DI 10.1007/s13361-015-1159-1 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA CM2IN UT WOS:000357503400004 PM 25953490 ER PT J AU Yang, XH Cushman, JC Borland, AM Edwards, EJ Wullschleger, SD Tuskan, GA Owen, NA Griffiths, H Smith, JAC De Paoli, HC Weston, DJ Cottingham, R Hartwell, J Davis, SC Silvera, K Ming, R Schlauch, K Abraham, P Stewart, JR Guo, HB Albion, R Ha, JM Lim, SD Wone, BWM Yim, WC Garcia, T Mayer, JA Petereit, J Nair, SS Casey, E Hettich, RL Ceusters, J Ranjan, P Palla, KJ Yin, HF Reyes-Garcia, C Andrade, JL Freschi, L Beltran, JD Dever, LV Boxall, SF Waller, J Davies, J Bupphada, P Kadu, N Winter, K Sage, RF Aguilar, CN Schmutz, J Jenkins, J Holtum, JAM AF Yang, Xiaohan Cushman, John C. Borland, Anne M. Edwards, Erika J. Wullschleger, Stan D. Tuskan, Gerald A. Owen, Nick A. Griffiths, Howard Smith, J. Andrew C. De Paoli, Henrique C. Weston, David J. Cottingham, Robert Hartwell, James Davis, Sarah C. Silvera, Katia Ming, Ray Schlauch, Karen Abraham, Paul Stewart, J. Ryan Guo, Hao-Bo Albion, Rebecca Ha, Jungmin Lim, Sung Don Wone, Bernard W. M. Yim, Won Cheol Garcia, Travis Mayer, Jesse A. Petereit, Juli Nair, Sujithkumar S. Casey, Erin Hettich, Robert L. Ceusters, Johan Ranjan, Priya Palla, Kaitlin J. Yin, Hengfu Reyes-Garcia, Casandra Luis Andrade, Jose Freschi, Luciano Beltran, Juan D. Dever, Louisa V. Boxall, Susanna F. Waller, Jade Davies, Jack Bupphada, Phaitun Kadu, Nirja Winter, Klaus Sage, Rowan F. Aguilar, Cristobal N. Schmutz, Jeremy Jenkins, Jerry Holtum, Joseph A. M. TI A roadmap for research on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to enhance sustainable food and bioenergy production in a hotter, drier world SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE bioenergy; crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM); drought; genomics; photosynthesis; roadmap; synthetic biology; water-use efficiency (WUE) ID COMMON ICE PLANT; CARBON-ISOTOPE RATIOS; PORTULACA-OLERACEA L; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POPULATION PROJECTIONS; REGULATORY NETWORKS; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; SEDUM-TELEPHIUM; EXPRESSION AB Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that features nocturnal CO2 uptake, facilitates increased water-use efficiency (WUE), and enables CAM plants to inhabit water-limited environments such as semi-arid deserts or seasonally dry forests. Human population growth and global climate change now present challenges for agricultural production systems to increase food, feed, forage, fiber, and fuel production. One approach to meet these challenges is to increase reliance on CAM crops, such as Agave and Opuntia, for biomass production on semi-arid, abandoned, marginal, or degraded agricultural lands. Major research efforts are now underway to assess the productivity of CAM crop species and to harness the WUE of CAM by engineering this pathway into existing food, feed, and bioenergy crops. An improved understanding of CAM has potential for high returns on research investment. To exploit the potential of CAM crops and CAM bioengineering, it will be necessary to elucidate the evolution, genomic features, and regulatory mechanisms of CAM. Field trials and predictive models will be required to assess the productivity of CAM crops, while new synthetic biology approaches need to be developed for CAM engineering. Infrastructure will be needed for CAM model systems, field trials, mutant collections, and data management. C1 [Yang, Xiaohan; Borland, Anne M.; De Paoli, Henrique C.; Weston, David J.; Cottingham, Robert; Ranjan, Priya; Palla, Kaitlin J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cushman, John C.; Albion, Rebecca; Ha, Jungmin; Lim, Sung Don; Wone, Bernard W. M.; Yim, Won Cheol; Garcia, Travis; Mayer, Jesse A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Borland, Anne M.; Casey, Erin] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Edwards, Erika J.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Wullschleger, Stan D.; Nair, Sujithkumar S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Owen, Nick A.; Griffiths, Howard] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Smith, J. Andrew C.; Beltran, Juan D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Hartwell, James; Dever, Louisa V.; Boxall, Susanna F.; Waller, Jade; Davies, Jack; Bupphada, Phaitun; Kadu, Nirja] Univ Liverpool, Inst Integrat Biol, Dept Plant Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, England. [Davis, Sarah C.] Ohio Univ, Voinovich Sch Leadership & Publ Affairs, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Davis, Sarah C.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Silvera, Katia; Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ming, Ray] Fujian Agr & Forestry Univ, FAFU & UIUC SIB Joint Ctr Genom & Biotechnol, Fuzhou 350002, Peoples R China. [Schlauch, Karen; Petereit, Juli] Univ Nevada, Nevada Ctr Bioinformat, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Abraham, Paul; Hettich, Robert L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stewart, J. Ryan] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Guo, Hao-Bo] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ceusters, Johan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Fac Engn Technol, TC Bioengn Technol, Dept M2S, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Yin, Hengfu] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Subtrop Forestry, Key Lab Forest Genet & Breeding, Fuyang 311400, Peoples R China. [Reyes-Garcia, Casandra; Luis Andrade, Jose] Ctr Invest Cient Yucatan, Colonia Chuburna De Hida 97200, Merida, Mexico. [Freschi, Luciano] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Bot, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Sage, Rowan F.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada. [Aguilar, Cristobal N.] Univ Autonoma Coahuila, Sch Chem, Dept Food Res, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. [Schmutz, Jeremy; Jenkins, Jerry] HudsonAlpha Inst Biotechnol, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Holtum, Joseph A. M.] James Cook Univ, Coll Marine & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Yang, XH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangx@ornl.gov RI Abraham, Paul/K-5599-2015; Research ID, CTBCC /O-3564-2014; Yin, Hengfu/H-1695-2012; Yang, Xiaohan/A-6975-2011; Hartwell, James/M-7249-2014; Guo, Hao-Bo/B-7486-2009; Yim, Won Cheol/K-9100-2016; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011 OI Mayer, Jesse/0000-0001-9839-5001; Yin, Hengfu/0000-0002-0720-5311; Yang, Xiaohan/0000-0001-5207-4210; Hartwell, James/0000-0001-5000-223X; Guo, Hao-Bo/0000-0003-1321-1758; De Paoli, Henrique/0000-0001-8494-0603; Yim, Won Cheol/0000-0002-7489-0435; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F009313/1] NR 95 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 13 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 207 IS 3 BP 491 EP 504 DI 10.1111/nph.13393 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CM6TZ UT WOS:000357824400005 PM 26153373 ER PT J AU McCormack, ML Dickie, IA Eissenstat, DM Fahey, TJ Fernandez, CW Guo, DL Helmisaari, HS Hobbie, EA Iversen, CM Jackson, RB Leppalammi-Kujansuu, J Norby, RJ Phillips, RP Pregitzer, KS Pritchard, SG Rewald, B Zadworny, M AF McCormack, M. Luke Dickie, Ian A. Eissenstat, David M. Fahey, Timothy J. Fernandez, Christopher W. Guo, Dali Helmisaari, Helja-Sisko Hobbie, Erik A. Iversen, Colleen M. Jackson, Robert B. Leppalammi-Kujansuu, Jaana Norby, Richard J. Phillips, Richard P. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Pritchard, Seth G. Rewald, Boris Zadworny, Marcin TI Redefining fine roots improves understanding of below-ground contributions to terrestrial biosphere processes SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE below ground; ecosystem; ecosystem modeling; fine-root order; mycorrhizal fungi; net primary productivity (NPP); plant allocation; plant traits ID LONGLEAF PINE FOREST; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ABIES L. KARST.; NORWAY SPRUCE; BRANCH ORDER; CHINESE TEMPERATE; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CARBON ALLOCATION; GLOBAL PATTERNS; STAND CHARACTERISTICS AB Fine roots acquire essential soil resources and mediate biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimates of carbon and nutrient allocation to build and maintain these structures remain uncertain because of the challenges of consistently measuring and interpreting fine-root systems. Traditionally, fine roots have been defined as all roots 2mm in diameter, yet it is now recognized that this approach fails to capture the diversity of form and function observed among fine-root orders. Here, we demonstrate how order-based and functional classification frameworks improve our understanding of dynamic root processes in ecosystems dominated by perennial plants. In these frameworks, fine roots are either separated into individual root orders or functionally defined into a shorter-lived absorptive pool and a longer-lived transport fine-root pool. Using these frameworks, we estimate that fine-root production and turnover represent 22% of terrestrial net primary production globally - a c. 30% reduction from previous estimates assuming a single fine-root pool. Future work developing tools to rapidly differentiate functional fine-root classes, explicit incorporation of mycorrhizal fungi into fine-root studies, and wider adoption of a two-pool approach to model fine roots provide opportunities to better understand below-ground processes in the terrestrial biosphere. C1 [McCormack, M. Luke; Guo, Dali] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Dickie, Ian A.] Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect Res Ctr, Canterbury, New Zealand. [Eissenstat, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fahey, Timothy J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fernandez, Christopher W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN USA. [Helmisaari, Helja-Sisko; Leppalammi-Kujansuu, Jaana] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Sci, Helsinki, Finland. [Hobbie, Erik A.] Univ New Hampshire, Earth Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Phillips, Richard P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Rangeland & Fire Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Pritchard, Seth G.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Rewald, Boris] Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci, Inst Forest Ecol, Vienna, Austria. [Zadworny, Marcin] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Dendrol, PL-62035 Kornik, Poland. RP McCormack, ML (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM mltmcc@gmail.com RI Dickie, Ian/C-5419-2013; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Guo, Dali/C-3498-2012; Rewald, Boris/A-7315-2011 OI Helmisaari, Helja-Sisko/0000-0002-3056-7820; Dickie, Ian/0000-0002-2740-2128; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Rewald, Boris/0000-0001-8098-0616 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC) for Young International Researchers [31350110503]; One-Hundred Talent Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZZD-EW-TZ-11]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US DOE Office of Science FX We thank Ma Zeqing, Liu Bitao, Tom Adams, Emily Lavely, Amy Zanne, Brad Oberle, Darcy Young, and Amy Milo for help and constructive feedback. We are grateful for the very constructive comments provided by two anonymous reviewers on an earlier draft. We also extend tremendous gratitude to Ying Wang for outstanding artwork contributing to Figs 1 and 2. This work was supported principally by research fellowships from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC) for Young International Researchers to M.L.M. (no. 31350110503), as well as the One-Hundred Talent Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences grant to D.G. (no. KZZD-EW-TZ-11) and Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US DOE Office of Science grants to C.M.I. and R.J.N. NR 111 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 56 U2 222 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 207 IS 3 BP 505 EP 518 DI 10.1111/nph.13363 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA CM6TZ UT WOS:000357824400006 PM 25756288 ER PT J AU Huang, HC Malladi, G Zhang, LH Dadap, JI Kisslinger, K Bakhru, H Osgood, RM AF Huang, Hsu-Cheng Malladi, Girish Zhang, Lihua Dadap, Jerry I. Kisslinger, Kim Bakhru, Hassaram Osgood, Richard M., Jr. TI Characterization of selective etching and patterning by sequential light- and heavy-ion irradiation of LiNbO3 SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Lithium niobate (LiNbO3); Ion irradiation; Selective etching; Patterning ID LITHIUM-NIOBATE; FABRICATION AB The induced selective etching properties of LiNbO3 in a sample subjected to ion processing using sequential light- and heavy-ion irradiation are investigated and discussed. Through the use of TEM and SEM, the lattice structure at the amorphous-crystalline interface is examined after heavy ion exposure and it is found that single-energy amorphizing irradiation results in undercut etching at the interface, while multiple-energy irradiation yields sharper features. Such sequential-irradiation process based on both light-and heavy-ion irradiation enables ready fabrication of concomitant high-resolution patterning and exfoliation of structured freestanding thin films. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Hsu-Cheng; Dadap, Jerry I.; Osgood, Richard M., Jr.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Malladi, Girish; Bakhru, Hassaram] SUNY Albany, Polytech Inst, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Zhang, Lihua; Kisslinger, Kim] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, HC (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Integrated Sci & Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM hh2362@columbia.edu RI Kisslinger, Kim/F-4485-2014; OI Huang, Hsu-Cheng/0000-0001-9485-4995 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECCS-1302488]; Center for Functional Nanomaterials; Brookhaven National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number ECCS-1302488. Research carried out in part at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 EI 1873-1252 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2015.03.019 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CM0EH UT WOS:000357350700001 ER PT J AU Polikarpov, E Catalini, D Padmaperuma, A Das, P Lemmon, T Arey, B Fernandez, CA AF Polikarpov, E. Catalini, D. Padmaperuma, A. Das, P. Lemmon, T. Arey, B. Fernandez, C. A. TI A high efficiency rare earth-free orange emitting phosphor SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Phosphor; Rare-earth free; Photoluminescence; Aluminum nitride; Manganese; Efficiency ID FIELD-EMISSION DISPLAYS; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; ALPHA-SIALON; RED PHOSPHOR; M2SI5N8 M; SR; BA; DIODES; EU2+ AB This communication provides a brief summary on rare earth (RE)-based and RE free-based nitrides and oxynitride phosphors reporting for the first time the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of a highly emissive AlN:Mn2+ obtained at relatively low temperatures. The PLQY of the AlN:Mn emitter was measured to be 82%, a value among the highest measured for non-RE phosphors. Though the AlN matrix shows an emission peak at a similar position to the emission peak observed for AlN:Mn product, the Mn-containing species generates orange emission by a different mechanism, which was supported by the emission life time studies and in accordance with previous reports on this material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Polikarpov, E.; Catalini, D.; Padmaperuma, A.; Lemmon, T.; Fernandez, C. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Arey, B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Das, P.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Renewable Carbon, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Fernandez, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM carlos.fernandez@pnnl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research Development program from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) [LDRD/65140] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Matthew Love and Walter Weimer for the encouragement and support and the Laboratory Directed Research Development program from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the financial support (LDRD/65140). SEM and EDS analysis was performed in EMSL (Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory; EMSL proposal # 48166), a DOE national scientific user facility at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 EI 1873-1252 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46 BP 614 EP 618 DI 10.1016/j.optmat.2015.04.013 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA CM0EH UT WOS:000357350700099 ER PT J AU Israelsson, N Unocic, KA Hellstrom, K Jonsson, T Norell, M Svensson, JE Johansson, LG AF Israelsson, N. Unocic, K. A. Hellstrom, K. Jonsson, T. Norell, M. Svensson, J. -E. Johansson, L. -G. TI A Microstructural and Kinetic Investigation of the KCl-Induced Corrosion of an FeCrAl Alloy at 600 degrees C SO OXIDATION OF METALS LA English DT Article DE FeCrAl; High-temperature corrosion; Water vapour; KCl ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION; INITIAL-STAGES; WATER-VAPOR; SUPERHEATER MATERIALS; INTERNAL OXIDATION; BIOMASS; BOILERS; STEELS; NACL; 600-DEGREES-C AB The corrosion behaviour of a FeCrAl alloy was investigated at 600 A degrees C in O-2 + H2O with solid KCl applied. A kinetics and microstructural investigation showed that KCl accelerates corrosion and that potassium chromate formation depletes the protective scale in Cr, thus triggering the formation of a fast-growing iron-rich scale. Iron oxide was found to grow both inward and outward, on either side of the initial oxide. A chromia layer is formed with time underneath the iron oxide. It was found that although the alloy does not form a continuous pure alumina scale at the investigated temperature, aluminium is, however, always enriched at the oxide/alloy interface. C1 [Israelsson, N.; Hellstrom, K.; Jonsson, T.; Svensson, J. -E.; Johansson, L. -G.] Chalmers, Swedish Competence Ctr High Temp Corros, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Unocic, K. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Norell, M.] Chalmers, Dept Mat & Mfg Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Israelsson, N (reprint author), Chalmers, Swedish Competence Ctr High Temp Corros, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM niklas.israelsson@chalmers.se RI Jonsson, Torbjorn /O-8164-2014 OI Jonsson, Torbjorn /0000-0003-0376-4092 FU Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) - Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The Microscopy Research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The authors would like to thank D.W. Coffey for assistance with TEM sample preparations. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0030-770X EI 1573-4889 J9 OXID MET JI Oxid. Met. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s11085-015-9546-3 PG 23 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CM0BW UT WOS:000357344200008 ER PT J AU Tsuji, Y Vanholme, R Tobimatsu, Y Ishikawa, Y Foster, CE Kamimura, N Hishiyama, S Hashimoto, S Shino, A Hara, H Sato-Izawa, K Oyarce, P Goeminne, G Morreel, K Kikuchi, J Takano, T Fukuda, M Katayama, Y Boerjan, W Ralph, J Masai, E Kajita, S AF Tsuji, Yukiko Vanholme, Ruben Tobimatsu, Yuki Ishikawa, Yasuyuki Foster, Clifton E. Kamimura, Naofumi Hishiyama, Shojiro Hashimoto, Saki Shino, Amiu Hara, Hirofumi Sato-Izawa, Kanna Oyarce, Paula Goeminne, Geert Morreel, Kris Kikuchi, Jun Takano, Toshiyuki Fukuda, Masao Katayama, Yoshihiro Boerjan, Wout Ralph, John Masai, Eiji Kajita, Shinya TI Introduction of chemically labile substructures into Arabidopsis lignin through the use of LigD, the C-dehydrogenase from Sphingobium sp strain SYK-6 SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; C-dehydrogenase; lignin biosynthesis; NMR; Sphingobium sp; SYK-6 ID BETA-ARYL ETHER; CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CELL-WALL; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; TRACHEARY ELEMENTS; DOWN-REGULATION; CARBONYL GROUPS; COA REDUCTASE; PINUS-RADIATA; POPLAR XYLEM AB Bacteria-derived enzymes that can modify specific lignin substructures are potential targets to engineer plants for better biomass processability. The Gram-negative bacterium Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 possesses a C-dehydrogenase (LigD) enzyme that has been shown to oxidize the -hydroxy functionalities in -O-4-linked dimers into -keto analogues that are more chemically labile. Here, we show that recombinant LigD can oxidize an even wider range of -O-4-linked dimers and oligomers, including the genuine dilignols, guaiacylglycerol--coniferyl alcohol ether and syringylglycerol--sinapyl alcohol ether. We explored the possibility of using LigD for biosynthetically engineering lignin by expressing the codon-optimized ligD gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ligD cDNA, with or without a signal peptide for apoplast targeting, has been successfully expressed, and LigD activity could be detected in the extracts of the transgenic plants. UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolite profiling indicated that levels of oxidized guaiacyl (G) -O-4-coupled dilignols and analogues were significantly elevated in the LigD transgenic plants regardless of the signal peptide attachment to LigD. In parallel, 2D NMR analysis revealed a 2.1-to 2.8-fold increased level of G-type -keto--O-4 linkages in cellulolytic enzyme lignins isolated from the stem cell walls of the LigD transgenic plants, indicating that the transformation was capable of altering lignin structure in the desired manner. C1 [Tsuji, Yukiko; Ishikawa, Yasuyuki; Hashimoto, Saki; Sato-Izawa, Kanna; Kajita, Shinya] Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Grad Sch Bioapplicat & Syst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Vanholme, Ruben; Oyarce, Paula; Goeminne, Geert; Morreel, Kris; Boerjan, Wout] Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Bioinformat, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Vanholme, Ruben; Oyarce, Paula; Goeminne, Geert; Morreel, Kris; Boerjan, Wout] VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, Ghent, Belgium. [Tobimatsu, Yuki; Ralph, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Tobimatsu, Yuki; Foster, Clifton E.; Ralph, John] US DOE, Wisconsin Energy Inst, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Foster, Clifton E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kamimura, Naofumi; Fukuda, Masao; Masai, Eiji] Nagaoka Univ Technol, Dept Bioengn, Niigata, Japan. [Hishiyama, Shojiro] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. [Shino, Amiu; Kikuchi, Jun] RIKEN, Ctr Sustainable Resource Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Hara, Hirofumi] Univ Teknol Malaysia, Malaysia Japan Int Inst Technol, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Takano, Toshiyuki] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto, Japan. [Katayama, Yoshihiro] Nihon Univ, Coll Bioresource Sci, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Kajita, S (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Grad Sch Bioapplicat & Syst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. EM kajita@cc.tuat.ac.jp RI Kajita, Shinya/F-9246-2013; Kikuchi, Jun/M-5512-2015 OI Kikuchi, Jun/0000-0002-6809-394X FU Japan Science and Technology Agency (Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program); New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization of Japan (Development of Preparatory Basic Bioenergy Technology); European Commission [270089]; Ghent University for the Synapt Q-Tof [AUGE/014]; Ghent University [01MRB510W]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER) [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (of Chile); Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) FX This work was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program), the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization of Japan (Development of Preparatory Basic Bioenergy Technology), the European Commission's Directorate-General for Research within the 7th Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under the grant agreement NO 270089 (MULTIBIOPRO), the Hercules program of Ghent University for the Synapt Q-Tof (grant no. AUGE/014), the 'Bijzondere Onderzoeksfonds-Zware Apparatuur' of Ghent University for the FT-ICR-MS instrument (174PZA05) and the Multidisciplinary Research Partnership 'Biotechnology for a Sustainable Economy' (01MRB510W) of Ghent University. YT, CEF and JR acknowledge funding from the US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). PO is indebted to the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (of Chile) for a predoctoral fellowship, and RV is indebted to the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) for a postdoctoral fellowship. The authors also thank Takahito Mizukami for his assistance with preparation of LigD substrates. NR 76 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-7644 EI 1467-7652 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 821 EP 832 DI 10.1111/pbi.12316 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA CM3TI UT WOS:000357606800009 PM 25580543 ER PT J AU Liu, J Rice, A McGlew, K Shaw, V Park, H Clemente, T Pollard, M Ohlrogge, J Durrett, TP AF Liu, Jinjie Rice, Adam McGlew, Kathleen Shaw, Vincent Park, Hyunwoo Clemente, Tom Pollard, Mike Ohlrogge, John Durrett, Timothy P. TI Metabolic engineering of oilseed crops to produce high levels of novel acetyl glyceride oils with reduced viscosity, freezing point and calorific value SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 3-acetyl-1; 2-diacyl-sn-glycerols; acetyl-TAGs; Camelina sativa; metabolic engineering; RNAi suppression; transgenic crop ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; CAMELINA-SATIVA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; STEREOSPECIFIC ANALYSIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEED; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; PLASTICIZERS; MIGRATION AB Seed oils have proved recalcitrant to modification for the production of industrially useful lipids. Here, we demonstrate the successful metabolic engineering and subsequent field production of an oilseed crop with the highest accumulation of unusual oil achieved so far in transgenic plants. Previously, expression of the Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) gene in wild-type Arabidopsis seeds resulted in the accumulation of 45mol% of unusual 3-acetyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols (acetyl-TAGs) in the seed oil (Durrett etal., 2010 PNAS 107:9464). Expression of EaDAcT in dgat1 mutants compromised in their ability to synthesize regular triacylglycerols increased acetyl-TAGs to 65mol%. Camelina and soybean transformed with the EaDAcT gene accumulate acetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAGs) at up to 70mol% of seed oil. A similar strategy of coexpression of EaDAcT together with RNAi suppression of DGAT1 increased acetyl-TAG levels to up to 85mol% in field-grown transgenic Camelina. Additionally, total moles of triacylglycerol (TAG) per seed increased 20%. Analysis of the acetyl-TAG fraction revealed a twofold reduction in very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), consistent with their displacement from the sn-3 position by acetate. Seed germination remained high, and seedlings were able to metabolize the stored acetyl-TAGs as rapidly as regular triacylglycerols. Viscosity, freezing point and caloric content of the Camelina acetyl-TAG oils were reduced, enabling use of this oil in several nonfood and food applications. C1 [Liu, Jinjie; Rice, Adam; McGlew, Kathleen; Shaw, Vincent; Pollard, Mike; Ohlrogge, John] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Liu, Jinjie; Rice, Adam; McGlew, Kathleen; Shaw, Vincent; Pollard, Mike; Ohlrogge, John] Michigan State Univ, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Park, Hyunwoo; Clemente, Tom] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. [Durrett, Timothy P.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Durrett, TP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM tdurrett@ksu.edu FU Department of Energy-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; National Science Foundation [EPS-0903806]; State of Kansas through the Kansas Board of Regents FX We thank Ed Cahoon (University of Nebraska-Lincoln) for providing Camelina transformation vectors and transcript sequences of CsDGAT1 and CsPDAT1 homoeologues. We are grateful to Ed Cahoon, Sten Stymne (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) and Henrik Tjellstrom (Michigan State University) for helpful discussions. We thank Rachael Sak (Biosystems Engineering Department, MSU) for guidance in bomb calorimetry and Michael Rich (Composite Materials & Structures Center, MSU) for assistance with DSC. We thank Brian Graff, Todd Martin and Kurt Thelen (Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, MSU) for assistance with field production. We are also grateful to Shahna Campbell (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University) for assistance with Camelina and soybean acTAG quantification. This work was supported in part by Department of Energy-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-07ER64494 and by the National Science Foundation under Award No. EPS-0903806 and matching support from the State of Kansas through the Kansas Board of Regents. This is contribution number 15-123-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-7644 EI 1467-7652 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 13 IS 6 BP 858 EP 865 DI 10.1111/pbi.12325 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA CM3TI UT WOS:000357606800012 PM 25756355 ER PT J AU Krishnan, P Kochendorfer, J Dumas, EJ Guillevic, PC Baker, CB Meyers, TP Martos, B AF Krishnan, Praveena Kochendorfer, John Dumas, Edward J. Guillevic, Pierre C. Baker, C. Bruce Meyers, Tilden P. Martos, Borja TI Comparison of in-situ, aircraft, and satellite land surface temperature measurements over a NOAA Climate Reference Network site SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Land surface temperature; Aircraft; Satellite; MODIS; Validation; USCRN ID RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; RADIOMETER SUITE VIIRS; SKIN TEMPERATURE; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; AIR-TEMPERATURE; OKLAHOMA MESONET; UNITED-STATES; COVER CHANGE; MODIS; VALIDATION AB Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable for studying the energy and water vapor exchange at the biosphere-atmosphere interface. In an effort to better quantify the spatial variability and overall representativeness of single-point LST measurements being recorded at NOAA's Climate Reference Network (CRN) sites and to improve the accuracy of satellite LST measurements, airborne flight campaigns were conducted over a CRN site in Crossville, Tennessee, USA during 2010 to 2011. Multiple measurements of LST were made using infrared temperature sensors at micrometeorological tower sites and onboard an instrumented Piper Navajo airborne research aircraft. In addition to this, coincident LST products from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments (Collection 5), onboard NASA Terra and Aqua Earth Observing System satellites were used. In this paper the comparison of LST measurements made from multiple platforms are presented. Our study showed that the temporal and spatial variability of surface temperature as indicated by the standard deviation of the brightness temperature (T-b) during the flight periods were <1.7 degrees C. Aircraft and tower-based T-b during the flight periods agreed well with a root mean square error (RMSE) of <1.3 degrees C. The daytime MODIS LST was lower than the tower and aircraft-based LST, but higher than the daytime near surface air temperature (T-a). MODIS LST showed a positive and lower bias with the nighttime tower-based LST, but with slightly higher RMSE than the daytime dataset The MODIS LST showed better correlation with the tower-based LST than T-a during clear sky conditions due to the complex relationship between air and surface temperature. Including both day and nighttime data the MODIS LST showed a bias of -056 degrees C, RMSE of 2.84 degrees C, and standard deviations of the difference of 2.79 degrees C when compared to the mean tower-based LST at the site. Tower-based 11 explained 98% of the variance in LST during nighttime conditions with a bias of similar to 0.8 degrees C and RMSE of 0.86 degrees C. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Krishnan, Praveena; Kochendorfer, John; Dumas, Edward J.; Baker, C. Bruce; Meyers, Tilden P.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Krishnan, Praveena; Dumas, Edward J.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Guillevic, Pierre C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Martos, Borja] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. RP Krishnan, P (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, 456 South Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM praveena.krishnan@noaa.gov RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; Dumas, Edward/C-6669-2016; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Dumas, Edward/0000-0002-9154-9052; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate Reference Network program administered at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center FX This research was partially funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) U.S. Climate Reference Network program administered at NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (see www.ncdc.noaa.gov/crn/). The MODIS data used in this study are distributed by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LPDAAC), located at USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD, http://lpdaac.usgs.gov. We thank Stephen Corda and John Muratore for their support during the experimental flight campaigns. NR 89 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 165 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.011 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CM2XK UT WOS:000357545400019 ER PT J AU Gomes, AM Bhat, R Correia, AL Mott, JD Ilan, N Vlodavsky, I Pavao, MSG Bissell, M AF Gomes, Angelica Maciel Bhat, Ramray Correia, Ana Luisa Mott, Joni D. Ilan, Neta Vlodavsky, Israel Pavao, Mauro S. G. Bissell, Mina TI Mammary Branching Morphogenesis Requires Reciprocal Signaling by Heparanase and MMP-14 SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; HEPARANASE; MAMMARY GLAND; MMP-14 ID MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; MAMMALIAN HEPARANASE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTORS; EXPRESSION; SULFATE; MIGRATION; CANCER; METASTASIS AB The development of the mammary gland involves formation of a branched arboreal structure resulting from the penetration and proliferation of epithelial cells into the fat pad. The mammary cells invade by remodeling their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), which are rich in proteins, and glycans such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). There is increasing literature on how the interaction between signaling by ECM and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is relevant to morphogenetic and physiological contexts. Here we sought to understand how heparanase, the sole mammalian heparan sulfate-degrading endoglycosidase may regulate mammary gland development. We found a robust localization of heparanase within growing end buds during branching in vivo. Using three-dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures, we showed that heparanase expression and activity are required for mammary epithelial invasion/branching within dense collagen I gels. Morphometric analysis of glands from both heparanase-overexpressing and knockout mice showed a direct correlation between degree of branching and the heparanase levels, confirming our 3D organotypic culture observations. Finally, we uncovered a reciprocal association between levels of heparanase and MMP14, a membrane-bound MMP, shedding further light on how branching occurs within developing mammary glands. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1668-1679, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Gomes, Angelica Maciel; Bhat, Ramray; Correia, Ana Luisa; Mott, Joni D.; Bissell, Mina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gomes, Angelica Maciel; Pavao, Mauro S. G.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Bioquim Med, Programa Glicobiol, BR-21941913 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gomes, Angelica Maciel; Pavao, Mauro S. G.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Hosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho, BR-21941913 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Vlodavsky, Israel] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Rappaport Fac Med, Canc & Vasc Biol Res Ctr, IL-31096 Haifa, Israel. RP Bissell, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mpavao@hucff.ufrj.br; mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Correia, Ana Luisa/E-9738-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Cancer Institute [R37CA064786]; U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH0810736, BC113176]; Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation [KG111229] FX Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Grant number: DE-AC02-05CH11231; Grant sponsor: National Cancer Institute; Grant number: R37CA064786; Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Defense; Grant numbers: W81XWH0810736, BC113176; Grant sponsor: Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Grant sponsor: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Grant sponsor: Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation; Grant number: KG111229. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-2312 EI 1097-4644 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1668 EP 1679 DI 10.1002/jcb.25127 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA CK8YI UT WOS:000356525800019 PM 25735873 ER PT J AU Cimaroli, A Paquin, B Paduel, N Moutinho, H Al-Jassim, MM Yan, YF AF Cimaroli, Alex Paquin, Brooke Paduel, Naba Moutinho, Helio Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. Yan, Yanfa TI Texture Manipulation and Its Impact on Electrical Properties of Zinc Phosphide Thin Films SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Zn3P2; close-space submission; texture; preferred orientation ID SOLAR-CELLS; AL AB Both randomly oriented and highly (220) textured thin films of zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) were grown by the close-space sublimation method. The effect of deposition parameters, such as pressure and substrate temperature, on the texture evolution has been established. It was found that the deposition temperature plays a dominant role in determining the preferred orientation whereas the ambient pressure (below 10 Torr) does not greatly affect the film texture. We further found that the microstrain changes from tensile at lower deposition temperatures to compressive at higher deposition temperatures. The preferred orientation also had a strong impact on the electrical resistivity of the films. The results provide guidance on the selection of substrate and deposition parameters to grow Zn3P2 thin films with desirable properties. C1 [Cimaroli, Alex; Paquin, Brooke; Paduel, Naba; Yan, Yanfa] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Cimaroli, Alex; Paquin, Brooke; Paduel, Naba; Yan, Yanfa] Univ Toledo, Wright Ctr Photovolta Innovat & Commercializat, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Moutinho, Helio; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Yan, YF (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM yanfa.yan@utoledo.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1230246]; Ohio Research Scholar Program (ORSP); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Contract No. CHE-1230246 and the Ohio Research Scholar Program (ORSP). Work at NREL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 EI 1543-186X J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2566 EP 2573 DI 10.1007/s11664-015-3699-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA CL5YL UT WOS:000357041400003 ER PT J AU Liu, M Wu, JB Zhu, XD He, HL Jia, WX Xiang, WN AF Liu, Min Wu, Jiabing Zhu, Xudong He, Honglin Jia, Wenxiao Xiang, Weining TI Evolution and variation of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over terrestrial ecosystems as derived from eddy covariance measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE CO2 concentration; Terrestrial ecosystem; Carbon flux; Eddy covariance technique ID URBAN CO2 DOME; NET CARBON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; INVERSE MODEL; 400 PPM; EXCHANGE; CYCLE; TRENDS AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas contributing to global climate change. Understanding the temporal and spatial variations of CO2 concentration over terrestrial ecosystems provides additional insight into global atmospheric variability of CO2 concentration. Using 355 site-years of CO2 concentration observations at 104 eddy-covariance flux tower sites in Northern Hemisphere, we presented a comprehensive analysis of evolution and variation of atmospheric CO2 concentration over terrestrial ecosystem (ACTE) for the period of 1997-2006. Our results showed that ACE exhibited a strong seasonal variations, with an average seaonsal amplitude (peak-trough difference) of 14.8 ppm, which was approximately threefold that global mean CO2 observed in Mauna Loa in the United States (MLO). The seasonal variation of CO2 were mostly dominant by terrestrial carbon fluxes, i.e., net ecosystem procution (NEP) and gross primary produciton (GPP), with correlation coefficient(r) were -0.55 and -0.60 for NEP and GPP, respectively. However, the influence of carbon fluxes on CO2 were not significant at interannual scale, which implyed that the inter-annual changing trends of atmospheric CO2 in Northern Hemisphere were likely to depend more on anthropogenic CO2 emissions sources than on ecosystem change. It was estimated, by fitting a harmonic model to monthly-mean ACTE, that both annual mean and seasonal amplitude of ACTE increased over the 10-year period at rates of -0.55 and -0.60 ppm yr(-1), respectively. The uptrend of annual ACTE could be attributed to the dramatic global increase of CO2 emissions during the study period, whereas the increasing amplitude could be related to the increases in Northern Hemisphere biospheric activity. This study also found that the annual CO2 concentration showed large variation among ecosystems, with the high value appeared in deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen broadleaf forest and cropland. We attribute these discrepancies to both differential local anthropogenic impacts and carbon sequestration abilities across ecosystem types. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Min; Jia, Wenxiao; Xiang, Weining] E China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. [Wu, Jiabing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Appl Ecol, State Key Lab Forest & Soil Ecol, Shenyang 110076, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Xudong] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zhu, Xudong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [He, Honglin] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Ecosyst Network Observat & Modeling, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Liu, M (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Sci, Shanghai Key Lab Urban Ecol Proc & Ecorestorat, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. EM mliu@re.ecnu.edu.cn FU National Science Foundation of China [41201092, 41471076]; U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; CarboEuropeIP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; Universite Laval and Environment Canada; US Department of Energy FX We are very grateful for two anonymous reviewers in providing valuable and helpful suggestions for this paper. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (41201092, 41471076). We thank all the data provider. This work used eddy covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (U.S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program (DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911)), AfriFlux, Asia Flux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, Carboltaly, Carbo-Mont, China Flux, Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan), Green Grass, KoFlux, LBA, NECC, OzFlux, TCOS-Siberia, USCCC. We acknowledge the financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Universite Laval and Environment Canada and US Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, University of Virginia. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 51 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 114 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL5HS UT WOS:000356991000009 ER PT J AU Jozefik, Z Kerstein, AR Schmidt, H Lyra, S Kolla, H Chen, JH AF Jozefik, Zoltan Kerstein, Alan R. Schmidt, Heiko Lyra, Sgouria Kolla, Hemanth Chen, Jackie H. TI One-dimensional turbulence modeling of a turbulent counterflow flame with comparison to DNS SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Counterflow; Turbulent flame; One-dimensional-turbulence model; Numerical simulations ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; PREMIXED FLAMES; JET FLAMES; SIMULATION; COMBUSTION; FORMULATION; EXTINCTION; REIGNITION; CLOSURE; FLOWS AB The one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model is applied to a reactant-to-product counterflow configuration and results are compared with DNS data. The model employed herein solves conservation equations for momentum, energy, and species on a one dimensional (1D) domain corresponding to the line spanning the domain between nozzle orifice centers. The effects of turbulent mixing are modeled via a stochastic process, while the Kolmogorov and reactive length and time scales are explicitly resolved and a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism is used. Comparisons between model and DNS results for spatial mean and root-mean-square (RMS) velocity, temperature, and major and minor species profiles are shown. The ODT approach shows qualitatively and quantitatively reasonable agreement with the DNS data. Scatter plots and statistics conditioned on temperature are also compared for heat release rate and all species. ODT is able to capture the range of results depicted by DNS. However, conditional statistics show signs of underignition. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jozefik, Zoltan; Schmidt, Heiko] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus Senftenberg, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany. [Lyra, Sgouria; Kolla, Hemanth; Chen, Jackie H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Jozefik, Z (reprint author), Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus Senftenberg, Siemens Halske Ring 14, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany. EM jozefik@tu-cottbus.de RI Schmidt, Heiko/J-6835-2016 OI Schmidt, Heiko/0000-0002-6475-6646 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work at Sandia National Laboratories was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2015 VL 162 IS 8 BP 2999 EP 3015 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.010 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CL5KV UT WOS:000356999700003 ER PT J AU Popp, S Hunger, F Hartl, S Messig, D Coriton, B Frank, JH Fuest, F Hasse, C AF Popp, Sebastian Hunger, Franziska Hartl, Sandra Messig, Danny Coriton, Bruno Frank, Jonathan H. Fuest, Frederik Hasse, Christian TI LES flamelet-progress variable modeling and measurements of a turbulent partially-premixed dimethyl ether jet flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE LES-FPV; DME; Effective Rayleigh cross-section; CH2O-LIF; OH-LIF ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CONDITIONAL MOMENT CLOSURE; METHANE/AIR FLAMES; GENERATED MANIFOLDS; DIFFUSION FLAMES; LOCAL EXTINCTION; PDF CALCULATIONS; SCALAR STRUCTURE; COMBUSTION; DISSIPATION AB In the present study the flame structure of a piloted partially-premixed dimethyl ether flame (DME-D), which is based on the Sydney/Sandia piloted jet burner flame series, is investigated using an LES-flamelet-progress variable approach (LES-FPV). Simulation results are used together with a comprehensive experimental data set including multi-scalar measurements of temperature and major species from Raman/Rayleigh scattering, intermediate species CH2O and OH from laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and velocity data from particle image velocimetry (Ply). The comparison between numerical and experimental data includes the mean and the root mean square (RMS) radial profiles for velocity, mixture fraction, temperature and mole fractions of major species at different downstream locations. Furthermore, species distributions conditioned on the experimentally accessible mixture fraction are compared and differences between DME and methane flames are discussed. In addition to this comparison, the computation of CH2O-LIF and OH-LIF signals as well as the effective Rayleigh cross-section was incorporated into the flamelet-progress variable approach. The filtered and time-averaged numerical results are then directly compared with the corresponding experimental signals at different axial positions. The characteristic separation of instantaneous CH2O and OH fields, which was previously observed in simultaneous LIF measurements, is discussed and analyzed based on the underlying flamelet structures. Finally, modeling assumptions from the experimental post-processing for the effective Rayleigh cross-section, which were introduced to account for the experimentally inaccessible intermediate hydrocarbons, are evaluated using the detailed species composition from the numerical simulations. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Popp, Sebastian; Hunger, Franziska; Hartl, Sandra; Messig, Danny; Hasse, Christian] Tech Univ Bergakad Freiberg, Chair Numer Thermofluid Dynam, ZIK Virtuhcon, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany. [Coriton, Bruno; Frank, Jonathan H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. [Fuest, Frederik] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Popp, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Bergakad Freiberg, Chair Numer Thermofluid Dynam, Fuchsmuhlenweg 9, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany. EM sebastian.popp@iec.tu-freiberg.de RI Hasse, Christian/A-3587-2011 OI Hasse, Christian/0000-0001-9333-0911 FU Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of Germany [03ET7026B]; Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany [03Z2FN11]; Saxon Ministry of Science and Fine Arts; European Union [100097882]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX S. Popp, D. Messig, S. Hartl, F. Hunger and C. Hasse gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology of Germany (Project Number 03ET7026B), by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in the framework of Virtuhcon (Project Number 03Z2FN11) and by the Saxon Ministry of Science and Fine Arts and the European Union in the project BioRedKat (Project No. 100097882). Experiments performed at Sandia were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. The authors would like to thank Oliver Stein and Andreas Kronenburg for many fruitful discussions. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2015 VL 162 IS 8 BP 3016 EP 3029 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.004 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CL5KV UT WOS:000356999700004 ER PT J AU Grogan, KP Goldsborough, SS Ihme, M AF Grogan, Kevin P. Goldsborough, S. Scott Ihme, Matthias TI Ignition regimes in rapid compression machines SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Rapid compression machine; Regime diagram; Ignition; Heat transfer; Turbulence ID LOW-TEMPERATURE IGNITION; REFLECTED SHOCK-WAVES; HIGH-PRESSURE; SELF-IGNITION; FLOW REACTORS; AIR MIXTURE; PROPAGATION; COMBUSTION; ISOOCTANE; INHOMOGENEITIES AB A rapid compression machine is an experimental apparatus used to study ignition chemistry at conditions that are relevant to internal combustion engines and gas turbines. However, due to the operating characteristics of these devices, heat transfer effects and inhomogeneous ignition events can be encountered. Hence, this paper develops a combustion regime diagram, which incorporates these effects in order to better understand these physical influences on the measurements. This diagram employs familiar Damkohler number and Reynolds number scaling, and seeks to provide an operational guide for rapid compression machine experiments. This diagram is compared to experimental data and good agreement is found. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Grogan, Kevin P.; Ihme, Matthias] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Goldsborough, S. Scott] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grogan, KP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kgrogan@stanford.edu; scott.goldsborough@anl.gov; mihme@stanford.edu FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-14-1-0219]; US DOE Vehicle Technologies Program; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge financial support through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award No. FA9550-14-1-0219 with Dr. Chiping Li as program manager. Additionally, the authors acknowledge support through the US DOE Vehicle Technologies Program with Gurpreet Singh and Leo Breton as program managers. Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up non-exclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. An early version of this regime diagram was presented at the Second International RCM Workshop in Berkeley [39]. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 EI 1556-2921 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2015 VL 162 IS 8 BP 3071 EP 3080 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.03.020 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CL5KV UT WOS:000356999700008 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Bei, H Wang, YL Lu, ZP George, EP Gao, YF AF Wu, Y. Bei, H. Wang, Y. L. Lu, Z. P. George, E. P. Gao, Y. F. TI Deformation-induced spatiotemporal fluctuation, evolution and localization of strain fields in a bulk metallic glass SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Digital image correlation (DIC); Strain heterogeneity; Bulk metallic glass; Inhomogeneous deformation ID SHEAR BANDS; FRACTURE MECHANISMS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FLOW; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; PLASTICITY; MOTION AB Deformation behavior and local strain evolutions upon loading and unloading of a bulk metallic glass (BMG) were systematically investigated by in situ digital image correlation (DIC). Distinct fluctuations and irreversible local strains were observed before the onset of macroscopic yielding. Statistical analysis shows that these fluctuations might be related to intrinsic structural heterogeneities, and that the evolution history and characteristics of local strain fields play an important role in the subsequent initiation of shear bands. Effects of sample size, pre-strain, and loading conditions were systematically analyzed in terms of the probability distributions of the resulting local strain fields. It is found that a higher degree of local shear strain heterogeneity corresponds to a more ductile stress strain curve. Implications of these findings are discussed for the design of new materials. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Y.; Bei, H.; Wang, Y. L.; George, E. P.; Gao, Y. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Y.; Lu, Z. P.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Being 100083, Peoples R China. [Wu, Y.; George, E. P.; Gao, Y. F.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bei, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beih@ornl.gov; ygao7@utk.edu RI Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 16 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 71 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2015.05.006 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA CL5FD UT WOS:000356984300007 ER PT J AU Hakim, SH Sener, C Alba-Rubio, AC Gostanian, TM O'Neill, BJ Ribeiro, FH Miller, JT Dumesic, JA AF Hakim, Sikander H. Sener, Canan Alba-Rubio, Ana C. Gostanian, Thomas M. O'Neill, Brandon J. Ribeiro, Fabio H. Miller, Jeffrey T. Dumesic, James A. TI Synthesis of supported bimetallic nanoparticles with controlled size and composition distributions for active site elucidation SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bimetallic nanoparticles; Bifunctional catalyst; Rhodium; Platinum; Molybdenum; Rhenium; Ether hydrogenolysis; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; STEM/EDS ID GLYCEROL HYDROGENOLYSIS; REDOX REACTIONS; CATALYSTS; DEPOSITION; ACID; PROMOTERS; CHEMICALS; NANOCUBES; RHENIUM; BIOMASS AB Elucidation of active sites in supported bimetallic catalysts is complicated by the high level of dispersity in the nanoparticle size and composition that is inherent in conventional methods of catalyst preparation. We present a synthesis strategy that leads to highly dispersed, bimetallic nanoparticles with uniform particle size and composition by means of controlled surface reactions. We demonstrate the synthesis of three systems, RhMo, PtMo, and RhRe, consisting of a highly reducible metal with an oxophilic promoter. These catalysts are characterized by FTIR, CO chemisorption, STEM/EDS, TPR, and XAS analysis. The catalytic properties of these bimetallic nanoparticles were probed for the selective CO hydrogenolysis of (hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran to produce 1,6 hexanediol. Based on the characterization results and reactivity trends, the active sites in the hydrogenolysis reaction are identified to be small ensembles of the more noble metal (Rh, Pt) adjacent to highly reduced moieties of the more oxophilic metal (Mo, Re). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hakim, Sikander H.; Sener, Canan; Alba-Rubio, Ana C.; Gostanian, Thomas M.; O'Neill, Brandon J.; Dumesic, James A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ribeiro, Fabio H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miller, Jeffrey T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dumesic, JA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 1415 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dumesic@engr.wisc.edu RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; BM, MRCAT/G-7576-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-84ER13183]; XAS, Institute for Atom-efficient Chemical Transformations (IACT), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; University of Wisconsin Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [DMR-1121288] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-84ER13183). In addition, XAS was funded as part of the Institute for Atom-efficient Chemical Transformations (IACT), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We are thankful for the use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors acknowledge use of facilities and instrumentation supported by the University of Wisconsin Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (DMR-1121288). Authors thank James Gallagher, Fred Sollberger, and Mrunmayi Kumbhalkar for their help in obtaining XAS data. Authors also thank Tom Schwartz for his help with instrumentation throughout the study, and Luis Martinez and Katherine Gerdes for their help with experiments. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 133 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 328 SI SI BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.015 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CL2BJ UT WOS:000356748300012 ER PT J AU Gross, E Somorjai, GA AF Gross, Elad Somorjai, Gabor A. TI Molecular catalysis science: Nanoparticle synthesis and instrument development for studies under reaction conditions SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Heterogeneous catalysis; In situ spectroscopy; SFG vibrational spectroscopy; X-ray spectroscopy; IR spectroscopy ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYTICALLY ACTIVE GOLD; IN-SITU; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; PYRROLE HYDROGENATION; LEWIS ACIDITY AB The synthesis of architecturally designed catalytic nanostructures and their in situ characterization under reaction conditions enable the development of catalysts with improved stability, reactivity, and product selectivity. Throughout this review paper, we will explore three recent reports that demonstrate the invaluable synergetic impact of combining synthesis, catalysis, and in situ spectroscopy for catalysts development. In the first example, product selectivity in 1,3 butadiene hydrogenation reaction was tuned by employing size-selected Pt nanoparticles as catalysts. SFG vibrational spectroscopy measurements uncovered the mechanism that induced the size-dependent selectivity. The important role of metal/metal-oxide interface during CO oxidation reaction is demonstrated in the second part of this review paper. In situ synchrotron-sourced X-ray spectroscopy correlated between the oxidation state of the metal-oxide support and its impact on the catalytic reactivity of supported Pt nanoparticles. In the third example, dendrimer-encapsulated Au nanoparticles were used as catalyst for cascade reactions, which were previously catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts. Reactants into product evolution and the oxidation state of catalytically active Au nanoparticles within the flow reactor were mapped with micrometer-sized IR and X-ray beams. These three examples demonstrate the important role of colloidal synthesis and in situ spectroscopy measurements for in-depth analysis of structure reactivity correlations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Somorjai, Gabor A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM somorjai@berkeley.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geological and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geological and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy and IR microspectroscopy studies were performed at the Advanced Light Source, a DOE User facility of the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 20 U2 101 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 328 SI SI BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.031 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CL2BJ UT WOS:000356748300013 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR Werner, S Bustillo, KC Ercius, P Kisielowski, C Bell, AT AF Johnson, Gregory R. Werner, Sebastian Bustillo, Karen C. Ercius, Peter Kisielowski, Christian Bell, Alexis T. TI Investigations of element spatial correlation in Mn-promoted Co-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS); Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM); Elemental mapping; Image analysis; Heterogeneous catalysis; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis ID COBALT CATALYSTS; MANGANESE OXIDE; SILICA; NANOPARTICLES; METALS; IMAGES AB Making connections between performance and structure in bimetallic catalysts requires knowledge of how the two elements are spatially associated. Elemental maps obtained by analytical TEM methods are an invaluable tool for identifying the location of different elements, but for many samples, visual inspection of elemental maps is insufficient for assessing the degree of element spatial correlation. This is particularly true for beam-sensitive materials where short mapping acquisition times lead to images with high noise and low color depth. In these situations, statistical analysis of elemental maps can be used to identify spatial correlations among the elements in a sample. In this work, the relationship between catalyst performance and bimetallic spatial association was explored using Mn-promoted Co-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts prepared by different pretreatment methods. Mn was used as a catalyst additive to suppress methane formation. Catalysts that underwent calcination before reduction produced more methane and fewer long-chain hydrocarbons than catalysts that were directly reduced. The extent to which Co and Mn were spatially associated was assessed using correlation metrics, colocation plots, and histograms generated using data from STEM-EDS maps. Although both catalysts yielded visually similar elemental maps, the results of statistical analysis suggested that the calcined catalyst exhibited greater spatial segregation between the Co and Mn. These findings support the hypothesis that having Mn in close proximity to the Co is essential for the manifestation of Mn promotion effects in Co-based FTS catalysts. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Gregory R.; Werner, Sebastian; Bell, Alexis T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bustillo, Karen C.; Ercius, Peter; Kisielowski, Christian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bell@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 FU BP through the XC2 program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Funding for this work was provided by BP through the XC2 program. Microscopy experiments were performed at the UC Berkeley Electron Microscopy Lab and the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Dr. Jim Ciston and Dr. Cheng-Yu Song. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 75 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 328 SI SI BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.12.011 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CL2BJ UT WOS:000356748300015 ER PT J AU Johns, TR Goeke, RS Ashbacher, V Thune, PC Niemantsverdriet, JW Kiefer, B Kim, CH Balogh, MP Datye, AK AF Johns, Tyne R. Goeke, Ronald S. Ashbacher, Valerie Thune, Peter C. Niemantsverdriet, J. W. Kiefer, Boris Kim, Chang H. Balogh, Michael P. Datye, Abhaya K. TI Relating adatom emission to improved durability of Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalysts SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Adatom emission; Ostwald ripening; Catalyst sintering; Pt-Pd; Diesel oxidation; Exhaust treatment ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; NO OXIDATION; IRON-OXIDE; NANOPARTICLES; STABILITY; SURFACES; METALS; DEACTIVATION; ENERGY AB Sintering of nanoparticles is an important contributor to loss of activity in heterogeneous catalysts, such as those used for controlling harmful emissions from automobiles. But mechanistic details, such as the rates of atom emission or the nature of the mobile species, remain poorly understood. Herein we report a novel approach that allows direct measurement of atom emission from nanoparticles. We use model catalyst samples and a novel reactor that allows the same region of the sample to be observed after short-term heat treatments (seconds) under conditions relevant to diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs). Monometallic Pd is very stable and does not sinter when heated in air (T <= 800 degrees C). Pt sinters readily in air, and at high temperatures (>= 800 degrees C) mobile Pt species emitted to the vapor phase cause the formation of large, faceted particles. In Pt Pd nanoparticles, Pd slows the rate of emission of atoms to the vapor phase due to the formation of an alloy. However, the role of Pd in Pt DOCs in air is quite complex: at low temperatures, Pt enhances the rate of Pd sintering (which otherwise would be stable as an oxide), while at higher temperature Pd helps to slow the rate of Pt sintering. DFT calculations show that the barrier for atom emission to the vapor phase is much greater than the barrier for emitting atoms to the support. Hence, vapor-phase transport becomes significant only at high temperatures while diffusion of adatoms on the support dominates at lower temperatures. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Johns, Tyne R.; Ashbacher, Valerie; Datye, Abhaya K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Goeke, Ronald S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Thune, Peter C.; Niemantsverdriet, J. W.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Kiefer, Boris] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Kim, Chang H.; Balogh, Michael P.] Gen Motors Global R&D, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Datye, AK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM datye@unm.edu OI Niemantsverdriet, Hans/0000-0002-0743-0850 FU NSF GOALI CBET [1067803, 1438765]; NSF IGERT [DGE-0504276]; NSF PIRE [OISE-0730277]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; National Science Foundation [DMR TG-110093] FX This research was performed using the following funding sources: NSF GOALI CBET-1067803 and 1438765, NSF IGERT DGE-0504276, and NSF PIRE OISE-0730277. The authors would like to thank Sandia National Laboratories for the use of the 10 kV Temescal electron beam evaporator. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. BK would like to acknowledge XSEDE computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation under grant DMR TG-110093. We thank Andrew de la Riva for help with the TEM studies and Nalin Fernando for help with the computational work. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 55 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 328 SI SI BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2015.03.016 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA CL2BJ UT WOS:000356748300019 ER PT J AU Knipe, K Manero, AC Sofronsky, S Okasinski, J Almer, J Wischek, J Meid, C Karlsson, A Bartsch, M Raghavan, S AF Knipe, Kevin Manero, Albert C., II Sofronsky, Stephen Okasinski, John Almer, Jonathan Wischek, Janine Meid, Carla Karlsson, Anette Bartsch, Marion Raghavan, Seetha TI Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Measurements Mapping Internal Strains of Thermal Barrier Coatings During Thermal Gradient Mechanical Fatigue Loading SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID PVD TBC AB An understanding of the high temperature mechanics experienced in thermal barrier coatings (TBC) during cycling conditions would be highly beneficial to extending the lifespan of the coatings. This study will present results obtained using synchrotron X-rays to measure depth resolved strains in the various layers of TBCs under thermal mechanical loading and a superposed thermal gradient. Tubular specimens, coated with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and an aluminum containing nickel alloy as a bond coat both through electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), were subjected to external heating and controlled internal cooling generating a thermal gradient across the specimen's wall. Temperatures at the external surface were in excess of 1000 degrees C. Throughout high temperature testing, 2D high-resolution XRD strain measurements are taken at various locations through the entire depth of the coating layers. Across the YSZ, a strain gradient was observed showing higher compressive strain at the interface to the bond coat than toward the surface. This behavior can be attributed to the specific microstructure of the EB-PVD-coating, which reveals higher porosity at the outer surface than at the interface to the bond coat, resulting in a lower in plane modulus near the surface. This location at the interface displays the most significant variation due to applied load at room temperature with this effect diminishing at elevated uniform temperatures. During thermal cycling with a thermal gradient and mechanical loading, the bond coat strain moves from a highly tensile state at room temperature to an initially compressive state at high temperature before relaxing to zero during the high temperature hold. The results of these experiments give insight into previously unseen material behavior at high temperature, which can be used to develop an increased understanding of various failure modes and their causes. C1 [Knipe, Kevin; Manero, Albert C., II; Sofronsky, Stephen; Raghavan, Seetha] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Okasinski, John; Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wischek, Janine] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Mat Res, Mech Testing Mat Grp, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Meid, Carla] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Mat Res, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. [Karlsson, Anette] Cleveland Stand Univ, Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. [Bartsch, Marion] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Inst Mat Res, Expt & Numer Methods, D-51147 Cologne, Germany. RP Knipe, K (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RI Bartsch, Marion/B-9501-2012 OI Bartsch, Marion/0000-0002-3952-2928 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 23 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 EI 1528-8919 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2015 VL 137 IS 8 AR 082506 DI 10.1115/1.4029480 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA CL0FX UT WOS:000356617100013 ER PT J AU Glatzmaier, GC Gomez, JC AF Glatzmaier, Greg C. Gomez, Judith C. TI Determining the Cost Benefit of High-Temperature Coatings for Concentrating Solar Power Thermal Storage Using Probabilistic Cost Analysis SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID HOT-CORROSION; BEHAVIOR; FE; OXIDATION; CHLORIDES; CONTACT; ALUMINA; ALLOY; SALT; NI AB Probabilistic cost analysis determined the cost benefit for applying a protective coating to the wetted surfaces of stainless steel tank walls for concentrating solar power (CSP) thermal storage applications. The model estimated the total material cost of coated 347 or 310 stainless steel (347/310) and the cost of uncoated Inconel 625, which served as the reference tank wall cost. Model results showed that the cost of the coated 347/310 stainless steel was always statistically less than the cost of the bare Inconel 625 when these materials are used for tank walls at representative tank diameters and temperatures for CSP storage applications. C1 [Glatzmaier, Greg C.; Gomez, Judith C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Glatzmaier, GC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM greg.glatzmaier@nrel.gov; judith.gomez@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technologies Office, SunShot Initiative FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. For funding support, the authors thank the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technologies Office, SunShot Initiative. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 EI 1528-8986 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 2015 VL 137 IS 4 AR 041006 DI 10.1115/1.4029862 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CL4ZF UT WOS:000356966700006 ER PT J AU Kalay, I Kramer, MJ Napolitano, RE AF Kalay, Ilkay Kramer, Matthew J. Napolitano, Ralph E. TI Crystallization Kinetics and Phase Transformation Mechanisms in Cu56Zr44 Glassy Alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORMING ABILITY; METALLIC GLASSES; SYSTEM; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; CU70ZR30 AB The kinetics and phase selection mechanisms involved in the crystallization of an amorphous Cu-Zr alloy of eutectic composition (Cu56Zr44) were investigated using in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under isothermal and constant heating rate conditions. In situ HEXRD results for 10 K/min (10 A degrees C/min) heating indicate that the amorphous alloy devitrifies into CuZr2 and mainly Cu10Zr7 at the crystallization temperature of 725 K (452 A degrees C). The sequence continues with the precipitation of CuZr (B2) at 1004 K (731 A degrees C), where these three phases coexist until the decomposition of CuZr2 is observed at 1030 K (757 A degrees C). The two equilibrium phases Cu10Zr7 and CuZr (B2) remain present on further heating until melting at the eutectic temperature for the Cu56Zr44 alloy. TEM investigation of the isothermal [705 K (432 A degrees C)] crystallization sequence reveals primary nucleation and growth of the Cu10Zr7 phase, where growth of the Cu10Zr7 crystals is initially planar with a transition to a cellular morphology, associated with partitioning of Zr at the growth front. Related cellular structures and composition profiles are quantified. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2015 C1 [Kalay, Ilkay] Cankaya Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, TR-06790 Ankara, Turkey. [Kramer, Matthew J.; Napolitano, Ralph E.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kramer, Matthew J.; Napolitano, Ralph E.] US DOE, Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kalay, I (reprint author), Cankaya Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, TR-06790 Ankara, Turkey. EM ikalay@cankaya.edu.tr FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; MUCAT sector of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. The research was performed at the Ames Laboratory, which is operated for the U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. The high-energy X-ray experiments were performed at the MUCAT sector of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, under Grant No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46A IS 8 BP 3356 EP 3364 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-2921-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CL1TQ UT WOS:000356728100007 ER PT J AU Hu, B Trotter, G Baker, I Miller, MK Yao, L Chen, S Cai, Z AF Hu, B. Trotter, G. Baker, Ian Miller, M. K. Yao, L. Chen, S. Cai, Z. TI The Effects of Cold Work on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallic Strengthened Alumina-Forming Austenitic Stainless Steels SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COAL POWER-PLANTS; CREEP-RESISTANT; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; PRECIPITATION; ADDITIONS; PHASE AB In order to achieve energy conversion efficiencies of > 50 pct for steam turbines/boilers in power generation systems, materials are required that are both strong and corrosion-resistant at > 973 K (700 A degrees C), and economically viable. Austenitic steels strengthened with Laves phase, NiAl and Ni3Al precipitates, and alloyed with aluminum to improve oxidation resistance, are potential candidate materials for these applications. The microstructure and microchemistry of recently developed alumina-forming austenitic stainless steels have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Different thermo-mechanical treatments were performed on these steels to improve their mechanical performance. These reduced the grain size significantly to the nanoscale (similar to 100 nm) and the room temperature yield strength to above 1000 MPa. A solutionizing anneal at 1473 K (1200 A degrees C) was found to be effective for uniformly redistributing the Laves phase precipitates that form upon casting. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2015 C1 [Hu, B.; Trotter, G.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Baker, Ian] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Miller, M. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yao, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, S.; Cai, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baker, I (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM ian.baker@dartmouth.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy under NETL [DEFG2612FE0 008857]; ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) by Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under NETL Award DEFG2612FE0 008857. MKM, LY, and atom probe tomography research was conducted through a user project supported by ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Yukinori Yamamoto and Dr. Michael P. Brady of ORNL both for providing the AFA stainless steels and for insightful advice. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 46A IS 8 BP 3773 EP 3785 DI 10.1007/s11661-015-2981-6 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CL1TQ UT WOS:000356728100045 ER PT J AU Nelson, JR Grubesic, TH Sim, L Rose, K Graham, J AF Nelson, J. R. Grubesic, T. H. Sim, L. Rose, K. Graham, J. TI Approach for assessing coastal vulnerability to oil spills for prevention and readiness using GIS and the Blowout and Spill Occurrence Model SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Oil spill; Simulation; Spatial analysis; Response; Coastal vulnerability; GIS ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; IMPACTS; METHODOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; POLLUTION; SUPPORT; CLIMATE; HAZARD; ZONES AB Increasing interest in offshore hydrocarbon exploration has pushed the operational fronts associated with exploration efforts further offshore into deeper waters and more uncertain subsurface settings. This has become particularly common in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. In this study we develop a spatial vulnerability approach and example assessment to support future spill prevention and improve future response readiness. This effort, which is part of a larger integrated assessment modeling spill prevention effort, incorporated economic and environmental data, and utilized a novel new oil spill simulation model from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory, the Blowout and Spill Occurrence Model (BLOSOM). Specifically, this study demonstrated a novel approach to evaluate potential impacts of hypothetical spill simulations at varying depths and locations in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The simulations are analyzed to assess spatial and temporal trends associated with the oil spill. The approach itself demonstrates how these data, tools and techniques can be used to evaluate potential spatial vulnerability of Gulf communities for various spill scenarios. Results of the hypothetical scenarios evaluated in this study suggest that under conditions like those simulated, a strong westward push by ocean currents and tides may increase the impacts of deep water spills along the Texas coastline, amplifying the vulnerability of communities on the local barrier islands. Ultimately, this approach can be used further to assess a range of conditions and scenarios to better understand potential risks and improve informed decision making for operators, responders, and a of stakeholders to support spill prevention as well as response readiness. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nelson, J. R.; Sim, L.] US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Nelson, J. R.; Grubesic, T. H.] Drexel Univ, Coll Comp & Informat, Ctr Spatial Analyt & Geocomputat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Rose, K.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. [Graham, J.] Humboldt State Univ, Environm Sci & Management, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Nelson, JR (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Coll Comp & Informat, Ctr Spatial Analyt & Geocomputat, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jrn55@drexel.edu OI Nelson, Jake/0000-0001-9300-4892; Grubesic, Tony/0000-0003-4517-586X FU department of Energy's (DOE) Complementary Research Program under RES contract [DE-FE0004000]; National Energy Technology Lab in Albany, Oregon FX This work was completed as part of National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) research for the department of Energy's (DOE) Complementary Research Program under section 999 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (https://edx.netl.doe.gov/offshore), and offshore hydrocarbons under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. The authors also wish to acknowledge the National Energy Technology Lab in Albany, Oregon for collaboration and support of this work including help with data collection, processing, and the use of BLOSOM. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 112 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.04.014 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA CL2EF UT WOS:000356755700001 ER PT J AU Liu, XB Lu, SL Hughes, P Cai, Z AF Liu, Xiaobing Lu, Shilei Hughes, Patrick Cai, Zhe TI A comparative study of the status of GSHP applications in the United States and China SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Ground source heat pump; Applications; Markets; Policies; Standards and certifications AB Ground source heat pump (GSHP) or geothermal heat pump technology was first developed and commercially introduced in the late 1970s, and GSHP units representing approximately 3.9 million tons of cooling had been installed in the United States by 2012. Applications of GSHP technology also have grown rapidly in China since it was introduced into China in the 1990s through collaboration between the Chinese and US governments. It is estimated that by 2013, about 400 million m(2) (4.3 billion ft(2)) of building floor space in China was heated and/or cooled by GSHP systems. Governments in both China and the United States have programs that in some way support and/or promote the use of GSHP technology. After decades of practice, both countries have accumulated abundant experience in applying GSHP technology, but both also are confronted with various challenges to rapidly deploying this technology. Under the sponsorship of the US-China Clean Energy Research Center for Building Energy Efficiency, researchers reviewed and compared the current status of GSHP applications in the United States and China, including related policies, standards, technologies, equipment, costs, market development, and barriers. Based on this comparative study, future collaborations between the two countries are recommended to improve the application of the GSHP technology and fully realize its energy saving potential. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Xiaobing; Hughes, Patrick] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lu, Shilei; Cai, Zhe] Tianjin Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Technol, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. RP Lu, SL (reprint author), Tianjin Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Technol, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. EM lvshilei@tju.edu.cn FU US-China Clean Energy Research Center for Building Energy Efficiency [2010DFA72740-05-03] FX This work is supported by the US-China Clean Energy Research Center for Building Energy Efficiency (2010DFA72740-05-03). NR 78 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 558 EP 570 DI 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.035 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA CL0QB UT WOS:000356646200043 ER PT J AU Carlisle, JE Kane, SL Solan, D Bowman, M Joe, JC AF Carlisle, Juliet E. Kane, Stephanie L. Solan, David Bowman, Madelaine Joe, Jeffrey C. TI Public attitudes regarding large-scale solar energy development in the US SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Public opinion; Solar energy; Renewable energy; NIMBY; Place attachment; Facility siting; Public acceptance ID OFFSHORE WIND POWER; RENEWABLE ENERGY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN; SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE; PLACE ATTACHMENT; NIMBY SYNDROME; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NUCLEAR-POWER; DECISIONS; IMPLEMENTATION AB Using data collected from both a National sample as well as an oversample in U.S. Southwest, we examine public attitudes toward the construction of utility-scale solar facilities in the U.S. as well as development in one's own county. Our multivariate analyses assess demographic and socio-psychological factors as well as context in terms of proximity of proposed project by considering the effect of predictors for respondents living in the Southwest versus those from a National sample. We find that the predictors, and impact of the predictors, related to support and opposition to solar development vary in terms of psychological and physical distance. Overall, for respondents living in the U.S. Southwest we find that environmentalism, belief that developers receive too many incentives, and trust in project developers to be significantly related to support and opposition to solar development, in general. When Southwest respondents consider large-scale solar development in their county, the influence of these variables changes so that property value, race, and age only yield influence. Differential effects occur for respondents of our National sample. We believe our findings to be relevant for those outside the U.S. due to the considerable growth PV solar has experienced in the last decade, especially in China, Japan, Germany, and the U.S. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carlisle, Juliet E.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kane, Stephanie L.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Solan, David; Bowman, Madelaine] Boise State Univ, Energy Policy Inst, Boise, ID 83716 USA. [Joe, Jeffrey C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Carlisle, JE (reprint author), Univ Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr MS 5102, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM carlisle@uidaho.edu RI Kane, Stephanie/M-4430-2015 OI Kane, Stephanie/0000-0001-5272-1369 FU Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE0005351] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Award Number DE-EE0005351. NR 86 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 48 BP 835 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.047 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA CL0QB UT WOS:000356646200065 ER PT J AU Gabitto, J Tsouris, C AF Gabitto, Jorge Tsouris, Costas TI Volume Averaging Study of the Capacitive Deionization Process in Homogeneous Porous Media SO TRANSPORT IN POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article DE CDI; Volume average; Porous media ID CARBON ELECTRODES; MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS; MESOPOROUS CARBON; PULSED SYSTEMS; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; DISPERSION; DESALINATION; EQUILIBRIUM; SCALE AB \ Ion storage in porous electrodes is important in applications such as energy storage by supercapacitors, water purification by capacitive deionization, extraction of energy from a salinity difference and heavy ion purification. A model is presented to simulate the charge process in homogeneous porous media comprising big pores. It is based on a theory for capacitive charging by ideally polarizable porous electrodes without faradaic reactions or specific adsorption of ions. A volume averaging technique is used to derive the averaged transport equations in the limit of thin electrical double layers. Transport between the electrolyte solution and the charged wall is described using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model. The effective transport parameters for isotropic porous media are calculated solving the corresponding closure problems. The source terms that appear in the average equations are calculated using numerical computations. An alternative way to deal with the source terms is proposed. C1 [Gabitto, Jorge] Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gabitto, J (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM jgabitto@aol.com RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 FU Laboratory Director's Research and Development Seed Program of ORNL; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-0096OR22725] FX This research was partially conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and supported by the Laboratory Director's Research and Development Seed Program of ORNL. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract DE-AC05-0096OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0169-3913 EI 1573-1634 J9 TRANSPORT POROUS MED JI Transp. Porous Media PD AUG PY 2015 VL 109 IS 1 BP 61 EP 80 DI 10.1007/s11242-015-0502-0 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA CL4PK UT WOS:000356935200004 ER PT J AU Li, ZS Guo, QL Sun, HB Wang, JH AF Li, Zhengshuo Guo, Qinglai Sun, Hongbin Wang, Jianhui TI Storage-like devices in load leveling: Complementarity constraints and a new and exact relaxation method SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Energy storage; Load leveling; Complementarity constraint; Relaxation; Electric vehicle ID SCALE ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTRIC VEHICLE; DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS; JOINT OPTIMIZATION; RENEWABLE ENERGY; POWER-SYSTEMS; DISPATCH; MARKETS; TECHNOLOGIES; MANAGEMENT AB Storage-like devices (SLDs), which include energy storage systems as well as devices with similar properties such as electric vehicles, can be exploited for load leveling. However, to prevent simultaneous charging and discharging of an SLD, complementarity constraints should be included in the optimization model, which makes the problem strongly non-convex. Mixed-integer programming (MIP) methods are commonly used to solve such problems; however, this results in long solution time to achieve an approximate optimal solution. Therefore, a method to efficiently find optimal solutions of load-leveling problems with SLDs is desirable. Here, we report a load-leveling optimization model for a system with SLDs and show that the complementarity constraints can be exactly relaxed under two sufficient conditions so that a convex relaxed model can be solved instead. Moreover, the exactness of the relaxation can be determined prior to solving the relaxed model, and the sufficient conditions are usually satisfied in practical situations. The numerical studies verify the theoretical analysis and show that an equally good optimal solution of the load-leveling problem with SLDs can be obtained far more efficiently by using the proposed method than a commonly used MIP method. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Zhengshuo; Guo, Qinglai; Sun, Hongbin] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, HB (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Rm 3-120,West Main Bldg, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM shb@tsinghua.edu.cn FU National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CB228202]; Innovative Research Groups of NSFC [51321005]; NSFC-RCUK_EPSRC [51361135703] FX This work was supported in part by National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2013CB228202), Innovative Research Groups of NSFC (51321005), and NSFC-RCUK_EPSRC (51361135703). NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 151 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.04.061 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CK4MU UT WOS:000356198700002 ER PT J AU Draxl, C Clifton, A Hodge, BM McCaa, J AF Draxl, Caroline Clifton, Andrew Hodge, Bri-Mathias McCaa, Jim TI The Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Grid integration; WRF; Wind energy; Integration data set; WIND Toolkit; Numerical simulations ID RESOURCE ASSESSMENT; SYSTEM AB Regional wind integration studies in the United States require detailed wind power output data at many locations to perform simulations of how the power system will operate under high-penetration scenarios. The wind data sets that serve as inputs into the study must realistically reflect the ramping characteristics, spatial and temporal correlations, and capacity factors of the simulated wind plants, as well as be time synchronized with available load profiles. The Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit described in this article fulfills these requirements as the largest and most complete grid integration data set publicly available to date. A meteorological data set, wind power production time series, and simulated forecasts created using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model run on a 2-km grid over the continental United States at a 5-min resolution is now publicly available for more than 126,000 land-based and offshore wind power production sites. State-of-the-art forecast accuracy was mimicked by reforecasting the years 2007-2013 using industry-standard techniques. Our meteorological and power validation results show that the WIND Toolkit data is satisfactory for wind energy integration studies. Users are encouraged to validate according to their phenomena and application of interest. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Draxl, Caroline; Clifton, Andrew; Hodge, Bri-Mathias] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [McCaa, Jim] 3TIER Vaisala, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Draxl, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM caroline.draxl@nrel.gov RI Draxl, Caroline/O-6206-2016; OI Draxl, Caroline/0000-0001-5532-6268; Clifton, Andrew/0000-0001-9698-5083 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Technologies Office FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Funding for the work was provided by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Wind and Water Power Technologies Office. We thank all of the technical review committee participants who helped shape the WIND Toolkit project, and especially those who contributed technically: Kirsten Orwig, Padriac Fowler, Eric Grimit, Sara Harrold, and Jack King. We thank Billy Roberts for providing Figs. 1 and 2. Some simulations were performed using the Red Mesa High-Performance Computing (HPC) system at Sandia National Laboratories, and some on Peregrine, NREL's HPC system. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 EI 1872-9118 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 151 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.121 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA CK4MU UT WOS:000356198700032 ER PT J AU Salmi, T Chlachidze, G Marchevsky, M Bajas, H Felice, H Stenvall, A AF Salmi, Tiina Chlachidze, Guram Marchevsky, Maxim Bajas, Hugo Felice, Helene Stenvall, Antti TI Analysis of Uncertainties in Protection Heater Delay Time Measurements and Simulations in Nb3Sn High-Field Accelerator Magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Nb3Sn accelerator magnets; protection heaters; quench protection; thermal modeling AB The quench protection of superconducting high-field accelerator magnets is presently based on protection heaters, which are activated upon quench detection to accelerate the quench propagation within the winding. Estimations of the heater delay to initiate a normal zone in the coil are essential for the protection design. During the development of Nb3Sn magnets for the LHC luminosity upgrade, protection heater delays have been measured in several experiments, and a new computational tool CoHDA (Code for Heater Delay Analysis) has been developed for heater design. Several computational quench analyses suggest that the efficiency of the present heater technology is on the borderline of protecting the magnets. Quantifying the inevitable uncertainties related to the measured and simulated delays is therefore of pivotal importance. In this paper, we analyze the uncertainties in the heater delay measurements and simulations using data from five impregnated high-field Nb3Sn magnets with different heater geometries. The results suggest that a minimum variation of 3 ms or 20% should be accounted in the heater design for coil outer surfaces and at least 10 ms or 40% in the inner surfaces due to more uncertain heater contact. We also propose a simulation criterion that gives an upper bound enclosing 90% of the measured delays for heaters on the coil outer surface. C1 [Salmi, Tiina; Stenvall, Antti] Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Electromagnet, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. [Chlachidze, Guram] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Marchevsky, Maxim; Felice, Helene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bajas, Hugo] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Salmi, T (reprint author), Tampere Univ Technol, Inst Electromagnet, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. EM tiina.salmi@tut.fi FU Stability Analysis of Superconducting Hybrid Magnets, Academy of Finland [250652] FX Manuscript received February 10, 2015; revised April 10, 2015; accepted April 17, 2015. Date of publication May 25, 2015; date of current version June 16, 2015. This work was supported by Stability Analysis of Superconducting Hybrid Magnets, Academy of Finland, under Grant 250652. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor C. Luongo. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 25 IS 4 AR 4004212 DI 10.1109/TASC.2015.2437332 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA CK8BR UT WOS:000356463100001 ER PT J AU Nilsson, E Decker, J Fisch, NJ Peysson, Y AF Nilsson, E. Decker, J. Fisch, N. J. Peysson, Y. TI Trapped-electron runaway effect SO JOURNAL OF PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN PLASMAS; TOKAMAKS; DISRUPTIONS; AVALANCHE; WAVES AB In a tokamak, trapped electrons subject to a strong electric field cannot run away immediately, because their parallel velocity does not increase over a bounce period. However, they do pinch toward the tokamak center. As they pinch toward the center, the trapping cone becomes more narrow, so eventually they can be detrapped and run away. When they run away, trapped electrons will have a very different signature from circulating electrons subject to the Dreicer mechanism. The characteristics of what are called trapped-electron runaways are identified and quantified, including their distinguishable perpendicular velocity spectrum and radial extent. C1 [Nilsson, E.; Peysson, Y.] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Decker, J.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CRPP, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Fisch, N. J.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Nilsson, E (reprint author), CEA, IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM emelie.nilsson@cea.fr RI Decker, Joan/B-7779-2010; EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016 OI Decker, Joan/0000-0003-0220-2653; FU Euratom research and training programme [633053]; DOE [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. The authors appreciate the hospitality of the Chalmers University of Technology, where, at a meeting organized by Professor Tunde Fulop, these ideas were initially conceived. The authors are grateful to Eero Hirvijoki, Isztvan Pusztai and Adam Stahl for fruitful discussions. One of us (NJF) acknowledges support, in part, from DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 19 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-3778 EI 1469-7807 J9 J PLASMA PHYS JI J. Plasma Phys. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 81 AR 475810403 DI 10.1017/S0022377815000446 PN 4 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA CK7TO UT WOS:000356436400013 ER PT J AU Roy, A Serov, A Artyushkova, K Brosha, EL Atanassov, P Ward, TL AF Roy, Aaron Serov, Alexey Artyushkova, Kateryna Brosha, Eric L. Atanassov, Plamen Ward, Tim L. TI Facile synthesis of high surface area molybdenum nitride and carbide SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fuel-cell materials; Catalysis; X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy; XRD; High surface area molybdenum nitride ID METAL CARBIDES; CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN; TUNGSTEN; ROUTE AB The synthesis of high surface area gamma-MO2N and alpha-MO2C is reported (116 and 120 m(2)/g) without the temperature programmed reduction of MoO3. gamma-Mo2N was prepared in an NH3-free synthesis using forming gas (7 at% H-2, N-2-balance) as the reactive atmosphere. Three precursors were studied ((NH4)(6)Mo7O24 center dot 4H(2)O, (NH4)(2) Mg(MoO4)(2), and MgMoO4) along with the sacrificial support method (SSM) as a means of reducing the particle size of MO2N and MO2C. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to identify reaction intermediates, the temperature at which various intermediates form, and the average domain size of the MO2N products. Materials were synthesized in bulk and further characterized by XRD, HRTEM, XPS, and BET. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Roy, Aaron; Serov, Alexey; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Atanassov, Plamen; Ward, Tim L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Roy, Aaron; Serov, Alexey; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Atanassov, Plamen; Ward, Tim L.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Brosha, Eric L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ward, TL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tlward@unm.edu; plamen@unm.edu RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 21 U2 157 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 228 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2015.05.007 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CK9NF UT WOS:000356566100033 ER PT J AU Hamerly, T Tripet, BP Tigges, M Giannone, RJ Wurch, L Hettich, RL Podar, M Copie, V Bothner, B AF Hamerly, Timothy Tripet, Brian P. Tigges, Michelle Giannone, Richard J. Wurch, Louie Hettich, Robert L. Podar, Mircea Copie, Valerie Bothner, Brian TI Untargeted metabolomics studies employing NMR and LC-MS reveal metabolic coupling between Nanoarcheum equitans and its archaeal host Ignicoccus hospitalis SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE LC-MS and NMR; Metabolomics; Ignicoccus hospitalis-Nanoarcheum equitans; Interspecies interactions; Hyperthermophilic archea; Systems biology ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SP-NOV; INSIGHTS; BIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; PATHWAY; PHYLUM; UNIQUE; CELLS; LIFE AB Interspecies interactions are the basis of microbial community formation and infectious diseases. Systems biology enables the construction of complex models describing such interactions, leading to a better understanding of disease states and communities. However, before interactions between complex organisms can be understood, metabolic and energetic implications of simpler real-world host-microbe systems must be worked out. To this effect, untargeted metabolomics experiments were conducted and integrated with proteomics data to characterize key molecular-level interactions between two hyperthermophilic microbial species, both of which have reduced genomes. Metabolic changes and transfer of metabolites between the archaea Ignicoccus hospitalis and Nanoarcheum equitans were investigated using integrated LC-MS and NMR metabolomics. The study of such a system is challenging, as no genetic tools are available, growth in the laboratory is challenging, and mechanisms by which they interact are unknown. Together with information about relative enzyme levels obtained from shotgun proteomics, the metabolomics data provided useful insights into metabolic pathways and cellular networks of I. hospitalis that are impacted by the presence of N. equitans, including arginine, isoleucine, and CTP biosynthesis. On the organismal level, the data indicate that N. equitans exploits metabolites generated by I. hospitalis to satisfy its own metabolic needs. This finding is based on N. equitans's consumption of a significant fraction of the metabolite pool in I. hospitalis that cannot solely be attributed to increased biomass production for N. equitans. Combining LC-MS and NMR metabolomics datasets improved coverage of the metabolome and enhanced the identification and quantitation of cellular metabolites. C1 [Hamerly, Timothy; Tripet, Brian P.; Tigges, Michelle; Copie, Valerie; Bothner, Brian] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Giannone, Richard J.; Wurch, Louie; Hettich, Robert L.; Podar, Mircea] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wurch, Louie; Podar, Mircea] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Copie, Valerie; Bothner, Brian] Montana State Univ, Thermal Biol Inst, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Copie, V (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, CBB 103, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM vcopie@chemistry.montana.edu; bbothner@chemistry.montana.edu RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-SC0006654]; NIH [1S10-RR13878-01, 1S10-RR026659-01]; Murdock Charitable Trust; NIH of the CoBRE program [5P20RR02437] FX This research was supported by a Grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-SC0006654). The NMR experiments were recorded at Montana State University on a DRX600 Bruker solution NMR spectrometer, purchased in part with funds from the NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant (SIG) (Grant Number 1S10-RR13878-01), and recently upgraded to an AVANCE III console and cryogenically cooled TCI probe (Grant Number 1S10-RR026659-01). The mass spectrometry facility at MSU receives funding from the Murdock Charitable Trust and NIH 5P20RR02437 of the CoBRE program. We thank Dr. Harald Huber (University of Regensburg, Germany) for providing a bioreactor sample of I. hospitalis-N. equitans used for initial methods development. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 EI 1573-3890 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD AUG PY 2015 VL 11 IS 4 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1007/s11306-014-0747-6 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CK9CL UT WOS:000356538000012 PM 26273237 ER PT J AU Dedesko, S Stephens, B Gilbert, JA Siegel, JA AF Dedesko, Sandra Stephens, Brent Gilbert, Jack A. Siegel, Jeffrey A. TI Methods to assess human occupancy and occupant activity in hospital patient rooms SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Healthcare environments; Carbon dioxide concentrations; Doorway beam-break sensors; Indoor microbiome; Room occupants ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; HOUSE-DUST; AIR-FLOW; ENVIRONMENT; VENTILATION; PARTICLES; BUILDINGS; ALLERGENS; EXPOSURE; HOMES AB Human occupants have a profound influence on indoor environments, although there is limited information on means to cost-effectively assess occupant metrics in all types of buildings. Multiple measures of occupancy (i.e., the number of occupants and the duration of their presence) and occupant activity (i.e., the number of occupant movements through room doorways) were investigated in ten single-patient rooms in a new hospital in Chicago, Illinois as part of the Hospital Microbiome Project, with the overarching goal of determining occupant characteristics to inform an investigation of interactions between humans and microbial communities. Four relatively low-cost, non-invasive methods to estimate time-resolved occupancy and occupant activity were developed using data from (1) CO2 concentration sensors installed in patient rooms and the supply air streams serving each room and (2) non-directional doorway beam-break sensors installed at each patient room doorway. A method that utilized data from both sensors produced the most accurate estimates and was used to characterize time-varying occupancy and occupant activity. Daily occupancy varied among rooms, with median values ranging from 0 to 3 persons per hour. Occupant activity exhibited less variation on average (approximately 8 doorway movements per hour), but reached high levels on certain days for some patient rooms. No consistent relationship was observed between estimated occupancy and occupant activity, indicating that one metric cannot be inferred from the other. This study shows that this dual-sensor methodology provides a relatively inexpensive, non-invasive, accurate approach to estimate occupancy and occupant activity in an environment with rigorous privacy and security limitations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dedesko, Sandra; Siegel, Jeffrey A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Stephens, Brent] IIT, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gilbert, Jack A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Siegel, Jeffrey A.] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Siegel, JA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM jeffrey.siegel@utoronto.ca FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation [2012-10-04] FX The authors would like to thank the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for funding the Hospital Microbiome Project (Grant No. 2012-10-04). We also thank the hospital and facilities staff at the University of Chicago Hospital, as well as Tiffanie Ramos, Pahram Azimi, Laurit Dide, Daniel Smith, and Kristen Starkey for their help in data collection. NR 59 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 EI 1873-684X J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 90 BP 136 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.03.029 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA CK4JB UT WOS:000356189000013 ER PT J AU Wofford, JM Nie, S Thurmer, K McCarty, KF Dubon, OD AF Wofford, Joseph M. Nie, Shu Thuermer, Konrad McCarty, Kevin F. Dubon, Oscar D. TI Influence of lattice orientation on growth and structure of graphene on Cu(001) SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GRAPHENE; ISLANDS; EDGE; CU; MECHANISMS; KINETICS; FILMS; FOILS; SHAPE AB We have used low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and diffraction (LEED) to examine the significance of lattice orientation in graphene growth on Cu(001). Individual graphene domains undergo anisotropic growth on the Cu surface, and develop into lens shapes with their long axes roughly aligned with Cu(100) in-plane directions. The long axis of a lens-shaped domain is only rarely oriented along a C < 11 > direction, suggesting that carbon attachment at "zigzag" graphene island edges is unfavorable. A kink-mediated adatom attachment process is consistent with the behavior observed here and reported in the literature. The details of the ridged moire pattern formed by the superposition of the graphene lattice on the (001) Cu surface also evolve with the graphene lattice orientation, and are predicted well by a simple geometric model. Managing the kink-mediated growth mode of graphene on Cu(001) will be necessary for the continued improvement of this graphene synthesis technique. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wofford, Joseph M.; Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wofford, Joseph M.; Dubon, Oscar D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nie, Shu; Thuermer, Konrad; McCarty, Kevin F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wofford, JM (reprint author), Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, Hausvogteipl 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. EM joewofford@gmail.com; oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Thurmer, Konrad/L-4699-2013 OI Thurmer, Konrad/0000-0002-3078-7372 FU NSF [DMR-1105541]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy [De-Ac04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-1105541 (ODD and JMW) and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. De-Ac04-94AL85000 (SN, KT, and KFM). NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 11 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2015 VL 90 BP 284 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.056 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CK3PY UT WOS:000356129200033 ER PT J AU Ding, H Medasani, B Chen, W Persson, KA Haranczyk, M Asta, M AF Ding, Hong Medasani, Bharat Chen, Wei Persson, Kristin A. Haranczyk, Maciej Asta, Mark TI PyDII: A python framework for computing equilibrium intrinsic point defect concentrations and extrinsic solute site preferences in intermetallic compounds SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Intrinsic point defect; Extrinsic solute site preference; Intermetallic compound; Python ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; ELEMENTS AB Point defects play an important role in determining the structural stability and mechanical behavior of intermetallic compounds. To help quantitatively understand the point defect properties in these compounds, we developed PyDII, a Python program that performs thermodynamic calculations of equilibrium intrinsic point defect concentrations and extrinsic solute site preferences in intermetallics. The algorithm implemented in PyDll is built upon a dilute-solution thermodynamic formalism with a set of defect excitation energies calculated from first-principles density-functional theory methods. The analysis module in PyDII enables automated calculations of equilibrium intrinsic antisite and vacancy concentrations as a function of composition and temperature (over ranges where the dilute solution formalism is accurate) and the point defect concentration changes arising from addition of an extrinsic substitutional solute species. To demonstrate the applications of PyDll, we provide examples for intrinsic point defect concentrations in NiAl and Al3 V and site preferences for Ti, Mo and Fe solutes in NiAl. Program summary Program title: PyDII Catalogue identifier: AEWI_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEWI_vl_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: MIT License No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6123 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 40988 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python. Computer: Any computer with a Python interpreter. Operating system: Any which enable Python. RAM: Problem dependent Classification: 7.1. External routines: NumPy [1], Sympy [2], and Pymatgen [3]. Nature of problem: Equilibrium intrinsic point defect concentrations and solute site preferences in intermetallic compounds. Solution method: Intrinsic point defect properties and solute site preference as a function of composition and temperature are computed within the grand-canonical, dilute-solution thermodynamic formalism developed by Woodward et al., Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 094103. Restrictions: The current version of PyDII supports generating inputs and parsing outputs for density functional calculations implemented in VASP. Defect energetics obtained from other computational methods or software can also be used to compute the defect properties by preparing the input in a format consistent with that of the JSON files provided in the example folder. Additional comments: This article describes version 1.0.0. Running time: Problem dependent References: [1] Numpy Developers, http://numpy.org/. [2] Sympy Development Team, http://sympy.org/. [3] S.P. Ong, W.D. Richards, A. Jain, G. Hautier, M. Kocher, S. Cholia, D. Gunter, V.L. Chevrier, K.A. Persson, G. Ceder, Python Materials Genomics (pymatgen): A Robust, Open-Source Python Library for Materials Analysis, Computational Materials Science 68 (2013) 314-319. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Hong; Asta, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Medasani, Bharat; Haranczyk, Maciej] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Wei; Persson, Kristin A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hongding@berkeley.edu; bkmedasani@lbl.gov RI Chen, Wei/B-3045-2012; Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014; OI Chen, Wei/0000-0002-1135-7721; Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568; Medasani, Bharat/0000-0002-2073-4162 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BSE) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) [EDCBEE]; US DOE, Office of Fossil Energy [DE-FG000568]; Materials Project Center; BSE of the US DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was intellectually led by the Materials Project Center, supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BSE) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant No. EDCBEE. H. Ding was supported by the US DOE, Office of Fossil Energy, under Grant No. DE-FG000568, while all other authors were supported by the Materials Project Center. This work used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the BSE of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with A. Canning, A. Jain and S.P. Ong. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 193 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2015.03.015 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CK4JI UT WOS:000356189700013 ER PT J AU Sorokine, A Schlicher, BG Ward, RC Wright, MC Kruse, KL Bhaduri, B Slepoy, A AF Sorokine, Alexandre Schlicher, Bob G. Ward, Richard C. Wright, Michael C. Kruse, Kara L. Bhaduri, Budhendra Slepoy, Alexander TI An interactive ontology-driven information system for simulating background radiation and generating scenarios for testing special nuclear materials detection algorithms SO ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE Ontology; Ontology driven information system; Scenario; Geographical information system; Database ID EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; INTEGRATION; MODEL AB This paper describes an original approach to generate scenarios for the purpose of testing the algorithms used to detect special nuclear materials (SNM) that incorporates the use of ontologies. Separating the signal of SNM from the background requires sophisticated algorithms. To assist in developing such algorithms, there is a need for scenarios that capture a very wide range of variables affecting the detection process, depending on the type of detector being used. To provide such a capability, we developed an ontology-driven information system (ODIS) for generating scenarios that can be used for testing of algorithms for SNM detection. The Ontology-Driven Scenario Generator (ODSG) is an ODIS based on information supplied by subject matter experts and other documentation. The details of the creation of the ontology, the development of the ontology-driven information system, and the design of the web user interface (UI) are presented along with specific examples of scenarios generated using the ODSG. We demonstrate that the paradigm behind the ODSG is capable of addressing the problem of semantic complexity at both the user and developer levels. Compared to traditional approaches, an ODIS provides benefits such as faithful representation of the users' domain conceptualization, simplified management of very large and semantically diverse datasets, and the ability to handle frequent changes to the application and the UI. The approach makes possible the generation of a much larger number of specific scenarios based on limited user-supplied information. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sorokine, Alexandre; Schlicher, Bob G.; Ward, Richard C.; Wright, Michael C.; Kruse, Kara L.; Bhaduri, Budhendra] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Slepoy, Alexander] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sorokine, A (reprint author), One Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008,MS-6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sorokina@ornl.gov; aslepoy@lbl.gov OI Sorokine, Alexandre/0000-0001-7993-1534 FU DOE/NNSA NA-22 Simulation, Algorithms and Modeling Program [OR10-Ontology Demo-PD06]; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Research sponsored by DOE/NNSA NA-22 Simulation, Algorithms and Modeling Program under Contract: OR10-Ontology Demo-PD06. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0952-1976 EI 1873-6769 J9 ENG APPL ARTIF INTEL JI Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.engappai.2015.04.010 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA CK3LZ UT WOS:000356118900014 ER PT J AU Pumera, M Polsky, R Banks, C AF Pumera, Martin Polsky, Ronen Banks, Craig TI special issue on "Graphene and Related Materials in Electrochemistry" FOREWORD SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pumera, Martin] Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Chem & Biol Chem, Singapore 637371, Singapore. [Polsky, Ronen] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Banks, Craig] Manchester Metropolitan Univ, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, England. RP Pumera, M (reprint author), Nanyang Technol Univ, Div Chem & Biol Chem, Singapore 637371, Singapore. EM pumera@ntu.edu.sg; rpolsky@sandia.gov; c.banks@mmu.ac.uk RI banks, craig/A-8889-2013; Pumera, Martin/F-2724-2010 OI banks, craig/0000-0002-0756-9764; Pumera, Martin/0000-0001-5846-2951 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 172 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.024 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA CJ6WQ UT WOS:000355636300001 ER PT J AU Chinta, SJ Woods, G Rane, A Demaria, M Campisi, J Andersen, JK AF Chinta, Shankar J. Woods, Georgia Rane, Anand Demaria, Marco Campisi, Judith Andersen, Julie K. TI Cellular senescence and the aging brain SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aging; Brain; Cellular senescence; Senescence associated secretory phenotype; Neurodegeneration ID INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE SECRETION; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; IN-VIVO; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; IONIZING-RADIATION; GROWTH ARREST; CELLS; MICROGLIA; ASTROCYTES AB Cellular senescence is a potent anti-cancermechanismthat arrests the proliferation of mitotically competent cells to prevent malignant transformation. Senescent cells accumulate with age in a variety of human and mouse tissues where they express a complex 'senescence-associated secretory phenotype' (SASP). The SASP includes many pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and proteases that have the potential to cause or exacerbate age-related pathology, both degenerative and hyperplastic. While cellular senescence in peripheral tissues has recently been linked to a number of age-related pathologies, its involvement in brain aging is just beginning to be explored. Recent data generated by several laboratories suggest that both aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by an increase in SASP-expressing senescent cells of nonneuronal origin in the brain. Moreover, this increase correlates with neurodegeneration. Senescent cells in the brain could therefore constitute novel therapeutic targets for treating age-related neuropathologies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chinta, Shankar J.; Woods, Georgia; Rane, Anand; Demaria, Marco; Campisi, Judith; Andersen, Julie K.] Buck Inst Res Aging, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Campisi, Judith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Andersen, JK (reprint author), Buck Inst Res Aging, Novato, CA 94945 USA. EM jandersen@buckinstitute.org OI Demaria, Marco/0000-0002-8429-4813 FU Ellison Senior Scholar Fellowship; Buck Impact Circle; NIA [PPG AG025901, R37 AG009909]; CIRM [TG2-01155]; American Italian Cancer Foundation; [T32 AG000266] FX Financial support was provided by an Ellison Senior Scholar Fellowship (JKA), the 2014 Buck Impact Circle (JKA/JC), the NIA PPG AG025901 (JKA/JC), the CIRM TG2-01155 (SJC), the American Italian Cancer Foundation (MD), the T32 AG000266 (GW), and the NIA R37 AG009909 (JC). NR 75 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 EI 1873-6815 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 68 BP 3 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.018 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA CJ9PQ UT WOS:000355835100002 PM 25281806 ER PT J AU LaBarbera, DA Zikry, MA AF LaBarbera, D. A. Zikry, M. A. TI Dynamic fracture and local failure mechanisms in heterogeneous RDX-Estane energetic aggregates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE RDX; FINITE-STRAIN PLASTICITY; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; PROPAGATION; FORMULATION; EXPLOSIVES; PREDICTION; INITIATION AB Local failure initiation mechanisms, such as the nucleation and propagation of multiple cracks, have been investigated in energetic aggregates with a viscoelastic estane binder and crystalline RDX grains that have been subjected to dynamic thermo-mechanical loading conditions. A dislocation density-based crystalline plasticity, finite viscoelasticity, dynamic fracture nucleation and propagation, and non-linear finite-element formulations were used to study crack nucleation and propagation due to dynamic, tensile mechanical strain-rate loading conditions in RDX-Estane energetic aggregates. The interrelated effects of grain boundary (GB) misorientations, porosity, grain morphology, dislocation densities, polymer binder relaxation, and crystal-binder interactions were coupled with adiabatic plasticity heating, thermal decomposition, and viscous dissipation heating to fundamentally understand and predict aggregate behavior and local failure initiation mechanisms. The predictions indicate that local failure occurs when cracks nucleate at the peripheries of internal porosity and subsequently propagate toward the viscoelastic estane binder where crack arrest occurs at the interface, which results in large inelastic deformations and temperature accumulations at the interfaces. C1 [LaBarbera, D. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Zikry, M. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zikry, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM zikry@ncsu.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research as a Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative on Sound and Electromagnetic Interacting Waves [N00014-10-1-0958] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research as a Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative on Sound and Electromagnetic Interacting Waves under Grant Number N00014-10-1-0958. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 50 IS 16 BP 5549 EP 5561 DI 10.1007/s10853-015-9102-1 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA CJ6VH UT WOS:000355632500021 ER PT J AU Yoon, CW Kim, YE Seo, SW Ki, CS Choi, SH Kim, JW Na, DL AF Yoon, Cindy W. Kim, Young-Eun Seo, Sang Won Ki, Chang-Seok Choi, Seong Hye Kim, Jong-Won Na, Duk L. TI NOTCH3 variants in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment: a comparison with typical CADASIL patients SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE CADASIL; NOTCH3; Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) ID SMALL VESSEL DISEASE; CEREBRAL MICROBLEEDS; DEMENTIA; MUTATIONS; GENE; STROKE; ABNORMALITIES; PATTERNS; FAMILIES; SPECTRUM AB Although cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is thought to be a common form of hereditary subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI), there is little data on the frequency of NOTCH3 variants in SVCI patients. We prospectively screened for NOTCH3 variants in consecutive SVCI patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and amyloid positron emission tomography as well as sequence analysis for mutational hotspots in the NOTCH3 gene. Among 117 patients with SVCI, 16 patients had either known mutations or variants of unknown significance in the NOTCH3 gene. There were no differences in clinical and neuroimaging features between SVCI patients with and without NOTCH3 variants, only except for a higher number of deep microbleeds in SVCI patients with NOTCH3 variants. Our findings suggest that there is a phenotypic entity of NOTCH3 variant that is similar to that of sporadic SVCI but not of typical CADASIL. Notably, 2 SVCI patients with NOTCH3 mutations showed significant amyloid burden, which challenges the prevailing concept that CADASIL represents the genetic model of pure small vessel disease. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Cindy W.; Choi, Seong Hye] Inha Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Inchon, South Korea. [Kim, Young-Eun; Ki, Chang-Seok; Kim, Jong-Won] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med & Genet, Seoul, South Korea. [Seo, Sang Won; Na, Duk L.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Seoul, South Korea. [Seo, Sang Won] Samsung Med Ctr, Ctr Neurosci, Seoul, South Korea. [Seo, Sang Won] Sungkyunkwan Univ, SAIHST, Dept Clin Res Design & Evaluat, Seoul, South Korea. [Seo, Sang Won] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, Memory & Aging Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. [Seo, Sang Won] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo, Sang Won] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seo, SW (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Seoul, South Korea. EM sangwonseo@empal.com; changski@skku.edu RI ki, cs/O-5931-2014; OI Yoon, Cindy/0000-0002-4697-6610 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013R1A1A2065365, NRF-2013R1A1A2009756]; Korean Healthcare Technology R and D Project; Ministry for Health and Welfare Affairs [HI10C2020, HI12C0713]; Samsung Medical Center Clinical Research Development Program Grant [CRL-10801, CRS110-14-1]; Inha University Research Grant [INHA-49307]; Inha University Hospital Research Grant; Converging Research Center Program through the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, Korea [2013K000338] FX This study was supported by the Basic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2013R1A1A2065365 and NRF-2013R1A1A2009756), the Korean Healthcare Technology R and D Project, the Ministry for Health and Welfare Affairs (HI10C2020 and HI12C0713), a Samsung Medical Center Clinical Research Development Program Grant (CRL-10801 and CRS110-14-1), an Inha University Research Grant (INHA-49307), the Inha University Hospital Research Grant, and the Converging Research Center Program through the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning, Korea (2013K000338). NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 EI 1558-1497 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD AUG PY 2015 VL 36 IS 8 AR 2443. e1 DI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.04.009 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA CJ8RL UT WOS:000355771100011 PM 26002683 ER PT J AU Almeida, S Ochoa, E Chavez, JJ Zhou, XW Zubia, D AF Almeida, S. Ochoa, E. Chavez, J. J. Zhou, X. W. Zubia, D. TI Calculation of surface diffusivity and residence time by molecular dynamics with application to nanoscale selective-area growth SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Surface diffusivity; Residence time; Surface diffusion; Selective-area growth; Cadmium telluride ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CLOSE-SPACE SUBLIMATION; CDTE THIN-FILM; PHASE EPITAXY; SOLAR-CELLS; MOCVD; GAAS; MECHANISM; MODEL; CDS AB The surface diffusivity and residence time were calculated by molecular dynamics simulations in order to solve the surface diffusion equations for selective-area growth. The calculations for CdTe/CdS material system were performed in substrates with Cd termination and S termination. The surface diffusivity and residence time were obtained at different temperatures (600 K, 800 K. 1000 K, 1200 K, and 1400 K). The thermal activation energies were extracted from Arrhenius equation for each substrate termination. Thereafter, values obtained by molecular dynamics were used in a surface diffusion model to calculate the surface concentration profile of adatoms. Alternating the surface termination has the potential to achieve nanoscale selective-area growth without the need of a dielectric film as a mask. (C) 2015 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Almeida, S.; Ochoa, E.; Chavez, J. J.; Zubia, D.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Zhou, X. W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mech Mat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Almeida, S (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM sfalmeida@utep.edu FU NSF through the Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science [0939514]; PREM [DMR-1205302]; IGERT [DGE-0903670]; NSF [CNS-1059430]; Department of Energy [DE-EE0005958] FX This work was supported in part by NSF through the Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science (NSF Award 0939514), the PREM program (DMR-1205302), the IGERT program (DGE-0903670), the use of the Virgo2 Cluster (NSF Award CNS-1059430), and Department of Energy through the BRIDGE program (DE-EE0005958). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 423 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2015.04.036 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA CJ0WH UT WOS:000355199500010 ER PT J AU Ma, XM Ran, S Pang, H Li, FS Canfield, PC Bud'ko, SL AF Ma, Xiaoming Ran, Sheng Pang, Hua Li, Fashen Canfield, Paul C. Bud'ko, Sergey L. TI Fe-57 Mossbauer study of Lu2Fe3Si5 iron suicide superconductor SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE superconductors; Mossbauer spectroscopy; specific heat ID RARE-EARTH; STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VIBRATIONAL BEHAVIOR; T-C; SILICIDES; MAGNETISM AB With the advent of Fe-As based superconductivity it has become important to study how superconductivity manifests itself in details of Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy of conventional, Fe-bearing superconductors. To this end, the iron-based superconductor Lu2Fe3Si5 has been studied by Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy over the temperature range from 4.4 K to room temperature with particular attention to the region close to the superconducting transition temperature (T-c=6.1 K). Consistent with the two crystallographic sites for Fe in this structure, the observed spectra appear to have a pattern consisting of two doublets over the whole temperature range. The value of Debye temperature was estimated from temperature dependence of the isomer shift and the total spectral area and compared with the specific heat capacity data. Neither abnormal behavior of the hyperfine parameters at or near T-c, nor phonon softening were observed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Xiaoming; Pang, Hua; Li, Fashen] Lanzhou Univ, Inst Appl Magnet, Key Lab Magnetism & Magnet Mat, Minist Educ, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China. [Ma, Xiaoming; Ran, Sheng; Canfield, Paul C.; Bud'ko, Sergey L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ma, Xiaoming; Ran, Sheng; Canfield, Paul C.; Bud'ko, Sergey L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM budko@ameslab.gov FU China Scholarship Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11275086]; US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX X.M. was supported in part by the China Scholarship Council. The authors (H.P. and F.L.) gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no. 11275086. Work at the Ames Laboratory (X.M., S. R., P.C.C. and S.L.B.) was supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2015 VL 83 BP 58 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2015.03.021 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA CJ3EI UT WOS:000355365800009 ER PT J AU Sacci, RL Gill, LW Hagaman, EW Dudney, NJ AF Sacci, Robert L. Gill, Lance W. Hagaman, Edward W. Dudney, Nancy J. TI Operando NMR and XRD study of chemically synthesized LiCx oxidation in a dry room environment SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium intercalation; Solid-state synthesis; Solid electrolyte interphase; Battery processing; Li NMR ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; GRAPHITE FILM ELECTRODES; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; APROTIC MEDIA; INTERCALATION; CARBON; INSERTION; DIFFUSION; MECHANISM; LI-7-NMR AB We test the stability of pre-lithiated graphite anodes for Li-ion batteries in a dry room battery processing room. The reaction between LiCx and laboratory air was followed using operando NMR and x-ray diffraction, as these methods are sensitive to change in Li stoichiometry in graphite. There is minimal reactivity between LiC6 and N-2, CO2 or O-2; however, LiC6 reacts with moisture to form lithium (hydr) oxide. The reaction rate follows zero-order kinetics with respects to intercalated lithium suggesting that lithium transport through the graphite is fast. The reaction occurs by sequential formation of higher stages-LiC12, then LiC18, and then LiC24-as the hydrolysis proceeds to the formation of LixOHy and graphite end products. Slowing down the formation rate of the LixOHy passivation layer stabilizes of the higher stages. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sacci, Robert L.; Dudney, Nancy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gill, Lance W.; Hagaman, Edward W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sacci, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM saccirl@ornl.gov; dudneynj@ornl.gov RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 FU Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures, and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research was supported by the Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures, and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (RLS, NJD, EH). We thank Michael A. McGuire (ORNL) for assistance in performing the XRD measurements and analysis. We also thank Pred Materials International for the MGP-A. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 287 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.035 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CI9AW UT WOS:000355063800032 ER PT J AU Hong, L Hu, JM Gerdes, K Chen, LQ AF Hong, Liang Hu, Jia-Mian Gerdes, Kirk Chen, Long-Qing TI Oxygen vacancy diffusion across cathode/electrolyte interface in solid oxide fuel cells: An electrochemical phase-field model SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Oxygen vacancy diffusion; Electrochemical model; Electrode/electrolyte interface; Phase-field model ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; CATHODE; SIMULATION; REDUCTION; TRANSPORT; PERFORMANCE; PATHWAYS; KINETICS; SYSTEM AB An electrochemical phase-field model is developed to study electronic and ionic transport across the cathode/electrolyte interface in solid oxide fuel cells. The influences of local current density and interfacial electrochemical reactions on the transport behaviors are incorporated. This model reproduces two electrochemical features. Nernst equation is satisfied through the thermodynamic equilibriums of the electron and oxygen vacancy. The distributions of charged species around the interface induce charge double layer. Moreover, we verify the nonlinear current/overpotential relationship. This model facilitates the exploration of problems in solid oxide fuel cells, which are associated with transport of species and electrochemical reactions at high operating temperature. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hong, Liang; Hu, Jia-Mian; Chen, Long-Qing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Gerdes, Kirk] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Hong, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM lxh42@psu.edu FU National Energy Technology Laboratory under RES [DE-FE0004000]; NSF [OCI-0821527] FX L. Hong would like to thank David Mebane and Harry Abernathy for useful discussions. As part of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's research portfolio, this work was conducted under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. The computer simulations were carried out on the LION and cyberstar clusters at the Pennsylvania State University, in part supported by instrumentation (cyberstar Linux cluster) funded by the NSF through Grant OCI-0821527. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 287 BP 396 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.04.090 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA CI9AW UT WOS:000355063800050 ER PT J AU Hsieh, LH Dai, S AF Hsieh, Lung-Hwa Dai, Steve TI Miniaturized LTCC elliptic-function lowpass filters with wide stopbands SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE miniaturized filter; low temperature cofired ceramic; lowpass filter ID RESONATORS AB A compact, high-selectivity, and wide stopband lowpass filter is highly demanded in wireless communication systems to suppress adjacent harmonics and unwanted signals. In this letter, a new miniaturized lowpass filter with elliptic-function frequency response is introduced. The filter is fabricated in multilayer low temperature cofired ceramics. The size of the miniaturized filter is 5.5 x 3.9 x 1.72 mm(3). The measured insertion loss of the filter is better than 0.37 dB from DC to 1.28 GHz and the measured stopband of the filter is great than 22 dB from 2.3 to 7.5 GHz. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1956-1957, 2015 C1 [Hsieh, Lung-Hwa; Dai, Steve] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Hsieh, LH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0348, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM lhsieh@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Mr Adrian Wagner for the fabrication of multilayer LTCC LPFs. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0895-2477 EI 1098-2760 J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1956 EP 1957 DI 10.1002/mop.29237 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA CJ1XK UT WOS:000355278200046 ER PT J AU Gammer, C Ozdol, VB Liebscher, CH Minor, AM AF Gammer, Christoph Ozdol, V. Burak Liebscher, Christian H. Minor, Andrew M. TI Diffraction contrast imaging using virtual apertures SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Diffraction imaging; Nanodiffraction; Dark field scanning; Precipitates; Large data; Virtual microscopy ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; STEM; DISLOCATIONS; DETECTOR; IMAGES; ALLOY; PHASE; TEM AB Two methods on how to obtain the full diffraction information from a sample region and the associated reconstruction of images or diffraction patterns using virtual apertures are demonstrated. In a STEMbased approach, diffraction patterns are recorded for each beam position using a small probe convergence angle. Similarly, a tilt series of TEM dark-field images is acquired. The resulting datasets allow the reconstruction of either electron diffraction patterns, or bright-, dark- or annular dark-field images using virtual apertures. The experimental procedures of both methods are presented in the paper and are applied to a precipitation strengthened and creep deformed ferritic alloy with a complex microstructure. The reconstructed virtual images are compared with conventional TEM images. The major advantage is that arbitrarily shaped virtual apertures generated with image processing software can be designed without facing any physical limitations. In addition, any virtual detector that is specifically designed according to the underlying crystal structure can be created to optimize image contrast. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Gammer, Christoph; Ozdol, V. Burak; Liebscher, Christian H.; Minor, Andrew M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gammer, Christoph; Liebscher, Christian H.; Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gammer, Christoph] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Phys Nanostruct Mat, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Gammer, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cgammer@lbl.gov RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Gammer, Christoph/0000-0003-1917-4978 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3397]; Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank Prof. Dunand (Northwestern University) for providing the alloy samples. We also acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [J3397] and the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract #DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 EI 1879-2723 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 155 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.03.015 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA CJ0ZY UT WOS:000355211900001 PM 25840371 ER PT J AU Qi, J Benipal, N Chadderdon, DJ Huo, JJ Jiang, YB Qiu, Y Han, XT Hu, YH Shanks, BH Li, WZ AF Qi, Ji Benipal, Neeva Chadderdon, David J. Huo, Jiajie Jiang, Yibo Qiu, Yang Han, Xiaotong Hu, Yun Hang Shanks, Brent H. Li, Wenzhen TI Carbon nanotubes as catalysts for direct carbohydrazide fuel cells SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; ELECTRODES; OXIDATION; GLYCEROL AB As an alternative to potentially carcinogenic hydrazine for fuel cell application, carbohydrazide, which contains lone electron pairs on nitrogen atoms and readily activated N-H bonds, can be catalytically oxidized over metal-free carbon catalysts due to the high equilibrium electromotive force (1.65 V) of its oxidation reaction. Carbon nanotubes are found to electrochemically catalyze the carbohydrazide oxidation reaction more efficiently than carbon black and multi-layer graphene in alkaline media. With carbon nanotubes as the anode catalyst, anode metal-catalyst-free and completely metal-catalyst-free direct carbohydrazide anion exchange membrane fuel cells are shown here to generate a peak power density of 77.5 mW cm(-2) and 26.5 mW cm(-2), respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qi, Ji; Benipal, Neeva; Chadderdon, David J.; Huo, Jiajie; Qiu, Yang; Han, Xiaotong; Shanks, Brent H.; Li, Wenzhen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Biorenewables Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jiang, Yibo] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hu, Yun Hang] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Li, Wenzhen] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Li, WZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Biorenewables Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wzli@iastate.edu OI Qi, Ji/0000-0002-4435-8181 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1159448]; Iowa State University; Chinese Scholarship Council FX This work is partly supported by the National Science Foundation (CBET-1159448) and Iowa State University startup fund. W. Li thanks Richard Seagrave Professorship's support, and J. Qi is grateful to the financial support from the Chinese Scholarship Council. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.029 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CI2QM UT WOS:000354592100016 ER PT J AU Bacsa, RR Camean, I Ramos, A Garcia, AB Tishkova, V Bacsa, WS Gallagher, JR Miller, JT Navas, H Jourdain, V Girleanu, M Ersen, O Serp, P AF Bacsa, Revathi R. Camean, Ignacio Ramos, Alberto Garcia, Ana B. Tishkova, Victoria Bacsa, Wolfgang S. Gallagher, James R. Miller, Jeffrey T. Navas, Hugo Jourdain, Vincent Girleanu, Maria Ersen, Ovidiu Serp, Philippe TI Few layer graphene synthesis on transition metal ferrite catalysts SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID MONOXIDE-HYDROGEN MIXTURES; CARBON FORMATION; RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY; METHANE PYROLYSIS; DUSTING CORROSION; IRON CATALYSTS; GRAPHITE; SURFACES; COBALT; NANOPARTICLES AB Development of cheap, green and up scalable production methods for graphene is one of the most challenging problems in its manufacture on an industrial scale. We report here a large scale substrate-free fluidized bed catalytic chemical vapour deposition (FB-CCVD) process for few layer graphene (FLG) powder production that uses a crystalline oxide catalyst of the general formula A(x)B(3-x)O(4), wherein the FLG layer thickness and domain sizes can be varied. A and B can be chosen from a list of transition elements including Co, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu and Zn. The best results in terms of activity and selectivity are obtained for the CoxFe3-xO4 system. We also investigated the reaction mechanism using in situ EXAFS and Raman spectroscopy, and electron tomography. Since FB-CCVD processes are already used for industrial scale production of carbon nanotubes, this process should enable the large scale production of free standing FLG in the near future. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bacsa, Revathi R.; Serp, Philippe] Univ Toulouse, Composante ENSIACET, Lab Chim Coordinat UPR CNRS 8241, F-31030 Toulouse 4, France. [Camean, Ignacio; Ramos, Alberto; Garcia, Ana B.] CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon, Oviedo 33011, Spain. [Tishkova, Victoria; Bacsa, Wolfgang S.] Ctr Elaborat Mat & Etud Struct, UPR CNRS 8011, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Gallagher, James R.; Miller, Jeffrey T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60429 USA. [Navas, Hugo; Jourdain, Vincent] Lab Charles Coulomb UMR 5221 CNRS UM2, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Navas, Hugo; Jourdain, Vincent] Lab Charles Coulomb UMR 5221, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Girleanu, Maria; Ersen, Ovidiu] Univ Strasbourg, DSI, IPCMS UMR CNRS 7504, F-67034 Strasbourg, France. RP Serp, P (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Composante ENSIACET, Lab Chim Coordinat UPR CNRS 8241, 4 Allee Emile Monso,CS 44362, F-31030 Toulouse 4, France. EM philippe.serp@ensiacet.fr RI BM, MRCAT/G-7576-2011; Gallagher, James/E-4896-2014; Ramos, Alberto/A-7208-2014; Ersen, Ovidiu/I-1983-2016; OI Gallagher, James/0000-0002-5628-5178; Ramos, Alberto/0000-0001-7993-7864; Garcia, Ana/0000-0003-0935-334X FU European Program POCO [CP-IP 213939-1]; ARKEMA FRANCE; Institute for Atom-efficient Chemical Transformations (IACT); Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]; Department of Energy FX RB and PS thank P. Lonchambon for technical assistance, L. Datas, V. Collier and S. Leblond du Plouy (TEMSCAN, Toulouse University) for TEM and SEM images, E. Castillejos for XPS analysis and B. Machado for TPR measurements. This work has been carried out with the help of funding from the European Program POCO (Large scale collaborative project Grant agreement no.: CP-IP 213939-1) and ARKEMA FRANCE. X-ray adsorption spectroscopy studies by JTM and JRG were supported by the Institute for Atom-efficient Chemical Transformations (IACT), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-ACO2-06CH11357. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 13 U2 100 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 BP 350 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.054 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CI2QM UT WOS:000354592100038 ER PT J AU Qajar, A Holbrook, BM Peer, M Rajagopalan, R Foley, HC Davis, M Mueller, KT AF Qajar, Ali Holbrook, BillyPaul M. Peer, Maryam Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan Foley, Henry C. Davis, Michael Mueller, Karl T. TI Synthesis and characterization of boron substituted carbon deposits on PFA-derived carbon substrates for hydrogen adsorption SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE-LIKE MATERIAL; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; PYROLYTIC CARBON; GAS-PHASE; PORE-SIZE; STORAGE; OXIDATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; ADSORBENTS; SPILLOVER AB The effect of boron substituted carbon (BCx, x similar to 3-5) coatings on the hydrogen adsorption properties of porous carbons was investigated via spectroscopic characterization and hydrogen adsorption measurements. Thin films of BCx were synthesized by reacting BCl3 and benzene in a chemical vapor and then depositing the product as a solid (CVD). The BCx deposits were collected on microporous carbon substrates and mesoporous silica aerogel. High-resolution solid-state boron NMR, B-11 HR-NMR, detected boron atoms in a symmetric chemical environment with trigonal coplanar coordination. Results from analyses based on NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and d-spacings, calculated from electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, indicated that 17 at.% boron was substitutionally incorporated into the carbon framework. Tints the material has an empirical formula of BC4.9. Hydrogen adsorption data were collected at 100 bar and 25 degrees C. The BCx, coatings reduced the surface area of the porous substrates by 30-50%. However, at the same time, they increased the heat of adsorption and the adsorption capacities per unit area by as much as a factor of five. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) revealed wagging energies at 1190 cm(-1) attributable to hydrogen interactions with C-B-C bonds. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qajar, Ali; Peer, Maryam; Foley, Henry C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Holbrook, BillyPaul M.; Foley, Henry C.; Davis, Michael; Mueller, Karl T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Foley, Henry C.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Foley, Henry C.] Univ Missouri Syst, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Mueller, Karl T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Foley, HC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 309 Univ Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ali.qajar@utexas.edu; billypaul.holbrook@mwv.com; mpeer@mit.edu; rur12@psu.edu; foleyh@umsystem.edu; mdavis.nmr@gmail.com; ktm2@psu.edu FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX A portion of this research was performed at EMSL, a DOE Office of Science user facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2015 VL 89 BP 392 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.03.053 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA CI2QM UT WOS:000354592100042 ER PT J AU Li, WX Lin, G AF Li, Weixuan Lin, Guang TI An adaptive importance sampling algorithm for Bayesian inversion with multimodal distributions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Inverse modeling; Uncertainty reduction; Adaptive sampling; Gaussian mixture; Mixture of polynomial chaos expansions ID GENERALIZED POLYNOMIAL CHAOS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; EM ALGORITHM; CALIBRATION; SIMULATIONS; MODELS AB Parametric uncertainties are encountered in the simulations of many physical systems, and may be reduced by an inverse modeling procedure that calibrates the simulation results to observations on the real system being simulated. Following Bayes' rule, a general approach for inverse modeling problems is to sample from the posterior distribution of the uncertain model parameters given the observations. However, the large number of repetitive forward simulations required in the sampling process could pose a prohibitive computational burden. This difficulty is particularly challenging when the posterior is multimodal. We present in this paper an adaptive importance sampling algorithm to tackle these challenges. Two essential ingredients of the algorithm are: 1) a Gaussian mixture (GM) model adaptively constructed as the proposal distribution to approximate the possibly multimodal target posterior, and 2) a mixture of polynomial chaos (PC) expansions, built according to the GM proposal, as a surrogate model to alleviate the computational burden caused by computational-demanding forward model evaluations. In three illustrative examples, the proposed adaptive importance sampling algorithm demonstrates its capabilities of automatically finding a GM proposal with an appropriate number of modes for the specific problem under study, and obtaining a sample accurately and efficiently representing the posterior with limited number of forward simulations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Weixuan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lin, Guang] Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lin, Guang] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Lin, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Math, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM guanglin@purdue.edu RI Li, Weixuan/A-1855-2014; OI Li, Weixuan/0000-0001-6755-3783; Lin, Guang/0000-0002-0976-1987 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program; Multifaceted Mathematics for Complex Energy Systems (M2ACS) project; Collaboratory on Mathematics for Mesoscopic Modeling of Materials project; NSF [DMS-1115887]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program as part of the Multifaceted Mathematics for Complex Energy Systems (M2ACS) project and part of the Collaboratory on Mathematics for Mesoscopic Modeling of Materials project. This work is also partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-1115887. Computations were performed using the computational resources of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Institutional Computing cluster systems and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 294 BP 173 EP 190 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.03.047 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CH6BI UT WOS:000354120200011 ER PT J AU Sadovskyy, IA Koshelev, AE Phillips, CL Karpeyev, DA Glatz, A AF Sadovskyy, I. A. Koshelev, A. E. Phillips, C. L. Karpeyev, D. A. Glatz, A. TI Stable large-scale solver for Ginzburg-Landau equations for superconductors SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ginzburg-Landau; TDGL; Vortex dynamics; Type-II superconductors; GPU ID SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Understanding the interaction of vortices with inclusions in type-II superconductors is a major outstanding challenge both for fundamental science and energy applications. At application-relevant scales, the long-range interactions between a dense configuration of vortices and the dependence of their behavior on external parameters, such as temperature and an applied magnetic field, are all important to the net response of the superconductor. Capturing these features, in general, precludes analytical description of vortex dynamics and has also made numerical simulation prohibitively expensive. Here we report on a highly optimized iterative implicit solver for the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations suitable for investigations of type-II superconductors on massively parallel architectures. Its main purpose is to study vortex dynamics in disordered or geometrically confined mesoscopic systems. In this work, we present the discretization and time integration scheme in detail for two types of boundary conditions. We describe the necessary conditions for a stable and physically accurate integration of the equations of motion. Using an inclusion pattern generator, we can simulate complex pinning landscapes and the effect of geometric confinement. We show that our algorithm, implemented on a GPU, can provide static and dynamic solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau equations for mesoscopically large systems over thousands of time steps in a matter of hours. Using our formulation, studying scientifically-relevant problems is a computationally reasonable task. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sadovskyy, I. A.; Koshelev, A. E.; Glatz, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60639 USA. [Phillips, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60639 USA. [Karpeyev, D. A.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Glatz, A.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Sadovskyy, IA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60639 USA. EM ivan.sadovsky@gmail.com RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 FU Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Basic Energy Sciences; Office of the Director through the Named Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Aneesur Rahman Postdoctoral Fellowship), Argonne National Laboratory FX We are delighted to thank I.S. Aranson for useful discussions. The work was supported by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Basic Energy Sciences. C.L.P. was funded by the Office of the Director through the Named Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Aneesur Rahman Postdoctoral Fellowship), Argonne National Laboratory. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 294 BP 639 EP 654 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.04.002 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA CH6BI UT WOS:000354120200035 ER PT J AU Reimund, KK McCutcheon, JR Wilson, AD AF Reimund, Kevin K. McCutcheon, Jeffrey R. Wilson, Aaron D. TI Thermodynamic analysis of energy density in pressure retarded osmosis: The impact of solution volumes and costs SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pressure retarded osmosis; Thermodynamic analysis; Osmotic heat engine; Osmotic energy/storage generation; Osmotically driven membrane process ID SUSTAINABLE POWER-GENERATION; SWITCHABLE POLARITY SOLVENTS; SALINITY-GRADIENT POWER; DRAW SOLUTES; SEAWATER DESALINATION; OSMOTIC POWER; REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS; MEMBRANE PROCESSES; WATER; PERFORMANCE AB A general method was developed for estimating the volumetric energy efficiency of pressure retarded osmosis via pressure-volume analysis of a membrane process. The resulting model requires only the osmotic pressure, pi, and mass fraction, w, of water in the concentrated and dilute feed solutions to estimate the maximum achievable specific energy density, u, as a function of operating pressure. The model is independent of any membrane or module properties. This method utilizes equilibrium analysis to specify the volumetric mixing fraction of concentrated and dilute solution as a function of operating pressure, and provides results for the total volumetric energy density of similar order to more complex models for the mixing of seawater and riverwater Within the framework of this analysis, the total volumetric energy density is maximized, for an idealized case, when the operating pressure is pi/(1+root w(-1)), which is lower than the maximum power density operating pressure, Delta pi/2 drived elsewhere, and is a function of the solute osmotic pressure at a given mass fraction. It was also found that a minimum 1.45 kmol of ideal solute is required to produce 1 kWh of energy while a system operating at "maximum power density operating pressure" requires at least 2.9 kmol. Utilizing this methodology, it is possible to examine the effects of volumetric solution cost, operation of a module at various pressure, and operation of a constant pressure module with various feed. (C) 2015 Elsevier By. All rights reserved. C1 [Reimund, Kevin K.; McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Wilson, Aaron D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wilson, AD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM aaron.wilson@inl.gov RI Wilson, Aaron/C-4364-2008 OI Wilson, Aaron/0000-0001-5865-6537 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC07-051D14517]; Idaho National Laboratory via the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy through contract DE-AC07-051D14517. Funding was supplied by Idaho National Laboratory via the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. The authors thank Prof. Nathan Tefft of Bates College for discussion concerning the mathamatics. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 EI 1873-3123 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 487 BP 240 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.03.076 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA CI1GF UT WOS:000354490700026 ER PT J AU Pardo, RC Bogaty, J Sharamentov, S Rehm, KE AF Pardo, R. C. Bogaty, J. Sharamentov, S. Rehm, K. E. TI An RF beam sweeper for purifying in-flight produced secondary ion beams at ATLAS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Radioactive beam; In-flight production; RF sweeper; Beam optics AB A new large-acceptance RE beam sweeper was designed, constructed and put into operation with the goal to remove the energy-degraded primary beams tails from radioactive beams (RIB) produced by inflight transfer or charge-exchange reactions. The system makes use of the velocity difference between the RIB beam of interest and the remaining tails of the primary beam after momentum selection by a bending magnet. The time-delayed primary beam components are deflected vertically out of the beam path by the RF sweeper, significantly reducing the stable beam background. Beam purity for the in-flight radioactive ion beams as high as 96% has been achieved with this system. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, C1 [Pardo, R. C.; Bogaty, J.; Sharamentov, S.; Rehm, K. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pardo, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pardo@anl.gov OI Pardo, Richard/0000-0002-8264-9430 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract number DE-ACO2-06CH11357, This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 790 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2015.03.046 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA CI6ME UT WOS:000354872600001 ER PT J AU Montgomery, RA Hoek, M Lucherini, V Mirazita, M Orlandi, A Pereira, SA Pisano, S Rossi, P Viticchie, A Witchger, A AF Montgomery, R. A. Hoek, M. Lucherini, V. Mirazita, M. Orlandi, A. Pereira, S. Anefalos Pisano, S. Rossi, P. Viticchie, A. Witchger, A. TI Investigation of Hamamatsu H8500 phototubes as single photon detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Photon detection; PMT; MAPMT; H8500; RICH; CLAS12 ID PHOTOMULTIPLIER AB We have investigated the response of a significant sample of Hamamatsu H8500 MultiAnode Photo-Multiplier Tubes (MAPMTs) as single photon detectors, in view of their use in a ring imaging Cherenkov counter for the CLAS12 spectrometer at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. For this, a laser working at 407.2 nm wavelength was employed. The sample is divided equally into standard window type, with a spectral response in the visible light region, and UV-enhanced window type MAPMTs. The studies confirm the suitability of these MAPMTs for single photon detection in such a Cherenkov imaging application. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Montgomery, R. A.; Lucherini, V.; Mirazita, M.; Orlandi, A.; Pereira, S. Anefalos; Pisano, S.; Rossi, P.; Viticchie, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Hoek, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Rossi, P.] Jefferson Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Witchger, A.] Duquesne Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Montgomery, RA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, 2401 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 790 BP 28 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2015.03.068 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA CI6ME UT WOS:000354872600006 ER PT J AU Torrico, MN Boll, RA Matos, M AF Torrico, M. N. Boll, R. A. Matos, M. TI Electrodeposition of actinide compounds from an aqueous ammonium acetate matrix: Experimental development and optimization SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Electrode position; Molecular Plating; Sources; Targets; Tracers ID TARGETS AB Electrodeposition is a technique routinely employed in nuclear research for the preparation of thin solid Films of actinide materials used in accelerator beam bombardments, irradiation studies, or as radioactive sources. This study investigates the deposition of both lanthanides and actinides from an aqueous ammonium acetate electrolyte matrix. Electrodepositions were performed primarily on stainless steel disks, with yield analysis evaluated using gamma-spectroscopy. Experimental parameters (run time, current density, voltage, electrolyte concentration, and initial analyte mass) were studied and modified to optimize the uniformity and adherence of the deposition while maximizing yield. The procedure utilized samarium as the plating material, both with and without a radioactive tracer. Surface characterization studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, radiographic imaging, and x-ray diffraction. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Torrico, M. N.; Boll, R. A.; Matos, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Secur & Isotope Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Torrico, MN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Secur & Isotope Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM illuminedmachine@gmail.com RI Boll, Rose/C-4138-2016 OI Boll, Rose/0000-0003-2507-4834 FU Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Physics, Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications Program under DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors would like to thank the Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Physics, Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications Program, for supporting this research under DOE contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work was performed at the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under the supervision of the Nuclear Materials Processing Group (NMPG), which is part of the Nuclear Security and Isotopes Technology Division (NSITD). Additionally, instrumentation and analyses were provided by ORNL, particularly the High Temperature Materials Laboratory (HTML). Special thanks to Robbie Meisner, Shawn Reeves, Donovan Leonard, and the Microscopy team at the HTML at ORNL for their work in x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy and for assistance with imaging. Also thanks to Sandra Davern for radiographic imaging and to Clarice Phelps and Donny McInturff of REDC for materials and chemical support. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 790 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2015.03.056 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA CI6ME UT WOS:000354872600009 ER PT J AU Liu, M Gomez, JC Turchi, CS Tay, NHS Saman, W Bruno, F AF Liu, Ming Gomez, J. C. Turchi, C. S. Tay, N. H. S. Saman, W. Bruno, F. TI Determination of thermo-physical properties and stability testing of high-temperature phase-change materials for CSP applications SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Concentrating solar power; Phase change materials; Thermo-physical properties; Thermal stability; Thermal cycling; Sub-cooling ID LATENT-HEAT STORAGE; SOLAR POWER-PLANTS; ENERGY-STORAGE; PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT; SYSTEMS; SELECTION; PCMS AB This paper presents the thermo-physical properties and stability testing results of six high-temperature phase-change candidate materials for potential use as a cascaded storage system for concentrating solar power applications. This type of storage is a promising technology because it offers a higher utilization of the possible phase change and a more uniform heat-transfer fluid outlet temperature, compared with the single phase-change material (PCM) storage system. The tested materials were inorganic eutectic PCMs with reported phase-change temperatures between 300 degrees C and 600 degrees C. Four PCMs were made from carbonate salts (Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Li2CO3) and two from chloride salts (NaCl, MgCl2, and KCl). The phase-change temperature, phase-change enthalpy, and specific heat of these PCMs were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter. Large material samples were tested in an oven subjected to multiple melt-freeze cycles. The results showed that the carbonate PCMs have a very high degree of sub-cooling in the initial cycles, which decreased in subsequent cycles. The chloride PCMs have a negligible degree of sub-cooling. There is some disagreement between the measured and reported thermo-physical property values of the tested materials, which demonstrates the uncertainty associated with published property values. One carbonate PCM and one chloride PCM were recommended as promising latent heat storage materials. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Ming; Tay, N. H. S.; Saman, W.; Bruno, F.] Univ S Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. [Gomez, J. C.; Turchi, C. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Concentrating Solar Power Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, M (reprint author), Univ S Australia, Barbara Hardy Inst, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia. EM ming.liu@unisa.edu.au RI Bruno, Frank/A-4840-2010; Saman, Wasim/A-3984-2008 OI Bruno, Frank/0000-0002-1805-0036; Saman, Wasim/0000-0001-9732-5597 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; Australian Government, through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA); Australian Government, through ARENA FX The work at NREL was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC36-08-GO28308. M. Liu and N.H.S. Tay are funded through individual fellowships provided by the Australian Government, through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). This research was performed as part of the Australian Solar Thermal Research Initiative (ASTRI), a project supported by the Australian Government, through ARENA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD AUG PY 2015 VL 139 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.03.014 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA CI2OB UT WOS:000354585800010 ER PT J AU Cingarapu, S Singh, D Timofeeva, EV Moravek, MR AF Cingarapu, Sreeram Singh, Dileep Timofeeva, Elena V. Moravek, Michael R. TI Use of encapsulated zinc particles in a eutectic chloride salt to enhance thermal energy storage capacity for concentrated solar power SO RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Encapsulation; Phase change; Thermal energy storage; Eutectic salt; Zinc; Thermal conductivity ID TRIOCTYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE; PHASE-CHANGE; HEAT; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSCOPY AB Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is considered as a viable large-scale renewable energy source to produce electricity. However, current costs to produce electricity from CSP are not cost competitive as compared to the traditional energy generation technologies based on fossil fuels and nuclear. It is envisioned that development of high efficiency and high heat capacity thermal storage fluids will increase system efficiency, reduce structural storage volume, and hence, contribute to reducing costs. Particularly, with respect to CSP, current high temperature energy storage fluids, such as molten salts, are relatively limited in terms of their thermal energy storage capacity and thermal conductivity. The current work explores possibility of boosting the thermal storage capacity of molten salts through latent heat of added phase change materials. We studied the advantage Of adding coated Zn micron-sized particles to alkali chloride salt eutectic for enhanced thermal energy storage. Zinc particles (0.6 mu m and 5 mu m) obtained from commercial source were coated with an organo-phosphorus shell to improve chemical stability and to prevent individual particles from coalescing with one another during melt/freeze cycles. Thermal cycling tests (200 melt/freeze cycles) showed that coated Zn particles have good thermal stability and are chemically inert to alkali chloride salt eutectic in both N-2 and in air atmospheres. Elemental mapping of the cross-sectional view of coated Zn particles from the composite after thermal cycles showed no signs of oxidation, agglomeration or other type of particle degradation. The measured enhancement in volumetric thermal storage capacity of the composite with just similar to 10 vol% of coated Zn particles over the base chloride salt eutectic varies from 15% to 34% depending on cycling temperature range (Delta T = 50 degrees C -100 degrees C. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cingarapu, Sreeram; Singh, Dileep; Timofeeva, Elena V.; Moravek, Michael R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dsingh@anl.gov OI Timofeeva, Elena V./0000-0001-7839-2727 FU US Department of Energy's EERE Solar Energy Technology Program - ARRA; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We appreciate help from Dr. Jon Hiller and Dr. Rachel E. Koritala in conducting FIB-SEM and TEM. This work was supported by US Department of Energy's EERE Solar Energy Technology Program - ARRA funding. Fruitful discussions with DOE project monitors Joe Stekli and Levi Irwin are much appreciated. The electron microscopy was accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-1481 J9 RENEW ENERG JI Renew. Energy PD AUG PY 2015 VL 80 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.renene.2015.02.026 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA CH0SI UT WOS:000353732300053 ER PT J AU O'Brien, SL Jastrow, JD Grimley, DA Gonzalez-Meler, MA AF O'Brien, Sarah L. Jastrow, Julie D. Grimley, David A. Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel A. TI Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon stocks in restored grasslands SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Drainage; Restored prairie; Soil organic matter; Texture ID MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; AGGREGATE STABILIZATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; MATTER; CULTIVATION; SEQUESTRATION; NITROGEN; TEXTURE; MECHANISMS AB Cultivation of undisturbed soils dramatically depletes organic carbon stocks at shallow depths, releasing a substantial quantity of stored carbon to the atmosphere. Restoration of native ecosystems can help degraded soils rebuild a portion of the depleted soil organic matter. However, the rate and magnitude of soil carbon accrual can be highly variable from site to site. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling soil organic carbon stocks is necessary to improve predictions of soil carbon recovery. We measured soil organic carbon stocks and a suite of edaphic factors in the upper 10 cm of a series of restored tallgrass prairies representing a range of drainage conditions. Our findings suggest that factors related to soil organic matter stabilization mechanisms (texture, polyvalent cations) were key predictors of soil organic carbon, along with variables that influence plant and microbial biomass (available phosphorus, pH) and soil moisture. Exchangeable soil calcium was the strongest single predictor, explaining 74% of the variation in soil organic carbon, followed by clay content, which explained 52% of the variation. Our results demonstrate that the cumulative effects of even relatively small differences in these edaphic properties can have a large impact on soil carbon stocks when integrated over several decades. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [O'Brien, Sarah L.; Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [O'Brien, Sarah L.; Jastrow, Julie D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Grimley, David A.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP O'Brien, SL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sobrien@anl.gov OI Gonzalez-Meler, Miquel/0000-0001-5388-7969 FU U.S. Department of Energy Global Change Education Program Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; University of Illinois at Chicago Deiss Award FX SLO was supported by a U.S. Department of Energy Global Change Education Program Graduate Research Environmental Fellowship. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Science Division under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 to Argonne National Laboratory, and by a University of Illinois at Chicago Deiss Award for graduate research to SLO. We thank Fermilab personnel who established and maintain the prairies. We are grateful to Tim Vugteveen, Susan Kirt, and Dave Clarke for their help in collecting soil samples and to Kelly Moran for her assistance in the lab. We also acknowledge Mike Miller for providing invaluable statistical advice and Kelly Moran, Thomas Boutton, Roser Matamala, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript NR 72 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 14 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD AUG PY 2015 VL 251 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.03.023 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA CH0ZR UT WOS:000353751400011 ER PT J AU Ahn, TH Sandu, A Watson, LT Shaffer, CA Cao, Y Baumann, WT AF Ahn, Tae-Hyuk Sandu, Adrian Watson, Layne T. Shaffer, Clifford A. Cao, Yang Baumann, William T. TI A Framework to Analyze the Performance of Load Balancing Schemes for Ensembles of Stochastic Simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE Dynamic load balancing (DLB); Probabilistic framework analysis; Ensemble simulations; Stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA); High-performance computing (HPC); Budding yeast cell cycle ID BUDDING YEAST; PARALLEL PROCESSORS; ALGORITHMS; SEARCH AB Ensembles of simulations are employed to estimate the statistics of possible future states of a system, and are widely used in important applications such as climate change and biological modeling. Ensembles of runs can naturally be executed in parallel. However, when the CPU times of individual simulations vary considerably, a simple strategy of assigning an equal number of tasks per processor can lead to serious work imbalances and low parallel efficiency. This paper presents a new probabilistic framework to analyze the performance of dynamic load balancing algorithms for ensembles of simulations where many tasks are mapped onto each processor, and where the individual compute times vary considerably among tasks. Four load balancing strategies are discussed: most-dividing, all-redistribution, random-polling, and neighbor-redistribution. Simulation results with a stochastic budding yeast cell cycle model are consistent with the theoretical analysis. It is especially significant that there is a provable global decrease in load imbalance for the local rebalancing algorithms due to scalability concerns for the global rebalancing algorithms. The overall simulation time is reduced by up to 25 %, and the total processor idle time by 85 %. C1 [Ahn, Tae-Hyuk] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sandu, Adrian; Shaffer, Clifford A.; Cao, Yang] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Watson, Layne T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Watson, Layne T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Math, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Watson, Layne T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Baumann, William T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ahn, TH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ahnt@ornl.gov; sandu@cs.vt.edu; ltw@cs.vt.edu; shaffer@cs.vt.edu; ycao@cs.vt.edu; baumann@vt.edu FU [NIGMS/NIH 5 R01 GM078989]; [AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0153]; [NSF DMS-0540675]; [NSF CCF-0916493]; [NSF OCI-0904397]; [NSF DMS-1225160]; [NSF CCF-0953590] FX The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve this work. This work is supported in part by awards NIGMS/NIH 5 R01 GM078989, AFOSR FA9550-09-1-0153, NSF DMS-0540675, NSF CCF-0916493, NSF OCI-0904397, NSF DMS-1225160, and NSF CCF-0953590. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7458 EI 1573-7640 J9 INT J PARALLEL PROG JI Int. J. Parallel Program. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 43 IS 4 BP 597 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s10766-014-0309-6 PG 34 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA CF1EU UT WOS:000352287300003 ER PT J AU Cools, S Ghysels, P van Aarle, W Sijbers, J Vanroose, W AF Cools, Siegfried Ghysels, Pieter van Aarle, Wim Sijbers, Jan Vanroose, Wim TI A multi-level preconditioned Krylov method for the efficient solution of algebraic tomographic reconstruction problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Tomography; Algebraic reconstruction; Krylov methods; Preconditioning; Multigrid; Wavelets ID ELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; LEAST-SQUARES; WAVELETS AB Classical iterative methods for tomographic reconstruction include the class of Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART). Convergence of these stationary linear iterative methods is however notably slow. In this paper we propose the use of Krylov solvers for tomographic linear inversion problems. These advanced iterative methods feature fast convergence at the expense of a higher computational cost per iteration, causing them to be generally uncompetitive without the inclusion of a suitable preconditioner. Combining elements from standard multigrid (MG) solvers and the theory of wavelets, a novel wavelet-based multi-level (WMG) preconditioner is introduced, which is shown to significantly speed-up Krylov convergence. The performance of the WMG-preconditioned Krylov method is analyzed through a spectral analysis, and the approach is compared to existing methods like the classical Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) and unpreconditioned Krylov methods on a 2D tomographic benchmark problem. Numerical experiments are promising, showing the method to be competitive with the classical Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques in terms of convergence speed and overall performance (CPU time) as well as precision of the reconstruction. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cools, Siegfried; Vanroose, Wim] Univ Antwerp, Appl Math Grp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Ghysels, Pieter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Future Technol Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Aarle, Wim; Sijbers, Jan] Univ Antwerp, IMinds Vis Lab, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Cools, S (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Appl Math Grp, Middelheimlaan 1, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. EM siegfried.cools@uantwerp.be RI Sijbers, Jan/H-4324-2015; Sijbers, Jan/A-5531-2012 OI Sijbers, Jan/0000-0003-4225-2487; Sijbers, Jan/0000-0003-4225-2487 FU Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) [G.0.120.08]; Krediet aan navorser project [1.5.145.10]; Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT); Intel FX This research was partly funded by the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) project G.0.120.08 and Krediet aan navorser project number 1.5.145.10. Additionally, this work was partly funded by Intel and the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 EI 1879-1778 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD AUG 1 PY 2015 VL 283 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2014.12.044 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA CE2KR UT WOS:000351645000001 ER PT J AU Granados, C Weiss, C AF Granados, C. Weiss, C. TI Light-front representation of chiral dynamics in peripheral transverse densities SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic Processes and Properties; Chiral Lagrangians; Parton Model ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; FORM-FACTORS; NUCLEON; RENORMALIZATION AB The nucleon's electromagnetic form factors are expressed in terms of the transverse densities of charge and magnetization at fixed light-front time. At peripheral transverse distances b - O(M-pi(-1)) the densities are governed by chiral dynamics anti can be calculated model-independently using chiral effective field theory (EFT). We represent the leading-order chiral EFT results for the peripheral transverse densities as overlap integrals of chiral light-front wave functions, describing the transition of the initial nucleon to soft pion-nucleon intermediate states and back. The new representation (a) explains the parametric order of the peripheral transverse densities; (b) establishes an inequality between the spin-independent and -dependent densities; (c) exposes the role of pion orbital angular momentum in chiral dynamics; (d) reveals a large left-right asymmetry of the current in a transversely polarized nucleon and suggests a simple interpretation. The light-front representation enables a first-quantized, quantum-mechanical view of chiral dynamics that is fully relativistic and exactly equivalent to the second-quantized, field-theoretical formulation. It relates the charge and magnetization densities measured in low-energy elastic scattering to the generalized parton distributions probed in peripheral high-energy scattering processes. The method can be applied to nucleon form factors of other operators, e.g. the energy-momentum tensor. C1 [Granados, C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Weiss, C.] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Granados, C (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. EM carlos.granados@physics.uu.se; weiss@jlab.org FU Jefferson Science Associates, TIC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, TIC under U.S. DOE Contract, No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL 31 PY 2015 IS 7 AR 170 DI 10.1007/JHEP07(2015)170 PG 42 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CO1PO UT WOS:000358927700002 ER PT J AU Reichhardt, C Ray, D Reichhardt, CJO AF Reichhardt, C. Ray, D. Reichhardt, C. J. Olson TI Magnus-induced ratchet effects for skyrmions interacting with asymmetric substrates SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE skyrmion; ratchet; substrate ID MAGNETIC SKYRMIONS; MOTION; TRANSPORT; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DENSITY; LATTICE AB We show using numerical simulations that pronounced ratchet effects can occur for ac driven skyrmions moving over asymmetric quasi-one-dimensional substrates. We find a new type of ratchet effect called a Magnus-induced transverse ratchet that arises when the ac driving force is applied perpendicular rather than parallel to the asymmetry direction of the substrate. This transverse ratchet effect only occurs when the Magnus term is finite, and the threshold ac amplitude needed to induce it decreases as the Magnus term becomes more prominent. Ratcheting skyrmions follow ordered orbits in which the net displacement parallel to the substrate asymmetry direction is quantized. Skyrmion ratchets represent a new ac current-based method for controlling skyrmion positions and motion for spintronic applications. C1 [Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichhardt, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjrx@lanl.gov OI Reichhardt, Cynthia/0000-0002-3487-5089 FU NNSA of the US DoE at LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Center for Nonlinear Studies FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the NNSA of the US DoE at LANL under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. DR acknowledges support provided by the Center for Nonlinear Studies. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 17 AR 073034 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/17/7/073034 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO4MO UT WOS:000359135100007 ER PT J AU Buchmann, LF Stamper-Kurn, DM AF Buchmann, L. F. Stamper-Kurn, D. M. TI Nondegenerate multimode optomechanics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS; MECHANICAL RESONATOR; QUANTUM LIMIT AB We theoretically investigate interactions between nondegenerate mechanical oscillators mediated by a time-dependent cavity field. We obtain a reduced master equation valid for all optomechanical systems operating in the weak-coupling regime. This master equation includes all forms of decoherence and backaction due to the dissipation of the field mediating the interaction. We apply the master equation to study two resonant coupling schemes within a rotating-wave approximation: the beam-splitter Hamiltonian and the two-mode parametric amplifier. In both cases, the effective unitary interaction can be made arbitrarily strong compared to the decoherence due to dissipation of the mediating field by choosing appropriate detunings. C1 [Buchmann, L. F.; Stamper-Kurn, D. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stamper-Kurn, D. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Buchmann, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Buchmann, Lukas/0000-0002-2527-6789 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research, NSF; Swiss National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, NSF and a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013851 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.013851 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CO0KK UT WOS:000358839600011 ER PT J AU Cesare, C Landahl, AJ Bacon, D Flammia, ST Neels, A AF Cesare, Chris Landahl, Andrew J. Bacon, Dave Flammia, Steven T. Neels, Alice TI Adiabatic topological quantum computing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ERROR-CORRECTION; COMPUTATION; ANYONS; COMPLEXITY; LATTICE; MEMORY; MODEL AB Topological quantum computing promises error-resistant quantum computation without active error correction. However, there is a worry that during the process of executing quantum gates by braiding anyons around each other, extra anyonic excitations will be created that will disorder the encoded quantum information. Here, we explore this question in detail by studying adiabatic code deformations on Hamiltonians based on topological codes, notably Kitaev's surface codes and the more recently discovered color codes. We develop protocols that enable universal quantum computing by adiabatic evolution in a way that keeps the energy gap of the system constant with respect to the computation size and introduces only simple local Hamiltonian interactions. This allows one to perform holonomic quantum computing with these topological quantum computing systems. The tools we develop allow one to go beyond numerical simulations and understand these processes analytically. C1 [Cesare, Chris; Landahl, Andrew J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Quantum Informat & Control, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cesare, Chris; Landahl, Andrew J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Landahl, Andrew J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Device Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bacon, Dave; Neels, Alice] Univ Washington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bacon, Dave] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Flammia, Steven T.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Ctr Engn Quantum Syst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Cesare, C (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Quantum Informat & Control, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM chris.cesare@gmail.com; alandahl@sandia.gov; dabacon@gmail.com; sflammia@physics.usyd.edu.au; aliceen@gmail.com RI Flammia, Steven/C-8637-2009 OI Flammia, Steven/0000-0002-3975-0226 FU NSF [0829944, 0621621, 0803478, 0829937, 091640]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; AFOSR [FA9550-09-1-0044]; US Army Research Office [W911NF-14-1-0098, W911NF-14-1-0103]; IARPA MQCO program; ARC via EQuS [CE11001013]; ARC Future Fellowship [FT130101744] FX C.C. and A.J.L. were supported in part by NSF Grant No. 0829944. C.C. and A.J.L. were supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. D.B. and A.N. were supported in part by NSF Grants No. 0621621, No. 0803478, No. 0829937, and No. 091640. D.B. was supported in part by the DARPA/MTO QuEST program through Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0044 from AFOSR. S.T.F. was supported by the IARPA MQCO program, by the US Army Research Office Grants No. W911NF-14-1-0098 and No. W911NF-14-1-0103, by the ARC via EQuS Project No. CE11001013, and by an ARC Future Fellowship FT130101744. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012336 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.92.012336 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA CO0KK UT WOS:000358839600002 ER PT J AU Wang, JW Zhang, Y Wang, LW AF Wang, Jianwei Zhang, Yong Wang, Lin-Wang TI Systematic approach for simultaneously correcting the band-gap and p-d separation errors of common cation III-V or II-VI binaries in density functional theory calculations within a local density approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ZINCBLENDE STRUCTURE; GROUND-STATE; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; PARAMETERS; ALLOYS; INSULATORS AB We propose a systematic approach that can empirically correct three major errors typically found in a density functional theory (DFT) calculation within the local density approximation (LDA) simultaneously for a set of common cation binary semiconductors, such as III-V compounds, (Ga or In) X with X = N, P, As, Sb, and II-VI compounds, (Zn or Cd) X, with X = O, S, Se, Te. By correcting (1) the binary band gaps at high-symmetry points Gamma, L, X, (2) the separation of p-and d-orbital-derived valence bands, and (3) conduction band effective masses to experimental values and doing so simultaneously for common cation binaries, the resulting DFT-LDA-based quasi-first-principles method can be used to predict the electronic structure of complex materials involving multiple binaries with comparable accuracy but much less computational cost than a GW level theory. This approach provides an efficient way to evaluate the electronic structures and other material properties of complex systems, much needed for material discovery and design. C1 [Wang, Jianwei; Zhang, Yong] Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Wang, Lin-Wang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, JW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM yong.zhang@uncc.edu FU U.S. ARO/MURI Program [Army W911NF-10-1-0524]; Bissell Distinguished Professorship; Director, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science/Materials Science and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Work at UNCC was supported by the U.S. ARO/MURI Program (Grant No. Army W911NF-10-1-0524). Y.Z. acknowledges support of the Bissell Distinguished Professorship. L.W.W.'s work is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science/Materials Science and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 through the Materials Theory program. This work used computational resources at NERSC. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 4 AR 045211 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.045211 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO0MU UT WOS:000358846600006 ER PT J AU Wulferding, D Yang, I Yang, J Lee, M Choi, HC Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Yeom, HW Kim, J AF Wulferding, Dirk Yang, Ilkyu Yang, Jinho Lee, Minkyung Choi, Hee Cheul Bud'ko, Sergey L. Canfield, Paul C. Yeom, Han Woong Kim, Jeehoon TI Spatially resolved penetration depth measurements and vortex manipulation in the ferromagnetic superconductor ErNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; PHASE; COEXISTENCE; VORTICES; STATE AB We present a local probe study of the magnetic superconductor ErNi2B2C, using magnetic force microscopy at sub-Kelvin temperatures. ErNi2B2C is an ideal system to explore the effects of concomitant superconductivity and ferromagnetism. At 500 mK, far below the transition to a weakly ferromagnetic state, we directly observe a structured magnetic background on the micrometer scale. We determine spatially resolved absolute values of the magnetic penetration depth. and study its temperature dependence as the system undergoes magnetic phase transitions from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic, and to weak ferromagnetic, all within the superconducting regime. In addition, we estimate the absolute pinning force of Abrikosov vortices, which shows a position dependence and temperature dependence as well, and discuss the possibility of the purported spontaneous vortex formation. C1 [Wulferding, Dirk; Yang, Ilkyu; Yang, Jinho; Lee, Minkyung; Choi, Hee Cheul; Yeom, Han Woong; Kim, Jeehoon] Inst for Basic Sci Korea, Ctr Artificial Low Dimens Elect Syst, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Wulferding, Dirk; Yang, Ilkyu; Yang, Jinho; Kim, Jeehoon] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Lee, Minkyung; Choi, Hee Cheul] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Inst for Basic Sci Korea, Ctr Artificial Low Dimens Elect Syst, 77 Cheongam Ro, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM jeehoon@postech.ac.kr OI Wulferding, Dirk/0000-0003-4279-2109 FU Institute for Basic Science [IBS-R014-D1]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We acknowledge important discussions with O. E. Ayala-Valenzuela. This work was supported by the Institute for Basic Science, Grant No. IBS-R014-D1. Work done by P.C.C. and S.L.B. was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. Their research was performed at the Ames Laboratory. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 014517 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.014517 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO0LE UT WOS:000358841900002 ER PT J AU Pollock, BB Tsung, FS Albert, F Shaw, JL Clayton, CE Davidson, A Lemos, N Marsh, KA Pak, A Ralph, JE Mori, WB Joshi, C AF Pollock, B. B. Tsung, F. S. Albert, F. Shaw, J. L. Clayton, C. E. Davidson, A. Lemos, N. Marsh, K. A. Pak, A. Ralph, J. E. Mori, W. B. Joshi, C. TI Formation of Ultrarelativistic Electron Rings from a Laser-Wakefield Accelerator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; WAVES AB Ultrarelativistic-energy electron ring structures have been observed from laser-wakefield acceleration experiments in the blowout regime. These electron rings had 170-280 MeVenergies with 5%-25% energy spread and similar to 10 pC of charge and were observed over a range of plasma densities and compositions. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations show that laser intensity enhancement in the wake leads to sheath splitting and the formation of a hollow toroidal pocket in the electron density around the wake behind the first wake period. If the laser propagates over a distance greater than the ideal dephasing length, some of the dephasing electrons in the second period can become trapped within the pocket and form an ultrarelativistic electron ring that propagates in free space over a meter-scale distance upon exiting the plasma. Such a structure acts as a relativistic potential well, which has applications for accelerating positively charged particles such as positrons. C1 [Pollock, B. B.; Albert, F.; Pak, A.; Ralph, J. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Tsung, F. S.; Shaw, J. L.; Clayton, C. E.; Davidson, A.; Lemos, N.; Marsh, K. A.; Mori, W. B.; Joshi, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Pollock, BB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pollock6@llnl.gov RI Albert, Felicie/G-2645-2013 FU Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of California at Los Angeles [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-SC0008316, DE-SC0008491, DE-NA0001833]; NSF [ACI 1339893]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program [013-LW-076] FX We thank S. H. Glenzer and J. D. Moody for the useful discussions and acknowledge R. Cauble, S. Maricle, and J. Bonlie of the Callisto laser system. This work was performed under the auspices of the Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the University of California at Los Angeles under Contracts No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, No. DE-SC0008316, No. DE-SC0008491, and No. DE-NA0001833, and NSF Grant No. ACI 1339893. This work was partially funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program under Project Tracking Code No. 013-LW-076. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 5 AR 055004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.055004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO0SS UT WOS:000358863400005 PM 26274427 ER PT J AU Austin, KG Price, LL McGraw, SM Lieberman, HR AF Austin, Krista G. Price, Lori Lyn McGraw, Susan M. Lieberman, Harris R. TI Predictors of Dietary Supplement Use by US Coast Guard Personnel SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ARMY SOLDIERS AB Background Personnel in Armed Forces entities such as the US Coast Guard (USCG) engage in strenuous tasks requiring high levels of physiological and psychological fitness. Previous reports have found increased prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use by military personnel to meet the demands of their occupation. Objective This study assessed DS prevalence and patterns of use in USCG personnel and compared these findings to reports from other Armed Forces personnel. Design Use of DS by USCG personnel (n = 1059) was assessed by survey at USCG installations. Data were weighted by age, sex, and rank to be representative of total USCG demographics. Results Seventy percent of USCG personnel reported using a DS at least 1 time/wk. Thirty-three percent used 1-2 DS >= 1 time/wk, 18% 3-4 DS >= 1 time/wk, and almost 19% >= 5 DS >= 1 time/wk. Average expenditure on DSs by UCSG personnel was $40/mo. More than 47% of USCG personnel used a multivitamin and mineral, 33% consumed protein supplements, 22% used individual vitamins and minerals, 23% reported taking combination products, and 9% consumed herbal supplements. Increased use of DS use was associated with high intensity operational occupations, participating in high volumes of aerobic exercise and strength training. Use of DS was not associated with age, education or body mass index. Conclusion Occupation is an important determinate of DS use. Prevalence of DS use by USCG personnel is greater than reported for other Armed Forces personnel and reflects high levels of participation in aerobic and strength training activities. C1 [Austin, Krista G.; McGraw, Susan M.; Lieberman, Harris R.] US Army, Mil Nutr Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Austin, Krista G.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. [Price, Lori Lyn] Tufts Univ, Inst Clin Res & Hlth Policy Studies, Tufts Med Ctr, Tufts Clin & Translat Sci Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lieberman, HR (reprint author), US Army, Mil Nutr Div, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. EM harris.r.lieberman.civ@mail.mil FU United States Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC); Department of Defense Center Alliance for Dietary Supplement Research FX This work was supported by the United States Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC) and the Department of Defense Center Alliance for Dietary Supplement Research. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0133006 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0133006 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0JY UT WOS:000358838400024 PM 26230407 ER PT J AU Winder, EM Bonheyo, GT AF Winder, Eric M. Bonheyo, George T. TI DNA Persistence in a Sink Drain Environment SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; PCR; MICROCOSMS; BIOFILMS; MATRIX; TISSUE AB Biofilms are organized structures composed mainly of cells and extracellular polymeric substances produced by the constituent microorganisms. Ubiquitous in nature, biofilms have an innate ability to capture and retain passing material and may therefore act as natural collectors of contaminants or signatures of upstream activities. To determine the persistence and detectability of DNA passing through a sink drain environment, Bacillus anthracis strain Ames35 was cultured (6.35 x 10(7) CFU/mL), sterilized, and disposed of by addition to a sink drain apparatus with an established biofilm. The sink drain apparatus was sampled before and for several days after the addition of the sterilized B. anthracis culture to detect the presence of B. anthracis DNA. Multiple PCR primer pairs were used to screen for chromosomal and plasmid DNA with primers targeting shorter sequences showing greater amplification efficiency and success. PCR amplification and detection of target sequences indicate persistence of chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA in the biofilm for 5 or more and 14 or more days, respectively. C1 [Winder, Eric M.; Bonheyo, George T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Winder, EM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM eric.winder@pnnl.gov OI Winder, Eric/0000-0003-3707-7549; Bonheyo, George/0000-0001-8853-5744 FU Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program FX This project was supported by a grant from the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program. All statements of fact, opinion, or analysis expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official positions or views of the Intelligence Community or any other United States Government agency. Nothing in the contents should be construed as asserting or implying United States Government authentication of information or Intelligence Community endorsement of the author's views. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 10 IS 7 AR e0134798 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0134798 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CO0JY UT WOS:000358838400169 PM 26230525 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Brown, SM Chen, H Shen, E Nair, MB Ceja-Navarro, JA Brodie, EL Infante, F Dowd, PF Pain, A AF Vega, Fernando E. Brown, Stuart M. Chen, Hao Shen, Eric Nair, Mridul B. Ceja-Navarro, Javier A. Brodie, Eoin L. Infante, Francisco Dowd, Patrick F. Pain, Arnab TI Draft genome of the most devastating insect pest of coffee worldwide: the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RNA-SEQ READS; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASES; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; GENE FAMILY; RESISTANCE; EVOLUTION; BEETLE; IDENTIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; EXPRESSION AB The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, is the most economically important insect pest of coffee worldwide. We present an analysis of the draft genome of the coffee berry borer, the third genome for a Coleopteran species. The genome size is ca. 163 Mb with 19,222 predicted protein-coding genes. Analysis was focused on genes involved in primary digestion as well as gene families involved in detoxification of plant defense molecules and insecticides, such as carboxylesterases, cytochrome P450, gluthathione S-transferases, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and a gene that confers resistance to the insecticide dieldrin. A broad range of enzymes capable of degrading complex polysaccharides were identified. We also evaluated the pathogen defense system and found homologs to antimicrobial genes reported in the Drosophila genome. Ten cases of horizontal gene transfer were identified with evidence for expression, integration into the H. hampei genome, and phylogenetic evidence that the sequences are more closely related to bacterial rather than eukaryotic genes. The draft genome analysis broadly expands our knowledge on the biology of a devastating tropical insect pest and suggests new pest management strategies. C1 [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Brown, Stuart M.; Chen, Hao; Shen, Eric] NYU, Sch Med, NYU Ctr Hlth Informat & Bioinformat, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Nair, Mridul B.; Pain, Arnab] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Computat Biosci Res Ctr, Pathogen Genom Lab, Thuwal Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Ceja-Navarro, Javier A.; Brodie, Eoin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Infante, Francisco] El Colegio Frontera ECOSUR, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. [Dowd, Patrick F.] ARS, USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Fernando.Vega@ars.usda.gov RI Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Pain, Arnab/L-5766-2015; Ceja-Navarro, Javier/A-1731-2013; OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Pain, Arnab/0000-0002-1755-2819; Ceja-Navarro, Javier/0000-0002-2954-3477; Brown, Stuart/0000-0002-0906-9907; Infante, Francisco/0000-0002-7419-7606; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU USDA-ARS [58-1245-3-309]; Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics at New York University [58-1245-3-309]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH1121231] FX Supported in part by Research Support Agreement 58-1245-3-309 between USDA-ARS and the Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics at New York University. Part of this work was performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work was also supported by faculty baseline research funding (BRF) by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). J.A.C.-N. was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH1121231. This work has used computing resources at the High Performance Computing Facility of the Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics at the NYU Langone Medical Center. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 5 AR 12525 DI 10.1038/srep12525 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN9MH UT WOS:000358772400001 PM 26228545 ER PT J AU Kim, JB Weichman, ML Sjolander, TF Neumark, DM Klos, J Alexander, MH Manolopoulos, DE AF Kim, Jongjin B. Weichman, Marissa L. Sjolander, Tobias F. Neumark, Daniel M. Klos, Jacek Alexander, Millard H. Manolopoulos, David E. TI Spectroscopic observation of resonances in the F + H-2 reaction SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE SPECTROSCOPY; F+H-2 REACTION; PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICAL RESONANCES; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; PLUS HD; PHOTOELECTRON; SCATTERING; DISTRIBUTIONS; MOLECULE AB Photodetachment spectroscopy of the FH2- and FD2- anions allows for the direct observation of reactive resonances in the benchmark reaction F + H-2 -> H-F + H. Using cooled anion precursors and a high-resolution electron spectrometer, we observe several narrow peaks not seen in previous experiments. Theoretical calculations, based on a highly accurate F + H-2 potential energy surface, convincingly assign these peaks to resonances associated with quasibound states in the HF + H and DF + D product arrangements and with a quasibound state in the transition state region of the F + H-2 reaction. The calculations also reveal quasibound states in the reactant arrangement, which have yet to be resolved experimentally. C1 [Kim, Jongjin B.; Weichman, Marissa L.; Sjolander, Tobias F.; Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klos, Jacek; Alexander, Millard H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alexander, Millard H.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Manolopoulos, David E.] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu; mha@umd.edu; david.manolopoulos@chem.ox.ac.uk RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Weichman, Marissa/0000-0002-2551-9146 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA9550-12-1-0160]; Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) [FA9550-11-1-0330]; National Science Foundation; U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1213332]; Wolfson Foundation; Royal Society FX The experimental part of this work was funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under grant no. FA9550-12-1-0160 and the Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) under grant no. FA9550-11-1-0330. M.L.W. thanks the National Science Foundation for a graduate research fellowship. The experimental data are available upon request from dneumark@berkeley.edu. M.H.A. is grateful for partial support by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CHE-1213332. D.E.M. is funded by the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 11 U2 50 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6247 BP 510 EP 513 DI 10.1126/science.aac6939 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN8SP UT WOS:000358713300049 PM 26228142 ER PT J AU De Yoreo, JJ Gilbert, PUPA Sommerdijk, NAJM Penn, RL Whitelam, S Joester, D Zhang, HZ Rimer, JD Navrotsky, A Banfield, JF Wallace, AF Michel, FM Meldrum, FC Colfen, H Dove, PM AF De Yoreo, James J. Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A. Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M. Penn, R. Lee Whitelam, Stephen Joester, Derk Zhang, Hengzhong Rimer, Jeffrey D. Navrotsky, Alexandra Banfield, Jillian F. Wallace, Adam F. Michel, F. Marc Meldrum, Fiona C. Coelfen, Helmut Dove, Patricia M. TI Crystallization by particle attachment in synthetic, biogenic, and geologic environments SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE; LIQUID-LIQUID SEPARATION; URCHIN LARVAL SPICULE; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ORIENTED ATTACHMENT; PRECURSOR PHASE; STRUCTURE-DIRECTION; INITIAL-STAGES; CRYO-TEM; NUCLEATION AB Field and laboratory observations show that crystals commonly form by the addition and attachment of particles that range from multi-ion complexes to fully formed nanoparticles. The particles involved in these nonclassical pathways to crystallization are diverse, in contrast to classical models that consider only the addition of monomeric chemical species. We review progress toward understanding crystal growth by particle-attachment processes and show that multiple pathways result from the interplay of free-energy landscapes and reaction dynamics. Much remains unknown about the fundamental aspects, particularly the relationships between solution structure, interfacial forces, and particle motion. Developing a predictive description that connects molecular details to ensemble behavior will require revisiting long-standing interpretations of crystal formation in synthetic systems, biominerals, and patterns of mineralization in natural environments. C1 [De Yoreo, James J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [De Yoreo, James J.] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gilbert, Pupa U. P. A.] Harvard Univ, Radcliffe Inst Adv Study, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Lab Mat & Interface Chem, Dept Chem Engn & Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Soft Matter CryoTEM Unit, Dept Chem Engn & Chem, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Sommerdijk, Nico A. J. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, Inst Complex Mol Syst, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Penn, R. Lee] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Whitelam, Stephen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Joester, Derk] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zhang, Hengzhong; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rimer, Jeffrey D.] Univ Houston, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wallace, Adam F.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Dove, Patricia M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Meldrum, Fiona C.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Coelfen, Helmut] Univ Konstanz, Dept Chem, Phys Chem, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Dove, PM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dove@vt.edu RI Gilbert, Pupa/A-6299-2010; Joester, Derk/B-7525-2009; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 OI Gilbert, Pupa/0000-0002-0139-2099; Meldrum, Fiona/0000-0001-9243-8517; FU Council on Geosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This article evolved from presentations and discussions at the workshop "Crystallization by Particle Attachment" held in December 2013 in Berkeley, California, sponsored by the Council on Geosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank the members of the council for their encouragement and assistance in developing this workshop. We also thank L. Addadi and S. Weiner for valuable comments and advice. In addition, the authors acknowledge the agencies that provided funding for their individual research programs, without which this workshop and article would not have been possible. NR 120 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 109 U2 420 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 349 IS 6247 AR aaa6760 DI 10.1126/science.aaa6760 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN8SP UT WOS:000358713300045 PM 26228157 ER PT J AU Aulery, F Toutant, A Bataille, F Zhou, Y AF Aulery, Frederic Toutant, Adrien Bataille, Francoise Zhou, Ye TI Energy transfer process of anisothermal wall-bounded flows SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; INERTIAL-RANGE; SCALES AB Strong temperature gradients introduce a major external agency into the wall-bounded turbulent flows. In these flows, the temperature field and the turbulent velocity field are highly correlated. In fact, standard RANS turbulent models are not able to accurately reproduce these flows. In order to improve the performance of the models, we need to understand how the energy is produced, transferred, and dissipated in a strong anisothermal wall-bounded flow. This letter presents a first detailed investigation on the roles played by each contributor in the energy transfer equation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aulery, Frederic; Toutant, Adrien; Bataille, Francoise] PROMES CNRS UPR 8521, Rambla Thermodynam, Perpignan, France. [Toutant, Adrien] Univ Perpignan, F-66860 Perpignan 9, France. [Bataille, Francoise] Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhou, Ye] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Aulery, F (reprint author), PROMES CNRS UPR 8521, Rambla Thermodynam, Perpignan, France. EM frederic.aulery@gmail.com; zhou3@11nl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 EI 1873-2429 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 379 IS 24-25 BP 1520 EP 1526 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2015.03.022 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CH9GU UT WOS:000354344800004 ER PT J AU Ohodnicki, PR Baltrus, JP Brown, TD AF Ohodnicki, P. R. Baltrus, J. P. Brown, T. D. TI Pd/SiO2 and AuPd/SiO2 nanocomposite-based optical fiber sensors for H-2 sensing applications SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen sensor; Optical sensor; Pd nanoparticle; Nanocomposite; Evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; HYDROGEN SENSOR; THIN-FILMS; COMPOSITE FILM; GAS; PALLADIUM; OXIDE; NANOPARTICLES; LAYERS; CO AB The ability to accurately and safely monitor hydrogen concentration is of significant importance for abroad range of energy, defense, aviation, and aerospace applications with one of the most notable applications being leak detection for hydrogen above the lower explosive limit. Optical-based approaches offer significant safety advantages as compared to electrical-based sensors and Pd or AuPd-alloys are commonly utilized as the functional sensor layer due to a well-known, characteristic, and selective interaction with H-2. In this work, optical fiber-based sensors comprised of Pd and AuPd alloy nanoparticle incorporated SiO2 thin films deposited onto unclad multimode silica-based optical fiber evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy sensing elements have been investigated. Selective, sensitive, and monotonic H-2 sensing responses have been demonstrated at levels significantly greater than the lower explosive limitin the presence of CO and O-2 near room temperature. A tendency for partial oxidation of the noble metal nanoparticles upon exposure to oxidizing atmospheres is confirmed directly through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, particularly at elevated temperatures. Monotonic H-2 sensing responses are also observed at elevated temperatures in cases where oxygen is not introduced into the atmosphere. However, more complex sensing responses in multi-component elevated temperature gas streams containing oxidizing and reducing species can be observed which likely result from oxidation and reduction of noble metal nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of noble metals such as Pd and Pd-alloy nanoparticles into inert dielectric matrices such as SiO2 can impart new optical sensing functionality potentially useful for H-2 sensing applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ohodnicki, P. R.; Brown, T. D.] Funct Mat Dev Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Electrochem & Magnet Mat Team, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ohodnicki, P. R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Baltrus, J. P.] Mol Sci Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Mat Fundamentals Team, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Ohodnicki, PR (reprint author), Funct Mat Dev Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Electrochem & Magnet Mat Team, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM paul.ohodnicki@netl.doe.gov NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUL 31 PY 2015 VL 214 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2015.02.076 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA CG2UQ UT WOS:000353131300022 ER PT J AU Hahnke, RL Stackebrandt, E Meier-Kolthoff, JP Tindall, BJ Huang, SX Rohde, M Lapidus, A Han, J Trong, S Haynes, M Reddy, TBK Huntemann, M Pati, A Ivanova, NN Mavromatis, K Markowitz, V Woyke, T Goker, M Kyrpides, NC Klenk, HP AF Hahnke, Richard L. Stackebrandt, Erko Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P. Tindall, Brian J. Huang, Sixing Rohde, Manfred Lapidus, Alla Han, James Trong, Stephan Haynes, Matthew Reddy, T. B. K. Huntemann, Marcel Pati, Amrita Ivanova, Natalia N. Mavromatis, Konstantinos Markowitz, Victor Woyke, Tanja Goeker, Markus Kyrpides, Nikos C. Klenk, Hans-Peter TI High quality draft genome sequence of Flavobacterium rivuli type strain WB 3.3-2(T) (DSM 21788(T)), a valuable source of polysaccharide decomposing enzymes SO STANDARDS IN GENOMIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Carbohydrate active enzyme; Polysaccharide utilization loci; Gram-negative; Non-motile; Aerobic; Hard water rivulet; Flavobacteriaceae; Bacteroidetes; GEBA-KMG I; Myroides ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIUM; SIMILARITY SEARCH TOOL; DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SP-NOV.; EMENDED DESCRIPTIONS; GENUS FLAVOBACTERIUM; DATABASE; ANNOTATION; PROPOSAL; PROJECTS AB Flavobacterium rivuli Ali et al. 2009 emend. Dong et al. 2013 is one of about 100 species in the genus Flavobacterium (family Flavobacteriacae, phylum Bacteroidetes) with a validly published name, and has been isolated from the spring of a hard water rivulet in Northern Germany. Including all type strains of the genus Myroides and Flavobacterium into the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny revealed a clustering of members of the genus Myroides as a monophyletic group within the genus Flavobacterium. Furthermore, F. rivuli WB 3.3-2(T) and its next relatives seem more closely related to the genus Myroides than to the type species of the genus Flavobacterium, F. aquatile. The 4,489,248 bp long genome with its 3,391 protein-coding and 65 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project. The genome of F. rivuli has almost as many genes encoding carbohydrate active enzymes (151 CAZymes) as genes encoding peptidases (177). Peptidases comprised mostly metallo (M) and serine (S) peptidases. Among CAZymes, 30 glycoside hydrolase families, 10 glycosyl transferase families, 7 carbohydrate binding module families and 7 carbohydrate esterase families were identified. Furthermore, we found four polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) and one large CAZy rich gene cluster that might enable strain WB 3.3-2(T) to decompose plant and algae derived polysaccharides. Based on these results we propose F. rivuli as an interesting candidate for further physiological studies and the role of Bacteroidetes in the decomposition of complex polymers in the environment. C1 [Hahnke, Richard L.; Stackebrandt, Erko; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Tindall, Brian J.; Huang, Sixing; Goeker, Markus] Leibniz Inst DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms &, Braunschweig, Germany. [Rohde, Manfred] Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Braunschweig, Germany. [Lapidus, Alla] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Lapidus, Alla] St Petersburg Acad Univ, Algorithm Biol Lab, St Petersburg, Russia. [Han, James; Trong, Stephan; Haynes, Matthew; Reddy, T. B. K.; Huntemann, Marcel; Pati, Amrita; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Mavromatis, Konstantinos; Woyke, Tanja; Kyrpides, Nikos C.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Markowitz, Victor] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biol Data Management & Technol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kyrpides, Nikos C.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Sch Biol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Klenk, Hans-Peter] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Hahnke, RL (reprint author), Leibniz Inst DSMZ German Collect Microorganisms &, Inhoffenstr 7B, Braunschweig, Germany. EM richard.hahnke@dsmz.de RI Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan Philipp/0000-0001-9105-9814; Ivanova, Natalia/0000-0002-5802-9485 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Russian Ministry of Science Mega [11.G34.31.0068]; Bundesministerium fur Ernahrung und Landwirtschaft [22016812]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB833801] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Andrea Schutze, for growing cells of DSM 21788T and of Evelyne Brambilla, for DNA extraction and quality control (both at DSMZ). This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 Genome analysis was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB833801). A.L. was supported in part by Russian Ministry of Science Mega-grant No. 11.G34.31.0068 (PI: Stephen J. O'Brien). R.L.H. was supported by the Bundesministerium fur Ernahrung und Landwirtschaft No. 22016812 (PI: Hans-Peter Klenk). NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1944-3277 J9 STAND GENOMIC SCI JI Stand. Genomic Sci. PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 10 AR 46 DI 10.1186/s40793-015-0032-y PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA DA7NN UT WOS:000367991100001 PM 26380634 ER PT J AU Opalka, D Pham, TA Sprik, M Galli, G AF Opalka, Daniel Tuan Anh Pham Sprik, Michiel Galli, Giulia TI Electronic Energy Levels and Band Alignment for Aqueous Phenol and Phenolate from First Principles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID REDOX POTENTIALS; PROTON-TRANSFER; LIQUID WATER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DYNAMICS; IONS; GAP AB Electronic energy level's in phenol and phenolate solutions have been computed using density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. The valence and conduction bands of the solvent and the ionization energies of the solutes have been aligned with respect to the vacuum level based on the concept of a computational standard hydrogen electrode. We have found significant quantitative differences between the generalized-gradient approximation, calculations with the HSE hybrid functional, and many-body perturbation theory in the G(0)W(0) approximation. For phenol, two ionization energies below the photoionization threshold of bulk water have been assigned in the spectrum of Kohn-Sham eigenvalues of the solution. Deprotonation to phenolate was found to lift a third occupied energy level above the valence band maximum of the solvent which is characterized by an electronic lone pair at the hydroxyl group. The second and third ionization energies of phenolate were found to be very similar and explain the intensity pattern observed in recent experiments using liquid-microjet photoemission spectroscopy. C1 [Opalka, Daniel] Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Tuan Anh Pham] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sprik, Michiel] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Galli, Giulia] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Opalka, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Solid State Res, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM d.opalka@fkf.mpg.de FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; [NSF-CHE-0802907] FX This work was supported by a research grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (D.O.) and by NSF-CHE-0802907 (G.G.). Computing resources provided by the Leibniz Rechenzentrum of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences are gratefully acknowledged. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 30 BP 9651 EP 9660 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04189 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CO3BK UT WOS:000359031400017 PM 26132076 ER PT J AU Timr, S Brabec, J Bondar, A Ryba, T Zelezny, M Lazar, J Jungwirth, P AF Timr, Stepan Brabec, Jiri Bondar, Alexey Ryba, Tomas Zelezny, Milos Lazar, Josef Jungwirth, Pavel TI Nonlinear Optical Properties of Fluorescent Dyes Allow for Accurate Determination of Their Molecular Orientations in Phospholipid Membranes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LINEAR DICHROISM; MICROSCOPY; POLARIZATION; EXCHANGE; BILAYER; ORDER AB Several methods based on single- and two-photon fluorescence detected linear dichroism have recently been used to determine the orientational distributions of fluorescent dyes in lipid membranes. However, these determinations relied on simplified descriptions Of nonlinear anisotropic properties of the dye molecules, using a transition dipole-moment-like vector instead of an absorptivity tensor. To investigate the validity of the vector approximation, we have now carried out a combination of computer simulations and polarization microscopy experiments on two representative fluorescent dyes (DiI and F2N12S) embedded in aqueous phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Our results indicate that a simplified Vector-like treatment of the two-photon transition tensor is applicable for molecular geometries sampled in the membrane at ambient conditions. Furthermore, our results allow evaluation of several distinct polarization microscopy techniques. In combination, our results point to a robust and accurate experimental and computational treatment Of orientational distributions of DiI, F2N14S, and related dyes (including Cy3, Cy5, and others), With implications to monitoring physiologically relevant processes in Cellular membranes in a novel way. C1 [Timr, Stepan; Lazar, Josef; Jungwirth, Pavel] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Brabec, Jiri] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bondar, Alexey; Lazar, Josef] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nanobiol & Struct Biol GCRC, Vvi, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic. [Bondar, Alexey; Lazar, Josef] Univ South Bohemia, Fac Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Ryba, Tomas; Zelezny, Milos] Univ W Bohemia, Fac Sci Appl, Dept Cybernet, Plzen 30614, Czech Republic. [Jungwirth, Pavel] Tampere Univ Technol, Dept Phys, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Lazar, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Flemingovo Nam 2, CR-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic. EM lazar@nh.cas.cz; pavel.jungwirth@uochb.cas.cz RI Lazar, Josef/H-7487-2014; Bondar, Alexey/G-9459-2014; Jungwirth, Pavel/D-9290-2011; Zelezny, Milos/C-1370-2011 OI Lazar, Josef/0000-0002-6285-3995; Bondar, Alexey/0000-0002-1980-2930; Jungwirth, Pavel/0000-0002-6892-3288; Zelezny, Milos/0000-0003-1695-4370 FU Czech Science Foundation [GA13-06181S, P205/13-10799S]; Academy of Sciences; Academy of Finland; University of South Bohemia [141/2013/P]; Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [LO1506] FX P.J. thanks the Czech Science Foundation for support via Grant GA13-06181S. He also acknowledges the Academy of Sciences for the Praemium Academie award and the Academy of Finland for the FiDiPro award. J.L. thanks the Czech Science Foundation for support via Grant P205/13-10799S. A.B. acknowledges Grant 141/2013/P from the University of South Bohemia. M.Z. and T.R. thank the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, project "Sustainability support of the centre NTIS - New Technologies for the Information Society", LO1506. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 30 BP 9706 EP 9716 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b05123 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA CO3BK UT WOS:000359031400023 PM 26146848 ER PT J AU Choing, SN Francis, AJ Clendenning, G Schuurman, MS Sommer, RD Tamblyn, I Weare, WW Cuk, T AF Choing, Stephanie N. Francis, Aaron J. Clendenning, Graham Schuurman, Michael S. Sommer, Roger D. Tamblyn, Isaac Weare, Walter W. Cuk, Tanja TI Long-Lived LMCT in a d(0) Vanadium(V) Complex by Internal Conversion to a State of 3d(xy) Character SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; POLYPYRIDYL FERROUS COMPLEXES; OXYGEN K-EDGE; X-RAY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; EXCITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; LUMINESCENCE AB The excited state dynamics of a d(0) vanadium(V) oxido ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) complex, VOLF, were investigated via a combination of static optical and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy, transient optical absorption spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Upon excitation of the LMCT in the visible region, transient absorption data reveal that internal conversion traps the excited carrier population into a long-lived charge transfer state of 3d(xy) electron character, S-1(d(xy)). The internal conversion is substantiated by an isosbestic point in the transient absorption data, two nearby charge transfer states that couple well by TD-DFT, multiple rates in the ground state recovery, and the decay kinetics of an excited state absorption with the energy of a d-d transition in O K-edge XAS spectra. The long lifetime (similar to 420 ps) of S-1(d(xy)) can be ascribed to its poor optical and vibrational coupling to a distorted ground state (S-0*) via a negligible electronic dipole transition in TD-DFT. The lack of luminescence or an identifiable triplet state also suggests attributing the lifetime to electronic contributions. In conjunction with its strong visible absorption and reduction potential, the long-lived LMCT suggests that molecules such as VOLF could have potential utility for energy conversion applications. Moreover, the results show that internal conversion between two nearby charge transfer states, differentiated by their 3d character, can form a long-lived charge transfer excitation, broadly informing the discovery of 3d metal-centered optical absorbers with long-lived charge transfer lifetimes. C1 [Choing, Stephanie N.; Cuk, Tanja] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Francis, Aaron J.; Sommer, Roger D.; Weare, Walter W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Clendenning, Graham; Tamblyn, Isaac] Univ Ontario, Dept Phys, Inst Technol, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Schuurman, Michael S.] CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cuk, Tanja] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cuk, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tanjacuk@berkeley.edu OI Weare, Walter/0000-0001-5794-9418 FU NSERC; ComputeCanada; SOSCIP; NCSU; LBNL FX This work was supported by NSERC, ComputeCanada, and SOSCIP. W.W.W. acknowledges generous support from NCSU Startup funds. T.C. acknowledges support by LBNL startup funds. We thank the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Drs. Ian Sharpe and Jason K. Cooper for their assistance with ultrafast transient absorption measurements. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 30 BP 17029 EP 17038 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00513 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CO3BP UT WOS:000359031900001 ER PT J AU Greathouse, JA Hart, DB Bowers, GM Kirkpatrick, RJ Cygan, RT AF Greathouse, Jeffery A. Hart, David B. Bowers, Geoffrey M. Kirkpatrick, R. James Cygan, Randall T. TI Molecular Simulation of Structure and Diffusion at Smectite-Water Interfaces: Using Expanded Clay Interlayers as Model Nanopores SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID URANYL(VI) ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA; LEVEL NUCLEAR-WASTE; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MICROSCOPIC SIMULATION; CO2 SEQUESTRATION; MINERAL SURFACES; YUCCA MOUNTAIN; MONTMORILLONITE; TEMPERATURE; HECTORITE AB In geologic Settings relevant to a nuniber of extraction and, potential sequestration processes, nanopores botifided by clay mineral surfaces play a critical role in the transport of aqueous, species, Solution, structure and dynamics at,clay water interfaces are, quite different front, their bulk values, and the spatial extent of this disruption remains a topic of current interest. We have used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure and diffusion of aqueous solutions in clay nanopores approximately 6 nm thick, comparing the effect of clay composition with model Na-hectorite and Na-montmorillonite surfaces. In addition to structural properties at the interface, water and ion diffusion coefficients were calculated within each aqueous layer at the interface, as well as in the central bulk-like region of the nanopore. The results show similar solution structure and diffusion properties at each surface, with:, subtle differences in sodium ad-sorption complexes and water structure in the first adsorbed layer due to different arrangements of layer hydroxyl groups in the two clay models. Interestingly, the extent of Surface disruption on bulk-like solution structure and diffusion extends to only a few water layers. A comparison of sodium ion residence times confirms similar behavior of inner-sphere and outer-sphere surface complexes at each clay surface, but similar to 1% of sodium ions adsorb in ditrigonal cavities on the hectorite surface. The presence of these anhydrous ions is consistent with highly immobile anhydrous ions seen in previous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurements of hectorite pastes. C1 [Greathouse, Jeffery A.; Hart, David B.; Cygan, Randall T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bowers, Geoffrey M.] Alfred Univ, Div Chem, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. [Kirkpatrick, R. James] Michigan State Univ, Coll Nat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Greathouse, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jagreat@sandia.gov OI Bowers, Geoffrey/0000-0003-4876-9305 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Research Program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We would like to thank Christin Morrow for helpful discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Research Program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 84 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 119 IS 30 BP 17126 EP 17136 DI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03314 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CO3BP UT WOS:000359031900012 ER PT J AU Xu, JK Shields, E Calaprice, F Westerdale, S Froborg, F Suerfu, B Alexander, T Aprahamian, A Back, HO Casarella, C Fang, X Gupta, YK Ianni, A Lamere, E Lippincott, WH Liu, Q Lyons, S Siegl, K Smith, M Tan, WP Vande Kolk, B AF Xu, Jingke Shields, Emily Calaprice, Frank Westerdale, Shawn Froborg, Francis Suerfu, Burkhant Alexander, Thomas Aprahamian, Ani Back, Henning O. Casarella, Clark Fang, Xiao Gupta, Yogesh K. Ianni, Aldo Lamere, Edward Lippincott, W. Hugh Liu, Qian Lyons, Stephanie Siegl, Kevin Smith, Mallory Tan, Wanpeng Vande Kolk, Bryant TI Scintillation efficiency measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) below the DAMA/LIBRA energy threshold SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER EXPERIMENTS; NUCLEAR RECOIL; WIMP SEARCH; CRYSTALS; DETECTOR; SODIUM; LIMITS AB The dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal depends on the NaI(Tl) scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils. Previous measurements for Na recoils have large discrepancies, especially in the DAMA/LIBRA modulation energy region. We report a quenching effect measurement of Na recoils in NaI(Tl) from 3 to 52 keV(nr), covering the whole DAMA/LIBRA energy region for dark matter-Na scattering interpretations. By using a low-energy, pulsed neutron beam, a double time-of-flight technique, and pulse-shape discrimination methods, we obtained the most accurate measurement of this kind for NaI(Tl) to date. The results differ significantly from the DAMA reported values at low energies but fall between the other previous measurements. We present the implications of the new quenching results for the dark matter interpretation of the DAMA modulation signal. C1 [Xu, Jingke; Shields, Emily; Calaprice, Frank; Westerdale, Shawn; Froborg, Francis; Suerfu, Burkhant; Back, Henning O.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Alexander, Thomas] Amherst Ctr Fundamental Interact & Phys Dept, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Alexander, Thomas; Lippincott, W. Hugh] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Aprahamian, Ani; Casarella, Clark; Fang, Xiao; Gupta, Yogesh K.; Lamere, Edward; Liu, Qian; Lyons, Stephanie; Siegl, Kevin; Smith, Mallory; Tan, Wanpeng; Vande Kolk, Bryant] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Ianni, Aldo] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-067010 Assergi, Italy. RP Xu, JK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jingkexu@princeton.edu RI Tan, Wanpeng/A-4687-2008; OI Tan, Wanpeng/0000-0002-5930-1823; Xu, Jingke/0000-0001-8084-5609 FU NSF [PHY-0957083, PHY-1103987, PHY-1242625, PHY-1419765, PHY-1242585, PHY-1211308]; Swiss National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge the hospitality of the University of Notre Dame in hosting this experiment and lending necessary electronics for us to fulfill the measurement. We thank Stephen Pordes from Fermilab for sharing neutron detectors and electronics with us. Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. (RMD) provided the NaI(Tl) crystal used in this experiment, and former Princeton technical specialist Allan Nelson built the detector enclosure parts; we thank them for their contributions. We are grateful to Ben Loer for developing the DAQMAN data-acquisition and analysis softwares that were adapted for this measurement. The SABRE NaI(Tl) program has been supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-0957083, No. PHY-1103987, and No. PHY-1242625. This measurement was supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1242625 and No. PHY-1419765. Francis Froborg is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Henning O. Back is supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1242585. Thomas Alexander is partially supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1211308. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 015807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.015807 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA CO0NG UT WOS:000358848000007 ER PT J AU Shi, C Chen, C Chang, L Roberts, CD Schmidt, SM Zong, HS AF Shi, Chao Chen, Chen Chang, Lei Roberts, Craig D. Schmidt, Sebastian M. Zong, Hong-Shi TI Kaon and pion parton distribution amplitudes to twist three SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; LATTICE QCD; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; DECAY CONSTANT; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; FORM-FACTOR; SUM-RULES; FACTORIZATION AB We compute all kaon and pion parton distribution amplitudes (PDAs) to twist three and find that only the pseudotensor PDA can reasonably be approximated by its conformal limit expression. At terrestrially accessible energy scales, the twist-two and pseudoscalar twist-three PDAs differ significantly from those functions commonly associated with their forms in QCD's conformal limit. In all amplitudes studied, SU(3) flavor-symmetry breaking is typically a 13% effect. This scale is determined by nonperturbative dynamics; namely, the current-quark-mass dependence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. The heavier quark is favored by this distortion; for example, support is shifted to the s-quark in the negative kaon. It appears, therefore, that at energy scales accessible with existing and foreseeable facilities, one may obtain reliable expectations for experimental outcomes by using these "strongly dressed" PDAs in formulas for hard exclusive processes. Following this procedure, any discrepancies between experiment and theory will be significantly smaller than those produced by using the conformal-limit PDAs. Moreover, the magnitude of any disagreement will either be a better estimate of higher-order, higher-twist effects or provide more realistic constraints on the Standard Model. C1 [Shi, Chao] Nanjing Univ, Inst Acoust, MOE, Key Lab Modern Acoust, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Shi, Chao; Zong, Hong-Shi] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chen, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Inst Theoret Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chen, Chen] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chang, Lei] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Roberts, Craig D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schmidt, Sebastian M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Adv Simulat, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Schmidt, Sebastian M.] JARA, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11275097, 11475085]; National Basic Research Programme of China [2012CB921504]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Programme of China [WK2030040050]; University of Adelaide; Australian Research Council [FL0992247]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH FX We thank I. C. Cloet, S.-X. Qin, J. Segovia Gonzalez, P. C. Tandy, A. W. Thomas and S.-L. Wan for insightful comments. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11275097 and No. 11475085); the National Basic Research Programme of China (Grant No. 2012CB921504); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Programme of China (Grant No. WK2030040050); University of Adelaide and Australian Research Council through Grant No. FL0992247; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357; and Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH. NR 101 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 014035 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.92.014035 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CO0OJ UT WOS:000358851100003 ER PT J AU Michel, P Divol, L Dewald, EL Milovich, JL Hohenberger, M Jones, OS Hopkins, LB Berger, RL Kruer, WL Moody, JD AF Michel, P. Divol, L. Dewald, E. L. Milovich, J. L. Hohenberger, M. Jones, O. S. Hopkins, L. Berzak Berger, R. L. Kruer, W. L. Moody, J. D. TI Multibeam Stimulated Raman Scattering in Inertial Confinement Fusion Conditions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAMS; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMAS AB Stimulated Raman scattering from multiple laser beams arranged in a cone sharing a common daughter wave is investigated for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) conditions in a inhomogeneous plasma. It is found that the shared electron plasma wave (EPW) process, where the lasers collectively drive the same EPW, can lead to an absolute instability when the electron density reaches a matching condition dependent on the cone angle of the laser beams. This mechanism could explain recent experimental observations of hot electrons at early times in ICF experiments, at densities well below quarter critical when two plasmon decay is not expected to occur. C1 [Michel, P.; Divol, L.; Dewald, E. L.; Milovich, J. L.; Jones, O. S.; Hopkins, L. Berzak; Berger, R. L.; Kruer, W. L.; Moody, J. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hohenberger, M.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Michel, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 115 IS 5 AR 055003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.055003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA CO0SP UT WOS:000358863000003 PM 26274426 ER PT J AU Dantas, JM Morgado, L Aklujkar, M Bruix, M Londer, YY Schiffer, M Pokkuluri, PR Salgueiro, CA AF Dantas, Joana M. Morgado, Leonor Aklujkar, Muktak Bruix, Marta Londer, Yuri Y. Schiffer, Marianne Pokkuluri, P. Raj Salgueiro, Carlos A. TI Rational engineering of Geobacter sulfurreducens electron transfer components: a foundation for building improved Geobacter-based bioelectrochemical technologies SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Geobacter; cytochrome c; multiheme; extracellular electron transfer; Geobacter mutant strains ID TRIHEME CYTOCHROME PPCA; C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; LINKED CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; AROMATIC RESIDUE F-15; THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; REDUCING MICROORGANISM; MULTIDOMAIN CYTOCHROME; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE(III) REDUCTION AB Multiheme cytochromes have been implicated in Geobacter sulfurreducens extracellular electron transfer (EET). These proteins are potential targets to improve EET and enhance bioremediation and electrical current production by G. sulfurreducens. However, the functional characterization of multiheme cytochromes is particularly complex due to the co-existence of several microstates in solution, connecting the fully reduced and fully oxidized states. Over the last decade, new strategies have been developed to characterize multiheme redox proteins functionally and structurally. These strategies were used to reveal the functional mechanism of G. sulfurreducens multiheme cytochromes and also to identify key residues in these proteins for EET. In previous studies, we set the foundations for enhancement of the EET abilities of G. sulfurreducens by characterizing a family of five triheme cytochromes (PpcA-E). These periplasmic cytochromes are implicated in electron transfer between the oxidative reactions of metabolism in the cytoplasm and the reduction of extracellular terminal electron acceptors at the cell's outer surface. The results obtained suggested that PpcA can couple e(-)/H+ transfer, a property that might contribute to the proton electrochemical gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane for metabolic energy production. The structural and functional properties of PpcA were characterized in detail and used for rational design of a family of 23 single site PpcA mutants. In this review, we summarize the functional characterization of the native and mutant proteins. Mutants that retain the mechanistic features of PpcA and adopt preferential e(-)/H+ transfer pathways at lower reduction potential values compared to the wild-type protein were selected for in vivo studies as the best candidates to increase the electron transfer rate of G. sulfurreducens. For the first time G. sulfurreducens strains have been manipulated by the introduction of mutant forms of essential proteins with the aim to develop and improve bioelectrochemical technologies. C1 [Dantas, Joana M.; Morgado, Leonor; Salgueiro, Carlos A.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Rede Quim & Tecnol,Dept Quim, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. [Aklujkar, Muktak] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD USA. [Bruix, Marta] CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, Dept Quim Fis Biol, Madrid, Spain. [Londer, Yuri Y.; Schiffer, Marianne; Pokkuluri, P. Raj] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Lemont, IL USA. RP Salgueiro, CA (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Res Unit Appl Mol Biosci UCIBIO, Rede Quim & Tecnol,Dept Quim, Campus Caparica, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. EM csalgueiro@fct.unl.pt RI Morgado, Leonor/D-7387-2013; Salgueiro, Carlos/A-4522-2013; Bruix, Marta/H-4161-2011; Dantas, Joana/B-8275-2017 OI Morgado, Leonor/0000-0002-3760-5180; Salgueiro, Carlos/0000-0003-1136-809X; Bruix, Marta/0000-0002-0096-3558; Dantas, Joana/0000-0002-4852-7608 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal [SFRH/BD/89701/2012, UID/Multi/04378/2013]; L'Oreal Portugal Medals of Honor for Women in Science [PTDC/BBB-BEP/0753/2012]; Ministerio De Economia y Competitividad [CTQ2011-22514]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research program; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by project grants: PTDC/BBB-BEP/0753/2012 (to CS), L'Oreal Portugal Medals of Honor for Women in Science 2012 (to LM), SFRH/BD/89701/2012 (to JD), UID/Multi/04378/2013 from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal and CTQ2011-22514 from the Ministerio De Economia y Competitividad. Cytochrome work at Argonne National Laboratory (MS, YL, and PP) was previously supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research program. Currently, PP is partially supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Geobacter sulfurreducens cells and cloning protocols referred in this work were kindly provided by Prof. Derek Lovley from the University of Massachusetts Amherst (USA). NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 30 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 6 AR 752 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00752 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA CO1AW UT WOS:000358886300001 PM 26284042 ER PT J AU Baroudi, K Gaulin, BD Lapidus, SH Gaudet, J Cava, RJ AF Baroudi, Kristen Gaulin, Bruce D. Lapidus, Saul H. Gaudet, Jonathan Cava, R. J. TI Symmetry and light stuffing of Ho2Ti2O7, Er2Ti2O7, and Yb2Ti2O7 characterized by synchrotron x-ray diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; FLOATING-ZONE METHOD; SPIN ICE; EARTH; TB2TI2O7; OXIDES AB The Ho2Ti2O7, Er2Ti2O7, and Yb2Ti2O7 pyrochlores were studied by synchrotron x-ray diffraction to determine whether the (002) peak, forbidden in the pyrochlore space group Fd-3m but observed in single crystal neutron scattering measurements, is present due to a deviation of their pyrochlore structure from Fd-3m symmetry. Synchrotron diffraction measurements on precisely synthesized stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric powders and a crushed floating zone crystal of Ho2Ti2O7 revealed that the (002) reflection is absent in all cases to a sensitivity of approximately one part in 30 000 of the strongest x-ray diffraction peak. This indicates to high sensitivity that the space group of the crystal structure of these rare earth titanate pyrochlores is Fd-3m, and that, thus, the (002) peak observed in the neutron scattering experiments has a nonstructural origin. The cell parameters and internal strain for lightly stuffed Ho2+xTi2-xO7 are also presented. C1 [Baroudi, Kristen; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gaulin, Bruce D.; Gaudet, Jonathan] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Lapidus, Saul H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baroudi, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. FU DOE through the IQM at Johns Hopkins University [DE-FG02-08-ER46544]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank the staff at Argonne National Laboratory Beamline 11-BM for their help in designing the high sensitivity experiments. The research at Princeton was supported by the DOE through the IQM at Johns Hopkins University, Grant No. DE-FG02-08-ER46544. The research at McMaster University was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Use of the Advanced Photon Source and Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Discussions with Michel Gingras, Satya Kushwaha, K.A. Ross, J.P. Clancy, and J.P. Ruff are gratefully acknowledged. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 024110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.024110 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO0LJ UT WOS:000358842600003 ER PT J AU Li, L Morris, JR Koehler, MR Dun, ZL Zhou, HD Yan, JQ Mandrus, D Keppens, V AF Li, Ling Morris, James R. Koehler, Michael R. Dun, Zhiling Zhou, Haidong Yan, Jiaqiang Mandrus, David Keppens, Veerle TI Structural and magnetic phase transitions in EuTi1-xNbxO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM-TITANATE; ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; SRTIO3; PEROVSKITES; EUTIO3 AB We have investigated the structural and magnetic phase transitions in EuTi1-xNbxO3 (0 <= x <= 0.3) with synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, and magnetization measurements. Upon Nb doping, the Pm (3) over barm <-> I4/mcm structural transition shifts to higher temperatures and the room temperature lattice parameter increases while the magnitude of the octahedral tilting decreases. In addition, Nb substitution for Ti destabilizes the antiferromagnetic ground state of the parent compound and long-range ferromagnetic order is observed in the samples with x >= 0.1. The structural transition in pure and doped compounds is marked by a dramatic steplike softening of the elastic moduli near T-S, which resembles that of SrTiO3 and can be adequately modeled using the Landau free energy model employing the same coupling between strain and octahedral tilting order parameter as previously used to model SrTiO3. C1 [Li, Ling; Morris, James R.; Koehler, Michael R.; Yan, Jiaqiang; Mandrus, David; Keppens, Veerle] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Morris, James R.; Yan, Jiaqiang; Mandrus, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dun, Zhiling; Zhou, Haidong] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dun, Zhiling/F-5617-2016; Li , Ling /J-3322-2016; Morris, J/I-4452-2012; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 OI Dun, Zhiling/0000-0001-6653-3051; Li , Ling /0000-0002-2866-8323; Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047; FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4416]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; [NSF-DMR-1350002] FX L.L. acknowledges useful discussions with Dr. A. Bussmann-Holder. This research (L.L. and D.G.M.) is funded in part by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant No. GBMF4416. J.R.M. and J.-Q.Y. acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Z.L.D. and H.D.Z. are supported by NSF-DMR-1350002. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 2 AR 024109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.024109 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO0LJ UT WOS:000358842600002 ER PT J AU McFarland, JA Reilly, D Black, W Greenough, JA Ranjan, D AF McFarland, Jacob A. Reilly, David Black, Wolfgang Greenough, Jeffrey A. Ranjan, Devesh TI Modal interactions between a large-wavelength inclined interface and small-wavelength multimode perturbations in a Richtmyer-Meshkov instability SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; REFINEMENT; TRANSITION; SUPERNOVAE; SYSTEMS; NUMBER AB The interaction of a small-wavelength multimodal perturbation with a large-wavelength inclined interface perturbation is investigated for the reshocked Richtmyer-Meshkov instability using three-dimensional simulations. The ARES code, developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, was used for these simulations and a detailed comparison of simulation results and experiments performed at the Georgia Tech Shock Tube facility is presented first for code validation. Simulation results are presented for four cases that vary in large-wavelength perturbation amplitude and the presence of secondary small-wavelength multimode perturbations. Previously developed measures of mixing and turbulence quantities are presented that highlight the large variation in perturbation length scales created by the inclined interface and the multimode complex perturbation. Measures are developed for entrainment, and turbulence anisotropy that help to identify the effects of and competition between each perturbations type. It is shown through multiple measures that before reshock the flow processes a distinct memory of the initial conditions that is present in both large-scale-driven entrainment measures and small-scale-driven mixing measures. After reshock the flow develops to a turbulentlike state that retains a memory of high-amplitude but not low-amplitude large-wavelength perturbations. It is also shown that the high-amplitude large-wavelength perturbation is capable of producing small-scale mixing and turbulent features similar to the small-wavelength multimode perturbations. C1 [McFarland, Jacob A.; Black, Wolfgang] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Reilly, David; Ranjan, Devesh] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Greenough, Jeffrey A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McFarland, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mcfarlandja@missouri.edu OI Ranjan, Devesh/0000-0002-1231-9313 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award [CBET-1451994]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Award [FA9550-13-1-0185] FX The simulation images in this paper were created using the program VisIt [37] and the authors would like to thank the VisIt developers for their support of this program. The authors would also like to acknowledge support from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for providing the computing time for the simulations presented in this work. J.A.M. would like to thank Britton Olson and Oleg Schilling of LLNL for their consultation and advice. D.R. would like to acknowledge the support from National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award (Grant No. CBET-1451994) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Award (Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0185). NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013023 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.013023 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA CO0QR UT WOS:000358857500005 PM 26274285 ER PT J AU Cirigliano, V Fuller, GM Vlasenko, A AF Cirigliano, Vincenzo Fuller, George M. Vlasenko, Alexey TI A new spin on neutrino quantum kinetics SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID EARLY UNIVERSE; BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; OSCILLATIONS; COLLAPSE; FLAVOR; SUPERNOVAE; MECHANISM; FIELDS; MATTER AB Recent studies have demonstrated that in anisotropic environments a coherent spin-flip term arises in the Quantum Kinetic Equations (QKEs) which govern the evolution of neutrino flavor and spin in hot and dense media. This term can mediate neutrino-antineutrino transformation for Majorana neutrinos and active-sterile transformation for Dirac neutrinos. We discuss the physical origin of the coherent spin-flip term and provide explicit expressions for the QKEs in a two-flavor model with spherical geometry. In this context, we demonstrate that coherent neutrino spin transformation depends on the absolute neutrino mass and Majorana phases. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cirigliano, Vincenzo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cirigliano, Vincenzo; Fuller, George M.; Vlasenko, Alexey] New Mexico Consortium, Neutrino Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fuller, George M.; Vlasenko, Alexey] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cirigliano, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cirigliano@lanl.gov OI Cirigliano, Vincenzo/0000-0002-9056-754X FU NSF grant at UCSD [PHY-1307372]; LDRD Program at LANL; University of California Office of the President [12-LR-237070]; UC HIPACC Collaboration; DOE Topical Collaboration on "Neutrino and Nucleosynthesis" FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant PHY-1307372 at UCSD, by the LDRD Program at LANL, by the University of California Office of the President (grant 12-LR-237070), and by the UC HIPACC Collaboration. We would also like to acknowledge support from the DOE Topical Collaboration on "Neutrino and Nucleosynthesis". We thank J. Carlson, J.F. Cherry, and S. Reddy for useful discussions. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.04.066 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800005 ER PT J AU Schenke, B Schlichting, S Venugopalan, R AF Schenke, Bjoern Schlichting, Soeren Venugopalan, Raju TI Azimuthal anisotropies in p plus Pb collisions from classical Yang-Mills dynamics SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID GLUON DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS; RANGE ANGULAR-CORRELATIONS; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; LONG-RANGE; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; MODEL; MULTIPLICITY; DENSITY AB We compute single and double inclusive gluon distributions in classical Yang-Mills simulations of proton-lead collisions and extract the associated transverse momentum dependent Fourier harmonics v(2)(p(T)) and v(3)(p(T)). Gluons have a large v(2) in the initial state, while odd harmonics such as v(3) vanish identically at the initial time tau = 0(+). By the time tau less than or similar to 0.4 fm/c final state effects in the classical Yang-Mills evolution generate a non-zero v(3) and only mildly modify the gluon v(2). Unlike hydrodynamic flow, these momentum space anisotropies are uncorrelated with the global spatial anisotropy of the collision. A principal ingredient for the generation of v(2) and v(3) in this framework is the event-by-event breaking of rotational invariance in domains the size of the inverse of the saturation scale Q(s). In contrast to our findings in p + Pb collisions Yang-Mills simulations of lead-lead collisions generate much smaller values of v(2,3)(P-T) and additional collective flow effects are needed to explain experimental data. This is because the locally generated anisotropy due to the breaking of rotational invariance is depleted with the increase in the number of uncorrelated domains. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license C1 [Schenke, Bjoern; Schlichting, Soeren; Venugopalan, Raju] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schenke, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bschenke@bnl.gov; sschlichting@bnl.gov; raju@bnl.gov FU DOE [DE-SC0012704]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Brookhaven Science Associates; DOE Office of Science Early Career Award FX We thank Adrian Dumitru, Kevin Dusling, and Yuri Kovchegov for useful discussions. B.P.S., S.S., and R.V. are supported under DOE Contract No. DE-SC0012704. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S.S. gratefully acknowledges a Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship from Brookhaven Science Associates. B.P.S. is supported by a DOE Office of Science Early Career Award. NR 66 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.05.051 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800014 ER PT J AU Wilson, E Podolyak, Z Grawe, H Brown, BA Chiara, CJ Zhu, S Fornal, B Janssens, RVF Shand, CM Bowry, M Bunce, M Carpenter, MP Cieplicka-Orynczak, N Deo, AY Dracoulis, GD Hoffman, CR Kempley, RS Kondev, FG Lane, GJ Lauritsen, T Lotay, G Reed, MW Regan, PH Triguero, CR Seweryniak, D Szpak, B Walker, PM AF Wilson, E. Podolyak, Zs. Grawe, H. Brown, B. A. Chiara, C. J. Zhu, S. Fornal, B. Janssens, R. V. F. Shand, C. M. Bowry, M. Bunce, M. Carpenter, M. P. Cieplicka-Orynczak, N. Deo, A. Y. Dracoulis, G. D. Hoffman, C. R. Kempley, R. S. Kondev, F. G. Lane, G. J. Lauritsen, T. Lotay, G. Reed, M. W. Regan, P. H. Triguero, C. Rodriguez Seweryniak, D. Szpak, B. Walker, P. M. TI Core excitations across the neutron shell gap in Tl-207 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID PB-208; GAMMASPHERE; NUCLEI AB The single closed-neutron-shell, one proton-hole nucleus Tl-207 was populated in deep-inelastic collisions of a Pb-208 beam with a Pb-208 target. The yrast and near-yrast level scheme has been established up to high excitation energy, comprising an octupole phonon state and a large number of core excited states. Based on shell-model calculations, all observed single core excitations were established to arise from the breaking of the N = 126 neutron core. While the shell-model calculations correctly predict the ordering of these states, their energies are compressed at high spins. It is concluded that this compression is an intrinsic feature of shell-model calculations using two-body matrix elements developed for the description of two-body states, and that multiple core excitations need to be considered in order to accurately calculate the energy spacings of the predominantly three-quasiparticle states. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Wilson, E.; Podolyak, Zs.; Shand, C. M.; Bowry, M.; Bunce, M.; Kempley, R. S.; Lotay, G.; Reed, M. W.; Regan, P. H.; Walker, P. M.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Grawe, H.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Brown, B. A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brown, B. A.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Chiara, C. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chiara, C. J.; Zhu, S.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Carpenter, M. P.; Hoffman, C. R.; Lauritsen, T.; Seweryniak, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Fornal, B.; Cieplicka-Orynczak, N.; Szpak, B.] H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Deo, A. Y.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Dracoulis, G. D.; Lane, G. J.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys & Engn, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lotay, G.; Regan, P. H.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Triguero, C. Rodriguez] Univ Brighton, Sch Comp Engn & Math, Brighton BN2 4GL, E Sussex, England. RP Wilson, E (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM ewilson@richmond.edu RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Lane, Gregory/A-7570-2011; Hoffman, Calem/H-4325-2016; OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Lane, Gregory/0000-0003-2244-182X; Hoffman, Calem/0000-0001-7141-9827; Wilson, Emma/0000-0003-2695-9853 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40834]; NSF [PHY-140442]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N-N202-263238] FX This work is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK, the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract numbers DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-94ER40834 and NSF grant PHY-140442, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under Contract number N-N202-263238. This research used resources of ANL's ATLAS facility, which is a DOE Office of Science user facility. The contributions of the Argonne National Laboratory technical staff are gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.04.055 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800016 ER PT J AU Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Tumasyan, A Adam, W Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Ero, J Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Hartl, C Hormann, N Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Kiesenhofer, W Knunz, V Krammer, M Kratschmer, I Liko, D Mikulec, I Rabady, D Rahbaran, B Rohringer, H Schofbeck, R Strauss, J Treberer-Treberspurg, W Waltenberger, W Wulz, CE Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Gonzalez, JS Alderweireldt, S Bansal, S Cornelis, T De Wolf, EA Janssen, X Knutsson, A Lauwers, J Luyckx, S Ochesanu, S Rougny, R De Klundert, MV Van Haevermaet, H Van Mechelen, P Van Remortel, N Van Spilbeeck, A Blekman, F Blyweert, S D'Hondt, J Daci, N Heracleous, N Keaveney, J Lowette, S Maes, M Olbrechts, A Python, Q Strom, D Tavernier, S Van Doninck, W Van Mulders, P Van Onsem, GP Villella, I Caillol, C Clerbaux, B De Lentdecker, G Dobur, D Favart, L Gay, APR Grebenyuk, A Leonard, A Mohammadi, A Pernie, L Randle-Conde, A Reis, T Seva, T Thomas, L Velde, CV Vanlaer, P Wang, J Zenoni, F Adler, V Beernaert, K Benucci, L Cimmino, A Costantini, S Crucy, S Dildick, S Fagot, A Garcia, G Mccartin, J Rios, AAO Poyraz, D Ryckbosch, D Diblen, SS Sigamani, M Strobbe, N Thyssen, F Tytgat, M Yazgan, E Zaganidis, N Basegmez, S Beluffi, C Bruno, G Castello, R Caudron, A Ceard, L Da Silveira, GG Delaere, C du Pree, T Favart, D Forthomme, L Giammanco, A Hollar, J Jafari, A Jez, P Komm, M Lemaitre, V Nuttens, C Perrini, L Pin, A Piotrzkowski, K Popov, A Quertenmont, L Selvaggi, M Marono, MV Garcia, JMV Beliy, N Caebergs, T Daubie, E Hammad, GH Alda, WL Alves, GA Brito, L Martins, MC Martins, TD Molina, J Herrera, CM Pol, ME Teles, PR Carvalho, W Chinellato, J Custodio, A Da Costa, EM Damiao, DD Martins, CD De Souza, SF Malbouisson, H Figueiredo, DM Mundim, L Nogima, H Da Silva, WLP Santaolalla, J Santoro, A Sznajder, A Manganote, EJT Pereira, AV Bernardes, CA Dogra, S Tomei, TRFP Gregores, EM Mercadante, PG Novaes, SF Padula, SS Aleksandrov, A Genchev, V Hadjiiska, R Iaydjiev, P Marinov, A Piperov, S Rodozov, M Stoykova, S Sultanov, G Vutova, M Dimitrov, A Glushkov, I Litov, L Pavlov, B Petkov, P Bian, JG Chen, GM Chen, HS Chen, M Cheng, T Du, R Jiang, CH Plestina, R Romeo, F Tao, J Wang, Z Asawatangtrakuldee, C Ban, Y Li, Q Liu, S Mao, Y Qian, SJ Wang, D Xu, Z Zou, W Avila, C Cabrera, A Sierra, LFC Florez, C Gomez, JP Moreno, BG Sanabria, JC Godinovic, N Lelas, D Polic, D Puljak, I Antunovic, Z Kovac, M Brigljevic, V Kadija, K Luetic, J Mekterovic, D Sudic, L Attikis, A Mavromanolakis, G Mousa, J Nicolaou, C Ptochos, F Razis, PA Bodlak, M Finger, M Finger, M Assran, Y Elgammall, S Kame, AE Radi, A Kadastik, M Murumaa, M Raidal, M Tiko, A Eerola, P Voutilainen, M Harkonen, J Karimaki, V Kinnunen, R Kortelainen, M Lampen, T Lassila-Perini, K Lehti, S Linden, T Luukka, P Maenpaa, T Peltola, T Tuominen, E Tuominiemi, J Tuovinen, E Wendland, L Talvitie, J Tuuva, T Besancon, M Couderc, F Dejardin, M Denegri, D Fabbro, B Faure, JL Favaro, C Ferri, F Ganjour, S Givernaud, A Gras, P De Monchenault, GH Jarry, P Locci, E Malcles, J Rander, J Rosowsky, A Titov, M Baffioni, S Beaudette, F Busson, P Chapon, E Chariot, C Dahms, T Dalchenko, M Dobrzynski, L Filipovic, N Florent, A de Cassagnac, RG Mastrolorenzo, L Mine, P Naranjo, IN Nguyen, M Ochando, C Ortona, G Paganini, P Regnard, S Salerno, R Sauvan, JB Sirois, Y Veelken, C Yilmaz, Y Zabi, A Agram, JL Andrea, J Aubin, A Bloch, D Brom, JM Chabert, EC Collard, C Conte, E Fontaine, JC Gele, D Goerlach, U Goetzmann, C Le Bihan, AC Skovpen, K Van Hove, P Gadrat, S Beauceron, S Beaupere, N Bernet, C Boudoul, G Bouvier, E Brochet, S Montoya, CAC Chasserat, J Chierici, R Contardo, D Depasse, P El Mamouni, H Fan, J Fay, J Gascon, S Gouzevitch, M Ille, B Kurca, T Lethuillier, M Mirabito, L Perries, S Alvarez, JDR Sabes, D 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Sheffield, D. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomas, S. Thomassen, P. Walker, M. Rose, K. Spanier, S. York, A. Bouhali, O. Hernandez, A. Castaneda Eusebi, R. Flanagan, W. Gilmore, J. Kamon, T. Khotilovich, V. Krutelyov, V. Montalvo, R. Osipenkov, I. Pakhotin, Y. Perloff, A. Roe, J. Rose, A. Safonov, A. Suarez, I. Tatarinov, A. Ulmer, K. A. Akchurin, N. Cowden, C. Damgov, J. Dragoiu, C. Dudero, P. R. Faulkner, J. Kovitanggoon, K. Kunori, S. Lee, S. W. Libeiro, T. Volobouev, I. Appelt, E. Delannoy, A. G. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Johns, W. Maguire, C. Mao, Y. Melo, A. Sharma, M. Sheldon, P. Snook, B. Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Arenton, M. W. Boutle, S. Cox, B. Francis, B. Goodell, J. Hirosky, R. Ledovskoy, A. Li, H. Lin, C. Neu, C. Wood, J. Clarke, C. Harr, R. Karchin, P. E. Don, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Lamichhane, P. Sturdy, J. Belknap, D. A. Carlsmith, D. Cepeda, M. Dasu, S. Dodd, L. Duric, S. Friis, E. Hall-Wilton, R. Herndon, M. Herve, A. Klabbers, P. Lanaro, A. Lazaridis, C. Levine, A. Loveless, R. Mohapatra, A. Ojalvo, I. Perry, T. Pierro, G. A. Polese, G. Ross, I. Sarangi, T. Savin, A. Smith, W. H. Taylor, D. Vuosalo, C. Woods, N. CA CMS Collaboration TI Search for pair-produced resonances decaying to jet pairs in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE CMS; Physics; Dijets ID HADRON COLLIDERS; STANDARD MODEL; 3-JET RESONANCES; PP COLLISIONS; CHIRAL COLOR; SUPERSYMMETRY; PHYSICS; SQUARK AB Results are reported of a general search for pair production of heavy resonances decaying to pairs of hadronic jets in events with at least four jets. The study is based on up to 19.4 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. Limits are determined on the production of scalar top quarks (top squarks) in the framework of R-parity violating supersymmetry and on the production of color-octet vector bosons (colorons). First limits at the LHC are placed on top squark production for two scenarios. The first assumes decay to a bottom quark and a light-flavor quark and is excluded for masses between 200 and 385 GeV, and the second assumes decay to a pair of light-flavor quarks and is excluded for masses between 200 and 350 GeV at 95% confidence level. Previous limits on colorons decaying to light-flavor quarks are extended to exclude masses from 200 to 835 GeV. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. C1 [Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Eroe, J.; Friedl, M.; Fruehwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hartl, C.; Hoemann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Kiesenhofer, W.; Knuenz, V.; Krammer, M.; Kraetschmer, I.; Liko, D.; Mikulec, I.; Rabady, D.; Rahbaran, B.; Rohringer, H.; Schoefbeck, R.; Strauss, J.; Treberer-Treberspurg, W.; Waltenberger, W.; Wulz, C. -E.] Inst Hochenergiephys OeAW, Vienna, Austria. [Mossolov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Gonzalez, J. Suarez] Natl Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Alderweireldt, S.; Bansal, S.; Cornelis, T.; De Wolf, E. A.; Janssen, X.; Knutsson, A.; Lauwers, J.; Luyckx, S.; Ochesanu, S.; Rougny, R.; Van De Klundert, M.; Van Haevermaet, H.; Van Mechelen, P.; Van Remortel, N.; Van Spilbeeck, A.] Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Blekman, F.; Blyweert, S.; D'Hondt, J.; Daci, N.; Heracleous, N.; Keaveney, J.; Lowette, S.; Maes, M.; Olbrechts, A.; Python, Q.; Strom, D.; Tavernier, S.; Van Doninck, W.; Van Mulders, P.; Van Onsem, G. P.; Villella, I.] Vrije Univ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. 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H.; Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Univ & Elementary Particles, Kwangju, South Korea. [Choi, S.; Gyun, D.; Hong, B.; Jo, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, Y.; Lee, B.; Lee, K. S.; Park, S. K.; Roh, Y.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Yoo, H. D.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, M.; Kim, J. H.; Park, I. C.; Ryu, G.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, Y.; Choi, Y. K.; Goh, J.; Kim, D.; Kwon, E.; Lee, J.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Juodagalvis, A.] Vilnius State Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Komaragiri, J. R.; Ali, M. A. B. Md] Univ Malaya, Natl Ctr Particle Phys, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. [Casimiro Linares, E.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; De la Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-de la Cruz, I.; Hernandez-Almada, A.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.; Vazquez Valencia, R.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Pedraza, I.; Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Morelos Pineda, A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Krofcheck, D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, M.; Hassan, Q.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Shoaib, M.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Bialkowska, H.; Bluj, M.; Boimska, B.; Frueboes, T.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Zalewski, P.] Natl Ctr Nucl Res, Otwock, Poland. [Brona, G.; Bunkowski, K.; Cwiok, M.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.; Misiura, M.; Olszewski, M.] Univ Warsaw, Fac Phys, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Prado Da Silva, W. L.; Bargassa, P.; Beirao Da Cruz E Silva, C.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Gallinaro, M.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Nguyen, F.; Rodrigues Antunes, J.; Seixas, J.; Varela, J.; Vischia, P.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Finger, M., Jr.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Afanasiev, S.; Bunin, P.; Gavrilenko, M.; Gorbunov, I.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Konoplyanikov, V.; Laney, A.; Malakhov, A.; Matveev, V.; Moisenz, P.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Shmatov, S.; Skatchkov, N.; Smirnov, V.; Zarubin, A.; Golubev, N.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Kuznetsova, E.; Levchenko, P.; Murzin, V.; Oreshkin, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, An.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Matveev, V.; Andreev, Yu.; Dermenev, A.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Pashenkov, A.; Tlisov, D.; Toropin, A.; Musienko, Y.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Lychkovskaya, N.; Popov, V.; Pozdnyakov, I.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Spiridonov, A.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.; Starodumov, A.; Nikitenko, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Andreev, V.; Azarkin, M.; Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Leonidov, A.; Mesyats, G.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Popov, A.; Zhukov, V.; Katkov, I.; Belyaev, A.; Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Klyukhin, V.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Obraztsov, S.; Petrushanko, S.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Azhgirey, I.; Bayshev, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Kachanov, V.; Kalinin, A.; Konstantinov, D.; Krychkine, V.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Sobol, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.] State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Ekmedzic, M.; Milosevic, J.; Rekovic, V.; Milenovic, P.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Adzic, P.; Ekmedzic, M.; Milosevic, J.; Rekovic, V.; Milenovic, P.] Univ Belgrade, Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Battilana, C.; Calvo, E.; Cerrada, M.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Colino, N.; De la Cruz, B.; Delgado Peris, A.; Dominguez Vazquez, D.; Escalante Del Valle, A.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Navarro De Martino, E.; Perez-Calero Yzquierdo, A.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Quintario Olmeda, A.; Redondo, I.; Romero, L.; Soares, M. S.] CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambient & Tecnol, Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; de Troconiz, J. F.; Missiroli, M.; Moran, D.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Brun, H.; Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Folgueras, S.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Graziano, A.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Matorras, F.; Munoz Sanchez, F. J.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Rodrigo, T.; Rodriguez-Marrero, A. Y.; Ruiz-Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria IFCA, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Rabady, D.; Pernie, L.; Genchev, V.; Boudoul, G.; Contardo, D.; Lingemann, J.; Hartmann, F.; Kornmayer, A.; Mohanty, A. K.; Radogna, R.; Sharma, A.; Silvestris, L.; Giordano, F.; Gennai, S.; Gerosa, R.; Lucchini, M. T.; Marzocchi, B.; Di Guida, S.; Meola, S.; Paolucci, P.; Ciangottini, D.; Spiezia, A.; Donato, S.; Palla, F.; Micheli, F.; Traczyk, P.; Casasso, S.; Finco, L.; Candelise, V.; Abbaneo, D.; Auffray, E.; Auzinger, G.; Bachtis, M.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Barney, D.; Benaglia, A.; Bendavid, J.; Benhabib, L.; Benitez, J. F.; Bloch, P.; Bocci, A.; Bonato, A.; Bondu, O.; Botta, C.; Breuker, H.; Camporesi, T.; Cerminara, G.; Colafranceschi, S.; D'Alfonso, M.; d'Enterria, D.; Dabrowski, A.; David, A.; De Guio, F.; De Roeck, A.; De Visscher, S.; Di Marco, E.; Dobson, M.; Dordevic, M.; Dorney, B.; Dupont-Sagorin, N.; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Franzoni, G.; Funk, W.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Girone, M.; Glege, F.; Guida, R.; Gundacker, S.; Guthoff, M.; Hammer, J.; Hansen, M.; Harris, P.; Hegeman, J.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Kousouris, K.; Krajczar, K.; Lecoq, P.; Lourenco, C.; Magini, N.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Marrouche, J.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Moortgat, F.; Morovic, S.; Mulders, M.; Orsini, L.; Pape, L.; Perez, E.; Petrilli, A.; Petrucciani, G.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pimiae, M.; Piparo, D.; Plagge, M.; Racz, A.; Rolandi, G.; Rovere, M.; Sakulin, H.; Schaefer, C.; Schwick, C.; Siegrist, P.; Silva, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Steggemann, J.; Stieger, B.; Stoye, M.; Takahashi, Y.; Treille, D.; Tsirou, A.; Veres, G. I.; Wardle, N.; Woehri, H. K.; Wollny, H.; Zeuner, W. D.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Naegeli, C.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Bachmair, F.; Baeni, L.; Bianchini, L.; Buchmann, M. A.; Casal, B.; Chanon, N.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Donega, M.; Duenser, M.; Eller, P.; Grab, C.; Hits, D.; Hoss, J.; Lustermann, W.; Mangano, B.; Marini, A. C.; Marionneau, M.; del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz; Masciovecchio, M.; Meister, D.; Mohr, N.; Musella, P.; Naegeli, C.; Nessi-Tedaldi, E.; Pandolfi, F.; Pauss, F.; Perrozzi, L.; Peruzzi, M.; Quittnat, M.; Rebane, L.; Rossini, M.; Starodumov, A.; Takahashi, M.; Theofilatos, K.; Wallny, It; Weber, H. A.] ETH, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Amsler, C.; Canelli, M. F.; Chiochia, V.; De Cosa, A.; Hinzmann, A.; Hreus, T.; Kilminster, B.; Lange, C.; Mejias, B. Millan; Ngadiuba, J.; Pinna, D.; Robmann, P.; Ronga, F. J.; Taroni, S.; Verzetti, M.; Yang, Y.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Cardaci, M.; Chen, K. H.; Ferro, C.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W.; Lu, Y. J.; Volpe, R.; Yu, S. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Chang, P.; Chang, Y. H.; Chao, Y.; Chen, P. H.; Dietz, C.; Grundler, U.; Hou, W. -S.; Liu, Y. F.; Lu, R. -S.; Petrakou, E.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Wilken, R.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Asavapibhop, B.; Singh, G.; Srimanobhas, N.; Suwonjandee, N.] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok, Thailand. [Adiguzel, A.; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dozen, C.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gokbulut, G.; Guler, Y.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Kangal, E. E.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Onengut, G.; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Cerci, D. Sunar; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Vergili, M.; Zorbilmez, C.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Akin, I. V.; Bilin, B.; Bilmis, S.; Gamsizkan, H.; Isildak, B.; Karapinar, G.; Ocalan, K.; Sekmen, S.; Surat, U. E.; Yalvac, M.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Albayrak, E. A.; Gulmez, E.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Yetkin, T.] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Cankocak, K.; Vardarli, F. I.] Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. [Levchuk, L.; Sorokin, P.] Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Brooke, J. J.; Clement, E.; Cussans, D.; Flacher, H.; Goldstein, J.; Grimes, M.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Jacob, J.; Kreczko, L.; Lucas, C.; Meng, Z.; Newbold, D. M.; Paramesvaran, S.; Poll, A.; Sakuma, T.; El Nasr-Storey, S. Seif; Senkin, S.; Smith, V. J.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Belyaev, A.; Newbold, D. M.; Bell, K. W.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Thea, A.; Tomalin, I. R.; Williams, T.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.; Lucas, R.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Baber, M.; Bainbridge, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Burton, D.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Dauncey, P.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Dunne, P.; Elwood, A.; Ferguson, W.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Hall, G.; Iles, G.; Jarvis, M.; Karapostoli, G.; Kenzie, M.; Lane, R.; Lucas, R.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A. -M.; Malik, S.; Mathias, B.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Pela, J.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Raymond, D. M.; Rogerson, S.; Rose, A.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Tapper, A.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Virdee, T.; Zenz, S. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Theofilatos, K.; Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leggat, D.; Leslie, D.; Reid, I. D.; Symonds, P.; Turner, M.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Dittmann, J.; Hatakeyama, K.; Kasmi, A.; Liu, H.; Scarborough, T.; Wu, Z.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Charaf, O.; Cooper, S. I.; Henderson, C.; Rumerio, P.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Avetisyan, A.; Bose, T.; Fantasia, C.; Lawson, P.; Richardson, C.; Rohlf, J.; St John, J.; Sulak, L.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bhattacharya, S.; Alimena, J.; Berry, E.; Christopher, G.; Cutts, D.; Demiragli, Z.; Dhingra, N.; Ferapontov, A.; Garabedian, A.; Heintz, U.; Kukartsev, G.; Laird, E.; Landsberg, G.; Luk, M.; Narain, M.; Segala, M.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Speer, T.; Swanson, J.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Breedon, R.; Breto, G.; Sanchez, M. Calderon De la Barca; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Conway, R.; Cox, P. T.; Erbacher, R.; Gardner, M.; Ko, W.; Lander, R.; Mulhearn, M.; Pellett, D.; Pilot, J.; Ricci-Tam, F.; Shalhout, S.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Stolp, D.; Tripathi, M.; Wilbur, S.; Yohay, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weber, M.; Cousins, R.; Everaerts, P.; Farrell, C.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Rakness, G.; Takasugi, E.; Valuev, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Burt, K.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Hanson, G.; Heilman, J.; Rikova, M. Ivova; Jandir, P.; Kennedy, E.; Lacroix, F.; Long, O. R.; Luthra, A.; Malberti, M.; Negrete, M. Olmedo; Shrinivas, A.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Sharma, V.; Branson, J. G.; Cerati, G. B.; Cittolin, S.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Klein, D.; Letts, J.; Macneill, I.; Olivito, D.; Padhi, S.; Palmer, C.; Pieri, M.; Sani, M.; Simon, S.; Tadel, M.; Tu, Y.; Vartak, A.; Welke, C.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.; Della Porta, G. Zevi] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Barge, D.; Bradmiller-Feld, J.; Campagnari, C.; Danielson, T.; Dishaw, A.; Dutta, V.; Flowers, K.; Sevilla, M. Franco; Geffert, P.; George, C.; Golf, E.; Gouskos, L.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Mccoll, N.; Mullin, S. D.; Richman, J.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; West, C.; Yoo, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Dubinin, M.; Apresyan, A.; Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Duarte, J.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Pena, C.; Pierini, M.; Spiropulu, M.; Vlimant, J. R.; Wilkinson, R.; Xie, S.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Azzolini, V.; Calamba, A.; Carlson, B.; Ferguson, T.; Liyama, Y.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cumalat, J. P.; Ford, W. T.; Gaz, A.; Krohn, M.; Lopez, E. Luiggi; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Stenson, K.; Wagner, S. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Chaves, J.; Chu, J.; Dittmer, S.; Eggert, N.; Mirman, N.; Kaufman, G. Nicolas; Patterson, J. R.; Ryd, A.; Salvati, E.; Skinnari, L.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Tucker, J.; Weng, Y.; Winstrom, L.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Anderson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bolla, G.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gottschalk, E.; Gray, L.; Green, D.; Gruenendahl, S.; Gutsche, O.; Hanlon, J.; Hare, D.; Harris, R. M.; Hirschauer, J.; Hooberman, B.; Jindariani, S.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Klima, B.; Kreis, B.; Kwan, S.; Linacre, J.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Liu, T.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Outschoorn, V. I. Martinez; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Merkel, P.; Mishra, K.; Mrenna, S.; Nahn, S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Prokofyev, O.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sharma, S.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Tran, N. V.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Verzocchi, M.; Vidal, R.; Whitbeck, A.; Whitmore, J.; Yang, F.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bortignon, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Carver, M.; Curry, D.; Das, S.; De Gruttola, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Field, R. D.; Fisher, M.; Furic, I. K.; Hugon, J.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kypreos, T.; Low, J. F.; Matchev, K.; Mei, H.; Milenovic, P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Muniz, L.; Rinkevicius, A.; Shchutska, L.; Snowball, M.; Sperka, D.; Yelton, J.; Zakaria, M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Hewamanage, S.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Askew, A.; Bochenek, J.; Diamond, B.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Johnson, K. F.; Prosper, H.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Weinberg, M.; Adams, M. R.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baarmand, M. M.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Yumiceva, F.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Adams, M. R.; Apanasevich, L.; Berry, D.; Betts, R. R.; Bucinskaite, I.; Cavanaugh, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Gauthier, L.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, Dj.; Kurt, P.; O'Brien, C.; Gonzalez, I. D. Sandoval; Silkworth, C.; Turner, P.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Dilsiz, K.; Haytmyradov, M.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Ogul, H.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Penzo, A.; Rahmat, R.; Sen, S.; Tan, P.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Anderson, I.; Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bolognesi, S.; Fehling, D.; Gritsan, A. V.; Maksimovic, P.; Martin, C.; Swartz, M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Benelli, G.; Bruner, C.; Gray, J.; Kenny, R. P., III; Majumder, D.; Malek, M.; Murray, M.; Noonan, D.; Sanders, S.; Sekaric, J.; Stringer, R.; Wang, Q.; Wood, J. S.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Chakaberia, I.; Ivanov, A.; Kaadze, K.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Saini, L. K.; Skhirtladze, N.; Svintradze, I.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gronberg, J.; Lange, D.; Rebassoo, F.; Wright, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Baden, A.; Belloni, A.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Jabeen, S.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kolberg, T.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Pedro, K.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moreno, B. Gomez; Apyan, A.; Barbieri, R.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; Di Matteo, L.; Ceballos, G. Gomez; Goncharov, M.; Gulhan, D.; Klute, M.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y. -J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Paus, C.; Ralph, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sumorok, K.; Velicanu, D.; Veverka, J.; Wyslouch, B.; Yang, M.; Zanetti, M.; Zhukova, V.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dahmes, B.; Gude, A.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Pastika, N.; Rusack, R.; Singovsky, A.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.] Univ Mississippi, Oxford, MS USA. [Avdeeva, E.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Suarez, R. Gonzalez; Keller, J.; Knowlton, D.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Meier, F.; Ratnikov, F.; Snow, G. R.; Zvada, M.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Kumar, A.; Dolen, J.; Godshalk, A.; Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Rappoccio, S.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Tricomi, A.; Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Massironi, A.; Morse, D. M.; Nash, D.; Orimoto, T.; Wang, R. -J.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hahn, K. A.; Kubik, A.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Pollack, B.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Schmitt, M.; Stoynev, S.; Sung, K.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Musienko, Y.; Pearson, T.; Planer, M.; Ruchti, R.; Smith, G.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Woodard, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Antonelli, L.; Brinson, J.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Flowers, S.; Hart, A.; Hill, C.; Hughes, R.; Kotov, K.; Ling, T. Y.; Luo, W.; Puigh, D.; Rodenburg, M.; Winer, B. L.; Wolfe, H.; Wulsin, H. W.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH USA. [Driga, O.; Elmer, P.; Hardenbrook, J.; Hebda, P.; Koay, S. A.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Piroue, P.; Quan, X.; Saka, H.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Zuranski, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malik, S.; Brownson, E.; Mendez, H.; Vargas, J. E. Ramirez] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Savoy-Navarro, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Bortoletto, D.; De Mattia, M.; Gutay, L.; Hu, Z.; Jha, M. K.; Jones, M.; Jung, K.; Kress, M.; Leonardo, N.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Primavera, F.; Radburn-Smith, B. 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G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Melo, A.; Sharma, M.; Sheldon, P.; Snook, B.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Arenton, M. W.; Boutle, S.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Wood, J.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Don, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Friis, E.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Herve, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Lazaridis, C.; Levine, A.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ross, I.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Vuosalo, C.; Woods, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Fruehwirth, R.; Jeitler, M.; Krammer, M.; Wulz, C. -E.] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Chinellato, J.; Tonelli Manganote, E. 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[Moon, C. S.] CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. [Kim, V.] St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Leonard, A.; Azarkin, M.; Dremin, I.] Natl Res Nucl Univ, Moscow Engn Phys Inst MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. [Colafranceschi, S.] Univ Rome, Fac Ingn, Rome, Italy. [Amsler, C.] Albert Einstein Ctr Fundamental Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Bakirci, M. N.; Ozturk, S.; Topakli, H.] Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Tokat, Turkey. [Cerci, S.; Cerci, D. Sunar; Tali, B.] Adiyaman Univ, Adiyaman, Turkey. [Onengut, G.] Cag Univ, Mersin, Turkey. [Gamsizkan, H.] Anadolu Univ, Eskisehir, Turkey. [Isildak, B.] Ozyegin Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Karapinar, G.] Izmir Inst Technol, Izmir, Turkey. [Ocalan, K.] Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Konya, Turkey. [Albayrak, E. A.; Ozok, F.] Mimar Sinan Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Kaya, M.] Marmara Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Kaya, O.] Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey. [Yetkin, T.] Yildiz Tekn Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Belyaev, A.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton, Hants, England. [Bilki, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mermerkaya, H.] Erzincan Univ, Erzincan, Turkey. [Bouhali, O.] Texas A&M Univ Qatar, Doha, Qatar. RP Khachatryan, V (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Sguazzoni, Giacomo/J-4620-2015; Ligabue, Franco/F-3432-2014; Goh, Junghwan/Q-3720-2016; Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Govoni, Pietro/K-9619-2016; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; Yazgan, Efe/C-4521-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Ogul, Hasan/S-7951-2016; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/L-4142-2016; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Da Silveira, Gustavo Gil/N-7279-2014; Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia/L-3893-2016; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Haj Ahmad, Wael/E-6738-2016; Konecki, Marcin/G-4164-2015; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Xie, Si/O-6830-2016; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Andreev, Vladimir/M-8665-2015; Vinogradov, Alexey/O-2375-2015; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Lokhtin, Igor/D-7004-2012; Manganote, Edmilson/K-8251-2013; Fano, Livio/K-2460-2015; Grandi, Claudio/B-5654-2015; Rovelli, Tiziano/K-4432-2015; Dremin, Igor/K-8053-2015; VARDARLI, Fuat Ilkehan/B-6360-2013; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Dogra, Sunil /B-5330-2013; Leonidov, Andrey/M-4440-2013; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Perez-Calero Yzquierdo, Antonio/F-2235-2013; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/I-7972-2012; Tomei, Thiago/E-7091-2012; Dubinin, Mikhail/I-3942-2016; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; Kirakosyan, Martin/N-2701-2015; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Seixas, Joao/F-5441-2013; Petrushanko, Sergey/D-6880-2012; Cakir, Altan/P-1024-2015; Montanari, Alessandro/J-2420-2012; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; Gennai, Simone/P-2880-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Menasce, Dario/A-2168-2016; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Azarkin, Maxim/N-2578-2015; de Jesus Damiao, Dilson/G-6218-2012; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/L-1203-2014; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015 OI Benaglia, Andrea Davide/0000-0003-1124-8450; Covarelli, Roberto/0000-0003-1216-5235; Ciulli, Vitaliano/0000-0003-1947-3396; Androsov, Konstantin/0000-0003-2694-6542; Fiorendi, Sara/0000-0003-3273-9419; Martelli, Arabella/0000-0003-3530-2255; Gonzi, Sandro/0000-0003-4754-645X; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Di Matteo, Leonardo/0000-0001-6698-1735; Baarmand, Marc/0000-0002-9792-8619; Boccali, Tommaso/0000-0002-9930-9299; Gerosa, Raffaele/0000-0001-8359-3734; Bilki, Burak/0000-0001-9515-3306; Sguazzoni, Giacomo/0000-0002-0791-3350; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Ligabue, Franco/0000-0002-1549-7107; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Tricomi, Alessia Rita/0000-0002-5071-5501; Ghezzi, Alessio/0000-0002-8184-7953; Demaria, Natale/0000-0003-0743-9465; Goh, Junghwan/0000-0002-1129-2083; Flix, Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Ogul, Hasan/0000-0002-5121-2893; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/0000-0003-3177-4626; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Da Silveira, Gustavo Gil/0000-0003-3514-7056; Mora Herrera, Maria Clemencia/0000-0003-3915-3170; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Haj Ahmad, Wael/0000-0003-1491-0446; Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; Fano, Livio/0000-0002-9007-629X; Grandi, Claudio/0000-0001-5998-3070; Rovelli, Tiziano/0000-0002-9746-4842; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Perez-Calero Yzquierdo, Antonio/0000-0003-3036-7965; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Tomei, Thiago/0000-0002-1809-5226; Dubinin, Mikhail/0000-0002-7766-7175; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842; Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Menasce, Dario/0000-0002-9918-1686; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; de Jesus Damiao, Dilson/0000-0002-3769-1680; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/0000-0002-1100-2963; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547 FU BMWFW (Austria); FWF (Austria); FNRS (Belgium); FWO (Belgium); CNPq (Brazil); CAPES (Brazil); FAPERJ (Brazil); FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS (China); MOST (China); NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER (Estonia); ERC IUT (Estonia); ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland (Finland); CSF (Finland); HIP (Finland); CEA (France); CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF (Germany); DFG (Germany); HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA (Hungary); NIH (Hungary); DAE (India); DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP (Republic of Korea); NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE (Malaysia); UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV (Mexico); CONACYT (Mexico); SEP (Mexico); UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE (Poland); NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON (Russia); RosAtom (Russia); RAS (Russia); RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI (Spain); CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter (Thailand); IPST (Thailand); STAR (Thailand); NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE (USA); NSF (USA); Marie-Curie program; European Research Council; EPLANET (European Union); Leventis Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; HOMING PLUS program of Foundation For Polish Science; European Union, Regional Development Fund; Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR (Italy) [20108T4XTM]; EU-ESF; Greek NSRF; National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund FX We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies; BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation For Polish Science, co-financed from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 12 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 98 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.04.045 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800018 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, L Adkins, JK Agakishiev, G Aggarwal, MM Ahammed, Z Alekseev, I Alford, J Aparin, A Arkhipkin, D Aschenauer, EC Averichev, GS Banerjee, A Bellwied, R Bhasin, A Bhati, AK Bhattarai, R Bielcik, J Bielcikova, J Bland, LC Bordyuzhin, IG Bouchet, J Brandin, AV Bunzarov, I Burton, TP Butterworth, J Caines, H S'anchez, MCD Campbell, JM Cebra, D Cervantes, MC Chakaberia, I Chaloupka, P Chang, Z Chattopadhyay, S Chen, JH Chen, X Cheng, J Cherney, M Christie, W Codrington, MJM Contin, G Crawford, HJ Das, S De Silva, LC Debbe, RR Dedovich, TG Deng, J Derevschikov, AA di Ruzza, B Didenko, L Dilks, C Dong, X Drachenberg, JL Draper, JE Du, CM Dunkelberger, LE Dunlop, JC Efimov, LG Engelage, J Eppley, G Esha, R Evdokimov, O Eyser, O Fatemi, R Fazio, S Federic, P Fedorisin, J Feng Filip, P Fisyak, Y Flores, CE Fulek, L Gagliardi, CA Garand, D Geurts, F Gibson, A Girard, M Greiner, L Grosnick, D Gunarathne, DS Guo, Y Gupta, S Gupta, A Guryn, W Hamad, A Hamed, A Hague, R Harris, JW He, L Heppelmann, S Hirsch, A Hoffmann, GW Hofman, DJ Horvat, S Huang, HZ Huang, X Huang, B Huck, P Humanic, TJ Igo, G Jacobs, WW Jang, H Jiang, K Judd, EG Kabana, S Kalinkin, D Kang, K Kauder, K Ke, HW Keane, D Kechechyan, A Khan, ZH Kikola, DP Kisel, I Kisiel, A Koetke, DD Kollegger, T Kosarzewski, LK Kotchenda, L Kraishan, AF Kravtsov, R Krueger, K Kulakov, I Kumar, L Kycia, RA Lamont, MAC Landgraf, JM Landry, KD Lauret, J Lebedev, A Lednicky, R Lee, JH Li, X Li, X Li, W Li, ZM Li, Y Li, C Lisa, MA Liu, F Ljubicic, T Llope, WJ Lomnitz, M Longacre, RS Luo, X Ma, L Ma, R Ma, GL Ma, YG Magdy, N Majka, R Manion, A Margetis, S Markert, C Masui, H Matis, HS McDonald, D Meehan, K Minaev, NG Mioduszewski, S Mohanty, B Mondal, MM Morozov, DA Mustafa, MK Nandi, BK Nasim, M Nayak, TK Nigmatkulov, G Nogach, LV Noh, SY Novak, J Nurushev, SB Odyniec, G Ogawa, A Oh, K Okorokov, V Olvitt, DL Page, BS Pan, YX Pandit, Y Panebratsev, Y Pawlak, T Pawlik, B Pei, H Perkins, C Peterson, A Pile, P Planinic, M Pluta, J Poljak, N Poniatowska, K Porter, J Posik, M Poskanzer, AM Pruthi, NK Putschke, J Qiu, H Quintero, A Ramachandran, S Raniwala, R Raniwala, S Ray, RL Ritter, HG Roberts, JB Rogachevskiy, OV Romero, JL Roy, A Ruan, L Rusnak, J Rusnakova, O Sahoo, NR Sahu, PK Sakrejda, I Salur, S Sandacz, A Sandweiss, J Sarkar, A Schambach, J Scharenberg, RP Schmah, AM Schmidke, WB Schmitz, N Seger, J Seyboth, P Shah, N Shahaliev, E Shanmuganathan, PV Shao, M Sharma, MK Sharma, B Shen, WQ Shi, SS Shou, QY Sichtermann, EP Sikora, R Simko, M Skoby, MJ Smirnov, N Smirnov, D Solanki, D Song, L Sorensen, P Spinka, HM Srivastava, B Stanislaus, TDS Stock, R Strikhanov, M Stringfellow, B Sumbera, M Summa, BJ Sun, Y Sun, Z Sun, XM Sun, X Surrow, B Svirida, DN Szelezniak, MA Takahashi, J Tang, AH Tang, Z Tarnowsky, T Tawfik, AN Thomas, JH Timmins, AR Tlusty, D Tokarev, M Trentalange, S Tribble, RE Tribedy, P Tripathy, SK Trzeciak, BA Tsai, OD Ullrich, T Underwood, DG Upsal, I Van Buren, G van Nieuwenhuizen, G Vandenbroucke, M Varma, R Vasiliev, AN Vertesi, R Videbaek, F Viyogi, YP Vokal, S Voloshin, SA Vossen, A Wang, Y Wang, F Wang, H Wang, JS Wang, G Wang, Y Webb, JC Webb, G Wen, L Westfall, GD Wieman, H Wissink, SW Witt, R Wu, YF Xiao, Z Xie, W Xin, K Xu, Z Xu, QH Xu, N Xu, H Xu, YF Yang, Y Yang, C Yang, S Yang, Q Yang, Y Ye, Z Yepes, P Yi, L Yip, K Yoo, IK Yu, N Zbroszczyk, H Zha, W Zhang, JB Zhang, XP Zhang, S Zhang, J Zhang, Z Zhang, Y Zhang, JL Zhao, F Zhao, J Zhong, C Zhou, L Zhu, X Zoulkarneeva, Y Zyzak, M AF Adamczyk, L. Adkins, J. K. Agakishiev, G. Aggarwal, M. M. Ahammed, Z. Alekseev, I. Alford, J. Aparin, A. Arkhipkin, D. Aschenauer, E. C. Averichev, G. S. Banerjee, A. Bellwied, R. Bhasin, A. Bhati, A. K. Bhattarai, R. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. Bland, L. C. Bordyuzhin, I. G. Bouchet, J. Brandin, A. V. Bunzarov, I. Burton, T. P. Butterworth, J. Caines, H. S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca Campbell, J. M. Cebra, D. Cervantes, M. C. Chakaberia, I. Chaloupka, P. Chang, Z. Chattopadhyay, S. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Cheng, J. Cherney, M. Christie, W. Codrington, M. J. M. Contin, G. Crawford, H. J. Das, S. De Silva, L. C. Debbe, R. R. Dedovich, T. G. Deng, J. Derevschikov, A. A. di Ruzza, B. Didenko, L. Dilks, C. Dong, X. Drachenberg, J. L. Draper, J. E. Du, C. M. Dunkelberger, L. E. Dunlop, J. C. Efimov, L. G. Engelage, J. Eppley, G. Esha, R. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, O. Fatemi, R. Fazio, S. Federic, P. Fedorisin, J. Feng Filip, P. Fisyak, Y. Flores, C. E. Fulek, L. Gagliardi, C. A. Garand, D. Geurts, F. Gibson, A. Girard, M. Greiner, L. Grosnick, D. Gunarathne, D. S. Guo, Y. Gupta, S. Gupta, A. Guryn, W. Hamad, A. Hamed, A. Hague, R. Harris, J. W. He, L. Heppelmann, S. Hirsch, A. Hoffmann, G. W. Hofman, D. J. Horvat, S. Huang, H. Z. Huang, X. Huang, B. Huck, P. Humanic, T. J. Igo, G. Jacobs, W. W. Jang, H. Jiang, K. Judd, E. G. Kabana, S. Kalinkin, D. Kang, K. Kauder, K. Ke, H. W. Keane, D. Kechechyan, A. Khan, Z. H. Kikola, D. P. Kisel, I. Kisiel, A. Koetke, D. D. Kollegger, T. Kosarzewski, L. K. Kotchenda, L. Kraishan, A. F. Kravtsov, R. Krueger, K. Kulakov, I. Kumar, L. Kycia, R. A. Lamont, M. A. C. Landgraf, J. M. Landry, K. D. Lauret, J. Lebedev, A. Lednicky, R. Lee, J. H. Li, X. Li, X. Li, W. Li, Z. M. Li, Y. Li, C. Lisa, M. A. Liu, F. Ljubicic, T. Llope, W. J. Lomnitz, M. Longacre, R. S. Luo, X. Ma, L. Ma, R. Ma, G. L. Ma, Y. G. Magdy, N. Majka, R. Manion, A. Margetis, S. Markert, C. Masui, H. Matis, H. S. McDonald, D. Meehan, K. Minaev, N. G. Mioduszewski, S. Mohanty, B. Mondal, M. M. Morozov, D. A. Mustafa, M. K. Nandi, B. K. Nasim, Md. Nayak, T. K. Nigmatkulov, G. Nogach, L. V. Noh, S. Y. Novak, J. Nurushev, S. B. Odyniec, G. Ogawa, A. Oh, K. Okorokov, V. Olvitt, D. L., Jr. Page, B. S. Pan, Y. X. Pandit, Y. Panebratsev, Y. Pawlak, T. Pawlik, B. Pei, H. Perkins, C. Peterson, A. Pile, P. Planinic, M. Pluta, J. Poljak, N. Poniatowska, K. Porter, J. Posik, M. Poskanzer, A. M. Pruthi, N. K. Putschke, J. Qiu, H. Quintero, A. Ramachandran, S. Raniwala, R. Raniwala, S. Ray, R. L. Ritter, H. G. Roberts, J. B. Rogachevskiy, O. V. Romero, J. L. Roy, A. Ruan, L. Rusnak, J. Rusnakova, O. Sahoo, N. R. Sahu, P. K. Sakrejda, I. Salur, S. Sandacz, A. Sandweiss, J. Sarkar, A. Schambach, J. Scharenberg, R. P. Schmah, A. M. Schmidke, W. B. Schmitz, N. Seger, J. Seyboth, P. Shah, N. Shahaliev, E. Shanmuganathan, P. V. Shao, M. Sharma, M. K. Sharma, B. Shen, W. Q. Shi, S. S. Shou, Q. Y. Sichtermann, E. P. Sikora, R. Simko, M. Skoby, M. J. Smirnov, N. Smirnov, D. Solanki, D. Song, L. Sorensen, P. Spinka, H. M. Srivastava, B. Stanislaus, T. D. S. Stock, R. Strikhanov, M. Stringfellow, B. Sumbera, M. Summa, B. J. Sun, Y. Sun, Z. Sun, X. M. Sun, X. Surrow, B. Svirida, D. N. Szelezniak, M. A. Takahashi, J. Tang, A. H. Tang, Z. Tarnowsky, T. Tawfik, A. N. Thomas, J. H. Timmins, A. R. Tlusty, D. Tokarev, M. Trentalange, S. Tribble, R. E. Tribedy, P. Tripathy, S. K. Trzeciak, B. A. Tsai, O. D. Ullrich, T. Underwood, D. G. Upsal, I. Van Buren, G. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. Vandenbroucke, M. Varma, R. Vasiliev, A. N. Vertesi, R. Videbaek, F. Viyogi, Y. P. Vokal, S. Voloshin, S. A. Vossen, A. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Wang, H. Wang, J. S. Wang, G. Wang, Y. Webb, J. C. Webb, G. Wen, L. Westfall, G. D. Wieman, H. Wissink, S. W. Witt, R. Wu, Y. F. Xiao, Z. Xie, W. Xin, K. Xu, Z. Xu, Q. H. Xu, N. Xu, H. Xu, Y. F. Yang, Y. Yang, C. Yang, S. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, Z. Yepes, P. Yi, L. Yip, K. Yoo, I. -K. Yu, N. Zbroszczyk, H. Zha, W. Zhang, J. B. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, S. Zhang, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhao, F. Zhao, J. Zhong, C. Zhou, L. Zhu, X. Zoulkarneeva, Y. Zyzak, M. CA STAR Collaboration TI Long-range pseudorapidity dihadron correlations in d plus Au collisions at root S-NN=200 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; P-PB COLLISIONS; ANGULAR-CORRELATIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=5.02 TEV; COLLECTIVE FLOW; PPB COLLISIONS; STAR; COLLABORATION AB Dihadron angular correlations in d + Au collisions at root S-NN = 200 GeV are reported as a function of the measured zero-degree calorimeter neutral energy and the forward charged hadron multiplicity in the Au-beam direction. A finite correlated yield is observed at large relative pseudorapidity (Delta eta) on the near side (i.e. relative azimuth Delta phi similar to 0). This correlated yield as a function of Delta eta appears to scale with the dominant, primarily jet-related, away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) yield. The Fourier coefficients of the Delta phi correlation, V-n = < cosn Delta phi >, have a strong Delta eta dependence. In addition, it is found that V-1 is approximately inversely proportional to the mid-rapidity event multiplicity, while V-2 is independent of it with similar magnitude in the forward (d-going) and backward (Au-going) directions. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Adamczyk, L.; Fulek, L.; Sikora, R.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Underwood, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Bland, L. C.; Burton, T. P.; Chakaberia, I.; Christie, W.; Debbe, R. R.; di Ruzza, B.; Didenko, L.; Dunlop, J. C.; Eyser, O.; Fazio, S.; Fisyak, Y.; Guryn, W.; Ke, H. W.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, J. H.; Ljubicic, T.; Longacre, R. S.; Ma, R.; Ogawa, A.; Pile, P.; Ruan, L.; Schmidke, W. B.; Smirnov, D.; Sorensen, P.; Tang, A. H.; Ullrich, T.; Van Buren, G.; Videbaek, F.; Wang, H.; Webb, J. C.; Xu, Z.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Judd, E. G.; Perkins, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [S'anchez, M. Calder'on de la Barca; Cebra, D.; Draper, J. E.; Flores, C. E.; Meehan, K.; Romero, J. L.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dunkelberger, L. E.; Esha, R.; Huang, H. Z.; Igo, G.; Landry, K. D.; Nasim, Md.; Pan, Y. X.; Shah, N.; Trentalange, S.; Tsai, O. D.; Wang, G.; Wen, L.; Zhao, F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Takahashi, J.] Univ Estadual Campinas, BR-13131 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Feng; Huck, P.; Li, Z. M.; Liu, F.; Luo, X.; Pei, H.; Sun, X. M.; Wang, Y.; Wu, Y. F.; Yang, Y.; Yu, N.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhao, J.] Cent China Normal Univ HZNU, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Evdokimov, O.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Kauder, K.; Khan, Z. H.; Pandit, Y.; Ye, Z.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Cherney, M.; De Silva, L. C.; Seger, J.] Creighton Univ, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. [Bielcik, J.; Chaloupka, P.; Rusnakova, O.; Trzeciak, B. A.] Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic. [Bielcikova, J.; Federic, P.; Rusnak, J.; Simko, M.; Sumbera, M.; Tlusty, D.; Vertesi, R.] Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Rez 25068, Czech Republic. [Kisel, I.; Kollegger, T.; Kulakov, I.; Stock, R.; Zyzak, M.] Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Das, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Tripathy, S. K.] Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Nandi, B. K.; Sarkar, A.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Jacobs, W. W.; Page, B. S.; Skoby, M. J.; Vossen, A.; Wissink, S. W.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Alekseev, I.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Kalinkin, D.; Svirida, D. N.] Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, S.; Gupta, A.; Sharma, M. K.] Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. [Agakishiev, G.; Aparin, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bunzarov, I.; Dedovich, T. G.; Efimov, L. G.; Fedorisin, J.; Filip, P.; Kechechyan, A.; Lednicky, R.; Panebratsev, Y.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Shahaliev, E.; Tokarev, M.; Vokal, S.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Alford, J.; Bouchet, J.; Hamad, A.; Kabana, S.; Keane, D.; Lomnitz, M.; Margetis, S.; Quintero, A.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Adkins, J. K.; Fatemi, R.; Ramachandran, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jang, H.; Noh, S. Y.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Chen, X.; Du, C. M.; Sun, Z.; Wang, J. S.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.] Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Contin, G.; Dong, X.; Greiner, L.; Manion, A.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Mustafa, M. K.; Odyniec, G.; Porter, J.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Qiu, H.; Ritter, H. G.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Schmah, A. M.; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sun, X.; Szelezniak, M. A.; Thomas, J. H.; Wieman, H.; Xu, N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Nieuwenhuizen, G.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schmitz, N.; Seyboth, P.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Novak, J.; Tarnowsky, T.; Westfall, G. D.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Brandin, A. V.; Kotchenda, L.; Kravtsov, R.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Okorokov, V.; Strikhanov, M.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Hague, R.; Mohanty, B.] Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India. [Campbell, J. M.; Humanic, T. J.; Lisa, M. A.; Peterson, A.; Upsal, I.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kycia, R. A.; Pawlik, B.] Inst Nucl Phys PAN, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Aggarwal, M. M.; Bhati, A. K.; Kumar, L.; Pruthi, N. K.; Sharma, B.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Dilks, C.; Heppelmann, S.; Summa, B. J.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Derevschikov, A. A.; Minaev, N. G.; Morozov, D. A.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Vasiliev, A. N.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia. [Garand, D.; He, L.; Hirsch, A.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B.; Stringfellow, B.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Yi, L.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Oh, K.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Solanki, D.] Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Butterworth, J.; Eppley, G.; Geurts, F.; Roberts, J. B.; Xin, K.; Yepes, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Guo, Y.; Jiang, K.; Li, C.; Shao, M.; Sun, Y.; Tang, Z.; Yang, C.; Yang, S.; Zha, W.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Deng, J.; Xu, Q. H.; Zhang, J. L.] Shandong Univ, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Chen, J. H.; Li, W.; Ma, L.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, Y. G.; Shen, W. Q.; Shou, Q. Y.; Xu, Y. F.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhong, C.] Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Gunarathne, D. S.; Kraishan, A. F.; Li, X.; Olvitt, D. L., Jr.; Posik, M.; Surrow, B.; Vandenbroucke, M.] Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Cervantes, M. C.; Chang, Z.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Hamad, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mondal, M. M.; Sahoo, N. R.; Tribble, R. E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bhattarai, R.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Markert, C.; Ray, R. L.; Schambach, J.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bellwied, R.; McDonald, D.; Song, L.; Timmins, A. R.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cheng, J.; Huang, X.; Kang, K.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Xiao, Z.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhu, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Witt, R.] US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Drachenberg, J. L.; Gibson, A.; Grosnick, D.; Koetke, D. D.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Ahammed, Z.; Banerjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Roy, A.; Tribedy, P.; Viyogi, Y. P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata 700064, India. [Girard, M.; Kikola, D. P.; Kisiel, A.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Pawlak, T.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Sandacz, A.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Llope, W. J.; Putschke, J.; Voloshin, S. A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Magdy, N.; Tawfik, A. N.] World Lab Cosmol & Particle Phys WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt. [Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Horvat, S.; Krueger, K.; Majka, R.; Sandweiss, J.; Smirnov, N.; Spinka, H. M.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Planinic, M.; Poljak, N.] Univ Zagreb, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. RP Yi, L (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM l.yi@yale.edu RI Kycia, Radoslaw/J-4397-2015; Xin, Kefeng/O-9195-2016; Yi, Li/Q-1705-2016; Alekseev, Igor/J-8070-2014; Svirida, Dmitry/R-4909-2016; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/M-6220-2013; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Rusnak, Jan/G-8462-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Chaloupka, Petr/E-5965-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Huang, Bingchu/H-6343-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Okorokov, Vitaly/C-4800-2017; Ma, Yu-Gang/M-8122-2013; Gunarathne, Devika/C-4903-2017 OI Kycia, Radoslaw/0000-0002-6390-4627; Xin, Kefeng/0000-0003-4853-9219; Yi, Li/0000-0002-7512-2657; Alekseev, Igor/0000-0003-3358-9635; Tawfik, Abdel Nasser/0000-0002-1679-0225; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Huang, Bingchu/0000-0002-3253-3210; Okorokov, Vitaly/0000-0002-7162-5345; Ma, Yu-Gang/0000-0002-0233-9900; Gunarathne, Devika/0000-0002-7155-7418 FU RHIC Operations Group; RCF at BNL; NERSC Center at LBNL; Open Science Grid consortium; Office of NP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; Office of HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science; U.S. NSF; Sloan Foundation; DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany; CNRS/IN2P3; STFC; EPSRC of the United Kingdom; FAPESP CNPq of Brazil; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; NNSFC; CAS; MoST; MoE of China; GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic; FOM of the Netherlands; NWO of the Netherlands; DAE; DST; CSIR of India; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Korea Research Foundation; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia; Russian Ministry of Science and Technology; RosAtom of Russia FX We thank the RHIC Operations Group and RCF at BNL, the NERSC Center at LBNL and the Open Science Grid consortium for providing resources and support. This work was supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S. DOE Office of Science, the U.S. NSF, the Sloan Foundation, the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe' of Germany, CNRS/IN2P3, STFC and EPSRC of the United Kingdom, FAPESP CNPq of Brazil, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, NNSFC, CAS, MoST, and MoE of China, GA and MSMT of the Czech Republic, FOM and NWO of the Netherlands, DAE, DST, and CSIR of India, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Korea Research Foundation, Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic Of Croatia, Russian Ministry of Science and Technology, and RosAtom of Russia. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.05.075 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800046 ER PT J AU Gorchtein, M Zhang, XL AF Gorchtein, Mikhail Zhang, Xilin TI Forward Compton scattering with weak neutral current: Constraints from sum rules SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC MOMENTS; SPIN 1/2; NUCLEON; POLARIZABILITY; PHOTONS AB We generalize forward real Compton amplitude to the case of the interference of the electromagnetic and weak neutral current, formulate a low-energy theorem, relate the new amplitudes to the interference structure functions and obtain a new set of sum rules. We address a possible new sum rule that relates the product of the axial charge and magnetic moment of the nucleon to the 0th moment of the structure function g(5)(nu, 0). For the dispersive gamma Z-box correction to the proton's weak charge, the application of the GDH sum rule allows us to reduce the uncertainty due to resonance contributions by a factor of two. The finite energy sum rule helps addressing the uncertainty in that calculation due to possible duality violations. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gorchtein, Mikhail] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, PRISMA Cluster Excellence, Mainz, Germany. [Zhang, Xilin] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhang, Xilin] Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Zhang, Xilin] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Zhang, Xilin] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gorchtein, M (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, PRISMA Cluster Excellence, Mainz, Germany. EM gorshtey@kph.uni-mainz.de; xilinz@uw.edu FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG through the Collaborative Research Center "The Low-Energy Frontier of the Standard Model" [SFB 1044]; Cluster of Excellence "Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions and Structure of Matter" (PRISMA); US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-93ER-40756]; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under intensity frontier fellowship FX M.G. acknowledges discussions with M. Vanderhaeghen, V. Pascalutsa, P. Masjuan and H. Spiesberger, and support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG through the Collaborative Research Center "The Low-Energy Frontier of the Standard Model" (SFB 1044) and the Cluster of Excellence "Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions and Structure of Matter" (PRISMA). X.Z. thanks D. Phillips, L. Alvarez-Ruso, G. Zeller, G. Miller, S. Beane, and T. Hobbs for interesting discussions, and acknowledges support from the US Department of Energy under grant DE-FG02-93ER-40756, and from Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory under intensity frontier fellowship. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.06.009 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800052 ER PT J AU Szczepaniak, AP AF Szczepaniak, Adam P. TI Triangle singularities and XYZ quarkonium peaks SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID RESONANCES; BREAKING; BELLE; STATE AB We discuss analytical properties of partial waves derived from projection of a 4-legged amplitude with crossed-channel exchanges in the kinematic region of the direct channel that corresponds to the XYZ peaks in charmonium and bottomonium. We show that in general partial waves can develop anomalous branch points in the vicinity of the direct channel physical region. We show that this effect only occurs if masses of resonances in the crossed channel are in a specific, narrow range. We estimate the size of threshold enhancements originating from these anomalous singularities in reactions where the Z(c)(3900) and the Z(b)(10610) peaks have been observed. (C) 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Szczepaniak, Adam P.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Szczepaniak, Adam P.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Szczepaniak, Adam P.] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. RP Szczepaniak, AP (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM aszczepa@indiana.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0287ER40365] FX I would like to thank J. Dudek, R.L Jaffe, M.R. Pennington, and M. Shepherd for useful discussions and M. Jander and V. Mathieu for comments on the manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. It is also supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG0287ER40365. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.06.029 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800068 ER PT J AU de Gouvea, A Murayama, H AF de Gouvea, Andre Murayama, Hitoshi TI Neutrino mixing anarchy: Alive and kicking SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MASS AB Neutrino mixing anarchy is the hypothesis that the leptonic mixing matrix can be described as the result of a random draw from an unbiased distribution of unitary three-by-three matrices. In light of the very strong evidence for a nonzero sin(2)2 theta(13), we show that the anarchy hypothesis is consistent with the choice made by the Nature - the probability of a more unusual choice is 41%. We revisit anarchy's ability to make predictions, concentrating on correlations - or lack thereof - among the different neutrino mixing parameters, especially sin(2) theta(13) and sin(2) theta(23). We also comment on anarchical expectations regarding the magnitude of CP-violation in the lepton sector, and potential connections to underlying flavor models or the landscape. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license C1 [de Gouvea, Andre] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Murayama, Hitoshi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Murayama, Hitoshi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Murayama, Hitoshi] Univ Tokyo, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan. RP Murayama, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hitoshi@berkeley.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-91ER40684]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) [23540289]; World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan; NSF [PHY-1002399] FX The work of A.d.G. is sponsored in part by the DOE grant # DE-FG02-91ER40684. The work of H.M. was supported in part by the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, in part by the NSF under grant PHY-1002399, the Grant-in-Aid for scientific research (C) 23540289 from Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), and in part by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 747 BP 479 EP 483 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.06.028 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA CN7OV UT WOS:000358624800077 ER PT J AU Jung, KH Cao, PJ Sharma, R Jain, R Ronald, PC AF Jung, Ki-Hong Cao, Peijian Sharma, Rita Jain, Rashmi Ronald, Pamela C. TI Phylogenomics databases for facilitating functional genomics in rice SO RICE LA English DT Review ID GENE-EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; RESOURCES; CONSTRUCTION; NETWORK; SYSTEMS; PLANTS; MAP AB The completion of whole genome sequence of rice (Oryza sativa) has significantly accelerated functional genomics studies. Prior to the release of the sequence, only a few genes were assigned a function each year. Since sequencing was completed in 2005, the rate has exponentially increased. As of 2014, 1,021 genes have been described and added to the collection at The Overview of functionally characterized Genes in Rice online database (OGRO). Despite this progress, that number is still very low compared with the total number of genes estimated in the rice genome. One limitation to progress is the presence of functional redundancy among members of the same rice gene family, which covers 51.6 % of all non-transposable element-encoding genes. There remain a significant portion or rice genes that are not functionally redundant, as reflected in the recovery of loss-of-function mutants. To more accurately analyze functional redundancy in the rice genome, we have developed a phylogenomics databases for six large gene families in rice, including those for glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, kinases, transcription factors, transporters, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. In this review, we introduce key features and applications of these databases. We expect that they will serve as a very useful guide in the post-genomics era of research. C1 [Jung, Ki-Hong] Kyung Hee Univ, Grad Sch Biotechnol, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Jung, Ki-Hong] Kyung Hee Univ, Crop Biotech Inst, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Cao, Peijian] Zhengzhou Tobacco Res Inst, China Tobacco Gene Res Ctr, Zhengzhou 450001, Peoples R China. [Sharma, Rita] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. [Jain, Rashmi; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jain, Rashmi; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ronald, Pamela C.] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 95616 USA. RP Jung, KH (reprint author), Kyung Hee Univ, Grad Sch Biotechnol, Yongin 446701, South Korea. EM khjung2010@khu.ac.kr; peijiancao@163.com; rita.genomics@gmail.com; rsjain@ucdavis.edu; pcronald@ucdavis.edu FU Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ01100401]; Department of Biotechnology, Government of India; Joint BioEnergy Institute, the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was carried out with the support of "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Global identification and functional study of rice genes for enhancement of root development and nutrient use efficiency using genome information, Project No. PJ01100401)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, the Ramalingaswami Fellowship from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India to RS, and funding from The Joint BioEnergy Institute, the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 to PCR. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-8425 EI 1939-8433 J9 RICE JI Rice PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 8 AR 26 DI 10.1186/s12284-015-0060-7 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA CN8GA UT WOS:000358676600001 ER PT J AU Su, J Hu, C Yan, X Jin, Y Chen, Z Guan, Q Wang, Y Zhong, D Jansson, C Wang, F Schnurer, A Sun, C AF Su, J. Hu, C. Yan, X. Jin, Y. Chen, Z. Guan, Q. Wang, Y. Zhong, D. Jansson, C. Wang, F. Schnurer, A. Sun, C. TI Expression of barley SUSIBA2 transcription factor yields high-starch low-methane rice SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA; GENE-EXPRESSION; COMMUNITIES; EMISSIONS; SCALES; FLUXES; FIELD; SOIL; PCR AB Atmospheric methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, and is responsible for about 20% of the global warming effect since pre-industrial times(1,2). Rice paddies are the largest anthropogenic methane source and produce 7-17% of atmospheric methane(2,3). Warm waterlogged soil and exuded nutrients from rice roots provide ideal conditions for methanogenesis in paddies with annual methane emissions of 25-100-million tonnes(3,4). This scenario will be exacerbated by an expansion in rice cultivation needed to meet the escalating demand for food in the coming decades(4). There is an urgent need to establish sustainable technologies for increasing rice production while reducing methane fluxes from rice paddies. However, ongoing efforts for methane mitigation in rice paddies are mainly based on farming practices and measures that are difficult to implement(5). Despite proposed strategies to increase rice productivity and reduce methane emissions(4,6), no high-starch low-methane-emission rice has been developed. Here we show that the addition of a single transcription factor gene, barley SUSIBA2 (refs 7, 8), conferred a shift of carbon flux to SUSIBA2 rice, favouring the allocation of photo-synthates to aboveground biomass over allocation to roots. The altered allocation resulted in an increased biomass and starch content in the seeds and stems, and suppressed methanogenesis, possibly through a reduction in root exudates. Three-year field trials in China demonstrated that the cultivation of SUSIBA2 rice was associated with a significant reduction in methane emissions and a decrease in rhizospheric methanogen levels. SUSIBA2 rice offers a sustainable means of providing increased starch content for food production while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation. Approaches to increase rice productivity and reduce methane emissions as seen in SUSIBA2 rice may be particularly beneficial in a future climate with rising temperatures resulting in increased methane emissions from paddies(9,10). C1 [Su, J.; Hu, C.; Chen, Z.; Guan, Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhong, D.; Wang, F.] Fujian Acad Agr Sci, Inst Biotechnol, Fuzhou 350003, Peoples R China. [Su, J.; Hu, C.; Yan, X.; Jin, Y.; Sun, C.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Linnean Ctr Plant Biol, Uppsala BioCtr, Dept Plant Biol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Jin, Y.] Hunan Agr Univ, Hunan Prov Key Lab Crop Germplasm Innovat & Utili, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Jansson, C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schnurer, A.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, Uppsala BioCtr, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Sun, C (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Linnean Ctr Plant Biol, Uppsala BioCtr, Dept Plant Biol, POB 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. EM wf@fjage.org; Chuanxin.Sun@slu.se FU Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) [219-2014-1172]; Formas/Sida [220-2009-2069]; SLU Larosatesansokan Programme (TC4F) for Team 4 - Vinnova; Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) under the Strategic Research Area for the TCBB Programme; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771298, 31370389]; SLU programme BarleyFunFood; Carl Trygger Foundation [CTS 11: 450]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX Special thanks to S. Stymne. We would also like to thank B. Muller, X. Feng, M. Erikson, L. Sun, S. Isaksson, J. Ascue and S. Mayer for their help in determining concentrations of methane and methanogens, and B. Ingemarsson for discussions concerning the work layout. This work was funded by the following organisations and foundations: The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) for Project No 219-2014-1172; the joint Formas/Sida-funded programme (Project No 220-2009-2069) on sustainable development in developing countries; the SLU Larosatesansokan Programme (TC4F) for Team 4 supported by Vinnova; the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) under the Strategic Research Area for the TCBB Programme; National Natural Science Foundation of China (projects no 30771298 and no 31370389); the SLU programme BarleyFunFood; the Carl Trygger Foundation for Project No CTS 11: 450; funding in part by the US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 17 U2 100 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 523 IS 7562 BP 602 EP + DI 10.1038/nature14673 PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA CN7ZL UT WOS:000358655200047 PM 26200336 ER PT J AU Dittner, M Muller, J Aktulga, HM Hartke, B AF Dittner, Mark Mueller, Julian Aktulga, Hasan Metin Hartke, Bernd TI Efficient global optimization of reactive force-field parameters SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE reactive force fields; ReaxFF; global optimization; genetic algorithms ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; GENETIC ALGORITHM; WATER CLUSTERS; EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES; SILICON CLUSTERS; EMPIRICAL POTENTIALS; REAXFF MODELS; TIP4P WATER; DENSITY AB Reactive force fields make low-cost simulations of chemical reactions possible. However, optimizing them for a given chemical system is difficult and time-consuming. We present a high-performance implementation of global force-field parameter optimization, which delivers parameter sets of the same quality with much less effort and in far less time than before, and also offers excellent parallel scaling. We demonstrate these features with example applications targeting the ReaxFF force field. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Dittner, Mark; Mueller, Julian; Hartke, Bernd] Univ Kiel, Inst Phys Chem, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Aktulga, Hasan Metin] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Aktulga, Hasan Metin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hartke, B (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Phys Chem, Olshausenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. EM hartke@pctc.uni-kiel.de RI Hartke, Bernd/C-7680-2013 OI Hartke, Bernd/0000-0001-8480-0862 NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 58 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0192-8651 EI 1096-987X J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 2015 VL 36 IS 20 BP 1550 EP 1561 DI 10.1002/jcc.23966 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CL5BF UT WOS:000356974000005 PM 26085201 ER PT J AU Zarzana, CA Groenewold, GS Mincher, BJ Mezyk, SP Wilden, A Schmidt, H Modolo, G Wishart, JF Cook, AR AF Zarzana, Christopher A. Groenewold, Gary S. Mincher, Bruce J. Mezyk, Stephen P. Wilden, Andreas Schmidt, Holger Modolo, Giuseppe Wishart, James F. Cook, Andrew R. TI A Comparison of the gamma-Radiolysis of TODGA and T(EH)DGA Using UHPLC-ESI-MS Analysis SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-CHEMISTRY; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SEPARATION PROCESS; ACTINIDE; DIGLYCOLAMIDE; STABILITY; LANTHANIDES; HYDROLYSIS; DODECANE; SYSTEM AB Solutions of TODGA and T(EH)DGA in n-dodecane were subjected to gamma-irradiation in the presence and absence of an aqueous nitric acid phase and analyzed using UHPLC-ESI-MS to determine the rates of radiolytic decay of the two extractants, as well as to identify radiolysis products. The DGA concentrations decreased exponentially with increasing dose, and the measured degradation rate constants were uninfluenced by the presence or absence of an acidic aqueous phase, or by chemical variations in the alkyl side-chains. The DGA degradation was attributed to reactions of the dodecane radical cation, whose kinetics were measured for TODGA using picosecond electron pulse radiolysis to be k(2) = (9.72 +/- 1.10) x 10(9) M-1 s(-1). The identified radiolysis products suggest that the bonds most vulnerable to radiolytic attack are those in the diglycolamide center of these molecules and not on the side-chains. C1 [Zarzana, Christopher A.; Groenewold, Gary S.; Mincher, Bruce J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Mezyk, Stephen P.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Wilden, Andreas; Schmidt, Holger; Modolo, Giuseppe] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Nukl Entsorgung & Reak, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Wishart, James F.; Cook, Andrew R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017; OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636; Schmidt, Holger/0000-0002-3448-3579; Cook, Andrew/0000-0001-6633-3447 FU US Department of Energy (US-DOE) under the Fuel Cycle R&D Program, Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; European Commission (projects SACSESS) [FP7-Fission-2012-323-282]; US-DOE Office of Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The gamma-ray irradiation and UHPLC-ESI-MS experiments performed at Idaho National Laboratory were supported by the US Department of Energy (US-DOE), Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy, under the Fuel Cycle R&D Program, Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. Additional financial support for this research was provided by the European Commission (projects SACSESS - Contract No. FP7-Fission-2012-323-282). The radiolysis experiments performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and use of the LEAF Facility of the BNL Accelerator Center for Energy Research were supported by the US-DOE Office of Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 EI 1532-2262 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 BP 431 EP 447 DI 10.1080/07366299.2015.1012885 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CQ0TW UT WOS:000360311200001 ER PT J AU Filosofov, DV Lebedev, NA Radchenko, V Rakhimov, AV Happel, S Roesch, F AF Filosofov, Dmitry V. Lebedev, Nikolai A. Radchenko, Valery Rakhimov, Alimardon V. Happel, Steffen Roesch, Frank TI Behavior of Actinium, Alkaline, and Rare Earth Elements in Sr-Resin/Mineral Acid Systems SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE ion exchange; actinium; alkaline earth elements; extraction; rare earth elements; super acid; Sr-resin ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; EXTRACTION; EQUILIBRIUM; ANIONS AB In this work, the interactions between the divalent alkaline earth elements (AEE) (Sr, Ba, Ra), the trivalent rare earth elements (REE) (Ce-Lu, Y), and Ac(III) with Sr-resin were investigated in the presence of HNO3, HCl, HBr, HClO4, and HPF6. Distribution coefficients of these ions on the Sr-resin were determined under batch-loading conditions. Lastly, online column separations were performed to demonstrate the utility of these systems. Substantial differences in the behavior of the ions in solutions comprised of the five different acids were observed. These differences can partly be explained by a combination of ion exchange (primary) and extraction (solvation) mechanisms. From a practical point of view, the Sr-resin/HClO4 or Sr-resin/HPF6 systems were demonstrated to be effective for the separation and purification of the different groups of the elements. C1 [Filosofov, Dmitry V.; Lebedev, Nikolai A.; Radchenko, Valery; Rakhimov, Alimardon V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dzhelepov Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna, Russia. [Rakhimov, Alimardon V.] Uzbek Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Tashkent 702132, Uzbekistan. [Happel, Steffen] Triskem Int, Bruz, France. [Roesch, Frank] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Chem, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. RP Radchenko, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM radvalery@gmail.com FU Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research [RFBR 10-03-93107] FX Financial support of this project was provided by Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research grant (RFBR 10-03-93107). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 EI 1532-2262 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 33 IS 5 BP 496 EP 509 DI 10.1080/07366299.2015.1046293 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CQ0TW UT WOS:000360311200005 ER PT J AU Feng, CH Zhang, L Yang, MH Song, XY Zhao, H Jia, Z Sun, KN Liu, G AF Feng, Caihong Zhang, Le Yang, Menghuan Song, Xiangyun Zhao, Hui Jia, Zhe Sun, Kening Liu, Gao TI One-Pot Synthesis of Copper Sulfide Nanowires/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites with Excellent Lithium-Storage Properties as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE copper sulfide; reduced oxide graphene; nanocomposites; lithium-ion battery; synergistic effect ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; HIGH-RATE PERFORMANCE; ENERGY-CONVERSION; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; HIGH-CAPACITY; COMPOSITES; NANOSHEETS; CATHODE; CHALCOGENIDES AB Copper sulfide nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (CuSNWs/rGO) nanocompsites are successfully synthesized via a facile one-pot and template-free solution method in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-ethyl glycol (EG) mixed solvent. It is noteworthy that the precursor plays a crucial role in the formation of the nanocomposites structure. SEM, TEM, XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopy are used to investigate the morphological and structural evolution of CuSNWs/rGO nanocomposites. The as-fabricated CuSNWs/rGO nanocompsites show remarkably improved Li-storage performance, excellent cycling stability as well as high-rate capability compared with pristine CuS nanowires. It obtains a reversible capacity of 620 mAh g(-1) at 0.5C (1C = 560 mA g(-)1) after 100 cycles and 320 mAh g(-1) at a high current rate of 4C even after 430 cycles. The excellent lithium storage performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect between CuS nanowires and rGO nanosheets. The as-formed CuSNWs/rGO nanocomposites can effectively accommodate large volume changes, supply a 2D conducting network and trap the polysulfides generated during the conversion reaction of CuS. C1 [Feng, Caihong; Zhang, Le; Yang, Menghuan; Sun, Kening] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Environm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Feng, Caihong; Song, Xiangyun; Zhao, Hui; Jia, Zhe; Liu, Gao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sun, KN (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Chem Engn & Environm, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM bitkeningsun@163.com; gliu@lbl.gov FU Creative Technology Project of Beijing Institute of Technology [20131042005]; Laboratory of Chemical Separation and Material Characterization, BIT FX The authors acknowledge the financial supports from the Creative Technology Project of Beijing Institute of Technology (No. 20131042005) and the support of Laboratory of Chemical Separation and Material Characterization, BIT. NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 38 U2 184 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 29 BP 15726 EP 15734 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b01285 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CO1ES UT WOS:000358897200007 PM 26135049 ER PT J AU Li, JF Zhan, C Lu, J Yuan, YF Shahbazian-Yassar, R Qiu, XP Amine, K AF Li, Jinfeng Zhan, Chun Lu, Jun Yuan, Yifei Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza Qiu, Xinping Amine, Khalil TI Improve First-Cycle Efficiency and Rate Performance of Layered-Layered Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 Using Oxygen Stabilizing Dopant SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE layered-layered Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2; barium doping; lithium ion battery; oxygen releasing; stabilizing oxygen radicals ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; SITU X-RAY; CATHODE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; MANGANESE OXIDES; CO ELECTRODES; CAPACITY; LI2MNO3; NI; MN AB The poor first-cycle Coulombic efficiency and rate performance of the Li-rich layered layered oxides are associated with oxygen gas generation in the first activation charging and sluggish charge transportation along the layers. hi this work, we report that barium doping improves the first-cycle efficiency of Li-rich layered-layered Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 via suppression of the oxidation of O2- ions in the first charging. This effect can be attributed to the stabilizing effect of the barium cations on the oxygen radical intermediates generated during the oxidation of O2-. Meanwhile, because the stabilized oxygen radicals likely facilitate the charge transportation in the layered-layered structure, the barium-doped Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 exhibits significant improvement in rate performance. Stabilizing the oxygen radicals could be a promising strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-rich layered-layered oxides. C1 [Li, Jinfeng; Qiu, Xinping] Tsinghua Univ, Key Lab Organ Optoelect & Mol Engn, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhan, Chun; Lu, Jun; Yuan, Yifei; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yuan, Yifei; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM junlu@anl.gov; qiuxp@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; amine@anl.gov FU National Key Project on Basic Research [2015CB251104, 2013CB934000]; National International Science and Technology Cooperation Project [2012DFG61480]; China-Germany Electric Vehicle Project [2011AA11A290]; China-US Electric Vehicle Project [2010DFA72760]; Beijing Natural Science Foundation [2120001]; Center for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200383, DMR-1410560]; Argonne National Laboratory [4F31422]; MRI-R2 grant from the National Science Foundation [DMR-0959470] FX J. Li and X. Qiu were supported by the National Key Project on Basic Research (2015CB251104, 2013CB934000), National International Science and Technology Cooperation Project (2012DFG61480), China-Germany Electric Vehicle Project (2011AA11A290), China-US Electric Vehicle Project (2010DFA72760), and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2120001). C. Zhan, J. Lu, and K. Amine were supported by the Center for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Y. Yuan and R. Shahbazian-Yassar acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation (Awards CMMI-1200383 and DMR-1410560), and partial funding from Argonne National Laboratory under subcontract No. 4F31422. This work made use of the JEOL JEM-ARM200CF in the Electron Microscopy Service (Research Resources Center, UIC). The acquisition of the UIC JEOL JEM-ARM200CF was supported by a MRI-R2 grant from the National Science Foundation [DMR-0959470]. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 12 U2 108 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 7 IS 29 BP 16040 EP 16045 DI 10.1021/acsami.5b04343 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA CO1ES UT WOS:000358897200041 PM 26121178 ER PT J AU Ramirez-Carvajal, L Rodriguez, LL AF Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Virus-resistant pigs might help to stem next outbreak SO ELIFE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MOUTH-DISEASE; INTERFERENCE; RNA C1 [Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957 USA. [Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, PIADC Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ramirez-Carvajal, L (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Orient Point, NY 11957 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA SHERATON HOUSE, CASTLE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0AX, ENGLAND SN 2050-084X J9 ELIFE JI eLife PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 4 AR e09790 DI 10.7554/eLife.09790 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA CO1OK UT WOS:000358924700001 PM 26222499 ER PT J AU Aad, G Abbott, B Abdallah, J Khalek, SA Abdinov, O Aben, R Abi, B Abolins, M AbouZeid, OS Abramowicz, H Abreu, H Abreu, R Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Adamczyk, L Adams, DL Adelman, J Adomeit, S Adye, T Agatonovic-Jovin, T Aguilar-Saavedra, JA Agustoni, M Ahlen, SP Ahmadov, F Aielli, G Akerstedt, H Akesson, TPA Akimoto, G Akimov, AV Alberghi, GL Albert, J Albrand, S Verzini, MJA Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexander, G Alexandre, G Alexopoulos, T Alhroob, M Alimonti, G Alio, L Alison, J Allbrooke, BMM Allison, LJ Allport, PP Almond, J Aloisio, A Alonso, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Altheimer, A Gonzalez, BA Alviggi, MG Amako, 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CA ATLAS Collaboration TI Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hadron-Hadron Scattering ID MASSES; DECAYS; LEPTONS AB A search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in events containing a pair of high-p(T) leptons of the same charge and high-p(T) jets is presented. The search uses 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8TeV. The data are found to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis based on the Standard Model expectation. In the context of a Type-I seesaw mechanism, limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for production of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the mass range between 100 and 500 GeV. The limits are subsequently interpreted as limits on the mixing between the heavy Majorana neutrinos and the Standard Model neutrinos. 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L.; Bellagamba, L.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruschi, M.; Corradi, M.; De Castro, S.; Di Sipio, R.; Fabbri, L.; Franchini, M.; Gabrielli, A.; Giacobbe, B.; Grafstroem, P.; Manghi, F. Lasagni; Massa, I.; Massa, L.; Mengarelli, A.; Negrini, M.; Piccinini, M.; Polini, A.; Rinaldi, L.; Romano, M.; Sbarra, C.; Sbrizzi, A.; Semprini-Cesari, N.; Sidoti, A.; Spighi, R.; Tupputi, S. A.; Valentinetti, S.; Villa, M.; Zoccoli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Alberghi, G. L.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Bruni, A.; De Castro, S.; Di Sipio, R.; Fabbri, L.; Franchini, M.; Gabrielli, A.; Grafstroem, P.; Manghi, F. Lasagni; Massa, I.; Massa, L.; Mengarelli, A.; Piccinini, M.; Romano, M.; Sbrizzi, A.; Semprini-Cesari, N.; Sidoti, A.; Tupputi, S. A.; Valentinetti, S.; Villa, M.; Zoccoli, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, Bologna, Italy. [Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Annovi, A.; Arslan, O.; Bechtle, P.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Brock, I.; Cristinziani, M.; Davey, W.; Desch, K.; Dingfelder, J.; Ehrenfeld, W.; Gaycken, G.; Geich-Gimbel, Ch.; Gonella, L.; Haefner, P.; Hagebock, S.; Hellmich, D.; Huegging, F.; Janssen, J.; Kostyukhin, V. V.; Kraus, J. K.; Kroseberg, J.; Kruger, H.; Lenz, T.; Leyko, A. M.; Liebal, J.; Limbach, C.; Mergelmeyer, S.; Mijovic, L.; Mueller, K.; Nanava, G.; Nattermann, T.; Obermann, T.; Pohl, D.; Sarrazin, B.; Schaepe, S.; Schultens, M. J.; Schwindt, T.; Scutti, F.; Seema, P.; Stillings, J. A.; Tannoury, N.; Therhaag, J.; Uhlenbrock, M.; Velz, T.; von Toerne, E.; Wagner, P.; Wang, T.; Wermes, N.; Wienemann, P.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Winter, B. T.; Wong, K. H. Yau; Zimmermann, R.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, Bonn, Germany. [Ahlen, S. P.; Bernard, C.; Black, K. M.; Butler, J. M.; Dell'Asta, L.; Helary, L.; Kruskal, M.; Long, B. A.; Shank, J. T.; Yan, Z.; Youssef, S.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Amelung, C.; Amundsen, G.; Artoni, G.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bianchini, L.; Blocker, C.; Coffey, L.; Dhaliwal, S.; Fitzgerald, E. A.; Sciolla, G.; Venturini, A.; Zambito, S.; Zengel, K.] Brandeis Univ, Dept Phys, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Caloba, L. P.; Maidantchik, C.; Marroquim, F.; Nepomuceno, A. A.; Seixas, J. M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, COPPE EE IF, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Cerqueira, A. S.; de Andrade Filho, L. Manhaes] Fed Univ Juiz de Fora UFJF, Elect Circuits Dept, Juiz De Fora, Brazil. [do Vale, M. A. B.] Fed Univ Sao Joao del Rei UFSJ, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil. [do Vale, M. A. B.; Navarro, J. L. La Rosa] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498024 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Adams, D. L.; Assamagan, K.; Begel, M.; Chen, H.; Gibbard, B.; Gordon, H. A.; Iakovidis, G.; Klimentov, A.; Kravchenko, A.; Lanni, F.; Lissauer, D.; Lynn, D.; Ma, H.; Metcalfe, J.; Mountricha, E.; Damazio, D. Oliveira; Paige, F.; Perepelitsa, D. V.; Redlinger, G.; Takai, H.; Undrus, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Alexa, C.; Caprini, I.; Chitan, A.; Jinaru, A.; Olariu, A.; Pantea, D.; Stoicea, G.; Tudorache, A.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest, Romania. [Popeneciu, G. A.] Natl Inst Res & Dev Isotop & Mol Technol, Dept Phys, Cluj Napoca, Romania. Univ Politehn Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania. West Univ Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania. [Otero y Garzon, G.; Piegaia, R.; Reisin, H.; Sacerdoti, S.] Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Arratia, M.; Barlow, N.; Batley, J. R.; Brochu, F. M.; Carter, J. R.; Chapman, J. D.; Cottin, G.; French, S. T.; Gillam, T. P. S.; Hill, J. C.; Kaneti, S.; Khoo, T. J.; Lester, C. G.; Mueller, T.; Parker, M. A.; Robinson, D.; Thomson, M.; Ward, C. P.; Yusuff, I.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Bellerive, A.; Cree, G.; Di Valentino, D.; Koffas, T.; Lacey, J.; Leight, W. A.; McCarthy, T. G.; Nomidis, I.; Oakham, F. G.; Pasztor, G.; Tarrade, F.; Ueno, R.; Vincter, M. G.; Whalen, K.] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Armbruster, A. J.; Boveia, A.; Catinaccio, A.; Cattai, A.; Dell'Acqua, A.; Di Girolamo, A.; Di Girolamo, B.; Dudarev, A.; Gorini, B.; Helsens, C.; Correia, A. M. Henriques; Hoecker, A.; Jenni, P.; Krasznahorkay, A.; Lenzi, B.; Mandelli, B.; Marzin, A.; Messina, A.; Milic, A.; Nairz, A. M.; Nicquevert, B.; Petersen, B. A.; Poppleton, A.; Ruiz-Martinez, A.; Salzburger, A.; Sfyrla, A.; Tricoli, A.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Alison, J.; Anderson, K. J.; Cheng, Y.; Dandoy, J. R.; Facini, G.; Fiascaris, M.; Gardner, R. W.; Ilchenko, Y.; Kapliy, A.; Krizka, K.; Li, H. L.; Melachrinos, C.; Merritt, F. S.; Miller, D. W.; Okumura, Y.; Onyisi, P. U. E.; Oreglia, M. J.; Penning, B.; Pilcher, J. E.; Saxon, J.; Shochet, M. J.; Vukotic, I.; Webster, J. S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carquin, E.; Diaz, M. A.; Vogel, M.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Brooks, W. K.; Kuleshovb, S.; Pezoa, R.; Prokoshin, F.; White, R.] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Dept Fis, Valparaiso, Chile. [Bai, Y.; Fang, Y.; Jin, S.; Lou, X.; Ouyang, Q.; Ren, H.; Shan, L. Y.; Sun, X.; Wang, J.; Xu, D.; Yao, L.; Zhu, H.; Zhuang, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Gao, J.; Guan, L.; Han, L.; Hu, Q.; Jiang, Y.; Li, B.; Liu, J. B.; Liu, M.; Peng, H.; Song, H. Y.; Xu, L.; Zhang, R.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hebui, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Chen, S.; Li, Y.; Wang, C.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, L.; Fengd, C.; Ged, P.; Liu, B.; Ma, L. L.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhu, C. G.] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Guoe, J.; Li, L.; Yang, H.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai Key Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Chen, X.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Busato, E.; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Donini, J.; Dubreuil, E.; Ghodbane, N.; Gilles, G.; Gris, Ph.; Liao, H.; Madar, R.; Pallin, D.; Saez, S. M. Romano; Santoni, C.; Simon, D.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Vazeille, F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Phys Corpusculaire Lab, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Busato, E.; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Donini, J.; Dubreuil, E.; Ghodbane, N.; Gilles, G.; Gris, Ph.; Liao, H.; Madar, R.; Pallin, D.; Saez, S. M. Romano; Santoni, C.; Simon, D.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Vazeille, F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Busato, E.; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Donini, J.; Dubreuil, E.; Ghodbane, N.; Gilles, G.; Gris, Ph.; Liao, H.; Madar, R.; Pallin, D.; Saez, S. M. Romano; Santoni, C.; Simon, D.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Vazeille, F.] CNRS, IN2P3, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Altheimer, A.; Angerami, A.; Brooijmans, G.; Cole, B.; Hu, D.; Hughes, E. W.; Thompson, E. N.; Tian, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY USA. [Alonso, A.; Dam, M.; Galster, G.; Hansen, J. B.; Hansen, J. D.; Hansen, P. H.; Joergensen, M. D.; Loevschall-Jensen, A. E.; Monk, J.; Pedersen, L. E.; Petersen, T. C.; Pingel, A.; Thomsen, L. A.; Wiglesworth, C.; Xella, S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Capua, M.; Crosetti, G.; La Rotonda, L.; Mastroberardino, A.; Policicchio, A.; Salvatore, D.; Scarfone, V.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, INFN, Grp Collegato Cosenza, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Capua, M.; Crosetti, G.; La Rotonda, L.; Mastroberardino, A.; Policicchio, A.; Salvatore, D.; Scarfone, V.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dipartimento Fis, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy. [Adamczyk, L.; Bold, T.; Dabrowski, W.; Dwuznik, M.; Dyndal, M.; Grabowska-Bold, I.; Kisielewska, D.; Kopernya, S.; Kowalski, T. Z.; Mindur, B.; Przybycien, M.; Zemla, A.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. [Richter-Was, E.] Jagiellonian Univ, Marian Smoluchowski Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Banas, E.; Chwastowski, J. J.; Derendarz, D.; Godlewski, J.; Gornicki, E.; Kaczmarska, A.; Korcyl, K.; Olszewski, A.; Olszowska, J.; Stanecka, E.; Trzupek, A.; Wosiek, B. K.; Zabinski, B.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Cao, T.; Firan, A.; Kehoe, R.; Sekula, S. J.; Stroynowski, R.; Turvey, A. J.; Varol, T.; Wang, H.; Ye, J.; Zhao, X.; Zhou, L.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Izen, J. M.; Leyton, M.; Meirose, B.; Namasivayam, H.; Reeves, K.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75230 USA. [Argyropoulos, S.; Asbah, N.; Bessner, M.; Bloch, I.; Borroni, S.; Camarda, S.; Deterre, C.; Filipuzzi, M.; Glazov, A.; Grahn, K-J.; Gregor, I. M.; Grohsjean, A.; Haleem, M.; Hamnett, P. G.; Hengler, C.; Hiller, K. H.; Howarth, J.; Huang, Y.; Katzy, J.; Keller, J. S.; Kondrashova, N.; Kuhl, T.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Lohwasser, K.; Mamuzic, J.; Medinnis, M.; Moenig, K.; Garcia, RF. Naranjo; Naumann, T.; Peschke, R.; Petit, E.; Radescu, V.; Rubinskiy, I.; Schaefer, R.; Sedov, G.; Shushkevich, S.; South, D.; Stanescu-Bellu, M.; Stanitzki, M. M.; Starovoitov, P.; Styles, N. A.; Tackmann, K.; Wang, J.; Wasicki, C.; Yatsenko, E.; Yildirim, E.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Argyropoulos, S.; Asbah, N.; Bessner, M.; Bloch, I.; Borroni, S.; Camarda, S.; Deterre, C.; Filipuzzi, M.; Glazov, A.; Grahn, K-J.; Gregor, I. M.; Grohsjean, A.; Haleem, M.; Hamnett, P. G.; Hengler, C.; Hiller, K. H.; Howarth, J.; Huang, Y.; Katzy, J.; Keller, J. S.; Kondrashova, N.; Kuhl, T.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Lohwasser, K.; Mamuzic, J.; Medinnis, M.; Moenig, K.; Garcia, RF. Naranjo; Naumann, T.; Peschke, R.; Petit, E.; Radescu, V.; Rubinskiy, I.; Schaefer, R.; Sedov, G.; Shushkevich, S.; South, D.; Stanescu-Bellu, M.; Stanitzki, M. M.; Starovoitov, P.; Styles, N. A.; Tackmann, K.; Wang, J.; Wasicki, C.; Yatsenko, E.; Yildirim, E.] DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. [Burmeister, I.; Erdmann, J.; Esch, H.; Goessling, C.; Jentzsch, J.; Jung, C. A.; Klingenberg, R.; Kroeninger, K.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Inst Expt Phys 4, Dortmund, Germany. [Anger, P.; Annovi, A.; Duschinger, D.; Friedrich, F.; Grohs, J. P.; Gumpert, C.; Gutschow, C.; Hauswald, L.; Kobel, M.; Mader, W. F.; Morgenstern, M.; Novgorodova, O.; Rudolph, C.; Schnoor, U.; Siegert, F.; Socher, F.; Staerz, S.; Straessner, A.; Vest, A.; Wahrmund, S.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Arce, A. T. H.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bocci, A.; Cerio, B. C.; Goshaw, A. T.; Kajomovitz, E.; Kotwal, A.; Kruse, M. C.; Li, L.; Li, S.; Liu, M.; Oh, S. H.; Zhou, C.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Dias, F. A.; Edwards, N. C.; Walls, F. M. Garay; Glaysher, P. C. F.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Mills, C.; O'Brien, B. J.; Proissl, M.; Selbach, K. E.; Smart, B. H.; Washbrook, A.; Wynne, B. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Antonelli, M.; Beretta, M.; Bilokon, H.; Chiarella, V.; Curatolo, M.; Di Nardo, R.; Esposito, B.; Gatti, C.; Laurelli, P.; Maccarrone, G.; Sansoni, A.; Testa, M.; Vilucchi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Betancourt, C.; Buehrer, F.; Buscher, D.; Coniavitis, E.; Di Simone, A.; Giuliani, C.; Kiss, F.; Kopp, A. K.; Schillo, C.; Schmidt, E.; Weiser, C.] Univ Freiburg, Fak Math & Phys, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Alexandre, G.; Ancu, L. S.; Barone, G.; Noccioli, E. Benhar; De Mendizabal, J. Bilbao; Bucci, F.; Clark, A.; Delitzsch, C. M.; della Volpe, D.; Doglioni, C.; Ferrere, D.; Gramling, J.; Guescini, F.; Iacobucci, G.; Katre, A.; La Rosa, A.; Mermod, P.; Miucci, A.; Muenstermann, D.; Nessi, M.; Picazio, A.; Tykhonov, A.] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. [Barberis, D.; Darbo, G.; Favareto, A.; Parodi, A. Ferretto; Gagliardi, G.; Gemme, C.; Guido, E.; Morettini, P.; Osculati, B.; Parodi, F.; Passaggio, S.; Rossi, L. P.; Schiavi, C.] Univ Genoa, INFN, Sez Genova, Genoa, Italy. [Barberis, D.; Favareto, A.; Parodi, A. Ferretto; Guido, E.; Osculati, B.; Parodi, F.; Schiavi, C.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. [Jejelava, J.; Tskhadadze, E. G.] Iv Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Univ, E Andronikashvili Inst Phys, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Durglishvili, A.; Khubua, J.; Mosidze, M.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Dueren, M.; Kreutzfeldt, K.; Stenzel, H.] Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 2, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Bates, R. L.; Britton, D.; Buckley, A. G.; Bussey, P.; Buttar, C. M.; Buzatu, A.; Cinca, D.; D'Auria, S.; Doherty, T.; Doyle, A. T.; Ferrag, S.; Ferrando, J.; de Lima, D. E. Ferreira; Gul, U.; Ortiz, N. G. Gutierrez; Kar, D.; Knue, A.; Morton, A.; Mullen, P.; O'Shea, V.; Barrera, C. Oropeza; Owen, M.; Pollard, C. S.; Qin, G.; Quilty, D.; Ravenscroft, T.; Robson, A.; Saxon, D. H.; Smith, K. M.; Spreitzer, T.; Denis, R. D. St.; Stewart, G. A.; Thompson, A. S.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Bindi, M.; Blumenschein, U.; George, M.; Graber, L.; Grosse-Knetter, J.; Hamer, M.; Kareem, M. J.; Kawamura, G.; Lemmer, B.; Magradze, E.; Mantoani, M.; Mchedlidze, G.; Llacer, M. Moreno; Musheghyan, H.; Nackenhorst, O.; Nadal, J.; Quadt, A.; Rieger, J.; Schorlemmer, A. L. S.; Serkin, L.; Shabalina, E.; Stolte, P.; Schroeder, T. Vazquez; Weingarten, J.; Zinonos, Z.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 2, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Albrand, S.; Brown, J.; Collot, J.; Crepe-Renaudin, S.; Delsart, P. A.; Djobava, T.; Gabaldon, C.; Genest, M. H.; Hostachy, J-Y.; Ledroit-Guillon, F.; Lleres, A.; Lucotte, A.; Malek, F.; Monini, C.; Stark, J.; Trocme, B.; Wu, M.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. [McFarlane, K. W.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimaraes; Catastini, P.; Franklin, M.; Huth, J.; Ippolito, V.; Mateos, D. Lopez; Mercurio, K. M.; Morii, M.; Skottowe, H. P.; Spearman, W. R.; Sun, S.; Tolley, E.; Yen, A. L.] Harvard Univ, Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andrei, V.; Baas, A. E.; Brandt, O.; Davygora, Y.; Dietzsch, T. A.; Djuvsland, J. I.; Dunford, M.; Hanke, P.; Jongmanns, J.; Khomich, A.; Kluge, E. -E.; Lang, V. S.; Meier, K.; Scharf, V.; Schultz-Coulon, H. -C.; Stamen, R.; Wessels, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Anders, C. F.; Giulini, M.; Narayan, R.; Schaetzel, S.; Schmitt, S.; Schoening, A.; Sosa, D.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Colombo, T.; Kretz, M.; Kugelc, A.] Heidelberg Univ, ZITI Inst Tech Informat, Mannheim, Germany. [Nagasaka, Y.] Hiroshima Inst Technol, Fac Appl Informat Sci, Hiroshima, Japan. [Bortolotto, V.; Castillo, L. R. Flores] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Prokofiev, K.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Dattagupta, A.; Evans, H.; Gagnon, P.; Lammers, S.; Martinez, N. Lorenzo; Luehring, F.; Ogren, H.; Penwell, J.; Weinert, B.; Zieminska, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Jansky, R.; Jussel, P.; Kneringer, E.; Lukas, W.; Ritsch, E.; Usanova, A.] Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Mallik, U.; Mandrysch, R.; Zaidan, R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Chen, C.; Cochran, J.; De Lorenzi, F.; Krumnack, N.; Pluth, D.; Prell, S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. [Ahmadov, F.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Aloisio, A.; Annovi, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Boyko, I. R.; Budagov, I. A.; Chelkov, G. A.; Cheplakov, A.; Chizhov, M. V.; Dedovich, D. V.; Demichev, M.; Gostkin, M. I.; Huseynov, N.; Javadov, N.; Karpov, S. N.; Karpova, Z. M.; Kazarinov, M. Y.; Khramov, E.; Kotov, V. M.; Kruchonak, U.; Krumshteyn, Z. V.; Kukhtin, V.; Ladygin, E.; Minashvili, I. A.; Mineev, M.; Olchevski, A. G.; Peshekhonov, V. D.; Plotnikova, E.; Potrap, I. N.; Pozdnyakov, V.; Rusakovich, N. A.; Sadykov, R.; Sapronov, A.; Shiyakova, M.; Sisakyan, A. N.; Soloshenko, A.; Topilin, N. D.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Yeletskikh, I.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zimine, N. I.] JINR Dubna, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Amako, K.; Aoki, M.; Arai, Y.; Ikegami, Y.; Ikeno, M.; Iwasaki, H.; Kanzaki, J.; Kohriki, T.; Kondo, T.; Kono, T.; Makida, Y.; Nagano, K.; Nakamura, K.; Nozaki, M.; Odaka, S.; Sasaki, O.; Suzuki, Y.; Takubo, Y.; Terada, S.; Tokushuku, K.; Tsuno, S.; Unno, Y.; Yamada, M.; Yamamoto, A.; Yasu, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Chen, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Inamaru, Y.; Kishimoto, T.; Kurashige, H.; Kurumida, R.; Ochi, A.; Shimizu, S.; Takeda, H.; Yakabe, R.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yuan, L.] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan. [Ishino, M.; Kunigo, T.; Sumida, T.; Tashiro, T.] Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Takashima, R.] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 612, Japan. [Kawagoe, K.; Oda, S.; Otono, H.; Tojo, J.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Verzini, M. J. Alconada; Alonso, F.; Anduaga, X. S.; Arduh, F. A.; Dova, M. T.; Monticelli, F.; Wahlberg, H.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Inst Fis La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. [Verzini, M. J. Alconada; Alonso, F.; Anduaga, X. S.; Arduh, F. A.; Dova, M. T.; Monticelli, F.; Wahlberg, H.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Argentina. [Allison, L. J.; Aloisio, A.; Barton, A. E.; Beattie, M. D.; Borissov, G.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Chilingarov, A.; Dearnaley, W. J.; Fox, H.; Grimm, K.; Henderson, R. C. W.; Hughes, G.; Jones, R. W. L.; Kartvelishvili, V.; Long, R. E.; Love, P. A.; Maddocks, H. J.; Skinner, M. B.; Smizanska, M.; Walder, J.; Wharton, A. M.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Chiodini, G.; Gorini, E.; Primavera, M.; Spagnolo, S.; Ventura, A.] Univ Salento, INFN, Sez Lecce, Lecce, Italy. [Gorini, E.; Spagnolo, S.; Ventura, A.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Lecce, Italy. [Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Burdin, S.; D'Onofrio, M.; Dervan, P.; Gwilliam, C. B.; Hayward, H. S.; Jackson, M.; Jones, T. J.; King, B. T.; Klein, M.; Klein, U.; Kretzschmar, J.; Laycock, P.; Lehan, A.; Mahmoud, S.; Maxfield, S. J.; Mehta, A.; Migas, S.; Price, J.; Readioff, N. P.; Schnellbach, Y. J.; Vossebeld, J. H.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Cindro, V.; Deliyergiyev, M.; Filipeie, A.; Gorisek, A.; Kersevan, B. P.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mikuz, M.; Sfiligoj, T.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Cindro, V.; Deliyergiyev, M.; Filipeie, A.; Gorisek, A.; Kersevan, B. P.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mikuz, M.; Sfiligoj, T.] Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Alpigiani, C.; Bevan, A. J.; Bona, M.; Bret, M. Cano; Cerrito, L.; Fletcher, G.; Goddard, J. R.; Hays, J. M.; Hickling, R.; Landon, M. P. J.; Lloyd, S. L.; Morris, J. D.; Piccaro, E.; Rizvi, E.; Sandbach, R. L.; Snidero, G.; Castanheira, M. Teixeira Dias] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, London, England. [Berry, T.; Blanco, J. E.; Boisvert, V.; Brooks, T.; Connelly, I. A.; Cowan, G.; Duguid, L.; George, S.; Gibson, S. M.; Kempster, J. J.; Vazquez, J. G. Panduro; Pastore, Fr.; Savage, G.; Spano, F.; Teixeira-Dias, P.; Thomas-Wilsker, J.] Royal Holloway Univ London, Dept Phys, Egham, Surrey, England. [Bieniek, S. P.; Butterworth, J. M.; Campanelli, M.; Casadei, D.; Chislett, R. T.; Cooper, B. D.; Davison, P.; Falla, R. J.; Freeborn, D.; Gregersen, K.; Hesketh, G. G.; Jansen, E.; Konstantinidis, N.; Korn, A.; Kucuk, H.; Lambourne, L.; Leney, K. J. C.; Martyniuk, A. C.; Mcfayden, J. A.; Nurse, E.; Ochoa, I.; Pilkington, A. D.; Scanlon, T.; Sherwood, P.; Simmons, B.; Wardrope, D. R.; Waugh, B. M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Greenwood, Z. D.; Jana, D. K.; Sawyer, L.; Sircar, A.; Subramaniam, R.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Beau, T.; Bomben, M.; Calderini, G.; Crescioli, F.; Davignon, O.; De Cecco, S.; Demilly, A.; Derue, F.; Francavilla, P.; Krasny, M. W.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Laplace, S.; Le Dortz, O.; Lefebvre, G.; Malaescu, B.; Marchiori, G.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Ocariz, J.; Pandini, C. E.; Pires, S.; Ridel, M.; Roos, L.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Vannucci, F.; Varouchas, D.] UPMC, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris, France. [Beau, T.; Bomben, M.; Calderini, G.; Crescioli, F.; Davignon, O.; De Cecco, S.; Demilly, A.; Derue, F.; Francavilla, P.; Krasny, M. W.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Laplace, S.; Le Dortz, O.; Lefebvre, G.; Malaescu, B.; Marchiori, G.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Ocariz, J.; Pandini, C. E.; Pires, S.; Ridel, M.; Roos, L.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Vannucci, F.; Varouchas, D.] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France. [Beau, T.; Bomben, M.; Calderini, G.; Crescioli, F.; Davignon, O.; De Cecco, S.; Demilly, A.; Derue, F.; Francavilla, P.; Krasny, M. W.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Laplace, S.; Le Dortz, O.; Lefebvre, G.; Malaescu, B.; Marchiori, G.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Ocariz, J.; Pandini, C. E.; Pires, S.; Ridel, M.; Roos, L.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Vannucci, F.; Varouchas, D.] CNRS, IN2P3, Paris, France. [Akesson, T. P. A.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bryngemark, L.; Floderus, A.; Hawkins, A. D.; Hedberg, V.; Ivarsson, J.; Jarlskog, G.; Lytken, E.; Mjoernmark, J. U.; Smirnova, O.; Viazlo, O.] Lund Univ, Inst Fys, Lund, Sweden. [Arnal, V.; Barreiro, F.; Cantero, J.; De la Torre, H.; Del Peso, J.; Glasman, C.; Merino, J. Llorente; Terron, J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor C 15, Madrid, Spain. [Bertella, C.; Blum, W.; Buscher, V.; Caputo, R.; Caudron, J.; Ellinghaus, F.; Endner, O. C.; Ertel, E.; Fiedler, F.; Torregrosa, E. Fullana; Heck, T.; Hohlfeld, M.; Huelsing, T. A.; Karnevskiy, M.; Kleinknecht, K.; Konig, S.; Kopke, L.; Lin, T. H.; Lungwitz, M.; Masetti, L.; Mattmann, J.; Meyer, C.; Moritz, S.; Poettgen, R.; Rave, S.; Sander, H. G.; Schaeffer, J.; Schaefer, U.; Schmitt, C.; Schott, M.; Schroeder, C.; Schuh, N.; Simioni, E.; Tapprogge, S.; Urrejola, P.; Wollstadt, S. J.; Zimmermann, C.; Zinser, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Almond, J.; Aloisio, A.; Balli, F.; Barnes, S. L.; Cox, B. E.; Da Via, C.; Forti, A.; Ponce, J. M. Iturbe; Joshi, K. D.; Keoshkerian, H.; Klinger, J. A.; Loebinger, F. K.; Marsden, S. P.; Masik, J.; Neep, T. J.; Oh, A.; Ospanov, R.; Pater, J. R.; Peters, R. F. Y.; Price, D.; Qin, Y.; Queitsch-Maitland, M.; Robinson, J. E. M.; Schwanenberger, C.; Thompson, R. J.; Tomlinson, L.; Watts, S.; Webb, S.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wyatt, T. R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Aad, G.; Alio, L.; Barbero, M.; Chen, L.; Coadou, Y.; Diaconu, C.; Diglio, S.; Djama, F.; Feligioni, L.; Gao, J.; Hallewell, G. D.; Hubaut, F.; Kahn, S. J.; Knoops, E. B. F. G.; Le Guirriec, E.; Li, B.; Liu, J.; Liu, K.; Madaffari, D.; Mochizuki, K.; Monnier, E.; Muanza, S.; Nagai, Y.; Nagy, E.; Pralavorio, P.; Rozanov, A.; Serre, T.; Talby, M.; Torres, R. E. Ticse; Tiouchichine, E.; Tisserant, S.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Ughetto, M.; Vacavant, L.] Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, Marseille, France. [Aad, G.; Alio, L.; Aloisio, A.; Barbero, M.; Chen, L.; Coadou, Y.; Diaconu, C.; Diglio, S.; Djama, F.; Feligioni, L.; Gao, J.; Hallewell, G. D.; Hubaut, F.; Kahn, S. J.; Knoops, E. B. F. G.; Le Guirriec, E.; Li, B.; Liu, J.; Liu, K.; Madaffari, D.; Mochizuki, K.; Monnier, E.; Muanza, S.; Nagai, Y.; Nagy, E.; Pralavorio, P.; Rozanov, A.; Serre, T.; Talby, M.; Torres, R. E. Ticse; Tiouchichine, E.; Tisserant, S.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Ughetto, M.; Vacavant, L.] CNRS, IN2P3, Marseille, France. [Bellomo, M.; Bernard, N. R.; Brau, B.; Dallapiccola, C.; Daya-Ishmukhametova, R. K.; Moyse, E. J. W.; Pais, P.; Pueschel, E.; Ventura, D.; Willocq, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Belanger-Champagne, C.; Chapleau, B.; Corriveau, F.; Keyes, R. A.; Mantifel, R.; Prince, S.; Robertson, S. H.; Robichaud-Veronneau, A.; Stockton, M. C.; Stoebe, M.; Vachon, B.; Wang, K.; Warburton, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Barberio, E. L.; Brennan, A. J.; Jennens, D.; Kubota, T.; Hanninger, G. Nunes; Nuti, F.; Rados, P.; Spiller, L. A.; Tan, K. G.; Taylor, G. N.; Thong, W. M.; Urquijo, P.; Volpi, M.; Zanzi, D.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Amidei, D.; Annovi, A.; Chelstowska, M. A.; Cheng, H. C.; Dai, T.; Diehl, E. B.; Feng, H.; Ferretti, C.; Fleischmann, P.; Goldfarb, S.; Hu, X.; Levin, D.; Liu, L.; Long, J. D.; Lu, N.; Mc Kee, S. P.; McCarn, A.; Neal, H. A.; Panikashvili, N.; Qian, J.; Schwarz, T. A.; Searcy, J.; Thun, R. P.; Wilson, A.; Wu, Y.; Xu, L.; Yu, J. M.; Zhang, D.; Zhou, B.; Zhu, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Aloisio, A.; Gonzalez, B. Alvarez; Arabidze, G.; Brock, R.; Chegwidden, A.; Fisher, W. C.; Halladjian, G.; Hauser, R.; Hayden, D.; Huston, J.; Linnemann, J. T.; Martin, B.; Pope, B. G.; Schoenrock, B. D.; Schwienhorst, R.; Ta, D.; Tollefson, K.; True, P.; Willis, C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Alimonti, G.; Andreazza, A.; Besana, M. I.; Carminati, L.; Cavalli, D.; Consonni, S. M.; Fanti, M.; Giugni, D.; Lari, T.; Mandelli, L.; Mazza, S. M.; Meroni, C.; Perini, L.; Pizio, C.; Ragusa, F.; Shojaii, S.; Simoniello, R.; Tartarelli, G. F.; Troncon, C.; Turra, R.; Perez, M. Villaplana] Univ Milan, INFN, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy. [Andreazza, A.; Carminati, L.; Consonni, S. M.; Fanti, M.; Mazza, S. M.; Perini, L.; Pizio, C.; Ragusa, F.; Shojaii, S.; Simoniello, R.; Turra, R.; Perez, M. Villaplana] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. [Harkusha, S.; Kulchitsky, Y.; Kurochkin, Y. A.; Tsiareshka, P. V.] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, BI Stepanov Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Hrynevich, A.; Yanush, S.] Natl Sci & Educ Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Taylor, F. E.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Arguin, J-F.; Azuelos, G.; Dallaire, F.; Gauthier, L.; Leroy, C.; Rezvani, R.; Saadi, D. Shoaleh; Soueid, P.] Univ Montreal, Grp Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Akimov, A. V.; Gavrilenko, I. L.; Komar, A. A.; Mashinistov, R.; Mouraviev, S. V.; Nechaeva, P. Yu.; Shmeleva, A.; Snesarev, A. A.; Sulin, V. V.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Zhukov, K.] Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Inst Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Artamonov, A.; Gorbounov, P. A.; Khovanskiy, V.; Shatalov, P. B.; Tsukerman, I. I.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Antonov, A.; Belotskiy, K.; Bulekov, O.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Kantserov, V. A.; Khodinov, A.; Krasnopevtsev, D.; Romaniouk, A.; Shulga, E.; Smirnov, S. Yu.; Smirnov, Y.; Soldatov, E. Yu.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Timoshenko, S.; Vorobev, K.] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. [Boldyrev, A. S.; Gladilin, L. K.; Kramarenko, V. A.; Maevskiy, A.; Rud, V. I.; Sivoklokov, S. Yu.; Smirnova, L. N.; Turchikhin, S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, DV Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Adomeit, S.; Aloisio, A.; Becker, S.; Bender, M.; Biebel, O.; Bock, C.; Bortfeldt, J.; Calfayan, P.; Chow, B. K. B.; Duckeck, G.; Elmsheuser, J.; Hertenberger, R.; Hoenig, F.; Legger, F.; Lorenz, J.; Losel, P. J.; Maier, T.; Mann, A.; Mehlhase, S.; Meineck, C.; Mitrevski, J.; Mueller, R. S. P.; Nunnemann, T.; Rauscher, F.; Ruschke, A.; Sanders, M. P.; Schaile, D.; Unverdorben, C.; Vladoiu, D.; Walker, R.; Wittkowski, J.] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, Munich, Germany. [Barillari, T.; Bethke, S.; Bronner, J.; Compostella, G.; Cortiana, G.; Ecker, K. M.; Flowerdew, M. J.; Goblirsch-Kolb, M.; Ince, T.; Kiryunin, A. E.; Kluth, S.; Kortner, O.; Kortner, S.; Kroha, H.; Macchiolo, A.; Maier, A. A.; Manfredini, A.; Menke, S.; Mueller, F.; Nagel, M.; Nisius, R.; Nowak, S.; Oberlack, H.; Pahl, C.; Richter, R.; Salihagic, D.; Sandstroem, R.; Schacht, P.; Schwegler, Ph.; Sforza, F.; Spettel, F.; Stern, S.; Stonjek, S.; Terzo, S.; von der Schmitt, H.; Wildauer, A.] Werner Heisenberg Inst, Max Planck Inst Phys, Munich, Germany. [Shimojima, M.] Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki, Japan. [Hasegawa, S.; Horii, Y.; Morvaj, L.; Tomoto, M.; Wakabayashi, J.; Yamauchi, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Hasegawa, S.; Horii, Y.; Morvaj, L.; Tomoto, M.; Wakabayashi, J.; Yamauchi, K.] Nagoya Univ, Kobayashi Maskawa Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Aloisio, A.; Carlino, G.; Conventi, F.; Della Pietra, M.; Di Donato, C.; Doria, A.; Merola, L.; Rossi, E.; Sanchez, A.; Sekhniaidze, G.; Zurzolo, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, INFN, Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy. [Aloisio, A.; Alviggi, M. G.; Canale, V.; Di Donato, C.; Merola, L.; Perrella, S.; Rossi, E.; Sanchez, A.; Zurzolo, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy. [Gorelov, I.; Hoeferkamp, M. R.; Seidel, S. C.; Toms, K.; Wang, R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Besjes, G. J.; De Groot, N.; Filthaut, F.; Galea, C.; Klok, P. F.; Koenig, A. C.; Salvucci, A.; Strubig, A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen Nikhef, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Aben, R.; Angelozzi, I.; Beemster, L. J.; Bentvelsen, S.; Berge, D.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bos, K.; Brenner, L.; Butti, P.; Castelli, A.; Colijn, A. P.; de Jong, P.; De Nooij, L.; Deigaard, I.; Deluca, C.; Ferrari, P.; Gadatsch, S.; Geerts, D. A. A.; Hartjes, F.; Hessey, N. P.; Hod, N.; Igonkina, O.; Karastathis, N.; Kluit, P.; Koffeman, E.; Linde, F.; Mahlstedt, J.; Mechnich, J.; Meyer, J.; Oussoren, K. P.; Sabato, G.; Salek, D.; Slawinska, M.; Valencic, N.; Van Den Wollenberg, W.; Van der Deijl, P. C.; Van der Geer, R.; Van der Graaf, H.; Van Der Leeuw, R.; van Vulpen, I.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vreeswijk, M.; Weits, H.; Williams, S.] Nikhef Natl Inst Subat Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Aben, R.; Angelozzi, I.; Beemster, L. J.; Bentvelsen, S.; Berge, D.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bos, K.; Brenner, L.; Butti, P.; Castelli, A.; Colijn, A. P.; de Jong, P.; De Nooij, L.; Deigaard, I.; Deluca, C.; Ferrari, P.; Gadatsch, S.; Geerts, D. A. A.; Hartjes, F.; Hessey, N. P.; Hod, N.; Igonkina, O.; Karastathis, N.; Kluit, P.; Koffeman, E.; Linde, F.; Mahlstedt, J.; Mechnich, J.; Meyer, J.; Oussoren, K. P.; Sabato, G.; Salek, D.; Slawinska, M.; Valencic, N.; Van Den Wollenberg, W.; Van der Deijl, P. C.; Van der Geer, R.; Van der Graaf, H.; Van Der Leeuw, R.; van Vulpen, I.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vreeswijk, M.; Weits, H.; Williams, S.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Adelman, J.; Burghgrave, B.; Chakraborty, D.; Cole, S.; Suhr, C.; Yurkewicz, A.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL USA. [Anisenkov, A. V.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Kazanin, V. F.; Kharlamov, A. G.; Korol, A. A.; Malyshev, V. M.; Maslennikov, A. L.; Maximov, D. A.; Peleganchuk, S. V.; Rezanova, O. L.; Soukharev, A. M.; Talyshev, A. A.; Tikhonov, Yu. A.] SB RAS, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Bernius, C.; Cranmer, K.; Haas, A.; Heinrich, L.; van Huysduynen, L. Hooft; Kaplan, B.; Karthik, K.; Konoplich, R.; Kreiss, S.; Mincer, A. I.; Nemethy, P.; Neves, R. M.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Beacham, J. B.; Gan, K. K.; Ishmukhametov, R.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R. D.; Looper, K. A.; Merritt, H.; Moss, J.; Nagarkar, A.; Pignotti, D. T.; Shrestha, S.; Tannenwald, B. B.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nakano, I.] Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Okayama 700, Japan. [Abbott, B.; Alhroob, M.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Gutierrez, P.; Hasib, A.; Norberg, S.; Saleem, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Abi, B.; Bousson, N.; Haley, J.; Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.; Salnikov, A.; Sidorov, D.; Yu, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Chytka, L.; Hamal, P.; Hrabovsky, M.; Kvita, J.; Nozka, L.] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Brau, J. E.; Brost, E.; Hopkins, W. H.; Majewski, S.; Potter, C. T.; Ptacek, E.; Radloff, P.; Shamim, M.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D. M.; Torrence, E.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Winklmeier, F.] Univ Oregon, Ctr High Energy Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Khalek, S. Abdel; Ayoub, M. K.; Bassalat, A.; Becot, C.; Binet, S.; Bourdarios, C.; Charfeddine, D.; De Regie, J. B. De Vivie; Delgove, D.; Duflot, L.; Escalier, M.; Fayard, L.; Fournier, D.; Gkougkousis, E. L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Guillemin, T.; Hariri, F.; Henrot-Versille, S.; Hrivnac, J.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Kado, M.; Li, Y.; Lounis, A.; Makovec, N.; Morange, N.; Nellist, C.; Poggioli, L.; Puzo, P.; Renaud, A.; Rousseau, D.; Rybkin, G.; Schaffer, A. C.; Scifo, E.; Serin, L.; Simion, S.; Tanaka, R.; Tran, H. L.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Paris 11, LAL, Orsay, France. [Khalek, S. Abdel; Ayoub, M. K.; Bassalat, A.; Becot, C.; Binet, S.; Bourdarios, C.; Charfeddine, D.; De Regie, J. B. De Vivie; Delgove, D.; Duflot, L.; Escalier, M.; Fayard, L.; Fournier, D.; Gkougkousis, E. L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Guillemin, T.; Hariri, F.; Henrot-Versille, S.; Hrivnac, J.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Kado, M.; Li, Y.; Lounis, A.; Makovec, N.; Morange, N.; Nellist, C.; Poggioli, L.; Puzo, P.; Renaud, A.; Rousseau, D.; Rybkin, G.; Schaffer, A. C.; Scifo, E.; Serin, L.; Simion, S.; Tanaka, R.; Tran, H. L.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Y.] CNRS, IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Endo, M.; Hanagaki, K.; Nomachi, M.; Okamura, W.; Sugaya, Y.; Teoh, J. J.; Yamaguchi, Y.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka, Japan. [Bugge, L.; Bugge, M. K.; Cameron, D.; Catmore, J. R.; Franconi, L.; Gjelsten, B. K.; Gramstad, E.; Morisbak, V.; Ould-Saada, F.; Pajchel, K.; Pedersen, M.; Read, A. L.; Rohne, O.; Stapnes, S.; Strandlie, A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Barr, A. J.; Becker, K.; Behr, J. K.; Beresford, L.; Boddy, C. R.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Ortuzar, M. Crispin; Dafinca, A.; Davies, E.; Frost, J. A.; Gallas, E. J.; Gupta, S.; Gwenlan, C.; Hall, D.; Hays, C. P.; Henderson, J.; Howard, J.; Huffman, T. B.; Issever, C.; Kalderon, C. W.; King, R. S. B.; Kogan, L. A.; Lewis, A.; Nagai, K.; Nickerson, R. B.; Pachal, K.; Pickering, M. A.; Ryder, N. C.; Sawyer, C.; Tseng, J. C-L.; Vickey, T.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Weidberg, A. R.; Zhong, J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Conta, C.; Dondero, P.; Ferrari, R.; Fraternali, M.; Gaudio, G.; Livan, M.; Negri, A.; Polesello, G.; Rebuzzi, D. M.; Rimoldi, A.; Vercesi, V.] Univ Pavia, INFN, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Conta, C.; Dondero, P.; Livan, M.; Negri, A.; Rebuzzi, D. M.; Rimoldi, A.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Brendlinger, K.; Heim, S.; Hines, E.; Hong, T. M.; Jackson, B.; Kroll, J.; Lipeles, E.; Meyer, C.; Stahlman, J.; Thomson, E.; Tuna, A. N.; Vanguri, R.; Williams, H. H.; Yoshihara, K.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ezhilov, A.; Fedin, O. L.; Gratchev, V.; Levchenko, M.; Maleev, V. P.; Ryabov, Y. F.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Sedykh, E.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Solovyev, V.] BP Konstantinov Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Kurchatov Inst, Natl Res Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. [Annovi, A.; Beccherle, R.; Bertolucci, F.; Cavasinni, V.; Del Prete, T.; Dell'Orso, M.; Donati, S.; Giannetti, P.; Leone, S.; Roda, C.; Scuri, F.; Volpi, G.; White, S.] Univ Pisa, INFN, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Annovi, A.; Beccherle, R.; Bertolucci, F.; Cavasinni, V.; Del Prete, T.; Dell'Orso, M.; Donati, S.; Giannetti, P.; Leone, S.; Roda, C.; Scuri, F.; Volpi, G.; White, S.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, Pisa, Italy. [Bianchi, R. M.; Boudreau, J.; Cleland, W.; Escobar, C.; Mueller, J.; Sapp, K.; Su, J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amorim, A.; Araque, J. P.; Cantrill, R.; Carvalho, J.; Castro, N. F.; Muino, P. Conde; Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J.; Fiolhais, M. C. N.; Galhardo, B.; Gomes, A.; Goncalo, R.; Jorge, P. M.; Lopes, L.; Miguens, J. Machado; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Onofre, A.; Palma, A.; Pedro, R.; Pina, J.; Pinto, B.; Santos, H.; Saraiva, J. G.; Silva, J.; Delgado, A. Tavares; Veloso, F.; Wolters, H.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon, Portugal. [Amorim, A.; Muino, P. Conde; Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J.; Gomes, A.; Jorge, P. M.; Miguens, J. Machado; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Palma, A.; Pedro, R.; Pina, J.; Delgado, A. Tavares] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Carvalho, J.; Fiolhais, M. C. N.; Galhardo, B.; Veloso, F.; Wolters, H.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, Coimbra, Portugal. [Gomes, A.; Maio, A.; Pina, J.; Saraiva, J. G.; Silva, J.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Onofre, A.] Univ Minho, Dept Fis, Braga, Portugal. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, Granada, Spain. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.] Univ Granada, CAFPE, Granada, Spain. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, Caparica, Portugal. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, CEFITEC, Caparica, Portugal. [Chudoba, J.; Havranek, M.; Hejbal, J.; Jakoubek, T.; Kepka, O.; Kupco, A.; Kus, V.; Lokajicek, M.; Lysak, R.; Marcisovsky, M.; Mikestikova, M.; Nemecek, S.; Sicho, P.; Staroba, P.; Svatos, M.; Tasevsky, M.; Vrba, V.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Augsten, K.; Caforio, D.; Gallus, P.; Guenther, J.; Jakubek, J.; Kohout, Z.; Myska, M.; Pospisil, S.; Seifert, F.; Simak, V.; Slavicek, T.; Smolek, K.; Solar, M.; Solc, J.; Sopczak, A.; Sopko, B.; Sopko, V.; Suk, M.; Turecek, D.; Vacek, V.; Vlasak, M.; Vokac, P.; Vykydal, Z.; Zeman, M.] Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. [Balek, P.; Berta, P.; Cerny, K.; Chalupkova, I.; Davidek, T.; Dolejsi, J.; Dolezal, Z.; Faltova, J.; Kodys, P.; Kosek, T.; Leitner, R.; Pleskot, V.; Reznicek, P.; Rybar, M.; Scheirich, D.; Spousta, M.; Sykora, T.; Tas, P.; Todorova-Nova, S.; Valkar, S.; Vorobel, V.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Borisov, A.; Cheremushkina, E.; Denisov, S. P.; Fakhrutdinov, R. M.; Fenyuk, A. B.; Golubkov, D.; Kamenshchikov, A.; Karyukhin, A. N.; Kozhin, A. S.; Minaenko, A. A.; Myagkov, A. G.; Nikolaenko, V.; Solodkov, A. A.; Solovyanov, O. V.; Starchenko, E. A.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zenin, O.] State Res Ctr, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Adye, T.; Baines, J. T.; Barnett, B. M.; Burke, S.; Davies, E.; Dewhurst, A.; Dopke, J.; Emeliyanov, D.; Gallop, B. J.; Gee, C. N. P.; Haywood, S. J.; Kirk, J.; Martin-Haugh, S.; McCubbin, N. A.; McMahon, S. J.; Middleton, R. P.; Murray, W. J.; Phillips, P. W.; Sankey, D. P. C.; Tyndel, M.; Wickens, F. J.; Wielers, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Particle Phys Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Tanaka, S.] Ritsumeikan Univ, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan. [Anulli, F.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bauce, M.; Bini, C.; Ciapetti, G.; De Pedis, D.; De Salvo, A.; Di Domenico, A.; Falciano, S.; Gabrielli, A.; Gauzzi, P.; Gentile, S.; Giagu, S.; Kunaa, M.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Luminari, L.; Marzano, F.; Mirabelli, G.; Monzani, S.; Nisati, A.; Pasqualucci, E.; Petrolo, E.; Pontecorvo, L.; Rescigno, M.; Rosati, S.; Tehrani, F. Safai; Vanadia, M.; Vari, R.; Veneziano, S.; Verducci, M.; Zanello, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFN, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bauce, M.; Bini, C.; Ciapetti, G.; Di Domenico, A.; Gabrielli, A.; Gauzzi, P.; Gentile, S.; Giagu, S.; Kunaa, M.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Messina, A.; Monzani, S.; Vanadia, M.; Verducci, M.; Zanello, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Cardarelli, R.; Cattani, G.; Di Ciaccio, A.; Grossi, G. C.; Iuppa, R.; Liberti, B.; Mazzaferro, L.; Paolozzi, L.; Salamon, A.; Santonico, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Cattani, G.; Di Ciaccio, A.; Grossi, G. C.; Iuppa, R.; Mazzaferro, L.; Paolozzi, L.; Salamon, A.; Santonico, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Bacci, C.; Baroncelli, A.; Biglietti, M.; Ceradini, F.; Di Micco, B.; Farilla, A.; Graziani, E.; Iodice, M.; Orestano, D.; Pastore, F.; Petrucci, F.; Puddu, D.; Salamanna, G.; Stanescu, C.; Taccini, C.; Trovatelli, M.] Univ Roma Tre, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. [Bacci, C.; Ceradini, F.; Di Micco, B.; Orestano, D.; Pastore, F.; Petrucci, F.; Puddu, D.; Salamanna, G.; Taccini, C.; Trovatelli, M.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Rome, Italy. [Benchekroun, D.; Chafaq, A.; Gouighria, M.; Hoummada, A.] Univ Hassan 2, Reseau Univ Phys Hautes Energies, Fac Sci Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco. [Ghazlane, H.] Ctr Natl Energie Sci Tech Nucl, Rabat, Morocco. [El Kacimi, M.; Goujdami, D.] Univ Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA, Fac Sci Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco. [Boutouil, S.; Derkaoui, E.; Ouchrif, M.; Tayalati, Y.] Univ Mohamed Premier, Fac Sci, Oujda, Morocco. [Boutouil, S.; Derkaoui, E.; Ouchrif, M.; Tayalati, Y.] LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco. [El Moursli, R. Cherkaoui; Fassi, F.; Haddad, N.; Idrissi, Z.] Univ Mohammed V Agdal, Fac Sci, Rabat, Morocco. [Bachacou, H.; Bauer, F.; Besson, N.; Blanchard, J. -B.; Boonekamp, M.; Calandri, A.; Chevalier, L.; Hoffmann, M. Dano; Deliot, F.; Etienvre, A. I.; Formica, A.; Giraud, P. F.; Da Costa, J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino; Guyot, C.; Hanna, R.; Hassani, S.; Kozanecki, W.; Lancon, E.; Laporte, J. F.; Maiani, C.; Mansoulie, B.; Martinez, H.; Meric, N.; Meyer, J-P.; Nicolaidou, R.; Ouraou, A.; Protopapadaki, E.; Royon, C. R.; Saimpert, M.; Schoeffel, L.; Schune, Ph.; Schwemling, Ph.; Schwindling, J.] CEA Saclay, DSM, IRFU, Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Battaglia, M.; Debenedetti, C.; Grabas, H. M. X.; Grillo, A. A.; Kuhl, A.; Law, A. T.; Liang, Z.; Litke, A. M.; Lockman, W. S.; Manning, P. M.; Nielsen, J.; Reece, R.; Rose, P.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Schumm, B. A.; Seiden, A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Blackburn, D.; Coccaro, A.; Goussiou, A. G.; Hsu, S. -C.; Lubatti, H. J.; Marx, M.; Rompotis, N.; Rosten, R.; Rothberg, J.; Russell, H. L.; De Bruin, P. H. Sales; Watts, G.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anastopoulos, C.; Costanzo, D.; Donszelmann, T. Cuhadar; Dawson, I.; Fletcher, G. T.; Hodgkinson, M. C.; Hodgson, P.; Johansson, P.; Korolkova, E. V.; Kyriazopoulos, D.; Paredes, B. Lopez; Miyagawa, S.; Paganis, E.; Parker, K. A.; Tovey, D. R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Hasegawa, Y.; Takeshita, T.] Shinshu Univ, Dept Phys, Nagano, Japan. [Atlay, N. B.; Buchholz, P.; Czirr, H.; Fleck, I.; Gaur, B.; Ibragimov, I.; Ikematsu, K.; Rosenthal, O.; Walkowiak, W.; Ziolkowski, M.] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Buat, Q.; Dawe, E.; Horton, A. J.; O'Neil, D. C.; Stelzer, B.; Tanasijczuk, A. J.; Torres, H.; van Nieuwkoop, J.; Vetterli, M. C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Barklow, T.; Bartoldus, R.; Bawa, H. S.; Black, J. E.; Cogan, J. G.; Fulsom, B. G.; Gao, Y. S.; Garelli, N.; Grenier, P.; Kagan, M.; Kocian, M.; Koi, T.; Malone, C.; Mount, R.; Nef, P. D.; Piacquadio, G.; Schwartzman, A.; Silverstein, D.; Strauss, E.; Su, D.; Swiatlowski, M.; Tompkins, L.; Wittgen, M.; Young, C.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA USA. [Astalos, R.; Bartos, P.; Blazek, T.; Federic, P.; Plazak, L.; Stavina, P.; Sykora, I.; Tokar, S.; Zenis, T.] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Antos, J.; Bruncko, D.; Kladiva, E.; Strizenec, P.; Urban, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Dept Subnucl Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Hamilton, A.; Meehan, S.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Aurousseau, M.; Castaneda-Miranda, E.; Connell, S. H.; Lee, C. A.; Yacoobb, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bristow, K.; Carrillo-Montoyac, G. D.; Hamity, G. N.; Hsuc, C.; March, L.; Garcia, B. R. Mellado; Ruan, X.; Vickey, T.; Boeriu, O. E. Vickey] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Abulaiti, Y.; Akerstedt, H.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Annovi, A.; Asman, B.; Bendtz, K.; Bylund, O. Bessidskaia; Bohm, C.; Clement, C.; Cribbs, W. A.; Eriksson, D.; Hellman, S.; Jon-And, K.; Khandanyan, H.; Kim, H.; Klimek, P.; Lundberg, O.; Milstead, D. A.; Moa, T.; Molander, S.; Pani, P.; Petridis, A.; Plucinski, P.; Rossetti, V.; Shcherbakova, A.; Silverstein, S. B.; Sjoelin, J.; Strandberg, S.; Tylmad, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Abulaiti, Y.; Akerstedt, H.; Asman, B.; Bendtz, K.; Bertoli, G.; Bylund, O. Bessidskaia; Clement, C.; Cribbs, W. A.; Hellman, S.; Jon-And, K.; Khandanyan, H.; Kim, H.; Klimek, P.; Lundberg, O.; Milstead, D. A.; Moa, T.; Molander, S.; Pani, P.; Petridis, A.; Plucinski, P.; Rossetti, V.; Shcherbakova, A.; Sjoelin, J.; Strandberg, S.; Tylmad, M.] Oskar Klein Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. [Jovicevic, J.; Kuwertz, E. S.; Lund-Jensen, B.; Morley, A. K.; Strandberg, J.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Balestri, T.; Bee, C. P.; Campoverde, A.; Chen, K.; Grassi, V.; Hobbs, J.; Jia, J.; Li, H.; Lindquist, B. E.; Mastrandrea, P.; McCarthy, R. L.; Puldon, D.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Tsybychev, D.; Zaman, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Balestri, T.; Bee, C. P.; Campoverde, A.; Chen, K.; Grassi, V.; Hobbs, J.; Jia, J.; Li, H.; Lindquist, B. E.; Mastrandrea, P.; McCarthy, R. L.; Puldon, D.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Tsybychev, D.; Zaman, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Asquith, L.; Cerri, A.; Barajas, C. A. Chavez; De Sanctis, U.; De Santo, A.; Grout, Z. J.; Potter, C. J.; Salvatore, F.; Castillo, I. Santoyo; Shehu, C. Y.; Suruliz, K.; Sutton, M. R.; Vivarelli, I.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton, E Sussex, England. [Black, C. W.; Cuthbert, C.; Finelli, K. D.; Jeng, G. -Y.; Limosani, A.; Patel, N. D.; Saavedra, A. F.; Scarcella, M.; Shapiro, M.; Varvell, K. E.; Watson, I. J.; Yabsley, B.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Abdallah, J.; Chu, M. L.; Hou, S.; Hsu, P. J.; Jamin, D. O.; Lee, S. C.; Lin, S. C.; Liu, B.; Liu, D.; Lo Sterzo, F.; Mazini, R.; Shi, L.; Soh, D. A.; Teng, P. K.; Wang, S. M.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Abreu, H.; Cheatham, S.; Di Mattia, A.; Kopeliansky, R.; Musto, E.; Rozen, Y.; Tarem, S.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Abramowicz, H.; Alexander, G.; Amram, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Bella, G.; Benary, O.; Benhammou, Y.; Davies, M.; Etzion, E.; Gershon, A.; Gueta, O.; Guttman, N.; Munwes, Y.; Oren, Y.; Silver, Y.; Soffer, A.; Taiblum, N.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Bachas, K.; Gkaitatzis, S.; Gkialas, I.; Iliadis, D.; Kimura, N.; Kordas, K.; Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, A.; Leisos, A.; Orlando, N.; Papageorgiou, K.; Hernandez, D. Paredes; Petridou, C.; Sampsonidis, D.; Sotiropoulou, C. L.; Tsionou, D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Akimoto, G.; Asai, S.; Dohmae, T.; Enari, Y.; Hanawa, K.; Kanaya, N.; Kataoka, Y.; Kawamoto, T.; Kazama, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Komori, Y.; Mashimo, T.; Masubuchi, T.; Minami, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Ninomiya, Y.; Okuyama, T.; Sakamoto, H.; Sasaki, Y.; Tanaka, J.; Terashi, K.; Ueda, I.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Int Ctr Elementary Particle Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Akimoto, G.; Asai, S.; Dohmae, T.; Enari, Y.; Hanawa, K.; Kanaya, N.; Kataoka, Y.; Kawamoto, T.; Kazama, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Komori, Y.; Mashimo, T.; Masubuchi, T.; Minami, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Ninomiya, Y.; Okuyama, T.; Sakamoto, H.; Sasaki, Y.; Tanaka, J.; Terashi, K.; Ueda, I.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Bratzler, U.; Fukunaga, C.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Hirose, M.; Ishitsuka, M.; Jinnouchi, O.; Kobayashi, D.; Kuze, M.; Motohashi, K.; Nagai, R.; Nobe, T.; Pettersson, N. E.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [AbouZeid, O. S.; Batista, S. J.; Chau, C. C.; DeMarco, D. A.; Diamond, M.; Ilic, N.; Krieger, P.; Mc Goldrick, G.; Orr, R. S.; Polifka, R.; Rudolph, M. S.; Savard, P.; Schramm, S.; Sinervo, P.; Taenzer, J.; Teuscher, R. J.; Trischuk, W.; Venturi, N.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Azuelos, G.; Canepa, A.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Gingrich, D. M.; Koutsman, A.; Oakham, F. G.; Oram, C. J.; Codina, E. Perez; Savard, P.; Schneider, B.; Schouten, D.; Seuster, R.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.; Tafirout, R.; Trigger, I. M.; Vetterli, M. C.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Garcia, J. A. Benitez; Ramos, J. Manjarres; Palacino, G.; Taylor, W.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Hara, K.; Hayashi, T.; Kim, S. H.; Kiuchi, K.; Nagata, K.; Okawa, H.; Sato, K.; Ukegawa, F.] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Beauchemin, P. H.; Hamilton, S.; Meoni, E.; Rolli, S.; Sliwa, K.; Wetter, J.] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Losada, M.; Moreno, D.; Navarro, G.; Sandoval, C.] Univ Antonio Narino, Ctr Invest, Bogota, Colombia. [Corso-Radu, A.; Gerbaudo, D.; Lankford, A. J.; Mete, A. S.; Nelson, A.; Relich, M.; Scannicchio, D. A.; Schernau, M.; Shimmin, C. O.; Taffard, A.; Unel, G.; Whiteson, D.; Zhou, N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA. [Acharya, B. S.; Barisonzi, M.; Brazzale, S. F.; Cobal, M.; Giordani, M. P.; Miglioranzi, S.; Pinamonti, M.; Quayle, W. B.; Shaw, K.; Soualah, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Collegato Udine, Sez Trieste, Udine, Italy. [Acharya, B. S.; Barisonzi, M.; Quayle, W. B.; Shaw, K.] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Brazzale, S. F.; Cobal, M.; Giordani, M. P.; Miglioranzi, S.; Pinamonti, M.; Soualah, R.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Ambiente, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Atkinson, M.; Basye, A.; Cavaliere, V.; Chang, P.; Errede, S.; Lie, K.; Liss, T. M.; Neubauer, M. S.; Shang, R.; Vichou, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Brenner, R.; Buszello, C. P.; Ekelof, T.; Ellert, M.; Ferrari, A.; Isaksson, C.; Madsen, A.; Ohman, H.; Pelikan, D.; Rangel-Smith, C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden. [Urban, S. Cabrera; Gimenez, V. Castillo; Costa, M. J.; Martinez, P. Fernandez; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Navarro, J. E. Garcia; de la Hoz, S. Gonzalez; Jimenez, Y. Hernandez; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Quiles, A. Irles; Pena, J. Jimenez; Kaci, M.; King, M.; Lacasta, C.; Lacuesta, V. R.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Moles-Valls, R.; Garcia, E. Oliver; Lopez, S. Pedraza; Garcia-Estan, M. T. Perez; Adam, E. Romero; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez, J.; Martinez, V. Sanchez; Soldevila, U.; Pastor, E. Torro; Valero, A.; Gallego, E. Valladolid; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Valencia, Spain. [Urban, S. Cabrera; Gimenez, V. Castillo; Costa, M. J.; Martinez, P. Fernandez; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Navarro, J. E. Garcia; de la Hoz, S. Gonzalez; Jimenez, Y. Hernandez; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Quiles, A. Irles; Pena, J. Jimenez; Kaci, M.; King, M.; Lacasta, C.; Lacuesta, V. R.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Moles-Valls, R.; Garcia, E. Oliver; Lopez, S. Pedraza; Garcia-Estan, M. T. Perez; Adam, E. Romero; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez, J.; Martinez, V. Sanchez; Soldevila, U.; Pastor, E. Torro; Valero, A.; Gallego, E. Valladolid; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Atom Mol & Nucl, Valencia, Spain. [Urban, S. Cabrera; Gimenez, V. Castillo; Costa, M. J.; Martinez, P. Fernandez; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Navarro, J. E. Garcia; de la Hoz, S. Gonzalez; Jimenez, Y. Hernandez; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Quiles, A. Irles; Pena, J. Jimenez; Kaci, M.; King, M.; Lacasta, C.; Lacuesta, V. R.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Moles-Valls, R.; Garcia, E. Oliver; Lopez, S. Pedraza; Garcia-Estan, M. T. Perez; Adam, E. Romero; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez, J.; Martinez, V. Sanchez; Soldevila, U.; Pastor, E. Torro; Valero, A.; Gallego, E. Valladolid; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Ingn Elect, Valencia, Spain. [Urban, S. Cabrera; Gimenez, V. Castillo; Costa, M. J.; Martinez, P. Fernandez; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Navarro, J. E. Garcia; de la Hoz, S. Gonzalez; Jimenez, Y. Hernandez; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Quiles, A. Irles; Pena, J. Jimenez; Kaci, M.; King, M.; Lacasta, C.; Lacuesta, V. R.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Moles-Valls, R.; Garcia, E. Oliver; Lopez, S. Pedraza; Garcia-Estan, M. T. Perez; Adam, E. Romero; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez, J.; Martinez, V. Sanchez; Soldevila, U.; Pastor, E. Torro; Valero, A.; Gallego, E. Valladolid; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, IMB CNM, Valencia, Spain. [Urban, S. Cabrera; Gimenez, V. Castillo; Costa, M. J.; Martinez, P. Fernandez; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Navarro, J. 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M.; Cornelissen, T.; Duda, D.; Ernis, G.; Fischer, J.; Fleischmann, S.; Flick, T.; Gabizon, O.; Hamacher, K.; Harenberg, T.; Heim, T.; Hirschbuehl, D.; Kersten, S.; Kohlmann, S.; Mattig, P.; Neumann, M.; Pataraia, S.; Riegel, C. J.; Sandhoff, M.; Tepel, F.; Wagner, W.; Wicke, D.; Zeitnitz, C.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys C, Wuppertal, Germany. [Baker, O. K.; Cummings, J.; Demers, S.; Garberson, F.; Guest, D.; Henrichs, A.; Ideal, E.; Lagouri, T.; Leister, A. G.; Loginov, A.; Tipton, P.; Wang, X.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. [Hakobyan, H.; Vardanyan, G.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Rahal, G.] Ctr Calcul, Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France. [Acharya, B. S.] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London, England. [Ahmadov, F.; Huseynov, N.; Javadov, N.] Azerbaijan Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Baku, Azerbaijan. [Bawa, H. S.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Kazanin, V. F.; Kharlamov, A. G.; Korol, A. A.; Maslennikov, A. L.; Maximov, D. 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[Yacoobb, S.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Discipline Phys, Durban, South Africa. [Yusuff, I.] Univ Malaya, Dept Phys, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia. RP Aad, G (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, Marseille, France. RI Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Kantserov, Vadim/M-9761-2015; Vanadia, Marco/K-5870-2016; Ippolito, Valerio/L-1435-2016; Maneira, Jose/D-8486-2011; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/D-6269-2015; Staroba, Pavel/G-8850-2014; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Gauzzi, Paolo/D-2615-2009; Maleev, Victor/R-4140-2016; Mindur, Bartosz/A-2253-2017; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Smirnova, Oxana/A-4401-2013; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Gonzalez de la Hoz, Santiago/E-2494-2016; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio/F-1256-2016; Leyton, Michael/G-2214-2016; Jones, Roger/H-5578-2011; Vranjes Milosavljevic, Marija/F-9847-2016; SULIN, VLADIMIR/N-2793-2015; Nechaeva, Polina/N-1148-2015; Vykydal, Zdenek/H-6426-2016; Olshevskiy, Alexander/I-1580-2016; Snesarev, Andrey/H-5090-2013; Fabbri, Laura/H-3442-2012; Solodkov, Alexander/B-8623-2017; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017; Peleganchuk, Sergey/J-6722-2014; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Monzani, Simone/D-6328-2017; Boldyrev, Alexey/M-9684-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; Mashinistov, Ruslan/M-8356-2015; Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Veneziano, Stefano/J-1610-2012; Livan, Michele/D-7531-2012; spagnolo, stefania/A-6359-2012; Di Domenico, Antonio/G-6301-2011; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Boyko, Igor/J-3659-2013; Ciubancan, Liviu Mihai/L-2412-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Mitsou, Vasiliki/D-1967-2009; Zhukov, Konstantin/M-6027-2015; Shmeleva, Alevtina/M-6199-2015; Gavrilenko, Igor/M-8260-2015 OI Ventura, Andrea/0000-0002-3368-3413; Kantserov, Vadim/0000-0001-8255-416X; Vanadia, Marco/0000-0003-2684-276X; Ippolito, Valerio/0000-0001-5126-1620; Maneira, Jose/0000-0002-3222-2738; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/0000-0003-3551-5808; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Gauzzi, Paolo/0000-0003-4841-5822; Mindur, Bartosz/0000-0002-5511-2611; Smirnova, Oxana/0000-0003-2517-531X; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Gonzalez de la Hoz, Santiago/0000-0001-5304-5390; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-5475-8920; Leyton, Michael/0000-0002-0727-8107; Jones, Roger/0000-0002-6427-3513; Vranjes Milosavljevic, Marija/0000-0003-4477-9733; SULIN, VLADIMIR/0000-0003-3943-2495; Vykydal, Zdenek/0000-0003-2329-0672; Olshevskiy, Alexander/0000-0002-8902-1793; Fabbri, Laura/0000-0002-4002-8353; Solodkov, Alexander/0000-0002-2737-8674; Zaitsev, Alexandre/0000-0002-4961-8368; Peleganchuk, Sergey/0000-0003-0907-7592; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Monzani, Simone/0000-0002-0479-2207; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; Mashinistov, Ruslan/0000-0001-7925-4676; Veneziano, Stefano/0000-0002-2598-2659; Livan, Michele/0000-0002-5877-0062; spagnolo, stefania/0000-0001-7482-6348; Di Domenico, Antonio/0000-0001-8078-2759; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Boyko, Igor/0000-0002-3355-4662; Ciubancan, Liviu Mihai/0000-0003-1837-2841; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Mitsou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-1533-8886; FU ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, Czech Republic; MPO CR, Czech Republic; VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, European Union; ERC, European Union; NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; DFG, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; NSRF, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; MINERVA, Israel; GIF, Israel; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM, Netherlands; NWO, Netherlands; BRF, Norway; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; NCN, Poland; GRICES, Portugal; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia, Russian Federation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America FX We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 8 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 IS 7 AR 162 DI 10.1007/JHEP07(2015)162 PG 44 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CO1PY UT WOS:000358928700001 ER PT J AU Aad, G Abbott, B Abdallah, J Khalek, SA Abdinov, O Aben, R Abi, B Abolins, M AbouZeid, OS Abramowicz, H Abreu, H Abreu, R Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Adamczyk, L Adams, DL Adelman, J Adomeit, S Adye, T Agatonovic-Jovin, T Aguilar-Saavedra, JA Agustoni, M Ahlen, SP Ahmadov, F Aielli, G Akerstedt, H Akesson, TPA Akimoto, G Akimov, AV Alberghi, GL Albert, J Albrand, S Verzini, MJA Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexander, G Alexandre, G Alexopoulos, T Alhroob, M Alimonti, G Alio, L Alison, J Allbrooke, BMM Allison, LJ Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Altheimer, A Gonzalez, BA Alviggi, MG Amako, K Coutinho, YA Amelung, C Amidei, D Dos Santos, SPA Amorim, A Amoroso, S Amram, N Amundsen, G Anastopoulos, C Ancu, LS Andari, N Andeen, T Anders, CF Anders, G Anderson, KJ Andreazza, A Andrei, V Anduaga, XS Angelidakis, S 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Blanchard, JB Blanco, JE Blazek, T Bloch, I Blocker, C Blum, W Blumenschein, U Bobbink, GJ Bobrovnikov, VS Bocchetta, SS Bocci, A Bock, C Boehler, M Bogaerts, JA Bogdanchikov, AG Bohm, C Boisvert, V Bold, T Boldea, V Boldyrev, AS Bomben, M Bona, M Boonekamp, M Borisov, A Borissov, G Borroni, S Bortfeldt, J Bortolotto, V Bos, K Boscherini, D Bosman, M Boudreau, J Bouffard, J Bouhova-Thacker, EV Boumediene, D Bourdarios, C Bousson, N Boutouil, S Boveia, A Boyd, J Boyko, IR Bozic, I Bracinik, J Brandt, A Brandt, G Brandt, O Bratzler, U Brau, B Brau, JE Braun, HM Brazzale, SF Brendlinger, K Brennan, AJ Brenner, L Brenner, R Bressler, S Bristow, K Bristow, TM Britton, D Britzger, D Brochu, FM Brock, I Brock, R Bronner, J Brooijmans, G Brooks, T Brooks, WK Brosamer, J Brost, E Brown, J de Renstrom, PAB Bruncko, D Bruneliere, R Bruni, A Bruni, G Bruschi, M Bryngemark, L Buanes, T Buat, Q Bucci, F Buchholz, P Buckley, AG Buda, SI Budagov, IA Buehrer, F Bugge, L Bugge, MK Bulekov, O Burckhart, 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Zoccoli, A. zur Nedden, M. Zurzolo, G. Zwalinski, L. CA ATLAS Collaboration TI A search for high-mass resonances decaying to tau(+)tau(-) in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hadron-Hadron Scattering ID PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; MONTE-CARLO; LHC; SPIN; PHENOMENOLOGY; TAUSPINNER; PHYSICS; QUARK AB A search for high-mass resonances decaying into tau(+)tau(-) final states using proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5-20.3 fb(-1). No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed; 95% credibility upper limits are set on the cross section times branching fraction of Z' resonances decaying into tau(+)tau(-) pairs as a function of the resonance mass. As a result, Z' bosons of the Sequential Standard Model with masses less than 2.02 TeV are excluded at 95% credibility. The impact of the fermionic couplings on the Z' acceptance is investigated and limits are also placed on a Z' model that exhibits enhanced couplings to third-generation fermions. C1 [Jackson, P.; Lee, L.; Soni, N.; White, M. J.] Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Bouffard, J.; Edson, W.; Ernst, J.; Fischer, A.; Guindon, S.; Jain, V.] SUNY Albany, Dept Phys, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Butt, A. I.; Czodrowski, P.; Dassoulas, J.; Gingrich, D. M.; Jabbar, S.; Karamaoun, A.; Moore, R. W.; Pinfold, J. L.; Saddique, A.; Vaque, F. Vives] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Cakir, O.; Ciftci, A. K.; Yildiz, H. Duran] Ankara Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. [Kuday, S.] Istanbul Aydin Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Sultansoy, S.] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Div Phys, Ankara, Turkey. 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M.; Leyton, M.; Meirose, B.; Namasivayam, H.; Reeves, K.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Phys, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Argyropoulos, S.; Asbah, N.; Bessner, M.; Bloch, I.; Borroni, S.; Britzger, D.; Camarda, S.; Deterre, C.; Filipuzzi, M.; Glazov, A.; Grahn, K-J.; Gregor, I. M.; Grohsjean, A.; Haleem, M.; Hamnett, P. G.; Hengler, C.; Hiller, K. H.; Howarth, J.; Huang, Y.; Katzy, J.; Keller, J. S.; Kondrashova, N.; Kuhl, T.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Lohwasser, K.; Mamuzic, J.; Medinnis, M.; Moenig, K.; Garcia, R. F. Naranjo; Naumann, T.; Peschke, R.; Petit, E.; Radescu, V.; Rubinskiy, I.; Schaefer, R.; Schmitt, S.; Sedov, G.; Shushkevich, S.; South, D.; Stanescu-Bellu, M.; Stanitzki, M. M.; Starovoitov, P.; Styles, N. A.; Tackmann, K.; Wang, J.; Wasicki, C.; Yatsenko, E.; Yildirim, E.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Argyropoulos, S.; Asbah, N.; Bessner, M.; Bloch, I.; Borroni, S.; Britzger, D.; Camarda, S.; Deterre, C.; Filipuzzi, M.; Glazov, A.; Grahn, K-J.; Gregor, I. 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F.; Morgenstern, M.; Novgorodova, O.; Rudolph, C.; Schnoor, U.; Siegert, F.; Socher, F.; Staerz, S.; Straessner, A.; Vest, A.; Wahrmund, S.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Arce, A. T. H.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bocci, A.; Cerio, B. C.; Goshaw, A. T.; Kajomovitz, E.; Kotwal, A.; Kruse, M. C.; Li, L.; Li, S.; Liu, M.; Oh, S. H.; Zhou, C.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Bhimji, W.; Bristow, T. M.; Clark, P. J.; Dias, F. A.; Edwards, N. C.; Gao, Y.; Walls, F. M. Garay; Glaysher, P. C. F.; Harrington, R. D.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Martin, V. J.; Mills, C.; O'Brien, B. J.; Pino, S. A. Olivares; Proissl, M.; Selbach, K. E.; Smart, B. H.; Washbrook, A.; Wynne, B. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Antonelli, M.; Beretta, M.; Bilokon, H.; Chiarella, V.; Curatolo, M.; Di Nardo, R.; Esposito, B.; Gatti, C.; Giromini, P.; Kiss, F.; Laurelli, P.; Maccarrone, G.; Mancini, G.; Sansoni, A.; Testa, M.; Vilucchi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Amoroso, S.; Arnold, H.; Betancourt, C.; Boehler, M.; Bruneliere, R.; Buehrer, F.; Buescher, D.; Coniavitis, E.; Consorti, V.; Dao, V.; Di Simone, A.; Flechl, M.; Giuliani, C.; Herten, G.; Jakobs, K.; Javurek, T.; Jenni, P.; Koeneke, K.; Kopp, A. K.; Kuehn, S.; Lai, S.; Landgraf, U.; Mahboubi, K.; Mohr, W.; Pagacova, M.; Parzefall, U.; Rave, T. C.; Ronzani, M.; Rosbach, K.; Ruehr, F.; Rurikova, Z.; Ruthmann, N.; Schillo, C.; Schmidt, E.; Schumacher, M.; Sommer, P.; Sundermann, J. E.; Temming, K. K.; Tsiskaridze, V.; Ungaro, F. C.; von Radziewski, H.; Warsinsky, M.; Weiser, C.; Werner, M.; Zimmermann, S.] Univ Freiburg, Fak Math & Phys, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. [Alexandre, G.; Ancu, L. S.; Barone, G.; Bell, P. J.; Bell, W. H.; Noccioli, E. Benhar; De Mendizabal, J. Bilbao; Bucci, F.; Toro, R. Camacho; Clark, A.; Delitzsch, C. M.; della Volpe, D.; Doglioni, C.; Ferrere, D.; Gadomski, S.; Golling, T.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Gramling, J.; Guescini, F.; Iacobucci, G.; Katre, A.; La Rosa, A.; Mermod, P.; Miucci, A.; Muenstermann, D.; Picazio, A.; Tykhonov, A.; Vallecorsa, S.; Wu, X.] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, Geneva, Switzerland. [Barberis, D.; Darbo, G.; Favareto, A.; Parodi, A. Ferretto; Gagliardi, G.; Gemme, C.; Guido, E.; Morettini, P.; Osculati, B.; Parodi, F.; Passaggio, S.; Rossi, L. P.; Schiavi, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Genova, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Barberis, D.; Favareto, A.; Parodi, A. Ferretto; Gagliardi, G.; Guido, E.; Osculati, B.; Parodi, F.; Schiavi, C.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. [Jejelava, J.; Tskhadadze, E. G.] Iv Javakhishvili Tbilisi State Univ, E Andronikashvili Inst Phys, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Djobavab, T.; Durglishvili, A.; Khubua, J.; Mosidze, M.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Univ Giessen, Inst Phys 2, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Bates, R. L.; Britton, D.; Buckley, A. G.; Bussey, P.; Buttar, C. M.; Buzatu, A.; Cinca, D.; D'Auria, S.; Doyle, A. T.; Ferrag, S.; Ferrando, J.; de Lima, D. E. Ferreira; Gul, U.; Ortiz, N. G. Gutierrez; Kar, D.; Knue, A.; Morton, A.; Mullen, P.; O'Shea, V.; Barrera, C. Oropeza; Owen, M.; Pollard, C. S.; Qin, G.; Quilty, D.; Ravenscroft, T.; Robson, A.; Denis, R. D. St.; Stewart, G. A.; Thompson, A. S.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Bindi, M.; Blumenschein, U.; Drechsler, E.; George, M.; Graber, L.; Grosse-Knetter, J.; Hamer, M.; Kareem, M. J.; Kawamura, G.; Keil, M.; Lemmer, B.; Magradze, E.; Mantoani, M.; Mchedlidze, G.; Llacer, M. Moreno; Musheghyan, H.; Nackenhorst, O.; Nadal, J.; Quadt, A.; Rieger, J.; Schorlemmer, A. L. S.; Serkin, L.; Shabalina, E.; Stolte, P.; Schroeder, T. Vazquez; Weingarten, J.; Zinonos, Z.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 2, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. [Albrand, S.; Brown, J.; Collot, J.; Crepe-Renaudin, S.; Delsart, P. A.; Gabaldon, C.; Genest, M. H.; Hostachy, J-Y.; Ledroit-Guillon, F.; Lleres, A.; Lucotte, A.; Malek, F.; Monini, C.; Stark, J.; Trocme, B.; Wu, M.] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, Grenoble, France. [McFarlane, K. W.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimaraes; Catastini, P.; Franklin, M.; Huth, J.; Ippolito, V.; Mateos, D. Lopez; Mercurio, K. M.; Morii, M.; Skottowe, H. P.; Spearman, W. R.; Sun, S.; Tolley, E.; Yen, A. L.] Harvard Univ, Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Andrei, V.; Baas, A. E.; Brandt, O.; Davygoraa, Y.; Djuvsland, J. I.; Dunford, M.; Hanke, P.; Jongmanns, J.; Kluge, E. -E.; Lang, V. S.; Meier, K.; Scharf, V.; Schultz-Coulon, H. -C.; Stamen, R.; Wessels, M.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Anders, C. F.; Giulini, M.; Narayan, R.; Schaetzel, S.; Schmitt, S.; Schoening, A.; Sosa, D.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Colombo, T.; Kretz, M.; Kugel, A.] Heidelberg Univ, ZITI Inst Tech Informat, Mannheim, Germany. [Nagasaka, Y.] Hiroshima Inst Technol, Fac Appl Informat Sci, Hiroshima, Japan. [Bortolotto, V.; Castillo, L. R. Flores] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Bortolotto, V.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Bortolotto, V.; Prokofiev, K.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Choi, K.; Dattagupta, A.; Evans, H.; Gagnon, P.; Lammers, S.; Martinez, N. Lorenzo; Luehring, F.; Ogren, H.; Penwell, J.; Weinert, B.; Zieminska, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Jansky, R. W.; Jussel, P.; Kneringer, E.; Lukas, W.; Ritsch, E.; Usanova, A.] Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria. [Mallik, U.; Mandrysch, R.; Zaidan, R.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Chen, C.; Cochran, J.; De Lorenzi, F.; Krumnack, N.; Pluth, D.; Prell, S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA USA. [Ahmadov, F.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Boyko, I. R.; Budagov, I. A.; Chelkov, G. A.; Cheplakov, A.; Chizhov, M. V.; Dedovich, D. V.; Demichev, M.; Gostkin, M. I.; Huseynov, N.; Javadov, N.; Karpov, S. N.; Kazarinov, M. Y.; Khramov, E.; Kotov, V. M.; Kruchonak, U.; Kukhtin, V.; Ladygin, E.; Minashvili, I. A.; Mineev, M.; Peshekhonov, V. D.; Plotnikova, E.; Potrap, I. N.; Pozdnyakov, V.; Rusakovich, N. A.; Sadykov, R.; Sapronov, A.; Shiyakova, M.; Sisakyan, A. N.; Soloshenko, A.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Yeletskikh, I.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zimine, N. I.] JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia. [Amako, K.; Aoki, M.; Arai, Y.; Ikegami, Y.; Ikeno, M.; Iwasaki, H.; Kanzaki, J.; Kohriki, T.; Kondo, T.; Kono, T.; Makida, Y.; Nagano, K.; Nakamura, K.; Nozaki, M.; Odaka, S.; Sasaki, O.; Suzuki, Y.; Takubo, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Terada, S.; Tokushuku, K.; Tsuno, S.; Unno, Y.; Yamada, M.; Yamamoto, A.; Yasu, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Chen, Y.; Hasegawa, M.; Inamaru, Y.; Kishimoto, T.; Kurashige, H.; Kurumida, R.; Ochi, A.; Shimizu, S.; Takeda, H.; Yakabe, R.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yuan, L.] Kobe Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 657, Japan. [Ishino, M.; Kunigo, T.; Sumida, T.; Tashiro, T.] Kyoto Univ, Fac Sci, Kyoto, Japan. [Takashima, R.] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto 612, Japan. [Kawagoe, K.; Oda, S.; Otono, H.; Tojo, J.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Phys, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Alonso, F.; Anduaga, X. S.; Arduh, F. A.; Dova, M. T.; Monticelli, F.; Wahlberg, H.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Inst Fis La Plata, La Plata, Argentina. [Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Alonso, F.; Anduaga, X. S.; Arduh, F. A.; Dova, M. T.; Monticelli, F.; Wahlberg, H.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Argentina. [Allison, L. J.; Barton, A. E.; Beattie, M. D.; Borissov, G.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Chilingarov, A.; Dearnaley, W. J.; Fox, H.; Grimm, K.; Henderson, R. C. W.; Hughes, G.; Jones, R. W. L.; Kartvelishvili, V.; Long, R. E.; Love, P. A.; Maddocks, H. J.; Skinner, M. B.; Smizanska, M.; Walder, J.; Wharton, A. M.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. [Chiodini, G.; Gorini, E.; Primavera, M.; Spagnolo, S.; Ventura, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Gorini, E.; Spagnolo, S.; Ventura, A.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Allport, P. P.; Burdin, S.; D'Onofrio, M.; Dervan, P.; Gwilliam, C. B.; Hayward, H. S.; Jackson, M.; Jones, T. J.; King, B. T.; Klein, M.; Klein, U.; Kretzschmar, J.; Laycock, P.; Lehan, A.; Mahmoud, S.; Maxfield, S. J.; Mehta, A.; Price, J.; Readioff, N. P.; Schnellbach, Y. J.; Vossebeld, J. H.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Cindro, V.; Deliyergiyev, M.; Filipccic, A.; Gorisek, A.; Kersevan, B. P.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mikuz, M.; Sfiligoj, T.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Phys, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Cindro, V.; Deliyergiyev, M.; Filipccic, A.; Gorisek, A.; Kersevan, B. P.; Kramberger, G.; Mandic, I.; Mikuz, M.; Sfiligoj, T.] Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Alpigiani, C.; Bevan, A. J.; Bona, M.; Bret, M. Cano; Cerrito, L.; Fletcher, G.; Goddard, J. R.; Hays, J. M.; Hickling, R.; Landon, M. P. J.; Lloyd, S. L.; Morris, J. D.; Nooney, T.; Piccaro, E.; Rizvi, E.; Sandbach, R. L.; Snidero, G.; Castanheira, M. Teixeira Dias] Queen Mary Univ London, Sch Phys & Astron, London, England. [Berry, T.; Blanco, J. E.; Boisvert, V.; Brooks, T.; Connelly, I. A.; Cowan, G.; Duguid, L.; George, S.; Gibson, S. M.; Kempster, J. J.; Vazquez, J. G. 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E.; Pires, S.; Ridel, M.; Roos, L.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Vannucci, F.; Varouchas, D.] UPMC, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, Paris, France. [Beau, T.; Bomben, M.; Calderini, G.; Crescioli, F.; De Cecco, S.; Demilly, A.; Derue, F.; Francavilla, P.; Krasny, M. W.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Laplace, S.; Le Dortz, O.; Lefebvre, G.; Malaescu, B.; Marchiori, G.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Ocariz, J.; Pandini, C. E.; Pires, S.; Ridel, M.; Roos, L.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Vannucci, F.; Varouchas, D.] Univ Paris Diderot, Paris, France. [Beau, T.; Bomben, M.; Calderini, G.; Crescioli, F.; De Cecco, S.; Demilly, A.; Derue, F.; Francavilla, P.; Krasny, M. W.; Lacour, D.; Laforge, B.; Laplace, S.; Le Dortz, O.; Lefebvre, G.; Malaescu, B.; Marchiori, G.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Ocariz, J.; Pandini, C. E.; Pires, S.; Ridel, M.; Roos, L.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Vannucci, F.; Varouchas, D.] CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France. [Akesson, T. P. A.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bryngemark, L.; Floderus, A.; Hawkins, A. D.; Hedberg, V.; Ivarsson, J.; Jarlskog, G.; Lytken, E.; Mjornmark, J. U.; Smirnova, O.; Viazlo, O.] Lund Univ, Inst Fys, Lund, Sweden. [Arnal, V.; Barreiro, F.; Cantero, J.; De la Torre, H.; Del Peso, J.; Glasman, C.; Llorente Merino, J.; Terron, J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor C 15, Madrid, Spain. [Bertella, C.; Blum, W.; Buescher, V.; Caputo, R.; Caudron, J.; Ellinghaus, F.; Endner, O. C.; Ertel, E.; Fiedler, F.; Torregrosa, E. Fullana; Heck, T.; Hohlfeld, M.; Huelsing, T. A.; Karnevskiy, M.; Kleinknecht, K.; Koenig, S.; Koepke, L.; Lin, T. H.; Lungwitz, M.; Masetti, L.; Mattmann, J.; Meyer, C.; Moritz, S.; Poettgen, R.; Rave, S.; Sander, H. G.; Schaeffer, J.; Schaefer, U.; Schmitt, C.; Schott, M.; Schroeder, C.; Schuh, N.; Simioni, E.; Tapprogge, S.; Urrejola, P.; Wollstadt, S. J.; Zimmermann, C.; Zinser, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Balli, F.; Barnes, S. L.; Cox, B. E.; Da Via, C.; Forti, A.; Ponce, J. M. Iturbe; Joshi, K. D.; Keoshkerian, H.; Klinger, J. A.; Loebinger, F. K.; Marsden, S. P.; Masik, J.; Neep, T. J.; Oh, A.; Ospanov, R.; Pater, J. R.; Peters, R. F. Y.; Price, D.; Qin, Y.; Queitsch-Maitland, M.; Robinson, J. E. M.; Schwanenberger, C.; Thompson, R. J.; Tomlinson, L.; Watts, S.; Webb, S.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wyatt, T. R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Aad, G.; Alio, L.; Barbero, M.; Coadou, Y.; Diaconu, C.; Diglio, S.; Djama, F.; Ducu, O. A.; Feligioni, L.; Gao, J.; Hallewell, G. D.; Hubaut, F.; Kahn, S. J.; Knoops, E. B. F. G.; Le Guirriec, E.; Li, B.; Liu, J.; Madaffari, D.; Mochizuki, K.; Monnier, E.; Muanza, S.; Nagai, Y.; Nagy, E.; Pralavorio, P.; Rozanov, A.; Serre, T.; Talby, M.; Torres, R. E. Ticse; Tiouchichine, E.; Tisserant, S.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Vacavant, L.] Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, Marseille, France. [Bellomo, M.; Bernard, N. R.; Brau, B.; Dallapiccola, C.; Daya-Ishmukhametova, R. K.; Moyse, E. J. W.; Pais, P.; Pueschel, E.; Ventura, D.; Willocq, S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Belanger-Champagne, C.; Chapleau, B.; Corriveau, F.; Keyes, R. A.; Mantifel, R.; Prince, S.; Robertson, S. H.; Robichaud-Veronneau, A.; Stockton, M. C.; Stoebe, M.; Vachon, B.; Wang, K.; Warburton, A.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Barberio, E. L.; Brennan, A. J.; Jennens, D.; Kubota, T.; Milesi, M.; Hanninger, G. Nunes; Nuti, F.; Rados, P.; Spiller, L. A.; Tan, K. G.; Taylor, G. N.; Urquijo, P.; Volpi, M.; Zanzi, D.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Amidei, D.; Chelstowska, M. A.; Cheng, H. C.; Dai, T.; Diehl, E. B.; Feng, H.; Ferretti, C.; Fleischmann, P.; Goldfarb, S.; Hu, X.; Levin, D.; Liu, L.; Long, J. D.; Lu, N.; Mc Kee, S. P.; McCarn, A.; Neal, H. A.; Qian, J.; Schwarz, T. A.; Searcy, J.; Thun, R. P.; Wilson, A.; Wu, Y.; Yu, J. M.; Zhang, D.; Zhou, B.; Zhu, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Gonzalez, B. Alvarez; Arabidze, G.; Brock, R.; Chegwidden, A.; Fisher, W. C.; Halladjian, G.; Hauser, R.; Hayden, D.; Huston, J.; Linnemann, J. T.; Martin, B.; Pope, B. G.; Schoenrock, B. D.; Schwienhorst, R.; Ta, D.; Tollefson, K.; True, P.; Willis, C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Alimonti, G.; Andreazza, A.; Besana, M. I.; Carminati, L.; Cavalli, D.; Consonni, S. M.; Fanti, M.; Giugni, D.; Lari, T.; Mandelli, L.; Mazza, S. M.; Meroni, C.; Perini, L.; Pizio, C.; Ragusa, F.; Resconi, S.; Shojaii, S.; Simoniello, R.; Tartarelli, G. F.; Troncon, C.; Turra, R.; Perez, M. Villaplana] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Andreazza, A.; Carminati, L.; Consonni, S. M.; Fanti, M.; Mazza, S. M.; Perini, L.; Pizio, C.; Ragusa, F.; Shojaii, S.; Simoniello, R.; Turra, R.; Perez, M. Villaplana] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Harkusha, S.; Kulchitsky, Y.; Kurochkin, Y. A.; Tsiareshka, P. V.] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, BI Stepanov Inst Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Hrynevich, A.; Yanush, S.] Natl Sci & Educ Ctr Particle & High Energy Phys, Minsk, Byelarus. [Taylor, F. E.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Arguin, J-F.; Azuelos, G.; Dallaire, F.; Gauthier, L.; Leroy, C.; Rezvani, R.; Saadi, D. Shoaleh; Soueid, P.] Univ Montreal, Grp Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Akimov, A. V.; Baranov, S. P.; Gavrilenko, I. L.; Komar, A. A.; Mashinistov, R.; Mouraviev, S. V.; Nechaeva, P. Yu.; Shmeleva, A.; Snesarev, A. A.; Sulin, V. V.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Zhukov, K.] Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Inst Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Artamonov, A.; Gorbounov, P. A.; Khovanskiy, V.; Shatalov, P. B.; Tsukerman, I.] ITEP, Moscow, Russia. [Antonov, A.; Belotskiy, K.; Bulekov, O.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Kantserov, V. A.; Khodinov, A.; Krasnopevtsev, D.; Romaniouk, A.; Shulga, E.; Smirnov, S. Yu.; Smirnov, Y.; Soldatov, E. Yu.; Timoshenko, S.; Vorobev, K.] Natl Res Nucl Univ MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. [Boldyrev, A. S.; Gladilin, L. K.; Grishkevich, Y. V.; Kramarenko, V. A.; Maevskiy, A.; Rud, V. I.; Sivoklokov, S. Yu.; Smirnova, L. N.; Turchikhin, S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, DV Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Adomeit, S.; Becker, S.; Bender, M.; Biebel, O.; Bock, C.; Bortfeldt, J.; Calfayan, P.; Chow, B. K. B.; Duckeck, G.; Elmsheuser, J.; Hertenberger, R.; Hoenig, F.; Legger, F.; Lorenz, J.; Loesel, P. J.; Maier, T.; Mann, A.; Mehlhase, S.; Meineck, C.; Mitrevski, J.; Mueller, R. S. P.; Nunnemann, T.; Rauscher, F.; Ruschke, A.; Sanders, M. P.; Schaile, D.; Unverdorben, C.; Vladoiu, D.; Walker, R.; Wittkowski, J.] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, Munich, Germany. [Bethke, S.; Bronner, J.; Compostella, G.; Cortiana, G.; Ecker, K. M.; Flowerdew, M. J.; Goblirsch-Kolb, M.; Kiryunin, A. E.; Kluth, S.; Kortner, O.; Kortner, S.; Kroha, H.; Macchiolo, A.; Maier, A. A.; Manfredini, A.; Menke, S.; Moser, H. G.; Mueller, F.; Nagel, M.; Nisius, R.; Nowak, S.; Oberlack, H.; Pahl, C.; Richter, R.; Salihagic, D.; Sandstroem, R.; Schacht, P.; Schwegler, Ph.; Sforza, F.; Spettel, F.; Stern, S.; Stonjek, S.; von der Schmitt, H.; Wildauer, A.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Shimojima, M.] Nagasaki Inst Appl Sci, Nagasaki, Japan. [Hasegawa, S.; Horii, Y.; Morvaj, L.; Tomoto, M.; Wakabayashi, J.; Yamauchi, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Hasegawa, S.; Horii, Y.; Morvaj, L.; Tomoto, M.; Wakabayashi, J.; Yamauchi, K.] Nagoya Univ, Kobayashi Maskawa Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Aloisio, A.; Alviggi, M. G.; Canale, V.; Carlino, G.; Conventi, F.; de Asmundisa, R.; Della Pietra, M.; Di Donato, C.; Doria, A.; Iengo, P.; Izzo, V.; Merola, L.; Perrella, S.; Rossi, E.; Sanchez, A.; Sekhniaidze, G.; Zurzolo, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezi Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Aloisio, A.; Alviggi, M. G.; Canale, V.; Di Donato, C.; Merola, L.; Perrella, S.; Rossi, E.; Sanchez, A.; Zurzolo, G.] Univ Naples Federico II, Dipartimento Fis, Naples, Italy. [Gorelov, I.; Hoeferkamp, M. R.; Seidel, S. C.; Toms, K.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Besjes, G. J.; Caron, S.; Croft, V.; De Groot, N.; Filthaut, F.; Galea, C.; Klok, P. F.; Konig, A. C.; Nektarijevic, S.; Salvucci, A.; Strubig, A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nikhef, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Aben, R.; Angelozzi, I.; Beemster, L. J.; Bentvelsen, S.; Berge, D.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bos, K.; Brenner, L.; Butti, P.; Castelli, A.; Colijn, A. P.; de Jong, P.; De Nooij, L.; Deigaard, I.; Deluca, C.; Dhaliwal, S.; Ferrari, P.; Gadatsch, S.; Geerts, D. A. A.; Hartjes, F.; Hessey, N. P.; Hod, N.; Igonkina, O.; Karastathis, N.; Kluit, P.; Koffeman, E.; Linde, F.; Mahlstedt, J.; Meyer, J.; Oussoren, K. P.; Sabato, G.; Salek, D.; Slawinska, M.; Valencic, N.; Van den Wollenberg, W.; Van der Deijl, P. C.; van der Geer, R.; van der Graaf, H.; Van der Leeuw, R.; van Vulpen, I.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vreeswijk, M.; Weits, H.; Williams, S.] Nikhef Natl Inst Subatom Phys, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Aben, R.; Angelozzi, I.; Beemster, L. J.; Bentvelsen, S.; Berge, D.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bos, K.; Brenner, L.; Butti, P.; Castelli, A.; Colijn, A. P.; de Jong, P.; De Nooij, L.; Deigaard, I.; Deluca, C.; Dhaliwal, S.; Ferrari, P.; Gadatsch, S.; Geerts, D. A. A.; Hartjes, F.; Hessey, N. P.; Hod, N.; Igonkina, O.; Karastathis, N.; Kluit, P.; Koffeman, E.; Linde, F.; Mahlstedt, J.; Meyer, J.; Oussoren, K. P.; Sabato, G.; Salek, D.; Slawinska, M.; Valencic, N.; Van den Wollenberg, W.; Van der Deijl, P. C.; van der Geer, R.; van der Graaf, H.; Van der Leeuw, R.; van Vulpen, I.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vreeswijk, M.; Weits, H.; Williams, S.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Adelman, J.; Burghgrave, B.; Chakraborty, D.; Cole, S.; Suhr, C.; Yurkewicz, A.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL USA. [Anisenkov, A. V.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Kazanin, V. F.; Kharlamov, A.; Korol, A. A.; Malyshev, V. M.; Maslennikov, A. L.; Maximov, D. A.; Peleganchuk, S. V.; Rezanova, O. L.; Soukharev, A. M.; Talyshev, A. A.; Tikhonov, Yu. A.] RAS, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, SB, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Bernius, C.; Cranmer, K.; Haas, A.; Heinrich, L.; van Huysduynen, L. Hooft; Kaplan, B.; Karthik, K.; Konoplich, R.; Kreiss, S.; Mincer, A. I.; Nemethy, P.; Neves, R. M.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Beacham, J. B.; Gan, K. K.; Ishmukhametov, R.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R. D.; Looper, K. A.; Merritt, H.; Moss, J.; Pignotti, D. T.; Shrestha, S.; Tannenwald, B. B.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Nakano, I.] Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Okayama 700, Japan. [Abbott, B.; Alhroob, M.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Gutierrez, P.; Hasib, A.; Norberg, S.; Pearson, B.; Saleem, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Abi, B.; Bousson, N.; Fulsom, B. G.; Gao, Y. S.; Haley, J.; Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.; Sidorov, D.; Yu, J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Phys, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Chytka, L.; Hamal, P.; Hrabovsky, M.; Kvita, J.; Nozka, L.] Palacky Univ, RCPTM, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Brau, J. E.; Brost, E.; Hopkins, W. H.; Majewski, S.; Potter, C. T.; Ptacek, E.; Radloff, P.; Shamim, M.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D. M.; Torrence, E.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Winklmeier, F.] Univ Oregon, Ctr High Energy Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Khalek, S. Abdel; Ayoub, M. K.; Bassalat, A.; Becot, C.; Binet, S.; Bourdarios, C.; Charfeddine, D.; De Regie, J. B. De Vivie; Delgove, D.; Duflot, L.; Escalier, M.; Fayard, L.; Fournier, D.; Gkougkousis, E. L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Guillemin, T.; Hariri, F.; Henrot-Versille, S.; Hrivnac, J.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Kado, M.; Lounis, A.; Makovec, N.; Morange, N.; Nellist, C.; Poggioli, L.; Puzo, P.; Renaud, A.; Rousseau, D.; Rybkin, G.; Schaffer, A. C.; Scifo, E.; Serin, L.; Simion, S.; Tanaka, R.; Tran, H. L.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Y.] Univ Paris 11, LAL, Orsay, France. [Khalek, S. Abdel; Ayoub, M. K.; Bassalat, A.; Becot, C.; Binet, S.; Bourdarios, C.; Charfeddine, D.; De Regie, J. B. De Vivie; Delgove, D.; Duflot, L.; Escalier, M.; Fayard, L.; Fournier, D.; Gkougkousis, E. L.; Grivaz, J. -F.; Guillemin, T.; Hariri, F.; Henrot-Versille, S.; Hrivnac, J.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Kado, M.; Lounis, A.; Makovec, N.; Morange, N.; Nellist, C.; Poggioli, L.; Puzo, P.; Renaud, A.; Rousseau, D.; Rybkin, G.; Schaffer, A. C.; Scifo, E.; Serin, L.; Simion, S.; Tanaka, R.; Tran, H. L.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Y.] IN2P3, CNRS, Orsay, France. [Endo, M.; Hanagaki, K.; Nomachi, M.; Okamura, W.; Sugaya, Y.; Teoh, J. J.; Yamaguchi, Y.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka, Japan. [Bugge, L.; Bugge, M. K.; Cameron, D.; Catmore, J. R.; Franconi, L.; Gjelsten, B. K.; Gramstad, E.; Moreno, D.; Morisbak, V.; Nilsen, J. K.; Ould-Saada, F.; Pajchel, K.; Pedersen, M.; Read, A. L.; Rohne, O.; Stapnes, S.; Strandlie, A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Barr, A. J.; Becker, K.; Behr, K.; Beresford, L.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Ortuzar, M. Crispin; Dafinca, A.; Davies, E.; Frost, J. A.; Gallas, E. J.; Gupta, S.; Gwenlan, C.; Hall, D.; Hays, C. P.; Henderson, J.; Howard, J.; Huffman, T. B.; Issever, C.; Kalderon, C. W.; King, R. S. B.; Kogan, L. A.; Lewis, A.; Nagai, K.; Nickerson, R. B.; Pachal, K.; Pickering, M. A.; Ryder, N. C.; Sawyer, C.; Tseng, J. C-L.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Weidberg, A. R.; Zhong, J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Conta, C.; Dondero, P.; Ferrari, R.; Fraternali, M.; Gaudio, G.; Livan, M.; Negri, A.; Polesello, G.; Rebuzzi, D. M.; Rimoldi, A.; Vercesi, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Conta, C.; Dondero, P.; Fraternali, M.; Livan, M.; Negri, A.; Rebuzzi, D. M.; Rimoldi, A.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Brendlinger, K.; Heim, S.; Hines, E.; Hong, T. M.; Jackson, B.; Kroll, J.; Lipeles, E.; Machado Miguens, J.; Meyer, C.; Stahlman, J.; Thomson, E.; Tuna, A. N.; Vanguri, R.; Williams, H. H.; Yoshihara, K.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ezhilov, A.; Fedin, O. L.; Gratchev, V.; Levchenko, M.; Maleev, V. P.; Ryabov, Y. F.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Sedykh, E.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Solovyev, V.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Annovi, A.; Beccherle, R.; Bertolucci, F.; Cavasinni, V.; Del Prete, T.; Dell'Orso, M.; Donati, S.; Giannetti, P.; Leone, S.; Roda, C.; Scuri, F.; Volpi, G.; White, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Annovi, A.; Beccherle, R.; Bertolucci, F.; Cavasinni, V.; Del Prete, T.; Dell'Orso, M.; Donati, S.; Giannetti, P.; Leone, S.; Roda, C.; Scuri, F.; Volpi, G.; White, S.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, Pisa, Italy. [Bianchi, R. M.; Boudreau, J.; Cleland, W.; Escobar, C.; Mueller, J.; Sapp, K.; Su, J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amorim, A.; Araque, J. P.; Cantrill, R.; Carvalho, J.; Castro, N. F.; Conde Muino, P.; Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J.; Fiolhais, M. C. N.; Galhardo, B.; Gomes, A.; Goncalo, R.; Jorge, P. M.; Lopes, L.; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Onofre, A.; Palma, A.; Pedro, R.; Pina, J.; Pinto, B.; Santos, H.; Saraiva, J. G.; Silva, J.; Tavares Delgado, A.; Veloso, F.; Wolters, H.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas LIP, Lisbon, Portugal. [Amorim, A.; Conde Muino, P.; Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J.; Gomes, A.; Jorge, P. M.; Machado Miguens, J.; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Palma, A.; Pedro, R.; Pina, J.; Silva, J.; Tavares Delgado, A.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Lisbon, Portugal. [Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Carvalho, J.; Fiolhais, M. C. N.; Galhardo, B.; Veloso, F.; Wolters, H.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, Coimbra, Portugal. [Gomes, A.; Maio, A.; Pina, J.; Saraiva, J. G.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Onofre, A.] Univ Minho, Dept Fis, Braga, Portugal. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, Granada, Spain. [Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.] Univ Granada, CAFPE, Granada, Spain. Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Fis, Caparica, Portugal. Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, CEFITEC, Caparica, Portugal. [Chudoba, J.; Havranek, M.; Hejbal, J.; Jakoubek, T.; Kepka, O.; Kupco, A.; Kus, V.; Lokajicek, M.; Lysak, R.; Marcisovsky, M.; Mikestikova, M.; Nemecek, S.; Sicho, P.; Staroba, P.; Svatos, M.; Tasevsky, M.; Vrba, V.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Augsten, K.; Caforio, D.; Gallus, P.; Guenther, J.; Jakubek, J.; Kohout, Z.; Myska, M.; Pospisil, S.; Seifert, F.; Simak, V.; Slavicek, T.; Smolek, K.; Solar, M.; Solc, J.; Sopczak, A.; Sopko, B.; Sopko, V.; Suk, M.; Turecek, D.; Vacek, V.; Vlasak, M.; Vykydal, Z.; Zeman, M.] Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. [Balek, P.; Berta, P.; Cerny, K.; Chalupkova, I.; Davidek, T.; Dolejsi, J.; Dolezal, Z.; Faltova, J.; Kodys, P.; Kosek, T.; Leitner, R.; Pleskot, V.; Reznicek, P.; Rybar, M.; Scheirich, D.; Spousta, M.; Sykora, T.; Tas, P.; Todorova-Nova, S.; Valkar, S.; Vokac, P.; Vorobel, V.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Borisov, A.; Cheremushkina, E.; Denisov, S. P.; Fakhrutdinov, R. M.; Fenyuk, A. B.; Golubkov, D.; Kamenshchikov, A.; Karyukhin, A. N.; Kozhin, A. S.; Minaenko, A. A.; Myagkov, A. G.; Nikolaenko, V.; Solodkov, A. A.; Solovyanov, O. V.; Starchenko, E. A.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zenin, O.] State Res Ctr Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Adye, T.; Baines, J. T.; Barnett, B. M.; Burke, S.; Dewhurst, A.; Dopke, J.; Emeliyanov, D.; Gallop, B. J.; Gee, C. N. P.; Haywood, S. J.; Kirk, J.; Martin-Haugh, S.; McCubbin, N. A.; McMahon, S. J.; Middleton, R. P.; Murray, W. J.; Phillips, P. W.; Sankey, D. P. C.; Tyndel, M.; Wickens, F. J.; Wielers, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Particle Phys Dept, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Tanaka, S.] Ritsumeikan Univ, Shiga, Japan. [Anulli, F.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bauce, M.; Bini, C.; Ciapetti, G.; De Pedis, D.; De Salvo, A.; Di Domenico, A.; Falciano, S.; Gabrielli, A.; Gauzzi, P.; Gentile, S.; Giagu, S.; Kuna, M.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Luminari, L.; Marzano, F.; Messina, A.; Mirabelli, G.; Monzani, S.; Nisati, A.; Pasqualucci, E.; Petrolo, E.; Pontecorvo, L.; Rescigno, M.; Rosati, S.; Tehrania, F. Safai; Vanadia, M.; Vari, R.; Veneziano, S.; Verducci, M.; Zanello, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. [Aloisio, A.; Bacci, C.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bauce, M.; Bini, C.; Ciapetti, G.; Di Domenico, A.; Gabrielli, A.; Kuna, M.; Lacava, F.; Luci, C.; Messina, A.; Vanadia, M.; Verducci, M.; Zanello, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Cardarelli, R.; Cattani, G.; Di Ciaccio, A.; Grossi, G. C.; Iuppa, R.; Liberti, B.; Mazzaferro, L.; Paolozzi, L.; Santonico, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. [Aielli, G.; Cattani, G.; Di Ciaccio, A.; Grossi, G. C.; Iuppa, R.; Mazzaferro, L.; Paolozzi, L.; Santonico, R.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00173 Rome, Italy. [Bacci, C.; Baroncelli, A.; Biglietti, M.; Ceradini, F.; Di Micco, B.; Farilla, A.; Graziani, E.; Iodice, M.; Orestano, D.; Pastore, F.; Petrucci, F.; Puddu, D.; Salamanna, G.; Stanescu, C.; Taccini, C.; Trovatelli, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. [Ceradini, F.; Di Micco, B.; Orestano, D.; Pastore, F.; Petrucci, F.; Puddu, D.; Salamanna, G.; Taccini, C.; Trovatelli, M.] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, Rome, Italy. [Benchekroun, D.; Chafaq, A.; Gouighri, M.; Hoummada, A.] Univ Hassan 2, Reseau Univ Phys Hautes Energies, Fac Sci Ain Chock, Casablanca, Morocco. [Ghazlane, H.] Ctr Natl Energie Sci Tech Nucl, Rabat, Morocco. [El Kacimi, M.; Goujdami, D.] Univ Cadi Ayyad, Fac Sci Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco. [Boutouil, S.; Derkaoui, J. E.; Ouchrif, M.; Tayalati, Y.] Univ Mohamed Premier, Fac Sci, Oujda, Morocco. [Boutouil, S.; Derkaoui, J. E.; Ouchrif, M.; Tayalati, Y.] LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco. [Cherkaoui El Moursli, R.; Fassi, F.; Haddad, N.; Idrissi, Z.] Univ Mohammed V Agdal, Fac Sci, Rabat, Morocco. [Bachacou, H.; Bauer, F.; Besson, N.; Blanchard, J. -B.; Boonekamp, M.; Calandri, A.; Chevalier, L.; Hoffmann, M. Dano; Deliot, F.; Etienvre, A. I.; Formica, A.; Giraud, P. F.; Da Costa, J. Goncalves Pinto Firmino; Guyot, C.; Hanna, R.; Hassani, S.; Kozanecki, W.; Lancon, E.; Laporte, J. F.; Maiani, C.; Mansoulie, B.; Martinez, H.; Meric, N.; Meyer, J-P.; Nicolaidou, R.; Ouraou, A.; Protopapadaki, E.; Royon, C. R.; Saimpert, M.; Schoeffel, L.; Schune, Ph.; Schwemling, Ph.; Schwindling, J.] CEA Saclay Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies A, DSM IRFU Inst Rech Lois Fondamentales Univers, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Battaglia, M.; Debenedetti, C.; Grabas, H. M. X.; Grillo, A. A.; Kuhl, A.; Law, A. T.; Liang, Z.; Litke, A. M.; Lockman, W. S.; Manning, P. M.; Nielsen, J.; Reece, R.; Rose, P.; Sadrozinski, H. F-W.; Schumm, B. A.; Seiden, A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Blackburn, D.; Coccaro, A.; Goussiou, A. G.; Hsu, S. -C.; Lubatti, H. J.; Marx, M.; Rompotis, N.; Rosten, R.; Rothberg, J.; Russell, H. L.; De Bruin, P. H. Sales; Watts, G.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Anastopoulos, C.; Costanzo, D.; Donszelmann, T. Cuhadar; Dawson, I.; Fletcher, G. T.; Hodgkinson, M. C.; Hodgson, P.; Johansson, P.; Korolkova, E. V.; Kyriazopoulos, D.; Paredes, B. Lopez; Macdonald, C. M.; Miyagawa, P. S.; Paganis, E.; Parker, K. A.; Tovey, D. R.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Hasegawa, Y.; Takeshita, T.] Shinshu Univ, Dept Phys, Nagano, Japan. [Atlay, N. B.; Buchholz, P.; Czirr, H.; Fleck, I.; Gaur, B.; Ibragimov, I.; Ikematsu, K.; Rosenthal, O.; Walkowiak, W.; Ziolkowski, M.] Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. [Buat, Q.; Dawe, E.; Horton, A. J.; O'Neil, D. C.; Stelzer, B.; Tanasijczuk, A. J.; Torres, H.; Van Nieuwkoop, J.; Vetterli, M. C.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Barklow, T.; Bartoldus, R.; Bawa, H. S.; Black, J. E.; Cogan, J. G.; Garelli, N.; Grenier, P.; Kagan, M.; Kocian, M.; Koi, T.; Malone, C.; Mount, R.; Nef, P. D.; Piacquadio, G.; Rubbo, F.; Salnikov, A.; Schwartzman, A.; Silverstein, D.; Strauss, E.; Su, D.; Swiatlowski, M.; Tompkins, L.; Wittgen, M.; Young, C.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA USA. [Astalos, R.; Bartos, P.; Blazek, T.; Federic, P.; Plazak, L.; Stavina, P.; Sykora, I.; Tokar, S.; Zenis, T.] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Antosb, J.; Bruncko, D.; Kladiva, E.; Strizenec, P.; Urban, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Dept Subnucl Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Hamilton, A.; Meehan, S.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Phys, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Aurousseau, M.; Castaneda-Miranda, E.; Connell, S. H.; Lee, C. A.; Yacoob, S.] Univ Johannesburg, Dept Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Bristow, K.; Hamity, G. N.; Hsu, C.; March, L.; Garcia, B. R. Mellado; Ruan, X.; Vickey, T.; Boeriu, O. E. Vickey] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Abulaiti, Y.; Akerstedt, H.; Asman, B.; Bendtz, K.; Bertoli, G.; Bylund, O. Bessidskaia; Bohm, C.; Clement, C.; Cribbs, W. A.; Eriksson, D.; Hellman, S.; Jon-And, K.; Khandanyan, H.; Kim, H.; Klimek, P.; Lundberg, O.; Milstead, D. A.; Moa, T.; Molander, S.; Pani, P.; Petridis, A.; Plucinski, P.; Rossetti, V.; Shcherbakova, A.; Silverstein, S. B.; Sjolin, J.; Strandberg, S.; Tylmad, M.; Ughetto, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Abulaiti, Y.; Akerstedt, H.; Asman, B.; Bendtz, K.; Bertoli, G.; Bylund, O. Bessidskaia; Clement, C.; Cribbs, W. A.; Hellman, S.; Jon-And, K.; Khandanyan, H.; Kim, H.; Klimek, P.; Lundberg, O.; Milstead, D. A.; Moa, T.; Molander, S.; Pani, P.; Petridis, A.; Plucinski, P.; Rossetti, V.; Shcherbakova, A.; Sjolin, J.; Strandberg, S.; Tylmad, M.; Ughetto, M.] Oskar Klein Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. [Jovicevic, J.; Kuwertz, E. S.; Lund-Jensen, B.; Morley, A. K.; Strandberg, J.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Balestri, T.; Bee, C. P.; Campoverde, A.; Chen, K.; Engelmann, R.; Grassi, V.; Hobbs, J.; Jia, J.; Li, H.; Lindquist, B. E.; Mastrandrea, P.; McCarthy, R. L.; Puldon, D.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Tsybychev, D.; Zaman, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Balestri, T.; Bee, C. P.; Campoverde, A.; Chen, K.; Engelmann, R.; Grassi, V.; Hobbs, J.; Jia, J.; Li, H.; Lindquist, B. E.; Mastrandrea, P.; McCarthy, R. L.; Puldon, D.; Radhakrishnan, S. K.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Tsybychev, D.; Zaman, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Asquith, L.; Cerri, A.; Barajas, C. A. Chavez; De Sanctis, U.; De Santo, A.; Grout, Z. J.; Potter, C. J.; Salvatore, F.; Castillo, I. Santoyo; Shehu, C. Y.; Suruliz, K.; Sutton, M. R.; Vivarelli, I.] Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton, E Sussex, England. [Black, C. W.; Cuthbert, C.; Finelli, K. D.; Jeng, G. -Y.; Limosani, A.; Patel, N. D.; Saavedra, A. F.; Scarcella, M.; Varvell, K. E.; Watson, I. J.; Yabsley, B.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Abdallah, J.; Chu, M. L.; Hou, S.; Hsu, P. J.; Jamin, D. O.; Lee, S. C.; Lin, S. C.; Liu, B.; Liu, D.; Lo Sterzo, F.; Mazini, R.; Shi, L.; Soh, D. A.; Teng, P. K.; Wang, S. M.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Abreu, H.; Cheatham, S.; Di Mattia, A.; Kopeliansky, R.; Musto, E.; Rozen, Y.; Tarem, S.; van Eldik, N.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Abramowicz, H.; Alexander, G.; Amram, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Bella, G.; Benary, O.; Benhammou, Y.; Davies, M.; Etzion, E.; Gershon, A.; Gueta, O.; Guttman, N.; Munwes, Y.; Oren, Y.; Silver, Y.; Soffer, A.; Taiblum, N.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Bachas, K.; Gkaitatzis, S.; Gkialas, I.; Iliadis, D.; Kimura, N.; Kordas, K.; Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi, A.; Leisos, A.; Orlando, N.; Papageorgiou, K.; Hernandez, D. Paredes; Petridou, C.; Sampsonidis, D.; Sotiropoulou, C. L.; Tsionou, D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Akimoto, G.; Asai, S.; Dohmae, T.; Enari, Y.; Hanawa, K.; Kanaya, N.; Kataoka, Y.; Kawamoto, T.; Kazama, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Komori, Y.; Mashimo, T.; Masubuchi, T.; Minami, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Ninomiya, Y.; Okuyama, T.; Sakamoto, H.; Sasaki, Y.; Tanaka, J.; Terashi, K.; Ueda, I.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Int Ctr Elementary Particle Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Akimoto, G.; Aloisio, A.; Asai, S.; Dohmae, T.; Enari, Y.; Hanawa, K.; Kanaya, N.; Kataoka, Y.; Kawamoto, T.; Kazama, S.; Kobayashi, T.; Komori, Y.; Mashimo, T.; Masubuchi, T.; Minami, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Ninomiya, Y.; Okuyama, T.; Sakamoto, H.; Sasaki, Y.; Tanaka, J.; Terashi, K.; Ueda, I.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Bratzler, U.; Fukunaga, C.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Hirose, M.; Ishitsuka, M.; Jinnouchi, O.; Kobayashi, D.; Kuze, M.; Motohashi, K.; Nagai, R.; Nobe, T.; Pettersson, N. E.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [AbouZeid, O. S.; Batista, S. J.; Chau, C. C.; DeMarco, D. A.; Di Sipio, R.; Diamond, M.; Ilic, N.; Krieger, P.; Liblong, A.; Mc Goldrick, G.; Orr, R. S.; Polifka, R.; Rudolph, M. S.; Savard, P.; Schramm, S.; Sinervo, P.; Spreitzer, T.; Taenzer, J.; Teuscher, R. J.; Trischuk, W.; Venturi, N.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Canepa, A.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Koutsman, A.; Oram, C. J.; Codina, E. Perez; Schneider, B.; Schouten, D.; Seuster, R.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.; Tafirout, R.; Trigger, I. M.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Garcia, J. A. Benitez; Ramos, J. Manjarres; Palacino, G.; Qureshi, A.; Taylor, W.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Hara, K.; Hayashi, T.; Kim, S. H.; Kiuchi, K.; Nagata, K.; Okawa, H.; Sato, K.; Ukegawa, F.] Univ Tsukuba, Fac Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Beauchemin, P. H.; Hamilton, S.; Meoni, E.; Rolli, S.; Sliwa, K.; Wetter, J.] Tufts Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Losada, M.; Navarro, G.; Sandoval, C.] Univ Antonio Narino, Ctr Invest, Bogota, Colombia. [Corso-Radu, A.; Gerbaudo, D.; Lankford, A. J.; Mete, A. S.; Nelson, A.; Relich, M.; Scannicchio, D. A.; Schernau, M.; Shimmin, C. O.; Taffard, A.; Unel, G.; Whiteson, D.; Zhou, N.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA USA. [Acharya, B. S.; Barisonzi, M.; Brazzale, S. F.; Cobal, M.; Giordani, M. P.; Miglioranzi, S.; Pinamonti, M.; Quayle, W. B.; Shaw, K.; Soualah, R.] INFN Grp Collegato Udine, Sez Trieste, Udine, Italy. [Acharya, B. S.; Barisonzi, M.; Quayle, W. B.; Shaw, K.] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Brazzale, S. F.; Cobal, M.; Giordani, M. P.; Miglioranzi, S.; Pinamonti, M.; Soualah, R.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Ambiente, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Atkinson, M.; Basye, A.; Cavaliere, V.; Chang, P.; Errede, S.; Lie, K.; Liss, T. M.; Neubauer, M. S.; Shang, R.; Vichou, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Brenner, R.; Buszello, C. P.; Ekelof, T.; Ellert, M.; Ferrari, A.; Isaksson, C.; Madsen, A.; Ohman, H.; Pelikan, D.; Rangel-Smith, C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, Sweden. [Cabrera Urban, S.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Costa, M. J.; Fernandez Martinez, P.; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia Navarro, J. 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T.; Romero Adam, E.; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez, J.; Sanchez Martinez, V.; Soldevila, U.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valladolid Gallego, E.; Valls Ferrer, J. A.; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Atom Mol & Nucl, Valencia, Spain. [Cabrera Urban, S.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Costa, M. J.; Fernandez Martinez, P.; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia Navarro, J. E.; Gonzalez de la Hoz, S.; Hernandez Jimenez, Y.; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Irles Quiles, A.; Jimenez Pena, J.; Kaci, M.; King, M.; Lacasta, C.; Lacuesta, V. R.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Moles-Valls, R.; Oliver Garcia, E.; Pedraza Lopez, S.; Perez Garcia-Estan, M. T.; Romero Adam, E.; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez, J.; Sanchez Martinez, V.; Soldevila, U.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valladolid Gallego, E.; Valls Ferrer, J. A.; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, Dept Ingn Elect, Valencia, Spain. [Cabrera Urban, S.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Costa, M. J.; Fernandez Martinez, P.; Ferrer, A.; Fiorini, L.; Fuster, J.; Garcia, C.; Garcia Navarro, J. E.; Gonzalez de la Hoz, S.; Hernandez Jimenez, Y.; Higon-Rodriguez, E.; Irles Quiles, A.; Jimenez Pena, J.; Kaci, M.; King, M.; Lacasta, C.; Lacuesta, V. R.; Marti-Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Moles-Valls, R.; Oliver Garcia, E.; Pedraza Lopez, S.; Perez Garcia-Estan, M. T.; Romero Adam, E.; Ros, E.; Salt, J.; Sanchez, J.; Sanchez Martinez, V.; Soldevila, U.; Torro Pastor, E.; Valero, A.; Valladolid Gallego, E.; Valls Ferrer, J. A.; Vos, M.] Univ Valencia, IMB CNM, Valencia, Spain. [Danninger, M.; Fedorko, W.; Gay, C.; Gecse, Z.; King, S. B.; Lister, A.; Swedish, S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Albert, J.; Berghaus, F.; David, C.; Elliot, A. A.; Fincke-Keeler, M.; Hamano, K.; Hill, E.; Keeler, R.; Kowalewski, R.; Kwan, T.; Lefebvre, M.; Marino, C. P.; McPherson, R. A.; Ouellette, E. A.; Pearce, J.; Sobie, R.; Venturi, M.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Beckingham, M.; Farrington, S. M.; Harrison, P. F.; Janus, M.; Jeske, C.; Jones, G.; Martin, T. A.; Murray, W. J.; Pianori, E.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Iizawa, T.; Mitani, T.; Sakurai, Y.; Yorita, K.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Bressler, S.; Citron, Z. H.; Duchovni, E.; Gross, E.; Lellouch, D.; Levinson, L. J.; Mikenberg, G.; Milov, A.; Pitt, M.; Roth, I.; Schaarschmidt, J.; Smakhtin, V.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Banerjee, Sw.; Hard, A. S.; Heng, Y.; Ji, H.; Ju, X.; Kashif, L.; Kruse, A.; Ming, Y.; Pan, Y. B.; Wang, F.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wu, S. L.; Yang, H.; Zhang, F.; Zobernig, G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kuger, F.; Redelbach, A.; Schreyer, M.; Sidiropoulou, O.; Siragusa, G.; Stroehmer, R.; Tam, J. Y. C.; Trefzger, T.; Weber, S. W.; Zibell, A.] Univ Wurzburg, Fak Phys & Astron, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Bannoura, A. A. E.; Beermann, T. A.; Braun, H. M.; Cornelissen, T.; Duda, D.; Ernis, G.; Fischer, J.; Fleischmann, S.; Flick, T.; Gabizon, O.; Hamacher, K.; Harenberg, T.; Heim, T.; Hirschbuehl, D.; Kersten, S.; Kohlmann, S.; Lenzen, G.; Maettig, P.; Neumann, M.; Pataraia, S.; Riegel, C. J.; Sandhoff, M.; Tepel, F.; Wagner, W.; Wicke, D.; Zeitnitz, C.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys C, Wuppertal, Germany. [Baker, O. K.; Cummings, J.; Demers, S.; Garberson, F.; Guest, D.; Henrichs, A.; Ideal, E.; Lagouri, T.; Leister, A. G.; Loginov, A.; Tipton, P.; Wang, X.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. [Hakobyan, H.; Vardanyan, G.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Rahal, G.] Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules IN2P3, Ctr Calcul, Villeurbanne, France. [Acharya, B. S.] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London WC2R 2LS, England. 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RI Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Fabbri, Laura/H-3442-2012; Solodkov, Alexander/B-8623-2017; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017; Martinez, Mario /I-3549-2015; Peleganchuk, Sergey/J-6722-2014; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Monzani, Simone/D-6328-2017; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; Ventura, Andrea/A-9544-2015; Kantserov, Vadim/M-9761-2015; La Rosa Navarro, Jose Luis/K-4221-2016; Vanadia, Marco/K-5870-2016; Ippolito, Valerio/L-1435-2016; Maneira, Jose/D-8486-2011; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/D-6269-2015; Staroba, Pavel/G-8850-2014; Goncalo, Ricardo/M-3153-2016; Gauzzi, Paolo/D-2615-2009; Maleev, Victor/R-4140-2016; Mindur, Bartosz/A-2253-2017; Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; Smirnova, Oxana/A-4401-2013; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Gonzalez de la Hoz, Santiago/E-2494-2016; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio/F-1256-2016; Leyton, Michael/G-2214-2016; Jones, Roger/H-5578-2011; Vranjes Milosavljevic, Marija/F-9847-2016; SULIN, VLADIMIR/N-2793-2015; Nechaeva, Polina/N-1148-2015; Vykydal, Zdenek/H-6426-2016; Snesarev, Andrey/H-5090-2013; Veneziano, Stefano/J-1610-2012; Boldyrev, Alexey/M-9684-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Brooks, William/C-8636-2013; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; Mashinistov, Ruslan/M-8356-2015; Livan, Michele/D-7531-2012; Gavrilenko, Igor/M-8260-2015; spagnolo, stefania/A-6359-2012; Di Domenico, Antonio/G-6301-2011; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Boyko, Igor/J-3659-2013; Ciubancan, Liviu Mihai/L-2412-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Mitsou, Vasiliki/D-1967-2009; Zhukov, Konstantin/M-6027-2015; Shmeleva, Alevtina/M-6199-2015 OI Fabbri, Laura/0000-0002-4002-8353; Solodkov, Alexander/0000-0002-2737-8674; Zaitsev, Alexandre/0000-0002-4961-8368; Peleganchuk, Sergey/0000-0003-0907-7592; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Monzani, Simone/0000-0002-0479-2207; Ventura, Andrea/0000-0002-3368-3413; Kantserov, Vadim/0000-0001-8255-416X; Vanadia, Marco/0000-0003-2684-276X; Ippolito, Valerio/0000-0001-5126-1620; Maneira, Jose/0000-0002-3222-2738; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/0000-0003-3551-5808; Goncalo, Ricardo/0000-0002-3826-3442; Gauzzi, Paolo/0000-0003-4841-5822; Mindur, Bartosz/0000-0002-5511-2611; Smirnova, Oxana/0000-0003-2517-531X; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Gonzalez de la Hoz, Santiago/0000-0001-5304-5390; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Aguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-5475-8920; Leyton, Michael/0000-0002-0727-8107; Jones, Roger/0000-0002-6427-3513; Vranjes Milosavljevic, Marija/0000-0003-4477-9733; SULIN, VLADIMIR/0000-0003-3943-2495; Vykydal, Zdenek/0000-0003-2329-0672; Veneziano, Stefano/0000-0002-2598-2659; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Brooks, William/0000-0001-6161-3570; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; Mashinistov, Ruslan/0000-0001-7925-4676; Livan, Michele/0000-0002-5877-0062; spagnolo, stefania/0000-0001-7482-6348; Di Domenico, Antonio/0000-0001-8078-2759; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Boyko, Igor/0000-0002-3355-4662; Ciubancan, Liviu Mihai/0000-0003-1837-2841; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Mitsou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-1533-8886; FU ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, Czech Republic; MPO CR, Czech Republic; VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, European Union; ERC, European Union; NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; DFG, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; NSRF, Greece; RGC, China; ISF, Israel; MINERVA, Israel; GIF, Israel; I-CORE, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM, Netherlands; NWO, Netherlands; BRF, Norway; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; NCN, Poland; GRICES, Portugal; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia, Russian Federation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; Hong Kong SAR, China FX We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. NR 84 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 9 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 IS 7 AR 157 DI 10.1007/JHEP07(2015)157 PG 44 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA CO1PZ UT WOS:000358928800001 ER PT J AU Kaphan, DM Toste, FD Bergman, RG Raymond, KN AF Kaphan, David M. Toste, F. Dean Bergman, Robert G. Raymond, Kenneth N. TI Enabling New Modes of Reactivity via Constrictive Binding in a Supramolecular-Assembly-Catalyzed Aza-Prins Cyclization SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONFINED CAVITY; DIELS-ALDER; STABILIZATION; HOST; ACCELERATION; CYCLASES; SYNTHASE; CAPSULE; CAGES; WATER AB Supramolecular assembly 1 catalyzes a bimolecular aza-Prins cyclization featuring an unexpected transannular 1,5-hydride transfer. This reaction pathway, which is promoted by constrictive binding within the supramolecular cavity of 1, is kinetically disfavored in the absence of 1, as evidenced by the orthogonal reactivity observed in bulk solution. Mechanistic investigation through kinetic analysis and isotopic labeling studies indicates that the rate-limiting step of the transformation is the encapsulation of a transient iminium ion and supports the proposed 1,5-hydride transfer mechanism. This represents a rare example of such an extreme divergence of product selectivity observed within a catalytic metal-ligand supramolecular enzyme mimic. C1 [Toste, F. Dean] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Toste, FD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fdtoste@berkeley.edu; rbergman@berkeley.edu; raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 1106400] FX This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL (DE-AC02-05CH11231) and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant no. DGE 1106400) to DMK. We thank Mark Levin, Andrew Neel, Dr. Johnathan Brantley, and Dr. Matthew Winston for helpful discussion. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 13 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 29 BP 9202 EP 9205 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b01261 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CO1EM UT WOS:000358896600002 PM 26176416 ER PT J AU Yang, B Dyck, O Poplawsky, J Keum, J Puretzky, A Das, S Ivanov, I Rouleau, C Duscher, G Geohegan, D Xiao, K AF Yang, Bin Dyck, Ondrej Poplawsky, Jonathan Keum, Jong Puretzky, Alexander Das, Sanjib Ivanov, Ilia Rouleau, Christopher Duscher, Gerd Geohegan, David Xiao, Kai TI Perovskite Solar Cells with Near 100% Internal Quantum Efficiency Based on Large Single Crystalline Grains and Vertical Bulk Heterojunctions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYSTERESIS; DEPOSITION; INTERFACE; DIFFUSION AB Imperfections in organometal halide perovskite films such as grain boundaries (GBs), defects, and traps detrimentally cause significant nonradiative recombination energy loss and decreased power conversion efficiency (PCE) in solar cells. Here, a simple layer-by-layer fabrication process based on air exposure followed by thermal annealing is reported to grow perovskite films with large, single-crystal grains and vertically oriented GBs. The hole-transport medium Spiro-OMeTAD is then infiltrated into the GBs to form vertically aligned bulk heterojunctions. Due to the space-charge regions in the vicinity of GBs, the nonradiative recombination in GBs is significantly suppressed. The GBs become active carrier collection channels. Thus, the internal quantum efficiencies of the devices approach 100% in the visible spectrum range. The optimized cells yield an average PCE of 16.3 +/- 0.9%, comparable to the best solution-processed perovskite devices, establishing them as important alternatives to growing ideal single crystal thin films in the pursuit toward theoretical maximum PCE with industrially realistic processing techniques. C1 [Yang, Bin; Poplawsky, Jonathan; Keum, Jong; Puretzky, Alexander; Ivanov, Ilia; Rouleau, Christopher; Geohegan, David; Xiao, Kai] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dyck, Ondrej; Duscher, Gerd] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Das, Sanjib] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Xiao, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xiaok@ornl.gov RI Keum, Jong/N-4412-2015; Poplawsky, Jonathan/Q-2456-2015; Rouleau, Christopher/Q-2737-2015; Dyck, Ondrej/A-3294-2016; Yang, Bin/P-8529-2014; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013; Das, Sanjib/A-9255-2017; OI Keum, Jong/0000-0002-5529-1373; Poplawsky, Jonathan/0000-0002-4272-7043; Rouleau, Christopher/0000-0002-5488-3537; Dyck, Ondrej/0000-0001-8200-9874; Yang, Bin/0000-0002-5667-9126; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139; Das, Sanjib/0000-0002-5281-4458; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502 NR 23 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 25 U2 180 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 29 BP 9210 EP 9213 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b03144 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CO1EM UT WOS:000358896600004 PM 26156790 ER PT J AU Zhang, DD Eaton, SW Yu, Y Dou, LT Yang, PD AF Zhang, Dandan Eaton, Samuel W. Yu, Yi Dou, Letian Yang, Peidong TI Solution-Phase Synthesis of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanowires SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; QUANTUM DOTS; PB CRYSTALS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTOR; MONODISPERSE; TRANSITIONS; EFFICIENT; EMISSION AB Halide perovskites have attracted much attention over the past 5 years as a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications. However, compared to hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, the study of their pure inorganic counterparts, like cesium lead halides (CsPbX3), lags far behind. Here, a catalyst-free, solution-phase synthesis of CsPbX3 nanowires (NWs) is reported. These NWs are single-crystalline, with uniform growth direction, and crystallize in the orthorhombic phase. Both CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 are photoluminescence active, with composition-dependent temperature and self-trapping behavior. These NWs with a well-defined morphology could serve as an ideal platform for the investigation of fundamental properties and the development of future applications in nanoscale optoelectronic devices based on all-inorganic perovskites. C1 [Zhang, Dandan; Eaton, Samuel W.; Yu, Yi; Dou, Letian; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Dandan; Dou, Letian; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Dandan] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation [EP-14-151] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (PChem). S.W.E. thanks the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation for funding, award no. EP-14-151. NR 32 TC 114 Z9 115 U1 98 U2 533 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 29 BP 9230 EP 9233 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b05404 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CO1EM UT WOS:000358896600009 PM 26181343 ER PT J AU Aulakh, D Pyser, JB Zhang, X Yakovenko, AA Dunbar, KR Wriedt, M AF Aulakh, Darpandeep Pyser, Joshua B. Zhang, Xuan Yakovenko, Andrey A. Dunbar, Kim R. Wriedt, Mario TI Metal-Organic Frameworks as Platforms for the Controlled Nanostructuring of Single-Molecule Magnets SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS SILICA; RELAXATION; SURFACES; CLUSTERS; NETWORK AB The prototypical single-molecule magnet (SMM) molecule [Mn12O12(O2CCH3)(16)(OH2)(4)] was incorporated under mild conditions into a highly porous metal-organic framework (MOF) matrix as a proof of principle for controlled nanostructuring of SMMs. Four independent experiments revealed that the SMM clusters were successfully loaded in the MOF pores, namely synchrotron-based powder diffraction, physisorption analysis, and in-depth magnetic and thermal analyses. The results provide incontrovertible evidence that the magnetic composite, SMM@ MOF, combines key SMM properties with the functional properties of MOFs. Most importantly, the incorporated SMMs exhibit a significantly enhanced thermal stability with SMM loading advantageously occurring at the periphery of the bulk MOF crystals with only a single SMM molecule isolated in the transverse direction of the pores. C1 [Aulakh, Darpandeep; Pyser, Joshua B.; Wriedt, Mario] Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. [Zhang, Xuan; Dunbar, Kim R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Yakovenko, Andrey A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wriedt, M (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Sci, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM mwriedt@clarkson.edu RI Zhang, Xuan/G-2387-2015; Dunbar, Kim/B-6488-2015; Wriedt, Mario/B-5645-2011 OI Zhang, Xuan/0000-0001-8214-7265; Dunbar, Kim/0000-0001-5728-7805; FU Clarkson University; Center of Advanced Material Processing at Clarkson University; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [CHE-9974899]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0012582]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [A-1449] FX We gratefully acknowledge Clarkson University for their generous start-up funding. J.B.P. thanks the Center of Advanced Material Processing at Clarkson University for an undergraduate summer research stipend in 2014. Work carried out at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The magnetic measurements were conducted in the Department of Chemistry SQUID Facility at Texas A&M University with a magnetometer obtained by a grant from the National Science Foundation (CHE-9974899). The magnetic work in this study was performed by K.R.D.'s group and was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy through Grant DE-SC0012582. K.R.D. also thanks the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant A-1449) for summer salary for X.Z. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 12 U2 138 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 29 BP 9254 EP 9257 DI 10.1021/jacs.5606002 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CO1EM UT WOS:000358896600015 PM 26167692 ER PT J AU Snyder, RA Butch, SE Reig, AJ DeGrado, WF Solomon, EI AF Snyder, Rae Ana Butch, Susan E. Reig, Amanda J. DeGrado, William F. Solomon, Edward I. TI Molecular-Level Insight into the Differential Oxidase and Oxygenase Reactivities of de Novo Due Ferri Proteins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLI RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; METHYLOCOCCUS-CAPSULATUS BATH; NONHEME IRON ENZYMES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MYOINOSITOL OXYGENASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; DIIRON SITE; PEROXODIFERRIC INTERMEDIATE; STREPTOMYCES-THIOLUTEUS AB Using the single-chain due ferri (DFsc) peptide scaffold, the differential oxidase and oxygenase reactivities of two 4A -> 4G variants, one with two histidines at the diiron center (G4DFsc) and the other with three histidines (3His-G4DFsc(Mut3)), are explored. By controlling the reaction conditions, the active form responsible for 4-aminophenol (4-AP) oxidase activity in both G4DFsc and 3His-G4DFsc(Mut3) is determined to be the substrate-bound biferrous site. Using circular dichroism (CD), magnetic CD (MCD), and variable-temperature, variable-field (VTVH) MCD spectroscopies, 4-AP is found to bind directly to the biferrous sites of the DF proteins. In G4DFsc, 4-AP increases the coordination of the biferrous site, while in 3His-G4DFsc(Mut3), the coordination number remains the same and the substrate likely replaces the additional bound histidine. This substrate binding enables a two-electron process where 4-AP is oxidized to benzoquinone imine and O-2 is reduced to H2O2. In contrast, only the biferrous 3His variant is found to be active in the oxygenation of p-anisidine to 4-nitroso-methoxybenzene. From CD, MCD, and VTVH MCD, p-anisidine addition is found to minimally perturb the biferrous centers of both G4DFsc and 3His-G4DFsc(Mut3), indicating that this substrate binds near the biferrous site. In 3His-G4DFsc(Mut3), the coordinative saturation of one iron leads to the two-electron reduction of O-2 at the second iron to generate an end-on hydroperoxo-Fe(III) active oxygenating species. C1 [Snyder, Rae Ana; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Butch, Susan E.; Reig, Amanda J.] Ursinus Coll, Dept Chem, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [DeGrado, William F.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Reig, AJ (reprint author), Ursinus Coll, Dept Chem, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. EM areig@ursinus.edu; bill.degrado@ucsf.edu; edward.solomon@stanford.edu FU NSF [MCB-1404866, CHE-1413295]; NIH [F32-GM808852, R15-GM110657, GM54616, GM71628] FX This work was supported by the NSF (MCB-1404866 to E.I.S. and CHE-1413295 to W.F.D.) and the NIH (F32-GM808852 and R15-GM110657 to A.J.R. and GM54616 and GM71628 to W.F.D.). We thank the Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (Stanford University Mass Spectrometry), particularly Ludmila Alexandrova, for acquisition of the LCMS data included in the Supporting Information. NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 29 BP 9302 EP 9314 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b03524 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CO1EM UT WOS:000358896600024 PM 26090726 ER PT J AU Liu, W Fang, Y Wei, GZ Teat, SJ Xiong, KC Hu, ZC Lustig, WP Li, J AF Liu, Wei Fang, Yang Wei, George Z. Teat, Simon J. Xiong, Kecai Hu, Zhichao Lustig, William P. Li, Jing TI A Family of Highly Efficient Cul-Based Lighting Phosphors Prepared by a Systematic, Bottom-up Synthetic Approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC HYBRID SEMICONDUCTORS; DIRECT WHITE-LIGHT; EMITTING-DIODES; QUANTUM DOTS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES; BULK MATERIALS; 3D NETWORK; 1D CHAIN; NANOCRYSTALS AB Copper(I) iodide (CuI)-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials in the general chemical formula of CuI(L) are well-known for their structural diversity and strong photoluminescence and are therefore considered promising candidates for a number of optical applications. In this work, we demonstrate a systematic, bottom-up precursor approach to developing a series of CuI(L) network structures built on CuI rhomboid dimers. These compounds combine strong luminescence due to the CuI inorganic modules and significantly enhanced thermal stability as a result of connecting individual building units into robust, extended networks. Examination of their optical properties reveals that these materials not only exhibit exceptionally high photoluminescence performance (with internal quantum yield up to 95%) but also that their emission energy and color are systematically tunable through modification of the organic component. Results from density functional theory calculations provide convincing correlations between these materials' crystal structures and chemical compositions and their optophysical properties. The advantages of cost-effective, solution-processable, easily scalable and fully controllable synthesis as well as high quantum efficiency with improved thermal stability, make this phosphor family a promising candidate for alternative, RE-free phosphors in general lighting and illumination. This solution-based precursor approach creates a new blueprint for the rational design and controlled synthesis of inorganic-organic hybrid materials. C1 [Liu, Wei; Fang, Yang; Wei, George Z.; Xiong, Kecai; Hu, Zhichao; Lustig, William P.; Li, Jing] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM jingli@rutgers.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1206700, DMR-1507210]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Rutgers University Aresty Research Center; Rutgers Energy Institute (REI) FX Financial support from the National Science Foundation (grant no. DMR-1206700 and DMR-1507210) is gratefully acknowledged. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. W.L. would like to thank Dechao Yu for helpful discussions. G.Z.W. acknowledges fellowship support from the Rutgers University Aresty Research Center and Rutgers Energy Institute (REI). NR 57 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 137 IS 29 BP 9400 EP 9408 DI 10.1021/jacs.5b04840 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA CO1EM UT WOS:000358896600034 PM 26151729 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Bei, H AF Wu, Z. Bei, H. TI Microstructures and mechanical properties of compositionally complex Co-free FeNiMnCr18 FCC solid solution alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Solid solution alloys; Mechanical properties; Hardening; Microstructure; EBSD; High entropy alloy ID HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; PHASE-STABILITY; MULTICOMPONENT ALLOYS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; GRAIN-ORIENTATION; STRAIN-RATE; TWIP STEEL; BEHAVIOR AB Recently, a structurally-simple but compositionally-complex FeNiCoMnCr high entropy alloy was found to have excellent mechanical properties (e.g., high strength and ductility). To understand the potential of using high entropy alloys as structural materials for advanced nuclear reactor and power plants, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of their structural stability and mechanical properties degradation under neutron irradiation. This requires us to develop a similar model alloy without Co because material with Co will make post-neutron-irradiation testing difficult due to the production of the 6 Co radioisotope. To achieve this goal, a FCC-structured single-phase alloy with a composition of FeNiMnCr18 was successfully developed. This near-equiatomic FeNiMnCr18 alloy has good malleability and its microstructure can be controlled by thermomechanical processing. By rolling and annealing, the as-cast elongated-grained-microstructure is replaced by homogeneous equiaxed grains. The mechanical properties (e.g., strength and ductility) of the FeNiMnCr18 alloy are comparable to those of the equiatomic FeNiCoMnCr high entropy alloy. Both strength and ductility increase with decreasing deformation temperature, with the largest difference occurring between 293 and 77 K. Extensive twin-bands which are bundles of numerous individual twins are observed when it is tensile-fractured at 77 K. No twin bands are detected by EBSD for materials deformed at 293 K and higher. The unusual temperature-dependencies of UTS and uniform elongation could be caused by the development of the dense twin substructure, twin-dislocation interactions and the interactions between primary and secondary twinning systems which result in a microstructure refinement and hence cause enhanced strain hardening and postponed necking. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Z.; Bei, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Z.] Univ Tennessee, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bei, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beih@ornl.gov FU Department of Energy, Office of Sciences, Basic Energy Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Sciences, Basic Energy Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 11 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 640 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.097 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CN7PN UT WOS:000358626600025 ER PT J AU Florando, JN Margraf, JD Reus, JF Anderson, AT McCallen, RC LeBlanc, MM Stanley, JR Rubenchik, AM Wu, SS Lowdermilk, WH AF Florando, J. N. Margraf, J. D. Reus, J. F. Anderson, A. T. McCallen, R. C. LeBlanc, M. M. Stanley, J. R. Rubenchik, A. M. Wu, S. S. Lowdermilk, W. H. TI Modeling the effect of laser heating on the strength and failure of 7075-T6 aluminum SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Strength; Modeling; Strain-rate; Laser ID DEFORMATION-BEHAVIOR; CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; AL-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURES; TEMPERATURES; METALS; STEEL AB The effect of rapid laser heating on the response of 7075-T6 aluminum has been characterized using 3-D digital image correlation and a series of thermocouples. The experimental results indicate that as the samples are held under a constant load, the heating from the laser profile causes non-uniform temperature and strain fields, and the strain-rate increases dramatically as the sample nears failure. Simulations have been conducted using the LLNL multi-physics code ALE3D, and compared to the experiments. The strength and failure of the material was modeled using the Johnson-Cook strength and damage models. In order to capture the response, a dual-condition criterion was utilized which calibrated one set of parameters to low temperature quasi-static strain rate data, while the other parameter set is calibrated to high temperature high strain rate data. The thermal effects were captured using temperature dependent thermal constants and invoking thermal transport with conduction, convection, and thermal radiation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Florando, J. N.; Margraf, J. D.; Reus, J. F.; Anderson, A. T.; McCallen, R. C.; LeBlanc, M. M.; Stanley, J. R.; Rubenchik, A. M.; Wu, S. S.; Lowdermilk, W. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Florando, JN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM florando1@llnl.gov FU LLNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, United States [12-ERD-050]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank Nathan Barton for implementing the dual condition model in ALE3D. Funding for this work is through the LLNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, United States (Grant no. 12-ERD-050). This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 640 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.105 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA CN7PN UT WOS:000358626600045 ER PT J AU Atanasov, V Saxena, A AF Atanasov, Victor Saxena, Avadh TI Helicoidal graphene nanoribbons: Chiraltronics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SURFACES; TWIST; FERMIONS; SPIRALS; PHASE; SHAPE; SIZE AB We present a calculation of the effective geometry-induced quantum potential for the carriers in graphene shaped as a helicoidal nanoribbon. In this geometry the twist of the nanoribbon plays the role of an effective transverse electric field in graphene and this is reminiscent of the Hall effect. However, this effective electric field has a different sign for the two isospin states and translates into a mechanism to separate the two chiral species on the opposing rims of the nanoribbon. Isospin transitions are expected with the emission or absorption of microwave radiation which could be adjusted to be in the THz region. C1 [Atanasov, Victor] Univ Sofia, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Saxena, Avadh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Saxena, Avadh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Atanasov, V (reprint author), Univ Sofia, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, 5 Blvd J Bourchier, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. EM vatanaso@phys.uni-sofia.bg; avadh@lanl.gov OI Atanasov, Victor/0000-0001-6587-409X FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 9 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 29 PY 2015 VL 92 IS 3 AR 035440 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.035440 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA CO0LT UT WOS:000358843700005 ER EF