FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Hao, J Dai, XX Zhang, YC Zhang, J Gao, WZ AF Hao, Jun Dai, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Yingchen Zhang, Jun Gao, Wenzhong BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Distribution Locational Real-Time Pricing based Smart Building Control and Management SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE Smart building; social energy; artificial systems; parallel intelligence and control; distribution locational; marginal real-time price; numeric experiments; feedback; human comfort; working performance ID COMFORT MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS; ENERGY; OPERATION; SYSTEMS AB This paper proposes an real-virtual parallel computing scheme for smart building operations aiming at augmenting overall social welfare. The University of Denver's campus power grid and Ritchie fitness center is used for demonstrating the proposed approach. An artificial virtual system is built in parallel to the real physical system to evaluate the overall social cost of the building operation based on the social science based working productivity model, numerical experiment based building energy consumption model and the power system based real-time pricing mechanism. Through interactive feedback exchanged between the real and virtual system, enlarged social welfare, including monetary cost reduction and energy saving, as well as working productivity improvements, can be achieved. C1 [Hao, Jun; Dai, Xiaoxiao; Zhang, Jun; Gao, Wenzhong] Univ Denver, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80210 USA. [Zhang, Yingchen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hao, J (reprint author), Univ Denver, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80210 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900062 ER PT S AU He, FL Cao, Y Zhang, JJ Wei, JL Zhang, YC Muljadi, E Gao, WZ AF He, Fulin Cao, Yang Zhang, Jun Jason Wei, Jiaolong Zhang, Yingchen Muljadi, Eduard Gao, Wenzhong BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Security-Oriented and Load-Balancing Wireless Data Routing Game in the Integration of Advanced Metering Infrastructure Network in Smart Grid SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE Smart grid; secure routing; routing game; network formation game; distributed learning algorithm AB Ensuring flexible and reliable data routing is indispensable for the integration of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) networks, we propose a secure-oriented and load-balancing wireless data routing scheme. A novel utility function is designed based on security routing scheme. Then, we model the interactive security-oriented routing strategy among meter data concentrators or smart grid meters as a mixed-strategy network formation game. Finally, such problem results in a stable probabilistic routing scheme with proposed distributed learning algorithm. One contributions is that we studied that different types of applications affect the routing selection strategy and the strategy tendency. Another contributions is that the chosen strategy of our mixed routing can adaptively to converge to a new mixed strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE) during the learning process in the smart grid. C1 [He, Fulin; Cao, Yang; Wei, Jiaolong] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect Informat & Commun, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jun Jason; Gao, Wenzhong] Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO 80210 USA. [Zhang, Yingchen; Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP He, FL (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect Informat & Commun, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900150 ER PT S AU Li, BW Maroukis, SD Lin, YS Mathieu, JL AF Li, Bowen Maroukis, Spencer D. Lin, Yashen Mathieu, Johanna L. BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Impact of Uncertainty from Load-based Reserves and Renewables on Dispatch Costs and Emissions SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver AB Aggregations of controllable loads are considered to be a fast-responding, cost-efficient, and environmental-friendly candidate for power system ancillary services. Unlike conventional service providers, the potential capacity from the aggregation is highly affected by factors like ambient conditions and load usage patterns. Previous work modeled aggregations of controllable loads (such as air conditioners) as thermal batteries, which are capable of providing reserves but with uncertain capacity. A stochastic optimal power flow problem was formulated to manage this uncertainty, as well as uncertainty in renewable generation. In this paper, we explore how the types and levels of uncertainty, generation reserve costs, and controllable load capacity affect the dispatch solution, operational costs, and CO2 emissions. We also compare the results of two methods for solving the stochastic optimization problem, namely the probabilistically robust method and analytical reformulation assuming Gaussian distributions. Case studies are conducted on a modified IEEE 9-bus system with renewables, controllable loads, and congestion. We find that different types and levels of uncertainty have significant impacts on dispatch and emissions. More controllable loads and less conservative solution methodologies lead to lower costs and emissions. C1 [Li, Bowen; Maroukis, Spencer D.; Mathieu, Johanna L.] Univ Michigan, EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lin, Yashen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Li, BW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, EECS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM libowen@umich.edu; smarouki@umich.edu; yashen.lin@nrel.gov; jlmath@umich.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900001 ER PT S AU Long, M Simpkins, T Cutler, D Anderson, K AF Long, Matthew Simpkins, Travis Cutler, Dylan Anderson, Kate BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI A Statistical Analysis of the Economic Drivers of Battery Energy Storage in Commercial Buildings SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE Batteries; energy storage; mathematical programming; Monte Carlo methods; regression analysis AB There is significant interest in using battery energy storage systems (BESS) to reduce peak demand charges, and therefore the life cycle cost of electricity, in commercial buildings. This paper explores the drivers of economic viability of BESS in commercial buildings through statistical analysis. A sample population of buildings was generated, a techno-economic optimization model was used to size and dispatch the BESS, and the resulting optimal BESS sizes were analyzed for relevant predictor variables. Explanatory regression analyses were used to demonstrate that, of the variables considered, peak demand charges are the most significant predictor of an economically viable battery, and that the shape of the load profile is the most significant predictor of the size of the battery. C1 [Long, Matthew] Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Simpkins, Travis; Cutler, Dylan; Anderson, Kate] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Simpkins, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Travis.simpkins@nrel.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900087 ER PT S AU Nagarajan, A Palmintier, B Ding, F Mather, B Baggu, M AF Nagarajan, Adarsh Palmintier, Bryan Ding, Fei Mather, Barry Baggu, Murali BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Improving advanced inverter control convergence in distribution power flow SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE advanced inverter control; volt-var; volt-watt; distribution system simulator; smart grids AB Simulation of modern distribution system powerflow increasingly requires capturing the impact of advanced PV inverter voltage regulation on powerflow. With Volt/var control, the inverter adjusts its reactive power flow as a function of the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage. Similarly, Volt/watt control curtails active power production as a function of PCC voltage. However, with larger systems and higher penetrations of PV, this active/reactive power flow itself can cause significant changes to the PCC voltage potentially introducing oscillations that slow the convergence of system simulations. Improper treatment of these advanced inverter functions could potentially lead to incorrect results. This paper explores a simple approach to speed such convergence by blending in the previous iteration's reactive power estimate to dampen these oscillations. Results with a single large (5MW) PV system and with multiple 500kW advanced inverters show dramatic improvements using this approach. C1 [Nagarajan, Adarsh; Palmintier, Bryan; Ding, Fei; Mather, Barry; Baggu, Murali] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nagarajan, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900056 ER PT S AU Peppanen, J Grijalva, S Reno, MJ Broderick, RJ AF Peppanen, Jouni Grijalva, Santiago Reno, Matthew J. Broderick, Robert J. BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Secondary Circuit Model Creation and Validation with AMI and Transformer Measurements SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE Load Modeling; Power Distribution; Power System Measurements; Smart Grids AB Accurate distribution secondary circuit models are needed to effectively monitor and coordinate the distributed energy resources located in the secondary circuits and to enhance overall distribution system operations and planning. Accurate secondary models are also needed to fully leverage the measurement data received from smart meters and distributed energy resources at the customer premises. This paper discusses approaches for creating distribution system secondary low-voltage circuit models utilizing smart meter measurements. This paper also discusses methods to model secondary circuits when the loads and distributed energy resources are only partially metered. The presented methods are demonstrated on a real distribution secondary circuit with smart meter measurements and transformer low voltage measurements. Practical challenges related to real measurement data are discussed. C1 [Peppanen, Jouni; Grijalva, Santiago] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Reno, Matthew J.; Broderick, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peppanen, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900036 ER PT S AU Reno, MJ Quiroz, JE Lavrova, O Byrne, RH AF Reno, Matthew J. Quiroz, Jimmy E. Lavrova, Olga Byrne, Raymond H. BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Evaluation of Communication Requirements for Voltage Regulation Control with Advanced Inverters SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE automatic generation control; centralized control; communication networks; photovoltaic systems; reactive power ID GENERATORS AB A central control algorithm was developed to utilize photovoltaic system advanced inverter functions, specifically fixed power factor and constant reactive power, to provide distribution system voltage regulation and to mitigate voltage regulator tap operations by using voltage measurements at the regulator. As with any centralized control strategy, the capabilities of the control require a reliable and fast communication infrastructure. These communication requirements were evaluated by varying the interval at which the controller sends dispatch commands and evaluating the effectiveness to mitigate tap operations. The control strategy was demonstrated to perform well for communication intervals faster than the delay on the voltage regulator (30 seconds). The communication reliability, latency, and bandwidth requirements were also evaluated. C1 [Reno, Matthew J.; Quiroz, Jimmy E.; Lavrova, Olga; Byrne, Raymond H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Data Anal & Exploitat, Photovolta & Distributed Syst Integrat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reno, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Data Anal & Exploitat, Photovolta & Distributed Syst Integrat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900072 ER PT S AU Wang, X Gao, WZ Wang, JH Yan, SJ Wu, ZP Yan, WH Gevorgian, V Muljadi, E Kang, M Hwang, M Kang, Y AF Wang, Xiao Gao, Wenzhong Wang, Jianhui Yan, Shijie Wu, Ziping Yan, Weihang Gevorgian, Vahan Muljadi, Eduard Kang, Moses Hwang, Min Kang, YongCheol BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Inertial Response of Wind Power Plants: A Comparison of Frequency-based Inertial Control and Stepwise Inertial Control SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE frequency regulation; frequency-based inertial control; inertial response; stepwise inertial control; RTDS AB The frequency regulation capability of a wind power plant plays an important role in enhancing frequency reliability especially in an isolated power system with high wind power penetration levels. A comparison of two types of inertial control methods, namely frequency-based inertial control (FBIC) and stepwise inertial control (SIC), is presented in this paper. Comprehensive case studies are carried out to reveal features of the different inertial control methods, simulated in a modified Western System Coordination Council (WSCC) nine-bus power grid using real-time digital simulator (RTDS) platform. The simulation results provide an insight into the inertial control methods under various scenarios. C1 [Wang, Xiao] Northeastern Univ, Shenyang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiao] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Wang, Jianhui; Yan, Shijie] Northeastern Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Engn, Shenyang, Peoples R China. [Gao, Wenzhong; Wu, Ziping; Yan, Weihang] Univ Denver, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Denver, CO USA. [Gevorgian, Vahan; Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Kang, Moses; Hwang, Min; Kang, YongCheol] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Chonju, South Korea. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Shenyang, Peoples R China.; Wang, X (reprint author), Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM wangxiao.owl@gmail.com; wenzhong.gao@du.edu; wangjianhui@mail.neu.edu.cn; Eduard.Muljadi@nrel.gov; bass0608@jbun.ac.kr NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900026 ER PT S AU Zhang, XH Tomsovic, K Dimitrovski, A AF Zhang, Xiaohu Tomsovic, Kevin Dimitrovski, Aleksandar BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Optimal Investment on Series FACTS Device Considering Contingencies SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE Mixed integer linear programming (MILP); N-1 contingencies; power flow control; series FACTS ID OPTIMAL LOCATION; POWER-SYSTEMS; ALLOCATION; OPTIMIZATION; CAPACITORS; COST; TCSC AB Series FACTS devices are capable of relieving congestion and reducing generation costs in the power system. This paper proposes a planning model to optimally allocate TCSCs in the transmission network considering the base case and N - 1 contingencies. We consider a single target year and select three distinct load patterns to accommodate the yearly load profile. A reformulation technique is utilized to linearize the nonlinear power flow constraint introduced by a TCSC. Numerical case studies based on the IEEE 118-bus system demonstrate the high performance of the proposed planning model. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohu; Tomsovic, Kevin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dimitrovski, Aleksandar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM xzhang46@vols.utk.edu; tomsovic@utk.edu; dimitrovskia@ornl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900116 ER PT S AU Zhou, XY Tian, J Chen, LJ Dall'Anese, E AF Zhou, Xinyang Tian, Jie Chen, Lijun Dall'Anese, Emiliano BE Gao, DW Muljadi, E Zhang, J Khodaei, A TI Local Voltage Control in Distribution Networks: A Game-Theoretic Perspective SO 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 48th North American Power Symposium (NAPS) CY SEP 18-20, 2016 CL Univ Denver, Denver, CO SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, NAPS student Program, U S Natl Sci Fdn, Xcel Energy, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, ABB, Burns & McDonnell, Nayak Corp PSCAD RTDS, Western Area Power Adm, Tri-State Generat & Transmission Assoc, Ulteig, IEEE PES Young Professionals, Colorado Springs Utilities HO Univ Denver DE Distribution systems; photovoltaic systems; voltage regulation; Volt/VAr control; game theory; stability ID POWER; SYSTEMS AB Inverter-based voltage regulation is gaining importance to alleviate emerging reliability and power-quality concerns related to distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper seeks contribution in the domain of reactive power compensation by establishing stability of local Volt/VAr controllers. In lieu of the approximate linear surrogate used in the existing work, the paper establishes existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium point using nonlinear AC power flow model. Key to this end is to consider a nonlinear dynamical system with non-incremental local Volt/VAr control, cast the Volt/VAr dynamics as a game, and leverage the fixed-point theorem as well as pertinent contraction mapping argument. Numerical examples are provided to complement the analytical results. C1 [Zhou, Xinyang; Tian, Jie; Chen, Lijun] Univ Colorado, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dall'Anese, Emiliano] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhou, XY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM xinyang.zhou@colorado.edu; tianliudou@gmail.com; lijun.chen@colorado.edu; emiliano.dallanese@nrel.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-5090-3270-9 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2016 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4ZY UT WOS:000389280900109 ER PT S AU Centers, G Smith, BV Yashchuk, VV AF Centers, Gary Smith, Brian V. Yashchuk, Valeriy V. BE Assoufid, L Ohashi, H Asundi, AK TI New operational mode of the pencil beam interferometry based LTP SO Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics VI CY AUG 29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; optical metrology; surface slope profilometry; LTP; pencil beam interferometry; error reduction; calibration ID LONG TRACE PROFILER; MEASURING MACHINE; SURFACES; AUTOCOLLIMATOR AB The advent of fully coherent free electron laser and diffraction limited synchrotron storage ring sources of x-rays is catalyzing the development of new ultra-high accuracy metrology methods. To fully exploit the potential of these sources, metrology needs to be capable of determining the figure of an optical element with sub-nanometer height accuracy. Currently, the two most prevalent slope measuring instruments used for characterization of x-ray optics are the auto-collimator based nanometer optical measuring device (NOM) and the long trace profiler (LTP) using pencil beam interferometry. These devices have been consistently improved upon by the x-ray optics metrology community, but appear to be approaching their metrological limits. Here, we consider a novel operational mode for the LTP. The fundamental measuring principle of the LTP is reviewed, and a suggested mode of operation is analytically derived. This mode of operation leads to significant suppression of the instrumental systematic errors. Via cross-comparison measurement with the LTP in old and new modes, the performance of the profiler in the new mode is investigated. We also discuss potential areas of further development, including the possibility for local curvature measurement. C1 [Centers, Gary; Smith, Brian V.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vvyashchuk@lbl.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0315-8; 978-1-5106-0316-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9962 AR UNSP 996202 DI 10.1117/12.2238298 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BG5IJ UT WOS:000389505400001 ER PT S AU Yashchuk, VV Centers, G Tyurin, YN Tyurina, A AF Yashchuk, Valeriy V. Centers, Gary Tyurin, Yury N. Tyurina, Anastasia BE Assoufid, L Ohashi, H Asundi, AK TI Modeling surface topography of state-of-the-art x-ray mirrors as a result of stochastic polishing process: recent developments SO Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Metrology for X-Ray and EUV Optics VI CY AUG 29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Surface metrology; time-invariant linear filter; parametrization; point spread function; modulation transfer function; power spectral density; metrology of x-ray optics; calibration ID ARRAYS AB Recently, an original method for the statistical modeling of surface topography of state-of-the-art mirrors for usage in x-ray optical systems at light source facilities and for astronomical telescopes [Opt. Eng. 51(4), 046501, 2012; ibid. 53(8), 084102 (2014); and ibid. 55(7), 074106 (2016)] has been developed. In modeling, the mirror surface topography is considered to be a result of a stationary uniform stochastic polishing process and the best fit time-invariant linear filter (TILF) that optimally parameterizes, with limited number of parameters, the polishing process is determined. The TILF model allows the surface slope profile of an optic with a newly desired specification to be reliably forecast before fabrication. With the forecast data, representative numerical evaluations of expected performance of the prospective mirrors in optical systems under development become possible [ Opt. Eng., 54(2), 025108 (2015)]. Here, we suggest and demonstrate an analytical approach for accounting the imperfections of the used metrology instruments, which are described by the instrumental point spread function, in the TILF modeling. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated with numerical simulations for correction of measurements performed with an autocollimator based surface slope profiler. Besides solving this major metrological problem, the results of the present work open an avenue for developing analytical and computational tools for stitching data in the statistical domain, obtained using multiple metrology instruments measuring significantly different bandwidths of spatial wavelengths. C1 [Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Centers, Gary] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tyurin, Yury N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, 1 Leninskiye Gory St, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Tyurin, Yury N.; Tyurina, Anastasia] Second Star Algonumerix, 19 West St, Needham, MA 02494 USA. RP Yashchuk, VV (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM VVYashchuk@lbl.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0315-8; 978-1-5106-0316-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9962 AR UNSP 99620G DI 10.1117/12.2238260 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BG5IJ UT WOS:000389505400009 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI Bogliubov-de Gennes Equations for Superconductors in the Continuum Model SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; P-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; DIMENSIONS; PAIRS; GAS AB In this chapter, a general introduction to the correlated electronic materials as well as a brief account of superconductor discovery is given. The Bogoliubovde Gennes equations for superconductors are derived in the continuum. The symmetry of the equations is discussed. Finally, a connection of the BdG equations to the Green's function method is made. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP 3 EP 36 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 34 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800002 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI Bogoliubov-de Gennes Method and Its Applications Preface SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP V EP VI D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800001 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI BdG Equations in Tight-Binding Model SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPERFLUID DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTORS; IMPURITY AB In this chapter, I give an alternative derivation of the Bogoliubovde Gennes equations for superconductors. It is based on a tight-binding model. A general symmetry of the equations is discussed. A few physically measurable quantities are derived in terms of the BdG eigenfunctions. The solutions to the BdG equations in the uniform case are provided. Finally, I also make its connection to the lattice Abrikosov-Gorkov equations. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP 37 EP 65 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 29 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800003 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI Local Electronic Structure Around a Single Impurity in Superconductors SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSITION-METAL IMPURITIES; T-J MODEL; MAJORANA FERMIONS; NONMAGNETIC IMPURITY; RESONANT STATES; BOUND-STATES; PARTICLE; SCATTERING; NANOWIRE AB In this chapter, I am going to discuss the local electronic structure around a single impurity. Both the nonmagnetic and magnetic impurity scattering in conventional s-wave and unconventional d-wave superconductors will be considered. The local electron density of states and the existence of impurity bound or virtual bound states will be explored. The possible realization of Majorana zero-energy modes is discussed for the case of electrons coupled to a spin chain in an s-wave superconductor. These results have a direct relevance to the STM measurements. The results will also be compared with the T-matrix method. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP 69 EP 88 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 20 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800004 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI Disorder Effects on Electronic and Transport Properties in Superconductors SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEAVY-FERMION SUPERCONDUCTORS; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE PENETRATION DEPTH; RESONANT IMPURITY SCATTERING; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SCALING THEORY; SYMMETRY; LOCALIZATION; SUPPRESSION AB In this chapter, we discuss the disorder effects. The disorder comprises of a distribution of nonmagnetic impurities. As such, ensemble averaged effects will be relevant. We focus on the suppression of superconductivity by considering the response of superconducting order parameter, transition temperature, and superfluid density in both s-wave and d-wave superconductors. Finally, we also discuss the localization/delocalization of gapless quasiparticles in a disordered d-wave superconductor within a single-parameter scaling approach. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP 89 EP 109 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800005 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI Local Electronic Structure in Superconductors Under a Magnetic Field SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DANS LES SUPRACONDUCTEURS; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; II SUPERCONDUCTOR; VORTEX-CORE; QUASI-PARTICLES; MIXED-STATE; OSCILLATIONS; EXCITATIONS; SPECTRUM AB In this chapter, the calculation of local electronic structure in the presence of magnetic field is discussed. It starts with the continuum theory for a single vortex and proceeds to the lattice version for the vortex lattices in both conventional s-wave and unconventional d-wave superconductors. A generalization of the BdG formulation for a topological superconductor will be briefly explored. For high-T-c cuprates, the local induction of competing order around a magnetic vortex core is examined. Finally, the Zeeman-field induced FFLO superconducting state is also analyzed in depth. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP 111 EP 139 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 29 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800006 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI Transport Across Normal-Metal/Superconductor Junctions SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YBA2CU3O7 TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; QUASI-PARTICLE TRANSPORT; D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INTERMEDIATE STATE; ANDREEV REFLECTION; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; QUANTUM TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; CONDUCTANCE AB In this chapter, transport properties in hybrid structures involving a superconductor are discussed. The transport quantities are expressed in terms of reflection coefficients within the framework of the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk theory. These coefficients are evaluated in the scattering theory. The enhancement of conductance from Andreev reflection process is revealed, and its suppression due to the spin polarization is examined. Finally, the possible revelation of chiral Majorana modes through the tunneling differential conductance in a normal-metalferromagnetic insulator-s-wave superconductor junction is discussed. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 64 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP 141 EP 167 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800007 ER PT S AU Zhu, JX AF Zhu, Jian-Xin BA Zhu, JX BF Zhu, JX TI Topological and Quantum Size Effects in Superconductors at Reduced Length Scale SO Bogoliubov-De Gennes Method and Its Applications SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTIZED MAGNETIC FLUX; CYLINDERS; SINGLE; LOOPS AB The periodicity of persistent currents in multiply connected geometries arising from the Aharonov and Bohm effect is studied for both s-wave superconducting ring and d-wave superconducting cylinder. The loop geometry of a d-wave superconductor is also considered. The solutions of the BdG equations suggest that the hc / e-periodicity is a generic property in s-wave superconductor ring at the mesoscale and in unconventional superconductors. Finally, the theoretical approach to solving the BdG equations is also provided for nanoscale superconductors. The quantum size effects are showcased with the oscillation of transition temperature. C1 [Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Zhu, JX (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B262, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-319-31314-6; 978-3-319-31312-2 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2016 VL 924 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-31314-6 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BG4ZI UT WOS:000389275800008 ER PT J AU Wu, Z Wegener, EC Tseng, HT Gallagher, JR Harris, JW Diaz, RE Ren, Y Ribeiro, FH Miller, JT AF Wu, Zhenwei Wegener, Evan C. Tseng, Han-Ting Gallagher, James R. Harris, James W. Diaz, Rosa E. Ren, Yang Ribeiro, Fabio H. Miller, Jeffrey T. TI Pd-In intermetallic alloy nanoparticles: highly selective ethane dehydrogenation catalysts SO Catalysis Science & Technology LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTED PD; X-RAY; PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION; ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION; ETHYLENE ADSORPTION; PALLADIUM; METHANOL; ZN; PT/MG(IN)(AL)O; SPECTROSCOPY AB Silica supported Pd and Pd-In catalysts with different In : Pd atomic ratios and similar particle size (similar to 2 nm) were tested for ethane dehydrogenation at 600 degrees C. For a monometallic Pd catalyst, at 15% conversion, the dehydrogenation selectivity and initial turnover rate (TOR, per surface Pd site) were 53% and 0.03 s(-1), respectively. Addition of In to Pd increased the dehydrogenation selectivity to near 100% and the initial TOR to 0.26 s(-1). Carbon monoxide IR, in situ synchrotron XAS and XRD analysis showed that for Pd-In catalysts with increasing In loading, different bimetallic structures were formed: at low In loading a fraction of the nanoparticle surface was transformed into PdIn intermetallic compound (IMC, also known as intermetallic alloy) with a cubic CsCl structure; at higher In loading, a Pd-core/PdIn-shell structure was formed and at high In loading the nanoparticles were pure PdIn IMC. While a Pd metal surface binds CO predominantly in a bridge fashion, the PdIn IMC predominantly binds CO linearly. Formation of the PdIn IMC structure on the catalyst surface geometrically isolates the Pd catalytic sites by non-catalytic, metallic In neigh-bors, which is suggested to be responsible for the high olefin selectivity. Concomitant electronic effect due to Pd-In bond formation likely leads to the increase in TOR. Though multiple IMC structures with different atomic ratios are possible for the Pd-In binary system, only a cubic PdIn IMC with CsCl structure was observed, implying a kinetically controlled solid state IMC formation mechanism. C1 [Wu, Zhenwei; Wegener, Evan C.; Tseng, Han-Ting; Harris, James W.; Ribeiro, Fabio H.; Miller, Jeffrey T.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 480 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gallagher, James R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Diaz, Rosa E.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, 1205 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, JT (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 480 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mill1194@purdue.edu FU School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University; Kirk Endowment Exploratory Research Recharge Grant; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Energy; MRCAT FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University and a Kirk Endowment Exploratory Research Recharge Grant and use of Electron Microscopy facility at Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. MRCAT operations, beamline 10-BM, are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. The authors also acknowledge the use of beamline 11-ID-C. We thank Yanran Cui for experimental assistance on CO chemisorption analysis and Atish Parekh together with Arthur Shih for experimental assistance on AAS analysis. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 18 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-4753 EI 2044-4761 J9 CATAL SCI TECHNOL JI Catal. Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 18 BP 6965 EP 6976 DI 10.1039/c6cy00491a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EE2SQ UT WOS:000389435000002 ER PT J AU Passalacqua, R Parathoner, S Centi, G Halder, A Tyo, EC Yang, B Seifert, S Vajda, S AF Passalacqua, Rosalba Parathoner, Siglinda Centi, Gabriele Halder, Avik Tyo, Eric C. Yang, Bing Seifert, Sonke Vajda, Stefan TI Electrochemical behaviour of naked sub-nanometre sized copper clusters and effect of CO2 SO CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR FUELS; METAL-CLUSTERS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PEC CELLS; IN-SITU; REDUCTION; CONVERSION; METHANOL; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODES AB The study of the electrochemical behavior (in the presence of N-2 or CO2) of size-controlled naked Cu-5 and Cu-20 nanoclusters, prepared using a combination of gas-phase cluster ion sources, mass spectrometry, and soft-landing techniques, evidences some relevant results regarding the redox behavior of these sub-nanometre sized copper particles and the effect of CO2 on them. Cu-20 nanoclusters show anodic redox processes occurring at much lower potential with respect to Cu-5 nanoclusters, which behave relatively similar to much larger Cu particles. However, Cu-5 nanoclusters coordinate effectively CO2 (hydrogen carbonate) in solution, different from Cu-20 nanoclusters and larger Cu particles. This effect, rather than the redox behavior, is apparently connected to the ability of Cu-5 nanoclusters to reduce CO2 under cathodic conditions at low overpotential. Although preliminary, these results provide rather exciting indications on the possibility of realizing low overpotential electrocatalytic conversion of CO2. C1 [Passalacqua, Rosalba; Parathoner, Siglinda; Centi, Gabriele] Univ Messina, Dept Chem Biol Pharmaceut & Environm Sci, ERIC Aisbl, Dept Math & Comp Sci,Phys Sci & Earth Sci, Vle Stagno Alcontres 31, I-98166 Sant Agata Di Messina, Italy. [Passalacqua, Rosalba; Parathoner, Siglinda; Centi, Gabriele] Univ Messina, CASPE, INSTM Lab Catal Sustainable Prod & Energy, Vle Stagno Alcontres 31, I-98166 Sant Agata Di Messina, Italy. [Halder, Avik; Tyo, Eric C.; Yang, Bing; Seifert, Sonke; Vajda, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Xray Sci Div, Nanosci & Technol Div, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vajda, Stefan] Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Vajda, Stefan] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Parathoner, S (reprint author), Univ Messina, Dept Chem Biol Pharmaceut & Environm Sci, ERIC Aisbl, Dept Math & Comp Sci,Phys Sci & Earth Sci, Vle Stagno Alcontres 31, I-98166 Sant Agata Di Messina, Italy.; Parathoner, S (reprint author), Univ Messina, CASPE, INSTM Lab Catal Sustainable Prod & Energy, Vle Stagno Alcontres 31, I-98166 Sant Agata Di Messina, Italy. EM perathon@unime.it FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC-02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC-02-06CH11357] FX A. H., E. C. T., B. Y., and S. V. acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract No. DE-AC-02-06CH11357. The GIXANES experiments were carried out at the 12-ID-C beam line of the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory. The use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract No. DE-AC-02-06CH11357. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 12 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-4753 EI 2044-4761 J9 CATAL SCI TECHNOL JI Catal. Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 18 BP 6977 EP 6985 DI 10.1039/c6cy00942e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EE2SQ UT WOS:000389435000001 ER PT J AU Multari, NJ Singhal, A Manz, D AF Multari, Nicholas J. Singhal, Anoop Manz, David GP ACM TI SafeConfig'16-Testing and Evaluation for Active and Resilient Cyber Systems SO CCS'16: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2016 ACM SIGSAC CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) CY OCT 24-28, 2016 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Assoc Comp Machinery, ACM Special Interest Grp Secur Audit & Control DE SafeConfig; Testing; Validation; Security; Resilience; cyber; testbeds; metrics; cyber experimentation; science of cybersecurity AB The premise of this year's SafeConfig Workshop is existing tools and methods for security assessments are necessary but insufficient for scientifically rigorous testing and evaluation of resilient and active cyber systems. The objective for this workshop is the exploration and discussion of scientifically sound testing regimen(s) that will continuously and dynamically probe, attack, and "test" the various resilient and active technologies. This adaptation and change in focus necessitates at the very least modification, and potentially, wholesale new developments to ensure that resilient-and agile-aware security testing is available to the research community. All testing, validation and experimentation must also be repeatable, reproducible, subject to scientific scrutiny, measurable and meaningful to both researchers and practitioners. C1 [Multari, Nicholas J.; Manz, David] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Multari, NJ (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM nick.multari@pnnl.gov; anoop.singhal@nist.gov; david.manz@pnnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-4139-4 PY 2016 BP 1871 EP 1872 DI 10.1145/2976749.2990485 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BG2ZW UT WOS:000387820900119 ER PT J AU Kroupa, DM Anderson, NC Castaneda, CV Nozik, AJ Beard, MC AF Kroupa, D. M. Anderson, N. C. Castaneda, C. V. Nozik, A. J. Beard, M. C. TI In situ spectroscopic characterization of a solution-phase X-type ligand exchange at colloidal lead sulphide quantum dot surfaces SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALS; CHEMISTRY AB We employed quantitative NMR spectroscopy and spectrophotometric absorbance titration to study a quantum dot X-type ligand exchange reaction. We find that the exchange is highly cooperative, where at low extents of exchange the change in free energy of the reaction, Delta G(XC), is similar to 11 kJ mol(-1) while at higher extents of exchange Delta G(XC) saturates to similar to -4 kJ mol(-1). A modified Fowler binding isotherm is developed to describe the reaction. C1 [Kroupa, D. M.; Anderson, N. C.; Castaneda, C. V.; Nozik, A. J.; Beard, M. C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Nanosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kroupa, D. M.; Nozik, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Beard, MC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Nanosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM matt.beard@nrel.gov OI Anderson, Nicholas/0000-0001-8161-5303 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science within the US Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) under the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program FX D. M. K., N. C. A., and M. C. B. respectfully acknowledge support through the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science within the US Department of Energy through contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. C. V. C. acknowledges support by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) under the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship (SULI) program. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 96 BP 13893 EP 13896 DI 10.1039/c6cc08114b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EE1KB UT WOS:000389339100011 PM 27841383 ER PT B AU Strand, DD Fisher, N Kramer, DM AF Strand, Deserah D. Fisher, Nicholas Kramer, David M. BE Kirchhoff, H TI Distinct Energetics and Regulatory Functions of the Two Major Cyclic Electron Flow Pathways in Chloroplasts SO CHLOROPLASTS: CURRENT RESEARCH AND FUTURE TRENDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CYTOCHROME B(6)F COMPLEX; FERREDOXIN-PLASTOQUINONE REDUCTASE; PLASTID NDH COMPLEX; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; RESPIRATORY COMPLEX; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; PROTON GRADIENT; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; LIGHT REACTIONS; HIGHER-PLANTS AB The output of the light reactions of photosynthesis, i.e. ATP and NADPH, must be finely controlled to meet the varying metabolic demands of the plant. Deleterious side reactions, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can occur if this balance is not maintained. In this chapter, we review recent advances in understanding of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF), a process that evolved to correct for such energy imbalances. CEF in higher plants has been proposed to function primarily through two pathways: the ferredoxin:plastoquinone reductase (FQR) and the NADPH dehydrogenase complex (NDH). Because these pathways appear to support the same function, they are often thought to be redundant. However, it was recently shown that the NDH complex is a type I proton pumping quinone reductase, making the complex a more efficient route for ATP generation via CEF than the FQR. In addition, these pathways are differentially regulated, the FQR through chloroplast redox status, and the NDH thermodynamically and, in part, by hydrogen peroxide. These observations imply that the two pathways are distinct in terms of their energetics and regulation and thus it is clear that the FQR and the NDH work under different conditions to provide with rapid or efficient energy balancing of the chloroplast. Specifically, we suggest a CEF model in which the FQR is rapidly activated to restore balance when an ATP deficit leads to a build-up of reducing power in the stroma, and the NDH activated when a prolonged deficit leads to closure of the PSI acceptor side with associated ROS production. C1 [Strand, Deserah D.] Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, Potsdam, Germany. [Fisher, Nicholas; Kramer, David M.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Strand, DD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Mol Pflanzenphysiol, Potsdam, Germany. EM strand@mpimp-qolm.mpg.de; nefisher@msu.edu; kramerd8@msu.edu NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910190-47-0 PY 2016 BP 89 EP 100 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BG3MM UT WOS:000388045200004 ER PT S AU Mundhenk, TN Konjevod, G Sakla, WA Boakye, K AF Mundhenk, T. Nathan Konjevod, Goran Sakla, Wesam A. Boakye, Kofi BE Leibe, B Matas, J Sebe, N Welling, M TI A Large Contextual Dataset for Classification, Detection and Counting of Cars with Deep Learning SO COMPUTER VISION - ECCV 2016, PT III SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) CY OCT 08-16, 2016 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Deep; Learning; CNN; COWC; Context; Cars; Automobile; Classification; Detection; Counting AB We have created a large diverse set of cars from overhead images (Data sets, annotations, networks and scripts are available from http://gdo-datasci.ucllnl.org/cowc/), which are useful for training a deep learner to binary classify, detect and count them. The dataset and all related material will be made publically available. The set contains contextual matter to aid in identification of difficult targets. We demonstrate classification and detection on this dataset using a neural network we call ResCeption. This network combines residual learning with Inception-style layers and is used to count cars in one look. This is a new way to count objects rather than by localization or density estimation. It is fairly accurate, fast and easy to implement. Additionally, the counting method is not car or scene specific. It would be easy to train this method to count other kinds of objects and counting over new scenes requires no extra set up or assumptions about object locations. C1 [Mundhenk, T. Nathan; Konjevod, Goran; Sakla, Wesam A.; Boakye, Kofi] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mundhenk, TN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mundhenk1@llnl.gov; konjevod1@llnl.gov; sakla1@llnl.gov; kaboakye@gmail.com NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-46487-9; 978-3-319-46486-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9907 BP 785 EP 800 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-46487-9_48 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BG5DH UT WOS:000389384800048 ER PT S AU Johnson-Freyd, P Hulette, GC Ariola, ZM AF Johnson-Freyd, Philip Hulette, Geoffrey C. Ariola, Zena M. BE TerBeek, MH Gnesi, S Knapp, A TI Verification by Way of Refinement: A Case Study in the Use of Coq and TLA in the Design of a Safety Critical System SO Critical Systems: Formal Methods and Automated Verification SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint 21st International Workshop on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS) / 16th International Workshop on Automated Verification of Critical Systems (AVoCS) CY SEP 26-28, 2016 CL Pisa, ITALY SP European Res Consortium Informat & Math, Formal Methods Europe, Springer Intl Publishing AG ID SPECIFICATIONS AB Sandia engineers use the Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) early in the design process for digital systems where safety considerations are critical. TLA allows us to easily build models of interactive systems and prove (in the mathematical sense) that those models can never violate safety requirements, all in a single formal language. TLA models can also be refined, that is, extended by adding details in a carefully prescribed way, such that the additional details do not break the original model. Our experience suggests that engineers using refinement can build, maintain, and prove safety for designs that are significantly more complex than they otherwise could. We illustrate the way in which we have used TLA, including refinement, with a case study drawn from a real safety-critical system. This case exposes a need for refinement by composition, which is not currently provided by TLA. We have extended TLA to support this kind of refinement by building a specialized version of it in the Coq theorem prover. Taking advantage of Coq's features, our version of TLA exhibits other benefits over stock TLA: we can prove certain difficult kinds of safety properties using mathematical induction, and we can certify the correctness of our proofs. C1 [Johnson-Freyd, Philip; Ariola, Zena M.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Hulette, Geoffrey C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Johnson-Freyd, P (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM philipjf@cs.uoregon.edu; ghulett@sandia.gov; ariola@cs.uoregon.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45943-1; 978-3-319-45942-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9933 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45943-1_14 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4XA UT WOS:000389230800014 ER PT S AU Tang, PB Zhang, C Yilmaz, A Cooke, N Boring, RL Chasey, A Vaughn, T Jones, S Gupta, A Buchanan, V AF Tang, Pingbo Zhang, Cheng Yilmaz, Alper Cooke, Nancy Boring, Ronald Laurids Chasey, Allan Vaughn, Timothy Jones, Samuel Gupta, Ashish Buchanan, Verica BE Duffy, VG TI Automatic Imagery Data Analysis for Diagnosing Human Factors in the Outage of a Nuclear Plant SO Digital Human Modeling: Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Digital Human Modeling held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Human factors; Computer vision; Construction automation; Project control; Nuclear plant AB Nuclear power plant (NPP) outages involve maintenance and repair activities of a large number of workers in limited workspaces, while having tight schedules and zero-tolerance for accidents. During an outage, thousands of workers will be working around the NPP. Extremely high outage costs and expensive delays in maintenance projects (around $1.5 million per day) require tight outage schedules (typically 20 days). In such packed workspaces, real-time human behavior monitoring is critical for ensuring safe collaboration among workers, minimal wastes of time and resources due to the lack of situational awareness, and timely project control. Current methods for detailed human behavior monitoring on construction sites rely on manual imagery data collection and analysis, which is tedious and error-prone. This paper presents a framework of automatic imagery data analysis that enables real-time detection and diagnosis of anomalous human behaviors during outages, through the integration of 4D construction simulation and object tracking algorithms. C1 [Tang, Pingbo; Zhang, Cheng; Chasey, Allan] Arizona State Univ, E Webb Sch Construct, Tempe, AZ USA. [Yilmaz, Alper; Gupta, Ashish] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH USA. [Cooke, Nancy; Buchanan, Verica] Arizona State Univ, Human Syst Engn Program, Mesa, AZ USA. [Boring, Ronald Laurids] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Vaughn, Timothy; Jones, Samuel] Palo Verde Nucl Generating Stn, Tonopah, AZ USA. RP Tang, PB (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, E Webb Sch Construct, Tempe, AZ USA. EM tangpingbo@asu.edu; czhan139@asu.edu; yilmaz.15@osu.edu; Nancy.Cooke@asu.edu; ronald.boring@inl.gov; achasey@asu.edu; Timothy.Vaughn@aps.com; Samuel.Jones@aps.com; gupta.637@osu.edu; Verica.Buchanan@asu.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-40247-5; 978-3-319-40246-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9745 BP 604 EP 615 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-40247-5_61 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG5FL UT WOS:000389461600061 ER PT S AU Desjarlais, A Johnston, D AF Desjarlais, Andre Johnston, David BE Nelson, PE Egan, B TI Energy and Moisture Impact of Exterior Insulation and Finish System Walls in the United States SO Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS): Performance, Progress, and Innovation SE American Society for Testing and Materials Selected Technical Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems: Performance, Progress, and Innovation CY OCT 05-06, 2014 CL New Orleans, LA SP ASTM Int DE energy efficiency; moisture; exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS); durability AB This paper summarizes a family of computer simulations undertaken to assess the hygrothermal performance of exterior insulation finish systems, and it discusses the validation of this simulation model prior to its use. This research deals with performance evaluation of selected wall systems in all eight International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) U.S. climate zones. The performance ranges are representative of generic exterior insulation and finish wall systems but not of a specific manufactured product. A comparison was performed among three different exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) walls and a brick wall system. Two steps were required to perform this work. The first step required the model validation of eight distinct wall systems previously measured in Charleston, SC. The validation was performed using WUFI-ORNL (Version 5) software, and a comparison of the measured versus simulated results from these wall systems indicated that the simulation model accurately captured the hygrothermal response of the wall systems. The second step was to simulate four wall systems in the eight climate zones. Each wall system was modeled with and without a vapor retarder and with and without a "leak." For this study, a leak is defined as the percentage of rainwater that strikes a wall's facade and that is assumed to get past the cladding as well as the water-resistive barrier and into the exterior sheathing. All of the simulations followed the recommendations prescribed in ASHRAE Standard 160, Design Criteria for Moisture Control in Buildings. Two specific criteria were extracted from the simulations to assess the hygrothermal properties of the wall systems. The average monthly heat flow into the building interior was used to evaluate the energy efficiency, and the average monthly moisture content of the exterior sheathings was studied to measure the moisture performance of the wall systems. C1 [Desjarlais, Andre] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Johnston, David] EIFS Ind Members Assoc, 513 W Broad St,210, Falls Church, VA 22046 USA. RP Desjarlais, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7615-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2016 VL 1585 BP 52 EP 66 DI 10.1520/STP158520140097 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA BG4TZ UT WOS:000389160600004 ER PT S AU Trumbo, MC Armenta, ML Haass, MJ Butler, KM Jones, AP Robinson, CSH AF Trumbo, Michael C. Armenta, Mikaela L. Haass, Michael J. Butler, Karin M. Jones, Aaron P. Robinson, Charles S. H. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Real Time Assessment of Cognitive State: Research and Implementation Challenges SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, Pt II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (AC) held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HIC International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Cognitive state; Real time; Eye tracking; Attention ID SCENE PERCEPTION; EYE-MOVEMENTS; EEG INDEXES; TRACKING; MEMORY; CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION; INFORMATION; HUMANS; FMRI AB Inferring the cognitive state of an individual in real time during task performance allows for implementation of corrective measures prior to the occurrence of an error. Current technology allows for real time cognitive state assessment based on objective physiological data though techniques such as neuroimaging and eye tracking. Although early results indicate effective construction of classifiers that distinguish between cognitive states in real time is a possibility in some settings, implementation of these classifiers into real world settings poses a number of challenges. Cognitive states of interest must be sufficiently distinct to allow for continuous discrimination in the operational environment using technology that is currently available as well as practical to implement. C1 [Trumbo, Michael C.; Armenta, Mikaela L.; Haass, Michael J.; Butler, Karin M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Jones, Aaron P.; Robinson, Charles S. H.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Trumbo, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mctrumb@sandia.gov; mlarmen@sandia.gov; mjhaass@sandia.gov; kbutle@sandia.gov; aaronjones@unm.edu; charob@unm.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-39952-2; 978-3-319-39951-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9744 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_12 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BG5DP UT WOS:000389409800012 ER PT S AU Boring, R Ulrich, T Lew, R AF Boring, Ronald Ulrich, Thomas Lew, Roger BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI RevealFlow: A Process Control Visualization Framework SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, Pt II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (AC) held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HIC International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Process control; Distributed control system; Control room; Change detection; Computerized operator support system ID ECOLOGICAL INTERFACE DESIGN AB In this paper we describe current and historic permutations of control room technology and describe a new set of design principles for digitally displaying process control parameters. The design principles focus on helping operators effectively monitor changes during process control. The change detection approach is called RevealFlow and is illustrated in the context of the Computerized Operator Support System currently being developed for nuclear power plant control rooms. C1 [Boring, Ronald] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Ulrich, Thomas; Lew, Roger] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Boring, R (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ronald.boring@inl.gov; ulrich@uidaho.edu; rogerlew@vandals.uidaho.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-39952-2; 978-3-319-39951-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9744 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_15 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BG5DP UT WOS:000389409800015 ER PT S AU Adams, SS Haass, MJ Matzen, LE King, S AF Adams, Susan Stevens Haass, Michael J. Matzen, Laura E. King, Saskia BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Assessment of Expert Interaction with Multivariate Time Series 'Big Data' SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, Pt II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (AC) held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HIC International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Big data; Eye tracking; Evaluation study; Knowledge elicitation AB 'Big data' is a phrase that has gained much traction recently. It has been defined as 'a broad term for data sets so large or complex that traditional data processing applications are inadequate and there are challenges with analysis, searching and visualization' [1]. Many domains struggle with providing experts accurate visualizations of massive data sets so that the experts can understand and make decisions about the data e. g., [2, 3, 4, 5]. Abductive reasoning is the process of forming a conclusion that best explains observed facts and this type of reasoning plays an important role in process and product engineering. Throughout a production lifecycle, engineers will test subsystems for critical functions and use the test results to diagnose and improve production processes. This paper describes a value-driven evaluation study [7] for expert analyst interactions with big data for a complex visual abductive reasoning task. Participants were asked to perform different tasks using a new tool, while eye tracking data of their interactions with the tool was collected. The participants were also asked to give their feedback and assessments regarding the usability of the tool. The results showed that the interactive nature of the new tool allowed the participants to gain new insights into their data sets, and all participants indicated that they would begin using the tool in its current state. C1 [Adams, Susan Stevens; Haass, Michael J.; Matzen, Laura E.; King, Saskia] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adams, SS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smsteve@sandia.gov; mjhaass@sandia.gov; lematze@sandia.gov; shking@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-39952-2; 978-3-319-39951-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9744 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_22 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BG5DP UT WOS:000389409800022 ER PT S AU Wilson, AT Rintoul, MD Valicka, CG AF Wilson, Andrew T. Rintoul, Mark D. Valicka, Christopher G. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Exploratory Trajectory Clustering with Distance Geometry SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, Pt II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (AC) held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HIC International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA ID MODELS AB We present here an example of how a large, multi-dimensional unstructured data set, namely aircraft trajectories over the United States, can be analyzed using relatively straightforward unsupervised learning techniques. We begin by adding a rough structure to the trajectory data using the notion of distance geometry. This provides a very generic structure to the data that allows it to be indexed as an n-dimensional vector. We then do a clustering based on the HDBSCAN algorithm to both group flights with similar shapes and find outliers that have a relatively unique shape. Next, we expand the notion of geometric features to more specialized features and demonstrate the power of these features to solve specific problems. Finally, we highlight not just the power of the technique but also the speed and simplicity of the implementation by demonstrating them on very large data sets. C1 [Wilson, Andrew T.; Rintoul, Mark D.; Valicka, Christopher G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, AT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM atwilso@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-39952-2; 978-3-319-39951-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9744 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_26 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BG5DP UT WOS:000389409800026 ER PT S AU Martin, S Quach, TT AF Martin, Shawn Quach, Tu-Toan BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Interactive Visualization of Multivariate Time Series Data SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, Pt II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (AC) held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HIC International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Multivariate time series; Multidimensional scaling; Interactive visualization; Slycat AB Organizing multivariate time series data for presentation to an analyst is a challenging task. Typically, a dataset contains hundreds or thousands of datapoints, and each datapoint consists of dozens of time series measurements. Analysts are interested in how the datapoints are related, which measurements drive trends and/or produce clusters, and how the clusters are related to available metadata. In addition, interest in particular time series measurements will change depending on what the analyst is trying to understand about the dataset. Rather than providing a monolithic single use machine learning solution, we have developed a system that encourages analyst interaction. This system, Dial-A-Cluster (DAC), uses multidimensional scaling to provide a visualization of the datapoints depending on distance measures provided for each time series. The analyst can interactively adjust (dial) the relative influence of each time series to change the visualization (and resulting clusters). Additional computations are provided which optimize the visualization according to metadata of interest and rank time series measurements according to their influence on analyst selected clusters. The DAC system is a plug-in for Slycat (slycat.readthedocs.org), a framework which provides a web server, database, and Python infrastructure. The DAC web application allows an analyst to keep track of multiple datasets and interact with each as described above. It requires no installation, runs on any platform, and enables analyst collaboration. We anticipate an open source release in the near future. C1 [Martin, Shawn; Quach, Tu-Toan] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smartin@sandia.gov; ttquach@sandia.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-39952-2; 978-3-319-39951-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9744 BP 322 EP 332 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_31 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BG5DP UT WOS:000389409800031 ER PT S AU McClain, JT Avina, GE Trumbo, D Kittinger, R AF McClain, Jonathan T. Avina, Glory Emmanuel Trumbo, Derek Kittinger, Robert BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Improving Analysis and Decision-Making Through Intelligent Web Crawling SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, Pt II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (AC) held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HIC International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Text analytics; Intelligent web crawling; Decision making; Cognitive consistency AB Analysts across national security domains are required to sift through large amounts of data to find and compile relevant information in a form that enables decision makers to take action in high-consequence scenarios. However, even the most experienced analysts are unable to be 100 % consistent and accurate based on the entire dataset, unbiased towards familiar documentation, and are unable to synthesize and process large amounts of information in a small amount of time. Sandia National Laboratories has attempted to solve this problem by developing an intelligent web crawler called Huntsman. Huntsman acts as a personal research assistant by browsing the internet or offline datasets in a way similar to the human search process, only much faster (millions of documents per day), by submitting queries to search engines and assessing the usefulness of page results through analysis of full-page content with a suite of text analytics. This paper will discuss Huntsman's capability to both mirror and enhance human analysts using intelligent web crawling with analysts-in-the-loop. The goal is to demonstrate how weaknesses in human cognitive processing can be compensated for by fusing human processes with text analytics and web crawling systems, which ultimately reduces analysts' cognitive burden and increases mission effectiveness. C1 [McClain, Jonathan T.; Avina, Glory Emmanuel; Trumbo, Derek; Kittinger, Robert] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McClain, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jtmccl@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-39952-2; 978-3-319-39951-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9744 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_40 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BG5DP UT WOS:000389409800040 ER PT S AU Silva, AR Avina, GE Tsao, JY AF Silva, Austin R. Avina, Glory E. Tsao, Jeffrey Y. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI The Art of Research: Opportunities for a Science-Based Approach SO Foundations of Augmented Cognition: Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience, Pt II SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (AC) held as part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HIC International) CY JUL 17-22, 2016 CL Toronto, CANADA DE Research; Divergent thinking; Convergent thinking; Science of science; Creativity; Analogical distance; Research narrative; Scientometrics; Data analytics; Research teams; Research ecosystem ID CONVERGENT AB Research, the manufacture of knowledge, is currently practiced largely as an "art,"not a "science." Just as science (understanding) and technology (tools) have revolutionized the manufacture of other goods and services, it is natural, perhaps inevitable, that they will ultimately also be applied to the manufacture of knowledge. In this article, we present an emerging perspective on opportunities for such application, at three different levels of the research enterprise. At the cognitive science level of the individual researcher, opportunities include: overcoming idea fixation and sloppy thinking, and balancing divergent and convergent thinking. At the social network level of the research team, opportunities include: overcoming strong links and groupthink, and optimally distributing divergent and convergent thinking between individuals and teams. At the research ecosystem level of the research institution and the larger national and international community of researchers, opportunities include: overcoming performance fixation, overcoming narrow measures of research impact, and overcoming (or harnessing) existential/social stress. C1 [Silva, Austin R.; Avina, Glory E.; Tsao, Jeffrey Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Silva, AR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM aussilv@sandia.gov NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-39952-2; 978-3-319-39951-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2016 VL 9744 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-39952-2_42 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics; Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA BG5DP UT WOS:000389409800042 ER PT S AU Abichou, T Kormi, T Marsh, A Wang, C AF Abichou, Tarek Kormi, Tarek Marsh, Aidan Wang, Cheng BE De, A Reddy, KR Yesiller, N Zekkos, D Farid, A TI Phytocaps for Landfill Emission Reduction in Australia SO Geo-Chicago 2016: Sustainable Geoenvironmental Systems SE Geotechnical Special Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Geo-Chicago Conference - Sustainability, Energy, and the Environment (Geo-Chicago) CY AUG 14-18, 2016 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst ID METHANE OXIDATION; SOILS AB Phytocaps are vegetated soil landfill covers that are designed primarily to reduce the drainage of rain water into the waste through water balance mechanisms instead of the resistive mechanism employed by conventional landfill caps. The potential superior capability of phytocaps to reduce fugitive release of methane to the atmosphere can encourage their use in Australia and elsewhere. A multiphase transport model was used to study and characterize the methane oxidation potential of phytocaps and to estimate methane abatement generated as a result of installing phytocaps at a given landfill. Phytocaps were simulated in four locations of Australia. For each location, daily estimates of soil water content and soil temperatures were predicted and then used in a gas transport model to simulate methane oxidation. Several simulations were performed on each phytocap using methane loading flux (MLF) varying from 2 to 200 gm(-2)d(-1). The results of the gas transport model simulations were used to develop methane oxidation curves for each climate, by correlating Oxidation Fraction (OF) to the MLF. The potential abatement, in Australian Carbon Credit Units (ACCUs), for a typical two hectare landfill site was then estimated. The installation of a phytocap at the example landfill can result to an abatement potential value in the range of approximately $56,000 and $114,000 AUD/year and an approximate present market value (2015) of $76,000 AUD/year. C1 [Abichou, Tarek] Florida State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Kormi, Tarek] Ecole Nationale Ingenieurs Gabes, Dept Genie Civil, Gabes, Tunisia. [Marsh, Aidan] Pacif Environm, LLC, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Wang, Cheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Abichou, T (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. OI Kormi, Tarek/0000-0003-0665-2280 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0895-0563 BN 978-0-7844-8014-4 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 2016 IS 271 BP 222 EP 231 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BG5EF UT WOS:000389438500022 ER PT B AU Sisk, DA AF Sisk, Dorothy A. BE Ambrose, D Sternberg, RJ TI FILLING THAT EMPTY SPACE IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD BESET WITH TURBULENCE AND CRISES SO Giftedness and Talent in the 21st Century: Adapting to the Turbulence of Globalization SE Advances in Creativity and Giftedness LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sisk, Dorothy A.] Lamar Univ, Dept Counseling Guidance & Special Populat, Beaumont, TX 77705 USA. [Sisk, Dorothy A.] US DOE, Off Gifted & Talented, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Sisk, DA (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Counseling Guidance & Special Populat, Beaumont, TX 77705 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SENSE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 21858, ROTTERDAM, 3001 AW, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-6300-501-2; 978-94-6300-503-6; 978-94-6300-502-9 J9 ADV CREAT GIFT PY 2016 VL 10 BP 181 EP 198 PG 18 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BG4PP UT WOS:000389036800012 ER PT J AU Markham, JN Tao, L Davis, R Voulis, N Angenent, LT Ungerer, J Yu, JP AF Markham, Jennifer N. Tao, Ling Davis, Ryan Voulis, Nina Angenent, Largus T. Ungerer, Justin Yu, Jianping TI Techno-economic analysis of a conceptual biofuel production process from bioethylene produced by photosynthetic recombinant cyanobacteria SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALGAL OIL PRODUCTION; SP PCC 6803; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; FUEL PRODUCTION; ETHYLENE; MICROALGAE; HYDROISOMERIZATION; CULTIVATION; METABOLISM; ALKANES AB Ethylene is a petrochemical produced in large volumes worldwide. It serves as a building block for a wide variety of plastics, textiles, and chemicals, and can be converted into liquid transportation fuels. There is great interest in the development of technologies that produce ethylene from renewable resources, such as biologically derived CO2 and biomass. One of the metabolic pathways used by microbes to produce ethylene is via an ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE). By expressing a bacterial EFE gene in a cyanobacterium, ethylene has been produced through photosynthetic carbon fixation. Here, we present a conceptual design and techno-economic analysis of a process of biofuel production based on the upgradation of ethylene generated by the recombinant cyanobacterium. This analysis focuses on potential near-term to long-term cost projections for the integrated process of renewable fuels derived from ethylene. The cost projections are important in showing the potential of this technology and determining research thrusts needed to reach target goals. The base case for this analysis is a midterm projection using tubular photo-bioreactors for cyanobacterial growth and ethylene production, cryogenic distillation for ethylene separation and purification, a two-step Ziegler oligomerization process with subsequent hydrotreatment and upgradation for fuel production, and a wastewater treatment process that utilizes anaerobic digestion of cyanobacterial biomass. The minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) for the midterm projection is $15.07 per gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE). Near-term and long-term projections are $28.66 per GGE and $5.36 per GGE, respectively. Single-and multi-point sensitivity analyses are conducted to determine the relative effect that chosen variables could have on the overall costs. This analysis identifies several key variables for improving the overall process economics and outlines strategies to guide future research directions. The productivity of ethylene has the largest effect on cost and is calculated based on a number of variables that are incorporated into this cost model (i.e., quantum requirement, photon transmission efficiency, and the percent of energy going to either ethylene or cyanobacterial biomass production). C1 [Markham, Jennifer N.; Tao, Ling; Davis, Ryan; Ungerer, Justin; Yu, Jianping] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Voulis, Nina; Angenent, Largus T.] Cornell Univ, Biol & Environm Engn, 226 Riley Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tao, L (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Ling.Tao@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA_E) FX The authors wish to acknowledge the following funding sources: U.S. Department of Energy, (1) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office (JM, LT, RD, JU, JY), and (2) Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA_E) (NV, LA). We also thank Mary Biddy, Maria Ghirardi, Pin-Ching Maness, and Philip Pienkos for critical readings of the manuscript. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 23 BP 6266 EP 6281 DI 10.1039/c6gc01083k PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED9YS UT WOS:000389230300012 ER PT J AU Cheah, S Jablonski, WS Olstad, JL Carpenter, DL Barthelemy, KD Robichaud, DJ Andrews, JC Black, SK Oddo, MD Westover, TL AF Cheah, Singfoong Jablonski, Whitney S. Olstad, Jessica L. Carpenter, Daniel L. Barthelemy, Kevin D. Robichaud, David J. Andrews, Joy C. Black, Stuart K. Oddo, Marc D. Westover, Tyler L. TI Effects of thermal pretreatment and catalyst on biomass gasification efficiency and syngas composition SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUIDIZED-BED GASIFICATION; WEIGHT/BIOMASS FLOW-RATE; STEAM GASIFICATION; OLIVINE CATALYSTS; GAS-PRODUCTION; PINE SAWDUST; PILOT-SCALE; PYROLYSIS; WOOD; TORREFACTION AB This work explores the combined effects of thermal pretreatment and using a catalyst in situ on gasification carbon conversion efficiency, as well as product gas and tar content and compositions. To compare the effects of thermal pretreatment, pelletized and ground oak with three different levels of thermal pretreatment were gasified in a fluidized bed reactor. The pretreatments applied to the oak were (1) pelletization, (2) drying at 180 degrees C in air, and (3) torrefaction at 270 degrees C in nitrogen. The oak dried at 180 degrees C produced syngas of similar quality and approximately the same amount of char as untreated oak. Torrefaction at 270 degrees C resulted in syngas with a higher hydrogen to CO ratio, lower methane, and less than half of the total tar-all of which are desirable properties in terms of product gas quality. However, the oak torrefied at 270 degrees C also produced more than two times the amount of char as the untreated, pelletized oak. To determine the effect of catalyst, a series of experiments were conducted using olivine impregnated with nickel and cerium as the fluidized bed material in the gasifier. These tests showed that modified olivine can improve hydrogen production and reduce methane and tar levels in the syngas. The result was observed for both treated and untreated oak; although the effect was more substantial for untreated oak, for which the use of modified olivine reduced tar concentrations in the product gas by 60%, with a larger reduction in heavier tars than lighter tars. This result is important because reduction in heavier tar plays a more important role in benefitting downstream operations. C1 [Cheah, Singfoong; Jablonski, Whitney S.; Olstad, Jessica L.; Carpenter, Daniel L.; Barthelemy, Kevin D.; Robichaud, David J.; Black, Stuart K.; Oddo, Marc D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Andrews, Joy C.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 69, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Westover, Tyler L.] Idaho Natl Lab, 2351 North Blvd,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cheah, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM singfoong.cheah@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships (SULI) Program - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [P41GM103393] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO), under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Kevin D. Barthelemy's time at NREL was partly supported by the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships (SULI) Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Program. Portions of this research were carried out at SSRL. Use of the SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (including P41GM103393). The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIGMS or NIH. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 23 BP 6291 EP 6304 DI 10.1039/c6gc01661h PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ED9YS UT WOS:000389230300014 ER PT J AU Liu, FJ Liu, C Kong, WP Qi, CZ Zheng, AM Dai, S AF Liu, Fujian Liu, Chen Kong, Weiping Qi, Chenze Zheng, Anmin Dai, Sheng TI Design and synthesis of micro-meso-macroporous polymers with versatile active sites and excellent activities in the production of biofuels and fine chemicals SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COVALENT ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ORDERED MESOPOROUS POLYMERS; SOLID ACID CATALYSTS; IONIC LIQUIDS; NANOPOROUS POLYMERS; CARBON FRAMEWORKS; COUPLING REACTION; CELLULOSE; TEMPLATES; EFFICIENT AB Micro-meso-macroporous polymers (MOPs) grafted with versatile functional groups, such as sulfonate, amine, triazole, pyridine, strong acidic ionic liquids and triphenylphosphine, were synthesized by in situ cross-linking of different functional molecules with 1,4-bis(chloromethyl) benzene in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts without using additional templates. The resultant hyper-cross-linked nanoporous polymers show unique characteristics such as large BET surface areas (up to 1523 m(2) g(-1)), abundant micro-meso-macropores (4.5-131 nm), and tunable and versatile active sites (acid, base and palladium). These functional polymers exhibit excellent activities and good reusability in biomass conversions, cross-coupling reactions and condensation. The catalytic activities are much better than those of various conventional catalysts such as H3PW12O40, SBA-15-SO3H, Amberlyst 15, and mesoporous H-ZSM-5 Pd/C and even as comparable as those of homogeneous H2SO4 and HCl in the depolymerization of crystalline cellulose into fine chemicals and towards transesterification to biodiesel. This work highlights a low cost route to the synthesis of solid catalysts based on functional nanoporous polymers for catalyzing the production of clean biofuels and fine chemicals. C1 [Liu, Fujian; Liu, Chen; Kong, Weiping; Qi, Chenze] Shaoxing Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Shaoxing 312000, Peoples R China. [Liu, Fujian; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zheng, Anmin] Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Natl Ctr Magnet Resonance Wuhan, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, FJ (reprint author), Shaoxing Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Shaoxing 312000, Peoples R China.; Liu, FJ; Dai, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Zheng, AM (reprint author), Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Natl Ctr Magnet Resonance Wuhan, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.; Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM fjliu@usx.edu.cn; zhenganm@wipm.ac.cn; dais@ornl.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21573150, 21203122, 21522310, 21473244]; Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LY15B030002]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [QYZDB-SSW-SLH026]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX FL and AZ were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21573150, 21203122, 21522310, 21473244), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY15B030002) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-SLH026). SD was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 16 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 24 BP 6536 EP 6544 DI 10.1039/c6gc02237e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EE1LA UT WOS:000389341800014 ER PT S AU Bolme, DS Santos-Villalobos, H Thompson, J Karakaya, M Boehnen, CB AF Bolme, David S. Santos-Villalobos, Hector Thompson, Joseph Karakaya, Mahmut Boehnen, Chris Bensing BE Bowyer, KW Burge, MJ TI Off-Angle Iris Correction Methods SO Handbook of Iris Recognition, 2nd Edition SE Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RECOGNITION; SEGMENTATION AB In many real-world iris recognition systems, obtaining consistent frontal images is problematic do to inexperienced or uncooperative users, untrained operators, or distracting environments. As a result many collected images are unusable by modern iris matchers. In this chapter, we present four methods for correcting off-angle iris images to appear frontal which makes them compatible with existing iris matchers. The methods include an affine correction, a retraced model of the human eye, measured displacements, and a genetic algorithm optimized correction. The affine correction represents a simple way to create an iris image that appears frontal but it does not account for refractive distortions of the cornea. The other method account for refraction. The retraced model simulates the optical properties of the cornea. The other two methods are data-driven. The first uses optical flow to measure the displacements of the iris texture when compared to frontal images of the same subject. The second uses a genetic algorithm to learn a mapping that optimizes the Hamming Distance scores between off-angle and frontal images. In this paper, we hypothesize that the biological model presented in our earlier work does not adequately account for all variations in eye anatomy and therefore the two data-driven approaches should yield better performance. Results are presented using the commercial VeriEye matcher that show that the genetic algorithm method clearly improves over prior work and makes iris recognition possible up to 50 degrees off-angle. C1 [Bolme, David S.; Santos-Villalobos, Hector; Thompson, Joseph; Karakaya, Mahmut; Boehnen, Chris Bensing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bolme, DS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bolmeds@ornl.gov RI Karakaya, Mahmut/C-7155-2017 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 2191-6586 BN 978-1-4471-6784-6; 978-1-4471-6782-2 J9 ADV COMPUT VIS PATT PY 2016 BP 497 EP 518 DI 10.1007/978-1-4471-6784-6_21 D2 10.1007/978-1-4471-6784-6 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BG4RX UT WOS:000389060100024 ER PT S AU Mane, AU Elam, JW Wagner, RG Siegmund, OHW Minot, MJ AF Mane, Anil U. Elam, Jeffrey W. Wagner, Robert G. Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Minot, Michael J. BE James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A Franks, L Payne, SA TI Creation of economical and robust large area MCPs by ALD method for photodetectors SO Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII CY AUG 29-31, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ALD; microchannel plate; photodetectors; SEE; thin film; psec time resolution; electron amplifier ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; NEUTRON COUNTING DETECTOR; OXIDE MICROCHANNEL PLATES; FILMS AB We report a cost-effective and production achievable path to fabricate robust large-area microchannel plates (MCPs), which offers the new prospect for larger area MCP-based detector technologies. We used atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), a thin film growth technique, to independently adjust the desired electrical resistance and secondary electron emission (SEE) properties of low cost borosilicate glass micro-capillary arrays (MCAs). These capabilities allow a separation of the substrate material properties from the signal amplification properties. This methodology enables the functionalization of microporous, highly insulating MCA substrates to produce sturdy, large format MCPs with unique properties such as high gain (> 10(7)/MCP pair), low background noise, similar to 10ps time resolution, sub-micron spatial resolution and excellent stability after only a short (2-3days) scrubbing time. The ALD self-limiting growth mechanism allows atomic level control over the thickness and composition of resistive and secondary electron emission (SEE) layers that can be deposited conformally on high aspect ratio (similar to 100) capillary glass arrays. We have developed several robust and consistent production doable ALD processes for the resistive coatings and SEE layers to give us precise control over the MCP parameters. Further, the adjustment of MCPs resistance by tailoring the ALD material composition permits the use of these MCPs at high or low temperature detector applications. Here we discuss ALD method for MCP functionalization and a variety of MCP testing results. C1 [Mane, Anil U.; Elam, Jeffrey W.; Wagner, Robert G.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Siegmund, Oswald H. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minot, Michael J.] Incom Inc, Charlton, MA 01507 USA. RP Mane, AU (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amane@anl.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0327-1; 978-1-5106-0328-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9968 AR UNSP 99680C DI 10.1117/12.2237865 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5IP UT WOS:000389506700004 ER PT S AU Minot, MJ Adams, BW Aviles, M Bond, JL Craven, CA Cremer, T Foley, MR Lyashenko, A Popecki, MA Stochaj, ME Worstell, WA Mane, AU Elam, JW Siegmund, OHW Ertley, C Frisch, H Elagin, A AF Minot, Michael J. Adams, Bernhard W. Aviles, Melvin Bond, Justin L. Craven, Christopher A. Cremer, Till Foley, Michael R. Lyashenko, Alexey Popecki, Mark A. Stochaj, Michael E. Worstell, William A. Mane, Anil U. Elam, Jeffrey W. Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Ertley, Camden Frisch, Henry Elagin, Andrey BE James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A Franks, L Payne, SA TI Pilot production and advanced development of large-area picosecond photodetectors SO Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII CY AUG 29-31, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE microchannel plate; MCP; large area photodetectors; LAPPD; picosecond timing; photocathode; pilot production ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; MICROCHANNEL PLATES; FILM THICKNESS AB We report pilot production and advanced development performance results achieved for Large Area Picosecond Photodetectors (LAPPD (TM)). The LAPPD (TM) is a microchannel plate (MCP) based photodetector, capable of imaging with single-photon sensitivity at high spatial and temporal resolutions in a hermetic package with an active area of 400 square centimeters(1). In December 2015, Incom Inc. completed installation of equipment and facilities for demonstration of early stage pilot production of LAPPD (TM). Initial fabrication trials commenced in January 2016. The "baseline" LAPPD (TM) employs an all-glass hermetic package with top and bottom plates and sidewalls made of borosilicate float glass. Signals are generated by a bi-alkali Na2KSb photocathode and amplified with a stacked chevron pair of "next generation" MCPs produced by applying resistive and emissive atomic layer deposition coatings to borosilicate glass capillary array (GCA) substrates(2,3,4,5) Signals are collected on RF strip-line anodes applied to the bottom plates which exit the detector via pin-free hermetic seals under the side walls(6). Prior tests show that LAPPD (TM) s have electron gains greater than 10(7), sub-millimeter space resolution for large pulses and several mm for single photons, time resolutions of 50 picoseconds for single photons, predicted resolution of less than 5 picoseconds for large pulses, high stability versus charge extraction, and good uniformity(7). LAPPD (TM) performance results for product produced during the first half of 2016 will be reviewed. Recent advances in the development of LAPPD (TM) will also be reviewed, as the baseline design is adapted to meet the requirements for a wide range of emerging application. These include a novel ceramic package design, ALD coated MCPs optimized to have a low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and further advances to adapt the LAPPD (TM) for cryogenic applications using Liquid Argon (LAr). These developments will meet the needs for DOE-supported R&D for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), nuclear physics applications such as EIC, medical, homeland security and astronomical applications for direct and indirect photon detection. C1 [Minot, Michael J.; Adams, Bernhard W.; Aviles, Melvin; Bond, Justin L.; Craven, Christopher A.; Cremer, Till; Foley, Michael R.; Lyashenko, Alexey; Popecki, Mark A.; Stochaj, Michael E.; Worstell, William A.] Incom Inc, Charlton, MA 01507 USA. [Mane, Anil U.; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. [Siegmund, Oswald H. W.; Ertley, Camden] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frisch, Henry; Elagin, Andrey] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Minot, MJ (reprint author), Incom Inc, Charlton, MA 01507 USA. EM mjm@incomusa.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0327-1; 978-1-5106-0328-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9968 AR UNSP 99680X DI 10.1117/12.2237331 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5IP UT WOS:000389506700016 ER PT S AU van Loef, EV Feng, P Markosyan, G Shirwadkar, U Doty, P Shah, KS AF van Loef, Edgar V. Feng, Patrick Markosyan, Gary Shirwadkar, Urmila Doty, Patrick Shah, Kanai S. BE James, RB Fiederle, M Burger, A Franks, L Payne, SA TI High Energy Resolution Plastic Scintillator SO Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII CY AUG 29-31, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Fast neutron detection; Gamma-ray detection; Plastic scintillator; Pulse Shape Discrimination; Gamma-ray Spectroscopy; Organotin compounds ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AB In this paper we present results on a novel tin-loaded plastic scintillator. We will show that this particular plastic scintillator has a light output similar to that of BGO, a fast scintillation decay (< 10 ns), exhibits good neutron/gamma PSD with a Figure-of-Merit of 1.3 at 2.5 MeVee cut-off energy, and excellent energy resolution of about 12% (FWHM) at 662 keV. Under X-ray excitation, the radioluminescence spectrum exhibits a broad band between 350 and 500 nm peaking at 420 nm which is well-matched to bialkali photomultiplier tubes and UV-enhanced photodiodes. C1 [van Loef, Edgar V.; Markosyan, Gary; Shirwadkar, Urmila; Shah, Kanai S.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Feng, Patrick; Doty, Patrick] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP van Loef, EV (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0327-1; 978-1-5106-0328-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9968 AR UNSP 996803 DI 10.1117/12.2237999 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5IP UT WOS:000389506700002 ER PT J AU Wang, ZJ Poston, J Seehra, MS AF Wang, Zhengjun Poston, James Seehra, Mohindar S. TI Diamagnetism of beta-Nickel Phthalocyanine (C32H16N8Ni) and Effects of Impurities SO IEEE Magnetics Letters LA English DT Article DE Magnetism in solids; low-dimensional systems; magnetic hysteresis; magnetic semiconductors ID MOLECULAR SEMICONDUCTOR; METAL PHTHALOCYANINES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETISM; SURFACE; FILMS AB Results from detailed measurements of the magnetization M of a commercial beta-nickel phthalocyanine (beta-NiPc) powder sample characterized by X-ray diffraction are reported from 2 K to 300 K and in magnetic fields H up to 90 kOe. From the isothermal M vs. H data at several temperatures T, the diamagnetic nature of beta-NiPc is established with temperature-independent susceptibility chi(D) = -3.4 x 10(-7) emu/g.Oe, consistent with the spin S = 0 state for Ni2+, in violation of violating Hund's rules. However, both the M vs. H and M vs. T data at the lower temperatures show a ferromagnetic component superposed on chi(D) which is interpreted as resulting from a ferromagnetic impurity in the sample. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray microanalysis of the sample show the presence of Fe impurity with a concentration of 0.0434% (434 ppm) determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). It is argued that alpha-FePc is the likely source of the ferromagnetic component. The procedures described here can be used to determine ppm-level magnetic impurities in other diamagnetic semiconductor materials. C1 [Wang, Zhengjun; Seehra, Mohindar S.] West Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Poston, James] US DOE, NETL, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Wang, ZJ (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM zwang3@mix.wvu.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2016 VL 7 AR 1406804 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2016.2607685 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA EE1LL UT WOS:000389343000001 ER PT J AU Ceze, MA Murman, SM AF Ceze, Marco A. Murman, Scott M. TI Global convergence strategies for a spectral-element space-time discontinuous-Galerkin discretization of the Navier Stokes-equations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Newton continuation methods; space-time discretization ID PSEUDOTRANSIENT CONTINUATION AB This paper presents two global convergence strategies for a spectral-element, space-time discretisation of the Navier-Stokes equations. The first employs a hierarchical temporal mesh subdivision and polynomial order reduction to approximate the high-order solution. The second generalises Pseudo-Transient Continuation for steady problems to a space-time system. C1 [Ceze, Marco A.; Murman, Scott M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ceze, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM marco.a.ceze@nasa.gov FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities via NASA's Postdoctoral Program FX The first author acknowledges the support provided by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities via NASA's Postdoctoral Program. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 EI 1029-0257 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2016 VL 30 IS 6 SI SI BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1080/10618562.2016.1250348 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA ED2SF UT WOS:000388698300010 ER PT J AU Momen, AM Sherif, SA Lear, WE AF Momen, A. Mehdizadeh Sherif, S. A. Lear, W. E. TI An Analytical-Numerical Model for Two-Phase Slug Flow through a Sudden Area Change in Microchannels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Slug flow; Microchannels; Two-phase flow; Sudden-area change ID PRESSURE-DROP; SIMULATION; TUBE AB In this paper, two new analytical models have been developed to calculate two-phase slug flow pressure drop in microchannels through a sudden contraction. Even though many studies have been reported on two-phase flow in microchannels, considerable discrepancies still exist, mainly due to the difficulties in experimental setup and measurements. Numerical simulations were performed to support the new analytical models and to explore in more detail the physics of the flow in microchannels with a sudden contraction. Both analytical and numerical results were compared to the available experimental data and other empirical correlations. Results show that models, which were developed based on the slug and semi-slug assumptions, agree well with experiments in microchannels. Moreover, in contrast to the previous empirical correlations which were tuned for a specific geometry, the new analytical models are capable of taking geometrical parameters as well as flow conditions into account. C1 [Momen, A. Mehdizadeh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Res & Integrat Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sherif, S. A.; Lear, W. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 116300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sherif, SA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 116300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Sasherif@ufl.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISFAHAN UNIV TECHNOLOGY PI ISFAHAN PA MECHANICAL ENGINEEING DEPT, JAFM OFFICE, ISFAHAN, 84156-83111, IRAN SN 1735-3572 EI 1735-3645 J9 J APPL FLUID MECH JI J. Appl. Fluid Mech. PY 2016 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1839 EP 1850 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA DP1YV UT WOS:000378286200026 ER PT J AU Kou, TY Wang, GM Lu, XH Song, Y Zhai, T AF Kou, Tianyi Wang, Gongming Lu, Xihong Song, Yang Zhai, Teng TI Functional Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kou, Tianyi] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wang, Gongming] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lu, Xihong] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Song, Yang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhai, Teng] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zhai, T (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM tengzhai@njust.edu.cn OI Lu, Xihong/0000-0002-6764-0024 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-4110 EI 1687-4129 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2016 AR 8521320 DI 10.1155/2016/8521320 PG 1 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA ED4TZ UT WOS:000388845900001 ER PT J AU Devaux, D Wang, XY Thelen, JL Parkinson, DY Cabana, J Wang, F Balsara, NP AF Devaux, Didier Wang, Xiaoya Thelen, Jacob L. Parkinson, Dilworth Y. Cabana, Jordi Wang, Feng Balsara, Nitash P. TI Lithium Metal-Copper Vanadium Oxide Battery with a Block Copolymer Electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LI BATTERIES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; ION BATTERIES; SOLID-STATE; VANADATE; CATHODES; BEHAVIOR AB Lithium (Li) batteries comprising multivalent positive active materials such as copper vanadium oxide have high theoretical capacity. These batteries with a conventional liquid electrolyte exhibit limited cycle life because of copper dissolution into the electrolyte. We report here on the characterization of solid-state Li metal batteries with a positive electrode based on alpha-Cu6.9V6O18.9 (alpha-CuVO3). We replaced the liquid electrolyte by a nanostructured solid block copolymer electrolyte comprising of a mixture of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) salt. In situ X-ray diffraction was used to follow the Li insertion/de-insertion mechanism into the alpha-CuVO3 host material and its reversibility. In situ X-ray scattering revealed that the multistep electrochemical reactions involved are similar in the presence of liquid or solid electrolyte. The capacity fade of the solid-state batteries is less rapid than that of alpha-CuVO3-Li metal batteries with a conventional liquid electrolyte. Hard X-ray microtomography revealed that upon cycling, voids and Cu-rich agglomerates were formed at the interface between the Li metal and the SEO electrolyte. The void volume and the volume occupied by the Cu-rich agglomerates were independent of C-rate and cycle number. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Devaux, Didier; Thelen, Jacob L.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, JCESR, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devaux, Didier; Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devaux, Didier; Thelen, Jacob L.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Xiaoya; Wang, Feng] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Sustainable Energy Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wang, Xiaoya] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. [Parkinson, Dilworth Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cabana, Jordi] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, JCESR, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Balsara, NP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Balsara, NP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu RI Cabana, Jordi/G-6548-2012 OI Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986 FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub - U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Philomathia Center at UC Berkeley; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Didier Devaux was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Philomathia Center at UC Berkeley. The WAXS and microtomography works were carried out at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at beamlines 7.3.3 and 8.3.2, respectively. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Polite Stewart, Chenhui Zhu, and Eric Schaible for their assistance in coordinating and performing the WAXS experiments at the Advanced Light Source Beamline 7.3.3. We thank Jean-Marie Tarascon for insightful discussions. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 10 BP A2447 EP A2455 DI 10.1149/2.1331610jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WF UT WOS:000389150900046 ER PT J AU Du, Z Janke, CJ Li, J Daniel, C Wood, DL AF Du, Zhijia Janke, C. J. Li, Jianlin Daniel, C. Wood, D. L., III TI Electron Beam Curing of Composite Positive Electrode for Li-Ion Battery SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; CELLULOSE; BINDER AB Electron beam cured acrylated polyurethanes have been successfully used as novel binders for positive electrodes for Li-ion batteries. The cross-linked polymer after electron beam curing coheres active materials and carbon black together onto Al foil. Electrochemical tests demonstrate the stability of the polymer at a potential window of 2.0 V-4.6 V. The electrode is found to have similar voltage profiles and charge-transfer resistance compared to the conventional electrode using polyvinylidene fluoride as the binder. When the electrode is tested in full Li-ion cells, they exhibit excellent cycling performance, indicating promising use for this new type of binder in commercial Li-ion batteries in the future. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Du, Zhijia; Li, Jianlin; Daniel, C.; Wood, D. L., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Janke, C. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Daniel, C.; Wood, D. L., III] Univ Tennessee, Bredesen Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Grad Educ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Du, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM duz1@ornl.gov RI Janke, Christopher/E-1598-2017; OI Janke, Christopher/0000-0002-6076-7188; Wood, David/0000-0002-2471-4214; Du, Zhijia/0000-0002-5178-0487 FU U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) Applied Battery Research (ABR) subprogram [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) Applied Battery Research (ABR) subprogram (Program Managers: Peter Faguy and David Howell). NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 13 BP A2776 EP A2780 DI 10.1149/2.1171613jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8YD UT WOS:000389155900037 ER PT J AU Giordani, V Uddin, J Bryantsev, VS Chase, GV Addison, D AF Giordani, Vincent Uddin, Jasim Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S. Chase, Gregory V. Addison, Dan TI High Concentration Lithium Nitrate/Dimethylacetamide Electrolytes for Lithium/Oxygen Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS LI-O-2 BATTERIES; LI-AIR BATTERIES; STABILITY; OXYGEN; DISCHARGE AB A high concentration of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) in dimethylacetamide (DMA) is shown to exert an inhibitory effect on electrolyte degradation processes in a rechargeable Li/O-2 battery. Experimental observations are supported by quantum chemical calculations suggesting that resistance of the solvent to autoxidation and hydrogen atom abstraction may improve in proportion to Li salt concentration. Both in situ and ex situ gas analysis data reveal a trend of a reduced rate of electrolyte decomposition at higher concentrations of LiNO3. Additionally, characterization of the surface and interface of both the O-2 and Li electrodes, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction provide further evidence for improved electrolyte stability at higher Li salt concentration and the mechanistic theory thereof. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Giordani, Vincent; Uddin, Jasim; Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S.; Chase, Gregory V.; Addison, Dan] Liox Power Inc, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Bryantsev, Vyacheslav S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Giordani, V (reprint author), Liox Power Inc, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM vincent@liox.com NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 13 BP A2673 EP A2678 DI 10.1149/2.0951613jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8YD UT WOS:000389155900026 ER PT J AU Harry, KJ Higa, K Srinivasan, V Balsara, NP AF Harry, Katherine J. Higa, Kenneth Srinivasan, Venkat Balsara, Nitash P. TI Influence of Electrolyte Modulus on the Local Current Density at a Dendrite Tip on a Lithium Metal Electrode SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM/POLYMER CELLS; BATTERIES; GROWTH; POLYMERIZATION; MECHANISMS; DEPOSITION; ZINC AB Understanding and controlling the electrochemical deposition of lithium is imperative for the safe use of rechargeable batteries with a lithium metal anode. Solid block copolymer electrolyte membranes are known to enhance the stability of lithium metal anodes by mechanically suppressing the formation of lithium protrusions during battery charging. Time-resolved hard X-ray microtomography was used to monitor the internal structure of a symmetric lithium-polymer cell during galvanostatic polarization. The microtomography images were used to determine the local rate of lithium deposition, i.e. local current density, in the vicinity of a lithium globule growing through the electrolyte. Measurements of electrolyte displacement enabled estimation of local stresses in the electrolyte. At early times, the current density was maximized at the globule tip, as expected from simple current distribution arguments. At later times, the current density was maximized at the globule perimeter. We show that this phenomenon is related to the local stress fields that arise as the electrolyte is deformed. The local current density, normalized for the radius of curvature, decreases with increasing compressive stresses at the lithium-polymer interface. To our knowledge, our study provides the first direct measurement showing the influence of local mechanical stresses on the deposition kinetics at lithium metal electrodes. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Harry, Katherine J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harry, Katherine J.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Higa, Kenneth; Srinivasan, Venkat; Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Balsara, NP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu FU Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231 (KC11BN)]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation; Vehicle Technologies Office, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Primary funding for the work was provided by the Electron Microscopy of Soft Matter Program from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (KC11BN). Hard X-ray microtomography experiments were performed at the Advanced Light Source which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Katherine J. Harry was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Venkat Srinivasan and Kenneth Higa were supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, under the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program. We would also like to acknowledge Professor Bryan McCloskey and Professor John Newman for their helpful technical discussion and advice. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 10 BP A2216 EP A2224 DI 10.1149/2.0191610jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WF UT WOS:000389150900013 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Kalnaus, S Simunovic, S Gorti, S Allu, S Turner, JA AF Kumar, A. Kalnaus, S. Simunovic, S. Gorti, S. Allu, S. Turner, J. A. TI Communication-Indentation of Li-Ion Pouch Cell: Effect of Material Homogenization on Prediction of Internal Short Circuit SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We performed finite element simulations of spherical indentation of Li-ion pouch cells. Our model fully resolves different layers in the cell. The results of the layer resolved models were compared to the models available in the literature that treat the cell as an equivalent homogenized continuum material. Simulations were carried out for different sizes of the spherical indenter. We show that calibration of a failure criterion for the cell in the homogenized model depends on the indenter size, whereas in the layer-resoled model, such dependency is greatly diminished. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumar, A.; Kalnaus, S.; Simunovic, S.; Gorti, S.; Allu, S.; Turner, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kumara@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 10 BP A2494 EP A2496 DI 10.1149/2.0151613jes PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WF UT WOS:000389150900052 ER PT J AU Lipson, AL Han, SD Pan, B See, KA Gewirth, AA Liao, C Vaughey, JT Ingram, BJ AF Lipson, Albert L. Han, Sang-Don Pan, Baofei See, Kimberly A. Gewirth, Andrew A. Liao, Chen Vaughey, John T. Ingram, Brian J. TI Practical Stability Limits of Magnesium Electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE MG BATTERIES; ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL STABILITY; HIGH-VOLTAGE; LITHIUM-ION; DEPOSITION; CORROSION; COMPLEX; CATION AB The development of a Mg ion based energy storage system could provide several benefits relative to today's Li-ion batteries, such as improved energy density. The electrolytes for Mg batteries, which are typically designed to efficiently plate and strip Mg, have not yet been proven to work with high voltage cathode materials that are needed to achieve high energy density. One possibility is that these electrolytes are inherently unstable on porous electrodes. To determine if this is indeed the case, the electrochemical properties of a variety of electrolytes were tested using a porous carbon coating on graphite foil and stainless steel electrodes. It was determined that the oxidative stability limit on these porous electrodes is considerably reduced as compared to those found using polished platinum electrodes. Furthermore, the voltage stability was found to be about 3 V vs. Mg metal for the best performing electrolytes. These results imply the need for further research to improve the stability of Mg electrolytes to enable high voltage Mg batteries. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Lipson, Albert L.; Han, Sang-Don; Pan, Baofei; Liao, Chen; Vaughey, John T.; Ingram, Brian J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lipson, Albert L.; Han, Sang-Don; Pan, Baofei; Gewirth, Andrew A.; Liao, Chen; Vaughey, John T.; Ingram, Brian J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [See, Kimberly A.; Gewirth, Andrew A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ingram, BJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Ingram, BJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ingram@anl.gov OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub - U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; St. Elmo Brady Future Faculty Fellowship FX This work was supported as part of the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. K. A. S. acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the St. Elmo Brady Future Faculty Fellowship. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 10 BP A2253 EP A2257 DI 10.1149/2.0451610jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WF UT WOS:000389150900018 ER PT J AU Proffit, DL Fister, TT Kim, S Pan, B Liao, C Vaughey, JT AF Proffit, Danielle L. Fister, Timothy T. Kim, Soojeong Pan, Baofei Liao, Chen Vaughey, John T. TI Utilization of Ca K-Edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure to Identify Intercalation in Potential Multivalent Battery Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE MAGNESIUM BATTERIES; THIONYL CHLORIDE CELLS; ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; SOLVATION STRUCTURE; VANADIUM-OXIDE; FINE-STRUCTURE; CALCIUM; INSERTION; LITHIUM AB Multivalent-ion batteries have been under investigation as a technology that can provide energy densities beyond that provided by lithium ion batteries. An emerging cation of interest is calcium, as it has similar electrochemical properties and size to sodium, and systems incorporating it have high theoretical density. Common techniques used to investigate intercalation, such as NMR, are currently unable to distinguish calcium's role in energy storage materials. In this work, we investigated the ability of calcium XANES to provide fingerprint identification of intercalated species using Ca ion exchanged NaxCoO2 and a Ca(PF6)(2)-based electrolyte as a case study. Ca XANES was able to detect intercalation down to concentrations of similar to 1 Ca per 950 angstrom(3), even with residual electrolyte on the surface. The ability to observe the structure of the intercalated ion will enable the discovery of new electrolytes and intercalation cathodes by helping to confirm theoretical predictions, allowing multivalent batteries to become a viable high energy density storage technology. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved. C1 [Proffit, Danielle L.; Fister, Timothy T.; Kim, Soojeong; Pan, Baofei; Liao, Chen; Vaughey, John T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Proffit, Danielle L.; Fister, Timothy T.; Kim, Soojeong; Pan, Baofei; Liao, Chen; Vaughey, John T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Proffit, Danielle L.] Spectrum Brands Rayovac, Madison, WI 53562 USA. RP Proffit, DL; Vaughey, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Proffit, DL; Vaughey, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM danielleproffit.matsci@gmail.com; vaughey@anl.gov OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research was supported as part of the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science. ICP-MS analysis was done at the Electrochemistry Discovery Laboratory, part of JCESR at Argonne National Laboratory. XANES experiments were carried out at the MRCAT/10-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source and EDS experiments were carried out at the Electron Microscopy Center in the Center for Nanoscale Materials, both at Argonne National Laboratory. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. Use of the Advanced Photon Source and Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors thank Arthur Jeremy Kropf for help with measurement setup at the MRCAT/10-BM beamline and Pietro Papa Lopes for performing the ICP measurements at the EDL. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 13 BP A2508 EP A2514 DI 10.1149/2.0121613jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8YD UT WOS:000389155900003 ER PT J AU Sheth, J Karan, NK Abraham, DP Nguyen, CC Lucht, BL Sheldon, BW Guduru, PR AF Sheth, Jay Karan, Naba K. Abraham, Daniel P. Nguyen, Cao Cuong Lucht, Brett L. Sheldon, Brian W. Guduru, Pradeep R. TI In Situ Stress Evolution in Li1+xMn2O4 Thin Films during Electrochemical Cycling in Li-Ion Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTERCALATION-INDUCED STRESSES; LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SPINEL ELECTRODES; PARTICLE FRACTURE; BATTERIES; LIMN2O4; LITHIATION; INSERTION AB Real time monitoring of stress evolution in electrodes during electrochemical cycling can help quantify the driving forces that dictate their mechanical degradation. In the present work, in-situ stress evolution in thin films of spinel Li1+xMn2O4 (LMO) was measured by monitoring the change in the elastic substrate curvature during electrochemical cycling in a specially designed beaker cell in the 3.5-4.3 V (vs. Li/Li+) voltage range. The LMO thin films were prepared using a solution deposition technique and their structures and morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stress evolution in the early part of the first delithiation cycle (<4.05 V) was consistent with the XRD data. However, stress evolution during later stages of the first delithiation cycle (>4.05 V) was not consistent with the XRD results, and showed irreversible behavior, suggesting irreversible changes in the electrode. Beyond the first delithiation cycle, the stress evolution was reversible, with a steady buildup of compressive and tensile stress during lithium insertion and extraction, respectively. Measurements on LMO films of varying thicknesses suggest that the first cycle irreversibility in stress response arises primarily from the electrode bulk. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Sheth, Jay; Karan, Naba K.; Sheldon, Brian W.; Guduru, Pradeep R.] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Abraham, Daniel P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nguyen, Cao Cuong; Lucht, Brett L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Karan, NK; Guduru, PR (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM naba_karan@brown.edu; pradeep_guduru@brown.edu FU United States Department of Energy EPSCoR [DE-SC0007074] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the United States Department of Energy EPSCoR Implementation award (grant # DE-SC0007074). NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 13 BP A2524 EP A2530 DI 10.1149/2.0161613jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8YD UT WOS:000389155900005 ER PT J AU Su, X Ha, S Ishwait, MB Lei, HW Oljaca, M Blizanac, B Dees, D Lua, WQ AF Su, Xin Ha, Seonbaek Ishwait, Manar B. Lei, Hanwei Oljaca, Miki Blizanac, Berislav Dees, Dennis Lua, Wenquan TI Nonlinear Conductivities and Electrochemical Performances of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; SIDE REACTIONS; CAPACITY LOSS; CARBON; CATHODE; COMPOSITES; DEPENDENCE; ADDITIVES; NETWORK; AREA AB There is increasing research attention on optimizing the carbon black nanoparticles' structure and loading procedure for improving conductivities and thus, electrochemical performances of cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. Recently, LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) has been actively investigated due to its larger specific capacity and lower cost compared to conventional cathode materials. Presented here is a high energy density NCM523 cathode obtained by reducing the carbon content using the state-of-the-art carbon nanoparticles developed at Cabot Corporation. It is the first time that the nonlinear conductivity of NCM523 electrodes has been discovered, which is significantly impacted by the dispersion and surface crystalline quality of carbon black nanoparticles, especially when the loading of carbon black is only 1 wt%. The nonlinear conductivity of the cathodes can dramatically affect their electrochemical performances at high rates (>= 3C), which is close to the tunneling saturated current. In addition, there is no discernable difference in terms of the rate and cycle performance of the NCM523 electrodes, when reducing the loading of novel carbon black nanoparticles from 5 wt% to 1 wt% in the cathode. Therefore, the energy density of the electrode can be increased by 9% by using existing commercially available electrode materials. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Su, Xin; Ha, Seonbaek; Ishwait, Manar B.; Dees, Dennis; Lua, Wenquan] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lei, Hanwei; Oljaca, Miki; Blizanac, Berislav] Cabot Business & Technol Ctr, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Lua, WQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM luw@anl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. Parts of this work were performed at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research and at the Center for Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 13 BP A2720 EP A2724 DI 10.1149/2.0961613jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8YD UT WOS:000389155900031 ER PT J AU Bachhav, MN Hahn, NT Zavadil, KR Nelson, EG Crowe, AJ Bartlett, BM Chu, PW Araullo-Peters, VJ Marquis, EA AF Bachhav, Mukesh N. Hahn, Nathan T. Zavadil, Kevin R. Nelson, Emily G. Crowe, Adam J. Bartlett, Bart M. Chu, Peng-Wei Araullo-Peters, Vicente J. Marquis, Emmanuelle A. TI Microstructure and Chemistry of Electrodeposited Mg Films SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE MAGNESIUM BATTERIES; ALUMINUM-CHLORIDE COMPLEX; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; ENERGY-STORAGE; DEPOSITION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CHALLENGE; REVERSIBILITY; MICROSCOPY; STABILITY AB We describe the structure, morphology, and chemistry of Mg films that were electrodeposited using different electrolytes (magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC), magnesium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Mg-TFSI) and magnesium triphenoxyaluminate (MTPA)). The microstructure and chemistry of the Mg films, along with their overall cycling efficiency, showed a strong dependence on electrolyte chloride content. The films formed with the higher chloride concentration electrolytes (MACC and MTPA) yielded large and columnar grain structures with a strong [001] texture. The films formed using chloride-free TFSI that only has an 80% cycling efficiency showed much smaller grains and a more random texture. Electrochemically conditioned MACC and MTPA also led to smaller amounts of impurity being incorporated in the films than TFSI. The impurities detected in the form of Mg complexes such as Mg-O, Mg-H, Mg-OH, Mg-C, and elemental impurities (O, C, Cl, Al) tend to form discontinuous films orthogonal to the [001] direction. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Bachhav, Mukesh N.; Chu, Peng-Wei; Araullo-Peters, Vicente J.; Marquis, Emmanuelle A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hahn, Nathan T.; Zavadil, Kevin R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nelson, Emily G.; Crowe, Adam J.; Bartlett, Bart M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Bachhav, MN (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mbachhav@umich.edu RI Bartlett, Bart/F-1233-2013; OI Bartlett, Bart/0000-0001-8298-5963; Marquis, Emmanuelle/0000-0002-6476-2835 FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub - U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences; University of Michigan College of Engineering; Michigan Center for Materials Characterization FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, the University of Michigan College of Engineering, and the Michigan Center for Materials Characterization. Synthesis of MTPA electrolyte EGN, AJC, and BMB was carried out as an independent, unfunded collaboration. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 13 BP D645 EP D650 DI 10.1149/2.0181613jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8YD UT WOS:000389155900071 ER PT J AU Jagannathan, K Benson, DM Robinson, DB Stickney, JL AF Jagannathan, Kaushik Benson, David M. Robinson, David B. Stickney, John L. TI Hydrogen Sorption Kinetics on Bare and Platinum-Modified Palladium Nanofilms, Grown by Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition (E-ALD) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LIMITED REDOX REPLACEMENT; PD-PT ALLOYS; THIN-FILMS; ABSORPTION; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; AU(111); CDS; ELECTRODEPOSITION AB Nanofilms of Pd were grown using an electrochemical form of atomic layer deposition (E-ALD) on 100 nm evaporated Au films on glass. Multiple cycles of surface-limited redox replacement (SLRR) were used to grow deposits. Each SLRR involved the underpotential deposition (UPD) of a Cu atomic layer, followed by open circuit replacement via redox exchange with tetrachloropalladate, forming a Pd atomic layer: one E-ALD deposition cycle. That cycle was repeated in order to grow deposits of a desired thickness. 5 cycles of Pd deposition were performed on the Au on glass substrates, resulting in the formation of 2.5 monolayers of Pd. Those Pd films were then modified with varying coverages of Pt, also formed using SLRR. The amount of Pt was controlled by changing the potential for Cu UPD, and by increasing the number of Pt deposition cycles. Hydrogen absorption was studied using coulometry and cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M H2SO4 as a function of Pt coverage. The presence of even a small fraction of a Pt monolayer dramatically increased the rate of hydrogen desorption. However, this did not reduce the films' hydrogen storage capacity. The increase in desorption rate in the presence of Pt was over an order of magnitude. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved. C1 [Jagannathan, Kaushik; Benson, David M.; Stickney, John L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Robinson, David B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Nanomat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stickney, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM Stickney@uga.edu FU National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research [1410109]; Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research no. 1410109 and the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 12 BP D3047 EP D3052 DI 10.1149/2.0051612jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WJ UT WOS:000389151300009 ER PT J AU Zhu, SQ Yue, J Qin, XP Wei, ZD Liang, ZX Adzic, RR Brankovic, SR Du, Z Shao, M AF Zhu, Shangqian Yue, Jeffrey Qin, Xueping Wei, Zidong Liang, Zhixiu Adzic, Radoslav R. Brankovic, Stanko R. Du, Zheng Shao, Minhua TI The Role of Citric Acid in Perfecting Platinum Monolayer on Palladium Nanoparticles during the Surface Limited Redox Replacement Reaction SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; CORE-SHELL ELECTROCATALYSTS; FORCE-FIELD; DEPOSITION; STABILITY; OCTAHEDRA; CATALYSTS; COMPASS; CITRATE; LAYER AB Cu-mediated-Pt-displacement method that involves the displacement of an underpotentially deposited (UPD) Cu monolayer by Pt has been extensively studied to prepare core-shell catalysts. It has been found that Pt clusters instead of a uniform Pt monolayer were formed in the gram batch synthesis. With a suitable surfactant, such as citric acid, the Pt shell could be much more uniform. In this study, the role of citric acid in controlling the Cu-Pt displacement reaction kinetics was studied by electrochemical techniques and theoretical approaches. It was found that citric acid strongly adsorbed on Pd, Pt, Cu/Pd, and Pt/Pd surfaces, especially in the double layer region in acid solutions. The strong adsorption of citric acid slowed down the Cu-Pt displacement reaction. The main characteristics of such strong interaction most likely arises from the OH groups in the citric acid molecule according to the molecular dynamics simulation results. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Shangqian; Yue, Jeffrey; Qin, Xueping; Shao, Minhua] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Wei, Zidong] Chongqing Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. [Liang, Zhixiu; Adzic, Radoslav R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Brankovic, Stanko R.] Univ Houston, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Du, Zheng] Natl Supercomp Ctr Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518031, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Shao, M (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM kemshao@ust.hk OI Zhu, Shangqian/0000-0002-5813-9588 FU Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region [IGN13EG05, 26206115]; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSF [0955922] FX Authors thank the financial support from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (IGN13EG05 and 26206115) and a startup fund from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. The work at the Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. S. R. Brankovic acknowledges support from private funding sources and NSF Chemistry Program under contract #0955922. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 12 BP D3040 EP D3046 DI 10.1149/2.0061612jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WJ UT WOS:000389151300008 ER PT J AU Alia, SM Rasimick, B Ngo, C Neyerlin, KC Kocha, SS Pylypenko, S Xu, H Pivovar, BS AF Alia, Shaun M. Rasimick, Brian Ngo, Chilan Neyerlin, K. C. Kocha, Shyam S. Pylypenko, Svitlana Xu, Hui Pivovar, Bryan S. TI Activity and Durability of Iridium Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; DISK ELECTRODE; ACIDIC MEDIA; FORMIC-ACID; ELECTROCATALYSTS; REDUCTION; WATER; RUTHENIUM AB Unsupported iridium (Ir) nanoparticles, that serve as standard oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in acidic electrolyzers, were investigated for electrochemical performance and durability in rotating disk electrode (RDE) half-cells. Fixed potential holds and potential cycling were applied to probe the durability of Ir nanoparticles, and performance losses were found to be driven by particle growth (coarsening) at moderate potential (1.4 to 1.6V) and Ir dissolution at higher potential (>= 1.8V). Several different commercially available samples were evaluated and standardized conditions for performance comparison are reported. The electrocatalyst RDE results have also been compared to results obtained for performance and durability in electrolysis cells. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Alia, Shaun M.; Neyerlin, K. C.; Kocha, Shyam S.; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Rasimick, Brian; Xu, Hui] Giner Inc, Newton, MA 02466 USA. [Ngo, Chilan; Pylypenko, Svitlana] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pivovar, BS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bryan.pivovar@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, SBIR/STTR program through Giner, Inc. [DE-SC0007471] FX Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, SBIR/STTR program under contract #DE-SC0007471 through Giner, Inc. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 11 BP F3105 EP F3112 DI 10.1149/2.0151611jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WG UT WOS:000389151000016 ER PT J AU Alia, SM Hurst, KE Kocha, SS Pivovar, BS AF Alia, Shaun M. Hurst, Katherine E. Kocha, Shyam S. Pivovar, Bryan S. TI Mercury Underpotential Deposition to Determine Iridium and Iridium Oxide Electrochemical Surface Areas SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN EVOLUTION REACTION; ANODIC-STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; WATER ELECTROLYSIS; NEURAL STIMULATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ACTIVE SURFACE; ACIDIC MEDIUM; PART 2; ELECTRODES AB Determining the surface areas of electrocatalysts is critical for separating the key properties of area-specific activity and electrochemical surface area from mass activity. Hydrogen underpotential deposition and carbon monoxide oxidation are typically used to evaluate iridium (Ir) surface areas, but are ineffective on oxides and can be sensitive to surface oxides formed on Ir metals. Mercury underpotential deposition is presented in this study as an alternative, able to produce reasonable surface areas on Ir and Ir oxide nanoparticles, and able to produce similar surface areas prior to and following characterization in oxygen evolution. Reliable electrochemical surface areas allow for comparative studies of different catalyst types and the characterization of advanced oxygen evolution catalysts. They also enable the study of catalyst degradation in durability testing, both areas of increasing importance within electrolysis and electrocatalysis. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Alia, Shaun M.; Hurst, Katherine E.; Kocha, Shyam S.; Pivovar, Bryan S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Alia, SM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM shaun.alia@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, SBIR/STTR program through Giner, Inc. [DE-SC0007471] FX Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, SBIR/STTR program under contract #DE-SC0007471 through Giner, Inc. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 11 BP F3051 EP F3056 DI 10.1149/2.0071611jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WG UT WOS:000389151000009 ER PT J AU Macauley, N Lujan, RW Spernjak, D Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL More, K Borup, RL Mukundana, R AF Macauley, Natalia Lujan, Roger W. Spernjak, Dusan Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. More, Karren Borup, Rodney L. Mukundana, Rangachary TI Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Operated at Subfreezing Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY TOMOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; GAS-DIFFUSION LAYERS; COLD START BEHAVIOR; 1D TRANSIENT MODEL; ICE FORMATION; FROST HEAVE; CATALYST LAYER; PHYSICAL DEGRADATION; WATER TRANSPORT; SURFACE-TENSION AB The structure, composition, and interfaces of membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and gas-diffusion layers (GDLs) have a significant effect on the performance of single-proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells operated isothermally at subfreezing temperatures. During isothermal constant-current operation at subfreezing temperatures, water forming at the cathode initially hydrates the membrane, then forms ice in the catalyst layer and/or GDL. This ice formation results in a gradual decay in voltage. High-frequency resistance initially decreases due to an increase in membrane water content and then increases over time as the contact resistance increases. The water/ice holding capacity of a fuel cell decreases with decreasing subfreezing temperature (-10 degrees C vs. -20 degrees C vs. -30 degrees C) and increasing current density (0.02 A cm(-2) vs. 0.04 A cm(-2)). Ice formation monitored using in-situ high-resolution neutron radiography indicated that the ice was concentrated near the cathode catalyst layer at low operating temperatures (approximate to-20 degrees C) and high current densities (0.04 A cm(-2)). Significant ice formation was also observed in the GDLs at higher subfreezing temperatures (approximate to-10 degrees C) and lower current densities (0.02 A cm(-2)). These results are in good agreement with the long-term durability observations that show more severe degradation at lower temperatures (-20 degrees C and -30 degrees C). (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Macauley, Natalia; Lujan, Roger W.; Spernjak, Dusan; Borup, Rodney L.; Mukundana, Rangachary] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [More, Karren] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Macauley, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nmacaule@sfu.ca OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's Office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660] FX This work was supported by the Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy. The authors from Los Alamos thank the Technology Development Managers, Dr. Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos and Dr. Nancy Garland for supporting this effort. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's Office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the U.S. Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. Microscopy was performed as part of a user project at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), which is a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 13 BP F1317 EP F1329 DI 10.1149/2.0191613jes PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8YD UT WOS:000389155900091 ER PT J AU Xin, L Yang, F Qiu, Y Uzunoglu, A Rockward, T Borup, RL Stanciu, LA Li, W Xie, J AF Xin, Le Yang, Fan Qiu, Yang Uzunoglu, Aytekin Rockward, Tommy Borup, Rodney L. Stanciu, Lia A. Li, Wenzhen Xie, Jian TI Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Functionalized Nanographene as Highly Stable Catalyst Support for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; CARBON CORROSION; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; GRAPHENE; DURABILITY; PERFORMANCE; DEGRADATION; STABILITY; OXIDATION; BLACK AB Nanoscale graphenes were used as cathode catalyst supports in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Surface-initiated polymerization that covalently bonds polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymer on the surface of graphene supports enables the uniform distribution of the Pt nanoparticles, as well as allows the sealing of the unterminated carbon bonds usually present on the edge of graphene from the chemical reduction of graphene oxide. The nanographene effectively shortens the length of channels and pores for O-2 diffusion/water dissipation and significantly increases the primary pore volume. Further addition of p-phenyl sulfonic functional graphitic carbon particles as spacers, increases the specific volume of the secondary pores and greatly improves O-2 mass transport within the catalyst layers. The developed composite cathode catalyst of Pt/PBI-nanographene (50 wt%) + SO3H-graphitic carbon black demonstrates a higher beginning of life (BOL) PEMFC performance as compared to both Pt/PBI-nanographene (50 wt%) and Pt/PBI-graphene (50 wt%) + SO3H-graphitic carbon black (GCB). Accelerated stress tests show excellent support durability compared to that of traditional Pt/Vulcan XC72 catalysts, when subjected to 10,000 cycles from 1.0 V to 1.5 V. This study suggests the promise of using PBI-nanographene + SO3H-GCB hybrid supports in fuel cells to achieve the 2020 DOE targets for transportation applications. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. C1 [Xin, Le; Yang, Fan; Xie, Jian] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Yang, Fan] Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Qiu, Yang; Li, Wenzhen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Biorenewables Res Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Uzunoglu, Aytekin; Stanciu, Lia A.] Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rockward, Tommy; Borup, Rodney L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Synth & Integrated Devices MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stanciu, Lia A.] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Xie, J (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Purdue Sch Engn & Technol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM jianxie@iupui.edu RI Yang, Fan/D-8277-2017 FU NSF [MRI-1229514]; U.S. DOE, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Technology Development FX We acknowledge the Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI) for the use of their JEOL 7800F Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope that was awarded under NSF grant MRI-1229514. Measurements at Los Alamos were supported by the U.S. DOE, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, Technology Development Manager: Nancy Garland. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 10 BP F1228 EP F1236 DI 10.1149/2.0921610jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WF UT WOS:000389150900103 ER PT J AU Pivovar, B Carmo, M Ayers, K Zhang, X O'Brien, J AF Pivovar, B. Carmo, M. Ayers, K. Zhang, X. O'Brien, J. TI Preface-JES Focus Issue on Electrolysis for Increased Renewable Energy Penetration SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pivovar, B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Technol & Syst Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Carmo, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK3, Julich, Nrw 52428, Germany. [Ayers, K.] Proton Onsite, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. [Zhang, X.] Old Dominion Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [O'Brien, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Pivovar, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Hydrogen Technol & Syst Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bryan.pivovar@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 11 BP Y19 EP Y19 DI 10.1149/2.0281611jes PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED8WG UT WOS:000389151000001 ER PT S AU Meng, ZY Koniges, A He, Y Williams, S Kurth, T Cook, B Deslippe, J Bertozzi, AL AF Meng, Zhaoyi Koniges, Alice He, Yun (Helen) Williams, Samuel Kurth, Thorsten Cook, Brandon Deslippe, Jack Bertozzi, Andrea L. BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI OpenMP Parallelization and Optimization of Graph-Based Machine Learning Algorithms SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN DE Semi-supervised; Unsupervised; Data; Algorithms; OpenMP; Optimization ID DIFFUSE INTERFACE MODELS; HIGH-DIMENSIONAL DATA; CLASSIFICATION AB We investigate the OpenMP parallelization and optimization of two novel data classification algorithms. The new algorithms are based on graph and PDE solution techniques and provide significant accuracy and performance advantages over traditional data classification algorithms in serial mode. The methods leverage the Nystrom extension to calculate eigenvalue/eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian and this is a self-contained module that can be used in conjunction with other graph-Laplacian based methods such as spectral clustering. We use performance tools to collect the hotspots and memory access of the serial codes and use OpenMP as the parallelization language to parallelize the most time-consuming parts. Where possible, we also use library routines. We then optimize the OpenMP implementations and detail the performance on traditional supercomputer nodes (in our case a Cray XC30), and test the optimization steps on emerging testbed systems based on Intel's Knights Corner and Landing processors. We show both performance improvement and strong scaling behavior. A large number of optimization techniques and analyses are necessary before the algorithm reaches almost ideal scaling. C1 [Meng, Zhaoyi; Bertozzi, Andrea L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Koniges, Alice; He, Yun (Helen); Williams, Samuel; Kurth, Thorsten; Cook, Brandon; Deslippe, Jack] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meng, ZY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.; Meng, ZY; Koniges, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mzhy@ucla.edu; aekoniges@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_2 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000002 ER PT S AU Pophale, S Hernandez, O AF Pophale, Swaroop Hernandez, Oscar BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI Evaluating OpenMP Affinity on the POWER8 Architecture SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN AB As we move toward pre-Exascale systems, two of the DOE leadership class systems will consist of very powerful OpenPOWER compute nodes which will be more complex to program. These systems will have massive amounts of parallelism; where threads may be running on POWER9 cores as well as on accelerators. Advances in memory interconnects, such as NVLINK, will provide a unified shared memory address spaces for different types of memories HBM, DRAM, etc. In preparation for such system, we need to improve our understanding on how OpenMP supports the concept of affinity as well as memory placement on POWER8 systems. Data locality and affinity are key program optimizations to exploit the compute and memory capabilities to achieve good performance by minimizing data motion across NUMA domains and access the cache efficiently. This paper is the first step to evaluate the current features of OpenMP 4.0 on the POWER8 processors, and on how to measure its effects on a system with two POWER8 sockets. We experiment with the different affinity settings provided by OpenMP 4.0 to quantify the costs of having good data locality vs not, and measure their effects via hardware counters. We also find out which affinity settings benefits more from data locality. Based on this study we describe the current state of art, the challenges we faced in quantifying effects of affinity, and ideas on how OpenMP 5.0 should be improved to address affinity in the context of NUMA domains and accelerators. C1 [Pophale, Swaroop; Hernandez, Oscar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37840 USA. RP Pophale, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37840 USA. EM pophaless@ornl.gov; oscar@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_3 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000003 ER PT S AU Terboven, C Hahnfeld, J Teruel, X Mateo, S Duran, A Klemm, M Olivier, SL de Supinski, BR AF Terboven, Christian Hahnfeld, Jonas Teruel, Xavier Mateo, Sergi Duran, Alejandro Klemm, Michael Olivier, Stephen L. de Supinski, Bronis R. BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI Approaches for Task Affinity in OpenMP SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN AB OpenMP tasking supports parallelization of irregular algorithms. Recent OpenMP specifications extended tasking to increase functionality and to support optimizations, for instance with the taskloop construct. However, task scheduling remains opaque, which leads to inconsistent performance on NUMA architectures. We assess design issues for task affinity and explore several approaches to enable it. We evaluate these proposals with implementations in the Nanos++ and LLVM OpenMP runtimes that improve performance up to 40% and significantly reduce execution time variation. C1 [Terboven, Christian; Hahnfeld, Jonas] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IT Ctr, Chair High Performance Comp, Aachen, Germany. [Teruel, Xavier; Mateo, Sergi] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Duran, Alejandro; Klemm, Michael] Intel, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Olivier, Stephen L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [de Supinski, Bronis R.] LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Terboven, C (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IT Ctr, Chair High Performance Comp, Aachen, Germany. EM terboven@itc.rwth-aachen.de; hahnfeld@itc.rwth-aachen.de; xavier.teruel@bsc.es; sergi.mateo@bsc.es; alejandro.duran@intel.com; michael.klemm@intel.com; slolivi@sandia.gov; bronis@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 102 EP 115 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_8 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000008 ER PT S AU Scogland, T de Supinski, B AF Scogland, Tom de Supinski, Bronis BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI A Case for Extending Task Dependencies SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN DE Tasks; Producer/consumer; Interoperability AB Tasks offer a natural mechanism to express asynchronous operations in OpenMP as well as to express parallel patterns with dynamic sizes and shapes. Since the release of OpenMP 4 task dependencies have made an already flexible tool practical in many more situations. Even so, while tasks can be made asynchronous with respect to the encountering thread, there are no mechanisms to tie an OpenMP task into a truly asynchronous operation outside of OpenMP without blocking an OpenMP thread. Additionally, producer/consumer parallel patterns, or more generally pipeline parallel patterns, suffer from the lack of a convenient and efficient point-to-point synchronization and data passing mechanism. This paper presents a set of extensions, leveraging the task and dependency mechanisms, that can help users and implementers tie tasks into other asynchronous systems and more naturally express pipeline parallelism while decreasing the overhead of passing data between otherwise small tasks by as much as 80 %. C1 [Scogland, Tom; de Supinski, Bronis] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Scogland, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM scogland1@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 130 EP 140 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_10 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000010 ER PT S AU Amer, A Matsuoka, S Pericas, M Maruyama, N Taura, K Yokota, R Balaji, P AF Amer, Abdelhalim Matsuoka, Satoshi Pericas, Miquel Maruyama, Naoya Taura, Kenjiro Yokota, Rio Balaji, Pavan BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI Scaling FMM with Data-Driven OpenMP Tasks on Multicore Architectures SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN AB Poor scalability on parallel architectures can be attributed to several factors, among which idle times, data movement, and runtime overhead are predominant. Conventional parallel loops and nested parallelism have proved successful for regular computational patterns. For more complex and irregular cases, however, these methods often perform poorly because they consider only a subset of these costs. Although data-driven methods are gaining popularity for efficiently utilizing computational cores, their data movement and runtime costs can be prohibitive for highly dynamic and irregular algorithms, such as fast multipole methods (FMMs). Furthermore, loop tiling, a technique that promotes data locality and has been successful for regular parallel methods, has received little attention in the context of dynamic and irregular parallelism. We present a method to exploit loop tiling in data-driven parallel methods. Here, we specify a methodology to spawn work units characterized by a high data locality potential. Work units operate on tiled computational patterns and serve as building blocks in an OpenMP task-based data-driven execution. In particular, by the adjusting work unit granularity, idle times and runtime overheads are also taken into account. We apply this method to a popular FMM implementation and show that, with careful tuning, the new method outperforms existing parallel-loop and user-level thread-based implementations by up to fourfold on 48 cores. C1 [Amer, Abdelhalim; Balaji, Pavan] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Matsuoka, Satoshi; Yokota, Rio] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. [Pericas, Miquel] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Maruyama, Naoya] RIKEN Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo 6500047, Japan. [Taura, Kenjiro] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Amer, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM aamer@anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 156 EP 170 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_12 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000012 ER PT S AU Yan, Y Hammond, JR Liao, C Eichenberger, AE AF Yan, Yonghong Hammond, Jeff R. Liao, Chunhua Eichenberger, Alexandre E. BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI A Proposal to OpenMP for Addressing the CPU Oversubscription Challenge SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN AB OpenMP has become a successful programming model for developing multi-threaded applications. However, there are still some challenges in terms of OpenMP's interoperability within itself and with other parallel programming APIs. In this paper, we explore typical use cases that expose OpenMP's interoperability challenges and report our proposed solutions for addressing the resource oversubscription issue as the efforts by the OpenMP Interoperability language subcommittee. The solutions include OpenMP runtime routines for changing the wait policies, which include ACTIVE(SPIN BUSY or SPIN PAUSE), PASSIVE (SPIN YIELD or SUSPEND), of idling threads for improved resource management, and routines for supporting contributing OpenMP threads to other thread libraries or tasks. Our initial implementations are being done by extending two OpenMP runtime libraries, Intel OpenMP (IOMP) and GNU OpenMP (GOMP). The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to address the CPU oversubscription challenge and detailed analysis provide heuristics for selecting an optimal wait policy according to the oversubscription ratios. C1 [Yan, Yonghong] Oakland Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. [Hammond, Jeff R.] Intel Corp, Parallel Comp Lab, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Liao, Chunhua] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. [Eichenberger, Alexandre E.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. [Yan, Yonghong; Eichenberger, Alexandre E.] OpenMP Interoperabil Language Subcomm, Houston, TX 77004 USA. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.; Yan, Y (reprint author), OpenMP Interoperabil Language Subcomm, Houston, TX 77004 USA. EM yan@oakland.edu; jeff_hammond@acm.org; liao6@llnl.gov; alexe@us.ibm.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_14 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000014 ER PT S AU Protze, J Ahn, DH Laguna, I Schulz, M Muller, MS AF Protze, Joachim Ahn, Dong H. Laguna, Ignacio Schulz, Martin Mueller, Matthias S. BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI Testing Infrastructure for OpenMP Debugging Interface Implementations SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN AB With complex codes moving to systems of greater on-node parallelism using OpenMP, debugging these codes is becoming increasingly challenging. While debuggers can significantly aid programmers, OpenMP support within existing debuggers is either largely ineffective or unsustainable. The OpenMP tools working group is working to specify a debugging interface for the OpenMP standard to be implemented by every OpenMP runtime implementation. To increase the acceptance of this interface by runtime implementers and to ensure the quality of these interface implementations, availability of a common testing infrastructure compatible with any runtime implementation is critical. In this paper, we present a promising software architecture for such a testing infrastructure. C1 [Protze, Joachim; Mueller, Matthias S.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Protze, Joachim; Mueller, Matthias S.] JARA High Performance Comp, D-52062 Aachen, Germany. [Ahn, Dong H.; Laguna, Ignacio; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Laguna, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM protze@itc.rwth-aachen.de; ahn1@llnl.gov; lagunaperalt1@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov; mueller@itc.rwth-aachen.de NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 205 EP 216 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_15 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000015 ER PT S AU Karlin, I Scogland, T Jacob, AC Antao, SF Bercea, GT Bertolli, C de Supinski, BR Draeger, EW Eichenberger, AE Glosli, J Jones, H Kunen, A Poliakoff, D Richards, DF AF Karlin, Ian Scogland, Tom Jacob, Arpith C. Antao, Samuel F. Bercea, Gheorghe-Teodor Bertolli, Carlo de Supinski, Bronis R. Draeger, Erik W. Eichenberger, Alexandre E. Glosli, Jim Jones, Holger Kunen, Adam Poliakoff, David Richards, David F. BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI Early Experiences Porting Three Applications to OpenMP 4.5 SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN DE OpenMP 4.5; Application porting experiences; Performance portability ID PERFORMANCE PORTABILITY AB Many application developers need code that runs efficiently on multiple architectures, but cannot afford to maintain architecturally specific codes. With the addition of target directives to support offload accelerators, OpenMP now has the machinery to support performance portable code development. In this paper, we describe application ports of Kripke, Cardioid, and LULESH to OpenMP 4.5 and discuss our successes and failures. Challenges encountered include how OpenMP interacts with C++ including classes with virtual methods and lambda functions. Also, the lack of deep copy support in OpenMP increased code complexity. Finally, GPUs inability to handle virtual function calls required code restructuring. Despite these challenges we demonstrate OpenMP obtains performance within 10% of hand written CUDA for memory bandwidth bound kernels in LULESH. In addition, we show with a minor change to the OpenMP standard that register usage for OpenMP code can be reduced by up to 10 %. C1 [Karlin, Ian; Scogland, Tom; de Supinski, Bronis R.; Draeger, Erik W.; Glosli, Jim; Jones, Holger; Kunen, Adam; Poliakoff, David; Richards, David F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Jacob, Arpith C.; Antao, Samuel F.; Bertolli, Carlo; Eichenberger, Alexandre E.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Bercea, Gheorghe-Teodor] Imperial Coll London, Dept Comp, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Karlin, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM karlin1@llnl.gov; scogland1@llnl.gov; acjacob@us.ibm.com; sfantao@us.ibm.com; gheorghe-teodor.bercea08@imperial.ac.uk; cbertol@us.ibm.com; bronis@llnl.gov; draeger1@llnl.gov; alexe@us.ibm.com; jones19@llnl.gov; kunen1@llnl.gov; poliakoff1@llnl.gov; richards12@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_20 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000020 ER PT S AU Bihari, BL Yang, UM Wong, M de Supinski, BR AF Bihari, Barna L. Yang, Ulrike M. Wong, Michael de Supinski, Bronis R. BE Maruyama, N DeSupinski, BR Wahib, M TI Transactional Memory for Algebraic Multigrid Smoothers SO OpenMP: Memory, Devices, and Tasks SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP) CY OCT 05-07, 2016 CL Nara, JAPAN ID OPENMP AB This paper extends our early investigations in which we compared transactional memory to traditional OpenMP synchronization mechanisms [7,8]. We study similar issues for algebraic multigrid (AMG) smoothers in hypre [16], a mature and widely used production-quality linear solver library. We compare the transactional version of the Gauss-Seidel AMG smoother to an omp critical version and the default hybrid Gauss-Seidel smoother, as well as the l(1) variations of both Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi smoothers. Importantly, we present results for real-life 2-D and 3-D problems discretized by the finite element method that demonstrate the TM option can outperform the existing methods, often by orders of magnitude, in terms of the recently introduced performance measure of run time per quality. C1 [Bihari, Barna L.; Yang, Ulrike M.; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wong, Michael] Codeplay Software, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Bihari, BL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bihari1@llnl.gov; yang11@llnl.gov; desupinski1@llnl.gov; fraggamuffin@gmail.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45549-5; 978-3-319-45550-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9903 BP 320 EP 335 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45550-1_23 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5HM UT WOS:000389500000023 ER PT S AU Ishikawa, Y Edelstein, J Silber, JH Poppett, C AF Ishikawa, Yuzo Edelstein, Jerry Silber, Joseph H. Poppett, Claire BE Sasian, J Youngworth, RN TI Using short helically wrapped single-mode fibers as illuminated fiducials SO Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Optical System Alignment, Tolerancing, and Verification X CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical fibers; illuminated fiducials; helical bend; single-mode AB The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a Stage IV ground-based dark energy experiment to map the large-scale structure of the universe and to probe the nature of dark energy. DESI is a massively multiplexed fiber-fed spectrograph, using a 5000-fiber-positioner focal plane assembly to image millions of galaxies. Since these fiber positioners must be positioned to 10-um accuracy, the focal plane must be mapped to micron level precision. We intend to use illuminated fiducials as point sources to accurately calibrate the focal plane surface. In this study we explored using short single-mode fibers as illuminated fiducials. However, despite the advantages of using single-mode fibers, as a near point source, optical fibers have length-dependence behavior: as shorter tend to guide core light into the cladding, which is not ideal for fiducial centroid-measurements. In this paper, we demonstrate that adding tight helical bends to the fibers eliminates unwanted flux in the cladding, improving centroid measurements by more than 50%. This technique has proven with fibers as short as 2-inches, obtaining centroid with at least 0.5-micron precision. This experiment eliminates fiber-length dependence, thus proving the viability of using short single-mode fibers as illuminated fiducials or similar applications C1 [Ishikawa, Yuzo; Edelstein, Jerry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Silber, Joseph H.; Poppett, Claire] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ishikawa, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yuzoishi@berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0293-9; 978-1-5106-0294-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9951 AR UNSP 99510Q DI 10.1117/12.2236690 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG5IG UT WOS:000389504700024 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Anderson, CN Chao, WL Goldberg, KA Gullikson, E Salmassi, F Wojdyla, A AF Naulleau, Patrick Anderson, Christopher N. Chao, Weilun Goldberg, Kenneth A. Gullikson, Eric Salmassi, Farhad Wojdyla, Antoine BE Yoshioka, N TI Ultrahigh efficiency EUV contact-hole printing with chromeless phase shift mask SO Photomask Japan 2016: XXIII Symposium on Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Photomask Japan 23rd Symposium on Photomask and Next-Generation Lithography Mask Technology CY APR 06-08, 2016 CL Yokohama, JAPAN SP Photomask Japan, SPIE, BACUS, EMLC, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Japan Soc Precis Engn, Inst Elect Engn, SEMI DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; photomask; phase shift mask AB Contact-hole layer patterning is expected to be one of the first applications for EUV lithography. Conventional darkfield absorber masks, however, are extremely inefficient for these layers, placing even more burden on the already challenging source power demands. To address this concern, a checkerboard phase shift mask configuration has been proposed yielding theoretical throughput gains of 5x assuming a thin-mask modeling. In this manuscript we describe the fabrication of such a mask and demonstrate its imaging performance using the SHARP EUV microscope and MET exposure tool at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. For 25-nm dense features, the phase shift mask was shown to provide a throughput gain of 8x based on SHARP and 7x based on the Berkeley MET. The higher then predicted gain is expected to be due to the fact that the thin mask modeling used in the initial prediction misses shadowing effects. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick; Anderson, Christopher N.; Chao, Weilun; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Gullikson, Eric; Salmassi, Farhad; Wojdyla, Antoine] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0372-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9984 AR UNSP 99840P DI 10.1117/12.2243321 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BG4OY UT WOS:000389022300024 ER PT J AU Yoo, W Sim, A Wu, KS AF Yoo, Wucherl Sim, Alex Wu, Kesheng GP IEEE TI Machine Learning Based Job Status Prediction in Scientific Clusters SO Proceedings of the 2016 SAI Computing Conference (SAI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SAI Computing Conference (SAI) CY JUL 13-15, 2016 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE, Inst Engn & Technol, Usenix, Deutsche Telekom, Deep ER, iMinds, Cancer Res UK, BCS, Sci & Informat Org DE Reliability; Job Log Analysis; Job Status Prediction AB Large high-performance computing systems are built with increasing number of components with more CPU cores, more memory, and more storage space. At the same time, scientific applications have been growing in complexity. Together, they are leading to more frequent unsuccessful job statuses on HPC systems. From measured job statuses, 23.4% of CPU time was spent to the unsuccessful jobs. We set out to study whether these unsuccessful job statuses could be anticipated from known job characteristics. To explore this possibility, we have developed a job status prediction method for the execution of jobs on scientific clusters. The Random Forests algorithm was applied to extract and characterize the patterns of unsuccessful job statuses. Experimental results show that our method can predict the unsuccessful job statuses from the monitored ongoing job executions in 99.8% the cases with 83.6% recall and 94.8% precision. This prediction accuracy can be sufficiently high that it can be used to mitigation procedures of predicted failures. C1 [Yoo, Wucherl; Sim, Alex; Wu, Kesheng] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yoo, W (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wyoo@lbl.gov; asim@lbl.gov; kwu@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8460-5 PY 2016 BP 44 EP 53 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BG5EW UT WOS:000389451900004 ER PT S AU Wu, KS Coviello, EN Flanagan, SM Greenwald, M Lee, X Romosan, A Schissel, DP Shoshani, A Stillerman, J Wright, J AF Wu, Kesheng Coviello, Elizabeth N. Flanagan, S. M. Greenwald, Martin Lee, Xia Romosan, Alex Schissel, David P. Shoshani, Arie Stillerman, Josh Wright, John BE Mattoso, M Glavic, B TI MPO: A System to Document and Analyze Distributed Heterogeneous Workflows SO Provenance and Annotation of Data and Processes, IPAW 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Provenance and Annotation Workshop (IPAW) CY JUN 07-08, 2016 CL McLean, VA SP MITRE Corp ID SCIENTIFIC WORKFLOWS; METADATA AB Large scientific experiments and simulations produce vast quantities of data. Though smaller in volume, the corresponding metadata describing the production, pedigree, and ontology, is just as important as the raw data to the scientific discovery process. Driven by the application needs of a number of large-scale distributed workflows, we develop a metadata capturing and analysis system called MPO (short for Metadata, Provenance, Ontology). It seamlessly integrates with most data analysis environments and requires a minimal amount of changes to users' existing analysis programs. Users have the full control of how to instrument their programs to capture as much or as little information as they desire. Once captured in a database system, the workflows can be visualized and studied through a set of web-based tools. In large scientific collaborations where the workflows have been built up over decades, this ability to instrument the complex existing workflows and visualize the key interactions among the software components is tremendously useful. C1 [Wu, Kesheng; Romosan, Alex; Shoshani, Arie] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Coviello, Elizabeth N.; Flanagan, S. M.; Lee, Xia; Schissel, David P.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Greenwald, Martin; Stillerman, Josh; Wright, John] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wu, KS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kwu@lbl.gov OI Stillerman, Joshua/0000-0003-0901-0806 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-40593-3; 978-3-319-40592-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9672 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-40593-3_14 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5GX UT WOS:000389496000014 ER PT S AU Cao, Y Jones, C Cuevas-Vicenttin, V Jones, MB Ludascher, B McPhillips, T Missier, P Schwalm, C Slaughter, P Vieglais, D Walker, L Wei, YX AF Cao, Yang Jones, Christopher Cuevas-Vicenttin, Victor Jones, Matthew B. Ludascher, Bertram McPhillips, Timothy Missier, Paolo Schwalm, Christopher Slaughter, Peter Vieglais, Dave Walker, Lauren Wei, Yaxing BE Mattoso, M Glavic, B TI DataONE: A Data Federation with Provenance Support SO Provenance and Annotation of Data and Processes, IPAW 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Provenance and Annotation Workshop (IPAW) CY JUN 07-08, 2016 CL McLean, VA SP MITRE Corp AB DataONE is a federated data network focusing on earth and environmental science data. We present the provenance and search features of DataONE by means of an example involving three earth scientists who interact through a DataONE Member Node. DataONE provenance systems enable reproducible research and facilitate proper attribution of scientific results transitively across generations of derived data products. C1 [Cao, Yang; Ludascher, Bertram; McPhillips, Timothy] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Jones, Christopher; Jones, Matthew B.; Slaughter, Peter; Walker, Lauren] UCSB, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Cuevas-Vicenttin, Victor] Univ Popular Autonoma Estado Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Missier, Paolo] Newcastle Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [Schwalm, Christopher] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Vieglais, Dave] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Wei, Yaxing] ORNL, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Cao, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM sycao5@gmail.com OI Cuevas-Vicenttin, Victor/0000-0001-9869-7931 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-40593-3; 978-3-319-40592-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9672 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-40593-3_28 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG5GX UT WOS:000389496000028 ER PT S AU Albrecht, M Fast, J Schwartz, A AF Albrecht, Mike Fast, James Schwartz, Alan BE Grim, GP Barber, HB Furenlid, LR TI Design and manufacture of imaging time-of-propagation optics SO Radiation Detectors: Systems and Applications XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID II TOP COUNTER AB There are several challenges associated with the design and manufacture of the optics required for the imaging time-of- propagation detector constructed for the Belle II particle physics experiment. This detector uses Cherenkov light radiated in quartz bars to identify subatomic particles: pions, kaons, and protons. The optics are physically large (125 cm x 45 cm x 2 cm bars and 45 cm x 10 cm x 5 cm prisms), all surfaces are optically polished, and there is very little allowance for chamfers or surface defects. In addition to the optical challenges, there are several logistical and handling challenges associated with measuring, assembling, cleaning, packaging, and shipping these delicate precision optics. This paper describes a collaborative effort between Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the University of Cincinnati, and ZYGO Corporation for the design and manufacture of 48 fused silica optics (30 bars and 18 prisms) for the iTOP Detector. Details of the iTOP detector design that drove the challenging optical requirements are provided, along with material selection considerations. Since the optics are so large, precise, and delicate, special care had to be given to the selection of a manufacturing process capable of achieving the challenging optical and surface defect requirements on such large and high-aspect-ratio (66:1) components. A brief update on the current status and performance of these optics is also provided. C1 [Albrecht, Mike] Zygo Corp, 21 Laurel Brook Rd, Middlefield, CT 06455 USA. [Fast, James] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Schwartz, Alan] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, POB 210011, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Albrecht, M (reprint author), Zygo Corp, 21 Laurel Brook Rd, Middlefield, CT 06455 USA. EM michael.albrecht@ametek.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0329-5; 978-1-5106-0330-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9969 AR UNSP 99690C DI 10.1117/12.2238833 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5DB UT WOS:000389379500011 ER PT S AU Gehring, AE Espy, MA Haines, TJ Webb, TJ AF Gehring, Amanda E. Espy, Michelle A. Haines, Todd J. Webb, Timothy J. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB Furenlid, LR TI Recent results from Compton spectrometer experiments SO Radiation Detectors: Systems and Applications XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Compton spectrometer; x-ray spectrometry; gamma ray spectrometry AB During the previous three years, a Compton spectrometer has successfully measured the x-ray spectra of both continuous and flash radiographic sources. In this method, a collimated beam of x-rays incident on a convertor foil ejects Compton electrons. A collimator in the entrance to the spectrometer selects the forward-scattered electrons, which enter the magnetic field region of the spectrometer. The position of the electrons at the magnet's focal plane is proportional to the square root of their momentum, allowing the x-ray spectrum to be reconstructed. The spectrometer is a neodymium-iron magnet which measures spectra in the < 1 MeV to 20 MeV energy range. The energy resolution of the spectrometer was experimentally tested with the 44 MeV Short-Pulse Electron LINAC at the Idaho Accelerator Center. The measured values are mostly consistent with the design specification and historical values of the greater of 1% or 0.1 MeV. Experimental results from this study are presented in these proceedings. C1 [Gehring, Amanda E.; Espy, Michelle A.; Haines, Todd J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Webb, Timothy J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gehring, AE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gehring@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0329-5; 978-1-5106-0330-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9969 AR UNSP 996906 DI 10.1117/12.2238310 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5DB UT WOS:000389379500005 ER PT S AU Jimenez, ES Collins, NM Holswade, EA Devonshire, ML Thompson, KR AF Jimenez, Edward S. Collins, Noelle M. Holswade, Erica A. Devonshire, Madison L. Thompson, Kyle R. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB Furenlid, LR TI Developing Imaging Capabilities of Multi-Channel Detectors Comparable to Traditional X-Ray Detector Technology for Industrial and Security Applications SO Radiation Detectors: Systems and Applications XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB This work will investigate the imaging capabilities of the Multix multi-channel linear array detector and its potential suitability for big-data industrial and security applications versus that which is currently deployed. Multi-channel imaging data holds huge promise in not only finer resolution in materials classification, but also in materials identification and elevated data quality for various radiography and computed tomography applications. The potential pitfall is the signal quality contained within individual channels as well as the required exposure and acquisition time necessary to obtain images comparable to those of traditional configurations. This work will present results of these detector technologies as they pertain to a subset of materials of interest to the industrial and security communities; namely, water, copper, lead, polyethylene, and tin. C1 [Jimenez, Edward S.; Collins, Noelle M.; Holswade, Erica A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0932, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Devonshire, Madison L.; Thompson, Kyle R.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0555, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jimenez, ES (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0932, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM esjimen@sandia.gov; krthomp@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0329-5; 978-1-5106-0330-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9969 AR UNSP 99690A DI 10.1117/12.2243566 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5DB UT WOS:000389379500009 ER PT S AU Malone, RM Buckles, RA DeYoung, A Garza, I Frayer, DK Kaufman, MI Morgan, GL Obst, AW Rundberg, RS Tinsley, J Waltman, TB Yuan, VW AF Malone, Robert M. Buckles, Robert A. DeYoung, Anemarie Garza, Irene Frayer, Daniel K. Kaufman, Morris I. Morgan, George L. Obst, Andrew W. Rundberg, Robert S. Tinsley, Jim Waltman, Tom B. Yuan, Vincent W. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB Furenlid, LR TI Improving the time response of a gamma/neutron liquid detector SO Radiation Detectors: Systems and Applications XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE gamma ray detection; neutron detection; liquid scintillators; optical illumination design AB A pulsed neutron source is used to interrogate a target, producing secondary gammas and neutrons. In order to make good use of the relatively small number of gamma rays that emerge from the system after the neutron flash, our detector system must be both efficient in converting gamma rays to a detectable electronic signal and reasonably large in volume. Isotropic gamma rays are emitted from the target. These signals are converted to light within a large chamber of a liquid scintillator. To provide adequate time-of-flight separation between the gamma and neutron signals, the liquid scintillator is placed meters away from the target under interrogation. An acrylic PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) light guide directs the emission light from the chamber into a 5-inch-diameter photomultiplier tube. However, this PMMA light guide produces a time delay for much of the light. Illumination design programs count rays traced from the source to a receiver. By including the index of refraction of the different materials that the rays pass through, the optical power at the receiver is calculated. An illumination design program can be used to optimize the optical material geometries to maximize the ray count and/or the receiver power. A macro was written to collect the optical path lengths of the rays and import them into a spreadsheet, where histograms of the time histories of the rays are plotted. This method allows optimization on the time response of different optical detector systems. One liquid scintillator chamber has been filled with a grid of reflective plates to improve its time response. Cylindrical detector geometries are more efficient. C1 [Malone, Robert M.; Buckles, Robert A.; Frayer, Daniel K.; Kaufman, Morris I.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, New Mexico Operat, Los Alamos Off, 182 East Gate Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Garza, Irene; Waltman, Tom B.] Natl Secur Technol LLC, Nevada Operat, POB 98521, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. [DeYoung, Anemarie; Morgan, George L.; Obst, Andrew W.; Rundberg, Robert S.; Yuan, Vincent W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tinsley, Jim] Natl Secur Technol LLC, 5520 Ekwill St,Suite B, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Malone, RM (reprint author), Natl Secur Technol LLC, New Mexico Operat, Los Alamos Off, 182 East Gate Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM malonerm@nv.doe.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0329-5; 978-1-5106-0330-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9969 AR UNSP 99690D DI 10.1117/12.2238957 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5DB UT WOS:000389379500012 ER PT S AU Sun, KX Nelson, RO Yeamans, C AF Sun, Ke-Xun Nelson, Ron O. Yeamans, Charles BE Grim, GP Barber, HB Furenlid, LR TI Radiation effects in GaN devices and materials (Conference Presentation) SO Radiation Detectors: Systems and Applications XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Sun, Ke-Xun] Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Nelson, Ron O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Yeamans, Charles] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Sun, KX (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0329-5; 978-1-5106-0330-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9969 AR UNSP 996905 DI 10.1117/12.2238483 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5DB UT WOS:000389379500004 ER PT S AU Vita, JA Wantuch, AC Jimenez, ES Bray, IE AF Vita, Joshua A. Wantuch, Andrew C. Jimenez, Edward S. Bray, Iliana E. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB Furenlid, LR TI Hybrid object detection system for X-ray radiographs SO Radiation Detectors: Systems and Applications XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID FEATURES AB While object detection is a relatively well-developed field with respect to visible light photographs, there are significantly fewer algorithms designed to work with other imaging modalities. X-ray radiographs have many unique characteristics that introduce additional challenges that can cause common image processing and object detection algorithms to begin to fail. Examples of these problematic attributes include the fact that radiographs are only represented in gray scale with similar textures and that transmission overlap occurs when multiple objects are overlaid on top of each other. In this paper we not only analyze the effectiveness of common object detection techniques as applied to our specific database, but also outline how we combined various techniques to improve overall performance. While significant strides have been made towards developing a robust object detection algorithm for use with the given database, it is still a work in progress. Further research will be needed in order to deal with the specific obstacles posed by radiographs and X-ray imaging systems. Success in this project would have disruptive repercussions in fields ranging from medical imaging to manufacturing quality assurance and national security. C1 [Vita, Joshua A.; Wantuch, Andrew C.; Jimenez, Edward S.; Bray, Iliana E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0932, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vita, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0932, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jvita@sandia.gov; acwantu@sandia.gov; esjimen@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0329-5; 978-1-5106-0330-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9969 AR UNSP 996909 DI 10.1117/12.2237213 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5DB UT WOS:000389379500008 ER PT S AU Wantuch, AC Vita, JA Jimenez, ES Bray, IE AF Wantuch, Andrew C. Vita, Joshua A. Jimenez, Edward S. Bray, Iliana E. BE Grim, GP Barber, HB Furenlid, LR TI Exploration of available feature detection and identification systems and their performance on radiographs SO Radiation Detectors: Systems and Applications XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radiation Detectors - Systems and Applications XVII CY AUG 31-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Computer Vision; Radiography; Feature Extraction; Object Identification; SIFT; SURF; MSER; Harris-Stephens AB Despite object detection, recognition, and identification being very active areas of computer vision research, many of the available tools to aid in these processes are designed with only photographs in mind. Although some algorithms used specifically for feature detection and identification may not take explicit advantage of the colors available in the image, they still under-perform on radiographs, which are grayscale images. We are especially interested in the robustness of these algorithms, specifically their performance on a preexisting database of X-ray radiographs in compressed JPEG form, with multiple ways of describing pixel information. We will review various aspects of the performance of available feature detection and identification systems, including MATLABs Computer Vision toolbox, VLFeat, and OpenCV on our non-ideal database. In the process, we will explore possible reasons for the algorithms' lessened ability to detect and identify features from the X-ray radiographs. C1 [Wantuch, Andrew C.; Vita, Joshua A.; Jimenez, Edward S.; Bray, Iliana E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0932, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wantuch, AC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0932, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM acwantu@sandia.gov; jvita@sandia.gov; esjimen@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0329-5; 978-1-5106-0330-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9969 AR UNSP 996907 DI 10.1117/12.2237211 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5DB UT WOS:000389379500006 ER PT S AU Huang, DH Roslyak, O Gumbs, G Pan, W Maradudin, AA AF Huang, D. H. Roslyak, O. Gumbs, G. Pan, W. Maradudin, A. A. BE Hanssen, LM TI Nonlocal Scattering Tensor due to Electromagnetic Coupling of Surface Plasmons to Dirac Plasmons in Graphene SO Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces V CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scattering tensor; electromagnetic coupling; surface plasmon; graphene sheet; hybrid quantum-plasmon modes ID QUANTUM-WELLS; ABSORPTION; FIELD AB The electromagnetic coupling of surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) modes, which are localized around the surface of a conductive substrate, to quantum plasmons in a graphene sheet above the surface is investigated and their hybrid quantum-plasmon modes are analyzed. For a double-layer graphene structure, on the other hand, the interplay between the electromagnetic couplings of SPPs to each graphene sheet is explored. An effective-polarizability tensor for a combined system, including coupled double-layer graphene and conductive substrate, has been derived, which consists of the retarded nonlocal Coulomb interactions between electrons in different graphene sheets and the conductive substrate. Additionally, this calculated effective-scattering tensor can be used for constructing an effective-medium theory to study optical properties of inserted nanorods between the graphene sheets and metallic surface. C1 [Huang, D. H.] Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Roslyak, O.] Fordham Univ, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, 441 East Fordham Rd, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. [Gumbs, G.] CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Pan, W.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Maradudin, A. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Surface & Interface Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Huang, DH (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0313-4; 978-1-5106-0314-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9961 AR UNSP 996104 DI 10.1117/12.2235226 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG5CZ UT WOS:000389379000003 ER PT S AU Kempe, M Wohlgemuth, J Miller, D Postak, L Booth, D Phillips, N AF Kempe, Michael Wohlgemuth, John Miller, David Postak, Lori Booth, Dennis Phillips, Nancy BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Sakurai, K TI Investigation of a Wedge Adhesion Test for Edge Seals SO Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems IX CY AUG 28-29, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE adhesion; edge seal; hermetic; moisture ingress; permeation; wedge ID FRACTURE; POLYISOBUTYLENE; DEVICES; ENERGY; GLASS AB Many photovoltaic (PV) technologies have been found to be sensitive to moisture that diffuses into a PV package. Even with the use of impermeable frontsheets and backsheets, moisture can penetrate from the edges of a module. To limit this moisture ingress pathway from occurring, manufacturers often use a low permeability polyisobutylene (PIB) based edge seal filled with desiccant to further restrict moisture ingress. Moisture ingress studies have shown that these materials are capable of blocking moisture for the 25-year life of a module; but to do so, they must remain well-adhered and free of cracks. This work focuses on adapting the Boeing Wedge test for use with edge seals laminated using glass substrates as part of a strategy to assess the long-term durability of edge seals. The advantage of this method is that it duplicates the residual stresses and strains that a glass/glass module may have when the lamination process results in some residual glass bending that puts the perimeter in tension. Additionally, this method allows one to simultaneously expose the material to thermal stress, humidity, mechanical stress, and ultraviolet radiation. The disadvantage of this method generally is that we are limited by the fracture toughness of the glass substrates that the edge seal is adhered to. However, the low toughness of typical uncrosslinked or sparsely crosslinked PIB makes them suitable for this technique. We present data obtained during the development of the wedge test for use with PV edge seal materials. This includes development of the measuring techniques and evaluation of the test method with relevant materials. We find consistent data within a given experiment, along with the theoretical independence of fracture toughness measurements with wedge thickness. This indicates that the test methodology is reproducible. However, even though individual experimental sets are consistent, the reproducibility between experimental sets is poor. We believe this may be due to inconsistencies in sample history, sample batch, or small changes in sample preparation/assembly from one month to the next. Because the fracture strength of typical edge seal materials is so low, they cannot be relied upon for mechanical strength. A small stress or strain on the edge seal is capable of promoting delamination or tearing causing the edge seal to fail. Because of this, edge seals are very dependent on the processing and construction parameters in the full size PV module such that any long term evaluation of their durability must be conducted on full size modules to be accurate. C1 [Kempe, Michael; Wohlgemuth, John; Miller, David] NREL, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Postak, Lori] Quanex IG Syst Inc, 6680 Parkland Blvd, Solon, OH 44139 USA. [Booth, Dennis] Royal Adhesives & Sealants Inc, 4401 Page Ave, Michigan Ctr, MI 49254 USA. [Phillips, Nancy] 3M Corp, 3M Ctr, 235-3W-52, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP Kempe, M (reprint author), NREL, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0267-0; 978-1-5106-0268-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9938 AR UNSP 993803 DI 10.1117/12.2239161 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG4ZJ UT WOS:000389276000001 ER PT S AU Mu, QZ Zhao, MS Running, SW Kimball, JS McDowell, NG AF Mu, Qiaozhen Zhao, Maosheng Running, Steven W. Kimball, John S. McDowell, Nathan G. BE Gao, W Chang, NB TI Using MODIS Weekly Evapotranspiration to Monitor Drought SO Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability XIII CY AUG 31, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SEVERITY INDEX; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; IMPROVEMENTS; ALGORITHM; CARBON; MODEL AB Regional drought and flooding from extreme climatic events are increasing in frequency and severity, with significant adverse eco-social impacts. Detecting and monitoring drought at regional to global scales remains challenging, despite the availability of various drought indices and widespread availability of potentially synergistic global satellite observational records. Mu et al. (2013) developed a method to generate a near-real-time remotely sensed Drought Severity Index (DSI) to monitor and detect drought globally at 1-km spatial resolution and regular 8-day, monthly and annual frequencies. The DSI integrates and exploits information from current operational satellite based terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) and Vegetation greenness Index (VI) products, which are sensitive to vegetation water stress. Specifically, our approach determines the annual DSI departure from its normal (20002011) using the remotely sensed ratio of ET to potential ET (PET) and NDVI. The DSI results were derived globally and captured documented major regional droughts over the last decade, including severe events in Europe (2003), the Amazon (2005 and 2010), and Russia (2010). Based on the global MOD16 ET algorithm, Mu et al. (in preparation) have further improved the MODIS ET algorithm for Nile River Basin Countries. Not only are the results improved dramatically but also the data cover every 1-km pixel of the land surfaces including inland waters (lakes, rivers, etc.), deserts, urban areas, unclassified land surfaces, etc. Using the improved MODIS ET algorithm, we can generate remotely sensed terrestrial ET and DSI products with higher quality. These products will enhance our capabilities for near-real-time drought monitoring to assist decision makers in regional drought assessment and mitigation efforts, and without many of the constraints of more traditional drought monitoring methods. C1 [Mu, Qiaozhen; Running, Steven W.; Kimball, John S.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp NTSG, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mu, Qiaozhen] SSAI, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Zhao, Maosheng] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McDowell, Nathan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher & Environm Dynam Grp, Earth & Environm Sci, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mu, QZ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp NTSG, Missoula, MT 59812 USA.; Mu, QZ (reprint author), SSAI, 10210 Greenbelt Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM qiaozhenmu@gmail.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0341-7; 978-1-5106-0342-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9975 AR UNSP 997502 DI 10.1117/12.2237749 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BG5CU UT WOS:000389368700001 ER PT J AU Steffen, A Glavic, A Holderer, O Frielinghaus, H Ambaye, H Putter, S Bruckel, T AF Steffen, A. Glavic, A. Holderer, O. Frielinghaus, H. Ambaye, H. Puetter, S. Brueckel, T. TI Frozen O-2 layer revealed by neutron reflectometry SO Results in Physics LA English DT Article DE Thin films; Surface oxygen layer; Neutron reflectometry ID SURFACE; FILMS AB A 63 angstrom thick film originating from frozen air on a solid substrate has been investigated via neutron reflectometry. The experiment shows that neutron reflectometry allows performing chemical surface analysis by quantifying the composition of this frozen layer and identifies the film to be frozen oxygen. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Steffen, A.; Holderer, O.; Frielinghaus, H.; Puetter, S.; Brueckel, T.] Forschungszentrum Julich, JCNS Outstn, MLZ, Lichtenbergstr 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Brueckel, T.] Forschungszentrum Julich, JCNS 2,Leo Brandt Str, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Glavic, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Neutron Scattering & Imaging, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Ambaye, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Steffen, A (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, JCNS Outstn, MLZ, Lichtenbergstr 1, D-85747 Garching, Germany. OI Glavic, Artur/0000-0003-4951-235X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-3797 J9 RESULTS PHYS JI Results Phys. PY 2016 VL 6 BP 263 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.rinp.2016.05.010 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science; Physics GA EE7BU UT WOS:000389770300063 ER PT S AU Sarkar, R Ward, J AF Sarkar, Reuben Ward, Jacob BE Meyer, G Beiker, S TI DOE SMART Mobility: Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation SO Road Vehicle Automation 3 SE Lecture Notes in Mobility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Automated Vehicles Symposium (AVS) CY 2015 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP Transportat Res Board, Assoc Unmanned Vehicle Syst Int DE Connectivity; Automation; Transportation; Vehicles; Mobility; Energy; Emissions; Decision science; Urban science; Multi-modal; Infrastructure AB New paradigms emerging in transportation and information and communication technology create opportunities to better understand and leverage the interactions between travelers, vehicles, and the built environment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save energy. The U.S. Department of Energy's SMART (Systems and Modeling for Accelerated Research in Transportation) Mobility Initiative recognizes and harnesses these megatrends by elevating DOE's traditional transportation energy focus beyond the vehicle component technology level to transportation-as-a-system analysis, modeling and simulation, and applied research and development in 5 interrelated topics: connected and automated vehicles, mobility decision science, urban science, vehicles and infrastructure, and multi-modal. C1 [Sarkar, Reuben; Ward, Jacob] US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Ward, J (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM reuben.sarkar@ee.doe.gov; jacob.ward@ee.doe.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2196-5544 BN 978-3-319-40503-2; 978-3-319-40502-5 J9 LECT N MOBIL PY 2016 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-40503-2_4 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Robotics; Transportation GA BG5JQ UT WOS:000389512000004 ER PT J AU Happs, RM Iisa, K Ferrell, JR AF Happs, R. M. Iisa, K. Ferrell, J. R., III TI Quantitative C-13 NMR characterization of fast pyrolysis oils SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC FAST PYROLYSIS; BIO-OIL; HYDROCARBONS; PERSPECTIVE; BIOFUELS AB Quantitative C-13 NMR analysis of model catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) oils following literature procedures showed poor agreement for aromatic hydrocarbons between NMR measured concentrations and actual composition. Modifying integration regions based on DEPT analysis for aromatic carbons resulted in better agreement. Solvent effects were also investigated for hydrotreated CFP oil. C1 [Happs, R. M.; Iisa, K.; Ferrell, J. R., III] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ferrell, JR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jack.ferrell@nrel.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; U. S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Funding was provided by U. S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U. S. Government purposes. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 104 BP 102665 EP 102670 DI 10.1039/c6ra24044e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB8DR UT WOS:000387621700109 ER PT J AU Grein-Iankovski, A Riegel-Vidotti, IC Simas-Tosin, FF Narayanan, S Leheny, RL Sandy, AR AF Grein-Iankovski, Aline Riegel-Vidotti, Izabel C. Simas-Tosin, Fernanda F. Narayanan, Suresh Leheny, Robert L. Sandy, Alec R. TI Exploring the relationship between nanoscale dynamics and macroscopic rheology in natural polymer gums SO Soft Matter LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; ACACIA-SENEGAL; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; EXUDATE GUMS; SHEAR; MICRORHEOLOGY AB We report a study connecting the nanoscale and macroscale structure and dynamics of Acacia mearnsii gum as probed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) and rheology. Acacia gum, in general, is a complex polysaccharide used extensively in industry. Over the analyzed concentration range (15 to 30 wt%) the A. mearnsii gum is found to have a gel-like linear rheology and to exhibit shear thinning flow behavior under steady shear. The gum solutions exhibited a steadily increasing elastic modulus with increasing time after they were prepared and also the emergence of shear thickening events within the shear thinning behavior, characteristic of associative polymers. XPCS measurements using gold nanoparticles as tracers were used to explore the microscopic dynamics within the biopolymer gels and revealed a two-step relaxation process with a partial decay at inaccessibly short times, suggesting caged motion of the nanoparticles, followed by a slow decay at later delay times. Non-diffusive motion evidenced by a compressed exponential line shape and an inverse relationship between relaxation time and wave vector characterizes the slow dynamics of A. mearnsii gum gels. Surprisingly, we have determined that the nanometer-scale mean square displacement of the nanoparticles showed a close relationship to the values predicted from the macroscopic elastic properties of the material, obtained through the rheology experiments. Our results demonstrate the potential applicability of the XPCS technique in the natural polymers field to connect their macroscale properties with their nanoscale structure and dynamics. C1 [Grein-Iankovski, Aline; Narayanan, Suresh; Sandy, Alec R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Grein-Iankovski, Aline; Riegel-Vidotti, Izabel C.; Simas-Tosin, Fernanda F.] Univ Fed Parana UFPR, Dept Quim, Grp Pesquisa Macromol & Interfaces, CP 19081, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Simas-Tosin, Fernanda F.] Fac Pequeno Principe, Inst Pesquisa Pele Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. [Leheny, Robert L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Sandy, AR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM asandy@anl.gov RI Grein Iankovski, Aline/E-3397-2017 OI Grein Iankovski, Aline/0000-0002-3159-8477 FU DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; CAPES/PDSE [BEX 3193/14-4]; Brazilian funding agency CNPq [477467/2010-5]; US National Science Foundation [NSF CBET-1336166]; Argonne National Laboratory X-ray Science Division Visiting Scientist Program FX This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source and the Center for Nanoscale Materials, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facilities operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We appreciate the assistance of Jonghun Lee in performing TEM image analysis. Aline Grein-Iankovski acknowledges the scholarship from CAPES/PDSE (BEX 3193/14-4). The authors also acknowledge the Brazilian funding agency CNPq (Grant 477467/2010-5) and the US National Science Foundation (NSF CBET-1336166). RLL also thanks the Argonne National Laboratory X-ray Science Division Visiting Scientist Program for support. The authors thank the company Seta S/A for providing the A. mearnsii gum. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 46 BP 9321 EP 9329 DI 10.1039/c6sm01492e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA EE1EC UT WOS:000389322800007 PM 27805235 ER PT S AU Basu, S Fiorino, ST Burchett, LR McCrae, JE AF Basu, Santasri Fiorino, Steven T. Burchett, Lee R. McCrae, Jack E., Jr. GP IEEE TI Comparison of the Path-weighted C-n(2) Derived from Time-lapse Imagery and Weather Radar SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID GENERALIZED SCIDAR; TURBULENCE AB Irradiance based techniques are not suitable for profiling over long, nearly horizontal paths through atmospheric turbulence since they suffer from saturation effects. Alternate techniques that can provide reliable turbulence information over strong turbulence paths are currently being investigated. Two such approaches are introduced here. The first approach is a phase-based technique that uses the turbulence induced random motion in time-lapse images of a distant scene to estimate the path-weighted C-n(2). An imaging experiment was conducted at the Air Force Institute of Technology to demonstrate this approach. A tripod-mounted digital camera captured images of a distant building every minute. Two different components of motion were apparent in the imagery: the random, faster motion due to atmospheric turbulence and the slower, vertical motion due to changes in the average refractive index gradient along the path. A correlation algorithm was used to measure the image shifts. The technique uses a derived set of path weighting functions that depend on the size of the imaging aperture and the patch size in the image whose motion is being tracked. The second method estimates C-n(2) values at different locations along a path using a combination of weather (NEXRAD) radar and numerical weather prediction (NWP) data. Two techniques have been used to derive the estimates. The first uses radar doppler information to determine the eddy thermal dissipation rate and combining this with NWP gradients to form a C-n(2) estimate. The second technique attempts to correct C-n(2) derived from radar clear-air reflectivity for noise and clutter and wavelength. The weights derived in the time-lapse imaging method have been applied to the noise and wavelength corrected NWP-radar derived C-n(2) profile to obtain the path-weighted value. The path-weighted estimates obtained using the optically-based, time-lapse imaging and weather radar-based methods have been compared. Both approaches show great potential in estimating turbulence strengths over strong turbulence paths. C1 [Basu, Santasri; Fiorino, Steven T.; Burchett, Lee R.; McCrae, Jack E., Jr.] Air Force Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Basu, Santasri; McCrae, Jack E., Jr.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Burchett, Lee R.] Southwestern Ohio Council Higher Educ, 3155 Res Blvd,Suite 204, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Air Force Inst Technol, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, Dept Engn Phys, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; Basu, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM santasri.basu.ctr.in@afit.edu; steven.fiorino@afit.edu; lee.r.burchett@gmail.com; jack.mccrae.ctr@afit.edu NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374902023 ER PT S AU Boslough, M Chodas, P Ezzedine, S Jennings, B Fogleman, B AF Boslough, Mark Chodas, Paul Ezzedine, Souheil Jennings, Barbara Fogleman, Bill GP IEEE TI Physical and Infrastructure Modeling for the 2015 PDC Asteroid Threat Exercise SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID DIRECTIONAL TENSILE FAILURE; ELASTIC-VISCOPLASTIC MODEL; IMPACT AB The 2015 Planetary Defense Conference (2015 PDC) was held in Frascati, Italy on April 13-17 by the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA). In addition to customary technical sessions, we performed the first week-long threat exercise designed to simulate and examine the process of decision making that would accompany the discovery and response to an asteroid on a collision course with Earth. Our role in the exercise was to develop and present a plausible scenario that would be of interest to as many participants as possible while considering the broad diversity in technical expertise, approach, values, missions, and national affiliations of the conference attendees. Moreover, we strove to present a reasonable sequence of events spanning several years that would provide many opportunities for collective decision making under uncertainty by parties likely to have conflicting interests. In order to hold the attention of the participants throughout the week we tried to create a scenario that would be as dramatic as possible-including "cliffhangers" and unexpected turns of events-but without sacrificing realism. This allowed us to discuss a wide range of potential responses, including kinetic and nuclear deflection, and potential outcomes, including tsunami-forming ocean impacts, crater-forming land impacts, and airbursts by objects over a large size range. In addition to creating the scenario, members of our team served on an expert panel in a role-playing exercise that included participants acting as world leaders of nations, both directly and indirectly affected members of the public in atrisk areas, and the media. This paper summarizes the exercise, focusing on physical and infrastructure modeling. The exercise spanned the entire week, with daily "injects" (or updates) of new observed data about what was currently known on the imaginary date. We presented models of potential physical effects and resulting infrastructure damage, with emphasis on the uncertainties. Seven updates spanned most of the time between when the asteroid (dubbed "2015 PDC") was discovered on April 13, 2015, and its impact date of September 3, 2022. Information about the orbit and technical response options were presented as a set of faux press releases that were made available to participants prior to each briefing. The scenario was based on an actual calculated orbit to provide as much realism as possible. The physical effects at each stage were predicted by using simulations for airburst and tsunami generation, and a shallow water model for tsunami propagation. Maps were generated using tools developed for the National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center (NISAC), and were presented by expert panelists as part of a mock press briefing at each inject. We present the contents of those press briefings and put them into context with the threat exercise. C1 [Boslough, Mark; Jennings, Barbara] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chodas, Paul] Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ezzedine, Souheil] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Fogleman, Bill] GRIT Inc, 8817 James Ave NE, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Boslough, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mbboslo@sandia.gov; paul.w.chodas@jpl.nasa.gov; ezzedine1@llnl.gov; bjjenni@sandia.gov; wefogle@grit.us NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374900035 ER PT S AU McCrae, JE Fiorino, ST AF McCrae, Jack E., Jr. Fiorino, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Simulation of Array Tilt Effects in Laser Phased Arrays SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB A coherent laser array can be phased through the turbulent atmosphere on target based upon the laser light scattered from that target. For some system concepts, the transmitter array tilt cannot be determined by this phasing process. The expected distribution of array tilt values is examined here for randomly phased arrays. When certain presumptions about phase are taken, as the array grows in number of elements the effect of the array tilt aberration on peak irradiance diminishes, while the pointing error remains near the diffraction limited spot size. These results have potentially important consequences for system design. They highlight the necessity of a method to handle the array tilt aberration for small systems which demand near ideal performance, while simultaneously suggesting array tilt may be ignorable for large systems or systems operating in environments where near diffraction limited performance is already unachievable due to turbulence or jitter. C1 [McCrae, Jack E., Jr.; Fiorino, Steven T.] US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [McCrae, Jack E., Jr.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP McCrae, JE (reprint author), US Air Force, Inst Technol, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Directed Energy AFIT CDE, 2950 Hobson Way, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.; McCrae, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM jack.mccrae.ctr@afit.edu; steven.fiorino@afit.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374900055 ER PT S AU McGirl, NA Castellanos, LA Srikrishna, AP Heilbronn, L La Tessa, C Rusek, A Sivertz, M Blattnig, S Clowdsley, M Slaba, T Zeitlin, C AF McGirl, Natalie A. Castellanos, Luis A. Srikrishna, Ashwin P. Heilbronn, Lawrence La Tessa, Chiara Rusek, Adam Sivertz, Michael Blattnig, Steve Clowdsley, Martha Slaba, Tony Zeitlin, Cary GP IEEE TI Accelerator-Based Measurements Relevant for Shielding Design in Space SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID NEUTRON YIELDS AB Experimental work on light charged ion production from thick target shielding began this past May at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This paper presents the measured secondary light charged ion and neutron yields produced by 0.4- and 2.5-GeV protons and 0.4- and 1.0-AGeV iron ions striking a 30 g/cm(2) aluminum target. Neutron and light charged ion (protons, deuterons, and tritons) measurements were taken with liquid scintillators and sodium iodide (NaI) detectors positioned at seven locations between 10 and 135 degrees off the beam axis to best cover the angular distributions of secondary particles, as determined by MCNPX simulations. In the liquid scintillators, neutron-gamma separation was achieved with pulse shape discrimination, and particle species were identified and isolated by analyzing the total charge deposited in the detector versus particle time of flight (TOF). After isolation, the TOF technique was utilized to produce energy spectra for protons, deuterons, tritons, and neutrons at various locations. Additionally, the stopping powers of light charged ions were compared in NaI detector pairs to generate energy spectra for protons, deuterons, and tritons. Preliminary results demonstrated promising agreement with MCNPX Monte Carlo transport code simulations for protons, deuterons, tritons, and neutrons, despite the lack of a full background characterization and optimization of detector settings. Results are expected to improve over the next three years with an increase in beam time, inclusion of specific liquid scintillator detection efficiencies, and an investigation of the physics model parameters in MCNPX. Future experiments will include the use of both forward and back targets composed of high-density polyethylene or aluminum with thicknesses of 20, 40, and 60 g/cm(2). Furthermore, proton, helium, carbon, silicon, and iron projectiles will be utilized at energies of 0.4, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.5 AGeV. Ultimately, these measurements will be incorporated in the uncertainty analysis for the engineering codes that NASA uses to develop optimal shielding thicknesses for spacecraft and space habitat design. C1 [McGirl, Natalie A.; Castellanos, Luis A.; Srikrishna, Ashwin P.; Heilbronn, Lawrence] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [La Tessa, Chiara; Rusek, Adam; Sivertz, Michael] NASA, Space Radiat Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Blattnig, Steve; Clowdsley, Martha; Slaba, Tony] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Zeitlin, Cary] Lockheed Martin, Informat Syst & Global Solut, Houston, TX 77258 USA. RP McGirl, NA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM nmcgirl@vols.utk.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903080 ER PT S AU Merl, R Graham, P AF Merl, Robert Graham, Paul GP IEEE TI MicroTCA for Space Applications SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture (MicroTCA) is a commercial standard widely used in the telecommunications industry. MicroTCA is a simplified adaptation of the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard written by the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG). MicroTCA uses the Advanced Mezzanine Cards (AMCs) and FPGA Mezzanine Cards (FMCs) from ATCA but in a smaller enclosure with lower overhead. There is a wide ecosystem of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components from many manufacturers that are compatible and interoperable with the standard. The form factor for this standard is physically smaller than 6U VPX, which allows it to fit into space-constrained volumes. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has developed a low-cost, quick-turn platform of reusable printed circuit boards, software, firmware, and mechanicals such as conduction-cooled frames and enclosures that leverages and interoperates with these standards. LANL has leveraged the commercial MicroTCA.0 and ruggedized MicroTCA.3 standards and extended them for application in space flight environments without compromising the compatibility with low-cost COTS hardware. As a result, LANL engineers can rapidly prototype and develop systems with a mix of commercial-and flight-grade hardware. C1 [Merl, Robert; Graham, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Merl, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM merl@lanl.gov; grahamp@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903070 ER PT S AU Merl, R Graham, P AF Merl, Robert Graham, Paul GP IEEE TI A Low-Cost, Radiation-Hardened Single-Board Computer for Command and Data Handling SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Los Alamos National Laboratory has designed and manufactured a single-board computer (SBC) for deployment in space-flight applications. The SBC is designed to meet the command-and data-handling requirements for missions requiring true space-grade radiation hardness and fault tolerance, exceeding those that are typical in CubeSat and SmallSat applications but at a substantially lower cost, lower power, and smaller form factor than encountered in the space-grade solution space available from the large aerospace manufacturers. The SBC leverages the MicroTCA standard, which makes it smaller than common 6U-sized solutions but still allows interoperability with a diverse ecosystem of commercial development equipment. The design uses QMLV or Class-S parts with total-ionizing-dose tolerance appropriate for deployment on long-term missions in MEO or GEO environments. The design uses a space-quality dual-core processor ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), memories, and interfaces to meet the command-and data-handling requirements of medium-sized missions. Consuming only 5 W and measuring less than 7 inches x 6 inches, the design supports 9-gigabit/s class bidirectional SerDes links, 6 SpaceWire ports, redundant MIL-STD-1553B ports, 32 Mbytes of EDAC protected SRAM, 2 GBytes of nonvolatile memory, and supports 200 MFLOPS operation. Custom intellectual property (IP) has been developed for the FPGA to handle the interface to the nonvolatile memories and to provide error detection and correction for instrument boards elsewhere in the payload. The processor can run VxWorks (TM), RTEMS, or Linux. Cooling and mechanical hardness is achieved with a custom conduction-cooled frame that fits around the MicroTCA-form-factor printed circuit board. C1 [Merl, Robert; Graham, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Merl, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM merl@lanl.gov; grahamp@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374903071 ER PT S AU Seery, BD Bambacus, M Leung, R Greenaugh, K Raccah, F Boslough, M Yang, CP AF Seery, Bernard D. Bambacus, Myra Leung, Ron Greenaugh, Kevin Raccah, Fabien Boslough, Mark Yang, Chaowei Phil GP IEEE TI Near Earth Object Mitigation Studies SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE; POROSITY AB Early detection of an object on a collision course with Earth, leading to well-considered and effective measures to mitigate its hazards, is not always possible due to a number of extenuating factors. NASA and the Department of Energy (DOE)'s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) have partnered to develop a full systems framework for understanding very short warning time scenarios requiring high-energy impulsive solutions to neutralize Potentially Hazardous Objects (PHOs) found to be on Earth-impacting trajectories. While previous studies have identified and studied certain aspects of the end-to-end impactor mitigation problem in some detail, the preliminary results for year one of a 3-year research investigation we report on herein will discuss the development of an integrated framework extensible to future data and emergent near-Earth object (NEO) mitigation strategies. As we will discuss, recent increases in computational power and algorithm sophistication now allow new calculations of the response of even irregularly shaped/structured NEOs to various proposed mitigation schemes. Representative energy deposition results on the first of 3 Design Reference Asteroids (DRAs), Bennu, will be included, along with mitigation mission designs and plans for subsequent DRAs. C1 [Seery, Bernard D.; Bambacus, Myra; Leung, Ron] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Greenaugh, Kevin] Natl Nucl Secur Adm, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Raccah, Fabien] SMART LLC, 2709 Quitman Street, Denver, CO 80212 USA. [Boslough, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Yang, Chaowei Phil] George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Seery, BD (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM bernard.d.seery@nasa.gov; myra.j.bambacus@nasa.gov; ronald.y.leung@nasa.gov; Kevin.Greenaugh@nnsa.doe.gov; fabienraccah@earthlink.net; mbboslo@sandia.gov; cyang3@gmu.edu RI Yang, Chaowei/A-9881-2017 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374900050 ER PT S AU Wham, R Onuschak, B Sutliff, T AF Wham, Robert Onuschak, Becky Sutliff, Thomas GP IEEE TI Plutonium-238 Supply Project-Additional Processing Enabling Power for Future NASA Missions SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB For more than five decades, Radioisotope Power Systems (RPSs) have enabled space missions to operate in locations where the Sun's intensity is either too dim, obscured, or otherwise inadequate for solar power or other conventional power ff generation technologi. The natural decay of the radioisotope plutonium-238 (Pu-238) provides the heat source used by an RPS to generate electricity (as well as heat to keep key subsystems warm) for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions such as Voyagers 1 and 2, the Cassini mission to Saturn, the New Horizons flyby of Pluto, and the Mars Curiosity rover. The United States has not produced new 238Pu since the late 1980s. RPS ff powered missions have continued since then using existi Pu-238 inventory managed by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), including material purchased from Russia. NASA and DOE have determined that a new domestic supply is needed to ensure the continued availability of RPSs for future NASA missions. Using funding provided by NASA since 2011, DOE is currently executing a project to reestablish a Pu-238 supply capability using its existing facilities and reactors. The project, known as the Plutonium-238 Supply Project (PSP) is led by the DOE Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This paper will provide an overview of the PSP approach, its progress to date, and the potential benefits to NASA of missions that could be enabled by the new production of Pu-238. C1 [Wham, Robert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Onuschak, Becky] US DOE, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. [Sutliff, Thomas] NASA, Radioisotope Power Syst Program Off, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd M-S 142-5, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Wham, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM whamrm@ornl.gov; Rebecca.Onuschak@nuclear.energy.gov; tsutliff@nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374901020 ER PT S AU Young, EF Brown, P Boslough, M Ballard, C Dougherty, E Dullea, C Garner, K Heaney, M Thom, I Von Hendy, M Wahl, K Young, E AF Young, Eliot F. Brown, Peter Boslough, Mark Ballard, Courtney Dougherty, Emily Dullea, Connor Garner, Kyle Heaney, Martin Thom, Ian Von Hendy, Michael Wahl, Kerry Young, Emma GP IEEE TI Detection of Infrasound Disturbances from the Earth's Stratosphere SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB Infrasound is usually defined as sound waves below 20 Hz, the nominal limit of human hearing. Infrasound waves propagate over vast distances the Earth's atmosphere: the CTBTO (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization) has 48 installed infrasound-sensing stations around the world to detect nuclear detonations and other disturbances. In February 2013, several CTBTO infrasound stations detected infrasound signals from a large bolide that exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia. Some stations recorded signals that had circumnavigated the Earth, over a day after the original event. A balloon- borne infrasound sensor is expected to have two advantages over ground-based stations: a lack of wind noise and a concentration of infrasound energy in the "stratospheric duct" between roughly 5 - 50 km altitude. To test these advantages, we have built a small balloon payload with five calibrated microphones. This paper discusses the design, testing and expected sensitivity of the payload. Our current plans call for a launch in August 2016, coordinated with a ground-based explosion and a network of ground-based infrasound sensors. C1 [Young, Eliot F.] Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Brown, Peter] Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Boslough, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ballard, Courtney; Dougherty, Emily; Dullea, Connor; Garner, Kyle; Heaney, Martin; Thom, Ian; Von Hendy, Michael; Wahl, Kerry; Young, Emma] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Young, EF (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, 1050 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM efy@boulder.swri.edu; pbrown@uwo.ca; mbeb@unm.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374901047 ER PT S AU Zakrajsek, JF Woerner, DF Cairns-Gallimore, D Johnson, SG Qualls, L AF Zakrajsek, June F. Woerner, Dave F. Cairns-Gallimore, Dirk Johnson, Stephen G. Qualls, Louis GP IEEE TI NASA's Radioisotope Power Systems Planning and Potential Future Systems Overview SO 2016 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 05-12, 2016 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The goal of NASA's Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Program is to make RPS ready and available to support the exploration of the solar system in environments where the use of conventional solar or chemical power generation is impractical or insufficient to meet the needs of the missions. To meet this goal, the RPS Program, working closely with the Department of Energy, performs mission and system studies (such as the recently released Nuclear Power Assessment Study), assesses the readiness of promising technologies to infuse in future generators, assesses the sustainment of key RPS capabilities and knowledge, forecasts and tracks the Program's budgetary needs, and disseminates current information about RPS to the community of potential users. This process has been refined and used to determine the current content of the RPS Program's portfolio. This portfolio currently includes an effort to mature advanced thermoelectric technology for possible integration into an enhanced Multi-Mission Radioisotope Generator (eMMRTG), sustainment and production of the currently deployed MMRTG, and technology investments that could lead to a future Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG). This paper describes the program planning processes that have been used, the currently available MMRTG, and one of the potential future systems, the eMMRTG. C1 [Zakrajsek, June F.] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Woerner, Dave F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91011 USA. [Cairns-Gallimore, Dirk] US DOE, 19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. [Johnson, Stephen G.] Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Qualls, Louis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zakrajsek, JF (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM june.f.zakrajsek@nasa.gov; david.f.woerner@jpl.nasa.gov; dirk.cairns-gallimore@nuclear.energy.gov; stephen.johnson@inl.gov; quallsal@ornl.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-7676-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2016 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BG3XT UT WOS:000388374901054 ER PT J AU Zhou, YY Zhang, QC Wang, H AF Zhou, Yuyang Zhang, Qichun Wang, Hong GP IEEE TI Enhanced Performance Controller Design for Stochastic Systems by Adding Extra State Estimation onto the Existing Closed Loop Control SO 2016 UKACC 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL (CONTROL) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th UKACC International Conference on Control (UKACC Control) CY AUG 31-SEP 02, 2016 CL Belfast, ENGLAND SP Queens Univ Belfast, United Kingdom Automat Control Council, Inst Engn & Technol, Inst Chem Engineers, Inst Measurement and Control, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, KUKA Robot, Seagate, Irish Mfg Res, Natl Instruments DE stochastic distribution control; linear stochastic systems; Kalman filter; enhanced PI controller AB To enhance the performance of the tracking property, this paper presents a novel control algorithm for a class of linear dynamic stochastic systems with unmeasurable states, where the performance enhancement loop is established based on Kalman filter. Without changing the existing closed loop with the PI controller, the compensative controller is designed to minimize the variances of the tracking errors using the estimated states and the propagation of state variances. Moreover, the stability of the closed-loop systems has been analyzed in the mean-square sense. A simulated example is included to show the effectiveness of the presented control algorithm, where encouraging results have been obtained. C1 [Zhou, Yuyang; Zhang, Qichun] Univ Manchester, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Wang, Hong] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhou, YY (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM annamada@163.com; qichun.zhang@manchester.ac.uk; hong.wang@pnnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9891-6 PY 2016 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BG4CY UT WOS:000388667900021 ER PT J AU Baum, D Schebler, G Dobie, D Faux, D Kuklo, R AF Baum, Dennis Schebler, Greg Dobie, Doug Faux, Doug Kuklo, Robert BE Woodley, C Cullis, I TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SHAPED CHARGE JET EROSION IN DRILLING MUD SO 29TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Ballistics CY MAY 09-13, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Natl Def Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc AB A test was configured to characterize the erosion of a shaped charge jet when penetrating drilling mud used in the oil and gas industry. Three Viper shaped charges were fired simultaneously to penetrate several different thicknesses of drilling mud. A stripper plate was used to reduce the velocity of the jets to approximate that of charges of interest in deep-sea drilling operations. Flash radiographs of the jets taken prior to entering the mud verified the simultaneity of the three jets, while a second radiograph taken after exiting the various thicknesses of mud clearly displayed the jet erosion as a function of thickness of mud penetrated. Observed jet erosion is compared with simulations of jet erosion to validate modeling of the phenomena. The conclusion is that jet erosion when penetrating drilling mud can be described simply based on the density of the drilling mud. C1 [Baum, Dennis; Schebler, Greg; Dobie, Doug; Faux, Doug; Kuklo, Robert] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baum, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-317-5 PY 2016 BP 1459 EP 1470 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BG4OO UT WOS:000389021400163 ER PT J AU Parker, JC Cyganik, JE Kayhart, TJ Kubiak, D Sykes, RC AF Parker, Jason C. Cyganik, Jonathan E. Kayhart, Tony J. Kubiak, Damian Sykes, Robert C. BE Woodley, C Cullis, I TI THE EFFECT OF OUT-OF-PLANE FIBER WAVINESS ON THE BALLISTIC PERFORMANCE OF ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE) LAMINATES SO 29TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th International Symposium on Ballistics CY MAY 09-13, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP Natl Def Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; IMPACT AB In this study, the effect of out-of-plane fiber waviness on ballistic performance of thin compliant laminates was investigated. Waviness varying from 2.46% to 32.27% was artificially induced into thin DSM Dyneema (R) HB50 laminates. Analogous to crimp in woven textiles, waviness is defined as the fraction of total arc length divided by the wavelength of the crimping. Several amplitudes and wavelengths of undulations were investigated. The ballistic limit of each sample against a 17 grain Fragment Simulating Projectile (FSP) was determined and high speed videography was used to track the longitudinal and transverse wave positions as a function of time. It was found that out-of-plane fiber waviness had a significant deleterious effect on both the transverse wave velocity and the maximum energy absorption of the laminates before failure. It was found that small, high frequency undulations were more deleterious than large, low frequency undulations due to the increased number of wave reflections. C1 [Parker, Jason C.; Kayhart, Tony J.; Sykes, Robert C.] US Army Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Gen Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760 USA. [Cyganik, Jonathan E.; Kubiak, Damian] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parker, JC (reprint author), US Army Natick Soldier Res Dev & Engn Ctr, Gen Greene Ave, Natick, MA 01760 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-317-5 PY 2016 BP 2458 EP 2466 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Mechanics; Physics GA BG4OO UT WOS:000389021400267 ER PT S AU Duoba, M Lohse-Busch, H AF Duoba, Michael Lohse-Busch, Henning BE Nikowitz, M TI Advanced Vehicle Performance Assessment SO ADVANCED HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES: SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION AND VEHICLE INTEGRATION SE Lecture Notes in Mobility LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB In order to provide answers about the performance of vehicles driven by electrified drivetrains, appropriate test procedures must be developed that are robust and compatible with the technology. In IEA-HEV-Task 17, these results are presented from vehicles tested at the Argonne National Laboratory Advanced Powertrain Research Facility under direction from the U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies research portfolio. Chassis dynamometer testing with controlled conditions was employed and included adoption of sophisticated instrumentation, research techniques and considerable staff expertise in testing advanced automotive vehicle technologies. This process was going on for several years, including BEV and PHEV tests with a Nissan Leaf, a PHEV-converted Prius as well as a Chevy Volt (based on the reporting year 2010). This chapter provides comparisons between the different electrified vehicles in terms of their principal configurations and operating modes, charge-sustaining and electric-only and highlights the major findings. C1 [Duoba, Michael; Lohse-Busch, Henning] ANL, Vehicle Syst Res, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Duoba, M (reprint author), ANL, Vehicle Syst Res, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM mduoba@anl.gov; hlb@anl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2196-5544 BN 978-3-319-26305-2; 978-3-319-26304-5 J9 LECT N MOBIL PY 2016 BP 65 EP 85 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26305-2_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26305-2 PG 21 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BG1IO UT WOS:000386799500005 ER PT S AU Nikowitz, M Boyd, S Vezzini, A Kunz, I Duoba, M Gallagher, K Drage, P Simic, D Timofeeva, E Singh, D Yu, WH France, D Wojdyla, C Rainer, G Jones, S Loibner, E Bauml, T Rousseau, A Prenninger, P Gragger, JV Garnier, L AF Nikowitz, Michael Boyd, Steven Vezzini, Andrea Kunz, Irene Duoba, Michael Gallagher, Kevin Drage, Peter Simic, Dragan Timofeeva, Elena Singh, Dileep Yu, Wenhua France, David Wojdyla, Christopher Rainer, Gotthard Jones, Stephen Loibner, Engelbert Baeuml, Thomas Rousseau, Aymeric Prenninger, Peter Gragger, Johannes Vinzenz Garnier, Laurent BE Nikowitz, M TI System Optimization and Vehicle Integration SO ADVANCED HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES: SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION AND VEHICLE INTEGRATION SE Lecture Notes in Mobility LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This chapter deals with the most important possibilities for improving the overall vehicle performance of electrified vehicles. Thus, it describes the results and the key messages of several IEA-IA-HEV-Task 17 workshops and studies, by focusing on the following topics: center dot E-Motors: This section is focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of Permanent Magnet Motors with rare-earth permanent magnets, representing one of the most common motors being used so far (based on the reporting year 2012). Additionally it focuses on alternatives for permanent magnet motors, which are currently at a few level. center dot Battery Management Systems (BMS): A BMS constantly controls the functionality and charge of the battery cells. Therefore, it is necessary to lengthen battery life. This chapter addresses concerns for current BMS, provides an overview about their basics and highlights the most important BMS-Tasks for High Voltage batteries as well as the demonstration of a Lithium-Ion battery performance and cost model for electrified vehicles. C1 [Nikowitz, Michael] A3PS, Donau City Str 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. [Boyd, Steven] US DOE, Vehicle Technol Off, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Vezzini, Andrea; Kunz, Irene] Bern Univ Appl Sci, BFH CSEM Energy Storage Res Ctr, Pestalozzistr 20, CH-3401 Burgdorf, Switzerland. [Duoba, Michael; Gallagher, Kevin] ANL, Electrochem Energy Storage, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Drage, Peter] QPunkt GmbH, Gewerbepk 11, A-8075 Hart Bei Graz, Austria. [Simic, Dragan; Baeuml, Thomas; Gragger, Johannes Vinzenz] AIT, Mobil Dept Elect Drive Technol, Giefinggasse 2, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. [Timofeeva, Elena; Singh, Dileep; Yu, Wenhua; France, David] ANL, Div Energy Syst, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Wojdyla, Christopher] Valeo Thermal Syst, 4100 N Atlantic Blvd, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. [Rainer, Gotthard; Jones, Stephen; Loibner, Engelbert; Prenninger, Peter] AVL List GmbH, Adv Simulat Technol, Hans List Pl 1, A-8020 Graz, Austria. [Rousseau, Aymeric] ANL, Syst Modelling & Simulat Sect, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Garnier, Laurent] CEA, Dept Elect & Hydrogen Transport, Liten, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RP Nikowitz, M (reprint author), A3PS, Donau City Str 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria. EM michael.nikowitz@gmx.at; steven.boyd@ee.doe.gov; andrea.vezzini@bfh.ch; kunz.irene@gmail.com; mduoba@anl.gov; kevin.gallagher@anl.gov; peter.drage@qpunkt.at; dragan.simic@ait.ac.at; etimofeeva@anl.gov; christopher.wojdyla@valeo.com; gotthard.rainer@avl.com; Stephen.Jones@avl.com; Engelbert.loibner@avl.com; thomas.baeuml@ait.ac.at; arousseau@anl.gov; peter.prenninger@avl.com; johannes.gragger@ait.ac.at; laurent.garnier@cea.fr NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2196-5544 BN 978-3-319-26305-2; 978-3-319-26304-5 J9 LECT N MOBIL PY 2016 BP 87 EP 204 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-26305-2_5 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-26305-2 PG 118 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Transportation GA BG1IO UT WOS:000386799500006 ER PT S AU Chinthavali, M Onar, OC Campbell, SL Tolbert, LM AF Chinthavali, M. Onar, O. C. Campbell, S. L. Tolbert, L. M. GP IEEE TI All-SiC Inductively Coupled Charger with Integrated Plug-in and Boost Functionalities for PEV Applications SO APEC 2016 31ST ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 20-24, 2016 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE DE wireless power transfer; on-board charger; integrated charger; wireless charging; boost converter; plug-in electric vehicle charger ID ELECTRIC VEHICLES; BATTERY CHARGER; CONVERTER AB So far, the charging functionality for vehicles has been integrated either into the traction drive system or to the dc-dc converters in plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). This study features a unique way of combining the wired and wireless charging functionalities with vehicle side boost converter and maintaining the isolation to provide a hybrid plug-in and wireless charging solution to the plug-in electric vehicle users. The proposed integrated charger combined with SiC technology shows the end-to-end and dc-to-dc system efficiencies of 85.9% and 88.9% for wireless charging mode, and 88.8% and 92.4% for the wired charging mode of operation. C1 [Chinthavali, M.; Onar, O. C.; Campbell, S. L.; Tolbert, L. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chinthavali, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chilithavalim@ornl.gov; campbellsl@ornl.gov; onaroc@ornl.gov; tolbertlm@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4673-9550-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2016 BP 1307 EP 1314 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG3QQ UT WOS:000388127301068 ER PT S AU Qin, JC Debnath, S Saeedifard, M AF Qin, Jiangchao Debnath, Suman Saeedifard, Maryam GP IEEE TI Precharging Strategy for Soft Startup Process of Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Various SM circuits SO APEC 2016 31ST ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 20-24, 2016 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE ID HVDC SYSTEM AB The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become one of the most promising converter technologies for medium/high-power applications, specifically for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. One of the technical challenges associated with the operation and control of the MMCbased system is to precharge the submodule (SM) capacitors to their nominal voltages during the startup process. In this paper, considering various SM circuits, a general precharging strategy is proposed for the MMC-based systems under ac-and dc-side startup conditions. The proposed startup method does not require any additional feedback control loop, extra measurements, and/or auxiliary power supplies. Based on the developed startup method, the charging current is controllable by adjusting the changing rate of the number of blocked and bypassed SM capacitors. Performance of the proposed strategy for various MMCs is evaluated based on time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment. C1 [Qin, Jiangchao] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Debnath, Suman] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Saeedifard, Maryam] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Qin, JC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jgin@asu.edu; suman2k42000@gmail.com; maryam@ece.gatech.edu NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4673-9550-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2016 BP 1528 EP 1533 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG3QQ UT WOS:000388127301101 ER PT S AU Neely, J Johnson, J Delhotal, J Gonzalez, S Lave, M AF Neely, J. Johnson, J. Delhotal, J. Gonzalez, S. Lave, M. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of PV Frequency-Watt Function for Fast Frequency Reserves SO APEC 2016 31ST ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 20-24, 2016 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE DE photovoltaics; IEe advanced functions; advanced inverters; frequency regulation; frequency-watt; PV curtailment ID VARIABILITY AB Increasing the penetration of distributed renewable sources, including photovoItaic (PV) sources, poses technical challenges for grid management. The grid has been optimized over decades to rely upon large centralized power plants with well-established feedback controls, but now non-dispatchable, renewable sources are displacing these controllable generators. By programming autonomous functionality into distributed energy resources-in particular, PV inverters-the aggregated PV resources can act collectively to mitigate grid disturbances. This paper focuses on the problem of frequency regulation. Specifically, the use of existing IEC 61850-90-7 grid support functions to improve grid frequency response using a frequency-watt function was investigated. The proposed approach dampens frequency disturbances associated with variable irradiance conditions as well as contingency events without incorporating expensive energy storage systems or supplemental generation, but it does require some curtailment of power to enable headroom for control action. Thus, this study includes a determination of the trade-offs between reduced energy delivery and dynamic performance. This paper includes simulation results for an island grid and hardware results for a testbed that includes a load, a 225 kW diesel generator, and a 24 kW inverter. C1 [Neely, J.; Johnson, J.; Delhotal, J.; Gonzalez, S.; Lave, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Neely, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jneely@sandia.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4673-9550-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2016 BP 1926 EP 1933 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG3QQ UT WOS:000388127302015 ER PT S AU Wu, T Ozpineci, B Ayers, C AF Wu, Tong Ozpineci, Burak Ayers, Curtis GP IEEE TI Genetic Algorithm Design of a 3D Printed Heat Sink SO APEC 2016 31ST ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 20-24, 2016 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE DE Thermal management; Genetic Algorithm; 3D Printing; Liquid Cooled Heat sink; Cold Plate ID OPTIMIZATION AB In this paper, a genetic algorithm- (GA-) based approach is discussed for designing heat sinks based on total heat generation and dissipation for a pre-specified size and shape. This approach combines random iteration processes and genetic algorithms with finite element analysis (FEA) to design the optimized heat sink. With an approach that prefers "survival of the fittest", a more powerful heat sink can be designed which can cool power electronics more efficiently. Some of the resulting designs can only be 3D printed due to their complexity. In addition to describing the methodology, this paper also includes comparisons of different cases to evaluate the performance of the newly designed heat sink compared to commercially available heat sinks. C1 [Wu, Tong; Ozpineci, Burak] Univ Tennessee, Bredesen Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ozpineci, Burak; Ayers, Curtis] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Wu, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Bredesen Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM wutl@ornl.gov; burak@ornl.gov; ayerscw@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4673-9550-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2016 BP 3529 EP 3536 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG3QQ UT WOS:000388127303110 ER PT S AU Neely, J Rashkin, L Cook, M Wilson, D Glover, S AF Neely, J. Rashkin, L. Cook, M. Wilson, D. Glover, S. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Power Flow Control for an All-Electric Warship Power System with Pulsed Load Applications SO APEC 2016 31ST ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION SE Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) CY MAR 20-24, 2016 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE DE Navy all-electric ship; pulsed loads; power system stability; EMALS AB Future U.S. Navy ships will require power systems that meet more stringent agility, efficiency, scalability, controllability and resiliency requirements. Modularity and the ability to interconnect power systems having their own energy storage, generation, and loads is an enabling capability. To aid in the design of power system controls, much of what has been learned from advances in the control of networked microgrids is being applied. Developing alternative methods for controlling and analyzing these systems will provide insight into tradeoffs that can be made during the design phase. This paper considers the problem of electric ship power disturbances in response to pulsed loads, in particular, to electromagnetic launch systems. Recent literature has indicated that there exists a trade-off in information and power flow and that intelligent, coordinated control of power flow in a microgrid system (i.e. such as an electric ship) can modify energy storage hardware requirements. The control presented herein was developed to provide the necessary flexibility with little computational burden. It is described analytically and then demonstrated in simulation and hardware. C1 [Neely, J.; Rashkin, L.; Cook, M.; Wilson, D.; Glover, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Neely, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jneely@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4673-9550-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2016 BP 3537 EP 3544 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG3QQ UT WOS:000388127303111 ER PT S AU Petersen, GR Fitzgerald, ND AF Petersen, Gene R. Fitzgerald, Nichole D. BE Snyder, SW TI The Changing Landscape: A History and Evolution of Bio-based Products SO COMMERCIALIZING BIOBASED PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND RISKS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GUAYULE C1 [Fitzgerald, Nichole D.] US DOE, Bioenergy Technol Off, 1000 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Fitzgerald, ND (reprint author), US DOE, Bioenergy Technol Off, 1000 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM Nichole.Fitzgerald@ee.doe.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-78262-244-4; 978-1-78262-039-6 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2016 VL 43 BP 8 EP 24 PG 17 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BG3XB UT WOS:000388331200003 ER PT S AU Negri, MC Ssegane, H AF Negri, M. Cristina Ssegane, Herbert BE Snyder, SW TI Bioenergy Crops: Delivering More Than Energy SO COMMERCIALIZING BIOBASED PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND RISKS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SHORT-ROTATION COPPICE; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; 3 BIOFUEL CROPS; UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ROOT DISTRIBUTION C1 [Negri, M. Cristina; Ssegane, Herbert] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Negri, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM negri@anl.gov NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-78262-244-4; 978-1-78262-039-6 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2016 VL 43 BP 25 EP 47 PG 23 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BG3XB UT WOS:000388331200004 ER PT S AU Magrini-Bair, K Vardon, DR Beckham, GT AF Magrini-Bair, Kim Vardon, Derek R. Beckham, Gregg T. BE Snyder, SW TI Catalysis's Role in Bioproducts Update SO COMMERCIALIZING BIOBASED PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND RISKS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MONTMORILLONITE CLAY CATALYSTS; SOLID ACID CATALYSTS; ACETIC-ACID; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; LEVULINIC ACID; PROPANOIC ACID; ESTERIFICATION; CHEMICALS C1 [Magrini-Bair, Kim; Vardon, Derek R.; Beckham, Gregg T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15223 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Magrini-Bair, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15223 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Kim.Magrini@nrel.gov NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-78262-244-4; 978-1-78262-039-6 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2016 VL 43 BP 71 EP 91 PG 21 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BG3XB UT WOS:000388331200006 ER PT S AU Lin, YPJ Hestekin, JA Henry, MP Sather, N AF Lin, Yupo J. Hestekin, Jamie A. Henry, Michael P. Sather, Norman BE Snyder, SW TI Bioprocessing of Costcompetitive Biobased Organic Acids SO COMMERCIALIZING BIOBASED PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND RISKS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AQUEOUS 2-PHASE SYSTEM; LACTIC-ACID; SUCCINIC ACIDS; IONIC LIQUIDS; BUTYRIC-ACID; FERMENTATION; EXTRACTION; ELECTRODIALYSIS; SEPARATION; RECOVERY C1 [Lin, Yupo J.; Henry, Michael P.; Sather, Norman] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hestekin, Jamie A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Bell Engn Ctr 3202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM yplin@anl.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-78262-244-4; 978-1-78262-039-6 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2016 VL 43 BP 190 EP 214 PG 25 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BG3XB UT WOS:000388331200010 ER PT S AU Dunn, JB Adom, FK Sather, NF Han, J AF Dunn, Jennifer B. Adom, Felix K. Sather, Norman F. Han, Jeongwoo BE Snyder, SW TI Methodological Considerations, Drivers and Trends in the Life Cycle Analysis of Bioproducts SO COMMERCIALIZING BIOBASED PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND RISKS SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LAND-USE CHANGE; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; CORN; FEEDSTOCK; CHEMICALS; ENERGY; RESOURCES; PATHWAYS C1 [Dunn, Jennifer B.; Adom, Felix K.; Sather, Norman F.; Han, Jeongwoo] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dunn, JB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jdunn@anl.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-78262-244-4; 978-1-78262-039-6 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2016 VL 43 BP 258 EP 284 PG 27 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Chemical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering GA BG3XB UT WOS:000388331200012 ER PT S AU McIntyre, PB Liermann, CR Childress, E Hamann, EJ Hogan, JD Januchowski-Hartley, SR Koning, AA Neeson, TM Oele, DL Pracheil, BM AF McIntyre, Peter B. Liermann, Catherine Reidy Childress, Evan Hamann, Ellen J. Hogan, J. Derek Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R. Koning, Aaron A. Neeson, Thomas M. Oele, Daniel L. Pracheil, Brenda M. BE Closs, GP Krkosek, M Olden, JD TI Conservation of migratory fishes in freshwater ecosystems SO CONSERVATION OF FRESHWATER FISHES SE Conservation Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VERTICAL-SLOT FISHWAY; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; DAM REMOVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-LAKES; COLUMBIA RIVER; LIFE-HISTORY; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE C1 [McIntyre, Peter B.; Liermann, Catherine Reidy; Childress, Evan; Hamann, Ellen J.; Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R.; Koning, Aaron A.; Neeson, Thomas M.; Oele, Daniel L.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hogan, J. Derek] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Januchowski-Hartley, Stephanie R.] Texas A&M Univ Corpus Christi, Sch Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. [Pracheil, Brenda M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McIntyre, PB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 177 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1363-3090 BN 978-1-107-61609-7; 978-1-107-04011-3 J9 CONSERV BIOL SER JI Conserv. Biol. Ser. PY 2016 BP 324 EP 360 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139627085 PG 37 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BG4EY UT WOS:000388692800012 ER PT S AU Wang, YY AF Wang, Yangyang BE Paluch, M TI Ionic Transport and Dielectric Relaxation in Polymer Electrolytes SO DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF IONIC LIQUIDS SE Advances in Dielectrics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPACE-CHARGE POLARIZATION; DYNAMICALLY DISORDERED-SYSTEMS; POLY(PROPYLENE GLYCOL); PERCHLORATE COMPLEXES; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; SOLID ELECTROLYTES; LIQUID-STATE; MOVING ION; CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFUSION AB Understanding the electrical properties of polymer electrolytes is a fundamentally and practically important problem in electrolyte science. The presence of salt not only poses challenges for the analysis of dielectric spectrum, but also leads to the emergence of new relaxation processes. In addition, the ionic transport mechanism in polymers remains poorly understood. Here we present a brief review of the methods for analysis of the dielectric spectra as well as an account of the phenomenology of ionic transport and dielectric relaxation in polymer electrolytes. C1 [Wang, Yangyang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, YY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangy@ornl.gov NR 70 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2190-930X BN 978-3-319-32489-0; 978-3-319-32487-6 J9 ADV DIELECTR PY 2016 BP 131 EP 156 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-32489-0_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-32489-0 PG 26 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Spectroscopy GA BG2QX UT WOS:000387582600007 ER PT S AU Yen, HJ Wu, JH Liou, GS AF Yen, Hung-Ju Wu, Jia-Hao Liou, Guey-Sheng BE Chen, WC TI High Performance Polyimides for Resistive Switching Memory Devices SO ELECTRICAL MEMORY MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE RSC Polymer Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DONOR-ACCEPTOR POLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; FUNCTIONAL POLYIMIDES; ELECTRICAL BISTABILITY; AROMATIC POLYIMIDES; RANDOM COPOLYIMIDES; CONJUGATED POLYMER; NONVOLATILE; MOIETIES; TRIPHENYLAMINE C1 [Yen, Hung-Ju] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Appl Spect C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wu, Jia-Hao; Liou, Guey-Sheng] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Polymer Sci & Engn, Funct Polymer Mat Lab, 1 Roosevelt Rd,4th Sec, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Liou, GS (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Polymer Sci & Engn, Funct Polymer Mat Lab, 1 Roosevelt Rd,4th Sec, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM gsliou@ntu.edu.tw NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-0790 BN 978-1-78262-250-5; 978-1-78262-116-4 J9 RSC POLYM CHEM SER PY 2016 VL 18 BP 136 EP 166 PG 31 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA BG3NM UT WOS:000388086000006 ER PT J AU Ilgen, AG Trainor, TP AF Ilgen, A. G. Trainor, T. P. TI Homogeneous oxidation of Sb-III by aqueous O-2: the effect of ionic strength, Pb2+ and EDTA SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antimony; redox chemistry; speciation; water chemistry ID SB(III) OXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SHOOTING RANGES; NEW-ZEALAND; ANTIMONY; ENVIRONMENT; SOIL; SOLUBILITY; COMPLEXATION; SPECIATION AB Antimony (Sb) is a recognised contaminant of concern. The oxidation state of antimony controls its mobility in soil and aqueous environments. The predominance of Sb-V (as compared with Sb-III) in shooting range soils and outflows downstream from stibnite deposits indicates the fast oxidation of Sb-III to Sb-V. To better understand chemical controls on Sb-III oxidation to Sb-V, we performed batch experiments, testing the effect of ionic strength, the presence of a complexing agentthe disodium salt of EDTA (Na(2)EDTA), and the addition of lead (Pb2+), on the apparent oxidation rate of Sb-III to Sb-V. We also tested whether aqueous Fe-II reduces Sb-V to Sb-III. We found that the rate of Sb-III oxidation increased with increasing ionic strength. We proposed that the reactive species is Sb(OH)(2)(+). The rate of Sb-III oxidation was also increased owing to the catalytic effect of Pb2+. The complexation by EDTA decreased the rate of Sb-III oxidation to Sb-V; however, the catalytic effect of Pb2+ was also evident in the systems with EDTA. Although thermodynamically favourable, the reduction of Sb-V by Fe-II was not observed in our samples reacted for up to 2 months. The results further explain the absence of Sb-III in the shooting range soils, where metallic bullets, containing lead and antimony, undergo oxidation. The potential chemical factors contributing to the fast oxidation observed in the field include the presence of high concentrations of Pb2+, which catalyses the oxidation of Sb-III to Sb-V, and potentially high ionic strength of the soil pore waters. C1 [Ilgen, A. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Geochem Dept, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Trainor, T. P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, 900 Yukon Dr,Room 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ilgen, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geochem Dept, 1515 Eubank SE Mailstop 0754, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agilgen@sandia.gov FU US Department of Defence's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [ER-1770]; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The experimental work was funded by the US Department of Defence's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) grant ER-1770. Data analysis and modelling were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division. The corresponding author is currently employed by the Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2016 VL 13 IS 6 BP 936 EP 944 DI 10.1071/EN16054 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ED2MG UT WOS:000388679400005 ER PT S AU Li, PS Klein, RI McKee, CF AF Li, Pak Shing Klein, Richard I. McKee, Christopher F. BE Jablonka, P Andre, P VanDerTak, F TI Numerical simulation of star formation in filamentary dark molecular clouds SO FROM INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS TO STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: UNIVERSAL PROCESSES? SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 315th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 03-07, 2015 CL Honolulu, HI SP Int Astronom Union, Ecole Polythechnique Federale Lausanne, Netherlands Inst Space Res, Commissariat Lenergie Atomique & Aux Energies Alternat DE Magnetic fields-MHD-ISM; magnetic fields-ISM; kinematics and dynamics-stars; formation ID MAGNETIC-FIELD AB Numerical simulations of star formation faces challenges including the huge spatial dynamic range and the presence of multiply coupled highly non-linear physics, such as magnetic field, supersonic turbulence, gravitation, radiation and protostellar outflow feedback. We present in this symposium our latest high resolution adaptive mesh refinement numerical simulations of the formation of filamentary dark molecular clouds from 4.55 pc size scale down to the formation of a protostellar cluster with maximum resolution at 28 AU. The physical properties of the long braided filamentary dark cloud formed in the simulation, the magnetic field properties of the cloud clumps, and the protostellar mass function in the simulations match well with the latest observations. C1 [Li, Pak Shing; Klein, Richard I.; McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klein, Richard I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-23, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McKee, Christopher F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 501 Campbell Hall 3411, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM psli@berkeley.edu; klein@astron.berkeley.edu; cmckee@astro.berkeley.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-13520-8 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2016 VL 315 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1017/S1743921316007341 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BG2ZL UT WOS:000387795900103 ER PT S AU Dutta, T Shi, J Sun, J Zhang, X Cheng, G Simmons, BA Singh, S AF Dutta, Tanmoy Shi, Jian Sun, Jian Zhang, Xin Cheng, Gang Simmons, Blake A. Singh, Seema BE BogelLukasik, R TI Ionic Liquid Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuels and Chemicals SO IONIC LIQUIDS IN THE BIOREFINERY CONCEPT: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES SE RSC Green Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; CELLULOSE CRYSTALLINE-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS BIPHASIC SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CORN STOVER; WHEAT-STRAW; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; RICE STRAW C1 [Dutta, Tanmoy; Shi, Jian; Sun, Jian; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Dutta, Tanmoy; Shi, Jian; Sun, Jian; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema] Sandia Natl Labs, Biol & Mat Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Zhang, Xin; Cheng, Gang] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Beijing Key Lab Bioproc, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xin; Cheng, Gang] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA.; Singh, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biol & Mat Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM seesing@sandia.gov OI Dutta, Tanmoy/0000-0002-7597-9028 NR 178 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-7039 BN 978-1-78262-259-8; 978-1-84973-976-4 J9 RSC GREEN CHEM SER PY 2016 IS 36 BP 65 EP 94 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BG0WN UT WOS:000386537200005 ER PT B AU Quinn, HM Morgan, KS Graham, PS Krone, JB Caffrey, MP Lundgreen, K Pratt, B Lee, D Swift, GM Wirthlin, MJ AF Quinn, Heather M. Morgan, Keith S. Graham, Paul S. Krone, James B. Caffrey, Michael P. Lundgreen, Kevin Pratt, Brian Lee, David Swift, Gary M. Wirthlin, Michael J. BE Bagatin, M Gerardin, S TI Assuring Robust Triple-Modular Redundancy Protected Circuits in SRAM-Based FPGAs SO IONIZING RADIATION EFFECTS IN ELECTRONICS: FROM MEMORIES TO IMAGERS SE Devices Circuits and Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ACCURATE RELIABILITY EVALUATION; MULTIPLE-CELL UPSETS; ERROR PROPAGATION; ARCHITECTURES; NETWORKS C1 [Quinn, Heather M.; Morgan, Keith S.; Graham, Paul S.; Krone, James B.; Caffrey, Michael P.] Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Lundgreen, Kevin] Raytheon Appl Signal Technol, Waltham, MA USA. [Pratt, Brian] L3 Commun, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lee, David] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Swift, Gary M.] Swift Engn Res, San Jose, CA USA. [Wirthlin, Michael J.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Quinn, HM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4987-2263-6; 978-1-4987-2260-5 J9 DEVICE CIRC SYST PY 2016 VL 50 BP 195 EP 227 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG2JC UT WOS:000387422900009 ER PT J AU Grillet, AM Humplik, T Stirrup, EK Roberts, SA Barringer, DA Snyder, CM Janvrin, MR Apblett, CA AF Grillet, Anne M. Humplik, Thomas Stirrup, Emily K. Roberts, Scott A. Barringer, David A. Snyder, Chelsea M. Janvrin, Madison R. Apblett, Christopher A. TI Conductivity Degradation of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Binder during Cycling: Measurements and Simulations for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRESS EVOLUTION; CAPACITY FADE; ELECTRODES; CATHODE; PERFORMANCE; DEFORMATION; NANOSCALE; PARTICLES; CELLS AB The polymer-composite binder used in lithium-ion battery electrodes must both hold the electrodes together and augment their electrical conductivity while subjected to mechanical stresses caused by active material volume changes due to lithiation and delithiation. We have discovered that cyclic mechanical stresses cause significant degradation in the binder electrical conductivity. After just 160 mechanical cycles, the conductivity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF): carbon black binder dropped between 45-75%. This degradation in binder conductivity has been shown to be quite general, occurring over a range of carbon black concentrations, with and without absorbed electrolyte solvent and for different polymer manufacturers. Mechanical cycling of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathodes caused a similar degradation, reducing the effective electrical conductivity by 30-40%. Mesoscale simulations on a reconstructed experimental cathode geometry predicted the binder conductivity degradation will have a proportional impact on cathode electrical conductivity, in qualitative agreement with the experimental measurements. Finally, ohmic resistance measurements were made on complete batteries. Direct comparisons between electrochemical cycling and mechanical cycling show consistent trends in the conductivity decline. This evidence supports a new mechanism for performance decline of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries during operation - electrochemically-induced mechanical stresses that degrade binder conductivity, increasing the internal resistance of the battery with cycling. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Grillet, Anne M.; Humplik, Thomas; Stirrup, Emily K.; Roberts, Scott A.; Barringer, David A.; Janvrin, Madison R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Component Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Snyder, Chelsea M.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Snyder, Chelsea M.; Apblett, Christopher A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Power Sources Res & Dev Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Grillet, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Thermal Fluid Component Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM amgrill@sandia.gov FU Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded as part of Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. The authors acknowledge the entire Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation LDRD team for many helpful discussions. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 9 BP A1859 EP A1871 DI 10.1149/2.0341609jes PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED6TC UT WOS:000388988100008 ER PT J AU Knudsen, KB Vegge, T McCloskey, BD Hjelm, J AF Knudsen, Kristian B. Vegge, Tejs McCloskey, Bryan D. Hjelm, Johan TI An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study on the Effects of the Surface- and Solution-Based Mechanisms in Li-O-2 Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POROUS FILM ELECTRODES; CONSTANT-PHASE-ELEMENT; METAL-AIR BATTERIES; POTENTIAL DEPENDENCE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; LI2O2; REDUCTION; STABILITY; THICKNESS; GROWTH AB The maximum discharge capacity in non-aqueous Li-O-2 batteries has been limited to a fraction of its theoretical value, largely due to a conformal deposition of Li2O2 on the cathode surface. However, it has recently been established that additives that increase the shielding of either O-2(-) or Li+ will activate the formation of toroidal shaped Li2O2, thereby dramatically increasing cell capacity. Here we apply porous electrode theory to electrochemical impedance measured at the Li-O-2 cathode to investigate changes in the surface-and ionic resistance within the pores under conditions where either the surface-mechanism or the solution-mechanism is favored. Our experimental observations show that (i) an additional charge transfer process is observed in the impedance spectrum where the solution-based mechanism is favored; (ii) that the changes in the ionic resistance in the cathode during discharge (related to Li2O2 build up) is much greater in cells where the solution-based mechanism is activated and can qualitatively determine the extent of discharge product deposited within the pores of the cathode versus the deposition extent at the electrode/electrolyte interface; and (iii) that the observed "sudden-death" during discharge is a consequence of the increasing charge transfer resistance regardless of whether Li2O2 forms predominantly through either the surface-or solution-based mechanism. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Knudsen, Kristian B.; Vegge, Tejs; Hjelm, Johan] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Energy Convers & Storage, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Knudsen, Kristian B.; McCloskey, Bryan D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McCloskey, Bryan D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hjelm, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Energy Convers & Storage, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.; McCloskey, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; McCloskey, BD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bmcclosk@berkeley.edu; johh@dtu.dk RI Vegge, Tejs/A-9419-2011; OI Vegge, Tejs/0000-0002-1484-0284; Hjelm, Johan/0000-0003-0072-5784 FU Re-Liable project - Danish Council for Strategic Research, Program Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment [11-116792]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Re-Liable project (project No. 11-116792) funded by the Danish Council for Strategic Research, Program Commission on Sustainable Energy and Environment. The work at UC, Berkeley was supported in part by previous work performed through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 9 BP A2065 EP A2071 DI 10.1149/2.1111609jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED6TC UT WOS:000388988100036 ER PT J AU Yin, JF Pelliccione, CJ Lee, SH Takeuchi, ES Takeuchi, KJ Marschilok, AC AF Yin, Jiefu Pelliccione, Christopher J. Lee, Shu Han Takeuchi, Esther S. Takeuchi, Kenneth J. Marschilok, Amy C. TI Communication-Sol-Gel Synthesized Magnesium Vanadium Oxide, MgxV2O5 center dot nH(2)O: The Role of Structural Mg2+ on Battery Performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL INSERTION; INTERCALATION ELECTRODES; APROTIC ELECTROLYTES; WATER-CONTENT; V2O5; CATHODE; NANOTUBES; SODIUM; H2O AB Magnesium intercalated vanadium oxide xerogels, Mg0.1V2O5 center dot 2.35H(2)O and Mg0.2V2O5 center dot 2.46H(2)O were synthesized using an ion removal sol gel strategy. X-ray diffraction indicated lamellar ordering with turbostratic character. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated greater distortion of the vanadium-oxygen coordination environment in Mg0.2V2O5 center dot 2.46H(2)O. Elemental analysis after cycling in Li+ or Mg2+ based electrolytes revealed the magnesium content was unchanged, indicating structural Mg2+ are retained. The Mg0.1V2O5 center dot 2.35H(2)O material displayed high voltage, energy density, and discharge/charge efficiency, indicating promise as a cathode material for future magnesium based batteries. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Yin, Jiefu; Takeuchi, Esther S.; Takeuchi, Kenneth J.; Marschilok, Amy C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Pelliccione, Christopher J.; Takeuchi, Esther S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lee, Shu Han] SUNY Buffalo, Chem & Biol Engn, New York, NY 14260 USA. RP Takeuchi, ES; Takeuchi, KJ; Marschilok, AC (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.; Takeuchi, ES (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM esther.takeuchi@stonybrook.edu; kenneth.takeuchi.1@stonybrook.edu; amy.marschilok@stonybrook.edu RI Yin, Jiefu/A-9654-2017 OI Yin, Jiefu/0000-0003-4363-900X FU Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012673]; Department of Energy, Office of Electricity [1275961]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Material preparation and evaluation in lithium batteries was supported by the Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties, an Energy Frontier Research Center supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award #DE-SC0012673. Magnesium electrochemistry was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Electricity, administered through Sandia National Laboratories, PO#1275961. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 10 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 9 BP A1941 EP A1943 DI 10.1149/2.0781609jes PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED6TC UT WOS:000388988100019 ER PT J AU Abreu-Sepulveda, MA Dhital, C Huq, A Li, L Bridges, CA Paranthaman, MP Narayanan, SR Quesnel, DJ Tryk, DA Manivannan, A AF Abreu-Sepulveda, Maria A. Dhital, Chetan Huq, Ashfia Li, Ling Bridges, Craig A. Paranthaman, M. Parans Narayanan, S. R. Quesnel, David J. Tryk, Donald A. Manivannan, A. TI The Influence of Fe Substitution in Lanthanum Calcium Cobalt Oxide on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; IRON ELECTRODES; CATALYSTS; RUTHENIUM; NICKEL; FILMS; LA0.6CA0.4COO3; NANOPARTICLES; PEROVSKITES AB The effect due to systematic substitution of cobalt by iron in La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 perovskites on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media has been investigated. These compounds were synthesized by a facile glycine-nitrate synthesis and the phase formation was confirmed by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction analysis. The apparent OER activity was evaluated by quasi-steady state current measurements in alkaline media using a traditional three-electrode system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows an increase in Fe substitution causes an increase in the surface concentration of various Co oxidation states. A Tafel slope in the vicinity of 60 mV/decade and electrochemical reaction order for OH-near unity were found for the unsubstituted compounds. A decrease in the Tafel slope to 49 mV/decade was observed when iron is incorporated in high amounts in the perovskite structure. The area specific current density showed dependence on the Fe fraction; however, the dependence of specific current density with Fe fraction is not linear. We believe that the iron incorporation in the La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 perovskites decreases the electron transfer barrier and facilitates the formation of cobalt-hydroxides. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Abreu-Sepulveda, Maria A.; Quesnel, David J.] Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Dhital, Chetan; Huq, Ashfia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Ling; Bridges, Craig A.; Paranthaman, M. Parans] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Narayanan, S. R.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Tryk, Donald A.] Univ Yamanashi, Fuel Cell Nanomat Ctr, Kofu, Yamanashi 4008510, Japan. [Manivannan, A.] West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Manivannan, A (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM amanivan@wvu.edu FU NSF-IGERT [DGE-0966089]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy; New Energy and Industrial Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Department of Energy FX This research has been supported by the NSF-IGERT DGE-0966089 at the University of Rochester, NY. A portion of this research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. Support (MPP and CAB) for neutron characterizations was provided by U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. DAT acknowledges support by the New Energy and Industrial Development Organization (NEDO) of Japan.; Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 9 BP F1124 EP F1132 DI 10.1149/2.1311609jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED6TC UT WOS:000388988100099 ER PT J AU Baker, AM Mukundan, R Spernjak, D Judge, EJ Advani, SG Prasad, AK Borup, RL AF Baker, Andrew M. Mukundan, Rangachary Spernjak, Dusan Judge, Elizabeth J. Advani, Suresh G. Prasad, Ajay K. Borup, Rod L. TI Cerium Migration during PEM Fuel Cell Accelerated Stress Testing SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGER; DEGRADATION MITIGATION; CHEMICAL DEGRADATION; NAFION MEMBRANES; CATALYST LAYERS; DURABILITY; STABILITY; WATER AB Cerium is a radical scavenger which improves polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell durability. During operation, however, cerium rapidly migrates in the PEM and into the catalyst layers (CLs). In this work, membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were subjected to accelerated stress tests (ASTs) under different humidity conditions. Cerium migration was characterized in the MEAs after ASTs using X-ray fluorescence. During fully humidified operation, water flux from cell inlet to outlet generated in-plane cerium gradients. Conversely, cerium profiles were flat during low humidity operation, where in-plane water flux was negligible, however, migration from the PEM into the CLs was enhanced. Humidity cycling resulted in both in-plane cerium gradients due to water flux during the hydration component of the cycle, and significant migration into the CLs. Fluoride and cerium emissions into effluent cell waters were measured during ASTs and correlated, which signifies that ionomer degradation products serve as possible counter-ions for cerium emissions. Fluoride emission rates were also correlated to final PEM cerium contents, which indicates that PEM degradation and cerium migration are coupled. It is proposed that cerium migrates from the PEM due to humidification conditions and degradation, and is subsequently stabilized in the CLs by carbon catalyst supports. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, Andrew M.; Mukundan, Rangachary; Spernjak, Dusan; Judge, Elizabeth J.; Borup, Rod L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Baker, Andrew M.; Advani, Suresh G.; Prasad, Ajay K.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Fuel Cell Res, Newark, DE 19717 USA. RP Borup, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM borup@lanl.gov OI Judge, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2747-1326; Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office (EERE-FCTO); University of Delaware; Federal Transit Administration at the Center for Fuel Cell Research at the University of Delaware FX The authors thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office (EERE-FCTO) for financial support, including Nancy Garland (Technology Manager) and Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos (Fuel Cells Team Leader). We acknowledge Dennis Torraco (LANL) and Stefan Williams (LANL) for assistance with AST testing and XRF, respectively. Prof. Ajay Prasad and Prof. Suresh Advani also acknowledge support from the University of Delaware's Fuel Cell Bus Program. This program is funded by the Federal Transit Administration at the Center for Fuel Cell Research at the University of Delaware. NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 9 BP F1023 EP F1031 DI 10.1149/2.0181609jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED6TC UT WOS:000388988100086 ER PT J AU Perry, A Babanova, S Matanovic, I Neumman, A Serov, A Artyushkova, K Atanassov, P AF Perry, Albert, III Babanova, Sofia Matanovic, Ivana Neumman, Anica Serov, Alexey Artyushkova, Kateryna Atanassov, Plamen TI Evaluation of Pt Alloys as Electrocatalysts for Oxalic Acid Oxidation: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ALKALINE MEDIA; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ALCOHOLS ELECTROOXIDATION; ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL AB In this study we combined experimental approaches and density functional theory to evaluate novel platinum-based materials as electrocatalysts for oxalic acid oxidation. Several Pt alloys, PtSn (1:1), PtSn (19:1), PtRu (1:4), PtRuSn (5:4:1), and PtRhSn (3:1:4), were synthetized using sacrificial support method and tested for oxidation of oxalic acid at pH 4. It was shown that PtSn (1:1) and PtRu (1:4) have higher mass activity relative to Pt. These two materials along with Pt and one of the least active alloys, PtSn (19:1), were further analyzed for the oxidation of oxalic acid at different pHs. The results show that all samples tested followed an identical trend of decreased onset potential with increased pH and increased catalytic activity with decreased pH. Density functional theory was further utilized to gain a fundamental knowledge about the mechanism of oxalic acid oxidation on Pt, PtSn (1:1), and PtRu (1:4). The results of the calculations along with the experimentally observed dependence of generated currents on the oxalic acid concentration indicate that the mechanism of oxalic acid oxidation on Pt proceeds without the participation of surface oxidizing species, while on Pt alloys it involves their participation. (C) The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Perry, Albert, III; Babanova, Sofia; Matanovic, Ivana; Serov, Alexey; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat CMEM, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Matanovic, Ivana] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Neumman, Anica] Oregon State Univ, Sch Chem Biol & Environm Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Atanassov, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengn Mat CMEM, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu FU US DOD, ARO-Multi-University Research Initiative [W911NF-14-1-0263]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by US DOD, ARO-Multi-University Research Initiative grant W911NF-14-1-0263 to University of Utah. VASP license was provided by Theoretical division, LANL, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Computational work was performed using the computational resources of EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, NERSC, supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and CNMS, sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This paper has been designated LA-UR-16-20329. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2016 VL 163 IS 9 BP H787 EP H795 DI 10.1149/2.0861609jes PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA ED6TC UT WOS:000388988100119 ER PT J AU Mansouri, AL Grese, LN Rowe, EL Pino, JC Chennubhotla, SC Ramanathan, A O'Neill, HM Berthelier, V Stanley, CB AF Mansouri, Amanda L. Grese, Laura N. Rowe, Erica L. Pino, James C. Chennubhotla, S. Chakra Ramanathan, Arvind O'Neill, Hugh M. Berthelier, Valerie Stanley, Christopher B. TI Folding propensity of intrinsically disordered proteins by osmotic stress SO MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COACTIVATOR BINDING DOMAIN; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RECEPTOR; LIGAND; STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; REGIONS; CBP AB Proteins imparted with intrinsic disorder conduct a range of essential cellular functions. To better understand the folding and hydration properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), we used osmotic stress to induce conformational changes in nuclear co-activator binding domain (NCBD) and activator for thyroid hormone and retinoid receptor (ACTR) separate from their mutual binding. Osmotic stress was applied by the addition of small and polymeric osmolytes, where we discovered that water contributions to NCBD folding always exceeded those for ACTR. Both NCBD and ACTR were found to gain a-helical structure with increasing osmotic stress, consistent with their folding upon NCBD/ACTR complex formation. Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), we further characterized NCBD structural changes with the osmolyte ethylene glycol. Here a large reduction in overall size initially occurred before substantial secondary structural change. By focusing on folding propensity, and linked hydration changes, we uncover new insights that may be important for how IDP folding contributes to binding. C1 [Mansouri, Amanda L.; Grese, Laura N.; Rowe, Erica L.; Berthelier, Valerie] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Knoxville, TN USA. [Grese, Laura N.; Rowe, Erica L.; O'Neill, Hugh M.; Stanley, Christopher B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pino, James C.; Ramanathan, Arvind] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Hlth Data Sci Inst, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Chennubhotla, S. Chakra] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Rowe, Erica L.] South Coll, Sch Pharm, Knoxville, TN USA. [Pino, James C.] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Stanley, CB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stanleycb@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences through ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development [05246]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences through ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant 05246 (C.S.). A portion of this research was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We acknowledge laboratory support by the Center for Structural Molecular Biology, funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1742-206X EI 1742-2051 J9 MOL BIOSYST JI Mol. Biosyst. PY 2016 VL 12 IS 12 BP 3695 EP 3701 DI 10.1039/c6mb00512h PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ED6DY UT WOS:000388946800018 PM 27752679 ER PT S AU Malik, MA Ramasamy, K Revaprasadu, N AF Malik, Mohammad Azad Ramasamy, Karthik Revaprasadu, Neerish BE Thomas, PJ OBrien, P TI The recent developments in nanoparticle synthesis SO NANOSCIENCE, VOL 3 SE Nanoscience-Specialist Periodical Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; CDTE QUANTUM DOTS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; COPPER SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS; KESTERITE CU2ZNSNS4 NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE SOLVOTHERMAL PROCESS; SOURCE MOLECULAR PRECURSOR; PHASE SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; PHOSPHINE-FREE SYNTHESIS AB Metal chalcogenide nanocrystals of elements such as cadmium, copper, iron, tin, lead and zinc have attracted considerable interest due to their applications in emerging technologies. Developing methods for the combination of the elements to produce binary, ternary and quaternary compounds has dominated research in the field. This chapter will provide the most recent developments (from year 2012 onwards) for the synthesis of nanocrystals. C1 [Malik, Mohammad Azad] Univ Manchester, Sch Mat, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Ramasamy, Karthik] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Revaprasadu, Neerish] Univ Zululand, Dept Chem, Private Bag X 1001, ZA-3886 Kwa Dlangezwa, South Africa. RP Malik, MA (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Mat, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM azad.malik@manchester.ac.uk; kramasamy@lanl.gov; RevaprasaduN@unizulu.ac.za NR 285 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2049-3541 BN 978-1-78262-371-7 J9 NANOSCI-SPEC PER REP PY 2016 VL 3 BP 57 EP 153 DI 10.1039/9781782623717-00057 D2 10.1039/9781782623717 PG 97 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG3OA UT WOS:000388093400004 ER PT S AU Jacobs, CB Wang, K Ievlev, AV Muckley, ES Ivanov, IN AF Jacobs, Christopher B. Wang, Kai Ievlev, Anton V. Muckley, Eric S. Ivanov, Ilia N. BE Lakhtakia, A Mackay, TG Suzuki, M TI Towards functional assembly of 3D and 2D nanomaterials SO NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanostructured Thin Films IX CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Kyoto Univ Fdn ID MONOLAYER WS2; HETEROSTRUCTURES; HETEROJUNCTION; PHOTODETECTORS AB Functional assemblies of materials can be realized by tuning the work function and band gap of nanomaterials by rational material selection and design. Here we demonstrate the structural assembly of 2D and 3D nanomaterials and show that layering a 2D material monolayer on a 3D metal oxide leads to substantial alteration of both the surface potential and optical properties of the 3D material. A 40 nm thick film of polycrystalline NiO was produced by room temperature rf-sputtering, resulting in a 3D nanoparticle assembly. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown 10-30 mu m WS2 flakes (2D material) were placed on the NiO surface using a PDMS stamp transfer technique. The 2D/3D WS2/NiO assembly was characterized using confocal micro Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the vibrational properties and using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to evaluate the surface potential. Raman maps of the 2D/3D assembly show spatial non-uniformity of the A(1g) mode (similar to 418 cm(-1)) and the disorder-enhanced longitudinal acoustic mode, 2LA(M) (similar to 350 cm(-1)), suggesting that the WS2 exists in a strained condition on when transferred onto 3D polycrystalline NiO. KPFM measurements show that single layer WS2 on SiO2 has a surface potential 75 mV lower than that of SiO2, whereas the surface potential of WS2 on NiO is 15 mV higher than NiO, indicating that WS2 could act as electron donor or acceptor depending on the 3D material it is interfaced with. Thus 2D and 3D materials can be organized into functional assemblies with electron flow controlled by the WS2 either as the electron donor or acceptor. C1 [Jacobs, Christopher B.; Wang, Kai; Ievlev, Anton V.; Muckley, Eric S.; Ivanov, Ilia N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jacobs, Christopher B.; Wang, Kai; Ievlev, Anton V.; Muckley, Eric S.; Ivanov, Ilia N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacobs, CB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.; Jacobs, CB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Inst Funct Imaging Mat, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0249-6; 978-1-5106-0250-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9929 AR UNSP 99290C DI 10.1117/12.2238211 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BG4NT UT WOS:000389019400007 ER PT S AU Reichhardt, CM Reichhardt, CJO McDermott, D AF Reichhardt, Charles M. Reichhardt, Cynthia J. Oldson McDermott, Danielle BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI The dynamics of active matter on ordered and disordered substrates (Conference Presentation) SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation XIII CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE C1 [Reichhardt, Charles M.; Reichhardt, Cynthia J. Oldson] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McDermott, Danielle] Wabash Coll, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. RP Reichhardt, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0235-9; 978-1-5106-0236-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9922 AR UNSP 99221H DI 10.1117/12.2238868 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG4RZ UT WOS:000389060700036 ER PT J AU Feng, Y Zhang, YL Wei, YZ Song, XY Fub, YB Battaglia, VS AF Feng, Yan Zhang, Yuliang Wei, Yuzhen Song, Xiangyun Fub, Yanbo Battaglia, Vincent S. TI A ZnS nanocrystal/reduced graphene oxide composite anode with enhanced electrochemical performances for lithium-ion batteries SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CDSE/ZNS QUANTUM DOTS; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SOLAR-CELLS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; LI; NANOSHEETS; SYSTEMS AB A simple route for the preparation of ZnS nanocrystal/reduced graphene oxide (ZnS/RGO) by a hydrothermal synthesis process was achieved. The chemical composition, morphology, and structural characterization reveal that the ZnS/RGO composite is composed of sphalerite-phased ZnS nanocrystals uniformly dispersed on functional RGO sheets with a high specific surface area. The ZnS/RGO composite was utilized as an anode in the construction of a high-performance lithium-ion battery. The ZnS/RGO composite with appropriate RGO content exhibits a high reversible specific capacity (780 mA h g(-1)), excellent cycle stability over 100 cycles (71.3% retention), and good rate performance at 2C (51.2% of its capacity when measured at a 0.1C rate). To further investigate this ZnS/RGO anode for practical use in full Li-ion cells, we tested the electrochemical performance of the ZnS/RGO anode at different cut-off voltages for the first time. The presence of RGO plays an important role in providing high conductivity as well as a substrate with a high surface area. This helps alleviate the typically problems associated with volume expansion and shrinkage during prolonged cycling. Additionally, the RGO provides multiple nucleation points that result in a uniformly dispersed film of nanosized ZnS that covers its surface. Thus, the high surface area RGO enables high electronic conductivity and fast charge transfer kinetics for ZnS lithiation/delithiation. C1 [Feng, Yan; Zhang, Yuliang; Wei, Yuzhen] Tianjin Normal Univ, Tianjin Key Lab Struct & Performance Funct Mol, Key Lab Inorgan Organ Hybrid Funct Mat Chem, Minist Educ,Coll Chem, Tianjin 300387, Peoples R China. [Feng, Yan; Song, Xiangyun; Fub, Yanbo; Battaglia, Vincent S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feng, Y (reprint author), Tianjin Normal Univ, Tianjin Key Lab Struct & Performance Funct Mol, Key Lab Inorgan Organ Hybrid Funct Mat Chem, Minist Educ,Coll Chem, Tianjin 300387, Peoples R China.; Feng, Y; Battaglia, VS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Energy Technol Area, Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hxxyfy@mail.tjnu.edu.cn; vsbattaglia@lbl.gov FU Academic Advancement Project for the Middle-age and Young Teachers of Tianjin Normal University [52XC1502]; China Scholarship Council [201408120022] FX This work was supported by the Academic Advancement Project for the Middle-age and Young Teachers of Tianjin Normal University (No. 52XC1502). Prof. Dr. Yan Feng is supported by the China Scholarship Council (No. 201408120022). NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 29 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 44 BP 30630 EP 30642 DI 10.1039/c6cp06609g PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EC9VR UT WOS:000388492900044 PM 27790651 ER PT J AU Briggs, BD Palafox-Hernandez, JP Li, Y Lim, CK Woehl, TJ Bedford, NM Seifert, S Swihart, MT Prasad, PN Walsh, TR Knecht, MR AF Briggs, Beverly D. Palafox-Hernandez, J. Pablo Li, Yue Lim, Chang-Keun Woehl, Taylor J. Bedford, Nicholas M. Seifert, Soenke Swihart, Mark T. Prasad, Paras N. Walsh, Tiffany R. Knecht, Marc R. TI Toward a modular multi-material nanoparticle synthesis and assembly strategy via bionanocombinatorics: bifunctional peptides for linking Au and Ag nanomaterials SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UNNATURAL AMINO-ACIDS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ASYMMETRIC FUNCTIONALIZATION; BINDING PEPTIDE; ADSORPTION; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; CRYSTALLIZATION; SUPERSTRUCTURES; NANOSTRUCTURES AB Materials-binding peptides represent a unique avenue towards controlling the shape and size of nanoparticles (NPs) grown under aqueous conditions. Here, employing a bionanocombinatorics approach, two such materials-binding peptides were linked at either end of a photoswitchable spacer, forming a multi-domain materials-binding molecule to control the in situ synthesis and organization of Ag and Au NPs under ambient conditions. These multi-domain molecules retained the peptides' ability to nucleate, grow, and stabilize Ag and Au NPs in aqueous media. Disordered co-assemblies of the two nanomaterials were observed by TEM imaging of dried samples after sequential growth of the two metals, and showed a clustering behavior that was not typically observed without both metals and the linker molecules. While TEM evidence suggested the formation of AuNP/AgNP assemblies upon drying, SAXS analysis indicated that no extended assemblies existed in solution, suggesting that sample drying plays an important role in facilitating NP clustering. Molecular simulations and experimental data revealed tunable materials-binding based upon the isomerization state of the photoswitchable unit and metal employed. This work is a first step in generating externally actuated biomolecules with specific material-binding properties that could be used as the building blocks to achieve multi-material switchable NP assemblies. C1 [Briggs, Beverly D.; Knecht, Marc R.] Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Briggs, Beverly D.] Georgia Southern Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Palafox-Hernandez, J. Pablo; Walsh, Tiffany R.] Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia. [Li, Yue; Swihart, Mark T.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lim, Chang-Keun; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Lim, Chang-Keun; Prasad, Paras N.] SUNY Buffalo, Inst Lasers Photon & Biophoton, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Woehl, Taylor J.; Bedford, Nicholas M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Knecht, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Chem, 1301 Mem Dr, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA.; Walsh, TR (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Inst Frontier Mat, Geelong, Vic 3216, Australia.; Swihart, MT (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM swihart@buffalo.edu; ttiffany.walsh@deakin.edu.au RI Walsh, Tiffany/C-2667-2009 OI Walsh, Tiffany/0000-0002-0233-9484 FU Air Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0226]; veski; DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Air Office of Scientific Research, grant number FA9550-12-1-0226. We gratefully acknowledge the Victorian Life Sciences Computation Facility (VLSCI) for allocation of computational resources, and TRW thanks veski for an Innovation Fellowship. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 44 BP 30845 EP 30856 DI 10.1039/c6cp06135d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA EC9VR UT WOS:000388492900067 PM 27801441 ER PT J AU An, W Liu, P AF An, Wei Liu, Ping TI The complex behavior of the Pd-7 cluster supported on TiO2(110) during CO oxidation: adsorbate-driven promoting effect SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHELL NANOPARTICLES; AU NANOPARTICLES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SIZE; PALLADIUM; SURFACES; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; CATALYSIS; OXYGEN AB Using the TiO2(110)-supported Pd-7 cluster as a model catalyst, we have identified from density functional theory calculations that the dynamics of supported metal nanoparticles, particularly at the sub-nanometer scale, can be complex under reactive environments. Increasing the CO coverage can induce a structural transformation from Pd-7-3D/TiO2(110) at low coverage to Pd-7-2D/TiO2(110) at the saturation coverage wherein CO saturation-driven Pd-7-2D/TiO2(110) structure displays superior CO oxidation activity at the interfacial sites, which are highly active for catalyzing O-2 dissociation and CO oxidation via bifunctional synergy. C1 [An, Wei] Shanghai Univ Engn Sci, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Liu, Ping] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP An, W (reprint author), Shanghai Univ Engn Sci, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China.; Liu, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM weian@sues.edu.cn; pingliu3@bnl.gov FU "Innovation Action Program'' from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai City [16ZR1413900]; Shanghai University of Engineering Science [nhrc-2015-01]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC-00112704]; Office of Science of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the "Innovation Action Program'' from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai City (16ZR1413900), the internal fund from Shanghai University of Engineering Science (nhrc-2015-01) and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DESC-00112704. The DFT calculations were performed on TianHe-1(A) at the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, China, and using computational resources at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 45 BP 30899 EP 30902 DI 10.1039/c6cp04734c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ED6CW UT WOS:000388943500001 PM 27711512 ER PT J AU Liu, XJ Wang, CZ Hupalo, M Ho, KM Thiel, PA Tringides, MC AF Liu, Xiaojie Wang, Cai-Zhuang Hupalo, Myron Ho, Kai-Ming Thiel, Patricia A. Tringides, Michael C. TI Interplay between surface and surface resonance states on height selective stability of fcc Dy(111) film at nanoscale SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ISLANDS; METALS AB Using first-principles calculations we show that face-centered cubic Dy(111) ultrathin films exhibit height selective stability. The origin of such height selection can be attributed to the interplay between the localized surface states and surface resonance states due to electron confinement effects. Such effect could be utilized to manipulate the film thickness at the atomic level to achieve desirable film properties or to control the growth of nanostructures on the thin film for various applications. C1 [Liu, Xiaojie] Northeast Normal Univ, Ctr Quantum Sci, Changchun 130117, Peoples R China. [Liu, Xiaojie] Northeast Normal Univ, Sch Phys, Changchun 130117, Peoples R China. [Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Hupalo, Myron; Ho, Kai-Ming; Tringides, Michael C.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Hupalo, Myron; Ho, Kai-Ming; Tringides, Michael C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Wang, CZ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wangcz@ameslab.gov FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11574044]; Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province [20150520088JH] FX Work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division, including a grant of computer time at the National Energy Research Supercomputing Centre (NERSC) in Berkeley, CA. The Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Xiaojie Liu also acknowledges the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11574044 and Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province under Grant No. 20150520088JH. The calculations were also performed on TianHe-1(A) at National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 45 BP 31238 EP 31243 DI 10.1039/c6cp05639c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ED6CW UT WOS:000388943500042 PM 27819082 ER PT J AU Ellis, RJ Bera, MK Reinhart, B Antonio, MR AF Ellis, Ross J. Bera, Mrinal K. Reinhart, Benjamin Antonio, Mark R. TI Trapped in the coordination sphere: nitrate ion transfer driven by the cerium(III/IV) redox couple SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID-EXTRACTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; IMMISCIBLE ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; METAL-IONS; INTERFACE; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; LANTHANIDE; SYSTEM; DIGLYCOLAMIDE AB Redox-driven ion transfer between phases underpins many biological and technological processes, including industrial separation of ions. Here we investigate the electrochemical transfer of nitrate anions between oil and water phases, driven by the reduction and oxidation of cerium coordination complexes in oil phases. We find that the coordination environment around the cerium cation has a pronounced impact on the overall redox potential, particularly with regard to the number of coordinated nitrate anions. Our results suggest a new fundamental mechanism for tuning ion transfer between phases; by 'trapping' the migrating ion inside the coordination sphere of a redox-active complex. This presents a new route for controlling anion transfer in electrochemically-driven separation applications. C1 [Ellis, Ross J.; Bera, Mrinal K.; Antonio, Mark R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Reinhart, Benjamin] Argonne Natl Lab, APS Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ellis, Ross J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bera, Mrinal K.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, DUBBLE CRG, CS40220, F-38043 Grenoble 9, France. RP Ellis, RJ; Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Ellis, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reinhart@aps.anl.gov; mantonio@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research and the use of the Advanced Photon Source user facility are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 45 BP 31254 EP 31259 DI 10.1039/c6cp06528g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ED6CW UT WOS:000388943500044 PM 27819101 ER PT S AU Nagarajan, H Lu, M Yamangil, E Bent, R AF Nagarajan, Harsha Lu, Mowen Yamangil, Emre Bent, Russell BE Rueher, M TI Tightening McCormick Relaxations for Nonlinear Programs via Dynamic Multivariate Partitioning SO PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING, CP 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP) CY SEP 05-09, 2016 CL Toulouse Business Sch, Toulouse, FRANCE SP IJCAI, Artificial Intelligence Journal Div, French Natl Inst Agronom Res, Microsoft Res, French Natl Ctr Sci Res, IBM, Cadence, Siemens, CSIRO, Data 61, Toulouse Univ, Springer, Mol Bioinformat GdR, Toulouse Comp Sci Inst, French Natl Off Aeros Res & Studies, Inst Computat Sustainabil, European Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Swedish Inst Comp Sci, French Soc Operat Res & Assisted Decis Making, N Side, Cosling, Cosytec & LocalSolver HO Toulouse Business Sch DE McCormick relaxations; MINLP; Dynamic partitioning; Bound tightening ID GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; LINEAR RELAXATION; BILINEAR PROGRAMS; MODELS; ALGORITHM; MINLPS AB In this work, we propose a two-stage approach to strengthen piecewise McCormick relaxations for mixed-integer nonlinear programs (MINLP) with multi-linear terms. In the first stage, we exploit Constraint Programing (CP) techniques to contract the variable bounds. In the second stage we partition the variables domains using a dynamic multivariate partitioning scheme. Instead of equally partitioning the domains of variables appearing in multi-linear terms, we construct sparser partitions yet tighter relaxations by iteratively partitioning the variable domains in regions of interest. This approach decouples the number of partitions from the size of the variable domains, leads to a significant reduction in computation time, and limits the number of binary variables that are introduced by the partitioning. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on well-known benchmark problems from MINLPLIB and discuss the computational benefits of CP-based bound tightening procedures. C1 [Nagarajan, Harsha; Yamangil, Emre; Bent, Russell] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Lu, Mowen] Clemson Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Clemson, SC USA. RP Nagarajan, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM harsha@lanl.gov; mlu87@g.clemson.edu; emreyamangil@lanl.gov; rbent@lanl.gov OI Nagarajan, Harsha/0000-0003-4550-1100; Bent, Russell/0000-0002-7300-151X NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-44953-1; 978-3-319-44952-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9892 BP 369 EP 387 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-44953-1_24 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4NX UT WOS:000389019700025 ER PT S AU Dvijotham, K Van Hentenryck, P Cherkov, M Misra, S Vuffray, M AF Dvijotham, Krishnamurthy Van Hentenryck, Pascal Cherkov, Michael Misra, Sidhant Vuffray, Marc BE Rueher, M TI Graphical Models for Optimal Power Flow SO PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING, CP 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on the Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP) CY SEP 05-09, 2016 CL Toulouse Business Sch, Toulouse, FRANCE SP IJCAI, Artificial Intelligence Journal Div, French Natl Inst Agronom Res, Microsoft Res, French Natl Ctr Sci Res, IBM, Cadence, Siemens, CSIRO, Data 61, Toulouse Univ, Springer, Mol Bioinformat GdR, Toulouse Comp Sci Inst, French Natl Off Aeros Res & Studies, Inst Computat Sustainabil, European Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Swedish Inst Comp Sci, French Soc Operat Res & Assisted Decis Making, N Side, Cosling, Cosytec & LocalSolver HO Toulouse Business Sch C1 [Dvijotham, Krishnamurthy; Cherkov, Michael; Misra, Sidhant] CALTECH, Comp & Math Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Van Hentenryck, Pascal; Cherkov, Michael; Misra, Sidhant] Univ Michigan, Ind & Operat Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cherkov, Michael; Misra, Sidhant; Vuffray, Marc] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Dvijotham, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Comp & Math Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dvij@cs.washington.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-44953-1; 978-3-319-44952-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9892 BP 880 EP 881 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG4NX UT WOS:000389019700058 ER PT J AU Rios-Torres, J Malikopoulos, AA AF Rios-Torres, Jackeline Malikopoulos, Andreas A. GP ACM TI Energy Impact of Different Penetrations of Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Preliminary Assessment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH ACM SIGSPATIAL INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE (IWCTS 2016) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science (IWCTS) CY OCT 31, 2016 CL Burlingame, CA SP ACM SIGSPATIAL DE Connected and automated vehicles; cooperative merging control; merging highways; vehicle coordination; car following; mixed traffic simulation ID CAR-FOLLOWING MODEL AB Previous research reported in the literature has shown the benefits of traffic coordination to alleviate congestion, and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. However, there are still many remaining challenges that need to be addressed before a massive deployment of fully automated vehicles. This paper aims to investigate the energy impacts of different penetration rates of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and their interaction with human-driven vehicles. We develop a simulation framework for mixed traffic (CAVs interacting with human-driven vehicles) in merging roadways and analyze the energy impact of different penetration rates of CAVs on the energy consumption. The Gipps car following model is used along with heuristic controls to represent the driver decisions in a merging roadways traffic scenario. Using different penetration rates of CAVs, the simulation results indicated that for low penetration rates, the fuel consumption benefits are significant but the total travel time increases. The benefits in travel time are noticeable for higher penetration rates of CAVs. C1 [Rios-Torres, Jackeline; Malikopoulos, Andreas A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rios-Torres, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM riostorresj@ornl.gov; andreas@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-4577-4 PY 2016 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1145/3003965.3003969 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Transportation Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Transportation GA BG4OR UT WOS:000389021700001 ER PT B AU Afrin, S Dagdelen, J Ma, ZW Kumar, V AF Afrin, Samia Dagdelen, John Ma, Zhiwen Kumar, Vinod GP ASME TI APPLICATION OF SOL-GEL METHOD AS A PROTECTIVE LAYER ON A SPECULAR REFLECTIVE SURFACE FOR SECONDARY REFLECTOR IN A SOLAR RECEIVER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE Concentrating Solar Power; Specular Reflective Coating; Sol-Gel Transparent Protective Coating; Secondary Concentrator ID ENERGY MATERIALS; SILICA FILMS; TEMPERATURE; PH AB Highly-specular reflective surfaces that can withstand elevated temperatures are desirable for many applications including reflective heat shielding in solar receivers and secondary reflectors, which can be used between primary concentrators and heat collectors. A high-efficiency, high-temperature solar receiver design based on arrays of cavities needs a highlyspecular reflective surface on its front section to help sunlight penetrate into the absorber tubes for effective flux spreading. Since this application is for high-temperature solar receivers, this surface needs to be durable and to maintain its optical properties through the usable life. Degradation mechanisms associated with elevated temperatures and thermal cycling, which include cracking, delamination, corrosion/oxidation, and environmental effects, could cause the optical properties of surfaces to degrade rapidly in these conditions. Protected mirror surfaces for these applications have been tested by depositing a thin layer of SiO2 on top of electrodeposited silver by means of the sol-gel method. To obtain an effective thin film structure, this sol-gel procedure has been investigated extensively by varying process parameters that affect film porosity and thickness. Endurance tests have been performed in a furnace at 150 degrees C for thousands of hours. This paper presents the sol-gel process for intermediate-temperature specular reflective coatings and provides the long-term reliability test results of sol-gel protected silver-coated surfaces. C1 [Afrin, Samia] Univ Texas El Paso, Environm Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Dagdelen, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mat Sci Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ma, Zhiwen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kumar, Vinod] Univ Texas El Paso, Mech Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Ma, ZW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM zhiwen.ma@nrel.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A003 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800022 ER PT B AU Babiniec, SM Miller, JE Ambrosini, A Stechel, E Coker, EN Loutzenhiser, PG Ho, CK AF Babiniec, Sean M. Miller, James E. Ambrosini, Andrea Stechel, Ellen Coker, Eric N. Loutzenhiser, Peter G. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PARTICLE REOXIDATION REACTOR FOR EXTRACTION OF HEAT IN THERMOCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID GASIFICATION; COMBUSTION; CO2 AB In an effort to increase thermal energy storage densities and turbine inlet temperatures in concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, focus on energy storage media has shifted from molten salts to solid particles. These solid particles are stable at temperatures far greater than that of molten salts, allowing the use of efficient high-temperature turbines in the power cycle. Furthermore, many of the solid particles under development store heat via reversible chemical reactions (thermochemical energy storage, TCES) in addition to the heat they store as sensible energy. The heat-storing reaction is often the thermal reduction of a metal oxide. If coupled to an Air-Brayton system, wherein air is used as the turbine working fluid, the subsequent extraction of both reaction and sensible heat, as well as the transfer of heat to the working fluid, can be accomplished in a direct-contact, counter-flow reoxidation reactor. However, there are several design challenges unique to such a reactor, such as maintaining requisite residence times for reactions to occur, particle conveying and mitigation of entrainment, and the balance of kinetics and heat transfer rates to achieve reactor outlet temperatures in excess of 1200 degrees C. In this paper, insights to addressing these challenges are offered, and design and operational tradeoffs that arise in this highly coupled system are introduced and discussed. C1 [Babiniec, Sean M.; Miller, James E.; Ambrosini, Andrea; Coker, Eric N.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Stechel, Ellen] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Loutzenhiser, Peter G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Babiniec, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A021 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800040 ER PT B AU Carlson, MD Ho, CK AF Carlson, Matt D. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI A PARTICLE/SCO2 HEAT EXCHANGER TESTBED AND REFERENCE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID COMPRESSION GAS-TURBINE; POWER AB The high-temperature particle - supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton power system is a promising option for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants to achieve SunShot metrics for high-temperature operation, efficiency, and cost. This system includes a falling particle receiver to collect solar thermal radiation, a dry-cooled sCO2 Brayton power block to produce electricity, and a particle to sCO2 heat exchanger to couple the previous two. While both falling particle receivers and sCO2 Brayton cycles have been demonstrated previously, a high temperature, high pressure particle/sCO2 heat exchanger has never before been demonstrated. Industry experience with similar heat exchangers is limited to lower pressures, lower temperatures, or alternative fluids such as steam. Sandia is partnering with three experienced heat exchanger manufacturers to develop and down-select several designs for the unit that achieves both high performance and low specific cost to retire risks associated with a solar thermal particle/sCO2 power system. This paper describes plans for the construction of a particle sCO2 heat exchanger testbed at Sandia operating above 700 degrees C and 20 MPa, with the ability to couple directly with a previously-developed falling particle receiver for on-sun testing at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF). C1 [Carlson, Matt D.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carlson, MD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A017 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800036 ER PT B AU Christian, JM Ortega, JD Ho, CK Yellowhair, J AF Christian, Joshua M. Ortega, Jesus D. Ho, Clifford K. Yellowhair, Julius GP ASME TI DESIGN AND MODELING OF LIGHT-TRAPPING TUBULAR RECEIVER PANELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Multiple receiver designs have been evaluated for improved optics and efficiency gains including flat panel, vertical-finned flat panel, horizontal-finned flat panel, and radially finned. Ray tracing using SolTrace was perfouned to understand the light-trapping effects of the finned receivers. Re-reflections of the fins to other fins on the receiver were captured to give an overall effective solar absorptance. The ray tracing, finite element analysis, and previous computational fluid dynamics showed that the horizontal finned flat panel produced the most efficient receiver with increased light-trapping and lower overall heat loss. The effective solar absorptance was shown to increase from an intrinsic absorptance of 0.86 to 0.96 with ray trace models. The predicted thermal efficiency was shown in CFD models to be over 95%. The horizontal panels produce a re-circulating hot zone between the panel fins reducing convective loss resulting in a more efficient receiver. The analysis and design of these panels are described with additional engineering details on testing a flat panel receiver and the horizontal-finned receiver at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility. Design considerations include the structure for receiver testing, tube sizing, surrounding heat shielding, and machinery for cooling the receiver tubes. C1 [Christian, Joshua M.; Ortega, Jesus D.; Ho, Clifford K.; Yellowhair, Julius] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Christian, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A005 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800024 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Mills, B Christian, JM AF Ho, Clifford K. Mills, Brantley Christian, Joshua M. GP ASME TI VOLUMETRIC PARTICLE RECEIVERS FOR INCREASED LIGHT TRAPPING AND HEATING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB This paper evaluates novel particle release patterns for high-temperature falling particle receivers. Spatial release patterns resembling triangular and square waves are investigated and compared to the conventional straight-line particle release. A design of experiments was developed, and a simulation matrix was developed that investigated three two level factors: amplitude, wavelength, and wave type. Results show that the wave-like patterns increased both the particle temperature rise and thermal efficiency of the receiver relative to the straight-line particle release. Larger amplitudes and smaller wavelengths increased the performance by creating a volumetric heating effect that increased light absorption and reduced heat loss. Experiments are also being designed to investigate the hydraulic and thermal performance of these new particle release configurations. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Mills, Brantley; Christian, Joshua M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A016 PG 9 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800035 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Christian, JM Yellowhair, J Armijo, K Kolb, WJ Jeter, S Golob, M Nguyen, C AF Ho, Clifford K. Christian, Joshua M. Yellowhair, Julius Armijo, Kenneth Kolb, William J. Jeter, Sheldon Golob, Matthew Nguyen, Clayton GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE FALLING PARTICLE RECEIVER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HEAT-TRANSFER; ENERGY; MEDIA; FLOW AB This paper evaluates the on-sun performance of a 1 MW falling particle receiver. Two particle receiver designs were investigated: obstructed flow particle receiver vs. free-falling particle receiver. The intent of the tests was to investigate the impact of particle mass flow rate, irradiance, and particle temperature on the particle temperature rise and thermal efficiency of the receiver for each design. Results indicate that the obstructed flow design increased the residence time of the particles in the concentrated flux, thereby increasing the particle temperature and thermal efficiency for a given mass flow rate. The obstructions, a staggered array of chevron-shaped mesh structures, also provided more stability to the falling particles, which were prone to instabilities caused by convective currents in the free-fall design. Challenges encountered during the tests included non-uniform mass flow rates, wind impacts, and oxidation/deterioration of the mesh structures. Alternative materials, designs, and methods are presented to overcome these challenges. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Christian, Joshua M.; Yellowhair, Julius; Armijo, Kenneth; Kolb, William J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Jeter, Sheldon; Golob, Matthew; Nguyen, Clayton] Georgia Inst Technol, 771 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A006 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800025 ER PT B AU Miller, JE Ambrosini, A Babiniec, SM Coker, EN Ho, CK Al-Ansary, H Jeter, SM Loutzenhiser, PG Johnson, NG Stechel, EB AF Miller, James E. Ambrosini, Andrea Babiniec, Sean M. Coker, Eric N. Ho, Clifford K. Al-Ansary, Hany Jeter, Sheldon M. Loutzenhiser, Peter G. Johnson, Nathan G. Stechel, Ellen B. GP ASME TI HIGH PERFORMANCE REDUCTION/OXIDATION METAL OXIDES FOR THERMOCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE (PROMOTES) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID HEAT-STORAGE AB Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) offers the potential for greatly increased storage density relative to sensible-only energy storage. Moreover, heat may be stored indefinitely in the form of chemical bonds via TCES, accessed upon demand, and converted to heat at temperatures significantly higher than current solar thermal electricity production technology and is therefore well-suited to more efficient high-temperature power cycles. The PROMOTES effort seeks to advance both materials and systems for TCES through the development and demonstration of an innovative storage approach for solarized Air-Brayton power cycles and that is based on newly-developed redox-active metal oxides that are mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIEC). In this paper we summarize the system concept and review our work to date towards developing materials and individual components. C1 [Miller, James E.; Ambrosini, Andrea; Babiniec, Sean M.; Coker, Eric N.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Al-Ansary, Hany] King Saud Univ, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Jeter, Sheldon M.; Loutzenhiser, Peter G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Johnson, Nathan G.; Stechel, Ellen B.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A024 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800043 ER PT B AU Ortega, JD Yellowhair, JE Ho, CK Christian, JM Andraka, CE AF Ortega, Jesus D. Yellowhair, Julius E. Ho, Clifford K. Christian, Joshua M. Andraka, Charles E. GP ASME TI Calorimetric Evaluation of Novel Concentrating Solar Receiver Geometries with Enhanced Effective Solar Absorptance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Direct solar power receivers consist of tubular arrays, or panels, which are typically tubes arranged side by side and connected to an inlet and outlet manifold. The tubes absorb the heat incident on the surface and transfer it to the fluid contained inside them. To increase the solar absorptance, high temperature black paint or a solar selective coating is applied to the surface of the tubes. However, current solar selective coatings degrade over the lifetime of the receiver and must be reapplied, which reduces the receiver thermal efficiency and increases the maintenance costs. This work presents an evaluation of several novel receiver shapes which have been denominated as fractal like geometries (FLGs). The FLGs are geometries that create a light-trapping effect, thus, increasing the effective solar absorptance and potentially increasing the thermal efficiency of the receiver. Five FLG prototypes were fabricated out of Inconel 718 and tested in Sandia's solar furnace at two irradiance levels of similar to 15 and 30 W/cm(2) and two fluid flow rates. Photographic methods were used to capture the irradiance distribution on the receiver surfaces and compared to results from ray-tracing models. This methods provided the irradiance distribution and the thermal input on the FLGs. Air at nearly atmospheric pressure was used as heat transfer fluid. The air inlet and outlet temperatures were recorded, using a data acquisition system, until steady state was achieved. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, using the Discrete Ordinates (DO) radiation and the k-omega Shear Stress Transport (SST) equations, were developed and calibrated, using the test data, to predict the performance of the five FLGs at different air flow rates and irradiance levels. The results showed that relative to a flat plate (base case), the new FLGs exhibited an increase in the effective solar absorptance from 0.86 to 0.92 for an intrinsic material absorptance of 0.86. Peak surface temperatures of similar to 1000 degrees C and maximum air temperature increases of similar to 200 degrees C were observed. Compared to the base case, the new FLGs showed a clear air outlet temperature increase. Thermal efficiency increases of similar to 15%, with respect to the base case, were observed. Several tests, in different days, were performed to assess the repeatability of the results. The results obtained, so far, are very encouraging and display a very strong potential for incorporation in future solar power receivers. C1 [Ortega, Jesus D.; Yellowhair, Julius E.; Ho, Clifford K.; Christian, Joshua M.; Andraka, Charles E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ortega, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A012 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800031 ER PT B AU Verner, KM Ostrom, LT McKellar, MG AF Verner, Kelley M. Ostrom, Lee T. McKellar, Michael G. GP ASME TI UTILIZING WASTE HEAT FROM HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR PYROLYSIS AND OTHER PROCESSES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID NUCLEAR-ENERGY; CHALLENGES; PROSPECTS AB Nuclear reactor systems present a promising sustainable energy source for the future. Simply, a nuclear reactor heats a coolant that powers a turbine to create electricity. The coolant then can either be re-cooled or can be used for process heat applications. By utilizing the heat off the reactor less energy is wasted. A few of the proposed uses of the wasted heat are water desalination, hydrogen production, or pyrolysis. Nuclear power plants most often provide baseload power and are very inflexible. One way to address this is to use nuclear hybrid energy systems. The goal of this research is to create a system that mimics the waste heat from a reactor, demonstrates how to utilize that heat; and shows that when energy demand is low the reactor does not need to reduce power; the energy can be directed elsewhere to create goods. We have developed an Energy Conversion Loop to act as a testbed for experimentation of the aforementioned processes and test the possibility of nuclear hybrid energy systems. The current design consists of a series of heat exchangers that transfer heat between hot air 427 degrees C (800 degrees F) and room temperature water. Each loop of the system mimics a type of process that can be tested with a waste heat application. Early models show the system is capable of producing air temperatures near 427 degrees C (800 degrees F) and steam temperatures of 154.4 degrees C (310 F). These temperatures match needed process heat temperatures for pyrolysis, multi-effect distillation, and multi-stage flash distillation and can be used to simulate other processes for lab scale testing of wasted process heat. Physical testing will be completed in the future to confirm these results. C1 [Verner, Kelley M.; Ostrom, Lee T.] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [McKellar, Michael G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Verner, KM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T03A004 PG 8 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800015 ER PT B AU Yellowhair, J Ho, CK AF Yellowhair, Julius Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI ON-SUN EVALUATION OF THE PHLUX METHOD FOR HELIOSTAT BEAM CHARACTERIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Flux distributions from solar field collectors are typically evaluated using a beam characterization system, which consists of a digital camera with neutral density filters, flux gauge or calorimeter, and water-cooled Lambertian target panel. The pixels in camera image of the flux distribution are scaled by the flux peak value measured with the flux gauge or the total power value measured with the calorimeter. An alternative method, called PHLUX developed at Sandia National Laboratories, can serve the same purpose using a digital camera but without auxiliary instrumentation. The only additional information required besides the digital images recorded from the camera are the direct normal irradiance, an image of the sun using the same camera, and the reflectivity of the receiver or target panel surface. The PHLUX method was evaluated using two digital cameras (Nikon D90 and D3300) at different flux levels on a target panel. The performances of the two cameras were compared to each other and to measurements from a Kendall radiometer. For consistency in comparison of the two cameras, the same focal length lenses and same number of neutral density filters were used. Other camera settings (e.g., shutter speed, f-stop, etc.) were set based on the aperture size and performance of the cameras. The Nikon D3300 has twice the number of pixels as the D90. D3300 provided higher resolution, however, due to the smaller pixel sizes the images were noisier, and the D90 with larger pixels had better response to low light levels. The noise in the D3300, if not corrected, could result in gross overestimation of the irradiance calculations. After corrections to the D3300 flux images, the PHLUX results from the two cameras showed they agreed to within 8% for a peak flux level of 1000 suns on the target, and less than 10% error in the peak flux when compared to the Kendall radiometer. C1 [Yellowhair, Julius; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Dept, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yellowhair, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Dept, POB 5800,MS-1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5022-0 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A011 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TT UT WOS:000389094800030 ER PT B AU Emami, T Tsai, A Tucker, D AF Emami, Tooran Tsai, Alex Tucker, David GP ASME TI ROBUST PID CONTROLLER DESIGN OF A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL GAS TURBINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 14TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB The performance of a 300 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) pilot power plant simulator is evaluated by applying a set of robust Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers that satisfy time delay and gain uncertainties of the SOFC-GT system. The actuators are a fuel valve (FV) that models the fuel cell thermal exhaust, and a cold-air (CA) valve which bypasses airflow rate from the fuel cell cathode. The robust PID controller results for the uncertain gains are presented first, followed by a design for uncertain time delays for both, FV and CA bypass valves. The final design incorporates the combined uncertain gain parameters with the time delay modeling of both actuators. This Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MEMO) technique is beneficial to plants having a wide range of operation and a strong parameter interaction. The practical implementation is presented through simulation in the Matlab/Simulink environment. C1 [Emami, Tooran; Tsai, Alex] US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Emami, T (reprint author), US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5024-4 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T03A003 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TR UT WOS:000389091500008 ER PT B AU Gangloff, J Kast, J Morrison, G Marcinkoski, J AF Gangloff, John Kast, James Morrison, Geoffrey Marcinkoski, Jason GP ASME TI DESIGN SPACE ASSESSMENT OF HYDROGEN STORAGE ONBOARD MEDIUM AND HEAVY DUTY FUEL CELL ELECTRIC TRUCKS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 14TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Hydrogen fuel cells are an important part of a portfolio of strategies for reducing petroleum use and emissions from medium and heavy duty (MD and HD) vehicles; however, their deployment is very limited compared to other powertrains. This paper addresses gaseous hydrogen storage tank design and location on representative MD and HD vehicles. Storage design is based on vehicle size and occupation. The available storage space on representative vehicles is assessed and is used to estimate the weight and capacity of composite material-based compressed gaseous storage at 350 and 700 bar. Results demonstrate the technical feasibility of using hydrogen storage for Fuel Cell Electric Trucks (FCETs) across a wide range of the MD and HD vehicle market. This analysis is part of a longer term project to understand which market segments provide the maximum economic impact and greenhouse gas reduction opportunities for FCETs. C1 [Gangloff, John; Kast, James; Morrison, Geoffrey] US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Fuel Cell Technol Off, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Marcinkoski, Jason] US DOE, Fuel Cell Technol Off, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Gangloff, J (reprint author), US DOE, Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Fuel Cell Technol Off, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5024-4 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T02A002 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TR UT WOS:000389091500004 ER PT B AU Restrepo, B Banta, LE Tucker, D AF Restrepo, Bernardo Banta, Larry E. Tucker, David GP ASME TI SIMULATION OF MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR A FUEL CELL/GAS TURBINE POWER SYSTEM BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND THE RECURSIVE IDENTIFICATION METHOD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 14TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID HYBRID SYSTEM AB A Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy has been suggested and simulated with the empirical dynamic data collected on the Hybrid Performance (HyPer) project facility installed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), U.S. Department of Energy, in Morgantown, WV. The HyPer facility is able to simulate gasifier/fuel cell power systems and uses hardware-based simulation approach that couples a 'modified recuperated gas turbine cycle with hardware driven by a solid oxide fuel cell model. Dynamic data was collected by operating the HyPer facility continuously during five days. Bypass valves along with electric load of the system were manipulated and variables such as mass flow, turbine speed, temperature, pressure, among others were recorded for analysis. This work was developed by focusing on a multivariable recursive system identification structure fitting measured transient data. The results showed that real-time or online data is a viable means to provide a dynamic model for controller design. The excursion dynamic data collected between the setup changes of the experiments was processed off-line to determine the feasibility of applying an adaptive Model Predictive Control strategy. One of the strengths of MPC is that it can allow the designer to impose strict limits on inputs and outputs in order to keep the system within known safe bounds. Two identification structures, ARX and a State-Space model, were used to fit the measured data to dynamic models of the HyPer facility. The State-Space identification was very accurate with a second order model. Visual inspection of the tracking accuracy shows that the ARX approach was approximately as accurate as the State Space structure in its ability to reproduce measured data. However, by comparing the Loss Function and the FPE parameters, the State-Space approach gives better results. The MPC proved to be a good strategy to control the HyPer facility. The airflow valves and the electric load were used to control the turbine speed and the cathode airflow. For the ARX/State Space models, the MPC was very robust in tracking set -point variations. The anticipation feature of the MPC was revealed to be a good tool to compensate time delays in the output variables of the facility or to anticipate eventual set -point moves in order to achieve the objectives very quickly. The MPC also displayed good disturbance rejection on the output variables when the fuel flow was set to simulate FC heat effluent disturbances. Different off-design scenarios of operation have been tested to confirm the estimated implementation behavior of the plant-controller dynamics. C1 [Restrepo, Bernardo] Univ Turabo, Gurabo, PR 00725 USA. [Banta, Larry E.] White Hat Engn, Morgantown, WV USA. [Tucker, David] Natl Energy & Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Restrepo, B (reprint author), Univ Turabo, Gurabo, PR 00725 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5024-4 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A004 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TR UT WOS:000389091500013 ER PT B AU Tsai, A Tucker, D Emami, T AF Tsai, Alex Tucker, David Emami, Tooran GP ASME TI Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation of a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Power Plant Simulator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 14TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Operating points of a 300kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine (SOFC-GT) power plant simulator is estimated with the use of a Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation (MMAE) algorithm, aimed at improving the flexibility of controlling the system to changing operating conditions. Through a set of empirical Transfer Functions derived at two distinct operating points of a wide operating envelope, the method demonstrates the efficacy of estimating online the probability that the system behaves according to a predetermined dynamic model. By identifying which model the plant is operating under, appropriate control strategies can be switched and implemented upon changes in critical parameters of the SOFC-GT system - most notably the Load Bank (LB) disturbance and FC cathode airflow parameters. The SOFC-GT simulator allows testing of various fuel cell models under a cyber-physical configuration that incorporates a 120kW Auxiliary Power Unit, and Balance-of-Plant components in hardware, and a fuel cell model in software. The adaptation technique is beneficial to plants having a wide range of operation, as is the case for SOFC-GT systems. The practical implementation of the adaptive methodology is presented through simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINIK environment. C1 [Tsai, Alex; Emami, Tooran] US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. [Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Tsai, A (reprint author), US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5024-4 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T03A004 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TR UT WOS:000389091500009 ER PT B AU Tucker, D Zaccaria, V Harun, NF AF Tucker, David Zaccaria, Valentina Harun, Nor Farida GP ASME TI Real-time Model of a Fuel Manifold in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack for Fuel Flexibility Studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 14TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID EXTERNAL MANIFOLD; FLOW DISTRIBUTION; SOFC STACK; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; METHANE; LOAD AB Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are considered fairly flexible in terms of employed fuel since the high operating temperature allows direct internal conversion of hydrocarbons to hydrogen. When fed with coal-derived syngas, significant fluctuations in the fuel composition are expected; hence, the study of the fuel cell response to sudden composition changes is a problem of interest. The fuel manifold is an essential component of a fuel cell system, since every change in the fuel upstream is delayed through the manifold before impacting the fuel cell performance. An accurate model of the manifold is extremely important to determine how the fuel cell can handle fuel composition variations. In this work, a real-time model of a fuel manifold for a SOFC stack was developed. The model included a fuel valve, a pipe, and a distribution system of the fuel in the channels, and it was incorporated in a previously developed real-time, distributed model of a SOFC. Darcy equation for pressure losses and ideal gas law for the fuel properties were employed, ensuring the required computational time of 30 ms could be met. A parametric analysis was performed varying the geometry and the fuel conditions (composition, mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure) in order to ensure the validity of the assumptions in the operative range of interest. The residence time in the manifold volume was evaluated with the model, and a composition change was applied to the inlet fuel in order to analyze the time delay. These aspects appeared to be very critical in a view of real-time control of the fuel cell dynamics. C1 [Tucker, David; Zaccaria, Valentina; Harun, Nor Farida] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Tucker, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5024-4 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A005 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TR UT WOS:000389091500014 ER PT B AU Zaccaria, V Branum, Z Tucker, D AF Zaccaria, Valentina Branum, Zachary Tucker, David GP ASME TI FUEL CELL TEMPERATURE CONTROL WITH A PRE-COMBUSTOR IN SOFC GAS TURBINE HYBRIDS DURING LOAD CHANGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 14TH FUEL CELL SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th ASME Fuel Cell Science, Engineering, and Technology Conference CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; MODEL AB The use of high temperature fuel cells, such as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), for power generation, is considered a very efficient and clean solution to conservation of energy resources. Especially when the SOFC is coupled with a gas turbine, the global system efficiency can go beyond 70% on natural gas LHV. However, the durability of the ceramic material and the system operability can be significantly penalized by thermal stresses due to temperature fluctuations and non-even temperature distributions. Thermal management of the cell during load following is therefore very critical. The purpose of this work was to develop and test a pre-combustor model for real-time applications in hardware-based simulations, and to implement a control strategy in order to keep cathode inlet temperature as constant as possible during different operative conditions of the system. The real-time model of the pre-combustor was incorporated into the existing SOFC model and tested in a hybrid system facility, where a physical gas turbine and hardware components were coupled with a cyber-physical fuel cell for flexible, accurate, and cost reduced simulations. The control of the fuel flow to the pre-combustor was proven to be very effective in maintaining a constant cathode inlet temperature during a step change in fuel cell load. After imposing a 20 A load variation to the fuel cell, the controller managed to keep the temperature deviation from the nominal value below 0.3% (2 K). Temperature gradients along the cell were maintained below 10 K/cm. An efficiency analysis was performed in order to evaluate the impact of the pre-combustor on the overall system efficiency. C1 [Zaccaria, Valentina; Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. [Branum, Zachary] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Zaccaria, V (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5024-4 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A002 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TR UT WOS:000389091500011 ER PT B AU Turchi, CS Kurup, P Zhu, GD AF Turchi, Craig S. Kurup, Parthiv Zhu, Guangdong GP ASME TI REVISITING PARABOLIC TROUGH CONCENTRATORS FOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT IN THE UNITED STATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference (POWER20160 CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Power Div AB After significant interest in the 1970s, but relatively few deployments, the use of concentrating solar collectors for thermal applications, including enhanced oil recovery, desalination, and industrial process heat (IPH), is again increasing in global interest. In particular, recent advances in collector design and manufacturing have led to reduced cost per square meter of aperture area. In this study, analysis of a modern parabolic trough that is suited for use in small solar IPH (SIPH) applications predicts that the installed solar field cost can be as low as $170/m(2). A slightly higher cost of $200/m(2) is estimated for facilities typical of a SIPH plant size. Full project costs will include additional costs for contingency, piping and heat exchanger interface, and project indirect costs. The cost for solar-generated heat by SIPH is quantified by defining the levelized cost of heat (LCOH). California offers a favorable environment for SIPH given its good insolation, gas prices typically higher than the national average, and policies promoting solar-thermal deployment. Given historically low gas prices, competing with natural gas remains the primary challenge to deployment. However, this study finds that the solar LCOH for many regions in California is lower than the LCOH from natural gas, using a representative installed solar hardware price and the average price for industrial natural gas in California. Lastly, modification are in progress to the parabolic trough model within NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM) to allow users to more easily predict performance for these steam generation applications. C1 [Turchi, Craig S.; Kurup, Parthiv; Zhu, Guangdong] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Turchi, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5021-3 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T08A018 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG4TQ UT WOS:000389090000065 ER PT S AU Alam, S Nelson, ML Van de Sompel, H Rosenthal, DSH AF Alam, Sawood Nelson, Michael L. Van de Sompel, Herbert Rosenthal, David S. H. BE Fuhr, N Kovacs, L Risse, T Nejdl, W TI Web Archive Profiling Through Fulltext Search SO RESEARCH AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES, TPDL 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL) CY SEP 05-09, 2016 CL Hannover, GERMANY SP Elsevier B V, Ex Libris, L3S Res Ctr, German Natl Lib Sci & Technol DE Web archive; Memento; Archive profiling; Random searcher ID ENGINES AB An archive profile is a high-level summary of a web archive's holdings that can be used for routing Memento queries to the appropriate archives. It can be created by generating summaries from the CDX files (index of web archives) which we explored in an earlier work. However, requiring archives to update their profiles periodically is difficult. Alternative means to discover the holdings of an archive involve sampling based approaches such as fulltext keyword searching to learn the URIs present in the response or looking up for a sample set of URIs and see which of those are present in the archive. It is the fulltext search based discovery and profiling that is the scope of this paper. We developed the Random Searcher Model (RSM) to discover the holdings of an archive by a random search walk. We measured the search cost of discovering certain percentages of the archive holdings for various profiling policies under different RSM configurations. We can make routing decisions of 80% of the requests correctly while maintaining about 0.9 recall by discovering only 10% of the archive holdings and generating a profile that costs less than 1% of the complete knowledge profile. C1 [Alam, Sawood; Nelson, Michael L.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Van de Sompel, Herbert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Rosenthal, David S. H.] Stanford Univ Libraries, Stanford, CA USA. RP Alam, S (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM salam@cs.odu.edu; mln@cs.odu.edu; herbertv@lanl.gov; dshr@stanford.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-43997-6; 978-3-319-43996-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9819 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-43997-6_10 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BG4OK UT WOS:000389021000010 ER PT J AU Chambers, M Mallory, SA Malone, H Gao, Y Anthony, SM Yi, Y Cacciuto, A Yu, Y AF Chambers, Mariah Mallory, Stewart Anthony Malone, Heather Gao, Yuan Anthony, Stephen M. Yi, Yi Cacciuto, Angelo Yu, Yan TI Lipid membrane-assisted condensation and assembly of amphiphilic Janus particles SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID GIANT VESICLES; NANOPARTICLES; MICROMOTORS; LIPOSOMES; TRACKING; SPHERES; PORES AB Amphiphilic Janus particles self-assemble into complex metastructures, but little is known about how their assembly might be modified by weak interactions with a nearby biological membrane surface. Here, we report an integrated experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study to investigate the self-assembly of amphiphilic Janus particles on a lipid membrane. We created an experimental system in which Janus particles are allowed to self-assemble in the same medium where zwitterionic lipids form giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Janus particles spontaneously concentrated on the inner leaflet of the GUVs. They exhibited biased orientation and heterogeneous rotational dynamics as revealed by single particle rotational tracking. The combined experimental and simulation results show that Janus particles concentrate on the lipid membranes due to weak particle-lipid attraction, whereas the biased orientation of particles is driven predominantly by inter-particle interactions. This study demonstrates the potential of using lipid membranes to influence the self-assembly of Janus particles. C1 [Chambers, Mariah; Malone, Heather; Gao, Yuan; Yi, Yi; Yu, Yan] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Mallory, Stewart Anthony; Cacciuto, Angelo] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Anthony, Stephen M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Bioenergy & Def Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Yu, Y (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA.; Cacciuto, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ac2822@columbia.edu; yy33@indiana.edu OI Yu, Yan/0000-0001-6496-5045 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-1554078, DMR-1408259, ACI-1053575]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144155]; Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr Jim Powers with fluorescence imaging at the IUB Light Microscopy Imaging Center. Fabrication of Janus particles was performed at the Nanoscale Characterization Facility at Indiana University. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-1554078 to Y. Y. and Grant No. DMR-1408259 to A. C. S. A. M acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship grant number DGE-1144155. S. M. A. acknowledges support from the Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ACI-1053575. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 45 BP 9151 EP 9157 DI 10.1039/c6sm02171a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA ED5XX UT WOS:000388928100003 PM 27796398 ER PT S AU Honscheid, K Elliott, AE Beaufore, L Buckley-Geer, E Castander, F Dacosta, L Fausti, A Kent, S Kirkby, D Neilsen, E Reil, K Serrano, S Slozar, A AF Honscheid, K. Elliott, A. E. Beaufore, L. Buckley-Geer, E. Castander, F. daCosta, L. Fausti, A. Kent, S. Kirkby, D. Neilsen, E. Reil, K. Serrano, S. Slozar, A. BE Chiozzi, G Guzman, JC TI The DESI Instrument Control System SO SOFTWARE AND CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy IV CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE AB The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), a new instrument currently under construction for the Mayall 4-m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, will consist of a wide-field optical corrector with a 3.2 degree diameter field of view, a focal plane with 5,000 robotically controlled fiber positioners and 10 fiber-fed broad-band spectrographs. This article describes the design of the DESI instrument control system (ICS). The ICS coordinates fiber positioner operations, interfaces to the Maya11 telescope control system, monitors operating conditions, reads out the 30 spectrograph CCDs and provides observer support and data quality monitoring. C1 [Honscheid, K.; Elliott, A. E.; Beaufore, L.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Buckley-Geer, E.; Kent, S.; Neilsen, E.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Castander, F.; Serrano, S.] IEEC, Barcelona, Spain. [daCosta, L.; Fausti, A.] Observ Natl, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Kirkby, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Reil, K.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Slozar, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Uptown, NY USA. RP Honscheid, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kh@physics.osu.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0205-2; 978-1-5106-0206-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9913 AR UNSP 99130P DI 10.1117/12.2229835 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Engineering; Optics GA BG4GJ UT WOS:000388804600023 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI The propagation of a disturbance in relation to imaging SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 1 EP 26 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000002 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING With Applications for Hydrology, Reservoir Engineering, and Geophysics Preface SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP VII EP + D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000001 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI Principles and equations governing fluid flow and deformation SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 27 EP 100 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 74 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000003 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI Trajectory-based modeling SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 101 EP 130 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000004 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI Equations in diffusion form SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 131 EP 171 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 41 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000005 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI Equations governing advection and transport SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 172 EP 219 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 48 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000006 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI Immiscible fluid flow SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 220 EP 284 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 65 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000007 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI Coupled deformation and fluid flow SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 285 EP 326 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 42 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000008 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Datta-Gupta, A AF Vasco, Donald Wyman Datta-Gupta, Akhil BA Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A BF Vasco, DW DattaGupta, A TI a guide to the accompanying software SO SUBSURFACE FLUID FLOW AND IMAGING: WITH APPLICATIONS FOR HYDROLOGY, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING, AND GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Vasco, Donald Wyman] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Acad Sci, Polar Res Board, 2101 Constitut Ave Nw, Washington, DC 20418 USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] Natl Petr Council, Technol Task Force, Washington, DC USA. [Datta-Gupta, Akhil] US Natl Acad Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-51633-4 PY 2016 BP 327 EP 335 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139018876 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Geological; Water Resources SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Water Resources GA BG2OA UT WOS:000387503000009 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Carlson, M Garg, P Kumar, P AF Ho, Clifford K. Carlson, Matthew Garg, Pardeep Kumar, Pramod GP ASME TI COST AND PERFORMANCE TRADEOFFS OF ALTERNATIVE SOLAR-DRIVEN S-CO2 BRAYTON CYCLE CONFIGURATIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, 2015, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th ASME International Conference on Energy Sustainability CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID COMPRESSION GAS TURBINE; CARBON DIOXIDE CYCLES AB This paper evaluates cost and performance tradeoffs of alternative supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) closed-loop Brayton cycle configurations with a concentrated solar heat source. Alternative s-CO2 power cycle configurations include simple, recompression, cascaded, and partial cooling cycles. Results show that the simple closed-loop Brayton cycle yielded the lowest power-block component costs while allowing variable temperature differentials across the s-CO2 heating source, depending on the level of recuperation. Lower temperature differentials led to higher sensible storage costs, but cycle configurations with lower temperature differentials (higher recuperation) yielded higher cycle efficiencies and lower solar collector and receiver costs. The cycles with higher efficiencies (simple recuperated, recompression, and partial cooling) yielded the lowest overall solar and power-block component costs for a prescribed power output. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Carlson, Matthew] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Garg, Pardeep; Kumar, Pramod] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5684-0 PY 2016 AR V001T05A016 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BE6KS UT WOS:000374279400040 ER PT J AU Ruoti, S Andersen, J Heidbrink, S O'Neill, M Vaziripour, E Wu, J Zappala, D Seamons, K AF Ruoti, Scott Andersen, Jeff Heidbrink, Scott O'Neill, Mark Vaziripour, Elham Wu, Justin Zappala, Daniel Seamons, Kent GP ACM TI "We're on the Same Page": A Usability Study of Secure Email Using Pairs of Novice Users SO 34TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS, CHI 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI4GOOD) CY MAY 07-12, 2016 CL San Jose, CA SP Assoc Comp Machinery, SIG CHI DE Usable Security; Secure Email; User Study; Paired Participants AB Secure email is increasingly being touted as usable by novice users, with a push for adoption based on recent concerns about government surveillance. To determine whether secure email is ready for grassroots adoption, we employ a laboratory user study that recruits pairs of novice users to install and use several of the latest systems to exchange secure messages. We present both quantitative and qualitative results from 25 pairs of novice users as they use Pwm, Tutanota, and Virtru. Participants report being more at ease with this type of study and better able to cope with mistakes since both participants are "on the same page". We find that users prefer integrated solutions over depot-based solutions, and that tutorials are important in helping first-time users. Hiding the details of how a secure email system provides security can lead to a lack of trust in the system. Participants expressed a desire to use secure email, but few wanted to use it regularly and most were unsure of when they might use it. C1 [Ruoti, Scott; Andersen, Jeff; Heidbrink, Scott; O'Neill, Mark; Vaziripour, Elham; Wu, Justin; Zappala, Daniel; Seamons, Kent] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ruoti, Scott; Heidbrink, Scott; O'Neill, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ruoti, S (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM ruoti@isrl.byu.edu; zappala@cs.byu.edu; seamons@cs.byu.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-3362-7 PY 2016 BP 4298 EP 4308 DI 10.1145/2858036.2858400 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3EQ UT WOS:000380532904026 ER PT S AU Tittmann, BR Reinhardt, BT Daw, J AF Tittmann, B. R. Reinhardt, B. T. Daw, J. GP IEEE TI Ultrasonic Transducers for Harsh Environments SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) SE IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY SEP 18-21, 2016 CL Tours, FRANCE SP IEEE DE ultrasonic transducers; harsh environment; Aluminum nitride; Remendur; Galfanol; magnetostriction; nuclear reactor AB Several Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) programs, such as the Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCRD), Advanced Reactor Concepts (ARC), Light Water Reactor Sustainability, and Next Generation Nuclear Power Plants (NGNP), are investigating new fuels, materials, and inspection paradigms for advanced and existing reactors. A key objective of such programs is to understand the performance of these fuels and materials during irradiation. In DOE-NE's FCRD program, ultrasonic based technology was identified as a key approach that should be pursued to obtain the high-fidelity, high-accuracy data required to characterize the behavior and performance of new candidate fuels and structural materials during irradiation testing. The radiation, high temperatures, and pressure can limit the available tools and characterization methods. In this work piezoelectric transducers capable of making these measurements are developed. Specifically, three piezoelectric sensors (Bismuth Titanate, Aluminum Nitride, and Zinc Oxide) are tested in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research reactor to a fast neutron fluence of 8.65x10(20) n/cm(2). It is demonstrated that Bismuth Titanate is capable of transduction up to 5 x10(20) n/cm(2), Zinc Oxide is capable of transduction up to at least 6.27 x10(20) n/cm(2), and Aluminum Nitride is capable of transduction up to at least 8.65x x10(20) n/cm(2). C1 [Tittmann, B. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Reinhardt, B. T.] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Daw, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Tittmann, BR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, 227 Hammond Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM brt4@psu.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1948-5719 BN 978-1-4673-9897-8 J9 IEEE INT ULTRA SYM PY 2016 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG2NQ UT WOS:000387497400016 ER PT B AU Joshi, PC Kuruganti, T Duty, CE AF Joshi, Pooran C. Kuruganti, Teja Duty, Chad E. BE Srivatsan, TS Sudarshan, TS TI Printed and Hybrid Electronics Enabled by Digital Additive Manufacturing Technologies SO ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: INNOVATIONS, ADVANCES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLAR-CELLS; LOW-COST; CONDUCTING ELECTRODES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PLASTIC FOIL; RFID TAGS; SENSORS; PAPER; CIRCUITS; INK AB Additive manufacturing and printed electronics technologies have the potential to enable new products and markets. The capabilities, versatility, and reliability of additive manufacturing and directwrite techniques are growing at a rapid pace to meet the cost and performance demands of future manufacturing technologies. This chapter provides an overview of the emerging additive manufacturing concepts and techniques for the processing and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) integration of functional electronic components and devices on microscale structures. Key enabling processing technologies for flexible electronic applications and their impact on material and device integration are also discussed. Additive manufacturing technology in combination with printed electronics has the potential to define the path toward hybrid technology integration of sensors and electronics on engineered 3D geometries. Recent developments in flexible hybrid electronics exploiting additive manufacturing and direct-write printing technologies are also highlighted. C1 [Joshi, Pooran C.; Kuruganti, Teja; Duty, Chad E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joshi, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 132 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4987-1478-5; 978-1-4987-1477-8 PY 2016 BP 131 EP 153 PG 23 WC Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BG0JA UT WOS:000386261100006 ER PT J AU Schlichting, S Tribedy, P AF Schlichting, Soeren Tribedy, Prithwish TI Collectivity in Small Collision Systems: An Initial-State Perspective SO ADVANCES IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; QUARK-GLUON-PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; RANGE ANGULAR-CORRELATIONS; ENERGY PA-COLLISIONS; LIGHT ION COLLISIONS; LONG-RANGE; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; PB COLLISIONS; DIHADRON CORRELATIONS AB Measurements of multiparticle correlations in the collisions of small systems such as p+p, p/d/(3) He+A show striking similarity to the observations in heavy-ion collisions. A number of observables measured in the high-multiplicity events of these systems resemble features that are attributed to collectivity driven by hydrodynamics. However, alternative explanations based on initial-state dynamics are able to describe many characteristic features of these measurements. In this brief review, we highlight some of the recent developments and outstanding issues in this direction. C1 [Schlichting, Soeren; Tribedy, Prithwish] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schlichting, Soeren] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Tribedy, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ptribedy@bnl.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-SC0012704, DE-FG02-97ER41014] FX The authors thank Kevin Dusling, Ulrich Heinz, Tuomas Lappi, Wei Li, Derek Teaney, and Raju Venugopalan for important discussions. The authors thank Bjoern Schenke for careful reading of the manuscript and helpful comments and suggestions. The authors are supported under Department of Energy Contract no. DE-SC0012704. Soren Schlichting acknowledges support under DOE Grant no. DE-FG02-97ER41014. NR 135 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-7357 EI 1687-7365 J9 ADV HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI Adv. High. Energy Phys. PY 2016 AR 8460349 DI 10.1155/2016/8460349 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA EC8OJ UT WOS:000388401000001 ER PT J AU Cusick, KD Wilhelm, SW Hargraves, PE Sayler, GS AF Cusick, Kathleen D. Wilhelm, Steven W. Hargraves, Paul E. Sayler, Gary S. TI Single-cell PCR of the luciferase conserved catalytic domain reveals a unique cluster in the toxic bioluminescent dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indian River Lagoon; Dinoflagellate; Pyrodinium bahamense; Saxitoxin; Single-cell PCR; Luciferase; Bioluminescence ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; GENE; DINOPHYCEAE; SEQUENCES; SCINTILLONS; MORPHOLOGY; PARTICLES; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION AB Pyrodinium bahamense is a toxic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate with a record of intense bloom formation in both the Atlantic-Caribbean and Indo-Pacific regions. To date, limited genetic information exists for P. bahamense in comparison to other closely related harmful algal bloom taxa such as Alexandrium, or other bioluminescent taxa such as Pyrocystis. This study utilized single-cell PCR to explore the molecular diversity of P. bahamense within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, USA, and a bioluminescent bay in Puerto Rico. Pyrodinium-specific primers targeting a ca. 1.2-kb region of the 18S rRNA gene and degenerate primers targeting the conserved catalytic domain of the luciferase gene (lcf) were applied to single cells isolated from both geographic regions as well as single cells of clonal isolates from the IRL. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that while P. bahamense is more closely related to Alexandrium spp. at the 18S rRNA gene level, its lcf sequences are more closely related to Pyrocystis spp. than Alexandrium spp. Pyrodinium bahamense lcf sequences from the Western Atlantic formed 2 distinct clusters. These clusters were defined by a set of core amino acid substitutions, and the extent of variation was greater than that recorded between the established variants of Pyrocystis lcf. lcf sequences from an Indo-Pacific strain formed a third distinct cluster. Based on these results, the potential of lcf for use in tracking sub-populations of P. bahamense is discussed. C1 [Cusick, Kathleen D.; Wilhelm, Steven W.; Sayler, Gary S.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wilhelm, Steven W.; Sayler, Gary S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sayler, Gary S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hargraves, Paul E.; Sayler, Gary S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Hargraves, Paul E.; Sayler, Gary S.] UT ORNL Joint Inst Biol Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cusick, Kathleen D.] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Cusick, KD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Cusick, KD (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM kdcusick@gmail.com FU NASA graduate student fellowship FX The authors thank Drs. Wayne Litaker and Mark Vandersea, NOAA, and Dr. Allen Place, University of Maryland, for providing the Karlodinium DNA, and Dr. Alison Buchan and Mary Hadden, University of Tennessee, for the Roseobacter DNA. We greatly appreciate the scientific advice and support of Dr. Michael Latz (UC San Diego). Many thanks to members of the Aquatic Group at the Kennedy Space Center: Doug Scheidt, Karen Holloway-Adkins, Eric Reier, and Russ Lowers, along with Greg Cusick, for water sample collection. K.D.C. was supported by a NASA graduate student fellowship. This is contribution no. 2041 from the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2016 VL 25 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.3354/ab00664 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ED0BY UT WOS:000388509200002 ER PT J AU Amore, A Ciesielski, PN Lin, CY Salvachua, D Nogue, VSI AF Amore, Antonella Ciesielski, Peter N. Lin, Chien-Yuan Salvachua, Davinia Sanchez I Nogue, Violeta TI Development of Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Technologies: Recent Advances and Current Challenges SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID PLANT-CELL-WALLS; CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULE; IMPROVES ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FERMENTING SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; CORN STOVER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AB Recent developments of the biorefinery concept are described within this review, which focuses on the efforts required to make the lignocellulosic biorefinery a sustainable and economically viable reality. Despite the major research and development endeavours directed towards this goal over the past several decades, the integrated production of biofuel and other bio-based products still needs to be optimized from both technical and economical perspectives. This review will highlight recent progress towards the optimization of the major biorefinery processes, including biomass pretreatment and fractionation, saccharification of sugars, and conversion of sugars and lignin into fuels and chemical precursors. In addition, advances in genetic modification of biomass structure and composition for the purpose of enhancing the efficacy of conversion processes, which is emerging as a powerful tool for tailoring biomass fated for the biorefinery, will be overviewed. The continual improvement of these processes and their integration in the format of a modern biorefinery is paving the way for a sustainable bio-economy which will displace large portions of petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals with renewable substitutes. C1 [Amore, Antonella; Ciesielski, Peter N.; Lin, Chien-Yuan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Salvachua, Davinia; Sanchez I Nogue, Violeta] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Amore, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM antonella.amore@nrel.gov FU US Department of Energy's Bioenergy Technologies Office; US Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr Gregg T. Beckham and Dr Stephen R. Decker for their critical readings of the manuscript. The US Department of Energy's Bioenergy Technologies Office and Office of Basic Energy Sciences are gratefully acknowledged for financial support. NR 223 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9425 EI 1445-0038 J9 AUST J CHEM JI Aust. J. Chem. PY 2016 VL 69 IS 11 BP 1201 EP 1218 DI 10.1071/CH16022 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EC7AO UT WOS:000388288200002 ER PT J AU Schreiber, MW Rodriguez-Nino, D Gutierrez, OY Lercher, JA AF Schreiber, Moritz W. Rodriguez-Nino, Daniella Gutierrez, Oliver Y. Lercher, Johannes A. TI Hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acid esters catalyzed by Ni on nano-sized MFI type zeolites SO CATALYSIS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGENATION; DEOXYGENATION; CONVERSION; MORPHOLOGY; CLUSTERS; SITES; MODEL AB The impact of support morphology and composition on the intrinsic activity of Ni supported on MFI-type zeolite was explored in the hydrodeoxygenation of methyl stearate, tristearate, and algae oil (mixture of triglycerides). The nano-sized structure of the support (self-pillared nanosheets) is beneficial for the activity of the catalysts. Higher Ni dispersion and concomitant higher reaction rates were obtained on nano-structured supports than on zeolite with conventional morphology. Rates normalized to accessible Ni atoms (TOF), however, varied little with support morphology. Acidity of the support increases the rate of Ni-catalyzed C-O hydrogenolysis per surface metal site. C1 [Schreiber, Moritz W.; Rodriguez-Nino, Daniella; Gutierrez, Oliver Y.; Lercher, Johannes A.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr 4, D-84747 Garching, Germany. [Schreiber, Moritz W.; Rodriguez-Nino, Daniella; Gutierrez, Oliver Y.; Lercher, Johannes A.] Tech Univ Munich, Catalysis Res Ctr, Lichtenbergstr 4, D-84747 Garching, Germany. [Lercher, Johannes A.] Inst Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gutierrez, OY; Lercher, JA (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Lichtenbergstr 4, D-84747 Garching, Germany.; Gutierrez, OY; Lercher, JA (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Catalysis Res Ctr, Lichtenbergstr 4, D-84747 Garching, Germany.; Lercher, JA (reprint author), Inst Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Oliver.Gutierrez@mytum.de; Johannes.Lercher@ch.tum.de FU Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology (Bayerisches Staatsministerium fur Wirtschaft und Medien, Energie und Technologie) [LaBay74]; Bavarian State Ministry of Education, Science and the Arts (Bayerisches Staatsministerium fur Bildung und Kultus, Wissenschaft und Kunst) FX The authors thank Roel Prins and Gary L. Haller for the critical discussion of the manuscript. We are also grateful to Andreas Ehrmaier, Marco Peroni, and Marianne Hanzlik for TEM measurements, Martin Neukamm for AAS measurements and Xaver Hecht for chemisorption and physisorption measurements. Financial support for M. W. S. in the framework of the AlgenFlugKraft project (LaBay74) of the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology (Bayerisches Staatsministerium fur Wirtschaft und Medien, Energie und Technologie) and of the Bavarian State Ministry of Education, Science and the Arts (Bayerisches Staatsministerium fur Bildung und Kultus, Wissenschaft und Kunst) is highly appreciated. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-4753 EI 2044-4761 J9 CATAL SCI TECHNOL JI Catal. Sci. Technol. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 22 BP 7976 EP 7984 DI 10.1039/c6cy01598k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA EC9WD UT WOS:000388494100006 ER PT B AU Sisk, DA AF Sisk, Dorothy A. BE Ambrose, D Sternberg, RJ TI CREATIVITY AND LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT SO CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: GRAPPLING WITH ENORMOUS PROBLEMS AND HUGE OPPORTUNITIES SE Advances in Creativity and Giftedness LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sisk, Dorothy A.] Lamar Univ, Dept Counseling Guidance & Special Populat, Beaumont, TX 77705 USA. [Sisk, Dorothy A.] US DOE, Off Gifted & Talented, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Sisk, Dorothy A.] World Council Gifted & Talented Children, Bowling Green, KY USA. [Sisk, Dorothy A.] Creat Problem Solving Inst, Scituate, MA USA. RP Sisk, DA (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Counseling Guidance & Special Populat, Beaumont, TX 77705 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SENSE PUBLISHERS PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 21858, ROTTERDAM, 3001 AW, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-6300-504-3; 978-94-6300-506-7; 978-94-6300-505-0 J9 ADV CREAT GIFT PY 2016 VL 11 BP 233 EP 254 D2 10.1007/978-94-6300-506-7 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BG3CK UT WOS:000387877100015 ER PT J AU Dolinar, BS Kozimor, SA Berry, JF AF Dolinar, Brian S. Kozimor, Stosh A. Berry, John F. TI K-3[Mo-2(SNO5)(4)Cl](3)[Mo-2(SNO5)(4)]: the first example of a heterometallic extended metal atom node (HEMAN) SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR LOGIC; COMPLEXES; CHAINS; BONDS; CONSEQUENCES; TRANSISTORS; REDUCTION; CIRCUITS; HALIDES; SYSTEM AB We present the synthesis, structure, and electrochemistry of K-3[Mo-2(SNO5)(4)Cl](3)[Mo-2(SNO5)(4)] (1, HSNO5 = monothiosuccini-mide), the first example of a heterometallic extended metal atom node (HEMAN). The HEMAN consists of two perpendicular, intersecting lines of metal atoms formed by three [Mo-2(SNO5)(4)Cl](-) units and one [Mo-2(SNO5)(4)] unit tethered together by K+ ions. C1 [Dolinar, Brian S.; Berry, John F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kozimor, Stosh A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inorgan Isotope & Actinide Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berry, JF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM berry@chem.wisc.edu RI Dolinar, Brian/S-3010-2016 OI Dolinar, Brian/0000-0002-8228-4590 FU NSF [CHE-1300464]; LANL Seaborg Institute FX The authors wish to acknowledge financial support provided under NSF Grant CHE-1300464, and a generous gift from Paul J. Bender (X-ray diffraction). We additionally thank the Office of Science, Heavy Element Chemistry Program at LANL by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (Kozimor). BSD thanks the LANL Seaborg Institute for a summer research fellowship that contributed to this paper. The authors would like to thank Brian L. Scott for his help in collecting X-ray data. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 44 BP 17602 EP 17605 DI 10.1039/c6dt03659g PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA EC4MH UT WOS:000388104900006 PM 27775124 ER PT J AU Cols, JMEP Taylor, CE Gagnon, KJ Teat, SJ McIntosh, RD AF Cols, Jean-Marie E. P. Taylor, Cameron E. Gagnon, Kevin J. Teat, Simon J. McIntosh, Ruaraidh D. TI Well-defined Ti-4 pre-catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of lactide SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID DIAMINE BIS(PHENOLATE) COMPLEXES; GROUP-4 SALALEN COMPLEXES; TITANIUM COMPLEXES; CYCLIC ESTERS; METAL-COMPLEXES; RAC-LACTIDE; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; EFFICIENT CATALYSTS AB The synthesis and full characterisation of four discrete tetrametallic titanium complexes is reported. These well-defined compounds are isostructural in the solid state and share the same general formula: Ti-4(mu-O)(2)L-4 (L = 1, 2, 3 or 4). Using a combination of NMR techniques the complexes are found to be stable in solution, even at elevated temperatures. Further studies show that the carboxylate moieties of the supporting amine bis(phenolate) ligands can be displaced by a more strongly coordinating solvent. This reversible process causes the coordinatively saturated Ti-4(mu-O)(2)L-4 complexes to separate into two Ti-2(mu-O)L-2 subunits which we envisaged would be catalytically active. Proof-of-concept experiments establish that all four of these complexes display catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide. These aggregates can therefore be viewed as air and moisture stable pre-catalysts for a range of reactions. C1 [Cols, Jean-Marie E. P.; Taylor, Cameron E.; McIntosh, Ruaraidh D.] Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Chem Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Gagnon, Kevin J.; Teat, Simon J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McIntosh, RD (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Inst Chem Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM R.McIntosh@hw.ac.uk RI McIntosh, Ruaraidh/F-9750-2011 OI McIntosh, Ruaraidh/0000-0002-7563-5655 FU Heriot-Watt University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We are grateful to acknowledge financial support from Heriot-Watt University and assistance from the EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility at Swansea University. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 44 BP 17729 EP 17738 DI 10.1039/c6dt03842e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA EC4MH UT WOS:000388104900022 PM 27766320 ER PT J AU Shaffer, DW Bhowmick, I Rheingold, AL Tsay, C Livesay, BN Shores, MP Yang, JY AF Shaffer, David W. Bhowmick, Indrani Rheingold, Arnold L. Tsay, Charlene Livesay, Brooke N. Shores, Matthew P. Yang, Jenny Y. TI Spin-state diversity in a series of Co(II) PNP pincer bromide complexes SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID H BOND AMINATION; BIS(IMINO)PYRIDINE IRON IMIDES; GROUP TRANSFER CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; 5-CO-ORDINATE COMPLEXES; COBALT(II) COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CROSSOVER; LIGANDS; NICKEL(II) AB We describe the structural and electronic impacts of modifying the bridging atom in a family of Co(II) pincer complexes with the formula Co(t-Bu)(2)(PPyP)-Py-E-P-E(t-Bu)(2)Br-2 (Py = pyridine, E = CH2, NH, and O for compounds 1-3, respectively). Structural characterization by single crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that compounds 1 and 3 are 5-coordinate complexes with both bromides bound to the Co(II) ion, while compound 2 is square planar with one bromide in the outer coordination sphere. The reduction potentials of 1-3, characterized by cyclic voltammetry, are consistent with the increasing electron-withdrawing character of the pincer ligand as the linker (E) between the pyridine and phosphine arms becomes more electronegative. Magnetic property studies of compounds 1 and 2 confirm high-and low-spin behavior, respectively, through a broad temperature range. However, complex 3 features an unusual combination of high spin S = 3/2 Co(II) and temperature dependent spin-crossover between S = 3/2 and S = 1/2 states. The different magnetic behaviors observed among the three CoBr2 pincer complexes reflects the importance of small ligand perturbations on overall coordination geometry and resulting spin state properties. C1 [Bhowmick, Indrani; Livesay, Brooke N.; Shores, Matthew P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 90523 USA. [Rheingold, Arnold L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Shaffer, David W.; Tsay, Charlene; Livesay, Brooke N.; Yang, Jenny Y.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Shaffer, David W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shores, MP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 90523 USA.; Yang, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM j.yang@uci.edu OI Shaffer, David/0000-0002-8807-1617 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1554744, CHE-1363274] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants CHE-1554744 (JYY, DWS, CT, & BNL) and CHE-1363274 (MPS & IB). NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 44 BP 17910 EP 17917 DI 10.1039/c6dt03461f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA EC4MH UT WOS:000388104900040 PM 27775741 ER PT J AU Ackerman, M Kim, E Weck, PF Chernesky, W Czerwinski, KR AF Ackerman, Matthew Kim, Eunja Weck, Philippe F. Chernesky, Wendy Czerwinski, Kenneth R. TI Technetium incorporation in scheelite: insights from first-principles SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID TUNGSTATE NANORODS; HIGH-PRESSURE; CAWO4; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; CRYSTALS; DESIGN; ENERGY; CAMOO4 AB Atomistic investigations of crystalline scheelite, CaWO4, and Tc-99-bearing scheelite, CaWO4:Tc, have been carried out using density functional theory. The lattice constants, bulk modulus, and volume compression data of CaWO4 have been calculated and compared with experimental data, with a focus on predictive understanding of Tc-99 incorporation in CaWO4. Defect formation energies have been computed for several possible interstitial (I) and substitutional (S) sites of Tc-99 in CaWO4. Both I(Oh) and S(W) sites were found to be energetically favourable for Tc doping. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra for each Tc-99 defect type have been simulated to help interpret the complex experimental XRD patterns. This work on CaWO4: Tc provides insights into materials generated during nuclear weapons testing and useful spectral signatures for nuclear forensics. C1 [Ackerman, Matthew] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kim, Eunja] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Weck, Philippe F.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chernesky, Wendy] Remote Sensing Lab Nellis Air Force Base, Las Vegas, NV 89191 USA. [Czerwinski, Kenneth R.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Kim, E (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM kimej@physics.unlv.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX10AN23H]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX E. K. acknowledges funding supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Agreement No. NNX10AN23H issued through the NASA Space Grant. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We thank J. Nietling for his technical assistance. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 45 BP 18171 EP 18176 DI 10.1039/c6dt03626k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA EC8CT UT WOS:000388368600020 PM 27792232 ER PT J AU Xu, SJ Zhou, ZC Fan, HJ Ren, LB Liu, F Zhu, XZ Russell, TP AF Xu, Shengjie Zhou, Zichun Fan, Haijun Ren, Longbin Liu, Feng Zhu, Xiaozhang Russell, Thomas P. TI An electron-rich 2-alkylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene building block with excellent electronic and morphological tunability for high-performance small-molecule solar cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; BENZODITHIOPHENE UNIT; LOW-BANDGAP; POLYMER; ORIENTATION; 10-PERCENT; CHAINS; GAP AB Bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells have been attracting much attention because of the potential for producing low-cost, large-area, and flexible PV panels. Generally, the ideal donor materials should have an appropriate electronic structure to absorb more sunlight and drive charge separation and to form an optimized morphology that can efficiently split excitons and collect charges. 2-Alkylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene (T34bT) as an electron-rich moiety possesses three features that are highly desirable for donor materials: (i) to modulate electronic structure; (ii) to manipulate the blend morphology of the active layer; (iii) to function as the p-bridge to link donor and acceptor moieties. We report herein a new category of small molecules STB-n based on the electron-rich T34bT moiety. STB-n featuring T34bT and rhodanine components showed intense absorption, reduced bandgap, and proper alignment of frontier orbital energy levels. Because of the optimized charge-transport properties and weak charge recombination, STB-3-based solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 9.26%, which is among the best reported for small-molecule-based solar cells. The relationships among molecular structure, thin-film morphology, and device performance were further investigated systematically. C1 [Xu, Shengjie; Zhou, Zichun; Fan, Haijun; Ren, Longbin; Zhu, Xiaozhang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, CAS Key Lab Organ Solids, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Liu, Feng] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Xu, Shengjie; Zhou, Zichun; Ren, Longbin; Zhu, Xiaozhang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Liu, Feng; Russell, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Russell, Thomas P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhu, XZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, CAS Key Lab Organ Solids, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.; Liu, F (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.; Zhu, XZ (reprint author), Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.; Liu, F (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM iamfengliu@gmail.com; xzzhu@iccas.ac.cn RI Liu, Feng/J-4361-2014; OI Liu, Feng/0000-0002-5572-8512; zhu, xiao zhang/0000-0002-6812-0856 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2014CB643502]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB12010200]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91333113, 21572234]; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-15-1-2244]; DOE, Office of Science; DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We thank the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2014CB643502) for financial support, the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB12010200), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91333113, 21572234). F. L. and T. P. R. were supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-15-1-2244. Portions of this research were carried out at beamline 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, Molecular Foundry, and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 13 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 44 BP 17354 EP 17362 DI 10.1039/c6ta08790f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EC5XX UT WOS:000388211700012 ER PT J AU Gautam, GS Sun, XQ Duffort, V Nazar, LF Ceder, G AF Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai Sun, Xiaoqi Duffort, Victor Nazar, Linda F. Ceder, Gerbrand TI Impact of intermediate sites on bulk diffusion barriers: Mg intercalation in Mg2Mo3O8 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MAGNESIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTE; V2O5; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; MOLYBDENUM; CATHODES; SYSTEMS; OXIDES; IONS AB The ongoing search for high voltage positive electrode materials for Mg batteries has been primarily hampered by poor Mgmobility in bulk oxide frameworks. Motivated by the presence of Mo-3 clusters that can facilitate charge redistribution and the presence of Mg in a nonpreferred (tetrahedral) coordination environment, we have investigated the Mg (de) intercalation behavior in layered-Mg2Mo3O8, a potential positive electrode. While no electrochemical activity is observed, chemical demagnesiation of Mg2Mo3O8 is successful but leads to amorphization. Subsequent first-principles calculations predict a strong thermodynamic driving force for structure decomposition at low Mg concentrations and high activation barriers for bulk Mg diffusion, in agreement with experimental observations. Further analysis of the Mg diffusion pathway reveals an O-Mg-O dumbbell intermediate site that creates a high Mg2+ migration barrier, indicating the influence of transition states on setting the magnitude of migration barriers. C1 [Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai; Ceder, Gerbrand] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gautam, Gopalakrishnan Sai; Ceder, Gerbrand] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sun, Xiaoqi; Duffort, Victor; Nazar, Linda F.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo Inst Nanotechnol, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Ceder, G (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Ceder, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lfnazar@uwaterloo.ca; gceder@berkeley.edu OI Sai Gautam, Gopalakrishnan/0000-0002-1303-0976 FU Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was fully supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science and Basic Energy Sciences. The authors would like to thank the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) for providing computing resources. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is acknowledged by LFN for a Canada Research Chair. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 45 BP 17643 EP 17648 DI 10.1039/c6ta07804d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA ED0AG UT WOS:000388504800005 ER PT J AU Maharubin, S Zhang, X Zhu, FL Zhang, HC Zhang, GX Zhang, Y AF Maharubin, Shahrima Zhang, Xin Zhu, Fuliang Zhang, Hong-Chao Zhang, Gengxin Zhang, Yue TI Synthesis and Applications of Semiconducting Graphene SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Review ID NITROGEN-DOPED GRAPHENE; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OXYGEN-REDUCTION REACTION; SOLUTION-PROCESSABLE GRAPHENE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; ANODE MATERIALS; GRAPHITE OXIDE; LAYERED GRAPHENE AB Semimetal-to-semiconductor transition in graphene can bestow graphene with numerous novel and enhanced structural, electrical, optical, and physicochemical characteristics. The scope of graphene and its prospective for an array of implications could be significantly outspread by this transition. In consideration of the recent advancements of semiconducting graphene, this article widely reviews the properties, production, and developing operations of this emergent material. The comparisons among the benefits and difficulties of current methods are made, intending to offer evidences to develop novel and scalable synthesis approaches. The emphasis is on the properties and applications resulting from various conversion methods (doping, controlled reduction, and functionalization), expecting to get improved knowledge on semiconducting graphene materials. Intending to motivate further efficient implications, the mechanisms leading to their beneficial usages for energy conversion and storage are also emphasized. C1 [Maharubin, Shahrima; Zhang, Hong-Chao] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Ind Engn, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Zhang, Xin] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhu, Fuliang] Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Lanzhou 730050, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Gengxin] Intel Corp, Corporat Qual Network, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. [Zhang, Yue] Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP Zhang, GX (reprint author), Intel Corp, Corporat Qual Network, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA.; Zhang, Y (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Kingsville, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM gengxin.zhang@intel.com; yue.zhang@tamuk.edu OI zhang, yue/0000-0002-1259-020X NR 157 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 21 U2 21 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-4110 EI 1687-4129 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2016 AR 6375962 DI 10.1155/2016/6375962 PG 19 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EC8PL UT WOS:000388404400001 ER PT S AU Espy, M Savukov, I Volegov, P AF Espy, Michelle Savukov, Igor Volegov, Petr BE Johns, ML Fridjonsson, EO Vogt, SJ Haber, A TI Detection Using SQUIDs and Atomic Magnetometers SO MOBILE NMR AND MRI: DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS SE New Developments in NMR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-FIELD MRI; MICROTESLA MAGNETIC-FIELDS; 132 MU-T; HUMAN BRAIN; CONCOMITANT GRADIENTS; IMAGING METHODS; NMR; CONTRAST; INSTRUMENTATION; RELAXATION C1 [Espy, Michelle; Savukov, Igor; Volegov, Petr] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Appl Modern Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Espy, Michelle] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nondestruct Testing & Evaluat Grp, Appl Engn Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Espy, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Appl Modern Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM espy@lanl.gov NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-253X BN 978-1-78262-809-5; 978-1-84973-915-3 J9 NEW DEV NMR PY 2016 VL 5 BP 183 EP 224 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BG0WI UT WOS:000386536700008 ER PT J AU Fang, WZ Gou, JJ Zhang, H Kang, QJ Tao, WQ AF Fang, Wen-Zhen Gou, Jian-Jun Zhang, Hu Kang, Qinjun Tao, Wen-Quan TI Numerical predictions of the effective thermal conductivity for needled C/C-SiC composite materials SO NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE HEAT-TRANSFER; CARBON/SILICON CARBIDE COMPOSITE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR INFILTRATION; LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD; DIFFUSION EQUATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; SIMULATION; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR AB In the present paper, the complicated structures of needled C/C-SiC composite materials with random distributions of fibers and pores are reconstructed. A multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann model with off-diagonal elements in the relaxation time matrix is adopted to predict longitudinal and transverse thermal conductivities of needled C/C-SiC composite materials whose constituents are anisotropic. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by the good agreements between the numerical results and experimental data obtained by the Hot Disk thermal constants analyzer. After validations, the factors that influence the effective thermal conductivities of the composite materials are investigated. C1 [Fang, Wen-Zhen; Gou, Jian-Jun; Zhang, Hu; Tao, Wen-Quan] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, MOE, Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Kang, Qinjun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Tao, WQ (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, MOE, Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. EM wqtao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn FU Key Project of International Joint Research of National Natural Science Foundation of China [51320105004]; 111 Project [B16038] FX This work was supported by the Key Project of International Joint Research of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51320105004) and the 111 Project (B16038). NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-7782 EI 1521-0634 J9 NUMER HEAT TR A-APPL JI Numer. Heat Tranf. A-Appl. PY 2016 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1101 EP 1117 DI 10.1080/10407782.2016.1230427 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA EC8WU UT WOS:000388424600004 ER PT S AU Pueyo, EL Cifelli, F Sussman, AJ Oliva-Urcia, B AF Pueyo, E. L. Cifelli, F. Sussman, A. J. Oliva-Urcia, B. BE Pueyo, EL Cifelli, F Sussman, AJ OlivaUrcia, B TI Introduction: Palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts: new perspectives SO PALAEOMAGNETISM IN FOLD AND THRUST BELTS: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID VERTICAL-AXIS ROTATIONS; TECTONIC ROTATION; EXAMPLES; VECTORS C1 [Pueyo, E. L.] Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Unidad Zaragoza, C Manuel Lasala 44,9, Zaragoza 50006, Spain. [Cifelli, F.] Univ Roma TRE, Dipartimento Sci, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Sussman, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, MS D452, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Oliva-Urcia, B.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geol & Geoquim, Campus Cantoblanco C Francisco Tomas & Valiente 7, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Pueyo, EL (reprint author), Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Unidad Zaragoza, C Manuel Lasala 44,9, Zaragoza 50006, Spain. EM unaim@igme.es NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-737-8 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2016 VL 425 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1144/SP425.13 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BG3YA UT WOS:000388377400002 ER PT S AU Pueyo, EL Sussman, AJ Oliva-Urcia, B Cifelli, F AF Pueyo, E. L. Sussman, A. J. Oliva-Urcia, B. Cifelli, F. BE Pueyo, EL Cifelli, F Sussman, AJ OlivaUrcia, B TI Palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts: use with caution SO PALAEOMAGNETISM IN FOLD AND THRUST BELTS: NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VERTICAL-AXIS ROTATIONS; ANTICLINE SOUTHERN PYRENEES; CONVERGING REMAGNETIZATION CIRCLES; NEOGENE TECTONIC EVOLUTION; MAUCH CHUNK FORMATION; ARC NORTHERN SPAIN; BLOCK ROTATIONS; CRETACEOUS REMAGNETIZATION; CENTRAL APPALACHIANS; REGIONAL ROTATIONS AB The application of palaeomagnetism in fold and thrust belts is a unique way to obtain kinematic information regarding the evolution of these systems. However, since many potential problems can affect the reliability of palaeomagnetic datasets and their interpretations, such data should be used with caution. In this paper, we thoroughly review the sources of error from palaeomagnetism with a particular focus on deciphering vertical-axis rotations and the assumptions behind the method. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the age of the magnetization and syn-folding results from the fold test must also be carefully examined: factors such as internal deformation, deficient isolation of components (i.e. overlapping) or incorrect restoration procedures may produce apparent syn-folding results. In fact, the restoration procedure used to return the palaeomagnetic signal to the palaeogeographic coordinate system may itself inhibit accurate estimations of vertical-axis rotations when complex deformation histories induce different, non-coaxial, deformation axes. We recommend the auxiliary use of the inclination v. dip diagram as an efficient tool for identifying many errors. Finally, to determine accurate vertical axis rotations, the reference direction should honour standard reliability criteria and would ideally be measured within the undeformed foreland of the thrust system. In this paper, we review five decades of palaeomagnetic research in fold and thrust belts by concentrating on maximizing standard reliability criteria procedures to reduce uncertainty and increase confidence when applying palaeomagnetic data to unravel the tectonic evolution of fold and thrust belts. C1 [Pueyo, E. L.] Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Unidad Zaragoza, C Manuel Lasala 44 9, Zaragoza 50006, Spain. [Sussman, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci, MS D452, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Oliva-Urcia, B.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Geol & Geoquim, Madrid, Spain. [Cifelli, F.] Univ Roma TRE, Dipartimento Sci, Largo San Leonardo Murialdo 1, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP Pueyo, EL (reprint author), Inst Geol & Minero Espana, Unidad Zaragoza, C Manuel Lasala 44 9, Zaragoza 50006, Spain. EM unaim@igme.es NR 198 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-737-8 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2016 VL 425 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1144/SP425.14 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BG3YA UT WOS:000388377400015 ER PT J AU O'Hara, MJ Carter, JC Warner, CL Warner, MG Addleman, RS AF O'Hara, Matthew J. Carter, Jennifer C. Warner, Cynthia L. Warner, Marvin G. Addleman, R. Shane TI Magnetic iron oxide and manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticles for the collection of alpha-emitting radionuclides from aqueous solutions SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID METAL-OXIDES; ZERO CHARGE; SORPTION; ADSORPTION; DIOXIDE; WATERS; PRECONCENTRATION; RADIUM; EXTRACTION; REMOVAL AB Magnetic nanoparticles are well known to possess chemically active surfaces and large surface areas that can be employed to extract a range of ions from aqueous solutions. Additionally, their superparamagnetic properties provide a convenient means for bulk collection of the material from solution after the targeted ions have been adsorbed. Herein, two nanoscale amphoteric metal oxides, each possessing useful magnetic attributes, were evaluated for their ability to collect trace levels of a chemically diverse range of alpha emitting radioactive isotopes (polonium (Po), radium (Ra), uranium (U), and americium (Am)) from a wide range of aqueous solutions. The nanomaterials include commercially available magnetite (Fe3O4) and magnetite modified to incorporate manganese (Mn) into the crystal structure. The chemical stability of these nanomaterials was evaluated in Hanford Site, WA ground water between the natural pH (similar to 8) and pH 1. Whereas the magnetite was observed to have good stability over the pH range, the Mn-doped material was observed to leach Mn at low pH. The materials were evaluated in parallel to characterize their uptake performance of the alpha-emitting radionuclide spikes from ground water across a range of pH (from similar to 8 down to 2). In addition, radiotracer uptake experiments were performed on Columbia River water, seawater, and human urine at their natural pH and at pH 2. Despite the observed leaching of Mn from the Mn-doped nanomaterial in the lower pH range, it exhibited generally superior analyte extraction performance compared to the magnetite, and analyte uptake was observed across a broader pH range. We show that the uptake behavior of the various radiotracers on these two materials at different pH levels can generally be explained by the amphoteric nature of the nanoparticle surfaces. Finally, the rate of sorption of the radiotracers on the two materials in unacidified ground water was evaluated. The uptake curves generally indicate that equilibrium is obtained within a few minutes, which is attributed to the high surface areas of the nanomaterials and the high level of dispersion in the liquids. Overall, the results indicate that these nanomaterials may have the potential to be employed for a range of applications to extract radionuclides from aqueous solutions. C1 [O'Hara, Matthew J.; Carter, Jennifer C.; Warner, Cynthia L.; Warner, Marvin G.; Addleman, R. Shane] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP O'Hara, MJ; Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM matthew.ohara@pnnl.gov; raymond.addleman@pnnl.gov OI O'Hara, Matthew/0000-0003-3982-5897 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01-AI080502]; PNNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC06-67RLO1830] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01-AI080502), and by the PNNL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC06-67RLO1830. NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 107 BP 105239 EP 105251 DI 10.1039/c6ra22262e PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EC4PW UT WOS:000388116500038 ER PT B AU Strach-Sonsalla, M Stammler, M Wenske, J Jonkman, J Vorpahl, F AF Strach-Sonsalla, Mareike Stammler, Matthias Wenske, Jan Jonkman, Jason Vorpahl, Fabian BE Dhanak, MR Xiros, NI TI Offshore Wind Energy SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE-LAYER TURBULENCE AB In 1991, the Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm, the first offshore wind farm in the world, started feeding electricity to the grid off the coast of Lolland, Denmark. Since then, offshore wind energy has developed from this early experiment to a multibillion dollar market and an important pillar of worldwide renewable energy production. Unit sizes grew from 450 kW at Vindeby to the 7.5 MW-class offshore wind turbines (OWT) that are currently (by October 2014) in the prototyping phase. This chapter gives an overview of the state of the art in offshore wind turbine (OWT) technology and introduces the principles of modeling and simulating an OWT. The OWT components including the rotor, nacelle, support structure, control system, and power electronics - are introduced, and current technological challenges are presented. The OWT system dynamics and the environment (wind and ocean waves) are described from the perspective of OWT modelers and designers. Finally, an outlook on future technology is provided. The descriptions in this chapter are focused on a single OWT - more precisely, a horizontal-axis wind turbine - as a dynamic system. Offshore wind farms and wind farm effects are not described in detail in this chapter, but an introduction and further references are given. C1 [Strach-Sonsalla, Mareike; Wenske, Jan] Fraunhofer Inst Wind Energy & Energy Syst Technol, Seedeich 45, D-27572 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Stammler, Matthias] Fraunhofer Inst Wind Energy & Energy Syst Technol, Appelstr 9A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Jonkman, Jason] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Vorpahl, Fabian] Senvion GmbH, Offshore Engn Tower & Substruct, Franz Lenz Str 1, D-49084 Osnabruck, Germany. RP Strach-Sonsalla, M (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst Wind Energy & Energy Syst Technol, Seedeich 45, D-27572 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM mareike.strach-sonsalla@outlook.com; matthias.stammler@iwes.fraunhofer.de; jan.wenske@iwes.fraunhofer.de; jason.jonkman@nrel.gov; fabian.vorpahl@senvion.com NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-16649-0; 978-3-319-16648-3 PY 2016 BP 1267 EP 1285 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-16649-0 PG 19 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BF9UK UT WOS:000385959700055 ER PT J AU Amekudzi-Kennedy, A Akofio-Sowah, MA Boadi, RS Brodie, SR Amoaning-Yankson, S Smith-Colin, J Fischer, JM Wall, TA AF Amekudzi-Kennedy, Adjo Akofio-Sowah, Margaret-Avis Boadi, Richard S. Brodie, Stefanie R. Amoaning-Yankson, Stephanie Smith-Colin, Janille Fischer, Jamie Montague Wall, Thomas A. TI Transportation System Health: Meeting Deficiency Needs and Growth Aspirations Systemically SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID INFRASTRUCTURE; MANAGEMENT AB Different concepts of health have been applied to transportation and other built infrastructure systems in the literature and in practice. The 2012 national surface transportation legislation, Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century, established a performance-based planning framework requiring the development of performance measures and targets with progress reporting by state, metropolitan, and local agencies toward achieving seven national goals. Although performance-based planning offers a formal platform on which to plan systematically to achieve goals, one of the key challenges is how best to manage transportation system performance in nonuniform metropolitan regions and local jurisdictions to achieve uniform statewide and national goals. Motivated by this issue, this study developed the concept of transportation system health (TSH) with a focus on fulfilling both basic needs and beyond-basic needs of the communities that transportation systems serve, with Maslow's theory of human motivation as a foundation. Potential applications of the TSH framework are discussed, with examples highlighting their significance for multiscale and context-sensitive planning and decision making. This paper is potentially useful to practitioners looking for systematic approaches to support identifying strategic goals, determining priorities, selecting performance measures, and setting targets in nonuniform regions to achieve uniform statewide goals. C1 [Amekudzi-Kennedy, Adjo; Brodie, Stefanie R.; Amoaning-Yankson, Stephanie; Smith-Colin, Janille] Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Engn, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 790 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Akofio-Sowah, Margaret-Avis] Parsons Brinckerhoff, 1401 K St,NW,Suite 701, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Boadi, Richard S.] Amec Foster Wheeler, 14424 Albemarle Point Pl,Suite 115, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Fischer, Jamie Montague] Georgia Reg Transportat Author, 245 Peachtree Ctr Ave,NE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Wall, Thomas A.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 South Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Amekudzi-Kennedy, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Coll Engn, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 790 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM adjo.amekudzi@ce.gatech.edu FU Georgia Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration through the National Center for Transportation System Productivity and Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology FX This work was funded by the Georgia Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration through the National Center for Transportation System Productivity and Management at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The authors thank Frank Southworth, Michael Rodgers, and Catherine Ross for critical reviews of the conceptual and analytical approaches used in the study, with respect to the freight, environmental, and local and regional planning elements, respectively, and the overall framework and applications. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2016 IS 2568 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.3141/2568-06 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA ED0RL UT WOS:000388549500006 ER PT S AU Ager, JW AF Ager, Joel W. BE Sugiyama, M Fujii, K Nakamura, S TI Photoelectrochemical Approach for Water Splitting SO SOLAR TO CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: THEORY AND APPLICATION SE Lecture Notes in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE; EARTH-ABUNDANT CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; SOLAR-ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; ELECTROCHEMICAL-CELL; RECENT PROGRESS; TRIPLE STACK; TANDEM CELL AB The splitting of liquid water into hydrogen and water via photoelectrochemical (PEC) approaches is described. If sunlight is used as the illumination source, the overall process provides a means to convert solar power into chemical energy. PEC water splitting is the direct coupling of the following processes: (1) absorption of solar light in a material and the creation of electrons and holes, (2) transport of electrons and holes to the absorber/water interface, and (3) evolution of hydrogen from the electrons and oxygen from the holes, often with the assistance of catalysts. The distinctions between this process and the related approach of coupling photovoltaic (PV) elements to hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) catalysts will be discussed. The history of research on PEC water splitting dating back to its discovery in the early 1970s is summarized. The basic design principles of PEC water splitting device, with an emphasis on the type and number of PV absorbing elements are discussed and state of the art demonstrations are summarized. C1 [Ager, Joel W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ager, Joel W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ager, Joel W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ager, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Ager, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Ager, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JWAger@lbl.gov NR 65 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2195-1284 BN 978-3-319-25400-5; 978-3-319-25398-5 J9 LECT N ENERG PY 2016 VL 32 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-25400-5_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-25400-5 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1SS UT WOS:000387085100016 ER PT S AU Yano, J AF Yano, Junko BE Sugiyama, M Fujii, K Nakamura, S TI Mn4Ca Cluster in Photosynthetic Water Oxidation SO SOLAR TO CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION: THEORY AND APPLICATION SE Lecture Notes in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II MEMBRANES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MANGANESE COMPLEX; MN CLUSTER; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CALCIUM; STATE AB In natural photosynthesis, the water oxidation reaction takes place in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II (PSII), that cycles through a series of five intermediate S-states. Mechanistic studies of this catalytic reaction have been carried out with various spectroscopic methods, structural analysis, and theoretical studies. Among them, the structural information of the metal cluster has been obtained largely from the X-ray techniques that include X-ray crystallography and X-ray spectroscopy. This chapter describes the recent studies of the OEC in PSII with X-ray spectroscopy and crystallography. C1 [Yano, Junko] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Biophys & Integrated Bioimaging Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yano, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Biophys & Integrated Bioimaging Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jyano@lbl.gov NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2195-1284 BN 978-3-319-25400-5; 978-3-319-25398-5 J9 LECT N ENERG PY 2016 VL 32 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-25400-5_23 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-25400-5 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1SS UT WOS:000387085100024 ER PT S AU Chen, JS Chen, J Feng, ZL Zhang, YM AF Chen, Jinsong Chen, Jian Feng, Zhili Zhang, YuMing GP IEEE TI Dynamic evolution of the weld pool reflection during weld penetration development SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS (AIM) SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) CY JUL 12-15, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE ID SURFACE; OSCILLATION AB Weld pool surface is believed to contain sufficient information to determine the weld penetration from which skilled welders are able to control the welding process to desired penetration states. However, it is unclear how human welders extract the weld penetration from the observed weld pool surface. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to determine the weld penetration based on the dynamic change of the weld pool surface. This study observes/measures/analyzes the development of a weld pool from partial to full penetration and correlates such change to the weld penetration. Ideally, similar trends in the weld pool surface should be observed when the weld penetration changes from partial to full penetration despite the amperage used and material welded. Correlating the weld pool surface reflecting grayness and the development of the weld penetration from experiments shows: (1) the weld pool reflection intensity will increase while the weld penetration is increasing; (2) the increasing trends of weld pool reflection intensity will decrease when the full penetration is achieved; (3) the weld pool reflection intensity will increase after the full penetration is achieved. Such trend in the weld pool surface reflection intensity when the weld penetration develops can facilitate future work on automatically detecting and control the weld penetration using the weld pool surface as the feedback. C1 [Chen, Jinsong; Zhang, YuMing] Univ Kentucky, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Chen, Jinsong; Zhang, YuMing] Univ Kentucky, Inst Sustainable Mfg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Chen, Jian; Feng, Zhili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Zhang, YM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.; Zhang, YM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Inst Sustainable Mfg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM ymzhang@uky.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 978-1-5090-2065-2 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2016 BP 548 EP 553 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BG1UB UT WOS:000387100300091 ER PT S AU Chen, ZY Chen, J Feng, ZL Zhang, YM AF Chen, Zongyao Chen, Jian Feng, Zhili Zhang, Yuming GP IEEE TI In situ Strain Monitoring in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Processes SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INTELLIGENT MECHATRONICS (AIM) SE IEEE ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) CY JUL 12-15, 2016 CL Banff, CANADA SP IEEE ID DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION; ERROR REDUCTION AB Strain/stress evolution during welding is essential to understand material's mechanical behavior and the formation of weld defects such as distortion, cracks and residual stresses. In-situ measurement of strain has been very challenging due to the impact from high temperature and intense arc light. In this work, a newly-developed integrated optical system was utilized to monitor material's thermal and strain field adjacent to the fusion line during GTAW process. It was found that the variation of the measurement data could be positively correlated to the change of welding parameters and the characteristics of the final weldment. The purpose of this work is to develop a real-time welding quality monitoring system to proactively prevent the formation of certain weld defects. C1 [Chen, Zongyao] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chen, Jian; Feng, Zhili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Yuming] Univ Kentucky, Inst Sustainable Mfg, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Zhang, Yuming] Univ Kentucky, Dept Elect Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM zchen25@utk.edu; chenj2@ornl.gov; fengz@ornl.gov; yuming.zhang@uky.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-6255 BN 978-1-5090-2065-2 J9 IEEE ASME INT C ADV PY 2016 BP 800 EP 804 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BG1UB UT WOS:000387100300130 ER PT S AU Xu, TR Miorelli, M Bacca, S Hagen, G AF Xu, Tianrui Miorelli, Mirko Bacca, Sonia Hagen, Gaute BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI A theoretical approach to electromagnetic reactions in light nuclei SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID LORENTZ INTEGRAL TRANSFORM; CROSS-SECTIONS AB We briefly review the theory for electromagnetic reactions in light nuclei based on the coupled-cluster formulation of the Lorentz integral transform method. Results on photodisintegration reactions of O-22 and Ca-40 are reported and preliminary calculations on the Coulomb sum rule for He-4 are discussed. C1 [Xu, Tianrui; Miorelli, Mirko; Bacca, Sonia] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Xu, Tianrui; Miorelli, Mirko] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bacca, Sonia] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Hagen, Gaute] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hagen, Gaute] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bacca, S (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.; Bacca, S (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM bacca@triumf.ca NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 04016 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611304016 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200060 ER PT S AU Huang, L Idir, M AF Huang, Lei Idir, Mourad BE Qian, S Idir, M Cocco, D Xiao, T Yamauchi, K TI New Scheme to Control X-ray Deformable Mirrors SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING TECHNOLOGIES: SUBNANOMETER ACCURACY MEASUREMENT FOR SYNCHROTRON OPTICS AND X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT) - Subnanometer Accuracy Measurement for Synchrotron Optics and X-Ray Optics CY APR 26-29, 2016 CL Suzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Opt & Elect, SPIE DE x-ray deformable mirror; mirror inspection; metrology; windowed Fourier transform; derivative estimation ID OPTICAL HEAD AB Over the past decade, the concept of x-ray Deformable Mirror (DM) has matured from early experimental stages to a standard tool now available at many synchrotron/free-electron laser facilities. Indeed, x-ray active optics has become an integral part of all present and future large x-ray and EUV projects and will be essential in exploiting the full potential of the new sources currently under construction. These DMs mainly are employed to correct wavefront errors or provide variable x-ray beam sizes. Due to the coupling between the N actuators of a DM, it is usually necessary to perform a calibration or training step to be able to control the DM to the right target. To determine the optimum actuators settings in order to minimize slope/height errors, an initial measurement need to be collected, with all actuators set to 0 and then either N or 2N measurements are necessary. In this work, we present a fast and accurate method to drive an x-ray active bimorph mirror to a target shape with only 3 or 4 measurements. Instead of sequentially measuring and calculating the influence functions of all actuators and then predicting the needed voltages for any desired shape, we make use of the metrology data to directly guide the mirror from current status towards the particular target slope/shape via iterative compensations. The feedback for the iteration process is the discrepancy in curvature determined by height/slope measurement data. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this simple approach. C1 [Huang, Lei; Idir, Mourad] Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, 50 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS 2, 50 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-922-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9687 AR UNSP 968704 DI 10.1117/12.2241522 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2WJ UT WOS:000387730600003 ER PT S AU Qian, SN Idir, M AF Qian, Shinan Idir, Mourad BE Qian, S Idir, M Cocco, D Xiao, T Yamauchi, K TI Innovative Nano-accuracy Surface Profiler for Sub-50 nrad rms Mirror Test SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING TECHNOLOGIES: SUBNANOMETER ACCURACY MEASUREMENT FOR SYNCHROTRON OPTICS AND X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT) - Subnanometer Accuracy Measurement for Synchrotron Optics and X-Ray Optics CY APR 26-29, 2016 CL Suzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Opt & Elect, SPIE DE nano-accuracy; surface Profiler; sub-50 nrad rms accuracy; measurement AB In order to promote the measurement accuracy to sub-50 nrad rms for both spherical and plane mirror tests and to resolve the difficulty in testing strongly curved mirror by use of the NOM, the Nano-accuracy Surface Profiler (NSP) was developed. The NSP system applies scanning sampling beam in fixed scanning distance combined with non-tilted reference beam for removing pitch error of scanning slide to ensure sub-50 nrad rms accuracy measurement. The NSP takes the advantage of the NOM in using precise autocollimator (Elcomat 3000) for both sampling and reference beams. In preliminary test, this NSP scheme verifies it has at least the same measurement accuracy as the NOM for plane mirror test. The NSP system scheme significantly reduces test error than the NOM for sphere test, and it also ensures the capability using single calibration curve to further correct systematic error in reaching sub-50 nrad rms accuracy for spherical mirror test. C1 [Qian, Shinan; Idir, Mourad] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Qian, Shinan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM qian@bnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-922-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9687 AR UNSP 96870D DI 10.1117/12.2247575 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2WJ UT WOS:000387730600011 ER PT S AU Qian, SN Gao, B AF Qian, Shinan Gao, Bo BE Qian, S Idir, M Cocco, D Xiao, T Yamauchi, K TI Nano-accuracy measurement technology of optical-surface profiles SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING TECHNOLOGIES: SUBNANOMETER ACCURACY MEASUREMENT FOR SYNCHROTRON OPTICS AND X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT) - Subnanometer Accuracy Measurement for Synchrotron Optics and X-Ray Optics CY APR 26-29, 2016 CL Suzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Opt & Elect, SPIE DE surface profiler; profilometer; nano-accuracy; preccise measurement ID PERFORMANCE; SYSTEM AB Recently, metrology in the fields of synchrotron-and X-ray optics entered the nano-accuracy and sub-50 nrad rms range. In addition to developing novel surface profilers, now dedicated specific measurement technologies play very important roles in reducing errors in measurements. All facts, producing an error of about 10 nrad rms, must be treated very carefully. A temperature stability of 0.01-0.02 degrees C(P-V) over 24 hours is one of most important parameters in ensuring nano-accuracy. The Elcomat 3000/8 autocollimator has large saw-tooth error of 269 nrad rms, which must be suppressed. A fixed reading location setting method shuns the saw-tooth impact, so that it is possible to reach sub-50 nrad rms accuracy in measuring a precise plane mirror. A dense measurement method, combined with finding a peakvalley center to remove saw-tooth effectively promotes accuracy for sphere test. In this paper, we detail a graphic method of combining multiple FW/BW scans in selecting stable files that can reduce the error by 10-15 nrad rms. The alignment of precise parallelism between the autocollimator's axis and the direction of the slide's movement are introduced, and some nano-accuracy tests are introduced. C1 [Qian, Shinan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gao, Bo] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-922-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9687 AR UNSP 96870E DI 10.1117/12.2247578 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2WJ UT WOS:000387730600012 ER PT S AU Shi, XB Assoufid, L Reininger, R AF Shi, Xianbo Assoufid, Lahsen Reininger, Ruben BE Qian, S Idir, M Cocco, D Xiao, T Yamauchi, K TI How to specify super-smooth mirrors: simulation studies on nano-focusing and wavefront preserving X-ray mirrors for next-generation light sources SO 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ADVANCED OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING TECHNOLOGIES: SUBNANOMETER ACCURACY MEASUREMENT FOR SYNCHROTRON OPTICS AND X-RAY OPTICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT) - Subnanometer Accuracy Measurement for Synchrotron Optics and X-Ray Optics CY APR 26-29, 2016 CL Suzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Opt Soc, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Opt & Elect, SPIE DE X-ray mirrors; specification; X-ray optics simulation; power spectral density; figure errors; metrology ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; PROPAGATION; OPTICS; OPERATION AB The advent of high-brilliance synchrotron radiation sources with low emittance and high degree of coherence has urged the development of super-smooth X-ray mirrors, which have sub-nanometer height errors and sub-50-nrad slope errors. To ensure the optical performance and avoid procuring significantly more expensive mirrors than necessary, knowledge of the mirror surface power spectral density (PSD) function is required over a wide spatial frequency range. In addition, a better understanding of the diffraction effects of different spatial frequencies is required to guide the specification of the mirror in the beamline design phase. In this work, two typical x-ray beam focusing conditions for the proposed APS upgrade are studied: the diffraction limited focusing and the demagnification dominated focusing. The effects of surface errors are studied using both the method described by Church and Takacs(1) and numerical simulations with HYBRID2. Using this information, we show how the mirror specification depends on the mirror PSD. C1 [Shi, Xianbo; Assoufid, Lahsen; Reininger, Ruben] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shi, XB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xshi@aps.anl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-922-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9687 AR UNSP 968703 DI 10.1117/12.2241139 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2WJ UT WOS:000387730600002 ER PT S AU Barty, CPJ AF Barty, C. P. J. BE Storm, E TI The Nexawatt: A Strategy for Exawatt Peak Power Lasers Based on NIF and NIF-like Beam Lines SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID IGNITION AB An exawatt-scale, short-pulse amplification architecture based upon a novel pulse compressor arrangement and amplification of long-duration chirped beam pulses is described. This architecture is capable of extracting the full, stored energy of a NIF or NIF-like beam line and in doing so produce from one beam line a near-diffraction-limited, laser pulse whose peak power would exceed 0.2 EW. The architecture is well suited to either low-f-number focusing or to multi-beam, dipole focusing concepts that in principle enable focused intensities in the range of 10(26) W/cm(2) or 5 orders of magnitude beyond that possible from present PW systems based on chirped pulse amplification. C1 [Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Barty, CPJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM barty1@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012086 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012086 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300086 ER PT S AU Caggiano, JA Barbosa, F Clancy, TJ Eckart, MJ Grim, G Hartouni, EP Hatarik, R Khater, H Lee, A Sampson, M Sayre, DB Yeamans, C Yeoman, M AF Caggiano, J. A. Barbosa, F. Clancy, T. J. Eckart, M. J. Grim, G. Hartouni, E. P. Hatarik, R. Khater, H. Lee, A. Sampson, M. Sayre, D. B. Yeamans, C. Yeoman, M. BE Storm, E TI Design of a north pole Neutron Time-of-Flight (NTOF) system at NIF SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB A north pole NTOF system for neutron spectroscopy is being implemented at the NIF. The design is centered around a fast scintillator with low mass housing fielded 21.6m from target chamber center at theta = 18 degrees, phi = 304 degrees. The line-of-sight (LOS) features a primary port collimator, two secondary collimators in the intervening concrete floors, and a beam dump with a backscatter shield. Because the detector is being fielded on the roof of the NIF building, diagnostic options such as optical and electrical attenuation are remotely controlled, saving setup time and increasing shot rate. The expected performance of the diagnostic is excellent with high sensitivity to both high-energy reaction-in-flight neutrons as well as lower energy down-scattered neutrons. C1 [Caggiano, J. A.; Barbosa, F.; Clancy, T. J.; Eckart, M. J.; Grim, G.; Hartouni, E. P.; Hatarik, R.; Khater, H.; Lee, A.; Sampson, M.; Sayre, D. B.; Yeamans, C.; Yeoman, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Caggiano, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM caggiano1@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012087 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012087 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300087 ER PT S AU Casner, A Liberatore, S Masse, L Martinez, D Haan, SW Kane, J Moore, AS Seugling, R Farrell, M Giraldez, E Nikroo, A Smalyuk, VA Remington, BA AF Casner, A. Liberatore, S. Masse, L. Martinez, D. Haan, S. W. Kane, J. Moore, A. S. Seugling, R. Farrell, M. Giraldez, E. Nikroo, A. Smalyuk, V. A. Remington, B. A. BE Storm, E TI Experimental evidence of a bubble-merger regime for the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability at the ablation front SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Under the Discovery Science program, the longer pulses and higher laser energies provided by the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have been harnessed to study, first time in indirect-drive, the highly nonlinear stage of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability (RTI) at the ablation front. A planar plastic package with pre-imposed two-dimensional broadband modulations is accelerated for up to 12 ns by the x-ray drive of a gas-filled gold radiation cavity with a radiative temperature plateau at 175 eV. This extended tailored drive allows a distance traveled in excess of 1 mm for a 130 pm thick foil, a factor 3x larger than previously achieved on other laser facilities. As a consequence, we have measured the ablative RTI in transition from the weakly nonlinear stage up to the deep nonlinear stage for various initial conditions. A bubble merger regime has been observed and the ablative stabilization strength varied by changing the plastic dopant from iodine to germanium. C1 [Casner, A.; Liberatore, S.; Masse, L.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Martinez, D.; Haan, S. W.; Kane, J.; Moore, A. S.; Seugling, R.; Farrell, M.; Giraldez, E.; Nikroo, A.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Remington, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Casner, A (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM alexis.casner@cea.fr NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012010 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300010 ER PT S AU Clark, DS Weber, CR Eder, DC Haan, SW Hammel, BA Hinkel, DE Jones, OS Kritcher, AL Marinak, MM Milovich, JL Patel, PK Robey, HF Salmonson, JD Sepke, SM AF Clark, D. S. Weber, C. R. Eder, D. C. Haan, S. W. Hammel, B. A. Hinkel, D. E. Jones, O. S. Kritcher, A. L. Marinak, M. M. Milovich, J. L. Patel, P. K. Robey, H. F. Salmonson, J. D. Sepke, S. M. BE Storm, E TI Progress in detailed modelling of low foot and high foot implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Several dozen high convergence inertial confinement fusion ignition experiments have now been completed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These include both "low foot" experiments from the National Ignition Campaign (NIC) and more recent "high foot" experiments. At the time of the NIC, there were large discrepancies between simulated implosion performance and experimental data. In particular, simulations over predicted neutron yields by up to an order of magnitude, and some experiments showed clear evidence of mixing of ablator material deep into the hot spot that could not be explained at the time. While the agreement between data and simulation improved for high foot implosion experiments, discrepancies nevertheless remain. This paper describes the state of detailed modelling of both low foot and high foot implosions using 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D radiation hydrodynamics simulations with HYDRA. The simulations include a range of effects, in particular, the impact of the plastic membrane used to support the capsule in the hohlraum, as well as low-mode radiation asymmetries tuned to match radiography measurements. The same simulation methodology is applied to low foot NIC implosion experiments and high foot implosions, and shows a qualitatively similar level of agreement for both types of implosions. While comparison with the experimental data remains imperfect, a reasonable level of agreement is emerging and shows a growing understanding of the high-convergence implosions being performed on NIF. C1 [Clark, D. S.; Weber, C. R.; Eder, D. C.; Haan, S. W.; Hammel, B. A.; Hinkel, D. E.; Jones, O. S.; Kritcher, A. L.; Marinak, M. M.; Milovich, J. L.; Patel, P. K.; Robey, H. F.; Salmonson, J. D.; Sepke, S. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM clark90@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012011 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300011 ER PT S AU Crane, JK Kruschwitz, B Yang, ST Bowers, M Browning, D Budge, T Canning, D Chou, J Consentino, A Di Nicola, JM Dixit, S Dorrer, C Erbert, G Hackel, R Heebner, J Hill, E Johnston, M Kelly, J Kwiatkowski, J Shaw, M Smith, L Wegner, P Zuegel, J AF Crane, J. K. Kruschwitz, B. Yang, S. T. Bowers, M. Browning, D. Budge, T. Canning, D. Chou, J. Consentino, A. Di Nicola, J. M. Dixit, S. Dorrer, C. Erbert, G. Hackel, R. Heebner, J. Hill, E. Johnston, M. Kelly, J. Kwiatkowski, J. Shaw, M. Smith, L. Wegner, P. Zuegel, J. BE Storm, E TI Performance measurements on NIF beamlines for future experiments to support polar direct drive SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY AB We are studying the implementation of polar direct drive (PDD) ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser system. Part of this preparation involves testing the performance of the NIF laser system over a broader span of center wavelengths, 3.6 nm, where the laser currently operates and that gain models describe. The temporal shape for the PDD pulses consists of a drive pulse preceded by three lower power "picket pulses". These picket pulses require a multi-FM sinusoidal phase modulation format with a bandwidth of similar to 200 GHz and a more dispersive grating in the preamplifier module (PAM) for smoothing-by-spectral-dispersion (SSD). In this paper we discuss recent measurements of gain on the NIF laser system over this broader wavelength range. We measured FM-to-AM conversion over the 3.6 nm wavelength range. The possibility of pinhole closure due to the larger bandwidth and dispersion associated with multi-FM SSD was studied at LLE on the OMEGA EP laser. C1 [Crane, J. K.; Yang, S. T.; Bowers, M.; Browning, D.; Budge, T.; Chou, J.; Di Nicola, J. M.; Dixit, S.; Erbert, G.; Hackel, R.; Heebner, J.; Johnston, M.; Shaw, M.; Smith, L.; Wegner, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kruschwitz, B.; Canning, D.; Consentino, A.; Dorrer, C.; Hill, E.; Kelly, J.; Kwiatkowski, J.; Zuegel, J.] Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. RP Crane, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM crane1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012088 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012088 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300088 ER PT S AU Datte, P Ross, JS Froula, D Galbraith, J Glenzer, S Hatch, B Kilkenny, J Landen, O Manuel, AM Molander, W Montgomery, D Moody, J Swadling, G Weaver, J de Dios, GV Vitalich, M AF Datte, P. Ross, J. S. Froula, D. Galbraith, J. Glenzer, S. Hatch, B. Kilkenny, J. Landen, O. Manuel, A. M. Molander, W. Montgomery, D. Moody, J. Swadling, G. Weaver, J. de Dios, G. Vergel Vitalich, M. BE Storm, E TI The preliminary design of the optical Thomson scattering diagnostic for the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 laser beam facility designed to support the Stockpile Stewardship, High Energy Density and Inertial Confinement Fusion programs. We report on the preliminary design of an Optical Thomson Scattering (OTS) diagnostic that has the potential to transform the community's understanding of NIF hohlraum physics by providing first principle, local, time-resolved measurements of under-dense plasma conditions. The system design allows operation with different probe laser wavelengths by manual selection of the appropriate beamsplitter and gratings before the shot. A deep-UV probe beam (lambda(0) between 185-215 nm) will optimally collect Thomson scattered light from plasma densities of 5 x 10(20) electrons/cm(3) while a 3 omega probe will optimally collect Thomson scattered light from plasma densities of 1 x 10(19) electrons/cm(3). We report the phase I design of a two phase design strategy. Phase I includes the OTS recording system to measure background levels at NIF and phase II will include the integration of a probe laser. C1 [Datte, P.; Ross, J. S.; Galbraith, J.; Hatch, B.; Kilkenny, J.; Landen, O.; Manuel, A. M.; Molander, W.; Moody, J.; Swadling, G.; de Dios, G. Vergel; Vitalich, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Froula, D.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. [Montgomery, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Weaver, J.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Glenzer, S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. RP Datte, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM datte1@llnl.gov OI Swadling, George/0000-0001-8370-8837 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012089 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012089 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300089 ER PT S AU Dittrich, TR Hurricane, OA Berzak-Hopkins, LF Callahan, DA Casey, DT Clark, D Dewald, EL Doeppner, T Haan, SW Hammel, BA Harte, JA Hinkel, DE Kozioziemski, BJ Kritcher, AL Ma, T Nikroo, A Pak, AE Parham, TG Park, HS Patel, PK Remington, BA Salmonson, JD Springer, PT Weber, CR Zimmerman, GB Kline, JL AF Dittrich, T. R. Hurricane, O. A. Berzak-Hopkins, L. F. Callahan, D. A. Casey, D. T. Clark, D. Dewald, E. L. Doeppner, T. Haan, S. W. Hammel, B. A. Harte, J. A. Hinkel, D. E. Kozioziemski, B. J. Kritcher, A. L. Ma, T. Nikroo, A. Pak, A. E. Parham, T. G. Park, H-S Patel, P. K. Remington, B. A. Salmonson, J. D. Springer, P. T. Weber, C. R. Zimmerman, G. B. Kline, J. L. BE Storm, E TI Simulations of fill tube effects on the implosion of high-foot NIF ignition capsules SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Encouraging results have been obtained using a strong first shock during the implosion of carbon-based ablator ignition capsules. These "high-foot" implosion results show that capsule performance deviates from 1D expectations as laser power and energy are increased. A possible cause of this deviation is the disruption of the hot spot by jets originating in the capsule fill tube. Nominally, a 10 mu m outside diameter glass (SiO2) fill tube is used in these implosions. Simulations indicate that a thin coating of Au on this glass tube may lessen the hotspot disruption. These results and other mitigation strategies will be presented. C1 [Dittrich, T. R.; Hurricane, O. A.; Berzak-Hopkins, L. F.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.; Clark, D.; Dewald, E. L.; Doeppner, T.; Haan, S. W.; Hammel, B. A.; Harte, J. A.; Hinkel, D. E.; Kozioziemski, B. J.; Kritcher, A. L.; Ma, T.; Nikroo, A.; Pak, A. E.; Parham, T. G.; Park, H-S; Patel, P. K.; Remington, B. A.; Salmonson, J. D.; Springer, P. T.; Weber, C. R.; Zimmerman, G. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kline, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dittrich, TR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dittrich1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012013 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012013 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300013 ER PT S AU Dong, QL Yuan, DW Gao, L Liu, X Chen, YG Jia, Q Hua, N Qiao, ZF Chen, M Zhu, BQ Zhu, JQ Zhao, G Ji, HT Sheng, ZM Zhang, J AF Dong, Quan-Li Yuan, Dawei Gao, Lan Liu, Xun Chen, Yangao Jia, Qing Hua, Neng Qiao, Zhanfeng Chen, Ming Zhu, Baoqiang Zhu, Jianqiang Zhao, Gang Ji, Hantao Sheng, Zheng-Ming Zhang, Jie BE Storm, E TI Filamentation due to the Weibel Instability in two counter-streaming laser ablated plasmas SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID FLOWS; FIELD AB Weibel-type filamentation instability was observed in the interaction of two counter streaming laser ablated plasma flows, which were supersonic, collisionless, and closely relevant to astrophysical conditions. The plasma flows were created by irradiating a pair of oppositely standing plastic (CH) foils with 1ns-pulsed laser beams of total energy of 1.7 kJ in two laser spots. With characteristics diagnosed in experiments, the calculated features of Weibel-type filaments are in good agreement with measurements. C1 [Dong, Quan-Li] Ludong Univ, Sch Phys & Optoengn, Yantai 264025, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Dawei; Liu, Xun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Dawei; Zhao, Gang] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Gao, Lan; Chen, Yangao; Jia, Qing; Ji, Hantao] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Hua, Neng; Qiao, Zhanfeng; Chen, Ming; Zhu, Baoqiang; Zhu, Jianqiang] Natl Lab High Power Lasers & Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Zheng-Ming; Zhang, Jie] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Key Lab Laser Plasmas MoE, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Zheng-Ming; Zhang, Jie] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Dong, QL (reprint author), Ludong Univ, Sch Phys & Optoengn, Yantai 264025, Peoples R China. EM qldong@aphy.iphy.ac.cn NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012061 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012061 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300061 ER PT S AU Doss, FW Flippo, KA Capelli, D Cardenas, T DeVolder, B Kline, J Kot, L Kurien, S Loomis, E Merritt, EC Perry, T Schmidt, D Di Stefano, C AF Doss, F. W. Flippo, K. A. Capelli, D. Cardenas, T. DeVolder, B. Kline, J. Kot, L. Kurien, S. Loomis, E. Merritt, E. C. Perry, T. Schmidt, D. Di Stefano, C. BE Storm, E TI Increasing shot and data collection rates of the Shock/Shear experiment at the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Updates to the Los Alamos laser-driven high-energy-density Shock/Shear mixing layer experiment are reported, which have collectively increased the platform's shot and data acquisition rates. The strategies employed have included a move from two-strip to four-strip imagers (allowing four times to be recorded per shot instead of two), the implementation of physics-informed rules of engagements allowing for the maximum flexibility in a shot's total energy and symmetry performance, and splitting the laser's main drive pulse from a monolithic single pulse equal to all beams into a triply-segmented pulse which minimizes optics damage. C1 [Doss, F. W.; Flippo, K. A.; Capelli, D.; Cardenas, T.; DeVolder, B.; Kline, J.; Kot, L.; Kurien, S.; Loomis, E.; Merritt, E. C.; Perry, T.; Schmidt, D.; Di Stefano, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Doss, FW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fdoss@lanl.gov RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012059 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012059 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300059 ER PT S AU Eder, D Spears, B Casey, D Pak, A Ma, T Izumi, N Pollock, B Weber, C Kritcher, A Jones, O Milovich, J Town, R Robey, H Hinkel, D Callahan, D Hatchett, S Knauer, J Yeamans, C Bleuel, D Nagel, S Hatarik, R Khan, S Sayre, D Caggiano, J Grim, G Eckart, M Fittinghoff, D Merrill, F Bradley, D AF Eder, D. Spears, B. Casey, D. Pak, A. Ma, T. Izumi, N. Pollock, B. Weber, C. Kritcher, A. Jones, O. Milovich, J. Town, R. Robey, H. Hinkel, D. Callahan, D. Hatchett, S. Knauer, J. Yeamans, C. Bleuel, D. Nagel, S. Hatarik, R. Khan, S. Sayre, D. Caggiano, J. Grim, G. Eckart, M. Fittinghoff, D. Merrill, F. Bradley, D. BE Storm, E TI Simulations of symcap and layered NIF experiments with top/bottom laser asymmetry to impose P1 drive on capsules SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Integrated hohlraum/capsule post-shot simulation of the first full-scale cryogenic layered-DT experiment with top/bottom laser asymmetries of 8% is discussed. The imposed P1 Legendre mode drive on the capsule results in downward velocity of 85 15 km/s as measured by neutron time of flight (NTOF) diagnostics and x-ray imagers, which is in excellent agreement with the calculated velocity of 87 km/s. The measured DT yield is approximately 30% less than the average of two comparable shots using the same 4 shock HiFoot pulse shape without drive asymmetry. The calculated DT yield of 5.0e15 is very close to the measured value of 4.86e15 for the shot with drive asymmetry, which implies that P1 effects dominate yield reduction. The neutron activation diagnostics (NADs) give clear indication of higher areal density in the direction of the north pole in excellent agreement with calculations. Integrated post-shot simulation of an earlier symcap (capsule with appropriate ablator thicknesses to act as a surrogate for an ignition capsule) experiment with laser asymmetries show that calculated neutron-wighted velocity is a strong function of capsule shape. C1 [Eder, D.; Spears, B.; Casey, D.; Pak, A.; Ma, T.; Izumi, N.; Pollock, B.; Weber, C.; Kritcher, A.; Jones, O.; Milovich, J.; Town, R.; Robey, H.; Hinkel, D.; Callahan, D.; Hatchett, S.; Knauer, J.; Yeamans, C.; Bleuel, D.; Nagel, S.; Hatarik, R.; Khan, S.; Sayre, D.; Caggiano, J.; Grim, G.; Eckart, M.; Fittinghoff, D.; Merrill, F.; Bradley, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Eder, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM deder@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012014 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300014 ER PT S AU Edwards, ER Jedlovec, DR Carrera, JA Yeamans, CB AF Edwards, E. R. Jedlovec, D. R. Carrera, J. A. Yeamans, C. B. BE Storm, E TI Development of Enhanced, Permanently-Installed, Neutron Activation Diagnostic Hardware for NIF SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID CROSS-SECTIONS; RATIOS AB Neutron activation diagnostics are baseline neutron yield and flux measurement instruments at the National Ignition Facility. Up to 19 activation samples are distributed around the target chamber. Currently the samples must be removed to be counted, creating a 1-2 week data turn-around time and considerable labor costs. An improved system consisting of a commercially available LaBr3(Ce) scintillator and Power over Ethernet electronics is under development. A machined zirconium-702 cap over the detector is the activation medium to measure the Zr-90(n,2n)Zr-89 reaction. The detectors are located at the current neutron activation diagnostic sites and monitored remotely. Because they collect data in real time yield values are returned within a few hours after a NIF shot. C1 [Edwards, E. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jedlovec, D. R.; Carrera, J. A.; Yeamans, C. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Edwards, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM edwards76@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012091 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012091 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300091 ER PT S AU Flippo, K DeVolder, B Doss, F Kline, J Merritt, E Loomis, E Capelli, D Schmidt, D Schmitt, MJ AF Flippo, Kirk DeVolder, Barbara Doss, Forrest Kline, John Merritt, Elizabeth Loomis, Eric Capelli, Deanna Schmidt, Derek Schmitt, Mark J. BE Storm, E TI The Laser-Driven X-ray Big Area Backlighter (BABL): Design, Optimization, and Evolution SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB The Big Area BackLigher (BABL) has been developed for large area laser-driven x-ray backlighting on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which can be used for general High Energy Density (HED) experiments. The BABL has been optimized via hydrodynamic simulations to produce laser-to-x-ray conversion efficiencies of up to nearly 5%. Four BABL foil materials, Zn, Fe, V, and Cu, have been used for He-alpha x ray production. C1 [Flippo, Kirk; DeVolder, Barbara; Doss, Forrest; Kline, John; Merritt, Elizabeth; Loomis, Eric; Capelli, Deanna; Schmidt, Derek; Schmitt, Mark J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Flippo, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM kflippo@lanl.gov OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012062 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012062 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300062 ER PT S AU Hahn, KD Chandler, GA Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Gomez, MR Slutz, S Sefkow, AB Sinars, DB Hansen, SB Knapp, PF Schmit, PF Harding, E Jennings, CA Awe, TJ Geissel, M Rovang, DC Torres, JA Bur, JA Cuneo, ME Glebov, VY Harvey-Thompson, AJ Herrman, MC Hess, MH Johns, O Jones, B Lamppa, DC Lash, JS Martin, MR McBride, RD Peterson, KJ Porter, JL Reneker, J Robertson, GK Rochau, GA Savage, ME Smith, IC Styron, JD Vesey, RA AF Hahn, K. D. Chandler, G. A. Ruiz, C. L. Cooper, G. W. Gomez, M. R. Slutz, S. Sefkow, A. B. Sinars, D. B. Hansen, S. B. Knapp, P. F. Schmit, P. F. Harding, E. Jennings, C. A. Awe, T. J. Geissel, M. Rovang, D. C. Torres, J. A. Bur, J. A. Cuneo, M. E. Glebov, V. Yu Harvey-Thompson, A. J. Herrman, M. C. Hess, M. H. Johns, O. Jones, B. Lamppa, D. C. Lash, J. S. Martin, M. R. McBride, R. D. Peterson, K. J. Porter, J. L. Reneker, J. Robertson, G. K. Rochau, G. A. Savage, M. E. Smith, I. C. Styron, J. D. Vesey, R. A. BE Storm, E TI Fusion-neutron measurements for magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments on the Z accelerator SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Several magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) experiments have been conducted on the Z accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories since late 2013. Measurements of the primary DD (2.45 MeV) neutrons for these experiments suggest that the neutron production is thermonuclear. Primary DD yields up to 3e12 with ion temperatures similar to 2-3 keV have been achieved. Measurements of the secondary DT (14 MeV) neutrons indicate that the fuel is significantly magnetized. Measurements of down-scattered neutrons from the beryllium liner suggest rho R-liner similar to 1 g/cm(2). Neutron bang times, estimated from neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) measurements, coincide with peak x-ray production. Plans to improve and expand the Z neutron diagnostic suite include neutron burn-history diagnostics, increased sensitivity and higher precision nTOF detectors, and neutron recoil-based yield and spectral measurements. C1 [Hahn, K. D.; Chandler, G. A.; Ruiz, C. L.; Gomez, M. R.; Slutz, S.; Sefkow, A. B.; Sinars, D. B.; Hansen, S. B.; Knapp, P. F.; Schmit, P. F.; Harding, E.; Jennings, C. A.; Awe, T. J.; Geissel, M.; Rovang, D. C.; Torres, J. A.; Bur, J. A.; Cuneo, M. E.; Harvey-Thompson, A. J.; Herrman, M. C.; Hess, M. H.; Johns, O.; Jones, B.; Lamppa, D. C.; Lash, J. S.; Martin, M. R.; McBride, R. D.; Peterson, K. J.; Porter, J. L.; Reneker, J.; Robertson, G. K.; Rochau, G. A.; Savage, M. E.; Smith, I. C.; Vesey, R. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Cooper, G. W.; Styron, J. D.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Glebov, V. Yu] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. RP Hahn, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kdhahn@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012020 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012020 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300020 ER PT S AU Hammel, BA Tommasini, R Clark, DS Field, J Stadermann, M Weber, C AF Hammel, B. A. Tommasini, R. Clark, D. S. Field, J. Stadermann, M. Weber, C. BE Storm, E TI Simulations and experiments of the growth of the "tent" perturbation in NIF ignition implosions SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB NIF capsules are supported in the hohlraum by two thin (similar to 15-110 nm) Formvar films ("tent"). Highly resolved HYDRA simulations indicate that a large (similar to 40% peak-average) areal density (rho R) perturbation develops on the capsule during acceleration as a consequence of this support geometry. This perturbation results in a jet of dense DT and, in some cases, CH that penetrates and cools the hot spot, significantly degrading the neutron yield (similar to 10-20% of 1D yield). We examine "low-foot" and "high-foot" pulse shapes, tent thicknesses, and geometries. Simulations indicate that thinner tents result in a smaller rho R perturbation, however, the departure angle of the tent from the capsule surface is important, with steeper angles resulting in larger perturbations. C1 [Hammel, B. A.; Tommasini, R.; Clark, D. S.; Field, J.; Stadermann, M.; Weber, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hammel, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hammel1@llnl.gov RI Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012021 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012021 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300021 ER PT S AU Hares, JD Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL Hilsabeck, TJ Kilkenny, JD Morris, D Horsfield, CJ Gales, SG Milner, J Herrmann, HW McFee, C AF Hares, J. D. Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. Hilsabeck, T. J. Kilkenny, J. D. Morris, D. Horsfield, C. J. Gales, S. G. Milner, J. Herrmann, H. W. McFee, C. BE Storm, E TI A demonstration of ultra-high time resolution with a pulse-dilation photo-multiplier SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB A novel microchannel plate (MCP) intensified high-speed photo-multiplier tube making use of pulse-dilation[1] has been tested. A ramped photo-cathode voltage followed by a relatively long drift region results in a transit time which is dependent on the photo-electron birth time. This leads to temporal magnification or dilation, so providing an enhancement in time resolution of the optical signal with respect to the electrical signal at the output anode. By this means a time resolution on the order of picoseconds may be realized with a substantially slower oscilloscope. The photo-electron signal is guided from a photo-cathode to an MCP by an axial magnetic field and a short input record length is stretched by a factor up to 40X to yield significantly improved time resolution at the photo-cathode. Results of the first measurements are presented. C1 [Hares, J. D.; Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L.] Kentech Instruments Ltd, Wallingford, Oxon, England. [Hilsabeck, T. J.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Morris, D.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. [Horsfield, C. J.; Gales, S. G.] Atom Weap Estab, Aldermaston, England. [Milner, J.] Photek Ltd, St Leonards On Sea, England. [Herrmann, H. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [McFee, C.] Sydor Instruments LLC, Rochester, NY USA. RP Hares, JD (reprint author), Kentech Instruments Ltd, Wallingford, Oxon, England. EM jdh@kentech.co.uk NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012093 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012093 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300093 ER PT S AU Hayes, AC Cerjan, CJ Jungman, G Fowler, MM Gooden, ME Grim, GP Henry, E Rundberg, RS Sepke, SM Schneider, DHG Singleton, RL Tonchev, AP Wilhelmy, JB Yeamans, CB AF Hayes, A. C. Cerjan, C. J. Jungman, G. Fowler, M. M. Gooden, M. E. Grim, G. P. Henry, E. Rundberg, R. S. Sepke, S. M. Schneider, D. H. G. Singleton, R. L. Tonchev, A. P. Wilhelmy, J. B. Yeamans, C. B. BE Storm, E TI Reaction-in-Flight neutrons as a test of stopping power in degenerate plasmas SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Cryogenically cooled inertial confinement fusion capsule designs are suitable for studies of reaction-in-flight (RIF) neutrons. RIF neutrons occur when energetically up-scattered ions undergo DT reactions with a thermal ion in the plasma, producing neutrons in the energy range 9-30 MeV. The knock-on ions lose energy as they traverse the plasma, which directly affects the spectrum of the produced RIF neutrons. Here we present measurements from the National Ignition Facility (NIF) of RIF neutrons produced in cryogenic capsules, with energies above 15 MeV. We show that the measured RIFs probe stopping under previously unexplored degenerate plasma conditions and constrain stopping models in warm dense plasma conditions. C1 [Hayes, A. C.; Jungman, G.; Fowler, M. M.; Gooden, M. E.; Rundberg, R. S.; Singleton, R. L.; Wilhelmy, J. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cerjan, C. J.; Grim, G. P.; Henry, E.; Sepke, S. M.; Schneider, D. H. G.; Tonchev, A. P.; Yeamans, C. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hayes, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anna_hayes@lanl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012022 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012022 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300022 ER PT S AU Ho, DDM Haan, SW Salmonson, JD Clark, DS Lindl, JD Milovich, JL Thomas, CA Hopkins, LFB Meezan, NB AF Ho, D. D. -M. Haan, S. W. Salmonson, J. D. Clark, D. S. Lindl, J. D. Milovich, J. L. Thomas, C. A. Hopkins, L. F. Berzak Meezan, N. B. BE Storm, E TI Implosion configurations for robust ignition using high-density carbon (diamond) ablator for indirect-drive ICF at the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB We present five ignition scale capsule designs using high-density carbon ablators with fuel adiabat (alpha) ranging from 1.5 to 4. All five have 1D yield > 1 MJ. The sensitivities of these capsules to surface roughness and P-2 radiation asymmetries were studied. The most robust configuration with respect to surface roughness depends on the amplitude of the surface spectrum. The most robust configuration with respect to P-2 asymmetry is the alpha = 1.5 configuration which has the highest 1D margin. We find that alpha = 2 and 2.5 configurations have the highest overall robustness. Further analysis is needed to study the effects of more complicated 3D behaviors. C1 [Ho, D. D. -M.; Haan, S. W.; Salmonson, J. D.; Clark, D. S.; Lindl, J. D.; Milovich, J. L.; Thomas, C. A.; Hopkins, L. F. Berzak; Meezan, N. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ho, DDM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ho1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012023 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300023 ER PT S AU Hora, H Lalousis, P Giuffrida, L Margarone, D Korn, G Eliezer, S Miley, GH Moustaizis, S Mourou, G Barty, CPJ AF Hora, H. Lalousis, P. Giuffrida, L. Margarone, D. Korn, G. Eliezer, S. Miley, G. H. Moustaizis, S. Mourou, G. Barty, C. P. J. BE Storm, E TI Picosecond-petawatt laser-block ignition for avalanche fusion of boron by ultrahigh acceleration and ultrahigh magnetic fields SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID PLASMA BLOCKS; DRIVEN AB Fusion energy from reacting hydrogen (protons) with the boron isotope 11 (HB11) resulting in three stable helium nuclei, is without problem of nuclear radiation in contrast to DT fusion. But the HB11 reaction driven by nanosecond laser pulses with thermal compression and ignition by lasers is extremely difficult. This changed radically when irradiation with picosecond laser pulses produces a non-thermal plasma block ignition with ultrahigh acceleration. This uses the nonlinear (ponderomotive) force to surprizingly resulting in same thresholds as DT fusion even under pessimistic assumption of binary reactions. After evaluation of reactions trapped cylindrically by kilotesla magnetic fields and using the measured highly increased HB11 fusion gains for the proof of an avalanche of the three alphas in secondary reactions, possibilities for an absolutely clean energy source at comptitive costs were concluded. C1 [Hora, H.] Univ New South Wales, Dept Theoret Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Lalousis, P.] Inst Elect Struct & Lasers FORTH, Iraklion, Greece. [Giuffrida, L.; Margarone, D.; Korn, G.] ASCR, Inst Phys, PALS Ctr, ELI Beamline Project, Prague, Czech Republic. [Eliezer, S.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Nucl Fus, Madrid, Spain. [Eliezer, S.] Soreq Res Ctr, Yavne, Israel. [Miley, G. H.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucluclear Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moustaizis, S.] Tech Univ Crete, Lab Matter Struct & Laser Phys, Khania, Greece. [Mourou, G.] Ecole Polytech, DAER IZEST, Route Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hora, H (reprint author), Univ New South Wales, Dept Theoret Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM h.hora@unsw.edu.au NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012024 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012024 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300024 ER PT S AU Hu, SX Collins, LA Goncharov, VN Kress, JD Boehly, TR Epstein, R McCrory, RL Skupsky, S AF Hu, S. X. Collins, L. A. Goncharov, V. N. Kress, J. D. Boehly, T. R. Epstein, R. McCrory, R. L. Skupsky, S. BE Storm, E TI First-principles studies on the equation of state, thermal conductivity, and opacity of deuterium-tritium (DT) and polystyrene (CH) for inertial confinement fusion applications SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID COMPRESSION AB Using first-principles (FP) methods, we have performed ab initio compute for the equation of state (EOS), thermal conductivity, and opacity of deuterium-tritium (DT) in a wide range of densities and temperatures for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) applications. These systematic investigations have recently been expanded to accurately compute the plasma properties of CH ablators under extreme conditions. In particular, the first-principles EOS and thermal-conductivity tables of CH are self-consistently built from such FP calculations, which are benchmarked by experimental measurements. When compared with the traditional models used for these plasma properties in hydrocodes, significant differences have been identified in the warm dense plasma regime. When these FP-calculated properties of DT and CH were used in our hydrodynamic simulations of ICF implosions, we found that the target performance in terms of neutron yield and energy gain can vary by a factor of 2 to 3, relative to traditional model simulations. C1 [Hu, S. X.; Goncharov, V. N.; Boehly, T. R.; Epstein, R.; McCrory, R. L.; Skupsky, S.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Collins, L. A.; Kress, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, SX (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM shu@lle.rochester.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012064 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012064 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300064 ER PT S AU Hurricane, OA AF Hurricane, O. A. CA ICF Program BE Storm, E TI Overview of Progress and Future Prospects in Indirect Drive Implosions on the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Alpha-particle self-heating, the process of deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion reaction products depositing their kinetic energy locally within the fusion reaction region and thus increasing the temperature in the reacting region with a concomitant exponential increase in the fusion reaction-rate, is the essential process needed for a fusion plasma to ignite. For the first time in the laboratory, significant alpha-heating in a fusion plasma was inferred in experiments and fusion fuel gain was demonstrated on the U.S. National Ignition Facility (NIF). Experiments on the NIF have achieved the highest yet recorded stagnation pressures (Pstagnation > 150-230 Gigabar) of any facility based inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, albeit they are still short of the pressures required for ignition on the NIF (i.e. similar to 300 - 400 Gbar), and have exhibited undesirable shape distortions that waste kinetic energy. We review the issues that have been uncovered and discuss the program strategy and plan that we are following to systematically address the known issues as we press C1 [Hurricane, O. A.; ICF Program] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-472, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hurricane, OA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-472, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM urricane1@llnl.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012005 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300005 ER PT S AU Inoue, A Takahashi, K Sasaki, T Kikuchi, T Harada, N Barnard, JJ AF Inoue, A. Takahashi, K. Sasaki, T. Kikuchi, T. Harada, Nob Barnard, J. J. BE Storm, E TI Comparative study on cost evaluation and network visualization of particle accelerator components for heavy ion inertial fusion SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID DRIVERS AB By visualizing accelerator system components in heavy ion inertial fusion, the connection between the components becomes clear. We clarify an influential component on the entire cost by the relation of node connections due to the visualization result. Since a low cost component affects a high cost component, not only the cost estimation but also the relation between the components is considerable and important issue. A cost estimation result changing with an induction core cost indicates no influences in the rate of details. C1 [Inoue, A.; Takahashi, K.; Sasaki, T.; Kikuchi, T.; Harada, Nob] Nagaoka Univ Technol, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan. [Barnard, J. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Inoue, A (reprint author), Nagaoka Univ Technol, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan. EM akie_inoue@stn.nagaokaut.ac.jp NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012097 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012097 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300097 ER PT S AU Jones, OS Thomas, CA Amendt, PA Hall, GN Izumi, N Garcia, MAB Hopkins, LFB Chen, H Dewald, EL Hinkel, DE Kritcher, AL Marinak, MM Meezan, NB Milovich, JL Moody, JD Moore, AS Patel, MV Ralph, JE Regan, SP Rosen, MD Schneider, MB Sepke, SM Strozzi, D Turnbull, DP AF Jones, O. S. Thomas, C. A. Amendt, P. A. Hall, G. N. Izumi, N. Garcia, M. A. Barrios Hopkins, L. F. Berzak Chen, H. Dewald, E. L. Hinkel, D. E. Kritcher, A. L. Marinak, M. M. Meezan, N. B. Milovich, J. L. Moody, J. D. Moore, A. S. Patel, M. V. Ralph, J. E. Regan, S. P. Rosen, M. D. Schneider, M. B. Sepke, S. M. Strozzi, Dj Turnbull, D. P. BE Storm, E TI Towards a more universal understanding of radiation drive in gas-filled hohlraums SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB We have found that radiation-hydrodynamic calculations that use the high flux model assumptions [1] can accurately predict the radiation drive produced by a laser-heated hohlraum under certain conditions, but can not predict drive over a broad range of parameters (pulse energy, hohlraum gas fill density, hohlraum case-to-capsule ratio). In particular, the model is accurate for similar to 7 ns long laser pulses used to implode capsules with high density carbon (HDC) ablators in hohlraums with helium fill gas densities of 0-0.6 mg/cc. By systematically varying the gas fill density from 0 to 1.6 mg/cc we found that the agreement with drive begins to diverge for fills > 0.85 mg/cc. This divergence from the model coincides with the onset of measureable SRS backscatter. In this same set of experiments the radiation drive symmetry inferred from the imploded shape of a gas-filled capsule is not predicted with this model. Finally, several possible fixes to the model to reduce the observed discrepancies are considered. C1 [Jones, O. S.; Thomas, C. A.; Amendt, P. A.; Hall, G. N.; Izumi, N.; Garcia, M. A. Barrios; Hopkins, L. F. Berzak; Chen, H.; Dewald, E. L.; Hinkel, D. E.; Kritcher, A. L.; Marinak, M. M.; Meezan, N. B.; Milovich, J. L.; Moody, J. D.; Moore, A. S.; Patel, M. V.; Ralph, J. E.; Rosen, M. D.; Schneider, M. B.; Sepke, S. M.; Strozzi, Dj; Turnbull, D. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Regan, S. P.] Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. RP Jones, OS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM oggie@llnl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012026 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012026 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300026 ER PT S AU Kagan, G Herrmann, HW Kim, YH Schmitt, MJ Hakel, P Hsu, SC Hoffman, NM Svyatsky, D Baalrud, SD Daligault, JO Sio, H Zylstra, AB Rosenberg, MJ Rinderknecht, HG Johnson, MG Frenje, JA Seguin, FH Li, CK Petrasso, RD Albright, BJ Taitano, W Kyrala, G Bradley, PA Huang, CK McDevitt, CJ Chacon, L Srinivasan, B McEvoy, AM Joshi, TR Adams, CS AF Kagan, Grigory Herrmann, H. W. Kim, Y. -H. Schmitt, M. J. Hakel, P. Hsu, S. C. Hoffman, N. M. Svyatsky, D. Baalrud, S. D. Daligault, J. O. Sio, H. Zylstra, A. B. Rosenberg, M. J. Rinderknecht, H. G. Johnson, M. Gatu Frenje, J. A. Seguin, F. H. Li, C. K. Petrasso, R. D. Albright, B. J. Taitano, W. Kyrala, G. A. Bradley, P. A. Huang, C. -K. McDevitt, C. J. Chacon, L. Srinivasan, B. McEvoy, A. M. Joshi, T. R. Adams, C. S. BE Storm, E TI Kinetic studies of ICF implosions SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Kinetic effects on inertial confinement fusion have been investigated. In particular, inter-ion-species diffusion and suprathermal ion distribution have been analyzed. The former drives separation of the fuel constituents in the hot reacting core and governs mix at the shell/fuel interface. The latter underlie measurements obtained with nuclear diagnostics, including the fusion yield and inferred ion burn temperatures. Basic mechanisms behind and practical consequences from these effects are discussed. C1 [Kagan, Grigory; Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y. -H.; Schmitt, M. J.; Hakel, P.; Hsu, S. C.; Hoffman, N. M.; Svyatsky, D.; Daligault, J. O.; Zylstra, A. B.; Albright, B. J.; Taitano, W.; Kyrala, G. A.; Bradley, P. A.; Huang, C. -K.; McDevitt, C. J.; Chacon, L.; McEvoy, A. M.; Joshi, T. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Baalrud, S. D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Sio, H.; Johnson, M. Gatu; Frenje, J. A.; Seguin, F. H.; Li, C. K.; Petrasso, R. D.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rosenberg, M. J.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Rinderknecht, H. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Srinivasan, B.; Adams, C. S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kagan, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kagan@lanl.gov OI Hsu, Scott/0000-0002-6737-4934; Chacon, Luis/0000-0002-4566-8763; McDevitt, Christopher/0000-0002-3674-2909; Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Joshi, Tirtha/0000-0003-2218-8190; Hakel, Peter/0000-0002-7936-4231; Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Huang, Chengkun/0000-0002-3176-8042; Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012027 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300027 ER PT S AU Kaikanov, M Baigarin, K Tikhonov, A Urazbayev, A Kwan, JW Henestroza, E Remnev, G Shubin, B Stepanov, A Shamanin, V Waldron, WL AF Kaikanov, M. Baigarin, K. Tikhonov, A. Urazbayev, A. Kwan, J. W. Henestroza, E. Remnev, G. Shubin, B. Stepanov, A. Shamanin, V. Waldron, W. L. BE Storm, E TI An accelerator facility for WDM, HEDP, and HIF investigations in Nazarbayev University SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID DIODE AB Nazarbayev University (NU) in Astana, Kazakhstan, is planning to build a new multi-MV, similar to 10 to several hundred GW/cm(2) ion accelerator facility which will be used in studies of material properties at extreme conditions relevant to ion-beam-driven inertial fusion energy, and other applications. Two design options have been considered. The first option is a 1.2 MV induction linac similar to the NDCX-II at LBNL, but with modifications, capable of heating a 1 mm spot size thin targets to a few eV temperature. The second option is a 2 - 3 MV, similar to 200 kA, single-gap-diode proton accelerator powered by an inductive voltage adder. The high current proton beam can be focused to similar to 1 cm spot size to obtain power densities of several hundred GW/cm(2), capable of heating thick targets to temperatures of tens of eV. In both cases, a common requirement to achieving high beam intensity on target and pulse length compression is to utilize beam neutralization at the final stage of beam focusing. Initial experiments on pulsed ion beam neutralization have been carried out on a 0.3 MV, 1.5 GW single-gap ion accelerator at Tomsk Polytechnic University with the goal of creating a plasma region in front of a target at densities exceeding similar to 10(12) cm(-3). C1 [Kaikanov, M.; Baigarin, K.; Tikhonov, A.; Urazbayev, A.; Kwan, J. W.; Henestroza, E.] Natl Lab Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan. [Remnev, G.; Shubin, B.; Stepanov, A.; Shamanin, V.] Tomsk Polytech Univ, Tomsk, Russia. [Waldron, W. L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Kaikanov, M (reprint author), Natl Lab Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan. EM marat.kaikanov@nu.edu.kz RI Stepanov, Andrey/B-7757-2014 OI Stepanov, Andrey/0000-0001-5388-299X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012099 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012099 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300099 ER PT S AU Kim, Y Herrmann, HW Hoffman, NM Schmitt, MJ Bradley, PA Gales, S Horsfield, CJ Rubery, M Leatherland, A Johnson, MG Frenje, JA Glebov, VY AF Kim, Y. Herrmann, H. W. Hoffman, N. M. Schmitt, M. J. Bradley, P. A. Gales, S. Horsfield, C. J. Rubery, M. Leatherland, A. Johnson, M. Gatu Frenje, J. A. Glebov, V. Yu BE Storm, E TI Direct-drive DT implosions with Knudsen number variations SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Direct-drive implosions of DT-filled plastic-shells have been conducted at the Omega laser facility, measuring nuclear yields while varying Knudsen numbers (i.e., the ratio of mean free path of fusing ions to the length of fuel region) by adjusting both shell thickness (e.g., 7.5, 15, 20, 30 m) and till pressure (e.g., 2, 5, 15 atm). The fusion reactivity reduction model showed a stronger effect on yield as the Knudsen number increases (or the shell thickness decreases). The Reduced-Ion-Kinetic (RIK) simulation which includes both fusion reactivity reduction and mix model was necessary to provide a better match between the observed neutron yields and those simulated. C1 [Kim, Y.; Herrmann, H. W.; Hoffman, N. M.; Schmitt, M. J.; Bradley, P. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gales, S.; Horsfield, C. J.; Rubery, M.; Leatherland, A.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Johnson, M. Gatu; Frenje, J. A.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Glebov, V. Yu] Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yhkim@lanl.gov OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180; Bradley, Paul/0000-0001-6229-6677 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012030 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012030 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300030 ER PT S AU Kraus, D Doppner, T Kritcher, AL Yi, A Boehm, K Bachmann, B Divol, L Fletcher, LB Glenzer, SH Landen, OL Masters, N Saunders, AM Weber, C Falcone, RW Neumayer, P AF Kraus, D. Doppner, T. Kritcher, A. L. Yi, A. Boehm, K. Bachmann, B. Divol, L. Fletcher, L. B. Glenzer, S. H. Landen, O. L. Masters, N. Saunders, A. M. Weber, C. Falcone, R. W. Neumayer, P. BE Storm, E TI Platform for spectrally resolved x-ray scattering from imploding capsules at the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB We present a new experimental platform to perform spectrally resolved x-ray scattering measurements of ionization, density and temperature in imploding CH or beryllium capsules at the National Ignition Facility. Scattered x-rays at 9 keV from a zinc He-alpha plasma source at a scattering angle of 120 degrees are highly sensitive to K-shell ionization, while at the same time constraining density and temperature. This platform will allow for x-ray scattering studies of dense plasmas with free electron densities up to 10(25) cm(-3) giving the possibility to investigate effects of pressure ionization and Pauli blocking on the ablator ionization state right before or shortly after stagnation of the implosion. C1 [Kraus, D.; Saunders, A. M.; Falcone, R. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doppner, T.; Kritcher, A. L.; Boehm, K.; Bachmann, B.; Divol, L.; Landen, O. L.; Masters, N.; Weber, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Yi, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fletcher, L. B.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94309 USA. [Neumayer, P.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Kraus, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dominik.kraus@berkeley.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012067 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012067 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300067 ER PT S AU Kyrala, GA Kline, JL Yi, S Simakov, AN Olson, RE Wilson, DC Batha, S Dewald, EL Tommasini, R Ralph, JE MacPhee, AG Callahan, DA Hurricane, OA Hinkel, DE Khan, SF Ma, T Izumi, N Nagel, S Rygg, JR AF Kyrala, G. A. Kline, J. L. Yi, S. Simakov, A. N. Olson, R. E. Wilson, D. C. Batha, S. Dewald, E. L. Tommasini, R. Ralph, J. E. MacPhee, A. G. Callahan, D. A. Hurricane, O. A. Hinkel, D. E. Khan, S. F. Ma, T. Izumi, N. Nagel, S. Rygg, J. R. BE Storm, E TI Control of Be capsule low mode implosions symmetry at the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB We present results of the beryllium experimental campaign on the implosion symmetry properties of beryllium capsules at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [1]. These indirect drive experiments measure both the inflight and core self-emission implosion symmetry. The inflight symmetry of the ablator before stagnation is measured using a backlight imaging technique. A copper backlighter was used to measure the transmissions (or backlit absorption) of the copper doped beryllium shells. Images of the x-ray emission from the core around bang time provide a measure of the symmetry near peak compression. Both pieces of information about the 2D symmetry are used to infer the drive and velocity uniformity enabling us to predictably adjust the properties of the incident laser, mainly the time dependent ratio of the inner beam cone power to the outer laser beam powers, to achieve proper symmetry of the implosion. Results from these experiments show inner beam propagation is not degraded compared to similar implosions with CH ablators. Variations in the shape compared with implosions using CH ablators also provides information about the cross beam energy transfer used to adjust the equatorial shape and thus infer information about the differences in plasma conditions near the laser entrance holes. Experimental results of the implosion shape for beryllium capsules will be presented along with comparisons relative to CH ablators. C1 [Kyrala, G. A.; Kline, J. L.; Yi, S.; Simakov, A. N.; Olson, R. E.; Wilson, D. C.; Batha, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Dewald, E. L.; Tommasini, R.; Ralph, J. E.; MacPhee, A. G.; Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.; Hinkel, D. E.; Khan, S. F.; Ma, T.; Izumi, N.; Nagel, S.; Rygg, J. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kyrala, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM Kyrala@lanl.gov RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009; OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; Simakov, Andrei/0000-0001-7064-9153; Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012033 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300033 ER PT S AU Landen, OL Baker, KL Clark, DS Goncharov, VN Hammel, BA Ho, DD Hurricane, OA Lindl, JD Loomis, EN Masse, L Mauche, C Milovich, JL Peterson, L Smalyuk, VA Yi, SA Velikovich, AL Weber, C AF Landen, O. L. Baker, K. L. Clark, D. S. Goncharov, V. N. Hammel, B. A. Ho, D. D. Hurricane, O. A. Lindl, J. D. Loomis, E. N. Masse, L. Mauche, C. Milovich, J. L. Peterson, L. Smalyuk, V. A. Yi, S. A. Velikovich, A. L. Weber, C. BE Storm, E TI Indirect-drive ablative Richtmyer Meshkov node scaling SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; TARGETS; INSTABILITY AB The ablation front Rayleigh Taylor hydroinstability growth dispersion curve for indirect-drive implosions has been shown to be dependent on the Richtmyer Meshkov growth during the first shock transit phase. In this paper, a simplified treatment of the first shock ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov (ARM) growth dispersion curve is used to extract differences in ablation front perturbation growth behavior as function of foot pulse shape and ablator material for comparing the merits of various ICF design option. C1 [Landen, O. L.; Baker, K. L.; Clark, D. S.; Hammel, B. A.; Ho, D. D.; Hurricane, O. A.; Lindl, J. D.; Masse, L.; Mauche, C.; Milovich, J. L.; Peterson, L.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Goncharov, V. N.] Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. [Yi, S. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Velikovich, A. L.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM landenl@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012034 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012034 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300034 ER PT S AU Leidinger, JP Callahan, DA Berzak-Hopkins, LF Ralph, JE Amendt, P Hinkel, DE Michel, P Moody, JD Ross, JS Rygg, JR Celliers, P Clouet, JF Dewald, EL Kaiser, P Khan, S Kritcher, AL Liberatore, S Marion, D Masson-Laborde, PE Milovich, JL Morice, O Pak, AE Poujade, O Strozzi, D Hurricane, OA AF Leidinger, J-P Callahan, D. A. Berzak-Hopkins, L. F. Ralph, J. E. Amendt, P. Hinkel, D. E. Michel, P. Moody, J. D. Ross, J. S. Rygg, J. R. Celliers, P. Clouet, J-F Dewald, E. L. Kaiser, P. Khan, S. Kritcher, A. L. Liberatore, S. Marion, D. Masson-Laborde, P-E Milovich, J. L. Morice, O. Pak, A. E. Poujade, O. Strozzi, D. Hurricane, O. A. BE Storm, E TI NIF Rugby High Foot Campaign from the design side SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB The NIF Rugby High Foot campaign results, with 8 shots to date, are compared with the 2D FCI2 design simulations. A special emphasis is placed on the predictive features and on those areas where some work is still required to achieve the best possible modelling of these MJ-class experiments. C1 [Leidinger, J-P; Clouet, J-F; Kaiser, P.; Liberatore, S.; Marion, D.; Masson-Laborde, P-E; Morice, O.; Poujade, O.] CEA DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Callahan, D. A.; Berzak-Hopkins, L. F.; Ralph, J. E.; Amendt, P.; Hinkel, D. E.; Michel, P.; Moody, J. D.; Ross, J. S.; Rygg, J. R.; Celliers, P.; Dewald, E. L.; Khan, S.; Kritcher, A. L.; Milovich, J. L.; Pak, A. E.; Strozzi, D.; Hurricane, O. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leidinger, JP (reprint author), CEA DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. EM jean-pierre.leidinger@cea.fr NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012035 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012035 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300035 ER PT S AU Liao, GQ Li, YT Li, C Su, LN Zheng, Y Liu, M Dunn, J Nilsen, J Hunter, J Wang, WM Sheng, ZM Zhang, J AF Liao, G. Q. Li, Y. T. Li, C. Su, L. N. Zheng, Y. Liu, M. Dunn, J. Nilsen, J. Hunter, J. Wang, W. M. Sheng, Z. M. Zhang, J. BE Storm, E TI Picosecond laser-driven terahertz radiation from large scale preplasmas of solid targets SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID TRANSPORT; PLASMA AB The terahertz (THz) radiation from the front of solid targets with a large-scale preplasma irradiated by relativistic picosecond laser pulses has been studied. The THz radiation measured at the specular direction nonlinearly increases with laser energy and an optimal plasma density scalelength is observed. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that the radiation can be attributed to the model of mode conversion. While the THz radiation near the target normal direction is saturated with laser energy and plasma scalelength. Unlike the radiation in the specular direction, the transient current formed at the plasma-vacuum interface could be responsible for the radiation near the target normal. C1 [Liao, G. Q.; Li, Y. T.; Li, C.; Su, L. N.; Zheng, Y.; Liu, M.; Wang, W. M.] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Dunn, J.; Nilsen, J.; Hunter, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sheng, Z. M.; Zhang, J.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Key Lab Laser Plasmas MoE, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Z. M.; Zhang, J.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Li, Y. T.; Wang, W. M.; Sheng, Z. M.; Zhang, J.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, CICIFSA, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Z. M.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Li, YT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.; Li, YT (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, CICIFSA, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM ytli@iphy.ac.cn NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012105 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012105 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300105 ER PT S AU Masters, ND Fisher, A Kalantar, D Stolken, J Smith, C Vignes, R Burns, S Doeppner, T Kritcher, A Park, HS AF Masters, N. D. Fisher, A. Kalantar, D. Stolken, J. Smith, C. Vignes, R. Burns, S. Doeppner, T. Kritcher, A. Park, H-S BE Storm, E TI Debris and shrapnel assessments for National Ignition Facility targets and diagnostics SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB High-energy laser experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) can create debris and shrapnel capable of damaging laser optics and diagnostic instruments. The size, composition and location of target components and sacrificial shielding (e.g., disposable debris shields, or diagnostic filters) and the protection they provide is constrained by many factors, including: chamber and diagnostic geometries, experimental goals and material considerations. An assessment of the generation, nature and velocity of shrapnel and debris and their potential threats is necessary prior to fielding targets or diagnostics. These assessments may influence target and shielding design, filter configurations and diagnostic selection. This paper will outline the approach used to manage the debris and shrapnel risk associated with NIF targets and diagnostics and present some aspects of two such cases: the Material Strength Rayleigh-Taylor campaign and the Mono Angle Crystal Spectrometer (MACS). C1 [Masters, N. D.; Fisher, A.; Kalantar, D.; Stolken, J.; Smith, C.; Vignes, R.; Burns, S.; Doeppner, T.; Kritcher, A.; Park, H-S] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Masters, ND (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM masters6@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012108 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012108 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300108 ER PT S AU McEvoy, AM Herrmann, HW Kim, Y Zylstra, AB Young, CS Fatherley, VE Lopez, FE Oertel, JA Sedillo, TJ Archuleta, TN Aragonez, RJ Malone, RM Horsfield, CJ Rubery, M Gales, S Leatherland, A Stoeffl, W Johnson, MG Shmayda, WT Batha, SH AF McEvoy, A. M. Herrmann, H. W. Kim, Y. Zylstra, A. B. Young, C. S. Fatherley, V. E. Lopez, F. E. Oertel, J. A. Sedillo, T. J. Archuleta, T. N. Aragonez, R. J. Malone, R. M. Horsfield, C. J. Rubery, M. Gales, S. Leatherland, A. Stoeffl, W. Johnson, M. Gatu Shmayda, W. T. Batha, S. H. BE Storm, E TI Gamma Ray Measurements at OMEGA with the Newest Gas Cherenkov Detector "GCD-3" SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Initial results from the newest Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD-3) are reported demonstrating improved performance over previous GCD iterations. Increased shielding and lengthening of the Cherenkov photon optical path have resulted in a diminished precursor signal with increased temporal separation between the precursor and the primary DT Cherenkov signal. Design changes resulted in a measured GCD-3 sensitivity comparable to GCD-1 at identical 100 psia CO2 operation. All metal gasket seals and pressure vessel certification to 400 psia operation allow for a GCD-3 lower Cherenkov threshold of 1.8 MeV using the fluorinated gas C2F6 as compared to the 6.3 MeV lower limit of GCD-1 and GCD-2. Calibration data will be used to benchmark GEANT4 and ACCEPT detector models. The GCD-3 acts as a prototype for the Super GCD being fielded at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) as part of the National Diagnostics Plan and will be installed at NIF in early 2016. C1 [McEvoy, A. M.; Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y.; Zylstra, A. B.; Young, C. S.; Fatherley, V. E.; Lopez, F. E.; Oertel, J. A.; Sedillo, T. J.; Archuleta, T. N.; Aragonez, R. J.; Batha, S. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Malone, R. M.] Natl Secur Technol, 182 Eastgate Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Horsfield, C. J.; Rubery, M.; Gales, S.; Leatherland, A.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RGR 4PR, Berks, England. [Stoeffl, W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Johnson, M. Gatu] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 167 Albany St 204, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Shmayda, W. T.] Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP McEvoy, AM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ammcevoy@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012109 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012109 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300109 ER PT S AU Moore, AS Prisbrey, S Baker, KL Celliers, PM Fry, J Dittrich, TR Wu, KJJ Kervin, ML Schoff, ME Farrell, M Nikroo, A Hurricane, OA AF Moore, Alastair S. Prisbrey, Shon Baker, Kevin L. Celliers, Peter M. Fry, Jonathan Dittrich, Thomas R. Wu, Kuang-Jen J. kervin, Margaret L. Schoff, Michael E. Farrell, Mike Nikroo, Abbas Hurricane, Omar A. BE Storm, E TI Off-Hugoniot characterization of alternative inertial confinement fusion ablator materials. SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID FACILITY AB The ablation material used during the National Ignition Campaign, a glow discharge polymer (GDP), does not couple as efficiently as simulations indicated to the multiple shock inducing radiation drive environment created by laser power profile [1]. We investigate the performance of two other ablators, boron carbide (B4C) and high-density carbon (HDC) and compare with GDP under the same hohlraum conditions. Ablation performance is determined through measurement of the shock speed produced in planar samples of the ablator subjected to the identical multiple-shock inducing radiation drive environments that are similar to a generic three-shock ignition drive. Simulations are in better agreement with the off-Hugoniot performance of B4C than either HDC or GDP. C1 [Moore, Alastair S.; Prisbrey, Shon; Baker, Kevin L.; Celliers, Peter M.; Fry, Jonathan; Dittrich, Thomas R.; Wu, Kuang-Jen J.; kervin, Margaret L.; Hurricane, Omar A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Schoff, Michael E.; Farrell, Mike; Nikroo, Abbas] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Moore, AS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM alastair.moore@physics.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012038 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012038 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300038 ER PT S AU Murphy, TJ Douglas, MR Fincke, JR Olson, RE Cobble, JA Haines, BM Hamilton, CE Lee, MN Oertel, JA Parra-Vasquez, NAG Randolph, RB Schmidt, DW Shah, RC Smidt, JM Tregillis, IL AF Murphy, T. J. Douglas, M. R. Fincke, J. R. Olson, R. E. Cobble, J. A. Haines, B. M. Hamilton, C. E. Lee, M. N. Oertel, J. A. Parra-Vasquez, N. A. G. Randolph, R. B. Schmidt, D. W. Shah, R. C. Smidt, J. M. Tregillis, I. L. BE Storm, E TI Progress in the development of the MARBLE platform for studying thermonuclear burn in the presence of heterogeneous mix on OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Mix of ablator material into fuel of an ICF capsule adds non-burning material, diluting the fuel and reducing burn. The amount of the reduction is dependent in part on the morphology of the mix. A probability distribution function (PDF) burn model has been developed [6] that utilizes the average concentration of mixed materials as well as the variance in this quantity across cells provided by the BHR turbulent transport model [3] and its revisions [4] to describe the mix in terms of a PDF of concentrations of fuel and ablator material, and provides the burn rate in mixed material. Work is underway to develop the MARBLE ICF platform for use on the National Ignition Facility in experiments to quantify the influence of heterogeneous mix on fusion burn. This platform consists of a plastic (CH) capsule filled with a deuterated plastic foam (CD) with a density of a few tens of milligrams per cubic centimeter, with tritium gas filling the voids in the foam. This capsule will be driven using x-ray drive on NIF, and the resulting shocks will induce turbulent mix that will result in the mixing of deuterium from the foam with the tritium gas. In order to affect the morphology of the mix, engineered foams with voids of diameter up to 100 microns will be utilized. The degree of mix will be determined from the ratio of DT to DD neutron yield. As the mix increases, the yield from reactions between the deuterium of the CD foam with tritium from the gas will increase. The ratio of DT to DD neutrons will be compared to a variation of the PDF burn model that quantifies reactions from initially separated reactants. C1 [Murphy, T. J.; Douglas, M. R.; Fincke, J. R.; Olson, R. E.; Cobble, J. A.; Haines, B. M.; Hamilton, C. E.; Lee, M. N.; Oertel, J. A.; Parra-Vasquez, N. A. G.; Randolph, R. B.; Schmidt, D. W.; Shah, R. C.; Smidt, J. M.; Tregillis, I. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murphy, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tjmurphy@lanl.gov RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014; OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873; Hamilton, Christopher/0000-0002-1605-5992; Haines, Brian/0000-0002-3889-7074 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012072 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012072 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300072 ER PT S AU Olson, RE Leeper, RJ Yi, SA Kline, JL Zylstra, AB Peterson, RR Shah, R Braun, T Biener, J Kozioziemski, BJ Sater, JD Biener, MM Hamza, AV Nikroo, A Hopkins, LB Ho, D LePape, S Meezan, NB AF Olson, R. E. Leeper, R. J. Yi, S. A. Kline, J. L. Zylstra, A. B. Peterson, R. R. Shah, R. Braun, T. Biener, J. Kozioziemski, B. J. Sater, J. D. Biener, M. M. Hamza, A. V. Nikroo, A. Hopkins, L. Berzak Ho, D. LePape, S. Meezan, N. B. BE Storm, E TI Wetted foam liquid fuel ICF target experiments SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB We are developing a new NIF experimental platform that employs wetted foam liquid fuel layer ICF capsules. We will use the liquid fuel layer capsules in a NIF sub-scale experimental campaign to explore the relationship between hot spot convergence ratio (CR) and the predictability of hot spot formation. DT liquid layer ICF capsules allow for flexibility in hot spot CR via the adjustment of the initial cryogenic capsule temperature and, hence, DT vapor density. Our hypothesis is that the predictive capability of hot spot formation is robust and 1D-like for a relatively low CR hot spot (CR similar to 15), but will become less reliable as hot spot CR is increased to CR>20. Simulations indicate that backing off on hot spot CR is an excellent way to reduce capsule instability growth and to improve robustness to low-mode x-ray flux asymmetries. In the initial experiments, we will test our hypothesis by measuring hot spot size, neutron yield, ion temperature, and burn width to infer hot spot pressure and compare to predictions for implosions with hot spot CR's in the range of 12 to 25. Larger scale experiments are also being designed, and we will advance from sub-scale to full-scale NIF experiments to determine if 1D-like behavior at low CR is retained as the scale-size is increased. The long-term objective is to develop a liquid fuel layer ICF capsule platform with robust thermonuclear burn, modest CR, and significant alpha-heating with burn propagation. C1 [Olson, R. E.; Leeper, R. J.; Yi, S. A.; Kline, J. L.; Zylstra, A. B.; Peterson, R. R.; Shah, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Braun, T.; Biener, J.; Kozioziemski, B. J.; Sater, J. D.; Biener, M. M.; Hamza, A. V.; Nikroo, A.; Hopkins, L. Berzak; Ho, D.; LePape, S.; Meezan, N. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Olson, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM reolson@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012042 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012042 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300042 ER PT S AU Pickworth, LA Hammel, BA Smalyuk, VA MacPhee, AG Scott, HA Robey, HF Landen, OL Barrios, MA Regan, SP Schneider, MB Hoppe, M Kohut, T Holunga, D Walters, C Haid, B Dayton, M AF Pickworth, L. A. Hammel, B. A. Smalyuk, V. A. MacPhee, A. G. Scott, H. A. Robey, H. F. Landen, O. L. Barrios, M. A. Regan, S. P. Schneider, M. B. Hoppe, M., Jr. Kohut, T. Holunga, D. Walters, C. Haid, B. Dayton, M. BE Storm, E TI Measurement of inflight shell areal density near peak velocity using a self backlighting technique SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; IMPLOSIONS AB The growth of perturbations in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules can lead to significant variation of inflight shell areal density (rho R), ultimately resulting in poor compression and ablator material mixing into the hotspot. As the capsule is accelerated inward, the perturbation growth results from the initial shock-transit through the shell and then amplification by Rayleigh-Taylor as the shell accelerates inwards. Measurements of rho R perturbations near peak implosion velocity (PV) are essential to our understanding of ICF implosions because they reflect the integrity of the capsule, after the inward acceleration growth is complete, of the actual shell perturbations including native capsule surface roughness and "isolated defects". Quantitative measurements of shell-rho R perturbations in capsules near PV are challenging, requiring a new method with which to radiograph the shell. An innovative method, utilized in this paper, is to use the self-emission from the hotspot to "self-backlight" the shell inflight. However, with nominal capsule fills there is insufficient self-emission for this method until the capsule nears peak compression (PC). We produce a sufficiently bright continuum self-emission backlighter through the addition of a high-Z gas (similar to 1% Ar) to the capsule fill. This provides a significant (similar to 10x) increase in emission at h upsilon similar to 8 keV over nominal fills. "Self backlit" radiographs are obtained for times when the shock is rebounding from the capsule center, expanding out to meet the incoming shell, providing a means to sample the capsule optical density though only one side, as it converges through PV. C1 [Pickworth, L. A.; Hammel, B. A.; Smalyuk, V. A.; MacPhee, A. G.; Scott, H. A.; Robey, H. F.; Landen, O. L.; Barrios, M. A.; Schneider, M. B.; Kohut, T.; Holunga, D.; Walters, C.; Haid, B.; Dayton, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Regan, S. P.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. [Hoppe, M., Jr.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Pickworth, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM pickworth1@llnl.gov OI Pickworth, Louisa/0000-0002-0585-1934 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012044 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012044 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300044 ER PT S AU Radha, PB Hohenberger, M Marshall, FJ Michel, DT Bates, J Boehly, TR Collins, TJB Craxton, RS Delettrez, JA Dixit, SN Edgell, DH Frenje, JA Froula, DH Goncharov, VN Hu, SX Karasik, M Knauer, JP LePape, S Marozas, JA McCrory, RL McKenty, PW Meyerhofer, DD Myatt, JF Obenschein, S Petrasso, RD Regan, SP Rosenberg, MJ Sangster, TC Seka, W Shvydky, A Sio, H Skupsky, S Zylstra, A AF Radha, P. B. Hohenberger, M. Marshall, F. J. Michel, D. T. Bates, J. Boehly, T. R. Collins, T. J. B. Craxton, R. S. Delettrez, J. A. Dixit, S. N. Edgell, D. H. Frenje, J. A. Froula, D. H. Goncharov, V. N. Hu, S. X. Karasik, M. Knauer, J. P. LePape, S. Marozas, J. A. McCrory, R. L. McKenty, P. W. Meyerhofer, D. D. Myatt, J. F. Obenschein, S. Petrasso, R. D. Regan, S. P. Rosenberg, M. J. Sangster, T. C. Seka, W. Shvydky, A. Sio, H. Skupsky, S. Zylstra, A. BE Storm, E TI Polar-direct-drive experiments at the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID SIMULATION; OMEGA AB Polar-direct-drive experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are being used to validate direct-drive-implosion models. Energy coupling and fast-electron preheat are the primary issues being studied in planar and imploding geometries on the NIF. Results from backlit images from implosions indicate that the overall drive is well modeled although some differences remain in the thickness of the imploding shell. Implosion experiments to mitigate cross-beam energy transfer and preheat from two-plasmon decay are planned for the next year. C1 [Radha, P. B.; Hohenberger, M.; Marshall, F. J.; Michel, D. T.; Boehly, T. R.; Collins, T. J. B.; Craxton, R. S.; Delettrez, J. A.; Edgell, D. H.; Froula, D. H.; Goncharov, V. N.; Hu, S. X.; Knauer, J. P.; Marozas, J. A.; McCrory, R. L.; McKenty, P. W.; Myatt, J. F.; Regan, S. P.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Sangster, T. C.; Seka, W.; Shvydky, A.; Skupsky, S.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Bates, J.; Karasik, M.; Obenschein, S.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dixit, S. N.; LePape, S.] Lawrence Livermore Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Frenje, J. A.; Petrasso, R. D.; Sio, H.; Zylstra, A.] MIT, Plasma Fus Sci Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Meyerhofer, D. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Radha, PB (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM rbah@lle.rochester.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012009 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300009 ER PT S AU Robey, HF Smalyuk, VA Milovich, JL Doppner, T Casey, DT Baker, KL Peterson, JL Bachmann, B Hopkins, LFB Bond, E Caggiano, JA Callahan, DA Celliers, PM Cerjan, C Clark, DS Dixit, SN Edwards, MJ Gharibyan, N Haan, SW Hammel, BA Hamza, AV Hatarik, R Hurricane, OA Jancaitis, KS Jones, OS Kerbel, GD Kroll, JJ Lafortune, KN Landen, OL Ma, T Marinak, MM MacGowan, BJ MacPhee, AG Pak, A Patel, M Patel, PK Perkins, LJ Sayre, DB Sepke, SM Spears, BK Tommasini, R Weber, CR Widmayer, CC Yeamans, C Giraldez, E Hoover, D Nikroo, A Hohenberger, M Johnson, MG AF Robey, H. F. Smalyuk, V. A. Milovich, J. L. Doppner, T. Casey, D. T. Baker, K. L. Peterson, J. L. Bachmann, B. Hopkins, L. F. Berzak Bond, E. Caggiano, J. A. Callahan, D. A. Celliers, P. M. Cerjan, C. Clark, D. S. Dixit, S. N. Edwards, M. J. Gharibyan, N. Haan, S. W. Hammel, B. A. Hamza, A. V. Hatarik, R. Hurricane, O. A. Jancaitis, K. S. Jones, O. S. Kerbel, G. D. Kroll, J. J. Lafortune, K. N. Landen, O. L. Ma, T. Marinak, M. M. MacGowan, B. J. MacPhee, A. G. Pak, A. Patel, M. Patel, P. K. Perkins, L. J. Sayre, D. B. Sepke, S. M. Spears, B. K. Tommasini, R. Weber, C. R. Widmayer, C. C. Yeamans, C. Giraldez, E. Hoover, D. Nikroo, A. Hohenberger, M. Johnson, M. Gatu BE Storm, E TI Performance of indirectly driven capsule implosions on NIF using adiabat-shaping SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB A series of indirectly driven capsule implosions has been performed on the National Ignition Facility to assess the relative contributions of ablation-front instability growth vs. fuel compression on implosion performance. Laser pulse shapes for both low and high-foot pulses were modified to vary ablation-front growth & fuel adiabat, separately and controllably. Two principal conclusions are drawn from this study: 1) It is shown that an increase in laser picket energy reduces ablation-front instability growth in low-foot implosions resulting in a substantial (3-10X) increase in neutron yield with no loss of fuel compression. 2.) It is shown that a decrease in laser trough power reduces the fuel adiabat in high-foot implosions results in a significant (36%) increase in fuel compression together with no reduction in neutron yield. These results taken collectively bridge the space between the higher compression low-foot results and the higher yield high-foot results. C1 [Robey, H. F.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Milovich, J. L.; Doppner, T.; Casey, D. T.; Baker, K. L.; Peterson, J. L.; Bachmann, B.; Hopkins, L. F. Berzak; Bond, E.; Caggiano, J. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Celliers, P. M.; Cerjan, C.; Clark, D. S.; Dixit, S. N.; Edwards, M. J.; Gharibyan, N.; Haan, S. W.; Hammel, B. A.; Hamza, A. V.; Hatarik, R.; Hurricane, O. A.; Jancaitis, K. S.; Jones, O. S.; Kerbel, G. D.; Kroll, J. J.; Lafortune, K. N.; Landen, O. L.; Ma, T.; Marinak, M. M.; MacGowan, B. J.; MacPhee, A. G.; Pak, A.; Patel, M.; Patel, P. K.; Perkins, L. J.; Sayre, D. B.; Sepke, S. M.; Spears, B. K.; Tommasini, R.; Weber, C. R.; Widmayer, C. C.; Yeamans, C.; Nikroo, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Giraldez, E.; Hoover, D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Hohenberger, M.] Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Johnson, M. Gatu] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Robey, HF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM robey1@llnl.gov RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012045 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012045 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300045 ER PT S AU Sacks, R Tipton, R Graziani, F AF Sacks, Ryan Tipton, Robert Graziani, Frank BE Storm, E TI Proposed pushered single shell capsule design for the investigation of mid/high Z mix on the NIF SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB The CD Mix campaign has given a detailed explination of the mix mechanics in the current ignition capsule designs by investigating the relationship between material mixing, shell-fuel interfaces, and the change in thermonuclear yield given a deuterated layer in the capsule. Alternative ignition scenarios include the use of double shell designs that incorporate high-Z material in the capsule. Simulations are conducted on a proposed capsule platform using the ARES code on a scaled capsule design using a partially reduced glass capsule design. This allows for the inclusion of deuterium on the inner surface of the pusher layer similar to the CD mix experiments. The presence of silicon dioxide allows for the investigation of the influence of higher Z material on the mixing characteristics. C1 [Sacks, Ryan; Tipton, Robert; Graziani, Frank] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sacks, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sacks2@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012076 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012076 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300076 ER PT S AU Sawada, H Fujioka, S Hosoda, T Zhang, Z Arikawa, Y Nagatomo, H Nishimura, H Sunahara, A Theobald, W Patel, PK Beg, FN AF Sawada, H. Fujioka, S. Hosoda, T. Zhang, Z. Arikawa, Y. Nagatomo, H. Nishimura, H. Sunahara, A. Theobald, W. Patel, P. K. Beg, F. N. BE Storm, E TI Development of 4.5 keV monochromatic X-ray radiography using the high-energy, picosecond LFEX laser SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID IGNITION; FUSION; PLASMA; GAIN AB Development of a monochromatic x-ray imaging system using a high-energy short-pulse laser LFEX and a spherical crystal is reported. Irradiation of the intense short-pulse laser produces a flash of 4.51 keV Ti K-alpha x-ray while the spherically bent quartz crystal provides a narrow spectral bandwidth and high spatial resolution. This high spatiotemporal imaging technique was applied for recording 2-D monochromatic x-ray images of laser-driven Fast Ignition targets. The results show a sufficiently high spatial resolution to characterize the implosion core, suggesting that the core information extracted from the radiograph images can be used to benchmark a 2-D radiation-hydrodynamic code for accurate hydrodynamic modelling and optimization of FI fuel assembly in the asymmetrical implosion. C1 [Sawada, H.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89577 USA. [Fujioka, S.; Hosoda, T.; Zhang, Z.; Arikawa, Y.; Nagatomo, H.; Nishimura, H.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Sunahara, A.] Inst Laser Technol, Nishi Ku, Osaka 5500004, Japan. [Theobald, W.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Patel, P. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Beg, F. N.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sawada, H (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89577 USA. EM hsawada@unr.edu RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Nishimura, Hiroaki/I-4908-2015; OI Sawada, Hiroshi/0000-0002-7972-9894 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012112 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012112 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300112 ER PT S AU Schmitt, MJ Herrmann, HW Kim, YH McEvoy, AM Zylstra, A Hammel, BA Sepke, SM Leatherland, A Gales, S AF Schmitt, M. J. Herrmann, H. W. Kim, Y. H. McEvoy, A. M. Zylstra, A. Hammel, B. A. Sepke, S. M. Leatherland, A. Gales, S. BE Storm, E TI Using HT and DT gamma rays to diagnose mix in Omega capsule implosions SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Experimental evidence [1] indicates that shell material can be driven into the core of Omega capsule implosions on the same time scale as the initial convergent shock. It has been hypothesized that shock-generated temperatures at the fuel/shell interface in thin exploding pusher capsules diffusively drives shell material into the gas core between the time of shock passage and bang time. We propose a method to temporally resolve and observe the evolution of shell material into the capsule core as a function of fuel/shell interface temperature (which can be varied by varying the capsule shell thickness). Our proposed method uses a CD plastic capsule filled with 50/50 HT gas and diagnosed using gas Cherenkov detection (GCD) to temporally resolve both the HT "clean" and DT "mix" gamma ray burn histories. Simulations using Hydra [2] for an Omega CD-lined capsule with a sub-micron layer of the inside surface of the shell pre-mixed into a fraction of the gas region produce gamma reaction history profiles that are sensitive to the depth to which this material is mixed. An experiment to observe these differences as a function of capsule shell thickness is proposed to determine if interface mixing is consistent with thermal diffusion lambda(ii)similar to T-2/Z(2)rho at the gas/shell interface. Since hydrodynamic mixing from shell perturbations, such as the mounting stalk and glue, could complicate these types of capsule-averaged temporal measurements, simulations including their effects also have been performed showing minimal perturbation of the hot spot geometry. C1 [Schmitt, M. J.; Herrmann, H. W.; Kim, Y. H.; McEvoy, A. M.; Zylstra, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hammel, B. A.; Sepke, S. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Leatherland, A.; Gales, S.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Schmitt, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F699, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mjs@lanl.gov OI Schmitt, Mark/0000-0002-0197-9180 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012048 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012048 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300048 ER PT S AU Schneider, MB MacLaren, SA Widmann, K Meezan, NB Hammer, JH Yoxall, BE Bell, PM Bradley, DK Callahan, DA Edwards, MJ Guymer, TM Hinkel, DE Hsing, WW Kervin, ML Landen, OL Moody, JD Moore, AS Palmer, NE Teruya, AT AF Schneider, M. B. MacLaren, S. A. Widmann, K. Meezan, N. B. Hammer, J. H. Yoxall, B. E. Bell, P. M. Bradley, D. K. Callahan, D. A. Edwards, M. J. Guymer, T. M. Hinkel, D. E. Hsing, W. W. Kervin, M. L. Landen, O. L. Moody, J. D. Moore, A. S. Palmer, N. E. Teruya, A. T. BE Storm, E TI Images of the gold bubble feature in NIF Gas-Filled Ignition Hohlraums SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID FACILITY; TARGETS AB The ViewFactor experiments at the National Ignition Facility use a truncated hohlraum to allow excellent diagnostic views of the interior of the hohlraum. Time-integrated, hard x-ray (3- 5 keV) images show the region where the laser deposits its energy at peak power. These images show a three-dimensional structure in the region where the outer beams deposit their energy (the "gold bubble") which varies with pulse shape and cross beam energy transfer. The images from two-dimensional simulations have similar trends but show some discrepancies. C1 [Schneider, M. B.; MacLaren, S. A.; Widmann, K.; Meezan, N. B.; Hammer, J. H.; Yoxall, B. E.; Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Callahan, D. A.; Edwards, M. J.; Hinkel, D. E.; Hsing, W. W.; Kervin, M. L.; Landen, O. L.; Moody, J. D.; Moore, A. S.; Palmer, N. E.; Teruya, A. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Guymer, T. M.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. RP Schneider, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schneider5@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012049 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300049 ER PT S AU Seidl, PA Barnard, JJ Davidson, RC Friedman, A Gilson, EP Grote, D Ji, Q Kaganovich, ID Persaud, A Waldron, WL Schenkel, T AF Seidl, P. A. Barnard, J. J. Davidson, R. C. Friedman, A. Gilson, E. P. Grote, D. Ji, Q. Kaganovich, I. D. Persaud, A. Waldron, W. L. Schenkel, T. BE Storm, E TI Short-pulse, compressed ion beams at the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID INTENSE AB We have commenced experiments with intense short pulses of ion beams on the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX-II) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, with 1-mm beam spot size within 2.5 ns full-width at half maximum. The ion kinetic energy is 1.2 MeV. To enable the short pulse duration and mm-scale focal spot radius, the beam is neutralized in a 1.5-meter-long drift compression section following the last accelerator cell. A short-focal-length solenoid focuses the beam in the presence of the volumetric plasma that is near the target. In the accelerator, the line-charge density increases due to the velocity ramp imparted on the beam bunch. The scientific topics to be explored are warm dense matter, the dynamics of radiation damage in materials, and intense beam and beam-plasma physics including select topics of relevance to the development of heavy-ion drivers for inertial fusion energy. Below the transition to melting, the short beam pulses offer an opportunity to study the multi-scale dynamics of radiation-induced damage in materials with pump-probe experiments, and to stabilize novel metastable phases of materials when short-pulse heating is followed by rapid quenching. First experiments used a lithium ion source; a new plasma-based helium ion source shows much greater charge delivered to the target. C1 [Seidl, P. A.; Ji, Q.; Persaud, A.; Waldron, W. L.; Schenkel, T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barnard, J. J.; Friedman, A.; Grote, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Davidson, R. C.; Gilson, E. P.; Kaganovich, I. D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Seidl, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM PASeidl@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012079 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012079 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300079 ER PT S AU Shaughnessy, DA Gharibyan, N Moody, KJ Despotopulos, JD Grant, PM Yeamans, CB Hopkins, LB Cerjan, CJ Schneider, DHG Faye, S AF Shaughnessy, D. A. Gharibyan, N. Moody, K. J. Despotopulos, J. D. Grant, P. M. Yeamans, C. B. Hopkins, L. Berzak Cerjan, C. J. Schneider, D. H. G. Faye, S. BE Storm, E TI Nuclear science research with dynamic high energy density plasmas at NIF SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Nuclear reaction measurements are performed at the National Ignition Facility in a high energy density plasma environment by adding target materials to the outside of the hohlraum thermo-mechanical package on an indirect-drive exploding pusher shot. Materials are activated with 14.1-MeV neutrons and the post-shot debris is collected via the Solid Radiochemistry diagnostic, which consists of metal discs fielded 50 cm from target chamber center. The discs are removed post-shot and analyzed via radiation counting and mass spectrometry. Results from a shot using Nd and Tm foils as targets are presented, which indicate enhanced collection of the debris in the line of sight of a given collector. The capsule performance was not diminished due to the extra material. This provides a platform for future measurements of nuclear reaction data through the use of experimental packages mounted external to the hohlraum. C1 [Shaughnessy, D. A.; Gharibyan, N.; Moody, K. J.; Despotopulos, J. D.; Grant, P. M.; Yeamans, C. B.; Hopkins, L. Berzak; Cerjan, C. J.; Schneider, D. H. G.; Faye, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Faye, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shaughnessy, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM shaughnessy2@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012080 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012080 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300080 ER PT S AU Smalyuk, VA Weber, SV Casey, D Clark, DS Coppari, F Field, JE Haan, SW Hammel, BA Hamza, A Hsing, W Landen, O Nikroo, A Robey, HF Weber, CR AF Smalyuk, V. A. Weber, S. V. Casey, D. Clark, D. S. Coppari, F. Field, J. E. Haan, S. W. Hammel, B. A. Hamza, A. Hsing, W. Landen, O. Nikroo, A. Robey, H. F. Weber, C. R. BE Storm, E TI Hydrodynamic growth experiments with the 3-D, "native-roughness" modulations on NIF SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Hydrodynamic instability growth experiments with three-dimensional (3-D) surface-roughness modulations were performed on plastic (CH) shell spherical implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The initial capsule outer-surface roughness was similar to the standard specifications ("native roughness") used in a majority of implosions on NIF. At a convergence ratio of similar to 3, the measured tent modulations were close to those predicted by 3-D simulations (within similar to 15-20%), while measured 3-D, broadband modulations were similar to 3-4 times larger than those simulated based on the growth of the known imposed initial surface modulations. One of the hypotheses to explain the results is based on the increased instability amplitudes due to modulations of the oxygen content in the bulk of the capsule. These new experiments results have prompted looking for ways to reduce UV light exposure during target fabrication. C1 [Smalyuk, V. A.; Weber, S. V.; Casey, D.; Clark, D. S.; Coppari, F.; Field, J. E.; Haan, S. W.; Hammel, B. A.; Hamza, A.; Hsing, W.; Landen, O.; Nikroo, A.; Robey, H. F.; Weber, C. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smalyuk, VA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012052 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012052 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300052 ER PT S AU Solodov, AA Rosenberg, MJ Myatt, JF Epstein, R Regan, SP Seka, W Shaw, J Hohenberger, M Bates, JW Moody, JD Ralph, JE Turnbull, DP Barrios, MA AF Solodov, A. A. Rosenberg, M. J. Myatt, J. F. Epstein, R. Regan, S. P. Seka, W. Shaw, J. Hohenberger, M. Bates, J. W. Moody, J. D. Ralph, J. E. Turnbull, D. P. Barrios, M. A. BE Storm, E TI Hydrodynamic simulations of long-scale-length plasmas for two-plasmon-decay planar-target experiments on the NIF SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB The two-plasmon-decay (TPD) instability can be detrimental for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion because it generates high-energy electrons that can preheat the target, thereby reducing target performance. Hydrodynamic simulations to design a new experimental platform to investigate TPD and other laser-plasma instabilities relevant to direct-drive-ignition implosions at the National Ignition Facility are presented. The proposed experiments utilize planar plastic targets with an embedded Mo layer to characterize generation of hot electrons through Mo K-alpha fluorescence and hard x-ray emission. Different laser-irradiation geometries approximate conditions near both the equator and the pole of a polar-direct-drive implosion. C1 [Solodov, A. A.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Myatt, J. F.; Epstein, R.; Regan, S. P.; Seka, W.; Shaw, J.; Hohenberger, M.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Bates, J. W.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Moody, J. D.; Ralph, J. E.; Turnbull, D. P.; Barrios, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Solodov, AA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 East River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM asol@lle.rochester.edu NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012053 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012053 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300053 ER PT S AU Srinivasan, B Kagan, G Adams, CS AF Srinivasan, B. Kagan, G. Adams, C. S. BE Storm, E TI Multi-fluid studies of plasma shocks relevant to inertial confinement fusion SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID WAVE AB Results from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments performed at the Omega laser facility suggest the potential role of kinetic effects in plasmas during implosion. Recent theoretical and numerical work has indicated the importance of diffusion effects in the presence of multiple ion species as well as the importance of ion viscosity. This provides the motivation to adequately develop multi-fluid plasma models capable of capturing kinetic physics including concentration diffusion and ion species separation driven by the ion concentration gradient, the ion pressure gradient, the electron and ion temperature gradients, and the electric field. Benchmarks between the newly developed code and analytical results are presented for multi-fluid plasma shocks. C1 [Srinivasan, B.; Adams, C. S.] Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Srinivasan, B.; Kagan, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Srinivasan, B (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Aerosp & Ocean Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.; Srinivasan, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM srinbhu@vt.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012054 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012054 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300054 ER PT S AU Sterne, PA Benedict, LX Hamel, S Correa, AA Milovich, JL Marinak, MM Celliers, PM Fratanduono, DE AF Sterne, P. A. Benedict, L. X. Hamel, S. Correa, A. A. Milovich, J. L. Marinak, M. M. Celliers, P. M. Fratanduono, D. E. BE Storm, E TI Equations of State for Ablator Materials in Inertial Confinement Fusion Simulations SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB We discuss the development of the tabular equation of state (EOS) models for ablator materials in current use at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in simulations of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at the National Ignition Facility. We illustrate the methods with a review of current models for ablator materials and discuss some of the challenges in performing hydrocode simulations with high-fidelity multiphase models. We stress the importance of experimental data, as well as the utility of ab initio electronic structure calculations, in regions where data is not currently available. We illustrate why Hugoniot data alone is not sufficient to constrain the EOS models. These cases illustrate the importance of experimental EOS data in multi-megabar regimes, and the vital role they play in the development and validation of EOS models for ICF simulations. C1 [Sterne, P. A.; Benedict, L. X.; Hamel, S.; Correa, A. A.; Milovich, J. L.; Marinak, M. M.; Celliers, P. M.; Fratanduono, D. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sterne, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM sterne1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012082 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012082 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300082 ER PT S AU Van Wonterghem, BM Kauffman, RL Larson, DW Herrmann, MC AF Van Wonterghem, B. M. Kauffman, R. L. Larson, D. W. Herrmann, M. C. BE Storm, E TI Status and progress of the National Ignition Facility as ICF and HED user facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Since its completion in 2009, the National Ignition Facility has been operated in support of NNSA's Stockpile Stewardship mission, providing unique experimental data in the high energy density regime. We will describe the progress made by the National Ignition facility in the user office and management, facility capabilities, target diagnostics and diagnostics development. We will also discuss the results of a major effort to increase the shot rate on NIF. An extensive set of projects, developed in conjunction with the HED community and drawing on best practices at other facilities, improved shot rate by over 80% and recently enabled us to deliver 356 target experiments in FY15 in support of the users. Through an updated experimental set-up and review process, computer controlled set-up of the laser and diagnostics and disciplined operations, NIF also continued to deliver experimental reliability, precision and repeatability. New and complex platforms are introduced with a high success rate. Finally we discuss how new capabilities and further efficiency improvements will enable the successful execution of ICF and HED experimental programs required to support the quest for Ignition and the broader Science Based Stockpile Stewardship mission C1 [Van Wonterghem, B. M.; Kauffman, R. L.; Larson, D. W.; Herrmann, M. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Wonterghem, BM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vanwonterghem1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012085 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012085 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300085 ER PT S AU Vignes, RM Ahmed, MF Eggert, JH Fisher, AC Kalantar, DH Masters, ND Smith, CA Smith, RF AF Vignes, R. M. Ahmed, M. F. Eggert, J. H. Fisher, A. C. Kalantar, D. H. Masters, N. D. Smith, C. A. Smith, R. F. BE Storm, E TI TARDIS-C: A target diagnostic for measuring material structure at high pressure SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB A goal of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is to better understand solid matter behavior at extreme conditions. Diagnostic tools such as the Target Diffraction In-Situ (TARDIS) have been designed to record data of solid material compressed to tens of Mbars over short time scales. NIF drive beams (similar to 420 kJ) heat a carefully designed ablator to ramp compress the target to high pressure. A backlighter produces an x-ray source which is diffracted onto image plates through the compressed target. An unimpeded optical path allows Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) measurements to be recorded as the compression wave progresses through the target. To reduce the VISAR blast shield's exposure to debris and minimize contamination of the NIF chamber, a transparent barrier has been designed to contain debris within the TARDIS body. C1 [Vignes, R. M.; Ahmed, M. F.; Eggert, J. H.; Fisher, A. C.; Kalantar, D. H.; Masters, N. D.; Smith, C. A.; Smith, R. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vignes, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM vignes2@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012115 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012115 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300115 ER PT S AU Vold, E Joglekar, A Ortega, M Moll, R Fenn, D Molvig, K AF Vold, E. Joglekar, A. Ortega, M. Moll, R. Fenn, D. Molvig, K. BE Storm, E TI Plasma viscosity in spherical ICF implosion simulations SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) hydrodynamic codes often ignore the effects of viscosity though recent research indicates plasma viscosity and mixing by classical transport processes may have a substantial impact on implosion dynamics. A Lagrangian hydrodynamic code in one-dimensional spherical geometry with plasma viscosity and mass transport, and including a three temperature model for ions, electrons, and radiation treated in a gray radiation diffusion approximation, is used to study differences between ICF implosions with and without plasma viscosity and to examine the role of artificial viscosity in a Lagrangian implosion simulation. It was found that plasma viscosity has substantial impacts on ICF shock dynamics characterized by shock burn timing, maximum burn temperatures, fuel compression, and time history of neutron production rates. Plasma viscosity reduces the need for artificial viscosity to maintain numerical stability in the Lagrangian formulation and this study suggests that artificial viscosity may provide an unphysical stability in implosion simulations. C1 [Vold, E.; Molvig, K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Joglekar, A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ortega, M.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Moll, R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fenn, D.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Vold, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM elv@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012056 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012056 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300056 ER PT S AU Weber, C Doppner, T Casey, D Bunn, T Carlson, L Dylla-Spears, R Kozioziemski, B MacPhee, AG Sater, J Nikroo, A Robey, H Smalyuk, V AF Weber, C. Doppner, T. Casey, D. Bunn, T. Carlson, L. Dylla-Spears, R. Kozioziemski, B. MacPhee, A. G. Sater, J. Nikroo, A. Robey, H. Smalyuk, V. BE Storm, E TI Hydrodynamic instability measurements in DT-layered ICF capsules using the layered-HGR platform SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB The first measurements of hydrodynamic instability growth at the fuel-ablator interface in an ICF implosion are reported. Previous instability measurements on the National Ignition Facility have used plastic capsules to measure ablation front Rayleigh-Taylor growth with the Hydro.-Growth Radiography (HGR) platform. These capsules substituted an additional thickness of plastic ablator material in place of the cryogenic layer of Deuterium Tritium (DT) fuel. The present experiments are the first to include a DT ice layer, which enables measurements of the instability growth occurring at the fuel-ablator interface. Instability growth at the fuel-ablator interface is seeded differently in two independent NIF experiments. In the first case, a perturbation on the outside of the capsule feeds through and grows on the interface. Comparisons to an implosion without a fuel layer produce a measure of the fuel's modulation. In the second case, a modulation was directly machined on the inner ablator before the fuel layer was added. The measurement of growth in these two scenarios are compared to 2D rad-hydro modeling. C1 [Weber, C.; Doppner, T.; Casey, D.; Bunn, T.; Dylla-Spears, R.; Kozioziemski, B.; MacPhee, A. G.; Sater, J.; Nikroo, A.; Robey, H.; Smalyuk, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Carlson, L.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Weber, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM weber30@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012057 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012057 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300057 ER PT S AU Wilson, DC Yi, SA Simakov, AN Kline, JL Kyrala, GA Dewald, EL Tommasini, R Ralph, JE Olson, RE Strozzi, DJ Celliers, PM Schneider, MB MacPhee, AG Zylstra, AB Callahan, DA Hurricane, OA Milovich, JL Hinkel, DE Rygg, JR Rinderknecht, HG Sio, H Perry, TS Batha, S AF Wilson, D. C. Yi, S. A. Simakov, A. N. Kline, J. L. Kyrala, G. A. Dewald, E. L. Tommasini, R. Ralph, J. E. Olson, R. E. Strozzi, D. J. Celliers, P. M. Schneider, M. B. MacPhee, A. G. Zylstra, A. B. Callahan, D. A. Hurricane, O. A. Milovich, J. L. Hinkel, D. E. Rygg, J. R. Rinderknecht, H. G. Sio, H. Perry, T. S. Batha, S. BE Storm, E TI X-ray drive of beryllium capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California AB National Ignition Facility experiments with beryllium capsules have followed a path begun with "high-foot" plastic capsule implosions. Three shock timing keyhole targets, one symmetry capsule, a streaked backlit capsule, and a 2D backlit capsule were fielded before the DT layered shot. After backscatter subtraction, laser drive degradation is needed to match observed X-ray drives. VISAR measurements determined drive degradation for the picket, trough, and second pulse. Time dependence of the total Dante flux reflects degradation of the of the third laser pulse. The same drive degradation that matches Dante data for three beryllium shots matches Dante and bangtimes for plastic shots N130501 and N130812. In the picket of both Be and CH hohlraums, calculations over-estimate the x-ray flux > 1.8 keV by similar to 100X, while calculating the total flux correctly. In beryllium calculations these X-rays cause an early expansion of the beryllium/fuel interface at similar to 3 km/s. VISAR measurements gave only similar to 0.3 km/s. The X-ray drive on the Be DT capsule was further degraded by an unplanned decrease of 9% in the total picket flux. This small change caused the fuel adiabat to rise from 1.8 to 2.3. The first NIF beryllium DT implosion achieved 29% of calculated yield, compared to CH capsules with 68% and 21%. C1 [Wilson, D. C.; Yi, S. A.; Simakov, A. N.; Kline, J. L.; Kyrala, G. A.; Olson, R. E.; Zylstra, A. B.; Perry, T. S.; Batha, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dewald, E. L.; Tommasini, R.; Ralph, J. E.; Strozzi, D. J.; Celliers, P. M.; Schneider, M. B.; MacPhee, A. G.; Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.; Milovich, J. L.; Hinkel, D. E.; Rygg, J. R.; Rinderknecht, H. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Sio, H.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dcw@lanl.gov RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009; OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565; Simakov, Andrei/0000-0001-7064-9153 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012058 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012058 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300058 ER PT S AU Yeamans, CB Cassata, WS Church, JA Fittinghoff, DN Johnson, MG Gharibyan, N Hatarik, R Sayre, DB Sio, HW Bionta, RM Bleuel, DL Caggiano, JA Cerjan, CJ Cooper, GW Eckart, MJ Edwards, ER Faye, SA Forrest, CJ Frenje, JA Glebov, VY Grant, PM Grim, GP Hartouni, EP Herrmann, HW Kilkenny, JD Knauer, JP Mackinnon, AJ Merrill, FE Moody, KJ Moran, MJ Petrasso, RD Phillips, TW Rinderknecht, HG Schneider, DHG Sepke, SM Shaughnessy, DA Stoeffl, W Velsko, CA Volegov, P AF Yeamans, C. B. Cassata, W. S. Church, J. A. Fittinghoff, D. N. Johnson, M. Gatu Gharibyan, N. Hatarik, R. Sayre, D. B. Sio, H. W. Bionta, R. M. Bleuel, D. L. Caggiano, J. A. Cerjan, C. J. Cooper, G. W. Eckart, M. J. Edwards, E. R. Faye, S. A. Forrest, C. J. Frenje, J. A. Glebov, V. Yu Grant, P. M. Grim, G. P. Hartouni, E. P. Herrmann, H. W. Kilkenny, J. D. Knauer, J. P. Mackinnon, A. J. Merrill, F. E. Moody, K. J. Moran, M. J. Petrasso, R. D. Phillips, T. W. Rinderknecht, H. G. Schneider, D. H. G. Sepke, S. M. Shaughnessy, D. A. Stoeffl, W. Velsko, C. A. Volegov, P. BE Storm, E TI Nuclear Diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility, 2013-2015 SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID YIELD; SYSTEM AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) relies on a suite of nuclear diagnostics to measure the neutronic output of experiments. Neutron time-of-flight (NTOF) and neutron activation diagnostics (NAD) provide performance metrics of absolute neutron yield and neutron spectral content: spectral width and non-thermal content, from which implosion physical quantities of temperature and scattering mass are inferred. Spatially-distributed flangemounted NADs (FNAD) measure, with nearly identical systematic uncertainties, primary DT neutron emission to infer a whole-sky neutron field. An automated FNAD system is being developed. A magnetic recoil spectrometer (MRS) shares few systematics with comparable NTOF and NAD devices, and as such is deployed for independent measurement of the primary neutronic quantities. The gas-Cherenkov Gamma Reaction History (GRH) instrument records four energy channels of time-resolved gamma emission to measure nuclear bang time and burn width, as well as to infer carbon areal density in experiments utilizing plastic or diamond capsules. A neutron imaging system (NIS) takes two images of the neutron source, typically gated to create coregistered 13-15 MeV primary and 6-12 MeV downscattered images. The radiochemical analysis of gaseous samples (RAGS) instrument pumps target chamber gas to a chemical reaction and fractionation system configured with gamma counters, allowing measurement of radionuclides with half-lives as short as 8 seconds. Solid radiochemistry collectors (SRC) with backing NAD foils collect target debris, where activated materials from the target assembly are used as indicators of neutron spectrum content, and also serve as the primary diagnostic for nuclear forensic science experiments. Particle time-of-flight (PTOF) measures compression-bang time using DT- or DD-neutrons, as well as shock bang-time using (DHe)-He-3-protons for implosions with lower x-ray background. In concert, these diagnostics serve to measure the basic and advanced quantities required to understand NIF experimental results. C1 [Yeamans, C. B.; Cassata, W. S.; Church, J. A.; Fittinghoff, D. N.; Gharibyan, N.; Hatarik, R.; Sayre, D. B.; Bionta, R. M.; Bleuel, D. L.; Caggiano, J. A.; Cerjan, C. J.; Eckart, M. J.; Grant, P. M.; Grim, G. P.; Hartouni, E. P.; Mackinnon, A. J.; Moody, K. J.; Moran, M. J.; Phillips, T. W.; Rinderknecht, H. G.; Schneider, D. H. G.; Sepke, S. M.; Shaughnessy, D. A.; Stoeffl, W.; Velsko, C. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kilkenny, J. D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [Herrmann, H. W.; Merrill, F. E.; Volegov, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Johnson, M. Gatu; Sio, H. W.; Frenje, J. A.; Petrasso, R. D.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Edwards, E. R.; Faye, S. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Edwards, E. R.; Faye, S. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cooper, G. W.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Forrest, C. J.; Glebov, V. Yu] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY USA. RP Yeamans, CB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM yeamans1@llnl.gov NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012117 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012117 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300117 ER PT S AU Zylstra, AB Frenje, JA Grabowski, PE Li, CK Collins, GW Fitzsimmons, P Glenzer, S Graziani, F Hansen, SB Hu, SX Johnson, MG Keiter, P Reynolds, H Rygg, JR Seguin, FH Petrasso, RD AF Zylstra, A. B. Frenje, J. A. Grabowski, P. E. Li, C. K. Collins, G. W. Fitzsimmons, P. Glenzer, S. Graziani, F. Hansen, S. B. Hu, S. X. Johnson, M. Gatu Keiter, P. Reynolds, H. Rygg, J. R. Seguin, F. H. Petrasso, R. D. BE Storm, E TI Development of a WDM platform for charged-particle stopping experiments SO 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INERTIAL FUSION SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS (IFSA 2015) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and Applications (IFSA) CY SEP 20-25, 2015 CL Univ California, Seattle, WA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Lasers & Plasmas, Inst Laser Engn, Los Alamos Natl Lab, LCLS, NIF&PS, Phys & Life Sci, UR LLE, Sandia Natl Lab HO Univ California ID PLASMAS AB A platform has been developed for generating large and relatively quiescent plasmas in the warm-dense matter (WDM) regime on the OMEGA laser facility. A cylindrical geometry is used to allow charged-particle probing along the axis. The plasma heating is radiative by L-shell emission generated on the outside of the cylinder. The cylinder drive is characterized with x-ray diagnostics. Possibilities for direct characterization of the plasma temperature are discussed. Finally, the unimportance of electromagnetic fields around the target is demonstrated with proton radiography. We expect this platform to be used extensively in future experiments studying charged-particle stopping in this regime. C1 [Zylstra, A. B.; Frenje, J. A.; Li, C. K.; Johnson, M. Gatu; Seguin, F. H.; Petrasso, R. D.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zylstra, A. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Grabowski, P. E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Collins, G. W.; Graziani, F.; Rygg, J. R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Glenzer, S.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Glenzer, S.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hansen, S. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hu, S. X.] Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Keiter, P.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zylstra, AB (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; Zylstra, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM zylstra@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 717 AR UNSP 012118 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/717/1/012118 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BG2ZB UT WOS:000387785300118 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Rajamanickam, S Sid-Lakhdar, WM AF Davis, Timothy A. Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran Sid-Lakhdar, Wissam M. TI A survey of direct methods for sparse linear systems SO ACTA NUMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES PROBLEMS; OUT-OF-CORE; DEGREE ORDERING ALGORITHM; MINIMUM-DEGREE ALGORITHM; DISTRIBUTED-MEMORY MULTIPROCESSORS; SYMBOLIC CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION; NESTED DISSECTION ALGORITHM; PATTERN MULTIFRONTAL METHOD; POSITIVE-DEFINITE SYSTEMS; FINITE-ELEMENT SYSTEMS AB Wilkinson defined a sparse matrix as one with enough zeros that it pays to take advantage of them. 1 This informal yet practical definition captures the essence of the goal of direct methods for solving sparse matrix problems. They exploit the sparsity of a matrix to solve problems economically: much faster and using far less memory than if all the entries of a matrix were stored and took part in explicit computations. These methods form the backbone of a wide range of problems in computational science. A glimpse of the breadth of applications relying on sparse solvers can be seen in the origins of matrices in published matrix benchmark collections (Duff and Reid 1979 a, Duff, Grimes and Lewis 1989 a, Davis and Hu 2011). The goal of this survey article is to impart a working knowledge of the underlying theory and practice of sparse direct methods for solving linear systems and least-squares problems, and to provide an overview of the algorithms, data structures, and software available to solve these problems, so that the reader can both understand the methods and know how best to use them. C1 [Davis, Timothy A.; Sid-Lakhdar, Wissam M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM davis@tamu.edu; srajama@sandia.gov; wissam@tamu.edu FU National Science Foundation; Texas AM University; Sandia; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX We would like to thank Iain Duff for his comments on a draft of this paper. Portions of this work were supported by the National Science Foundation, Texas A&M University, and Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. We would like to thank SIAM for their permission to use material for this paper from Davis's book, Direct Methods for Sparse Linear Systems, SIAM (2006). NR 602 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0962-4929 EI 1474-0508 J9 ACTA NUMER JI Acta Numer. PY 2016 VL 25 BP 383 EP 566 DI 10.1017/S0962492916000076 PG 184 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA DX9PD UT WOS:000384726700004 ER PT B AU Elliott, DC AF Elliott, Douglas C. BE Lund, PD Byrne, J Berndes, G Vasalos, IA TI Transportation Fuels from Biomass via Fast Pyrolysis and Hydroprocessing SO ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY: THE SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OILS C1 [Elliott, Douglas C.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Elliott, DC (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dougc.elliott@pnnl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-95786-8; 978-1-118-95787-5 PY 2016 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1002/wene.74 D2 10.1002/9781118957844 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BF8SA UT WOS:000385226400007 ER PT B AU Stupak, I Joudrey, J Smith, CT Pelkmans, L Chum, H Cowie, A Englund, O Goh, CS Junginger, M AF Stupak, Inge Joudrey, Jamie Smith, C. Tattersall Pelkmans, Luc Chum, Helena Cowie, Annette Englund, Oskar Goh, Chun Sheng Junginger, Martin BE Lund, PD Byrne, J Berndes, G Vasalos, IA TI A Global Survey of Stakeholder Views and Experiences for Systems Needed to Effectively and Efficiently Govern Sustainability of Bioenergy SO ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY: THE SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOREST CERTIFICATION; ROUND-TABLE; PALM OIL; STANDARDS; MARKET; LEGITIMACY; BIOMASS; BIODIVERSITY; CHALLENGES; BIOFUELS C1 [Stupak, Inge] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Fac Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Joudrey, Jamie] Univ Toronto, Fac Forestry, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Smith, C. Tattersall] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pelkmans, Luc] VITO NV, Unit Separat & Convers Proc, Mol, Belgium. [Chum, Helena] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Cowie, Annette] Univ New England, NSW Dept Primary Ind, Armidale, NSW, Australia. [Englund, Oskar] Chalmers, Div Phys Resource Theory, Dept Energy & Environm, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Goh, Chun Sheng; Junginger, Martin] Univ Utrecht, Copernicus Inst Sustainable Dev, Energy & Resources, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Stupak, I (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geosci & Nat Resource Management, Fac Sci, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM ism@ign.ku.dk RI Junginger, Martin/A-2687-2009 OI Junginger, Martin/0000-0002-5010-2051 NR 92 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-95786-8; 978-1-118-95787-5 PY 2016 BP 507 EP 534 DI 10.1002/wene.166 D2 10.1002/9781118957844 PG 28 WC Agricultural Engineering; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BF8SA UT WOS:000385226400033 ER PT S AU Kuzmenko, PJ Little, SL Kutyrev, AS Capone, JI AF Kuzmenko, Paul J. Little, Steve L. Kutyrev, Alexander S. Capone, John I. BE Navarro, R Burge, JH TI Technique for diamond machining large ZnSe grisms for the Rapid Infrared/Imager Spectrograph (RIMAS) SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM SP SPIE DE grism; RIMAS; diamond machining; ZnSe; immersion grating AB The Rapid Infrared Imager/Spectrograph (RIMAS) is an instrument designed to observe gamma ray burst afterglows following initial detection by the SWIFT satellite. Operating in the near infrared between 0.9 and 2.4 mu m, it has capabilities for both low resolution (R similar to 25) and moderate resolution (R similar to 4000) spectroscopy. Two zinc selenide (ZnSe) grisms provide dispersion in the moderate resolution mode: one covers the Y and J bands and the other covers the H and K. Each has a clear aperture of 44 mm. The YJ grism has a blaze angle of 49.9 degrees with a 40 mu m groove spacing. The HK grism is blazed at 43.1 degrees with a 50 mu m grooves spacing. Previous fabrication of ZnSe grisms on the Precision Engineering Research Lathe (PERL II) at LLNL has demonstrated the importance of surface preparation, tool and fixture design, tight thermal control, and backup power sources for the machine. The biggest challenges in machining the RIMAS grisms are the large grooved area, which indicates long machining time, and the relatively steep blaze angle, which means that the grism wavefront error is much more sensitive to lathe metrology errors. Mitigating techniques are described. C1 [Kuzmenko, Paul J.; Little, Steve L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kutyrev, Alexander S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kutyrev, Alexander S.; Capone, John I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, Stadium Drive, College Pk, MD 20771 USA. RP Kuzmenko, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-183,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kuzmenko1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0203-8; 978-1-5106-0204-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9912 AR UNSP 99120C DI 10.1117/12.2231834 PN 1 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG2XH UT WOS:000387747900012 ER PT S AU Montesanti, RC Little, SL Kuzmenko, PJ Bixler, JV Jackson, JL Lown, JG Priest, RE Yoxall, BE AF Montesanti, R. C. Little, S. L. Kuzmenko, P. J. Bixler, J. V. Jackson, J. L. Lown, J. G. Priest, R. E. Yoxall, B. E. BE Navarro, R Burge, JH TI Strategies for Single-Point Diamond Machining a Large Format Germanium Blazed Immersion Grating SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM SP SPIE DE diffraction grating; immersion; germanium; diamond machining; diamond turning; subsurface damage AB A large format germanium immersion grating was flycut with a single-point diamond tool on the Precision Engineering Research Lathe (PERL) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in November - December 2015. The grating, referred to as 002u, has an area of 5(mm x 67 mm (along-groove and cross-groove directions), line pitch of 88 line/mm, and blaze angle of 32 degree. Based on total groove length, the 002u grating is five times larger than the previous largest grating (ZnSe) cut on PERL, and forty-five times larger than the previous largest germanium grating cut on PERL. The key risks associated with cutting the 002u grating were tool wear and keeping the PERL machine running uninterrupted in a stable machining environment. This paper presents the strategies employed to mitigate these risks, introduces pre-machining of the as-etched grating substrate to produce a smooth, flat, damage-free surface into which the grooves are cut, and reports on trade-offs that drove decisions and experimental results. C1 [Montesanti, R. C.; Little, S. L.; Kuzmenko, P. J.; Bixler, J. V.; Jackson, J. L.; Priest, R. E.; Yoxall, B. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lown, J. G.] Akima Infrastruct Serv, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Montesanti, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM montesanti1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0203-8; 978-1-5106-0204-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9912 AR UNSP 991233 DI 10.1117/12.2234248 PN 1 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG2XH UT WOS:000387747900093 ER PT S AU Steeves, J Jackson, K Pellegrino, S Redding, D Wallace, JK Bradford, SC Barbee, T AF Steeves, John Jackson, Kathryn Pellegrino, Sergio Redding, David Wallace, J. Kent Bradford, Samuel Case Barbee, Troy BE Navarro, R Burge, JH TI Multilayer active shell mirrors for space telescopes SO ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation II CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, UNITED KINGDOM SP SPIE DE Active Mirrors; CFRP; Nanolaminate; Replication; Reverse Hartmann AB A novel active mirror technology based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) substrates and replication techniques has been developed. Multiple additional layers are implemented into the design serving various functions. Nanolaminate metal films are used to provide a high quality reflective front surface. A backing layer of thin active material is implemented to provide the surface-parallel actuation scheme. Printed electronics are used to create a custom electrode pattern and flexible routing layer. Mirrors of this design are thin (< 1.0 mm), lightweight (2.7 kg/m(2)), and have large actuation capabilities. These capabilities, along with the associated manufacturing processes, represent a significant change in design compared to traditional optics. Such mirrors could be used as lightweight primaries for small CubeSat-based telescopes or as meter-class segments for future large aperture observatories. Multiple mirrors can be produced under identical conditions enabling a substantial reduction in manufacturing cost and complexity. An overview of the mirror design and manufacturing processes is presented. Predictions on the actuation performance have been made through finite element simulations demonstrating correctabilities on the order of 250-300X for astigmatic modes with only 41 independent actuators. A description of the custom metrology system used to characterize the active mirrors is also presented. The system is based on a Reverse Hartmann test and can accommodate extremely large deviations in mirror figure (> 100 mu m PV) down to sub-micron precision. The system has been validated against several traditional techniques including photogrammetry and interferometry. The mirror performance has been characterized using this system, as well as closed-loop figure correction experiments on 150 mm dia. prototypes. The mirrors have demonstrated post-correction figure accuracies of 200 nm RMS (two dead actuators limiting performance). C1 [Steeves, John; Redding, David; Wallace, J. Kent; Bradford, Samuel Case] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jackson, Kathryn; Pellegrino, Sergio] CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barbee, Troy] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Steeves, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM john.b.steeves@jpl.nasa.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0203-8; 978-1-5106-0204-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9912 AR UNSP 99121K DI 10.1117/12.2233594 PN 1 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BG2XH UT WOS:000387747900050 ER PT B AU Santarpia, JL AF Santarpia, Joshua L. BE Salem, H Katz, SA TI Bioaerosols in the Environment: Populations, Measurement and Processes SO AEROBIOLOGY: THE TOXICOLOGY OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND TOXINS SE Issues in Toxicology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL AEROSOL-PARTICLES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRA; AIRBORNE BACTERIA; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON; ICE NUCLEI; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; ELECTRICAL CHARGES C1 [Santarpia, Joshua L.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Santarpia, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jsantar@sandia.gov NR 121 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84973-791-3; 978-1-84973-594-0 J9 ISSUES TOXICOL PY 2016 VL 25 BP 219 EP 247 D2 10.1039/9781849737913 PG 29 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Toxicology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Toxicology GA BG3NS UT WOS:000388089900007 ER PT S AU Beiswenger, TN Myers, TL Brauer, CS Su, YF Blake, TA Ertel, AB Tonkyn, RG Szecsody, JE Johnson, TJ Smith, MO Lanker, CL AF Beiswenger, Toya N. Myers, Tanya L. Brauer, Carolyn S. Su, Yin-Fong Blake, Thomas A. Ertel, Alyssa B. Tonkyn, Russell G. Szecsody, James E. Johnson, Timothy J. Smith, Milton O. Lanker, Cory L. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Experimental Effects on IR Reflectance Spectra: Particle Size and Morphology SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Reflectance; directional hemispherical reflectance; integrating sphere; infrared; particle size ID INFRARED-EMISSION; MU-M; MINERALS; SURFACES; CONTRAST; SAMPLES; SYSTEM AB For geologic and extraterrestrial samples it is known that both particle size and morphology can have strong effects on a species' infrared reflectance spectra. Due to such effects, the reflectance spectra cannot be predicted from the absorption coefficients alone. This is because reflectance is both a surface as well as a bulk phenomenon, incorporating both dispersion as well as absorption effects. The same spectral feature can even be observed as either a maximum or minimum. The complex effects depend on particle size and preparation, as well as the relative amplitudes of the optical constants n and k, i.e. the real and imaginary components of the complex refractive index. While somewhat oversimplified, upward-going amplitude in the reflectance spectrum usually results from surface scattering, i.e. rays that have been reflected from the surface without penetration, whereas downward-going peaks are due to either absorption or volume scattering, i.e. rays that have penetrated or refracted into the sample interior and are not reflected. While the effects are known, we report seminal measurements of reflectance along with quantified particle size of the samples, the sizing obtained from optical microscopy measurements. The size measurements are correlated with the reflectance spectra in the 1.3 - 16 micron range for various bulk materials that have a combination of strong and weak absorption bands in order to understand the effects on the spectral features as a function of the mean grain size. We report results for both anhydrous sodium sulfate Na2SO4 as well as ammonium sulfate (NH4)(2)SO4; the optical constants have been measured for (NH4)(2)SO4. To go a step further from the laboratory and into the field we explore our understanding of particle size effects on reflectance spectra using standoff detection at distances of up to 160 meters in a field experiment. The studies have shown that particle size has a strong influence on the measured reflectance spectra of such materials; successful identification requires sufficient, representative reflectance data to include the particle sizes of interest. C1 [Beiswenger, Toya N.; Myers, Tanya L.; Brauer, Carolyn S.; Su, Yin-Fong; Blake, Thomas A.; Tonkyn, Russell G.; Szecsody, James E.; Johnson, Timothy J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Smith, Milton O.; Lanker, Cory L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beiswenger, TN (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400I DI 10.1117/12.2223909 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600011 ER PT S AU Engel, DW Reichardt, TA Kulp, TJ Graff, DL Thompson, SE AF Engel, David W. Reichardt, Thomas A. Kulp, Thomas J. Graff, David L. Thompson, Sandra E. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Hierarchical Multi-Scale Approach to Validation and Uncertainty Quantification of Hyper-Spectral Image Modeling SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Validation; uncertainty quantification; calibration; sensitivity analysis; hyper-spectral imaging AB Validating predictive models and quantifying uncertainties inherent in the modeling process is a critical component of the HARD Solids Venture program [1]. Our current research focuses on validating physics-based models predicting the optical properties of solid materials for arbitrary surface morphologies and characterizing the uncertainties in these models. We employ a systematic and hierarchical approach by designing physical experiments and comparing the experimental results with the outputs of computational predictive models. We illustrate this approach through an example comparing a micro-scale forward model to an idealized solid-material system and then propagating the results through a system model to the sensor level. Our efforts should enhance detection reliability of the hyper-spectral imaging technique and the confidence in model utilization and model outputs by users and stakeholders. C1 [Engel, David W.; Thompson, Sandra E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Reichardt, Thomas A.; Kulp, Thomas J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Graff, David L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Engel, DW (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM dave.engel@pnnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400N DI 10.1117/12.2224262 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600015 ER PT S AU Kulp, TJ Sommers, RL Krafcik, KL Mills, BE Reichardt, TA Dorrance, JK LaCasse, CF Fuerschbach, KH Craven, J AF Kulp, T. J. Sommers, R. L. Krafcik, K. L. Mills, B. E. Reichardt, T. A. Dorrance, J. K. LaCasse, C. F. Fuerschbach, K. H. Craven, J. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Ideal-System Morphology and Reflectivity Measurements for Radiative-Transfer Model Development and Validation SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Times Roman; image area; acronyms; references ID PARTICULATE SURFACES; SPECTRAL CONTRAST; PARTICLE-SIZE; EMISSION; SCATTERING AB This paper describes measurements being made on a series of material systems for the purpose of developing a radiative-transfer model that describes the reflectance of light by granular solids. It is well recognized that the reflectance spectra of granular materials depend on their intrinsic (n(lambda) and k(lambda)) and extrinsic (morphological) properties. There is, however, a lack of robust and proven models to relate spectra to these parameters. The described work is being conducted in parallel with a modeling effort(1) to address this need. Each follows a common developmental spiral in which material properties are varied and the ability of the model to calculate the effects of the changes are tested. The parameters being varied include particle size/shape, packing density, material birefringence, optical thickness, and spectral contribution of a substrate. It is expected that the outcome of this work will be useful in interpreting reflectance data for hyperspectral imaging (HSI), and for a variety of other areas that rely on it. C1 [Kulp, T. J.; Sommers, R. L.; Krafcik, K. L.; Mills, B. E.; Reichardt, T. A.; Dorrance, J. K.] Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [LaCasse, C. F.; Fuerschbach, K. H.; Craven, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Kulp, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tjkulp@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400H DI 10.1117/12.2224637 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600010 ER PT S AU Lanker, CL Smith, MO AF Lanker, Cory L. Smith, Milton O. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Identification of solid materials using HSI spectral oscillators SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; target detection; material composition; Gaussian basis functions; Lorentz oscillators; exploitation; inverse problem; pixel-scale model; curve-fitting ID CALCITE AB Our research aims to characterize solid materials through LWIR reflectance spectra in order to improve compositional exploitation in a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) sensor data cube. Specifically, we aim to reduce false alarm rates when identifying target materials without compromising sensitivity. We employ dispersive analysis to extract the material oscillator resonances from reflectance spectra with a stepwise fitting algorithm to estimate the Lorentz or Gaussian oscillators effectively present in the HSI spectral measurements. The proposed algorithm operates through nonlinear least squares minimization through a grid search over potential oscillator resonance frequencies and widths. Experimental validation of the algorithm is performed with published values of crystalline and amorphous materials. Our aim is to use the derived oscillator parameters to characterize the materials that are present in an HSI pixel. We demonstrate that there are material-specific properties of oscillators that show subtle variability when considering changes in morphology or measurement conditions. The experimentally verified results include variability in material particle size, measurement angle, and atmospheric conditions for six mineral measurements. Once a target material's oscillators are characterized, we apply statistical learning techniques to form a classifier based on the estimated spectral oscillators of the HSI pixels. We show that this approach has good initial identification results that are extendible across localized experimental conditions. C1 [Lanker, Cory L.; Smith, Milton O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lanker, CL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM anker1@llnl.gov; smith428@llnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400U DI 10.1117/12.2224337 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600022 ER PT S AU Reichardt, TA Kulp, TJ AF Reichardt, Thomas A. Kulp, Thomas J. BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Radiative transfer modeling of surface chemical deposits SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Particulate surface; reflectance; hyperspectral; chemical signature ID REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; SCATTERING; PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; TOPOGRAPHY; EMISSION; QUARTZ; GLASS; MU AB Remote detection of a surface-bound chemical relies on the recognition of a pattern, or "signature," that is distinct from the background. Such signatures are a function of a chemical's fundamental optical properties, but also depend upon its specific morphology. Importantly, the same chemical can exhibit vastly different signatures depending on the size of particles composing the deposit. We present a parameterized model to account for such morphological effects on surface-deposited chemical signatures. This model leverages computational tools developed within the planetary and atmospheric science communities, beginning with T-matrix and ray-tracing approaches for evaluating the scattering and extinction properties of individual particles based on their size and shape, and the complex refractive index of the material itself. These individual-particle properties then serve as input to the Ambartsumian invariant imbedding solution for the reflectance of a particulate surface composed of these particles. The inputs to the model include parameters associated with a functionalized form of the particle size distribution (PSD) as well as parameters associated with the particle packing density and surface roughness. The model is numerically inverted via Sandia's Dakota package, optimizing agreement between modeled and measured reflectance spectra, which we demonstrate on data acquired on five size-selected silica powders over the 4-16 mu m wavelength range. Agreements between modeled and measured reflectance spectra are assessed, while the optimized PSDs resulting from the spectral fitting are then compared to PSD data acquired from independent particle size measurements. C1 [Reichardt, Thomas A.; Kulp, Thomas J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9033, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Reichardt, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9033, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tareich@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400M DI 10.1117/12.2224071 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600014 ER PT S AU Ziemann, AK Theiler, J AF Ziemann, Amanda K. Theiler, James BE VelezReyes, M Messinger, DW TI Graph-based and statistical approaches for detecting spectrally variable target materials SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd SPIE Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXII CY APR 18-21, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; target detection; subspace; manifold; residual ID HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY; PLUMES AB In discriminating target materials from background clutter in hyperspectral imagery, one must contend with variability in both. Most algorithms focus on the clutter variability, but for some materials there is considerable variability in the spectral signatures of the target. This is especially the case for solid target materials, whose signatures depend on morphological properties (particle size, packing density, etc.) that are rarely known a priori. In this paper, we investigate detection algorithms that explicitly take into account the diversity of signatures for a given target. In particular, we investigate variable target detectors when applied to new representations of the hyperspectral data: a manifold learning based approach, and a residual based approach. The graph theory and manifold learning based approach incorporates multiple spectral signatures of the target material of interest; this is built upon previous work that used a single target spectrum. In this approach, we first build an adaptive nearest neighbors (ANN) graph on the data and target spectra, and use a biased locally linear embedding (LLE) transformation to perform nonlinear dimensionality reduction. This biased transformation results in a lower-dimensional representation of the data that better separates the targets from the background. The residual approach uses an annulus based computation to represent each pixel after an estimate of the local background is removed, which suppresses local backgrounds and emphasizes the target-containing pixels. We will show detection results in the original spectral space, the dimensionality-reduced space, and the residual space, all using subspace detectors: ranked spectral angle mapper (rSAM), subspace adaptive matched filter (ssAMF), and subspace adaptive cosine/coherence estimator (ssACE). Results of this exploratory study will be shown on a ground-truthed hyperspectral image with variable target spectra and both full and mixed pixel targets. C1 [Ziemann, Amanda K.; Theiler, James] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ziemann, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ziemann@lanl.gov; jt@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0081-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9840 AR 98400T DI 10.1117/12.2224091 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BF6RJ UT WOS:000383611600021 ER PT J AU Schroll, CA Lines, AM Heineman, WR Bryan, SA AF Schroll, Cynthia A. Lines, Amanda M. Heineman, William R. Bryan, Samuel A. TI Absorption spectroscopy for the quantitative prediction of lanthanide concentrations in the 3LiCl-2CsCl eutectic at 723 K SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED TRANSITIONS; PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; TRIVALENT LANTHANIDES; CHEMOMETRIC METHODS; MOLTEN CHLORIDES; RARE-EARTHS; SPECTRA; SALT; KCL; SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY AB The absorption spectra of single-component mixtures of erbium(III) chloride, holmium(III) chloride, neodymium(III) chloride, praseodymium(III) chloride, samarium(III) chloride and thulium(III) chloride were obtained in the molten salt eutectic 3LiCl-2CsCl at 723 K and were collected at various concentrations from 0 mM to approximately 200 mM (above which the solutions became saturated). Using these data and Beer's law, the molar absorptivities of the absorption bands for each lanthanide(III) chloride were obtained. More sophisticated analysis of the data was completed by building multivariate regression models based on spectra of single-component samples for each lanthanide metal studied. These models were then applied to the measurement/prediction of lanthanide(III) concentrations in a validation set comprised of complex multi-component mixtures within the molten-salt solution. The models performed well despite the complexity of the solutions/spectra. Overall, this work presents the UV-vis Beer's law characterization of several lanthanides as well as successful application of multivariate analysis to the measurement/prediction of lanthanide concentrations in molten salts. This represents a significant improvement for materials analysis techniques, applicable for nuclear fuel pyroprocessing methods. C1 [Schroll, Cynthia A.; Heineman, William R.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Lines, Amanda M.; Bryan, Samuel A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heineman, WR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.; Bryan, SA (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM heinemwr@ucmail.uc.edu; sam.bryan@pnnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCR&D), Separation Campaign (NE); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCR&D), Separation Campaign (NE) and performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 43 BP 7731 EP 7738 DI 10.1039/c6ay01520d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA EC2XZ UT WOS:000387989200002 ER PT S AU Mehio, N Luo, HM Do-Thanh, CL Sun, XQ Shen, YL Bell, JR Dai, S AF Mehio, Nada Luo, Huimin Chi-Linh Do-Thanh Sun, Xiaoqi Shen, Yinglin Bell, Jason R. Dai, Sheng BE Chen, J TI Separating Rare-Earth Elements with Ionic Liquids SO APPLICATION OF IONIC LIQUIDS ON RARE EARTH GREEN SEPARATION AND UTILIZATION SE Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Synthesis and purification of ionic liquids; Properties of ionic liquids; Rare-earth elements; Solvent extraction based on ionic liquids; TALSPEAK-like extraction for REEs ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; MUTUAL SOLUBILITIES; BINARY-MIXTURES; BETA-DIKETONES; VAPOR-PRESSURE AB The rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements; this group consists of scandium, yttrium, and 15 lanthanides. Due to their essential role in permanent magnets, lamp phosphors, catalysts, and rechargeable batteries, the REEs have become an essential component of the global transition to a green economy. Currently, with China producing over 90 % of the global REE output and its increasingly tightening export quota, the rest of the world is confronted with the potential risk of REE shortage. As such, many countries will have to rely on recycling REEs from pre-consumer scrap, industrial residues, and REE-containing end-of-life products. Over the course of the last two decades, ionic liquids have been increasingly used to separate REEs in the recycling process. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of molten salts that are liquid at temperatures below 100 degrees C. ILs are amenable to the recycling of REEs because the cation and anion components are readily tailored to a given process, and they offer numerous advantages over typical organic solvents, such as low volatility, low flammability, a broad temperature range of stability, the ability to dissolve both inorganic and organic compounds, high conductivity, and wide electrochemical windows. In this chapter, we discuss the performance of several IL-based extraction systems used to separate and recycle REEs. C1 [Mehio, Nada; Chi-Linh Do-Thanh; Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Luo, Huimin; Bell, Jason R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sun, Xiaoqi; Shen, Yinglin; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dais@ornl.gov OI Do-Thanh, Chi-Linh/0000-0003-2263-8331 NR 117 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2196-6982 BN 978-3-662-47510-2; 978-3-662-47509-6 J9 GREEN CHEM SUSTAIN T PY 2016 BP 45 EP 71 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-47510-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-662-47510-2 PG 27 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BF8OE UT WOS:000385215100004 ER PT B AU Baker, SE Bredeweg, EL AF Baker, Scott E. Bredeweg, Erin L. BE DeVries, RP Gelber, IB Andersen, MR TI Comparative Genomics, Resequencing and Fast Forward Genetics in Aspergillus and Penicillium SO ASPERGILLUS AND PENICILLIUM IN THE POST-GENOMIC ERA LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ITACONIC ACID PRODUCTION; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; ORYZAE STRAINS; NIGER; FUMIGATUS; CHRYSOGENUM; OCHRATOXIN; CARBONARIUS; NEUROSPORA; MUTATIONS AB New methods have accelerated the, pace of DNA sequencing for comparative genomics and genetics of fungi. High throughput genome sequencing enables comparative analysis of multiple strains of the same species and mutagenized strain lineages with interesting phenotypes. With their compact genomes, species from the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are ideal for these multi-strain genome analyses that connect genotypes with phenotypes of interest to fungal biology and biotechnology. C1 [Baker, Scott E.; Bredeweg, Erin L.] US DOE, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Baker, Scott E.] US DOE, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baker, SE (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA.; Baker, SE (reprint author), US DOE, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM scott.baker@pnnl.gov; erin.bredeweg@pnnl.gov NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-910190-39-5 PY 2016 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA BG3BC UT WOS:000387833500002 ER PT J AU McNamara, LA Bauer, TL Haass, M Matzen, L AF McNamara, Laura A. Bauer, Travis L. Haass, Michael Matzen, Laura BE Sedlmair, M Isenberg, P Isenberg, T Mahyar, N Lam, H TI Information Theoretic Measures for Visual Analytics: The Silver Ticket? SO BEYOND TIME AND ERRORS: NOVEL EVALUATION METHODS FOR VISUALIZATION, BELIV 2016 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Bi-Annual Workshop (BELIV) CY OCT 24, 2016 CL Baltimore, MD SP Assoc Comp Machinery DE Visual Analytics; Evaluation; Human-Information Interaction; Complexity Reduction; Metrics ID VISUALIZATION; INSIGHT; SENSEMAKING; DESIGN; FRAMEWORK; SCIENCE; BRAIN; MODEL AB In this paper, we argue that information theoretic measures may provide a robust, broadly applicable, repeatable metric to assess how a system enables people to reduce high-dimensional data into topically relevant subsets of information. Explosive growth in electronic data necessitates the development of systems that balance automation with human cognitive engagement to facilitate pattern discovery, analysis and characterization, variously described as "cognitive augmentation" or "insight generation." However, operationalizing the concept of insight in any measurable way remains a difficult challenge for visualization researchers. The "golden ticket" of insight evaluation would be a precise, generalizable, repeatable, and ecologically valid metric that indicates the relative utility of a system in heightening cognitive performance or facilitating insights. Unfortunately, the golden ticket does not yet exist. In its place, we are exploring information theoretic measures derived from Shannon's ideas about information and entropy as a starting point for precise, repeatable, and generalizable approaches for evaluating analytic tools. We are specifically concerned with needle-in-haystack workflows that require interactive search, classification, and reduction of very large heterogeneous datasets into manageable, task-relevant subsets of information. We assert that systems aimed at facilitating pattern discovery, characterization and analysis - i.e., "insight" - must afford an efficient means of sorting the needles from the chaff; and simple compressibility measures provide a way of tracking changes in information content as people shape meaning from data. C1 [McNamara, Laura A.; Bauer, Travis L.; Haass, Michael; Matzen, Laura] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McNamara, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lamcnam@sandia.gov; tlbauer@sandia.gov; mihaass@sandia.gov; lematze@sandia.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-4818-8 PY 2016 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1145/2993901.2993920 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG3BX UT WOS:000387865100007 ER PT J AU Liu, MC Gilroy, KD Peng, HC Chi, MF Guo, LJ Xia, YA AF Liu, Maochang Gilroy, Kyle D. Peng, Hsin-Chieh Chi, Miaofang Guo, Liejin Xia, Younan TI The effect of surface capping on the diffusion of adatoms in the synthesis of Pd@Au core-shell nanocrystals SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NOBLE-METAL NANOCRYSTALS; SHAPE; GROWTH; SEEDS; NUCLEATION; DEPOSITION; MORPHOLOGY; REDUCTION; NANOCUBES AB We offer new insights into the roles played by surface capping in controlling the pattern of growth involving Pd cubic seeds and a HAuCl4 precursor. The final products can take different surface structures (concave vs. flat side faces) depending on the presence or absence of surface capping. C1 [Liu, Maochang; Gilroy, Kyle D.; Xia, Younan] Georgia Inst Technol, Wallace H Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Liu, Maochang; Gilroy, Kyle D.; Xia, Younan] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Liu, Maochang; Guo, Liejin] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn, Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Peng, Hsin-Chieh] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Chi, Miaofang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xia, YA (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Wallace H Coulter Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Xia, YA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM younan.xia@bme.gatech.edu RI Shi, Jinwen/D-3054-2011; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011 OI Shi, Jinwen/0000-0001-7291-2840; FU DOE subcontract from the University of Wisconsin-Madison [DE-FG02 05ER15731]; Georgia Tech; China Scholarship Council FX This work was supported in part by a DOE subcontract from the University of Wisconsin-Madison (DE-FG02 05ER15731), and startup funds from Georgia Tech. As a visiting student from Xi'an Jiaotong University, M. L. was also partially supported by the China Scholarship Council. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 89 BP 13159 EP 13162 DI 10.1039/c6cc07456a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB8DD UT WOS:000387620300023 PM 27763648 ER PT J AU Ansari, SA Mohapatra, PK Verboom, W Rao, LF AF Ansari, Seraj A. Mohapatra, Prasanta K. Verboom, Willem Rao, Linfeng TI Thermodynamics of biphasic lanthanide extraction by tripodal diglycolamide: a solution calorimetry study SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHOSPHORIC-ACID; COUNTER-CURRENT EXTRACTION; TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; F-ELEMENT CATIONS; HIGH-LEVEL WASTE; PUREX RAFFINATE; EQUILIBRIUM-CONSTANTS; EFFICIENT SEPARATION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; COVALENT TRIPOD AB Isothermal titration calorimetry was employed for the direct measurement of the enthalpy of extraction (Delta H-extr) of Eu(NO3)(3) by using a tripodal diglycolamide (T-DGA) ligand dissolved in n-dodecane containing 5% (v/v) 2-decanol. The enthalpy of extraction obtained by titration calorimetry was in good agreement with the enthalpy of extraction calculated from the temperature dependence of the distribution coefficients by using the van't Hoff equation. The Gibbs free energy and the entropy of extraction (Delta G(extr) and Delta S-extr) for the extraction of Eu(NO3)(3) by T-DGA were also obtained by solvent extraction experiments. The complexation of Eu3+ with T-DGA in a mixture of acetonitrile/nitric acid was also studied by spectrophotometry and calorimetry to determine the stability constants and the enthalpy of complexation (Delta H-comp) for the Eu3+/T-DGA complexes in a single phase. The enthalpy of complexation, though obtained in a solvent different from that in the solvent extraction, allows a rough estimate of the enthalpy of phase transfer of the Eu3+/T-DGA complexes from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. C1 [Ansari, Seraj A.; Rao, Linfeng] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ansari, Seraj A.; Mohapatra, Prasanta K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Radiochem, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Verboom, Willem] Univ Twente, Inst Nanotechnol, Lab Mol Nanofabricat, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LRao@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Indo-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF) FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). SAA acknowledges the Indo-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF) for awarding a fellowship. The authors are thankful to Dr. Zhicheng Zhang of LBNL for technical assistance in the biphasic calorimetric experiments. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 43 BP 17216 EP 17222 DI 10.1039/c6dt03380f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA EB8DO UT WOS:000387621400021 PM 27711776 ER PT J AU Cantu, DC Malhotra, D Koech, PK Heldebrant, DJ Zheng, F Freeman, CJ Rousseau, R Glezakou, VA AF Cantu, David C. Malhotra, Deepika Koech, Phillip K. Heldebrant, David J. Zheng, Feng (Richard) Freeman, Charles J. Rousseau, Roger Glezakou, Vassiliki-Alexandra TI Structure-property reduced order model for viscosity prediction in single-component CO2-binding organic liquids SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; CO2 CAPTURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SHEAR VISCOSITY; SOLVENTS; DESIGN; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; REGENERATION; SEPARATIONS AB CO2 capture from power generation with aqueous solvents remains energy intensive due to the high water content of the current technology, or the high viscosity of non-aqueous alternatives. Quantitative reduced models, connecting molecular structure to bulk properties, are key for developing structure-property relationships that enable molecular design. In this work, we describe such a model that quantitatively predicts viscosities of CO2 binding organic liquids (CO(2)BOLs) based solely on molecular structure and the amount of bound CO2. The functional form of the model correlates the viscosity with the CO2 loading and an electrostatic term describing the charge distribution between the CO2-bearing functional group and the proton-receiving amine. Molecular simulations identify the proton shuttle between these groups within the same molecule to be the critical indicator of low viscosity. The model, developed to allow for quick screening of solvent libraries, paves the way towards the rational design of low viscosity water-lean solvent systems for post-combustion CO2 capture. Following these theoretical recommendations, synthetic efforts of promising candidates and viscosity measurement provide experimental validation and verification. C1 [Cantu, David C.; Rousseau, Roger; Glezakou, Vassiliki-Alexandra] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Malhotra, Deepika; Koech, Phillip K.; Heldebrant, David J.; Zheng, Feng (Richard); Freeman, Charles J.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy Proc & Mat Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Glezakou, VA (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanda.glezakou@pnnl.gov RI Rousseau, Roger/C-3703-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy [FWP-65872] FX The authors acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy for funding award number FWP-65872. Computational resources were provided through a NERSC User Proposal, and PNNL Institutional Computing. PNNL is proudly operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 22 BP 6004 EP 6011 DI 10.1039/c6gc02203k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC4MP UT WOS:000388105800011 ER PT J AU Sun, J Dutta, T Parthasarathi, R Kim, KH Tolic, N Chu, RK Isern, NG Cort, JR Simmons, BA Singh, S AF Sun, Jian Dutta, Tanmoy Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan Kim, Kwang Ho Tolic, Nikola Chu, Rosalie K. Isern, Nancy G. Cort, John R. Simmons, Blake A. Singh, Seema TI Rapid room temperature solubilization and depolymerization of polymeric lignin at high loadings SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; MODEL COMPOUNDS; IONIC LIQUID; PRETREATMENT; DEGRADATION; LIQUEFACTION; OXIDATION; BACTERIA; VALORISATION; CONVERSION AB The relatively poor solubility of lignin in most pretreatment solvents remains one of the biggest challenges in lignin valorization to improve overall biorefinery economics. In this work, rapid room temperature solubilization of lignin at high solid loadings (>30 wt%) can be easily achieved in a single step using ethylene glycol (EG). The solubilized lignin can be rapidly and quantitatively recovered with the addition of ethanol. The computational and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies confirm that strong hydrogen bond interactions between EG and the free hydroxyl groups present in lignin contribute to the lignin dissolution. In addition, hydrogen peroxide mediated depolymerization of the dissolved lignin at a low temperature (80 degrees C) was tested and the effect of EG molecules on depolymerization of lignin was also theoretically studied. The findings of this work provide mechanistic insights of hydrogen bond interactions in high lignin solubilization and valorization. C1 [Sun, Jian; Dutta, Tanmoy; Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan; Kim, Kwang Ho; Simmons, Blake A.; Singh, Seema] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Sun, Jian; Dutta, Tanmoy; Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan; Kim, Kwang Ho; Singh, Seema] Sandia Natl Labs, Biol & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 88220 USA. [Tolic, Nikola; Chu, Rosalie K.; Isern, Nancy G.; Cort, John R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cort, John R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Simmons, Blake A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biol Syst & Engn Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Singh, S (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA.; Singh, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biol & Engn Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 88220 USA. EM seesing@sandia.gov OI Dutta, Tanmoy/0000-0002-7597-9028 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; United States Government FX This work conducted by the Joint BioEnergy Institute was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A portion of the research was performed using EMSL, a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research located in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The back cover image was designed and produced by Mr. Rui Sun. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 22 BP 6012 EP 6020 DI 10.1039/c6gc02258h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC4MP UT WOS:000388105800012 ER PT J AU Salvachua, D Katahira, R Cleveland, NS Khanna, P Resch, MG Black, BA Purvine, SO Zink, EM Prieto, A Martinez, MJ Martinez, AT Simmons, BA Gladden, JM Beckham, GT AF Salvachua, Davinia Katahira, Rui Cleveland, Nicholas S. Khanna, Payal Resch, Michael G. Black, Brenna A. Purvine, Samuel O. Zink, Erika M. Prieto, Alicia Martinez, Maria J. Martinez, Angel T. Simmons, Blake A. Gladden, John M. Beckham, Gregg T. TI Lignin depolymerization by fungal secretomes and a microbial sink SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT-STRAW; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; IRPEX-LACTEUS; CORN STOVER; PAPER PULP; NATURAL MEDIATORS; PHENOLIC MEDIATOR; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALCOHOL OXIDASE; LACCASE AB In Nature, powerful oxidative enzymes secreted by white rot fungi and some bacteria catalyze lignin depolymerization and some microbes are able to catabolize the resulting aromatic compounds as carbon and energy sources. Taken together, these two processes offer a potential route for microbial valorization of lignin. However, many challenges remain in realizing this concept, including that oxidative enzymes responsible for lignin depolymerization also catalyze polymerization of low molecular weight (LMW) lignin. Here, multiple basidiomycete secretomes were screened for ligninolytic enzyme activities in the presence of a residual lignin solid stream from a corn stover biorefinery, dubbed DMR-EH (Deacetylation, Mechanical Refining, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis) lignin. Two selected fungal secretomes, with high levels of laccases and peroxidases, were utilized for DMR-EH lignin depolymerization assays. The secretome from Pleurotus eryngii, which exhibited the highest laccase activity, reduced the lignin average molecular weight (M-w) by 63% and 75% at pH 7 compared to the Mw of the control treated at the same conditions and the initial DMR-EH lignin, respectively, and was applied in further depolymerization assays as a function of time. As repolymerization was observed after 3 days of incubation, an aromatic-catabolic microbe (Pseudomonas putida KT2440) was incubated with the fungal secretome and DMR-EH lignin. These experiments demonstrated that the presence of the bacterium enhances lignin depolymerization, likely due to bacterial catabolism of LMW lignin, which may partially prevent repolymerization. In addition, proteomics was also applied to the P. eryngii secretome to identify the enzymes present in the fungal cocktail utilized for the depolymerization assays, which highlighted a significant number of glucose/methanol/choline (GMC) oxidoreductases and laccases. Overall, this study demonstrates that ligninolytic enzymes can be used to partially depolymerize a solid, high lignin content biorefinery stream and that the presence of an aromatic-catabolic bacterium as a "microbial sink" improves the extent of enzymatic lignin depolymerization. C1 [Salvachua, Davinia; Katahira, Rui; Cleveland, Nicholas S.; Khanna, Payal; Resch, Michael G.; Black, Brenna A.; Beckham, Gregg T.] NREL, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Purvine, Samuel O.; Zink, Erika M.] PNNL, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Prieto, Alicia; Martinez, Maria J.; Martinez, Angel T.] CSIC, Ctr Invest Biol, Plaza Murillo 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Simmons, Blake A.; Gladden, John M.] Joint BioEnergy Inst JBEI, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Simmons, Blake A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biol Syst & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gladden, John M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Beckham, GT (reprint author), NREL, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Gregg.Beckham@nrel.gov FU US Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office; INDOX [KBBE-2013-7-613549]; EU project, RETO-PROSOT [S2013/MAE-2907]; Comunidad de Madrid [BIO2015-68387-R]; MINECO; NOESIS Spanish project [BIO2014-56388-R]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX We thank the US Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office for funding this work. AP, MJM, and ATM acknowledge funding from INDOX (KBBE-2013-7-613549) EU project, RETO-PROSOT S2013/MAE-2907 Comunidad de Madrid BIO2015-68387-R MINECO, and NOESIS (BIO2014-56388-R) Spanish project. We thank Xiaowen Chen and Melvin Tucker for providing the DMR-EH substrate and Scott Baker for helpful discussions. The proteomics research was performed using EMSL, a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We also thank JGI-EMSL since a portion of this proteomic research was performed under the Facilities Integrating Collaborations for User Science (FICUS) initiative and used resources at the DOE Joint Genome Institute and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, which are DOE Office of Science User Facilities. Both facilities are sponsored by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and operated under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (JGI) and DE-AC05-76RL01830 (EMSL). We thank our colleagues at Novozymes for providing Cellic CTec3 and HTec3. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2016 VL 18 IS 22 BP 6046 EP 6062 DI 10.1039/c6gc01531j PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC4MP UT WOS:000388105800016 ER PT S AU Mansouri, K Judson, RS AF Mansouri, Kamel Judson, Richard S. BE Benfenati, E TI In Silico Study of In Vitro GPCR Assays by QSAR Modeling SO IN SILICO METHODS FOR PREDICTING DRUG TOXICITY SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE QSAR; GPCR; ToxCast; Toxicity; Machine learning ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; EPAS TOXCAST PROGRAM; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; PLS-REGRESSION; TOXICITY; TOXICOLOGY; RECEPTOR AB The US EPA's ToxCast program is screening thousands of chemicals of environmental interest in hundreds of in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. One goal is to prioritize chemicals for more detailed analyses based on activity in assays that target molecular initiating events (MIEs) of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). However, the chemical space of interest for environmental exposure is much wider than ToxCast's chemical library. In silico methods such as quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) are proven and cost--effective approaches to predict biological activity for untested chemicals. However, empirical data is needed to build and validate QSARs. ToxCast has developed datasets for about 2000 chemicals ideal for training and testing QSAR models. The overall goal of the present work was to develop QSAR models to fill the data gaps in larger environmental chemical lists. The specific aim of the current work was to build QSAR models for 18 G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) assays, part of the aminergic family. Two QSAR modeling strategies were adopted: classification models were developed to separate chemicals into active/ non-active classes, and then regression models were built to predict the potency values of the bioassays for the active chemicals. Multiple software programs were used to calculate constitutional, topological, and substructural molecular descriptors from two-dimensional (2D) chemical structures. Model-fitting methods included PLSDA (partial least square discriminant analysis), SVMs (support vector machines), kNNs (k-nearest neighbors), and PLSs (partial least squares). Genetic algorithms (GAs) were applied as a variable selection technique to select the most predictive molecular descriptors for each assay. N-fold cross-validation (CV) coupled with multi-criteria decision-making fitting criteria was used to evaluate the models. Finally, the models were applied to make predictions within the established chemical space limits. The most accurate model was for the bovine nonselective dopamine receptor (bDR_ NS) GPCR assay, for which the classification balanced accuracy reached 0.96 in fitting and 0.95 in fivefold CV, with only two latent variables. These results demonstrate the accuracy of QSAR models to predict the biological activity of chemicals specifically for each one of the studied assays. C1 [Mansouri, Kamel] US EPA, ORISE, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Judson, Richard S.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Mansouri, K (reprint author), US EPA, ORISE, Natl Ctr Computat Toxicol, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. OI Mansouri, Kamel/0000-0002-6426-8036 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-4939-3609-0; 978-1-4939-3607-6 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2016 VL 1425 BP 361 EP 381 DI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3609-0_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-4939-3609-0 PG 21 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG2YT UT WOS:000387782000017 PM 27311474 ER PT S AU Larimer, C Brann, M Suter, JD Bonheyo, G Addleman, RS AF Larimer, Curtis Brann, Michelle Suter, Jonathan D. Bonheyo, George Addleman, R. Shane BE Creath, K Burke, J Goncalves, AA TI Are those bugs reflective? Non-destructive biofilm imaging with white light interferometry SO INTERFEROMETRY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Interferometry Conference CY AUG 30-SEP 01, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE White light interferometry; biofilm; bacteria; non-destructive; imaging; flow cell; topology; roughness ID BACTERIAL BIOFILMS AB White light interferometry (WLI) is not typically used to image bacterial biofilms that are immersed in water because there is insufficient refractive index contrast to induce reflection from the biofilm's interface. The soft structure and water-like bulk properties of hydrated biofilms make them difficult to characterize in situ by any means, especially in a non-destructive manner. Here we describe a new method for measuring and monitoring the thickness and topology of live biofilms using a WLI microscope. A microfluidic system was used to create a reflective interface on the surface of biofilms. Live biofilm samples were monitored non-destructively over time. The method enables surface metrology measurements (roughness, surface area) and a novel approach to measuring thickness of the thin hydrated biofilms. Increase in surface roughness preceded observable increase in biofilm thickness, indicating that this measure may be used to predict future development of biofilms. We have also developed a flow cell that enables WLI biofilm imaging in a dynamic environment. We have used this flow cell to observe changes in biofilm structure in response to changes in environmental conditions - flow velocity, availability of nutrients, and presence of biocides. C1 [Larimer, Curtis; Brann, Michelle; Suter, Jonathan D.; Addleman, R. Shane] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Signatures Sci & Technol Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Bonheyo, George] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 West Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Signatures Sci & Technol Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Raymond.Addleman@pnnl.gov OI Larimer, Curtis/0000-0001-6634-5384; Bonheyo, George/0000-0001-8853-5744 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0311-0; 978-1-5106-0312-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9960 AR UNSP 996004 DI 10.1117/12.2239375 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BG2XG UT WOS:000387747500004 ER PT J AU Regueiro, RA Duan, Z Wang, W Sweetser, JD Jensen, EW AF Regueiro, Richard A. Duan, Zheng Wang, Wei Sweetser, John D. Jensen, Erik W. TI GENERAL FORMULATION OF A POROMECHANICAL COHESIVE SURFACE ELEMENT WITH ELASTO-PLASTICITY FOR MODELING INTERFACES IN FLUIDSATURATED GEOMATERIALS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE poromechanics; fluid-saturated; cohesive surface element (CSE); elastoplasticity; nonlinear finite element; interfaces; geomaterials ID FRACTURE; DIFFUSION; MEDIA AB The paper formulates and implements a fluid-saturated poromechanical cohesive surface element (CSE) based upon biphasic (solid-fluid) mixture theory at small strain, with strong discontinuity kinematics. The goal is to be able to introduce strong discontinuity kinematics directly into the coupled variational form in order to derive the balance of linear momentum and mass within the discontinuity domain. This method is compared to approaches that derive the additional terms directly from underlying physical considerations. This approach is useful when extending the method to finite strain, partially saturated, and heated conditions. The Strong form (coupled partial differential equations) is presented, upon which Weak and Galerkin forms are formulated using different representations of the fields outside and inside the discontinuity domain. A mixed Q6P4 six-noded CSE is implemented within the coupled nonlinear Finite Element (FE) equations, along with a mixed Q9P4 biquadratic/bilinear quadrilateral for the surrounding bulk porous continuum. Numerical examples demonstrate the features of the CSE for fluid-saturated geomaterials. C1 [Regueiro, Richard A.; Duan, Zheng; Jensen, Erik W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wang, Wei] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Geosci Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sweetser, John D.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst Co, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. RP Regueiro, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM richard.regueiro@colorado.edu OI Regueiro, Richard/0000-0002-1669-1753 FU Sandia National Laboratories graduate student education program; NSF [CMMI 0928159]; ONR [N00014-11-1-0691]; USACE [W912P8-08-D-0002]; Sandia National Laboratories [1396470]; University of Colorado Boulder; Center for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy Security, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0001114] FX The initial theoretical development and preliminary numerical implementation of the poromechanical cohesive surface element (CSE) in saturated state at small strain was supported by the Sandia National Laboratories graduate student education program (J. D. Sweetser). The further theoretical development and refined numerical implementation of the poromechanical CSE in saturated state (and extensions to partially saturated and heated conditions) was supported by NSF-CMMI 0928159 and ONR N00014-11-1-0691 for different applications (R. A. Regueiro, W. Wang). The application of the poromechanical CSE in saturated state to base crack propagation in a sample concrete gravity dam geometry was supported by USACE W912P8-08-D-0002 (R. A. Regueiro, E. W. Jensen). The further refinement of the model and implementation into Abaqus User Element (UEL) was supported by Sandia National Laboratories through contract 1396470 with the University of Colorado Boulder (R. A. Regueiro, Z. Duan), which in turn was supported as part of the Center for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy Security, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award Number DE-SC0001114 (T. Dewers, P. Newell). This combined funding at various stages of the research is gratefully acknowledged. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1543-1649 EI 1940-4352 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 323 EP 347 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.2016018962 PG 25 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA EC4IW UT WOS:000388092400002 ER PT J AU Bishop, JE Martinez, MJ Newell, P AF Bishop, Joseph E. Martinez, Mario J. Newell, Pania TI SIMULATING FRAGMENTATION AND FLUID-INDUCED FRACTURE IN DISORDERED MEDIA USING RANDOM FINITE-ELEMENT MESHES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE fracture; fragmentation; Voronoi; discrete fracture networks ID CRACK-PROPAGATION; FAILURE CRITERIA; MODELS; FRAMEWORK; DISCONTINUITIES; FORMULATION; MECHANICS; NETWORKS; GEOMETRY; SOLIDS AB Fracture and fragmentation are extremely nonlinear multiscale processes in which microscale damage mechanisms emerge at the macroscale as new fracture surfaces. Numerous numerical methods have been developed for simulating fracture initiation, propagation, and coalescence. Here, we present a computational approach for modeling pervasive fracture in quasi-brittle materials based on random close-packed Voronoi tessellations. Each Voronoi cell is formulated as a polyhedral finite element containing an arbitrary number of vertices and faces. Fracture surfaces are allowed to nucleate only at the intercell faces. Cohesive softening tractions are applied to new fracture surfaces in order to model the energy dissipated during fracture growth. The randomly seeded Voronoi cells provide a regularized discrete random network for representing fracture surfaces. The potential crack paths within the random network are viewed as instances of realizable crack paths within the continuum material. Mesh convergence of fracture simulations is viewed in a weak, or distributional, sense. The explicit facet representation of fractures within this approach is advantageous for modeling contact on new fracture surfaces and fluid flow within the evolving fracture network. Applications of interest include fracture and fragmentation in quasi-brittle materials and geomechanical applications such as hydraulic fracturing, engineered geothermal systems, compressed-air energy storage, and carbon sequestration. C1 [Bishop, Joseph E.; Martinez, Mario J.; Newell, Pania] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bishop, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jebisho@sandia.gov FU Center for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy Security, an Energy Frontier Research Center - US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001114]; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This material is based upon the work supported as part of the Center for Frontiers of Subsurface Energy Security, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DE-SC0001114. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1543-1649 EI 1940-4352 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 349 EP 366 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.2016016908 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA EC4IW UT WOS:000388092400003 ER PT J AU Salinger, AG Bartlett, RA Bradley, AM Chen, QS Demeshko, IP Gao, XJ Hansen, GA Mota, A Muller, RP Nielsen, E Ostien, JT Pawlowski, RP Perego, M Phipps, ET Sun, WC Tezaur, IK AF Salinger, Andrew G. Bartlett, Roscoe A. Bradley, Andrew M. Chen, Qiushi Demeshko, Irina P. Gao, Xujiao Hansen, Glen A. Mota, Alejandro Muller, Richard P. Nielsen, Erik Ostien, Jakob T. Pawlowski, Roger P. Perego, Mauro Phipps, Eric T. Sun, WaiChing Tezaur, Irina K. TI ALBANY: USING COMPONENT-BASED DESIGN TO DEVELOP A FLEXIBLE, GENERIC MULTIPHYSICS ANALYSIS CODE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE partial differential equations; finite element analysis; template-based generic programming ID EMBEDDED ANALYSIS CAPABILITIES; MANAGING SOFTWARE COMPLEXITY; FINITE-ELEMENT; PARALLEL; SIMULATION; FRAMEWORK; EQUATIONS; SYSTEMS; LIBRARY AB Albany is a multiphysics code constructed by assembling a set of reusable, general components. It is an implicit, unstructured grid finite element code that hosts a set of advanced features that are readily combined within a single analysis run. Albany uses template-based generic programming methods to provide extensibility and flexibility; it employs a generic residual evaluation interface to support the easy addition and modification of physics. This interface is coupled to powerful automatic differentiation utilities that are used to implement efficient nonlinear solvers and preconditioners, and also to enable sensitivity analysis and embedded uncertainty quantification capabilities as part of the forward solve. The flexible application programming interfaces in Albany couple to two different adaptive mesh libraries; it internally employs generic integration machinery that supports tetrahedral, hexahedral, and hybrid meshes of user specified order. We present the overall design of Albany, and focus on the specifics of the integration of many of its advanced features. As Albany and the components that form it are openly available on the internet, it is our goal that the reader might find some of the design concepts useful in their own work. Albany results in a code that enables the rapid development of parallel, numerically efficient multiphysics software tools. In discussing the features and details of the integration of many of the components involved, we show the reader the wide variety of solution components that are available and what is possible when they are combined within a simulation capability. C1 [Salinger, Andrew G.; Bartlett, Roscoe A.; Bradley, Andrew M.; Chen, Qiushi; Demeshko, Irina P.; Gao, Xujiao; Hansen, Glen A.; Mota, Alejandro; Muller, Richard P.; Nielsen, Erik; Ostien, Jakob T.; Pawlowski, Roger P.; Perego, Mauro; Phipps, Eric T.; Sun, WaiChing; Tezaur, Irina K.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chen, Qiushi] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Sun, WaiChing] Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Salinger, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agsalin@sandia.gov RI Sun, WaiChing/A-2638-2009 OI Sun, WaiChing/0000-0002-3078-5086 FU US Department of Energy through NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing (ASC) program; US Department of Energy through Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) program; Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The Albany code builds on a wide variety of computational science capabilities; we would like to acknowledge the contributions of the authors of these libraries and tools. There are several who directly impacted the component-based code design strategy and the Albany code base, including Mike Heroux, Jim Willenbring, Brent Perschbacher, Pavel Bochev, Denis Ridzal, Carter Edwards, Greg Sjaardema, Eric Cyr, Julien Cortial, Brian Adams, and Mike Eldred. In addition, this effort has had significant management support, including that of David Womble, Scott Collis, Rob Hoekstra, Mike Parks, John Aidun, and Eliot Fang. This work was funded by the US Department of Energy through the NNSA Advanced Scientific Computing (ASC) and Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) programs, and the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1543-1649 EI 1940-4352 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2016 VL 14 IS 4 BP 415 EP 438 DI 10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.2016017040 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA EC4IW UT WOS:000388092400006 ER PT S AU Duan, SS Sun, JT AF Duan, Sisi Sun, Jingtao BE Li, W Ali, S Lodewijks, G Fortino, G DiFatta, G Yin, Z Pathan, M Guerrieri, A Wang, Q TI Energy Management Policies in Distributed Residential Energy Systems SO INTERNET AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS, IDCS 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Internet and Distributed Computing Systems (IDCS) CY SEP 28-30, 2016 CL Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Wuhan Univ Technol, Sci & Technol Council Wuhan, Univ Calabria DE Policy; Energy management; Coordination; Conflicts; Residential energy systems AB In this paper, we study energy management problems in communities with several neighborhood-level Residential Energy Systems (RESs). We consider control problems from both community level and residential level to handle external changes such as restriction on peak demand of the community and the total supply by the electricity grid. We propose three policies to handle the problems at community level. Based on the collected data from RESs such as predicted energy load, the community controller analyzes the policies, distributes the results to the RES, and each RES can then control and schedule its own energy load based on different coordination functions. We utilize a framework to integrate both policy analysis and coordination of functions. With the use of our approach, we show that the policies are useful to resolve the challenges of energy management under external changes. C1 [Duan, Sisi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sun, Jingtao] Natl Inst Informat, Tokyo 1018430, Japan. RP Duan, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM duans@ornl.gov; sun@nii.ac.jp NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-45939-4; 978-3-319-45940-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9864 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-45940-0_11 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG3JJ UT WOS:000387955000011 ER PT J AU Wollaber, AB AF Wollaber, Allan B. TI Four Decades of Implicit Monte Carlo SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL TRANSPORT LA English DT Review DE Implicit Monte Carlo; thermal radiative transfer ID DEPENDENT RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CONTINUOUS TRANSPORT PROBLEMS; AUTOMATED VARIANCE REDUCTION; TRANSFER EQUATIONS; DOMAIN-DECOMPOSITION; TRANSFER SIMULATIONS; ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE; DIFFUSION-LIMIT; SPATIAL MOMENTS AB In 1971, Fleck and Cummings derived a system of equations to enable robust Monte Carlo simulations of time-dependent, thermal radiative transfer problems. Denoted the "Implicit Monte Carlo" (IMC) equations, their solution remains the de facto standard of high-fidelity radiative transfer simulations. Over the course of 44 years, their numerical properties have become better understood, and accuracy enhancements, novel acceleration methods, and variance reduction techniques have been suggested. In this review, we rederive the IMC equations-explicitly highlighting assumptions as they are made- and outfit the equations with a Monte Carlo interpretation. We put the IMC equations in context with other approximate forms of the radiative transfer equations and present a new demonstration of their equivalence to another well-used linearization solved with deterministic transport methods for frequency-independent problems. We discuss physical and numerical limitations of the IMC equations for asymptotically small time steps, stability characteristics and the potential of maximum principle violations for large time steps, and solution behaviors in an asymptotically thick diffusive limit. We provide a new stability analysis for opacities with general monomial dependence on temperature. We consider spatial accuracy limitations of the IMC equations and discussion acceleration and variance reduction techniques. C1 [Wollaber, Allan B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2,POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wollaber, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2,POB 1663,MS D409, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM wollaber@lanl.gov OI Wollaber, Allan/0000-0001-5997-9610 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This research was partly performed under Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 121 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2332-4309 EI 2332-4325 J9 J COMPUT THEOR TRANS JI J. Comput. Theor. Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 70 DI 10.1080/23324309.2016.1138132 PG 70 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA EB9YB UT WOS:000387752900001 ER PT J AU Gentile, NA Yee, BC AF Gentile, N. A. Yee, Ben C. TI Iterative Implicit Monte Carlo SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL TRANSPORT LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo methods; thermal radiation transport ID RADIATION TRANSPORT; EQUATIONS; TIME AB We describe a new Monte Carlo thermal radiation transport method that is fully implicit in the value of matter temperature used to calculate thermal emission. This method involves iterating on the matter temperature until convergence at the end of the time-step value of the matter temperature is obtained. Because the method is fully implicit, it eliminates the violations of the maximum principle that can occur in Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) simulations on the problems on which we have tested it. The method has the drawback that it is considerably more expensive than IMC for simulations with cold opaque regions. We discuss the reasons for this, and discuss some ways that the number of iterations may be reduced. C1 [Gentile, N. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-38,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Yee, Ben C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gentile, NA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-38,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gentile.1@llnl.gov OI Yee, Ben/0000-0003-3418-965X FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, L.L.C. [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Programs Graduate Fellowship FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, L.L.C. under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The work of the second author was also supported under a Department of Energy Nuclear Energy University Programs Graduate Fellowship. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2332-4309 EI 2332-4325 J9 J COMPUT THEOR TRANS JI J. Comput. Theor. Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 71 EP 98 DI 10.1080/23324309.2015.1012681 PG 28 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA EB9YB UT WOS:000387752900002 ER PT J AU Irvine, AG Boyd, ID Gentile, NA AF Irvine, Adam Glenn Boyd, Iain D. Gentile, Nicholas A. TI Reducing the Spatial Discretization Error of Thermal Emission in Implicit Monte Carlo Simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL TRANSPORT LA English DT Article DE Implicit Monte Carlo; thermal radiation transport ID NONLINEAR RADIATION TRANSPORT; TIME AB Implicit Monte Carlo simulations of thermal radiative transport can exhibit what is known as teleportation error in problems with strong coupling between radiation and matter. Teleportation error occurs when energy deposited in a localized region of a spatial zone is emitted throughout the zone in the next time step. Teleportation error is commonly reduced by biasing the positions of photon thermal emission using a fit to the spatial distribution of temperature to the fourth power. The current work samples and stores locations along photon paths based on absorption probabilities. These locations are used as sites for emission in the subsequent time step. This method of teleportation correction is demonstrated in several sample problems, and is validated against an Implicit Monte Carlo Diffusion Method, which does not exhibit teleportation error. The new method reduces teleportation error relative to the source tilting method, and enables the use of lower spatial resolutions than would be required to mitigate teleportation error using the source tilting method. C1 [Irvine, Adam Glenn; Boyd, Iain D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gentile, Nicholas A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-38,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gentile, NA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-38,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM gentile1@llnl.gov FU Department of Energy [National Nuclear Security Administration] [NA28614]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, L.L.C. [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This material is based on work supported by the Department of Energy [National Nuclear Security Administration] under Award Number NA28614. The work of N. A. Gentile was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, L.L.C. under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2332-4309 EI 2332-4325 J9 J COMPUT THEOR TRANS JI J. Comput. Theor. Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 99 EP 122 DI 10.1080/23324309.2015.1060245 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA EB9YB UT WOS:000387752900003 ER PT J AU Wollaeger, RT Wollaber, AB Urbatsch, TJ Densmore, JD AF Wollaeger, Ryan T. Wollaber, Allan B. Urbatsch, Todd J. Densmore, Jeffery D. TI Implicit Monte Carlo with a Linear Discontinuous Finite Element Material Solution and Piecewise Non-Constant Opacity SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL TRANSPORT LA English DT Article DE Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC); finite element; teleportation error; opacity ID NONLINEAR RADIATION TRANSPORT; ASYMPTOTIC DIFFUSION LIMIT; OPTICALLY THICK; TIME; DISCRETIZATION; EQUATIONS; REGIMES AB The non-linear thermal radiative-transfer equations can be solved in various ways. One popular way is the Fleck and Cummings Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) method. The IMC method was originally formulated with piecewise-constant material properties. For domains with a coarse spatial grid and large temperature gradients, an error known as numerical teleportation may cause artificially non-causal energy propagation and consequently an inaccurate material temperature. Source tilting is a technique to reduce teleportation error by constructing sub-spatial-cell (or sub-cell) emission profiles from which IMC particles are sampled. Several source tilting schemes exist, but some allow teleportation error to persist. We examine the effect of source tilting in problems with a temperature-dependent opacity. Within each cell, the opacity is evaluated continuously from a temperature profile implied by the source tilt. For IMC, this is a new approach to modeling the opacity. We find that applying both source tilting along with a source tilt-dependent opacity can introduce another dominant error that overly inhibits thermal wavefronts. We show that we can mitigate both teleportation and under-propagation errors if we discretize the temperature equation with a linear discontinuous (LD) trial space. Our method is for opacities similar to 1/T 3, but we formulate and test a slight extension for opacities similar to 1/T 3.5, where T is temperature. We find our method avoids errors that can be incurred by IMC with continuous source tilt constructions and piecewise-constant material temperature updates. C1 [Wollaeger, Ryan T.; Wollaber, Allan B.; Urbatsch, Todd J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Densmore, Jeffery D.] Bettis Atom Power Lab, West Mifflin, PA USA. RP Wollaeger, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wollaeger@lanl.gov OI Wollaeger, Ryan/0000-0003-3265-4079; Wollaber, Allan/0000-0001-5997-9610 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This research was performed for Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2332-4309 EI 2332-4325 J9 J COMPUT THEOR TRANS JI J. Comput. Theor. Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 123 EP 157 DI 10.1080/23324309.2016.1157491 PG 35 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA EB9YB UT WOS:000387752900004 ER PT J AU Gentile, NA AF Gentile, N. A. TI Coupling Implicit Monte Carlo Thermal Radiation Transport to Lagrange and ALE Hydrodynamics in the Lab and Fluid Frames SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL TRANSPORT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Transport Theory (ICTT) CY SEP 07-11, 2015 CL Taormina, ITALY DE Thermal radiation transport; implicit Monte Carlo; hydrodynamics AB The requirements for coupling an Implicit Monte Carlo thermal radiation transport package to a hydrodynamics package are discussed. The calculation of material motion corrections for the radiation package in both lab and fluid frames are considered, as are the consequences of operator splitting on discretization error. We demonstrate accurate radiation hydrodynamics simulations of a radiating shock problem with both Lagrangian and Arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics in both the lab and fluid frames. C1 [Gentile, N. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-38 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gentile, NA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-38 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gentile1@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2332-4309 EI 2332-4325 J9 J COMPUT THEOR TRANS JI J. Comput. Theor. Trans. PY 2016 VL 45 IS 3 SI SI BP 202 EP 211 DI 10.1080/23324309.2016.1150857 PN 1 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA EB9YF UT WOS:000387753400005 ER PT J AU Doris, SE Ward, AL Frischmann, PD Li, LJ Helms, BA AF Doris, Sean E. Ward, Ashleigh L. Frischmann, Peter D. Li, Longjun Helms, Brett A. TI Understanding and controlling the chemical evolution and polysulfide-blocking ability of lithium-sulfur battery membranes cast from polymers of intrinsic microporosity SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LI-S BATTERIES; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANES; FLOW BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTES; PROSPECTS; HYDRATION; NITRILES; SHUTTLE; STORAGE AB Many next-generation batteries, including lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and redox-flow batteries, rely on robust and selective membranes to sustainably block the crossover of active species between the negative and positive electrodes. Preventing membrane degradation is essential for long-term battery operation. Nevertheless, challenges persist in understanding how to minimize the impact of chemical or structural changes in the membrane on its performance. Here we elucidate design rules for understanding and controlling the long-term polysulfide-blocking ability of size-selective polymer membranes cast from polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs). PIM-1 membranes feature electrophilic 1,4-dicyanooxanthrene moieties that are shown to be susceptible to nucleophilic attack by lithium polysulfides, which are endogenous to lithium-sulfur batteries. Once transformed, the polymer chains reconfigure by swelling with additional electrolyte and the size-selective transport ability of the membrane is compromised. These undesirable, chemically-induced changes in membrane structure and selectivity were prevented by controllably cross-linking PIM-1. In doing so, low polysulfide crossover rates were sustained for >95 h, highlighting the critical role of macromolecular membrane design in the development of next-generation battery technologies. C1 [Doris, Sean E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ward, Ashleigh L.; Frischmann, Peter D.; Li, Longjun; Helms, Brett A.] Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Helms, Brett A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Helms, BA (reprint author), Joint Ctr Energy Storage Res, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Helms, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bahelms@lbl.gov FU Department of Defense through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship program; Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank L. Maserati and D. Britt, C. Li and L. Gerber for assistance with nitrogen adsorption measurements, polymer synthesis and helpful discussions, respectively. S. E. Doris was supported by the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship program. A. L. Ward, P. D. Frischmann, L. Li and B. A. Helms were supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, an Energy Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Portions of the work-including polymer synthesis and characterization, polymer processing, and membrane crossover experiments-were carried out as User Projects at the Molecular Foundry, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 12 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 43 BP 16946 EP 16952 DI 10.1039/c6ta06401a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EC1PL UT WOS:000387878700023 ER PT J AU Ming, WM Chen, SY Du, MH AF Ming, Wenmei Chen, Shiyou Du, Mao-Hua TI Chemical instability leads to unusual chemical-potential-independent defect formation and diffusion in perovskite solar cell material CH3NH3PbI3 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ORGANOMETAL TRIHALIDE PEROVSKITE; HALIDE PEROVSKITES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HYSTERESIS; IODIDE; EFFICIENCY; MIGRATION; LENGTHS; CH(3)NH(3)PBL(3); 1ST-PRINCIPLES AB Methylammonium (MA) lead triiodide (MAPbI(3)) has recently emerged as a promising solar cell material. However, MAPbI(3) is known to have chemical instability, i.e., MAPbI(3) is prone to decomposition into MAI and PbI2 even at moderate temperatures (e.g. 330 K). Here, we show that the chemical instability, as reflected by the calculated negligible enthalpy of formation of MAPbI(3) (with respect to MAI and PbI2), has an unusual and important consequence for defect properties, i.e., defect formation energies in low-carrier-density MAPbI(3) are nearly independent of the chemical potentials of constituent elements and thus can be uniquely determined. This allows straightforward calculations of defect concentrations and the activation energy of ionic conductivity (the sum of the formation energy and the diffusion barrier of the charged mobile defect) in MAPbI(3). The calculated activation energy for ionic conductivity due to V-I(+) diffusion is in excellent agreement with the experimental values, which demonstrates unambiguously that V-I(+) is the dominant diffusing defect and is responsible for the observed ion migration and device polarization in MAPbI(3) solar cells. The calculated low formation energy of a Frenkel pair (V-I(+) - I-i(+-) pair) and low diffusion barriers of V-I(+) and I-i(-) suggest that the iodine ion migration and the resulting device polarization may occur even in single-crystal devices and grain-boundary-passivated polycrystalline thin film devices (which were previously suggested to be free from ion-migration-induced device polarization), leading to device degradation. However, the device polarization due to the Frenkel pair (which has a relatively low concentration) may take a long time to develop and thus may avoid the appearance of the current-voltage hysteresis at typical scan rates. C1 [Ming, Wenmei; Chen, Shiyou; Du, Mao-Hua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Shiyou] East China Normal Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Polar Mat & Devices, Shanghai 200241, Peoples R China. RP Du, MH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mhdu@ornl.gov RI Du, Mao-Hua/B-2108-2010 OI Du, Mao-Hua/0000-0001-8796-167X FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. Shiyou Chen was supported in part by an appointment to the Higher Education Research Experience for Faculty at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Program. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 10 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 43 BP 16975 EP 16981 DI 10.1039/c6ta07492h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EC1PL UT WOS:000387878700027 ER PT J AU Ball, CS Renzi, RF Priye, A Meagher, RJ AF Ball, C. S. Renzi, R. F. Priye, A. Meagher, R. J. TI A simple check valve for microfluidic point of care diagnostics SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CHIP AB Check valves are often essential components in microfluidic devices, enabling automated sample processing for diagnostics at the point of care. However, there is an unmet need for a check valve design that is compatible with rigid thermoplastic devices during all stages of development-from initial prototyping with a laser cutter to final production with injection molding. Here, we present simple designs for a passive, normally closed check valve that is manufactured from commonly available materials with a CO2 laser and readily integrated into prototype and production thermoplastic devices. The check valve consists of a thermoplastic planar spring and a soft elastomeric pad that act together to seal against fluid backflow. The valve's cracking pressure can be tuned by modifying the spring's planar geometry and thickness. Seal integrity is improved with the addition of a raised annular boss beneath the elastomeric pad. To demonstrate the valve's usefulness, we employ these valves to create a finger-operated on-chip reagent reservoir and a finger-actuated pneumatic pump. We also apply this check valve to passively seal a device to enable portable detection of RNA from West Nile virus in a laser-cut device. C1 [Ball, C. S.; Renzi, R. F.; Priye, A.; Meagher, R. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ball, CS; Meagher, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM csball@sandia.gov; rmeaghe@sandia.gov FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) [DTRA1002715801]; Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory-Directed Research and Development [173111]; National Institutes of Health (NIAID) [5R21AI120973-02] FX We would like to acknowledge Lark Coffey and Sarah Wheeler at University of California-Davis Center for Vectorborne Diseases for samples of WNV RNA. Funding for this project was provided by Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), contract DTRA1002715801; Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (Project 173111); and National Institutes of Health (NIAID Grant 5R21AI120973-02). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2016 VL 16 IS 22 BP 4436 EP 4444 DI 10.1039/c6lc01104g PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EC1KZ UT WOS:000387865000018 PM 27761525 ER PT B AU Chatterjee, S Saito, T Bhattacharya, P AF Chatterjee, Sabornie Saito, Tomonori Bhattacharya, Priyanka BE Faruk, O Sain, M TI Lignin-Derived Carbon Fibers SO LIGNIN IN POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOFTWOOD KRAFT LIGNIN; THERMOSTABILIZATION; NANOFIBERS; PRECURSOR C1 [Chatterjee, Sabornie; Saito, Tomonori] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bhattacharya, Priyanka] Proton Power Inc, Lenoir City, TN USA. RP Chatterjee, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-323-35566-7; 978-0-323-35565-0 PY 2016 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1016/B978-0-323-35565-0.00011-4 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Materials Science, Composites SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BF8UC UT WOS:000385232900012 ER PT S AU Ghosh, S Chakraborty, P AF Ghosh, Somnath Chakraborty, Pritam BE Trovalusci, P TI Microstructure Sensitive Fatigue Crack Nucleation in Titanium Alloys Using Accelerated Crystal Plasticity FE Simulations SO MATERIALS WITH INTERNAL STRUCTURE: MULTISCALE AND MULTIFIELD MODELING AND SIMULATION SE Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYCRYSTALLINE MICRO STRUCTURES; MULTITIME SCALING METHOD; AUTOMATED-ANALYSIS; DWELL FATIGUE; CREEP; DEFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; TEXTURE; TI-6242; MODEL AB This chapter investigates microstructure and load sensitive fatigue behavior of Ti-6242 using cyclic crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulations of statistically equivalent image-based microstructures. A wavelet transformation induced multi-time scaling (WATMUS) method (Joseph et al., Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 199: 2177-2194, 2010; Chakraborty et al., Finite Elem Anal Des 47: 610-618, 2011; Chakraborty and Ghosh, Int J Numer Methods Eng 93: 1425-1454, 2013; Ghosh and Chakraborty, Int J Fatigue 48: 231-246, 2013) is used to perform accelerated cyclic CPFE simulations till crack nucleation, otherwise infeasible using conventional time integration schemes. A physically motivated crack nucleation model in terms of crystal plasticity variables (Anahid et al., J Mech Phys Solids 59(10): 2157-2176, 2011) is extended in this work to predict nucleation. The dependence of yield strength on the underlying grain orientations and sizes is developed through the introduction of an effective microstructural parameter Plastic Flow Index or PFI. To determine the effects of the microstructure on crack nucleation, a local microstructural variable is defined in terms of the surface area fraction of soft grains surrounding each hard grain or SAFSSG. Simulations with different cyclic load patterns suggest that fatigue crack nucleation in Ti-6242 strongly depends on the dwell cycle hold time at maximum stress. C1 [Ghosh, Somnath] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chakraborty, Pritam] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM sghosh20@jhu.edu; pritam.chakraborty@inl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2195-9870 BN 978-3-319-21494-8; 978-3-319-21493-1 J9 SPR TRACTS MECH ENG PY 2016 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-21494-8_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-21494-8 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BF8DM UT WOS:000384742700005 ER PT S AU Soisson, F Fu, CC Jourdan, T Nastar, M Senninger, O Martinez, E Brechet, Y AF Soisson, Frederic Fu, Chu Chun Jourdan, Thomas Nastar, Maylise Senninger, Oriane Martinez, Enrique Brechet, Yves BE Galle, C TI Atomistic Modelling of Segregation and Precipitation in Fe-Cr Alloys under Irradiation SO MINOS 2ND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, IRRADIATION OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS: FLUX AND DOSE EFFECTS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MINOS 2nd International Workshop, Irradiation of Nuclear Materials - Flux and Dose Effects CY NOV 04-06, 2015 CL CEA INSTN Cadarache, FRANCE SP AILRIALS, AREVA, Materials Simulat Engn, Reacteur Jules Horowitz Reactor HO CEA INSTN Cadarache ID FERRITIC STEELS C1 [Soisson, Frederic; Fu, Chu Chun; Jourdan, Thomas; Nastar, Maylise; Senninger, Oriane] CEA DEN DMN, SRMP, Saclay, France. [Martinez, Enrique] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci Radiat Dynam Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. UJF, CNRS, INP Grenoble, SIMAP, St Martin Dheres, France. RP Soisson, F (reprint author), CEA DEN DMN, SRMP, Saclay, France. OI Martinez Saez, Enrique/0000-0002-2690-2622 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 115 AR UNSP 03002 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611503002 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BG2WZ UT WOS:000387734100013 ER PT J AU Crosby, LA Kennedy, RM Chen, BR Wen, JG Poeppelmeier, KR Bedzyk, MJ Marks, LD AF Crosby, Lawrence A. Kennedy, Robert M. Chen, Bor-Rong Wen, Jianguo Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R. Bedzyk, Michael J. Marks, Laurence D. TI Complex surface structure of (110) terminated strontium titanate nanododecahedra SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Review ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; SRTIO3; METAL; CATALYSTS; NANOCUBOIDS; SCATTERING; GROWTH; SHAPE AB The surface structure of (110) faceted strontium titanate nanoparticles synthesized via solvothermal method has been resolved using high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). We demonstrate that the surface is a titania-rich structure containing tetrahedrally coordinated TiO4 units similar to the family of (n x 1) reconstructions observed on (110) surfaces of bulk crystalline strontium titanate. When compared with prior results for (001) terminated strontium titanate single crystals made with traditional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation techniques, the results demonstrate that many models for oxide nanoparticles need to be revisited. This work serves as a reminder that attention must be paid to the surface of nanoparticles. Even with a simple perovskite as the starting point the end result can be very complex. As more materials are synthesized on the nanoscale, this will become increasingly important to take into consideration. C1 [Crosby, Lawrence A.; Chen, Bor-Rong; Bedzyk, Michael J.; Marks, Laurence D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kennedy, Robert M.; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Wen, Jianguo] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Marks, LD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Crosby, Lawrence/0000-0001-7644-3762 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DOE DE-FG02-03-ER154757, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation FX This material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DOE DE-FG02-03-ER154757. LC also acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. Use of aberration-corrected TEM at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 37 BP 16606 EP 16611 DI 10.1039/c6nr05516h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC1II UT WOS:000387857700004 PM 27722722 ER PT J AU Lepeshkin, S Baturin, V Tikhonov, E Matsko, N Uspenskii, Y Naumova, A Feya, O Schoonen, MA Oganov, AR AF Lepeshkin, Sergey Baturin, Vladimir Tikhonov, Evgeny Matsko, Nikita Uspenskii, Yurii Naumova, Anastasia Feya, Oleg Schoonen, Martin A. Oganov, Artem R. TI Super-oxidation of silicon nanoclusters: magnetism and reactive oxygen species at the surface SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; VISIBLE LUMINESCENCE; NANOPARTICLES; CLUSTERS; GROWTH AB Oxidation of silicon nanoclusters depending on the temperature and oxygen pressure is explored from first principles using the evolutionary algorithm, and structural and thermodynamic analysis. From our calculations of 90 SinOm clusters we found that under normal conditions oxidation does not stop at the stoichiometric SiO2 composition, as it does in bulk silicon, but goes further placing extra oxygen atoms on the cluster surface. These extra atoms are responsible for light emission, relevant to reactive oxygen species and many of them are magnetic. We argue that the super-oxidation effect is size-independent and discuss its relevance to nanotechnology and miscellaneous applications, including biomedical ones. C1 [Lepeshkin, Sergey; Baturin, Vladimir; Matsko, Nikita; Uspenskii, Yurii] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninskii Prosp 53, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Lepeshkin, Sergey; Baturin, Vladimir; Tikhonov, Evgeny; Matsko, Nikita; Naumova, Anastasia; Feya, Oleg; Oganov, Artem R.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. [Tikhonov, Evgeny] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Naumova, Anastasia; Oganov, Artem R.] Skolkovo Innovat Ctr, Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol, Nobel St 3, Moscow 143026, Russia. [Schoonen, Martin A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Oganov, Artem R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Oganov, Artem R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Mat Design, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Oganov, Artem R.] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Xian 720072, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Lepeshkin, S (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Leninskii Prosp 53, Moscow 119991, Russia.; Lepeshkin, S (reprint author), Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. EM lepeshkin@lpi.ru RI Feya, Oleg/J-8532-2014; Lepeshkin, Sergey/M-3663-2015; Baturin, Vladimir/H-2666-2015; Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015; Matsko, Nikita/M-3725-2015 OI Feya, Oleg/0000-0002-6749-950X; Baturin, Vladimir/0000-0001-9624-8104; FU Russian Academy of Sciences [16-32-00922, 14-02-00583, 16-02-00612]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [16-32-00922, 14-02-00583, 16-02-00612]; Russian Science Foundation [16-13-10459]; Foreign Talents Introduction and Academic Exchange Program [B08040]; Project 5-100 grant; USDOE-Office of Science FX This work was supported by Programmes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 16-32-00922, 14-02-00583 and 16-02-00612), the Russian Science Foundation (grant 16-13-10459), the Foreign Talents Introduction and Academic Exchange Program (no. B08040) and the Project 5-100 grant to MIPT. Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the USDOE-Office of Science. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 44 BP 18616 EP 18620 DI 10.1039/c6nr07504e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC1IS UT WOS:000387858700004 PM 27786331 ER PT J AU Rasamani, KD Li, Z Sun, YG AF Rasamani, Kowsalya Devi Li, Zheng Sun, Yugang TI Significant enhancement of photocatalytic water splitting enabled by elimination of surface traps in Pt-tipped CdSe nanorods SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID CHARGE SEPARATION; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES; HYDROGEN GENERATION; METAL TIPS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; LIGHT; NANOCRYSTALS; EFFICIENCY; NANODUMBBELLS; CONVERSION AB Pt-tipped CdSe nanorods epitaxially passivated with atomic-level CdS shells have been synthesized and have significantly improved the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency by 6.5 times. The enhancement is due to the effective elimination of surface defects/trap states in the CdSe nanorods, thereby minimizing exciton recombination and maximizing the charge separation efficiency. C1 [Rasamani, Kowsalya Devi; Sun, Yugang] Temple Univ, Dept Chem, 1901 North 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Li, Zheng] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YG (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Chem, 1901 North 13th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM ygsun@temple.edu RI Li, Zheng/L-1355-2016 OI Li, Zheng/0000-0001-5281-8101 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Temple University FX This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Y. S. thanks the startup support of Temple University. The authors appreciate the help from Dr Richard D. Schaller. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 13 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 44 BP 18621 EP 18625 DI 10.1039/c6nr06902a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC1IS UT WOS:000387858700005 PM 27786325 ER PT J AU Peer, A Dhakal, R Biswas, R Kim, J AF Peer, Akshit Dhakal, Rabin Biswas, Rana Kim, Jaeyoun TI Nanoscale patterning of biopolymers for functional biosurfaces and controlled drug release SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID SCHWANN-CELL GROWTH; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; ACID) FILM; IN-VITRO; SURFACES; DELIVERY; FABRICATION; SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; PROLIFERATION AB We compare the rates of drug release from nanopatterned and flat biodegradable polymer surfaces, and observe significantly lower release rates from the nanopatterned surfaces. Specifically, we nanopattern poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), a biodegradable polymer frequently used for fabricating drug-eluting coronary stents, through microtransfer molding and solvent casting and investigate the nanopattern's impact on the release of sirolimus, an immunosuppressant agent, coated on the PLLA surface using high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We find that PLLA surfaces nanopatterned with 750 nm-pitch nanocup or nanocone arrays exhibit drug release rates significantly lower (25-30%) than that of the flat surface, which is counter-intuitive given the nanopattern-induced increase in their surface areas. Based on diffusion and meniscus curvature minimization analyses, we attribute the decreased drug release rate to the incomplete wetting of the nanopatterned surface. These results provide new insights on how the surface nanopatterning of biomaterials can functionalize the surface and tailor the release kinetics of therapeutic agents coated on it for controlled drug elution. C1 [Peer, Akshit; Biswas, Rana; Kim, Jaeyoun] Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Peer, Akshit; Dhakal, Rabin; Biswas, Rana; Kim, Jaeyoun] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Peer, Akshit; Biswas, Rana] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Biswas, Rana] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biswas, R; Kim, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Biswas, R; Kim, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Biswas, R (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Biswas, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM biswasr@iastate.edu; plasmon@iastate.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1265844] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant CMMI-1265844. We thank Dr W. Straszheim from the Materials Analysis and Research Laboratory (MARL) of Iowa State University for assistance with scanning electron microscopy. This research used the resources of W. M. Keck Metabolomics Laboratory at Iowa State University. We thank Dr M. A. Perera from W. M. Keck Metabolomics Laboratory, E. Manna from Ames Laboratory, and members of the Ames Laboratory Photonic Systems group for stimulating discussions. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 44 BP 18654 EP 18664 DI 10.1039/c6nr05197a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC1IS UT WOS:000387858700011 PM 27722631 ER PT J AU Lin, YC Bilgin, I Ahmed, T Chen, RJ Pete, D Kar, S Zhu, JX Gupta, G Mohite, A Yoo, J AF Lin, Yung-Chen Bilgin, Ismail Ahmed, Towfiq Chen, Renjie Pete, Doug Kar, Swastik Zhu, Jian-Xin Gupta, Gautam Mohite, Aditya Yoo, Jinkyoung TI Charge transfer in crystalline germanium/monolayer MoS2 heterostructures prepared by chemical vapor deposition SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID DER-WAALS EPITAXY; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; FUTURE PERSPECTIVES; GRAPHENE; GROWTH; GERMANIUM; LAYER; NANOSTRUCTURES; CHALCOGENIDES; INTERFACES AB Heterostructuring provides novel opportunities for exploring emergent phenomena and applications by developing designed properties beyond those of homogeneous materials. Advances in nanoscience enable the preparation of heterostructures formed incommensurate materials. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are of particular interest due to their distinct physical characteristics. Recently, 2D/2D heterostructures have opened up new research areas. However, other heterostructures such as 2D/three-dimensional (3D) materials have not been thoroughly studied yet although the growth of 3D materials on 2D materials creating 2D/3D heterostructures with exceptional carrier transport properties has been reported. Here we report a novel heterostructure composed of Ge and monolayer MoS2, prepared by chemical vapor deposition. A single crystalline Ge (110) thin film was grown on monolayer MoS2. The electrical characteristics of Ge and MoS2 in the Ge/MoS2 heterostructure were remarkably different from those of isolated Ge and MoS2. The field-effect conductivity type of the monolayer MoS2 is converted from n-type to p-type by growth of the Ge thin film on top of it. Undoped Ge on MoS2 is highly conducting. The observations can be explained by charge transfer in the heterostructure as opposed to chemical doping via the incorporation of impurities, based on our first-principles calculations. C1 [Lin, Yung-Chen; Yoo, Jinkyoung] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bilgin, Ismail; Kar, Swastik] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bilgin, Ismail; Gupta, Gautam; Mohite, Aditya] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ahmed, Towfiq; Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Renjie] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Pete, Doug] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Yoo, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jyoo@lanl.gov RI Yoo, Jinkyoung/B-5291-2008; Chen, Renjie/B-5639-2017 OI Yoo, Jinkyoung/0000-0002-9578-6979; Chen, Renjie/0000-0002-3145-6882 FU CINT, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LANL FX This work was performed in part at CINT, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000), and funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LANL. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 15 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 44 BP 18675 EP 18681 DI 10.1039/c6nr03621j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC1IS UT WOS:000387858700013 PM 27714095 ER PT J AU Teprovich, JA Washington, AL Dixon, J Ward, PA Christian, JH Peters, B Zhou, J Giri, S Sharp, DN Velten, JA Compton, RN Jena, P Zidan, R AF Teprovich, J. A., Jr. Washington, A. L., II Dixon, J. Ward, P. A. Christian, J. H. Peters, B. Zhou, J. Giri, S. Sharp, D. N. Velten, J. A. Compton, R. N. Jena, P. Zidan, R. TI Investigation of hydrogen induced fluorescence in C-60 and its potential use in luminescence down shifting applications SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; FACILE SYNTHESIS; CARBON NANODOTS; C60H36; EFFICIENT; STORAGE; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; FULLERENES AB Herein the photophysical properties of hydrogenated fullerenes (fulleranes) synthesized by direct hydrogenation utilizing hydrogen pressure (100 bar) and elevated temperatures (350 degrees C) are compared to the fulleranes C60H18 and C60H36 synthesized by amine reduction and the Birch reduction, respectively. Through spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the HOMO-LUMO gaps of C60Hx (0 <= x <= 60), we show that hydrogenation significantly affects the electronic structure of C-60 by decreasing conjugation and increasing sp(3) hybridization. This results in a blue shift of the emission maximum as the number of hydrogen atoms attached to C60 increases. Correlations in the emission spectra of C60Hx produced by direct hydrogenation and by chemical methods also support the hypothesis of the formation of C60H18 and C60H36 during direct hydrogenation with emission maxima of 435 and 550 nm respectively. We also demonstrate that photophysical tunability, stability, and solubility of C60Hx in a variety of organic solvents make them easily adaptable for application as luminescent down-shifters in heads-up displays, light-emitting diodes, and luminescent solar concentrators. The utilizization of carbon based materials in these applications can potentially offer advantages over commonly utilized transition metal based quantum dot chromophores. We therefore propose that the controlled modification of C-60 provides an excellent platform for evaluating how individual chemical and structural changes affect the photophysical properties of a well-defined carbon nanostructure. C1 [Teprovich, J. A., Jr.; Washington, A. L., II; Dixon, J.; Ward, P. A.; Christian, J. H.; Peters, B.; Velten, J. A.; Zidan, R.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Zhou, J.; Jena, P.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Giri, S.] Natl Inst Technol Rourkela, Dept Chem, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India. [Sharp, D. N.; Compton, R. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Teprovich, JA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM joseph.teprovich@srs.gov; ragaiy.zidan@srnl.doe.gov RI Zhou, Jian/C-8652-2015; OI Zhou, Jian/0000-0002-6388-3934; Christian, Jonathan/0000-0003-1967-4841 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division FX Work at SRNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. The solar cell testing and characterization was supported by the SRNL LDRD program. We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Alexei Sokolov's lab at the University of Tennessee - Knoxville for their help with the DLS measurements and David Missimer of SRNL for his help with the XRD measurements. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 44 BP 18760 EP 18770 DI 10.1039/c6nr05998h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC1IS UT WOS:000387858700023 PM 27801449 ER PT J AU Zhang, YL Hashemi, M Lv, ZJ Lyubchenko, YL AF Zhang, Yuliang Hashemi, Mohtadin Lv, Zhengjian Lyubchenko, Yuri L. TI Self-assembly of the full-length amyloid A beta 42 protein in dimers SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ATOMIC-LEVEL CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIPARALLEL BETA-SHEET; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; FORCE-FIELD; DISORDERED PROTEINS; STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; MONTE-CARLO; OLIGOMERS; PEPTIDE AB The self-assembly of amyloid (A beta) proteins into nano-aggregates is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development, yet the mechanism of how disordered monomers assemble into aggregates remains elusive. Here, we applied long-time molecular dynamics simulations to fully characterize the assembly of A beta 42 monomers into dimers. Monomers undergo conformational changes during their interaction, but the resulting dimer structures do not resemble those found in fibril structures. To identify natural conformations of dimers among a set of simulated ones, validation approaches were developed and applied, and a subset of dimer conformations were characterized. These dimers do not contain long beta-strands that are usually found in fibrils. The dimers are stabilized primarily by interactions within the central hydrophobic regions and the C-terminal regions, with a contribution from local hydrogen bonding. The dimers are dynamic, as evidenced by the existence of a set of conformations and by the quantitative analyses of the dimer dissociation process. C1 [Zhang, Yuliang; Hashemi, Mohtadin; Lv, Zhengjian; Lyubchenko, Yuri L.] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Omaha, NE 69198 USA. [Zhang, Yuliang] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Biol & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lyubchenko, YL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Omaha, NE 69198 USA. EM ylyubchenko@unmc.edu FU NSF [ACI-1053575, 1004094]; NIH [GM096039, GM100156]; Bukey Memorial Fellowship; [PSCA14025P] FX We thank Dr Dittrich and his colleagues at the Pittsburg Supercomputing Center (PSC) for their training on the Anton supercomputer and their advice; Dr Schulten for the VMD and NAMD software package; Dr Swanson at the Holland Computing Center (HCC) for advice regarding the use of the HCC facility; and the Texas Advanced Computing Center at the University of Texas at Austin and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) for the use of their facility for aMD simulations, supported by NSF grant ACI-1053575 for XSEDE. This work was supported by NIH grants GM096039 and GM100156, NSF grant 1004094, and the PSCA14025P award for computer time on Anton at PSC - all to YLL. MH was partially supported by Bukey Memorial Fellowship. NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 15 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2016 VL 8 IS 45 BP 18928 EP 18937 DI 10.1039/c6nr06850b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA EC1JD UT WOS:000387859800014 PM 27714140 ER PT J AU Rahman, S Tomiyasu, H Kawazoe, H Zhao, JL Cong, H Ni, XL Zeng, X Elsegood, MRJ Warwick, TG Teat, SJ Redshaw, C Georghiou, PE Yamato, T AF Rahman, Shofiur Tomiyasu, Hirotsugu Kawazoe, Hiroto Zhao, Jiang-Lin Cong, Hang Ni, Xin-Long Zeng, Xi Elsegood, Mark R. J. Warwick, Thomas G. Teat, Simon J. Redshaw, Carl Georghiou, Paris E. Yamato, Takehiko TI A study of anion binding behaviour of 1,3-alternate thiacalix[4]arene-based receptors bearing urea moieties SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNCOMMON REGIOSELECTIVITY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; NEUTRAL MOLECULES; S-ALKYLATION; LOWER RIM; FLUORESCENT; SENSOR; THIACALIXARENES; CHEMOSENSORS; ION AB Three novel thiacalix[4]arene receptors 4(a-c) each with a 1,3-alternate conformation and possessing two urea moieties linking various phenyl groups substituted with either para electron-donating or -withdrawing groups have been synthesized. The binding properties of these receptors were investigated by means of H-1 NMR spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption titration experiments using various anions. The structures and complexation energies were also studied by density functional theory (DFT) methods. The results suggested that receptor 4(c), which possesses two p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ureido moieties, can complex most efficiently in the urea cavity and exhibits high selectivity towards F- and AcO- ions. C1 [Rahman, Shofiur; Tomiyasu, Hirotsugu; Kawazoe, Hiroto; Zhao, Jiang-Lin; Yamato, Takehiko] Saga Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Honjo Machi 1, Saga 8408502, Japan. [Rahman, Shofiur; Georghiou, Paris E.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. [Cong, Hang; Ni, Xin-Long; Zeng, Xi] Guizhou Univ, Dept Key Lab Macrocycl & Supramol Chem Guizhou Pr, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, Peoples R China. [Elsegood, Mark R. J.; Warwick, Thomas G.] Univ Loughborough, Dept Chem, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. [Teat, Simon J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, ALS, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Redshaw, Carl] Univ Hull, Dept Chem, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. RP Yamato, T (reprint author), Saga Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Honjo Machi 1, Saga 8408502, Japan. EM yamatot@cc.saga-u.ac.jp RI Redshaw, Carl/C-5644-2009 OI Redshaw, Carl/0000-0002-2090-1688 FU OTEC at Saga University; International Cooperation Projects of Guizhou Province [20137005]; EPSRC; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed under the Cooperative Research Program of "Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices (Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University)". We would like to thank the OTEC at Saga University and the International Cooperation Projects of Guizhou Province (No. 20137005) for financial support. CR thanks the EPSRC for a travel grant. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The computational work has been assisted by the use of computing resources provided by WestGrid and Compute/Calcul, Canada. We thank Dr Grigory Shamov, Westgrid/U., Manitoba, for support. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1144-0546 EI 1369-9261 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PY 2016 VL 40 IS 11 BP 9245 EP 9251 DI 10.1039/c6nj00923a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB8DP UT WOS:000387621500032 ER PT J AU Laguna, I Schulz, M Richards, DF Calhoun, J Olson, L AF Laguna, Ignacio Schulz, Martin Richards, David F. Calhoun, Jon Olson, Luke GP ACM TI IPAS: Intelligent Protection against Silent Output Corruption in Scientific Applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF CGO 2016: THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CODE GENERATION AND OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO) CY MAR 12-18, 2016 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Assoc Comp Machinery, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE, US Natl Sci Fdn, Google, Microsoft Res, Oracle, Intel, IBM Res, SIGPLAN, SIGMICRO DE Resilience; high-performance computing; compiler analysis; machine learning ID ERROR-DETECTION; SOFT ERRORS; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB This paper presents IPAS, an instruction duplication technique that protects scientific applications from silent data corruption (SDC) in their output. The motivation for IPAS is that, due to natural error masking, only a subset of SDC errors actually affects the output of scientific codes-we call these errors silent output corruption (SOC) errors. Thus applications require duplication only on code that, when affected by a fault, yields SOC. We use machine learning to learn code instructions that must be protected to avoid SOC, and, using a compiler, we protect only those vulnerable instructions by duplication, thus significantly reducing the overhead that is introduced by instruction duplication. In our experiments with five workloads, IPAS reduces the percentage of SOC by up to 90% with a slowdown that ranges between 1.04x and 1.35x, which corresponds to as much as 4 7 % less slowdown than state-of-the-art instruction duplication techniques. C1 [Laguna, Ignacio; Schulz, Martin; Richards, David F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Calhoun, Jon; Olson, Luke] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. RP Laguna, I (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ilaguna@llnl.gov; schulz6@llnl.gov; richards12@llnl.gov; jccalho2@illinois.edu; lukeo@illinois.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-3778-6 PY 2016 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1145/2854038.2854059 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG3EJ UT WOS:000387912400021 ER PT S AU Green, MA AF Green, Michael A. BE Amemiya, N Tanabe, K TI A case study of MgB2 and HTS magnets being cooled and cooled down using a hydrogen thermal-siphon cooling-loop with coolers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (ISS 2015) SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS) CY NOV 16-18, 2015 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Int Superconductiv Technol Ctr DE Hydrogen; Helium; MgB2; Magnet; HTS Magnet; Thermal-siphon Cooling Loop AB When one fabricates a magnet using MgB2 or HTS conductors, the operating temperature of the magnet can be increased into the temperature range from about 15 to 30 K. This temperature range is between the triple-point (13.8 K) and the critical point of para-hydrogen (32.3 K). Hydrogen has excellent heat transfer properties both as a liquid and as a gas at low temperature. The heat of vaporization of hydrogen is larger than any cryogenic fluid. In addition, the specific heat of the liquid and the gas is higher than any cryogenic fluid. Hydrogen may be the best fluid to use to connect a magnet operating between 15 and 30 K with a source of refrigeration. This paper compares magnet cooling at 20 K using helium and hydrogen. A safe completely passive cooling loop is discussed in this paper. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Green, Michael A.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM magreen@lbl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2016 VL 81 BP 154 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2016.04.038 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BG2MU UT WOS:000387484500039 ER PT S AU Jensen, MA LaSalvia, V Morishige, AE Nakajima, K Veschetti, Y Jay, F Jouini, A Youssef, A Stradins, P Buonassisi, T AF Jensen, Mallory A. LaSalvia, Vincenzo Morishige, Ashley E. Nakajima, Kazuo Veschetti, Yannick Jay, Frederic Jouini, Anis Youssef, Amanda Stradins, Paul Buonassisi, Tonio BE Ribeyron, PJ Cuevas, A Weeber, A Ballif, C Glunz, S Poortmans, J Brendel, R Aberle, A Sinton, R Verlinden, P Hahn, G TI Solar cell efficiency and high temperature processing of n-type silicon grown by the noncontact crucible method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAICS (SILICONPV 2016) SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics (SiliconPV) CY MAR 07-09, 2016 CL CEA INES, Chambery, FRANCE HO CEA INES DE silicon; noncontact crucible; defect; swirl; lifetime; tabula rasa; gettering; capex ID LIFETIME AB The capital expense (capex) of conventional crystal growth methods is a barrier to sustainable growth of the photovoltaic industry. It is challenging for innovative techniques to displace conventional growth methods due the low dislocation density and high lifetime required for high efficiency devices. One promising innovation in crystal growth is the noncontact crucible method (NOC-Si), which combines aspects of Czochralski (Cz) and conventional casting. This material has the potential to satisfy the dual requirements, with capex likely between that of Cz (high capex) and multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si, low capex). In this contribution, we observe a strong dependence of solar cell efficiency on ingot height, correlated with the evolution of swirl-like defects, for single crystalline n-type silicon grown by the NOC-Si method. We posit that these defects are similar to those observed in Cz, and we explore the response of NOC-Si to high temperature treatments including phosphorous diffusion gettering (PDG) and Tabula Rasa (TR). The highest lifetimes (2033 mu s for the top of the ingot and 342 mu s for the bottom of the ingot) are achieved for TR followed by a PDG process comprising a standard plateau and a low temperature anneal. Further improvements can be gained by tailoring the time-temperature profiles of each process. Lifetime analysis after the PDG process indicates the presence of a getterable impurity in the as-grown material, while analysis after TR points to the presence of oxide precipitates especially at the bottom of the ingot. Uniform lifetime degradation is observed after TR which we assign to a presently unknown defect. Future work includes additional TR processing to uncover the nature of this defect, microstructural characterization of suspected oxide precipitates, and optimization of the TR process to achieve the dual goals of high lifetime and spatial homogenization. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jensen, Mallory A.; Morishige, Ashley E.; Youssef, Amanda; Buonassisi, Tonio] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [LaSalvia, Vincenzo; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nakajima, Kazuo] FUTURE PV Innovat, Koriyama, Fukushima 9630215, Japan. [Veschetti, Yannick; Jay, Frederic; Jouini, Anis] CEA, LITEN, INES, BP332, F-73377 Le Bourget Du Lac, France. RP Jensen, MA (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2016 VL 92 BP 815 EP 821 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.07.075 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BG2UF UT WOS:000387703900114 ER PT B AU Upadhyay, P Hovanski, Y Jana, S Fifield, LS AF Upadhyay, Piyush Hovanski, Yuri Jana, Saumyadeep Fifield, Leonard S. GP ASME TI JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS USING FRICTION STIR SCRIBE TECHNIQUE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 11TH INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC 2016) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Blacksburg, VA SP ASME, Mfg Engn Div AB Development of a robust and cost-effective method of joining dissimilar materials could provide a critical pathway to enable widespread use of multi-material designs and components in mainstream industrial applications. The use of multi-material components such as steel-aluminum and aluminum-polymer would allow design engineers to optimize material utilization based on service requirements and could often lead to weight and cost reductions. However, producing an effective joint between materials with vastly different thermal, microstructural, and deformation responses is highly problematic using conventional joining and/or fastening methods. This is especially challenging in cost sensitive, high volume markets that largely rely on low cost joining solutions. Friction stir scribe technology was developed to meet the demands of joining materials with drastically different properties and melting regimes. The process enables joining of light metals like magnesium and aluminum to high temperature materials like steel and titanium. Viable joints between polymer composites and metal can also be made using this method. This paper will present the state of the art, progress made, and challenges associated with this innovative derivative of friction stir welding in reference to joining dissimilar metals and polymer/metal combinations. C1 [Upadhyay, Piyush; Hovanski, Yuri; Jana, Saumyadeep; Fifield, Leonard S.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Upadhyay, P (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4989-7 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T02A055 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG3QW UT WOS:000388159100055 ER PT B AU Narayanan, A Kanyuck, A Gupta, SK Rachuri, S AF Narayanan, Anantha Kanyuck, Alec Gupta, Satyandra K. Rachuri, Sudarsan GP ASME TI MACHINE CONDITION DETECTION FOR MILLING OPERATIONS USING LOW COST AMBIENT SENSORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 11TH INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC 2016) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Blacksburg, VA SP ASME, Mfg Engn Div ID TOOL CONDITION; SIGNALS AB In recent years, sensor technology and data mining capabilities have advanced greatly, allowing advanced manufacturing enterprises to closely monitor their manufacturing operations. At the same time, a thriving market has developed for low cost consumer level sensors and processors. A proliferation of low cost sensing hardware, combined with the availability of free and open source software for performing data analytics, provides a new opportunity for smaller manufacturers. Yet, these tools have not been investigated deeply in the manufacturing world. In this work, we use a combination of low cost sensing hardware and free and open source software to monitor a milling machine operation. We demonstrate that the data collected from these sensors can be used to reliably determine the operating condition of the machine. These techniques will be very valuable for small manufacturers, to determine key factors such as machine utilization, or to detect catastrophic failures early during machining. C1 [Narayanan, Anantha; Kanyuck, Alec; Gupta, Satyandra K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rachuri, Sudarsan] US DOE, Adv Mfg Off, Off Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Narayanan, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4990-3 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T04A005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG3QX UT WOS:000388159400040 ER PT B AU Rao, PK Kong, ZY Duty, CE Smith, RJ AF Rao, Prahalad K. Kong, Zhenyu Duty, Chad E. Smith, Rachel J. GP ASME TI THREE DIMENSIONAL POINT CLOUD MEASUREMENT BASED DIMENSIONAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED PARTS USING SPECTRAL GRAPH THEORY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 11TH INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC 2016) CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2016 CL Blacksburg, VA SP ASME, Mfg Engn Div DE Additive Manufacturing; Dimensional Integrity; Point Cloud Data; Spectral Graph Theory; Fiedler Number ID MEDICAL APPLICATIONS; FUTURE PERSPECTIVES; ACCURACY; BENCHMARKING; ART AB The ability of additive manufacturing (AM) processes to produce components with virtually any geometry presents a unique challenge in terms of quantifying the dimensional quality of the part. In this paper, a novel spectral graph theory (SGT) approach is proposed for resolving the following critical quality assurance concern in AM: how to quantify the relative deviation in dimensional integrity of complex AM components. Here, the SGT approach is demonstrated for classifying the dimensional integrity of standardized test components. The SGT-based topological invariant Fiedler number (lambda(2)) was calculated from 3D point cloud coordinate measurements and used to quantify the dimensional integrity of test components. The Fiedler number was found to differ significantly for parts originating from different AM processes (statistical significance p-val. < 1%). By comparison, prevalent dimensional integrity assessment techniques, such as traditional statistical quantifiers (such as mean and standard deviation) and examination of specific facets/landmarks failed to capture part-to-part variations, and thus proved incapable of ranking the quality of test AM components in a consistent manner. In contrast, the SGT approach was able to consistently rank the quality of the AM components with a high degree of statistical confidence independent of sampling technique used. Consequently, from a practical standpoint, the SGT approach can be a powerful tool for assessing the dimensional integrity of AM components, and thus encourage wider adoption of AM capabilities. C1 [Rao, Prahalad K.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Syst Sci & Ind Engn SSIE, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Kong, Zhenyu] Virginia Tech, Grado Dept Ind & Syst Engn ISE, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Duty, Chad E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Duty, Chad E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mech Aerosp & Biomed Engn MABE, Knoxville, TN USA. [Smith, Rachel J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biomed Engn BME, Irvine, CA USA. RP Rao, PK (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Syst Sci & Ind Engn SSIE, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4990-3 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T04A048 PG 14 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG3QX UT WOS:000388159400083 ER PT S AU Robichaud, DJ Nimlos, MR Ellison, GB AF Robichaud, David J. Nimlos, Mark R. Ellison, G. Barney BE Schlaf, M Zhang, ZC TI Pyrolysis Mechanisms of Lignin Model Compounds Using a Heated Micro-Reactor SO REACTION PATHWAYS AND MECHANISMS IN THERMOCATALYTIC BIOMASS CONVERSION II: HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED TRANSFORMATIONS, ACRYLICS FROM BIOMASS, THEORETICAL ASPECTS, LIGNIN VALORIZATION AND PYROLYSIS PATHWAYS SE Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Lignin; Pyrolysis; Gasifi cation; Unimolecular decomposition; Micro-reactor; Reaction mechanisms ID PHENETHYL PHENYL ETHER; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; SUBSTITUTED ANISOLES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADICALS; DISSOCIATION; THERMOLYSIS AB Lignin is an important component of biomass, and the decomposition of its thermal deconstruction products is important in pyrolysis and gasification. In this chapter, we investigate the unimolecular pyrolysis chemistry through the use of singly and doubly substituted benzene molecules that are model compounds representative of lignin and its primary pyrolysis products. These model compounds are decomposed in a heated micro-reactor, and the products, including radicals and unstable intermediates, are measured using photoionization mass spectrometry and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. We show that the unimolecular chemistry can yield insight into the initial decomposition of these species. At pyrolysis and gasifi cation severities, singly substituted benzenes typically undergo bond scission and elimination reactions to form radicals. Some require radical-driven chain reactions. For doubly substituted benzenes, proximity effects of the substituents can change the reaction pathways. C1 [Robichaud, David J.; Nimlos, Mark R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ellison, G. Barney] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Robichaud, DJ; Nimlos, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david.robichaud@nrel.gov; mark.nimlos@nrel.gov NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG SINGAPORE PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SN 2196-6982 BN 978-981-287-769-7; 978-981-287-768-0 J9 GREEN CHEM SUSTAIN T PY 2016 BP 145 EP 171 DI 10.1007/978-981-287-769-7_8 D2 10.1007/978-981-287-769-7 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Organic; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA BF8OH UT WOS:000385215500009 ER PT S AU Rossi, B Agnes, P Alexander, T Alton, A Arisaka, K Back, HO Baldin, B Biery, K Bonfini, G Bossa, M Brigatti, A Brodsk, J Budano, F Calaprice, F Canci, N Candela, A Cariello, M Cavalcante, P Catalanotti, S Chavarria, A Chepurnov, A Cocco, AG Covone, G D'Angelo, D D'Incecco, M De Deo, M Derbin, A Devoto, A Di Eusanio, F Edkins, E Empl, A Fan, A Fiorillo, G Fomenko, K Franco, D Gabriele, F Galbiati, C Goretti, A Grandi, L Guan, MY Guardincerri, Y Hackett, B Herner, K Hungerford, EV Ianni, A Ianni, A Kendziora, C Koh, G Korablev, D Korga, G Kurlej, A Li, PX Lombardi, P Luitz, S Machulin, I Mandarano, A Mari, S Maricic, J Marini, L Martoff, CJ Meyers, PD Montanari, D Montuschi, M Monzani, ME Musico, P Odrowski, S Orsini, M Ortica, F Pagani, L Pallavicini, M Pantic, E Papp, L Parmeggiano, S Pelliccia, N Perasso, S Pocar, A Pordes, S Qian, H Randle, K Ranucci, G Razeto, A Reinhold, B Renshaw, A Romani, A Rossi, N Rountree, SD Sablone, D Saldanha, R Sands, W Segreto, E Shields, E Smirnov, O Sotnikov, A Stanford, C Suvorov, Y Tartaglia, R Tatarowicz, J Testera, G Tonazzo, A Unzhakov, E Vogelaar, RB Wada, M Walker, S Wang, H Watson, A Westerdale, S Wojcik, M Xiang, X Xu, J Yang, CG Yoo, J Zavatarelli, S Zec, A Zhu, C Zuzel, G AF Rossi, B. Agnes, P. Alexander, T. Alton, A. Arisaka, K. Back, H. O. Baldin, B. Biery, K. Bonfini, G. Bossa, M. Brigatti, A. Brodsk, J. Budano, F. Calaprice, F. Canci, N. Candela, A. Cariello, M. Cavalcante, P. Catalanotti, S. Chavarria, A. Chepurnov, A. Cocco, A. G. Covone, G. D'Angelo, D. D'Incecco, M. De Deo, M. Derbin, A. Devoto, A. Di Eusanio, F. Edkins, E. Empl, A. Fan, A. Fiorillo, G. Fomenko, K. Franco, D. Gabriele, F. Galbiati, C. Goretti, A. Grandi, L. Guan, M. Y. Guardincerri, Y. Hackett, B. Herner, K. Hungerford, E. V. Ianni, Al. Ianni, An. Kendziora, C. Koh, G. Korablev, D. Korga, G. Kurlej, A. Li, P. X. Lombardi, P. Luitz, S. Machulin, I. Mandarano, A. Mari, S. Maricic, J. Marini, L. Martoff, C. J. Meyers, P. D. Montanari, D. Montuschi, M. Monzani, M. E. Musico, P. Odrowski, S. Orsini, M. Ortica, F. Pagani, L. Pallavicini, M. Pantic, E. Papp, L. Parmeggiano, S. Pelliccia, N. Perasso, S. Pocar, A. Pordes, S. Qian, H. Randle, K. Ranucci, G. Razeto, A. Reinhold, B. Renshaw, A. Romani, A. Rossi, N. Rountree, S. D. Sablone, D. Saldanha, R. Sands, W. Segreto, E. Shields, E. Smirnov, O. Sotnikov, A. Stanford, C. Suvorov, Y. Tartaglia, R. Tatarowicz, J. Testera, G. Tonazzo, A. Unzhakov, E. Vogelaar, R. B. Wada, M. Walker, S. Wang, H. Watson, A. Westerdale, S. Wojcik, M. Xiang, X. Xu, J. Yang, C. G. Yoo, J. Zavatarelli, S. Zec, A. Zhu, C. Zuzel, G. BE Piattelli, P Capone, A Coniglione, R DeBonis, G DeVincenzi, M Distefano, C Morselli, A Sapienza, P TI The DarkSide Program SO ROMA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS 2014 (RICAP-14) SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Roma International Conference on Astroparticle Physics (RICAP) CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2014 CL Consorzio Univ Mediterraneo Orientale, Noto, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucleare, Lab Nazionali Sud, Univ Roma Sapienza, Univ Studi Roma Tor Vergata, Univ Studi Roma Tre, Astro Particelle, Hamamatsu Photon, C A E N HO Consorzio Univ Mediterraneo Orientale ID LIQUID ARGON; AR-39 AB DarkSide-50 at Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS), Italy, is a direct dark matter search experiment based on a liquid argon TPC. DS-50 has completed its first dark matter run using atmospheric argon as target. The detector performances and the results of the first physics run are presented in this proceeding. C1 [Empl, A.; Hungerford, E. V.; Korga, G.; Sablone, D.] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Agnes, P.; Franco, D.; Perasso, S.; Tonazzo, A.] Univ Paris Diderot, APC, Sorbonne Paris Cite, F-75205 Paris, France. [Alexander, T.; Kurlej, A.; Pocar, A.; Randle, K.; Zec, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Alton, A.] Augustana Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA. [Arisaka, K.; Canci, N.; Fan, A.; Pantic, E.; Renshaw, A.; Suvorov, Y.; Wang, H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Rossi, B.; Back, H. O.; Brodsk, J.; Calaprice, F.; Di Eusanio, F.; Galbiati, C.; Goretti, A.; Ianni, An.; Koh, G.; Meyers, P. D.; Qian, H.; Sands, W.; Shields, E.; Stanford, C.; Wada, M.; Westerdale, S.; Xiang, X.; Xu, J.; Zhu, C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Baldin, B.; Biery, K.; Guardincerri, Y.; Herner, K.; Kendziora, C.; Montanari, D.; Pordes, S.; Yoo, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bonfini, G.; Candela, A.; Cavalcante, P.; D'Incecco, M.; De Deo, M.; Gabriele, F.; Ianni, Al.; Montuschi, M.; Odrowski, S.; Orsini, M.; Razeto, A.; Rossi, N.; Segreto, E.; Tartaglia, R.] Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi, AQ, Italy. [Bossa, M.; Mandarano, A.] Gran Sasso Sci Inst, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Brigatti, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Lombardi, P.; Parmeggiano, S.; Ranucci, G.] Univ Milan, Dept Phys, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Brigatti, A.; D'Angelo, D.; Lombardi, P.; Parmeggiano, S.; Ranucci, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Budano, F.; Mari, S.; Marini, L.] Univ Rome Tre, Dept Phys, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Budano, F.; Mari, S.; Marini, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Cariello, M.; Musico, P.; Pagani, L.; Pallavicini, M.; Testera, G.; Zavatarelli, S.] Univ Genoa, Dept Phys, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Cariello, M.; Musico, P.; Pagani, L.; Pallavicini, M.; Testera, G.; Zavatarelli, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Chavarria, A.; Grandi, L.; Saldanha, R.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Kavli Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chavarria, A.; Grandi, L.; Saldanha, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chepurnov, A.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Rossi, B.; Catalanotti, S.; Cocco, A. G.; Covone, G.; Fiorillo, G.; Walker, S.] Univ Federico II, Dept Phys, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Rossi, B.; Catalanotti, S.; Cocco, A. G.; Covone, G.; Fiorillo, G.; Walker, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Derbin, A.; Unzhakov, E.] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. [Devoto, A.] Univ Cagliari, Dept Phys, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy. [Devoto, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy. [Edkins, E.; Hackett, B.; Maricic, J.; Reinhold, B.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fomenko, K.; Korablev, D.; Smirnov, O.; Sotnikov, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Guan, M. Y.; Li, P. X.; Yang, C. G.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Luitz, S.; Monzani, M. E.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Machulin, I.] Natl Res Nucl Univ, Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Martoff, C. J.; Tatarowicz, J.; Watson, A.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Ortica, F.; Pelliccia, N.; Romani, A.] Univ Perugia, Chem Biol & Biotechnol Dept, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Ortica, F.; Pelliccia, N.; Romani, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Papp, L.; Rountree, S. D.; Vogelaar, R. B.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Wojcik, M.; Zuzel, G.] Jagiellonian Univ, Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Rossi, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA.; Rossi, B (reprint author), Univ Federico II, Dept Phys, I-80126 Naples, Italy.; Rossi, B (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM rossib@princeton.edu RI Machulin, Igor/R-9711-2016; Ortica, Fausto/C-1001-2013; Canci, Nicola/E-7498-2017 OI Franco, Davide/0000-0001-5604-2531; Xu, Jingke/0000-0001-8084-5609; Rossi, Nicola/0000-0002-7046-528X; Ortica, Fausto/0000-0001-8276-452X; Canci, Nicola/0000-0002-4797-4297 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-9003-3 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 121 AR UNSP 06010 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201612106010 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG2LJ UT WOS:000387433200048 ER PT J AU Saltas, V Chroneos, A Cooper, MWD Fitzpatrick, ME Vallianatos, F AF Saltas, V. Chroneos, A. Cooper, M. W. D. Fitzpatrick, M. E. Vallianatos, F. TI Investigation of oxygen self-diffusion in PuO2 by combining molecular dynamics with thermodynamic calculations SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID POINT-DEFECT PARAMETERS; ACTIVATION VOLUME; SINGLE MEASUREMENT; PLUTONIUM DIOXIDE; VACANCY MOTION; NUCLEAR-FUELS; THORIUM FUEL; LOWER MANTLE; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE AB In the present work, the defect properties of oxygen self-diffusion in PuO2 are investigated over a wide temperature (300-1900 K) and pressure (0-10 GPa) range, by combining molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic calculations. Based on the well-established cB Omega thermodynamic model which connects the activation Gibbs free energy of diffusion with the bulk elastic and expansion properties, various point defect parameters such as activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and activation volume were calculated as a function of T and P. Molecular dynamics calculations provided the necessary bulk properties for the proper implementation of the thermodynamic model, in the lack of any relevant experimental data. The estimated compressibility and the thermal expansion coefficient of activation volume are found to be more than one order of magnitude greater than the corresponding values of the bulk plutonia. The diffusion mechanism is discussed in the context of the temperature and pressure dependence of the activation volume. C1 [Saltas, V.; Vallianatos, F.] Technol Educ Inst Crete, Sch Appl Sci, Iraklion, Greece. [Saltas, V.; Vallianatos, F.] UNESCO Chair Solid Earth Phys & Geohazards Risk R, Iraklion, Greece. [Chroneos, A.] Imperial Coll London, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Chroneos, A.; Fitzpatrick, M. E.] Coventry Univ, Fac Engn Environm & Comp, Priory St, Coventry CV1 5FB, W Midlands, England. [Cooper, M. W. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saltas, V (reprint author), Technol Educ Inst Crete, Sch Appl Sci, Iraklion, Greece.; Saltas, V (reprint author), UNESCO Chair Solid Earth Phys & Geohazards Risk R, Iraklion, Greece. EM vsaltas@chania.teicrete.gr FU Lloyd's Register Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling Simulation (NEAMS) program; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX A. C. and M. E. F. are grateful for funding from the Lloyd's Register Foundation, a charitable foundation helping to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research. Work performed by M. W. D. C. was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling Simulation (NEAMS) program. Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 105 BP 103641 EP 103649 DI 10.1039/c6ra24575g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB9PC UT WOS:000387726500100 ER PT J AU Metere, A Oleynikov, P Dzugutov, M Lidin, S AF Metere, Alfredo Oleynikov, Peter Dzugutov, Mikhail Lidin, Sven TI A smectic dodecagonal quasicrystal SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPACE-GROUPS; LIQUID; PHASE AB We report a solid smectic phase that exhibits dodecagonal global order. It is composed of axially stacked hexagonally ordered particle layers, and its 12-fold rotational symmetry induced by the 301 rotation of adjacent layers with respect to each other. A quasicrystal was produced in a molecular-dynamics simulation of a single-component system of particles interacting via a spherically-symmetric potential. It was formed as a result of a first-order phase transition from an isotropic liquid state that occurred under constant-density cooling. This finding implies that a similarly structured quasicrystal can possibly be produced by the same class of systems as those forming smectic-B crystals. This quasicrystal can also be expected to arise in a system of spherically-shaped colloidal particles with appropriately tuned potential. C1 [Metere, Alfredo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Mat Sci Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave L-367, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Oleynikov, Peter] Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Dzugutov, Mikhail] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Math, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lidin, Sven] Lund Univ, Div Polymer & Mat Chem, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Metere, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Mat Sci Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave L-367, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM metere1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We are grateful to Dr Tomas Oppelstrup for many useful discussions and Lunarc Center for providing computer resources. The main part of the simulation was performed using GROMACS software. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 10 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 43 BP 8869 EP 8875 DI 10.1039/c6sm01832g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA EC2XS UT WOS:000387988400008 PM 27722432 ER PT S AU Daffron, C Chan, J Disney, A Bechtel, L Wagner, R Dean, ME Rose, GS Plank, JS Birdwell, JD Schuman, CD AF Daffron, Christopher Chan, Jason Disney, Adam Bechtel, Luke Wagner, Ryan Dean, Mark E. Rose, Garrett S. Plank, James S. Birdwell, J. Douglas Schuman, Catherine D. GP IEEE TI Extensions and Enhancements for the DANNA Neuromorphic Architecture SO SOUTHEASTCON 2016 SE IEEE SoutheastCon-Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SoutheastCon CY MAR 30-APR 03, 2016 CL Norfolk, VA ID SPIKING NEURAL-NETWORKS; HARDWARE AB Dynamic Adaptive Neural Network Arrays (DANNAs) are neuromorphic systems that have been developed for hardware implementation. They feature highly adaptive and programmable structural elements, which model artificial neural networks with spiking behavior. In this paper, we highlight the current hardware implementations of DANNA, including their features and functionalities. We conclude with future directions. C1 [Daffron, Christopher; Chan, Jason; Disney, Adam; Bechtel, Luke; Wagner, Ryan; Dean, Mark E.; Rose, Garrett S.; Plank, James S.; Birdwell, J. Douglas] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schuman, Catherine D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Data Analyt, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Daffron, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1558-058X BN 978-1-5090-2246-5 J9 IEEE SOUTHEASTCON PY 2016 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG1SG UT WOS:000387067900120 ER PT J AU Ruoti, S Andersen, J Hendershot, T Zappala, D Seamons, K AF Ruoti, Scott Andersen, Jeff Hendershot, Travis Zappala, Daniel Seamons, Kent GP ACM TI Private Webmail 2.0: Simple and Easy-to-Use Secure Email SO UIST 2016: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 29TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON USER INTERFACE SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) CY OCT 16-19, 2016 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP ACM SIGCHI, ACM SIGGRAPH, AUTODESK, Recruit Inst Technol, Google, Google ATAP, Microsoft, FXPAL, Adobe, Sony Comp Sci Lab Inc, INNOLAB, Sensel, Unity, Yahoo Japan, Yukai Engn, Dynam Graph Project, TL, Synaptics, Oculus DE Security; Usability; Secure email; Encryption AB Private Webmail 2.0 (Pwm 2.0) improves upon the current state of the art by increasing the usability and practical security of secure email for ordinary users. More users are able to send and receive encrypted emails without mistakenly revealing sensitive information. In this paper we describe four user interface traits that positively affect the usability and security of Pwm 2.0. In a user study involving 51 participants we validate that these interface modifications result in high usability, few mistakes, and a strong understanding of the protection provided to secure email messages. We also show that the use of manual encryption has no effect on usability or security. C1 [Ruoti, Scott; Andersen, Jeff; Hendershot, Travis; Zappala, Daniel; Seamons, Kent] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ruoti, Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ruoti, S (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA.; Ruoti, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ruoti@isrl.byu.edu; andersen@isrl.byu.edu; hendershot@isrl.byu.edu; zappala@cs.byu.edu; seamons@cs.byu.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-4531-6 PY 2016 BP 461 EP 472 DI 10.1145/2984511.2984580 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BG2RU UT WOS:000387605000043 ER PT S AU Driscoll, F Jonkman, J Robertson, A Sirnivas, S Skaare, B Nielsen, FG AF Driscoll, Frederick Jonkman, Jason Robertson, Amy Sirnivas, Senu Skaare, Bjorn Nielsen, Finn Gunnar BE Tande, JOG Kvamsdal, T Muskulus, M TI Validation of a FAST Model of the Statoil-Hywind Demo Floating Wind Turbine SO 13TH DEEP SEA OFFSHORE WIND R&D CONFERENCE, EERA DEEPWIND'2016 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Conference (EERA DeepWind) CY JAN 20-22, 2016 CL Trondheim, NORWAY DE FAST; model validation; StatoilHywind demo; floating offshore wind turbine; measurement data; open-ocean conditions AB To assess the accuracy of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) FAST simulation tool for modeling the coupled response of floating offshore wind turbines under realistic open-ocean conditions, NREL developed a FAST model of the Statoil Hywind Demo floating offshore wind turbine, and validated simulation results against field measurements. Field data were provided by Statoil, which conducted a comprehensive test measurement campaign of its demonstration system, a 2.3-MW Siemens turbine mounted on a spar substructure deployed about 10 km off the island of Karmoy in Norway. A top-down approach was used to develop the FAST model, starting with modeling the blades and working down to the mooring system. Design data provided by Siemens and Statoil were used to specify the structural, aerodynamic, and dynamic properties. Measured wind speeds and wave spectra were used to develop the wind and wave conditions used in the model. The overall system performance and behavior were validated for eight sets of field measurements that span a wide range of operating conditions. The simulated controller response accurately reproduced the measured blade pitch and power. The structural and blade loads and spectra of platform motion agree well with the measured data. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Driscoll, Frederick; Jonkman, Jason; Robertson, Amy; Sirnivas, Senu] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Skaare, Bjorn; Nielsen, Finn Gunnar] Statoil ASA, Sandsliveien 90, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Driscoll, F (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM frederick.driscoll@nrel.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2016 VL 94 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.181 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BG2RG UT WOS:000387586600001 ER PT S AU Robertson, AN Wendt, F Jonkman, JM Popko, W Borg, M Bredmose, H Schlutter, F Qvist, J Bergua, R Harries, R Yde, A Nygaard, TA de Vaal, JB Oggiano, L Bozonnet, P Bouy, L Sanchez, CB Garcia, RG Bachynski, EE Tu, Y Bayati, I Borisade, F Shin, H van der Zee, T Guerinel, M AF Robertson, Amy N. Wendt, Fabian Jonkman, Jason M. Popko, Wojciech Borg, Michael Bredmose, Henrik Schlutter, Flemming Qvist, Jacob Bergua, Roger Harries, Rob Yde, Anders Nygaard, Tor Anders de Vaal, Jacobus Bernardus Oggiano, Luca Bozonnet, Pauline Bouy, Ludovic Barrera Sanchez, Carlos Guanche Garcia, Raul Bachynski, Erin E. Tu, Ying Bayati, Ilmas Borisade, Friedemann Shin, Hyunkyoung van der Zee, Tjeerd Guerinel, Matthieu BE Tande, JOG Kvamsdal, T Muskulus, M TI OC5 Project Phase Ib: Validation of Hydrodynamic Loading on a Fixed, Flexible Cylinder for Offshore Wind Applications SO 13TH DEEP SEA OFFSHORE WIND R&D CONFERENCE, EERA DEEPWIND'2016 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Conference (EERA DeepWind) CY JAN 20-22, 2016 CL Trondheim, NORWAY DE Verification; validation; monopile; cylinder; hydrodynamics; offshore wind AB This paper summarizes the findings from Phase Ib of the Offshore Code Comparison, Collaboration, Continued with Correlation (OC5) project. OC5 is a project run under the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Research Task 30, and is focused on validating the tools used for modelling offshore wind systems through the comparison of simulated responses of select offshore wind systems (and components) to physical test data. For Phase Ib of the project, simulated hydrodynamic loads on a flexible cylinder fixed to a sloped bed were validated against test measurements made in the shallow water basin at the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI) with support from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The first phase of OC5 examined two simple cylinder structures (Phase Ia and Ib) to focus on validation of hydrodynamic models used in the various tools before moving on to more complex offshore wind systems and the associated coupled physics. Verification and validation activities such as these lead to improvement of offshore wind modelling tools, which will enable the development of more innovative and costeffective offshore wind designs. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Robertson, Amy N.; Wendt, Fabian; Jonkman, Jason M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Popko, Wojciech] Fraunhofer IWES, Bad Hersfeld, Germany. [Borg, Michael; Bredmose, Henrik; Yde, Anders] Tech Univ Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. [Schlutter, Flemming] Danish Hydraul Inst, Horsholm, Denmark. [Qvist, Jacob] 4Subsea, Hvalstad, Norway. [Bergua, Roger] GE Renewable Energy, Barcelona, Spain. [Harries, Rob] DNV GL, Bristol, Avon, England. [Nygaard, Tor Anders; de Vaal, Jacobus Bernardus; Oggiano, Luca] Inst Energy Technol, Kjeller, Norway. [Bozonnet, Pauline] IFP Energies Nouvelles, Hauts De Seine, France. [Bouy, Ludovic] PRINCIPIA, Hauts De Seine, France. [Guanche Garcia, Raul] Univ Cantabria IH Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain. [Bachynski, Erin E.] MARINTEK, Trondheim, Norway. [Tu, Ying] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Trondheim, Norway. [Bayati, Ilmas] Politecn Milan, Milan, Italy. [Borisade, Friedemann] Univ Stuttgart, Stuttgart Wind Energy, Stuttgart, Germany. [Shin, Hyunkyoung] Univ Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea. [van der Zee, Tjeerd] Knowledge Ctr WMC, Wieringerwerf, Netherlands. [Guerinel, Matthieu] WavEC Offshore Renewables, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Robertson, AN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM amy.robertson@nrel.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2016 VL 94 BP 82 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.201 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BG2RG UT WOS:000387586600009 ER PT S AU Karali, N Zhang, D Ren, GQ Shaffer, B Clampitt, K Yu, JC Yinger, R Marnay, C AF Karali, Nihan Zhang, Dong Ren, GuoQi Shaffer, Brendan Clampitt, Kevin Yu, JianCheng Yinger, Robert Marnay, Chris GP IEEE TI Benefits Analysis of Smart Grid Demonstration Projects SO 2016 CHINA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION (CICED) SE China International Conference on Electricity Distribution LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED) CY AUG 10-13, 2016 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP CIRED Chinese Natl Comm, State Grid Corp China, IEEE Power & Energy Scoiety, Int Council Large Elect Syst, Inst Engn & Technol, Xian Jiaotong Univ DE benefits analysis; microgrids; smart grid; combined heat and power AB Three example benefits analyses of smart grid demonstration projects are reported. Two U.S. projects are both in Irvine, CA. Southern California Edison's Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration project achieved excellent results for Volt-VAR control, but 9 demonstration zero net energy homes proved far from economic. A microgrid controller being developed for the U.C. Irvine campus promises valuable reliability benefits, and its combined heat and power plant delivers significant ongoing benefits. At the Tianjin Eco-city, multiple demonstrations have been effective technically, but fall short of economic viability. C1 [Karali, Nihan; Marnay, Chris] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Int Energy Studies Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. [Zhang, Dong; Ren, GuoQi; Yu, JianCheng] State Grid Corp China, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shaffer, Brendan] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Clampitt, Kevin; Yinger, Robert] Southern Calif Edison, Rosemead, CA USA. RP Karali, N (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Int Energy Studies Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. EM NKarali@lbl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-7481 BN 978-1-4673-9068-2 J9 CHIN INT CONF ELECTR PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1XR UT WOS:000387139500502 ER PT S AU Waters, RT AF Waters, Richard T. GP IEEE TI CHANGING AN ELECTRICAL SAFETY CULTURE - THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING WHY SO 2016 IEEE IAS ELECTRICAL SAFETY WORKSHOP (ESW) SE IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW) CY MAR 07-11, 2016 CL Jacksonville, FL SP IEEE Adv Technol Human, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Work Practices; Barrier; NFPA 70E; journeyman; apprentice; implementation; training; analogies AB Electrical workers, regardless of experience, are faced with a major barrier when first introduced to NFPA 70E, "The Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace," and an erroneous electrical safety culture pre-exists. This paper describes, from the author's point of view, the barrier that he and other electrical workers have experienced and his insight into overcoming the barrier. The author in conclusion will present a series of techniques that can be used to assist other electrical workers in overcoming the barrier. C1 [Waters, Richard T.] Idaho Natl Lab, Battelle Energy Alliance, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Waters, RT (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Battelle Energy Alliance, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Richard.Waters@INL.Gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2326-3288 BN 978-1-4673-9922-7 J9 IEEE IAS ELECTR SAFE PY 2016 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG1YZ UT WOS:000387165900024 ER PT J AU Spinella, L Park, M Im, JH Ho, P Tamura, N Jiang, TF AF Spinella, Laura Park, Miseok Im, Jang-Hi Ho, Paul Tamura, Nobumichi Jiang, Tengfei GP IEEE TI Effect of Scaling Copper Through-Silicon Vias on Stress and Reliability for 3D Interconnects SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE / ADVANCED METALLIZATION CONFERENCE (IITC/AMC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference / Advanced Metallization Conference (IITC/AMC) CY MAY 23-26, 2016 CL San Jose, CA SP IEEE DE TSV; scaling; extrusion; microstructure; reliability ID THIN-FILMS AB In this paper, the scaling effect on copper TSV stress and reliability is investigated, focusing on the correlation of microstructure with plasticity and extrusion for 10, 5, and 2 mu m diameter vias, fabricated by the via middle process. X-ray microdiffraction revealed local plasticity in the tops of the vias for all sizes, and showed that this seemed to depend on the variations in the grain structure. The microstructure showed a tight distribution of grain sizes after the post-plating anneal, but further annealing caused considerable spreads for all via diameters. This trend is consistent with the via extrusion statistics observed, where the absolute values and variation in the extrusion heights increased significantly with annealing. Overall, these results suggest that scaling down TSV dimensions may not improve the stress and reliability behavior, particularly after further annealing at 400 degrees C. Since such annealing processes are required for via-middle fabrication, it seems that via reliability will continue to be a challenge as TSV scaling continues. C1 [Spinella, Laura; Park, Miseok; Im, Jang-Hi; Ho, Paul] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Tamura, Nobumichi] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Jiang, Tengfei] Univ Cent Florida, Mat Sci & Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Ho, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM Paulho@mail.utexas.edu; Ntamura@lbl.gov; Tengfei.jiang@ucf.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-0386-0 PY 2016 BP 80 EP 82 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BG1RF UT WOS:000387046400031 ER PT S AU DeBardeleben, N AF DeBardeleben, Nathan GP IEEE TI Extreme Scale and Bleeding Edge Technology Lead to a Need for Resilient High Performance Computing Systems SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB High Performance Computing (HPC) and supercomputing are an important sector of the computing field. Distinguishing itself from cloud computing, HPC systems are sized to run extremely large and important calculations such as tightly coupled numerical simulations. These often run for days to weeks on supercomputers and are used to inform scientific discovery and national security. It comes as no surprise then that reliable HPC systems are integral to producing believable scientific results. In this paper we build on years of experience studying supercomputers around the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and bring together insights about challenges and needs for HPC reliability. First, we discuss the state of the practice in HPC reliability. We look at a sampling of results from previous work and how reliability telemetry data is used by vendors, system architects, and end users. Finally, we discuss some changes coming in the next decade for HPC systems and how the technology we depend on will drive new reliability challenges that must be addressed and monitored. C1 [DeBardeleben, Nathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Performance Comp, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP DeBardeleben, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Performance Comp, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ndebard@lanl.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4673-9136-8 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2016 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG1WP UT WOS:000387121900013 ER PT S AU Mahto, R Zarkesh-Ha, P Lavrova, O AF Mahto, Rakeskumar Zarkesh-Ha, Payman Lavrova, Olga GP IEEE TI Reconfigurable Power Management for Monolithic CMOS-on-Photovoltaic under Partial and Complete Shading SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 17-21, 2016 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE DE MOSFET; CMOS; photovoltaics; SerDes; partial shading; bypass diode AB The Photovoltaic (PV) cells of a module can be made to operate in various load and lighting condition by using switches to connect in series or parallel for various load requirements in the field, such as high voltage and low current versus high current and low voltage. Compared to having external switches monolithic CMOS-on-PV cells improves the module efficiency by providing better reliability and lifetime. In this paper, a partial and complete shading detection algorithm is presented. Also, a model for calculating the output current and voltage equation for the monolithic CMOS-on-PV cell is presented. C1 [Mahto, Rakeskumar; Zarkesh-Ha, Payman] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lavrova, Olga] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87114 USA. RP Mahto, R (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rkmahto@unm.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4673-9136-8 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2016 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BG1WP UT WOS:000387121900022 ER PT S AU Rodrigues, A AF Rodrigues, Arun GP IEEE TI Optical Networks for High-Performance Computing: Promises and Perils SO 2016 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE (OI) SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Optical Interconnects Conference (OI) CY MAY 09-11, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Mentor Graph, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Lumerical Solut, Silicon Initiat Inc, Oracle AB Optical networks hold great promise for improving the performance of supercomputers, yet they have always proven just out of reach. This talk will examine the potential of optical interconnects, barriers to adoption, and possible solutions from hardware/software co-design. C1 [Rodrigues, Arun] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rodrigues, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM afrodri@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-5090-1874-1 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2016 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BG1KA UT WOS:000386848500001 PM 27014945 ER PT S AU Martinez, NJD DeRose, CT Brock, RW Starbuck, AL Pomerene, AT Lentine, AL Trotter, DC Davids, PS AF Martinez, Nicholas J. D. DeRose, Christopher T. Brock, Reinhard W. Starbuck, Andrew L. Pomerene, Andrew T. Lentine, Anthony L. Trotter, Douglas C. Davids, Paul S. GP IEEE TI Characterization of high performance waveguide-coupled linear mode avalanche photodiodes SO 2016 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE (OI) SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Optical Interconnects Conference (OI) CY MAY 09-11, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Mentor Graph, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Lumerical Solut, Silicon Initiat Inc, Oracle DE tranceiver; gain-bandwidth product; SACM; grating coupled; lateral multiplication region; Ge-on-Si ID GAIN-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT AB We present experimental results for a Ge on Si separate absorption and charge multiplication (SACM) integrated waveguide coupled avalanche photodiode (APD) compatible with our silicon photonics platform. Our linear mode APD has a gain-bandwidth product in excess of 200 GHz. Furthermore, we demonstrate error free operation (BER< 10(-12)) with our waveguide coupled linear mode APD using pseudo-random bit sequence (PBRS) data at 10 Gb/s. C1 [Martinez, Nicholas J. D.; DeRose, Christopher T.; Brock, Reinhard W.; Starbuck, Andrew L.; Pomerene, Andrew T.; Lentine, Anthony L.; Trotter, Douglas C.; Davids, Paul S.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martinez, NJD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-5090-1874-1 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2016 BP 100 EP 101 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BG1KA UT WOS:000386848500045 ER PT S AU Cai, H Boynton, N Lentine, AL Pomerene, A Trotter, DC Starbuck, AL Davids, P DeRose, CT AF Cai, Hong Boynton, Nicholas Lentine, Anthony L. Pomerene, Andrew Trotter, Douglas C. Starbuck, Andrew L. Davids, Paul DeRose, Christopher T. GP IEEE TI An Adiabatic/Diabatic Polarization Beam Splitter SO 2016 IEEE OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS CONFERENCE (OI) SE Optical Interconnects Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Optical Interconnects Conference (OI) CY MAY 09-11, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Mentor Graph, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Lumerical Solut, Silicon Initiat Inc, Oracle AB We demonstrate an on-chip polarization beam splitter (PBS), which is adiabatic for the transverse magnetic mode, and diabatic for the transverse electric mode. The PBS has a simple structure that is tolerant to manufacturing variations and exhibits high polarization extinction ratios over a wide bandwidth. C1 [Cai, Hong; Boynton, Nicholas; Lentine, Anthony L.; Pomerene, Andrew; Trotter, Douglas C.; Starbuck, Andrew L.; Davids, Paul; DeRose, Christopher T.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Boynton, Nicholas] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cai, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-8665 BN 978-1-5090-1874-1 J9 OPT INTERCONNECT C PY 2016 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Telecommunications GA BG1KA UT WOS:000386848500046 ER PT J AU Bravo, RJ Chassin, DP AF Bravo, Richard J. Chassin, David P. GP IEEE TI Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR) Model Validation SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE FIDVR modeling; air conditioner stalling; A/C stalling; voltage ride through AB The purpose of this paper is to present the validation of the WECC's air conditioner motor model (LD1PAC) that can be used to properly replicate Fault Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery (FIDVR) events. WECC tested 27 Residential Air Conditioning (RAC) that served as foundation for developing, testing, and validating the LD1PAC. In addition to the RAC dynamic behavior, this model include various RAC's control mechanisms such as power contactor, motor windings thermal protection, and thermostat. The LD1PAC was extensively tested for mathematical stability where over 15 iteration and repairs were necessary to assure its stability. Later, the model was validated with the actual performance of the tested RAC. The voltage ramp provided a very close match with the actual dynamic performance of a RAC. This model was also validated with actual field FIDVR events captured by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). This information can be used by utilities and independent system operators (ISOs) to improve FIDVR events validation and design appropriate measures to stabilize the system during these events. C1 [Bravo, Richard J.] Southern Calif Edison, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bravo, RJ (reprint author), Southern Calif Edison, Rosemead, CA 91770 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500185 ER PT J AU Broderick, RJ Munoz-Ramos, K Reno, MJ AF Broderick, Robert J. Munoz-Ramos, Karina Reno, Matthew J. GP IEEE TI Accuracy of Clustering as a Method to Group Distribution Feeders by PV Hosting Capacity SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE clustering methods; distributed power generation; power distribution; principal component analysis AB This paper examines the accuracy of clustering techniques for predicting hosting capacity. Hosting capacity results for 214 study feeders were used to predict a range of hosting capacities for an addition 7929 feeders using clustering techniques. Several methods were explored to try to improve the accuracy for predicting hosting capacity, including increasing the number of clusters, selecting variables that are highly correlated to hosting capacity for clustering, and weighting highly correlated clustering variables. The average normalized interquartile range (ANIQR) is used to compare the accuracy of several clustering methods for predicting hosting capacity. C1 [Broderick, Robert J.; Munoz-Ramos, Karina; Reno, Matthew J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Distributed Solar Grid Integrat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Broderick, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Distributed Solar Grid Integrat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500220 ER PT J AU Cui, MJ Zhang, J Wu, HG Hodge, BM Ke, DP Sun, YZ AF Cui, Mingjian Zhang, Jie Wu, Hongyu Hodge, Bri-Mathias Ke, Deping Sun, Yuanzhang GP IEEE TI Wind Power Ramping Product for Increasing Power System Flexibility SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Dynamic programming; spinning reserve; swinging door algorithm; unit commitment; wind power; wind power ramping products AB With increasing penetrations of wind power, system operators are concerned about a potential lack of system flexibility and ramping capacity in real-time dispatch stages. In this paper, a modified dispatch formulation is proposed considering the wind power ramping product (WPRP). A swinging door algorithm (SDA) and dynamic programming are combined and used to detect WPRPs in the next scheduling periods. The detected WPRPs are included in the unit commitment (UC) formulation considering ramping capacity limits, active power limits, and flexible ramping requirements. The modified formulation is solved by mixed integer linear programming. Numerical simulations on a modified PJM 5-bus System show the effectiveness of the model considering WPRP, which not only reduces the production cost but also does not affect the generation schedules of thermal units. C1 [Cui, Mingjian; Ke, Deping; Sun, Yuanzhang] Wuhan Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jie] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mech Engn, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Wu, Hongyu; Hodge, Bri-Mathias] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cui, MJ (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM mj_cui@whu.edu.cn; jiezhang@utdallas.edu; hongyu.wu@nrel.gov; bri.mathias.hodge@nrel.gov; kedeping@whu.edu.cn; yzsun@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500145 ER PT J AU Ding, F Mather, B Ainsworth, N Gotseff, P Baker, K AF Ding, Fei Mather, Barry Ainsworth, Nathan Gotseff, Peter Baker, Kyri GP IEEE TI Locational Sensitivity Investigation on PV Hosting Capacity and Fast Track PV Screening SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Photovoltaic; PV screening; hosting capacity; voltage improvement; distribution system AB A 15% PV penetration threshold is commonly used by utilities to define photovoltaic (PV) screening methods where PV penetration is defined as the ratio of total solar PV capacity on a line section to peak load. However, this method doesn't take into account PV locational impact or feeder characteristics that could strongly change the feeder's capability to host PVs. This paper investigates the impact of PV location and phase connection type on PV hosting capacity, and then proposes a fast-track PV screening approach that leverages various PV hosting capacity metric responding to different PV locations and types. The proposed study could help utilities to evaluate PV interconnection requests and also help increase the PV hosting capacity of distribution feeders without adverse impacts on system voltages. C1 [Ding, Fei; Mather, Barry; Ainsworth, Nathan; Gotseff, Peter; Baker, Kyri] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80214 USA. RP Ding, F (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80214 USA. EM Fei.Ding@nrel.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500027 ER PT J AU Heydt, GT Pierre, BJ AF Heydt, G. T. Pierre, Brian J. GP IEEE TI Sequence Impedances for High Phase Order Power Transmission Systems SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Transmission engineering; polyphase AC transmission; high phase order; sequence components; symmetrical components; circulant matrices; Toeplitz matrices; electric power transmission; Charles Fortescue AB High phase order technologies have been proposed, studied, and tested for overhead AC transmission systems. While the interest level may have been high, various hobbles have led to the fact that there are no high phase order transmission systems in service today. Nonetheless, there is interest in this alternative technology for the purpose of more effectively using transmission rights of way for bulk power transfer. This paper focuses on one aspect of high phase order designs, namely the modeling and the design of impedances in a high phase order transmission system. If high phase order technologies are to be implemented in practice, the line impedance models would be of considerable importance. Two innovative methods to calculate the generalized sequence impedances of a polyphase transmission system are presented. The first method utilizes properties of circulant Toeplitz matrices and the discrete Fourier transform. The second method uses a new formulation based on equivalent phase spacing distances. The second method is then 'reverse engineered' to use an optimization process to design the sequence impedances to given specifications. Charles Fortescue studied AC transmission models nearly 100 years ago. The methods shown here are modern formulations of Fortescue's work, extending that work to a transmission circuit design. C1 [Heydt, G. T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Pierre, Brian J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heydt, GT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM heydt@asu.edu; bjpierr@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500134 ER PT J AU Ibanez, E Krad, I Hodge, BM Ela, E AF Ibanez, Eduardo Krad, Ibrahim Hodge, Bri-Mathias Ela, Erik GP IEEE TI Impacts of Short-Term Solar Power Forecasts in System Operations SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Forecasting; power system reliability; power system economics; Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC); Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED); Solar power generation ID RADIATION AB Solar generation is experiencing an exponential growth in power systems worldwide and, along with wind power, is posing new challenges to power system operations. Those challenges are characterized by an increase of system variability and uncertainty across many time scales: from days, down to hours, minutes, and seconds. Much of the research in the area has focused on the effect of solar forecasting across hours or days. This paper presents a methodology to capture the effect of short-term forecasting strategies and analyzes the economic and reliability implications of utilizing a simple, yet effective forecasting method for solar PV in intra-day operations. C1 [Ibanez, Eduardo] GE Energy Consulting, Schenectady, NY 12345 USA. [Krad, Ibrahim; Hodge, Bri-Mathias] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Ela, Erik] Elect Power Res Inst, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ibanez, E (reprint author), GE Energy Consulting, Schenectady, NY 12345 USA. EM Eduardo.Ibanez1@ge.com; Ibrahim.Krad@nrel.gov; Bri.Mathias.Hodge@nrel.gov; eela@epri.com NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500034 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ AF Kim, Young-Jin GP IEEE TI Experimental Study of Battery Energy Storage Systems Participating in Grid Frequency Regulation SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE battery energy storage systems (BESS); direct load control (DLC); grid frequency regulation (GFR); laboratory-scale microgrid; state-of-charge (SOC) AB Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been regarded as a promising source for grid frequency regulation (GFR) through direct load control (DLC). This paper proposes a real-time GFR scheme using BESS that can respond to local and central DLC signals. Specifically, using the fast response time, the BESS compensate for high-frequency components of grid frequency deviation, while conventional generation units are controlled to mitigate low-frequency variations in load demand. To evaluate the contribution of DLC-enabled PEVs to GFR, a laboratory-scale isolated microgrid was implemented using a real inverter-interfaced battery pack. The experimental studies demonstrate that BESS can be effectively exploited as a DLC-enabled load in the proposed GFR, resulting in small variation of state-of-charge (SOC). C1 [Kim, Young-Jin] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, YJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM carpediem.kyj81@gmail.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500197 ER PT J AU Kou, GF Liu, YL White, S Hadley, S King, T AF Kou, Gefei Liu, Yilu White, Samantha Hadley, Stanton King, Tom GP IEEE TI Inertial Response Study on the Year 2030 US Eastern Interconnection (EI) High Wind Scenario SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Power system dynamics; power system modeling; wind power generation ID TURBINES AB This paper documents a dynamic simulation study of inertial response on the U.S. Eastern Interconnection (EI) in the year 2030. The 2030 EI model features 17% wind penetration, which is mainly located in the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) and the Southwest Power Pool (SPP) territories. This comparison study looks at the difference in system wide inertial responses between wind and conventional generators by displacing the wind machines with synchronous generators. Simulation results show the impact of reduced inertia due to the wind penetration. The performance of wind inertia control is also studied. C1 [Kou, Gefei; Liu, Yilu; White, Samantha; King, Tom] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liu, Yilu; Hadley, Stanton; King, Tom] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kou, GF (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM gkou@utk.edu; hadleysw@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500222 ER PT J AU Krad, I Ibanez, E Gao, WZ AF Krad, Ibrahim Ibanez, Eduardo Gao, Wenzhong GP IEEE TI A Comprehensive Comparison of Current Operating Reserve Methodologies SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Operating reserves; Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC); Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED); ancillary services ID PENETRATION; GENERATION AB Electric power systems are currently experiencing a paradigm shift from a traditionally static system to a system that is becoming increasingly more dynamic and variable. Emerging technologies are forcing power system operators to adapt to their performance characteristics. These technologies, such as distributed generation and energy storage systems, have changed the traditional idea of a distribution system with power flowing in one direction into a distribution system with bidirectional flows. Variable generation, in the form of wind and solar generation, also increases the variability and uncertainty in the system. As such, power system operators are revisiting the ways in which they treat this evolving power system, namely by modifying their operating reserve methodologies. This paper intends to show an in-depth analysis on different operating reserve methodologies and investigate their impacts on power system reliability and economic efficiency. C1 [Krad, Ibrahim; Ibanez, Eduardo] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gao, Wenzhong] Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. RP Krad, I (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ibrahim.krad@nrel.gov; eduardo.ibanez@nrel.gov; wenzhong.gao@du.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500103 ER PT J AU Liao, AL Stewart, EM Kara, EC AF Liao, Anna L. Stewart, Emma M. Kara, Emre C. GP IEEE TI Micro-Synchrophasor Data for Diagnosis of Transmission and Distribution Level Events SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Distribution networks; transmission system; sensor measurements; synchrophasors AB This paper describes the benefits of time synchronized advanced sensor data for event detection. We present measurement data collected from a network of micro-synchrophasors (mu PMU) installed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)-the first pilot network of distribution-level phasor measurement units (PMUs). The time-synchronized, high fidelity voltage magnitude and phase angle data described provides indicators for events originating at transmission or local distribution level events sensed through the LBNL network. C1 [Liao, Anna L.; Stewart, Emma M.; Kara, Emre C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liao, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alliao@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500119 ER PT J AU Liu, GD Xiao, BL Starke, M Ceylan, O Tomsovic, K AF Liu, Guodong Xiao, Bailu Starke, Michael Ceylan, Oguzhan Tomsovic, Kevin GP IEEE TI A Robust Load Shedding Strategy for Microgrid Islanding Transition SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Microgrid; islanding transition; load shedding; uncertainty; renewable generation; robust optimization ID ISOLATED POWER-SYSTEMS AB A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources. It can operate in either grid-connected mode to exchange energy with the main grid or run autonomously as an island in emergency mode. However, the transition of microgrid from grid-connected mode to islanded mode is usually associated with excessive load (or generation), which should be shed (or spilled). Under this condition, this paper proposes an robust load shedding strategy for microgrid islanding transition, which takes into account the uncertainties of renewable generation in the microgrid and guarantees the balance between load and generation after islanding. A robust optimization model is formulated to minimize the total operation cost, including fuel cost and penalty for load shedding. The proposed robust load shedding strategy works as a backup plan and updates at a prescribed interval. It assures a feasible operating point after islanding given the uncertainty of renewable generation. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a simulated microgrid consisting of a wind turbine, a PV panel, a battery, two distributed generators (DGs), a critical load and a interruptible load. Numerical simulation results validate the proposed algorithm. C1 [Liu, Guodong; Xiao, Bailu; Starke, Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ceylan, Oguzhan; Tomsovic, Kevin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Liu, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power & Energy Syst Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liug@ornl.gov; xiaob@ornl.gov; starkemr@ornl.gov; oceylan@utk.edu; tomsovic@utk.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500194 ER PT J AU Liu, HS Guo, JH Yu, WP Zhu, L Liu, YL Xia, T Sun, R Gardner, RM AF Liu, Hesen Guo, Jiahui Yu, Wenpeng Zhu, Lin Liu, Yilu Xia, Tao Sun, Rui Gardner, R. Matthew GP IEEE TI The Design and Implementation of the Enterprise Level Data Platform and Big Data Driven Applications and Analytics SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE asset framework (AF); big data; common information model (CIM); data driven application; data integration; data platform; global model construction; time series database; visualization AB In order to improve the capability of utilizing big data and business intelligence in the power industry, this paper presents a comprehensive solution through building an enterprise-level data platform based on the OSIsoft PI system to support big data driven applications and analytics. The platform has the features of scalability, real time, service-oriented architecture and high reliability. Compared to traditional platforms in the power industry, the significant benefit of the innovative platform is that end users can use the data with the global model to drive the self-customized services rather than depend on IT professionals to deploy the service. The paper also describes how to implement data integration, global model construction and big data driven analytics, which are difficult to achieve with traditional solutions. Meanwhile, the paper exhibits preliminary visualization results through data analysis in real scenarios. C1 [Liu, Hesen; Guo, Jiahui; Yu, Wenpeng; Zhu, Lin; Liu, Yilu] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liu, Yilu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Xia, Tao; Sun, Rui; Gardner, R. Matthew] Dominion Virginia Power, Richmond, VA USA. RP Liu, HS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hliu24@utk.edu; jguo7@utk.edu; wyu10@utk.edu; lzhu12@utk.edu; liu@utk.edu; tao.xia@dom.com; rui.sun@dom.com; matthew.gardner@dom.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500173 ER PT J AU Nagarajan, A Palmintier, B Baggu, M AF Nagarajan, Adarsh Palmintier, Bryan Baggu, Murali GP IEEE TI Advanced Inverter Functions and Communication Protocols for Distribution Management SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Advanced distribution management systems; enterprise integration; communication protocols AB This paper aims at identifying the advanced features required by distribution management systems (DMS) service providers to bring inverter-connected distributed energy resources into use as an intelligent grid resource. This work explores the standard functions needed in the future DMS for enterprise integration of distributed energy resources (DER). The important DMS functionalities such as DER management in aggregate groups, including the discovery of capabilities, status monitoring, and dispatch of real and reactive power are addressed in this paper. It is intended to provide the industry with a point of reference for DER integration with other utility applications and to provide guidance to research and standards development organizations. C1 [Nagarajan, Adarsh; Palmintier, Bryan; Baggu, Murali] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nagarajan, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500176 ER PT J AU Peppanen, J Grijalva, S Reno, MJ Broderick, RJ AF Peppanen, Jouni Grijalva, Santiago Reno, Matthew J. Broderick, Robert J. GP IEEE TI Distribution System Low-Voltage Circuit Topology Estimation using Smart Metering Data SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Load Modeling; Power Distribution; Power System Measurements; Smart Grids AB Operating distribution systems with a growing number of distributed energy resources requires accurate feeder models down to the point of interconnection. Many of the new resources are located in the secondary low-voltage distribution circuits that typically are not modeled or modeled with low level of detail. This paper presents a practical and computational efficient approach for estimating the secondary circuit topologies from historical voltage and power measurement data provided by smart meters and distributed energy resource sensors. The accuracy of the algorithm is demonstrated on a 66-node test circuit utilizing real AMI data. The algorithm is also utilized to estimate the secondary circuit topologies of the Georgia Tech distribution system. Challenges and practical implementation approaches of the algorithm are discussed. The paper demonstrates the computational infeasibility of exhaustive secondary circuit topology estimation approaches and presents an efficient algorithm for verifying whether two radial secondary circuits have identical topologies. C1 [Peppanen, Jouni; Grijalva, Santiago] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Reno, Matthew J.; Broderick, Robert J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peppanen, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500129 ER PT J AU Ravikumar, KG Manson, S Undrill, J Eto, JH AF Ravikumar, Krishnanjan Gubba Manson, Scott Undrill, John Eto, Joseph H. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Fault-Induced Delayed Voltage Recovery Using EMTP Simulations SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Air conditioner motor; delayed voltage recovery; Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP); fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR); point-on-wave model AB This paper focuses on testing the dynamic behavior of single-phase air conditioner motors on distribution power networks. The primary goal is to study the phenomenon of delayed voltage recovery by applying multiple instances of a custom-built single-phase induction motor model on a given distribution feeder. This model was developed in an Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) simulation environment. The motors were subjected to voltage disturbances seen in feeders experiencing the fault-induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) phenomenon. To study the FIDVR phenomenon, a range of voltage depressions were simulated for predetermined system conditions. This paper describes a point-on-wave model development and simulation study that supports a broader investigation of the effect of air conditioning and similar loads on the recovery of electric utility voltage after faults. C1 [Ravikumar, Krishnanjan Gubba; Manson, Scott] Schweitzer Engn Labs Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Eto, Joseph H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ravikumar, KG (reprint author), Schweitzer Engn Labs Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500105 ER PT J AU Schellenberg, J Speckman, B Eto, JH AF Schellenberg, Josh Speckman, Barney Eto, Joseph H. GP IEEE TI Integrating Customer Interruption Costs into Outage Management Systems SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Planning; power distribution reliability; power transmission reliability; reliability estimation; technology planning AB Utilities have increasingly been applying customer interruption costs to reliability and resiliency planning, using tools such as the Interruption Cost Estimate ( ICE) Calculator. Furthermore, applications of value-based reliability planning can be found in the industry and academic literature for generation, transmission and distribution planning and at the federal policy-making level. With the wealth of guidance documentation and planning examples that is now available, the utility industry is positioned to further expand upon the application of value-based reliability planning by integrating customer interruption costs into outage management systems (OMS) and their associated business processes. This paper summarizes how (and why) to integrate customer interruption costs into OMS and discusses how utilities can act on customer interruption cost information to provide more value to customers. C1 [Schellenberg, Josh; Speckman, Barney] Nexant Inc, Util Serv, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Eto, Joseph H.] LBNL, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Schellenberg, J (reprint author), Nexant Inc, Util Serv, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500037 ER PT J AU Yang, T Wu, D AF Yang, Tao Wu, Di GP IEEE TI Distributed Load Shedding over Directed Communication Networks with Time Delays SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Directed graph; distributed algorithm; load shedding; multi-agent systems; ratio consensus; time-varying delays ID MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS; CONSENSUS; TOPOLOGIES; STABILITY; AGENTS AB When generation is insufficient to support all loads in a power system under emergencies, effective and efficient load shedding needs to be deployed in order to prevent system collapse. This paper presents a ratio consensus based distributed algorithm to discover the system overload after disturbance. In the proposed algorithm, the agent at each bus only communicates with its neighboring agents via directed communication links possibly with arbitrarily large but bounded time-varying communication delays. Simulation results are used to validate the proposed method. C1 [Yang, Tao; Wu, Di] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Yang, T (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Tao.Yang@pnnl.gov; Di.Wu@pnnl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500010 ER PT J AU Wang, GT Li, CY Liu, S Wright, JB Leung, B Koleske, DD Figiel, JJ Luk, TS Brener, I Balakrishnan, G Brueck, SRJ AF Wang, George T. Li, Changyi Liu, Sheng Wright, Jeremy B. Leung, Benjamin Koleske, Daniel D. Figiel, Jeffrey J. Luk, Ting S. Brener, Igal Balakrishnan, Ganesh Brueck, Steven R. J. GP IEEE TI III-Nitride Nanowires Lasers SO 2016 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY SUMMER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES (SUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM) CY JUL 11-13, 2016 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE AB Nanowires have gained interest as coherent, nanoscale light sources. Using a top-down approach, high quality III-nitride-based nanowires with controllable height, pitch and diameter have been realized. Here, the fabrication, and lasing characteristics of GaN-based and GaN/InGaN based nanowires fabricated by this approach will be presented, along with schemes for single optical mode selection, polarization control, beam shaping, and wavelength tuning. C1 [Wang, George T.; Liu, Sheng; Wright, Jeremy B.; Leung, Benjamin; Koleske, Daniel D.; Figiel, Jeffrey J.; Luk, Ting S.; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Li, Changyi; Balakrishnan, Ganesh; Brueck, Steven R. J.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sanida.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1900-7 PY 2016 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG1QC UT WOS:000386968000014 ER PT J AU Jiang, YS DeVore, PTS Mahjoubfar, A Jalali, B AF Jiang, Yunshan DeVore, Peter T. S. Mahjoubfar, Ata Jalali, Bahram GP IEEE TI Signal De-convolution with Analog Logarithmic Computing Primitives in Silicon Photonics SO 2016 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY SUMMER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES (SUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM) CY JUL 11-13, 2016 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE DE Analog optical signal processing; Optics in computing; Nonlinear optics AB Optical co-processors are proposed as hardware accelerators to take part of the processing burden off of the electron processors. We introduce an approach for the implementation of logarithmic-type analog primitives in silicon photonics and demonstrate its application in signal de-convolution. C1 [Jiang, Yunshan; DeVore, Peter T. S.; Mahjoubfar, Ata; Jalali, Bahram] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [DeVore, Peter T. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Jiang, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM yunshanjiang@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1900-7 PY 2016 BP 70 EP 71 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG1QC UT WOS:000386968000037 ER PT J AU Weaver, WW Rohinett, RD Parker, GG Wilson, DG AF Weaver, Wayne W. Rohinett, Rush D., III Parker, Gordon G. Wilson, David G. GP IEEE TI Hamiltonian Modeling and Control of AC Microgrids with Spinning Machines and Inverters SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER ELECTRONICS, ELECTRICAL DRIVES, AUTOMATION AND MOTION (SPEEDAM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM) CY JUN 22-24, 2016 CL Capri, ITALY DE Microgrids; Distributed Generation; Power Electronics; Control AB This paper presents a novel approach to the modeling and control of AC microgrids that contain spinning machines, power electronic inverters and energy storage devices. The inverters in the system can adjust their frequencies and power angles very quickly, so the modeling focuses on establishing a common references frequency and angle in the microgrid based on the spinning machines. From this dynamic model, nonlinear Hamiltonians surface shaping power flow control method is applied and shown to stabilize. From this approach the energy flow in the system is used to show the energy storage device requirements and limitations for the system. The modeling and control approach presented in this paper enables a unified, stable response to system disturbances, thus increasing resiliency. This paper first describes the dynamic model for a AC microgrid used for the controls development. Then a Hamiltonian energy based control is developed and shown to be stable and robust. A simulation example demonstrate the efficacy of the approach in stabilizing and optimization of the AC microgrid. C1 [Weaver, Wayne W.; Rohinett, Rush D., III; Parker, Gordon G.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weaver, WW (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2067-6 PY 2016 BP 144 EP 149 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BG1UX UT WOS:000387110600023 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Robinett, RD Weaver, WW Byrne, RH Young, J AF Wilson, David C. Robinett, Rush D., III Weaver, Wayne W. Byrne, Raymond H. Young, Joseph GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design of High Penetration Renewable Sources for AC Inverter Based Microgrids SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER ELECTRONICS, ELECTRICAL DRIVES, AUTOMATION AND MOTION (SPEEDAM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM) CY JUN 22-24, 2016 CL Capri, ITALY DE decentralized control; microgrid; nonlinear control; energy storage; stochastic sources ID ENERGY-STORAGE REQUIREMENTS; DC MICROGRIDS AB This paper presents a control design methodology that begins to address high penetration of renewable energy sources into networked AC microgrid systems. To bring about high performing microgrid systems that contain large amounts of stochastic sources and loads is a major goal for the future of electric power systems. Alternative methods for controlling and analyzing AC microgrid systems will provide understanding into tradeoffs that can be made during the design phase. This paper utilizes a control design methodology, based on Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) [1] that regulates renewable energy sources, loads and identifies energy storage requirements for an AC microgrid system. Both static and dynamic stability conditions are derived for the AC microgrid system. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate stability and performance. Two scenarios are considered; i) simple random stochastic renewable source and load AC Microgrid example and ii) a random variable pulse load application for Navy ship AC microgrid systems. C1 [Wilson, David C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Sci & Expt Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Robinett, Rush D., III] Michigan Technol Univ, Mech Engn Engn Mech, RL Smith Bldg 903,1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Weaver, Wayne W.] Michigan Technol Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, 121 EERC Bldg,1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Byrne, Raymond H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Data Anal & Exploitat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Young, Joseph] OptimoJoe LLC, POB 19053, Albuquerque, NM 87119 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Elect Sci & Expt Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwilso@sandia.gov; rdrobine@mtu.edu; wwweaver@mtu.edu; rhbyrne@sandia.gov; joe@optimojoe.com NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2067-6 PY 2016 BP 695 EP 702 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BG1UX UT WOS:000387110600114 ER PT J AU Byrne, RH Trudnowski, DJ Neely, JC Schoenwald, DA Wilson, DG Rashkin, LJ AF Byrne, R. H. Trudnowski, D. J. Neely, J. C. Schoenwald, D. A. Wilson, D. G. Rashkin, L. J. GP IEEE TI Small Signal Stability Analysis and Distributed Control with Communications Uncertainty SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER ELECTRONICS, ELECTRICAL DRIVES, AUTOMATION AND MOTION (SPEEDAM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM) CY JUN 22-24, 2016 CL Capri, ITALY DE Power system dynamics; stability; control; oscillations; photovoltaic generation; energy storage ID DECENTRALIZED CONTROL; ROBOTIC VEHICLES; OSCILLATIONS; SYSTEMS AB With increasing renewable penetrations and advancements in power electronics associated with smart grid technologies, distributed control of the power grid is quickly becoming a necessity. Once communications are introduced into a control system, the impacts of latency and unreliable communications quickly become a priority. Vector Lyapunov techniques are well suited for the analysis of control systems with structured perturbations. These perturbations can be employed to model uncertainty in communications as well as parameter uncertainty. In this paper, we present results for small signal stability of a simplified two area power system model for several scenarios: bandwidth limited local communications and tie line uncertainty; local communications and bandwidth limited global communications combined with tie line uncertainty; and uncertainty in global communications. These results are intended to be a starting point for the analysis of the impact of communications uncertainty on the stability of power systems. C1 [Byrne, R. H.; Neely, J. C.; Schoenwald, D. A.; Wilson, D. G.; Rashkin, L. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Trudnowski, D. J.] Montana Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Byrne, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rhbyrne@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2067-6 PY 2016 BP 1284 EP 1291 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BG1UX UT WOS:000387110600212 ER PT S AU Brewer, WA Choukulkar, A Sandberg, S Weickmann, A Lundquist, J Iungo, V Newsom, R Delgado, R AF Brewer, W. A. Choukulkar, A. Sandberg, S. Weickmann, A. Lundquist, J. Iungo, V. Newsom, R. Delgado, R. BE Gross, B Moshary, F Arend, M TI INITIAL RESULTS FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN (XMC) FOR PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER (PBL) INSTRUMENT ASSESSMENT (XPIA) EXPERIMENT SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 27) SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC) CY JUL 05-10, 2015 CL Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York City, NY SP City Univ New York, City Coll HO Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr AB The Experimental Measurement Campaign (XMC) for Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Instrument Assessment (XPIA) is a DOE funded study to develop and validate methods of making three dimensional measurements of wind fields. These techniques are of interest to study wind farm inflows and wake flows using remote sensing instrumentation. The portion of the experiment described in this presentation utilizes observations from multiple Doppler wind lidars, soundings, and an instrumented 300m tower, the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Erie, Colorado. C1 [Brewer, W. A.; Sandberg, S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Choukulkar, A.; Weickmann, A.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lundquist, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Iungo, V.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dallas, TX USA. [Newsom, R.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Delgado, R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Brewer, WA (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 119 AR UNSP 09004 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611909004 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG1GC UT WOS:000386726600088 ER PT S AU Diaz, A Thomas, B Castillo, P Gross, B Moshary, F AF Diaz, Adrian Thomas, Benjamin Castillo, Paulo Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred BE Gross, B Moshary, F Arend, M TI ACTIVE STAND-OFF DETECTION OF GAS LEAKS USING A SHORT RANGE HARD-TARGET BACKSCATTER DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SYSTEM BASED ON A QUANTUM CASCADE LASER TRANSMITTER SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 27) SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC) CY JUL 05-10, 2015 CL Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York City, NY SP City Univ New York, City Coll HO Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr AB Fugitive gas emissions from agricultural or industrial plants and gas pipelines are an important environmental concern as they can contribute to the global increase of greenhouse gas concentration. Moreover, they are also a security and safety concern because of possible risk of fire/explosion or toxicity. This study presents gas concentration measurements using a quantum cascade laser open path system (QCLOPS). The system retrieves the path averaged concentration of N2O and CH4 by collecting the backscattered light from a scattering target. The gas concentration measurements have a high temporal resolution (68 ms) and are achieved at sufficient range (up to 40 m, similar to 130 feet) with a detection limit of 2.6 ppm CH4 and 0.4 ppm for N2O. Given these characteristics, this system is promising for mobile/multidirectional remote detection and evaluation of gas leaks. The instrument is monostatic with a tunable QCL emitting at similar to 7.7 mu m wavelength range. The backscattered radiation is collected by a Newtonian telescope and focused on an infrared light detector. Puffs of N2O and CH4 are released along the optical path to simulate a gas leak. The measured absorption spectrum is obtained using the thermal intra-pulse frequency chirped DFB QCL and is analyzed to obtain path averaged gas concentrations. C1 [Diaz, Adrian; Thomas, Benjamin; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Castillo, Paulo] Brookhaven Natl Lab, New York, NY 11973 USA. RP Diaz, A (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 119 AR UNSP 05013 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611905013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG1GC UT WOS:000386726600044 ER PT S AU Sawamura, P Muller, D Burton, S Chemyakin, E Hostetler, C Ferrare, R Kolgotin, A Ziemba, L Beyersdorf, A Anderson, B AF Sawamura, Patricia Muller, Detlef Burton, Sharon Chemyakin, Eduard Hostetler, Chris Ferrare, Richard Kolgotin, Alexei Ziemba, Luke Beyersdorf, Andreas Anderson, Bruce BE Gross, B Moshary, F Arend, M TI Comparison of aerosol optical and microphysical retrievals from HSRL-2 and in-situ measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2013 (California and Texas) SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL LASER RADAR CONFERENCE (ILRC 27) SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC) CY JUL 05-10, 2015 CL Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York City, NY SP City Univ New York, City Coll HO Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr AB The combination of backscatter coefficients measured at 355, 532 and 1064 nm and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm (i.e. 3(3+2a) can be used to retrieve profiles of optical and micro physical properties of aerosols, such as effective radius, total volume concentration and total number concentration. NASA LaRC HSRL-2 is an airborne multi-wavelength high spectral resolution lidar in operation that provides the full 30+2a dataset. HSRL-2 was deployed during DISCOVER-AQ along with other airborne and ground-based instruments that also measured many aerosol parameters in close proximity to the HSRL-2 system, allowing us to evaluate the performance of an automated and unsupervised retrieval algorithm that has been recently developed. We present the results from California (Jan/Feb 2013) and Texas (Sep 2013) DISCOVER-AQ. C1 [Sawamura, Patricia; Burton, Sharon; Chemyakin, Eduard; Hostetler, Chris; Ferrare, Richard; Ziemba, Luke; Beyersdorf, Andreas; Anderson, Bruce] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Sawamura, Patricia] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Muller, Detlef] Univ Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Chemyakin, Eduard] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Kolgotin, Alexei] Phys Instrumentat Ctr, Troitsk, Russia. RP Sawamura, P (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA.; Sawamura, P (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM patricia.sawamura@nasa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 119 AR UNSP 23014 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611923014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BG1GC UT WOS:000386726600208 ER PT S AU Ammons, SM Garcia, EV Salama, M Neichel, B Lu, J Marois, C Macintosh, B Savransky, D Bendek, E Guyon, O Marin, E Garrel, V Sivo, G AF Ammons, S. Mark Garcia, E. Victor Salama, Maissa Neichel, Benoit Lu, Jessica Marois, Christian Macintosh, Bruce Savransky, Dmitry Bendek, Eduardo Guyon, Olivier Marin, Eduardo Garrel, Vincent Sivo, Gaetano BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Precision Astrometry with Adaptive Optics: Constraints on the Mutual Orbit of Luhman 16AB from GeMS SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems V CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE astrometry; adaptive optics; multi-conjugate; tomography; M92; NGC 1851; brown dwarf ID TELESCOPE; IMAGER AB ELTs equipped with MCAO systems will be powerful astrometric tools in the next two decades. With sparse-field precisions exceeding 30 uas for V > 18, the ELTs will surpass even GAIA's per-epoch precision for faint stars (V > 12). We present results from an ongoing astrometry program with Gemini GeMS and discuss synergies with WFIRST and GAIA. First, we present a fit to the relative orbit of the individual L/T components of Luhman16 AB, the nearest brown dwarf binary known. Exploiting GeMS' wide field of view to image reference stars, we are able to track the relative motion to better than 0.2 mas. We find that a mutual Keplerian orbit with no perturbing planets fits the binary separation to within the measurement errors, ruling out companions down to 14 earth masses for certain orbits and periods. C1 [Ammons, S. Mark; Garcia, E. Victor] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Neichel, Benoit] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LAM, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Salama, Maissa] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lu, Jessica] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marois, Christian] Natl Res Council Canada, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Macintosh, Bruce] Stanford Univ, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA USA. [Savransky, Dmitry] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Marin, Eduardo; Garrel, Vincent; Sivo, Gaetano] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. RP Ammons, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ammons1@llnl.gov RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Lu, Jessica/0000-0001-9611-0009 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0198-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9909 AR UNSP 99095T DI 10.1117/12.2233775 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2JZ UT WOS:000387429700165 ER PT S AU Bailey, VP Poyneer, LA Macintosh, BA Savransky, D Wang, JJ De Rosa, RJ Follette, KB Ammons, SM Hayward, T Ingraham, P Maire, J Palmer, DW Perrin, MD Rajan, A Rantakyro, FT Thomas, S Veran, JP AF Bailey, Vanessa P. Poyneer, Lisa A. Macintosh, Bruce A. Savransky, Dmitry Wang, Jason J. De Rosa, Robert J. Follette, Katherine B. Ammons, S. Mark Hayward, Thomas Ingraham, Patrick Maire, Jerome Palmer, David W. Perrin, Marshall D. Rajan, Abhijith Rantakyro, Fredrik T. Thomas, Sandrine Veran, Jean-Pierre BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Status and performance of the Gemini Planet Imager adaptive optics system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems V CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; wavefront sensing; near infrared imaging; high contrast imaging; MEMS ID MONITOR AB The Gemini Planet Imager is a high-contrast near-infrared instrument specifically designed to image exoplanets and circumstellar disks over a narrow field of view. We use science data and AO telemetry taken during the first 1.5 yr of the GPI Exoplanet Survey to quantify the performance of the AO system. In a typical 60 sec H-band exposure, GPI achieves a 5 sigma raw contrast of 10(-4) at 0.4"; typical final 50- contrasts for full 1 hr sequences are more than 10 times better than raw contrasts. We find that contrast is limited by bandwidth wavefront error over much of the PSF. Preliminary exploratory factor analysis can explain 60-70% of the variance in raw contrasts with combinations of seeing and wavefront error metrics. We also examine the effect of higher loop gains on contrast by comparing wavefront error maps reconstructed from AO telemetry to concurrent IFS images. These results point to several ways that GPI performance could be improved in software or hardware. C1 [Bailey, Vanessa P.; Macintosh, Bruce A.; Follette, Katherine B.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA USA. [Poyneer, Lisa A.; Ammons, S. Mark; Palmer, David W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Savransky, Dmitry; Rantakyro, Fredrik T.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Jason J.; De Rosa, Robert J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hayward, Thomas] Gemini Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. [Ingraham, Patrick; Thomas, Sandrine] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Maire, Jerome] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Perrin, Marshall D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Rajan, Abhijith] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, POB 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Veran, Jean-Pierre] NRC Herzberg Inst Astrophys, 5071 W Saanich Rd, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Bailey, VP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA USA. EM vpbailey@stanford.edu RI Savransky, Dmitry/M-1298-2014; OI Savransky, Dmitry/0000-0002-8711-7206; Wang, Jason/0000-0003-0774-6502; Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-5407-2806 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0198-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9909 AR UNSP 99090V DI 10.1117/12.2233172 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2JZ UT WOS:000387429700025 ER PT S AU Dennison, K Ammons, SM Garrel, V Marin, E Sivo, G Bendek, E Guyon, O AF Dennison, Kaitlin Ammons, S. Mark Garrel, Vincent Marin, Eduardo Sivo, Gaetano Bendek, Eduardo Guyon, Olivier BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI An engineered design of a diffractive mask for high precision astrometry SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems V CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE diffractive; astrometry; AutoCAD; IDL; Zemax; adaptive optics; exoplanet AB AutoCAD, Zemax Optic Studio 15, and Interactive Data Language (IDL) with the Proper Library are used to computationally model and test a diffractive mask (DiM) suitable for use in the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS) on the Gemini South Telescope. Systematic errors in telescope imagery are produced when the light travels through the adaptive optics system of the telescope. DiM is a transparent, flat optic with a pattern of miniscule dots lithographically applied to it. It is added ahead of the adaptive optics system in the telescope in order to produce diffraction spots that will encode systematic errors in the optics after it. Once these errors are encoded, they can be corrected for. DiM will allow for more accurate measurements in astrometry and thus improve exoplanet detection. The mechanics and physical attributes of the DiM are modeled in AutoCAD. Zemax models the ray propagation of point sources of light through the telescope. IDL and Proper simulate the wavefront and image results of the telescope. Aberrations are added to the Zemax and IDL models to test how the diffraction spots from the DiM change in the final images. Based on the Zemax and IDL results, the diffraction spots are able to encode the systematic aberrations. C1 [Dennison, Kaitlin] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Dennison, Kaitlin; Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Garrel, Vincent; Marin, Eduardo; Sivo, Gaetano] Gemini South Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Bendek, Eduardo] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Guyon, Olivier] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Dennison, K (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA.; Dennison, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0198-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9909 AR UNSP 99094E DI 10.1117/12.2233799 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2JZ UT WOS:000387429700126 ER PT S AU Garrel, V Sivo, G Marin, E Damele, ERC Montes, V Lazo, M Gigoux, P Moreno, C Trujillo, CA Donahue, J van Dam, MA Rigaut, F d'Orgeville, C Kulcsar, C Juvenal, R Hauck, CA Ammons, SM Neichel, B AF Garrel, Vincent Sivo, Gaetano Marin, Eduardo Damele, Eleazar R. Carrasco Montes, Vanessa Lazo, Manuel Gigoux, Pedro Moreno, Cristian Trujillo, Chadwick A. Donahue, Jeff van Dam, Marcos A. Rigaut, Francois d'Orgeville, Celine Kulcsar, Caroline Juvenal, Remy Hauck, Constanza Araujo Ammons, S. Mark Neichel, Benoit BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Reshaping and polishing the GeMS MCAO system SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems V CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; multi-conjugate adaptive optics; laser guide stars; tip-tilt sensing ID ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE AB GeMS, the Gemini South MCAO System, has now been in operation for 3 years with the near infrared imager GSAOI. We first review the performance obtained by the system, the science cases and the current operational model. In the very near future, GeMS will undergo a profound metamorphosis, as we will integrate a new NGS wavefront sensor, replace the current 50W laser with a more robust one and prepare for a new operational model where operations will shift from the mountain to the base facility. Along this major evolution, we are also presenting several improvements on the loop control, calibrations and automatization of this complex system. We discuss here the progress of the different upgrades and what we expect in terms of performance improvements and operational efficiency. C1 [Moreno, Cristian] AURA, Gemini Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile. [Donahue, Jeff] Gemini Observ, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [van Dam, Marcos A.] Flat Wavefronts, 21 Lascelles St, Christchurch 8022, New Zealand. [d'Orgeville, Celine] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. [Juvenal, Remy] Inst Opt Grad Sch, Campus Polytech,RD 128,2 Ave Augustin Fresnel, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. [Hauck, Constanza Araujo] Large Synopt Survey Telescope, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Ammons, S. Mark] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-210,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Neichel, Benoit] Pole Etoile Site Chateau Gombert, Lab Astrophys Marseille, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. EM vgarrel@gemini.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0198-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9909 AR UNSP 99092F DI 10.1117/12.2233747 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2JZ UT WOS:000387429700071 ER PT S AU Gavel, DT Kupke, R Rudy, AR Srinath, S Dillon, D Poyneer, LA AF Gavel, Donald T. Kupke, Renate Rudy, Alexander R. Srinath, Srikar Dillon, Daren Poyneer, Lisa A. BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Lick Observatory's Shane telescope adaptive optics system (ShaneAO): research directions and progress SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems V CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; noise propagation; wavefront control; laser guide star; self-tuning ID TURBULENCE AB We present a review of the ongoing research activity surrounding the adaptive optics system at the Shane telescope (ShaneAO) particularly the R&D efforts on the technology and algorithms for that will advance AO into wider application for astronomy. We are pursuing the AO challenges for whole sky coverage diffraction limited correction down to visible science wavelengths. This demands high-order wavefront correction and bright artificial laser beacons. We present recent advancements in the development of MEMS based AO correction, woofer-tweeter architecture, wind-predictive wavefront control algorithms, atmospheric characterization, and a pulsed fiber amplifier guide star laser tuned for optical pumping of the sodium layer. We present the latest on-sky results from the new AO system and present status and experimental plans for the optical pumping guide star laser. C1 [Gavel, Donald T.; Kupke, Renate; Rudy, Alexander R.; Srinath, Srikar; Dillon, Daren] Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Gavel, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM gavel@ucolick.org NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0198-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9909 AR UNSP 99092W DI 10.1117/12.2233202 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2JZ UT WOS:000387429700083 ER PT S AU Hackett, S Albrecht, AR Yang, Z Cederberg, JG Sheik-Bahae, M McGraw, JT Johnson, RL Richey, JW AF Hackett, Shawn Albrecht, Alexander R. Yang, Zhou Cederberg, Jeffrey G. Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor McGraw, John T. Johnson, Robert L. Richey, Jeff W. BE Marchetti, E Close, LM Veran, JP TI Development of vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (VECSELs) for use as monochromatic and polychromatic sodium guidestars SO ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Optics Systems V CY JUN 26-JUL 01, 2016 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP SPIE DE tip tilt laser guidestar; polychromatic guidestar; sodium guidestar; Starfire Optical Range; VECSEL; OPSL guidestar; VECSEL guidestar ID 20 W; POWER AB The work of Pique showed that multiple guidestars emitting at 1140 nm and 589 nm simultaneously could be utilized to correct for Tip and Tilt aberrations [1]. Such a guidestar is hence known as a PLGS (Polychromatic Laser Guidestar). However, no current high power (>5W) narrow bandwidth (<1GHz) laser source exist for 1140 nm emission. A Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL) is shown with high power >12W and narrow bandwidth emission which has been successfully used to pump the sodium 3P(3/2) to 4S(1/2) sodium transition as a proof of concept for the development of a CW PLGS system. C1 [Hackett, Shawn; Johnson, Robert L.; Richey, Jeff W.] Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, SOR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. [Albrecht, Alexander R.; Yang, Zhou; Sheik-Bahae, Mansoor; McGraw, John T.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Cederberg, Jeffrey G.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Hackett, S (reprint author), Air Force Res Lab, Directed Energy Directorate, SOR, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. EM shawn.hackett.1@us.af.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0198-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9909 AR UNSP 99095R DI 10.1117/12.2239240 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BG2JZ UT WOS:000387429700164 ER PT S AU Lewin, GR Carlos, C Chevrette, MG Horn, HA McDonald, BR Stankey, RJ Fox, BG Currie, CR AF Lewin, Gina R. Carlos, Camila Chevrette, Marc G. Horn, Heidi A. McDonald, Bradon R. Stankey, Robert J. Fox, Brian G. Currie, Cameron R. BE Gottesman, S TI Evolution and Ecology of Actinobacteria and Their Bioenergy Applications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 70 SE Annual Review of Microbiology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE actinomycetes; biotechnology; biofuels; cellulases; symbiosis; Streptomyces ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; EFFICIENT ISOBUTANOL PRODUCTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CORYNEBACTERIUM-GLUTAMICUM; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STREPTOMYCES-RETICULI; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; THERMOBIFIDA-FUSCA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; RHODOCOCCUS-OPACUS AB The ancient phylum Actinobacteria is composed of phylogenetically and physiologically diverse bacteria that help Earth's ecosystems function. As free-living organisms and symbionts of herbivorous animals, Actinobacteria contribute to the global carbon cycle through the breakdown of plant biomass. In addition, they mediate community dynamics as producers of small molecules with diverse biological activities. Together, the evolution of high cellulolytic ability and diverse chemistry, shaped by their ecological roles in nature, make Actinobacteria a promising group for the bioenergy industry. Specifically, their enzymes can contribute to industrial-scale breakdown of cellulosic plant biomass into simple sugars that can then be converted into biofuels. Furthermore, harnessing their ability to biosynthesize a range of small molecules has potential for the production of specialty biofuels. C1 [Lewin, Gina R.; Carlos, Camila; Chevrette, Marc G.; Horn, Heidi A.; McDonald, Bradon R.; Stankey, Robert J.; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lewin, Gina R.; Carlos, Camila; McDonald, Bradon R.; Stankey, Robert J.; Fox, Brian G.; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Chevrette, Marc G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Fox, Brian G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Currie, CR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; Currie, CR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM currie@bact.wisc.edu RI Carlos, Camila/Q-8327-2016; Chevrette, Marc/N-7895-2016 OI Carlos, Camila/0000-0002-4574-1270; Chevrette, Marc/0000-0002-7209-0717 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008505] NR 179 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 14 U2 15 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4227 BN 978-0-8243-1170-4 J9 ANNU REV MICROBIOL JI Annu. Rev. Microbiol. PY 2016 VL 70 BP 235 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095748 PG 23 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BF6HF UT WOS:000383052200014 PM 27607553 ER PT S AU Fisher, N Bowman, MK Kramer, DM AF Fisher, Nicholas Bowman, Michael K. Kramer, David M. BE Cramer, WA Kallas, T TI Electron Transfer Reactions at the Q(o) Site of the Cytochrome bc(1) Complex: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly SO CYTOCHROME COMPLEXES: EVOLUTION, STRUCTURES, ENERGY TRANSDUCTION, AND SIGNALING SE Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; QUINOL OXIDATION SITE; PROTONMOTIVE Q-CYCLE; SUPEROXIDE-PRODUCTION; UBIQUINOL OXIDATION; BC COMPLEXES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; HEART-MITOCHONDRIA; C OXIDOREDUCTASE AB The cytochrome bc(1) complex of eukaryotic mitochondrial and prokaryotic energy transducing membranes functions as a protonmotive quinol: cytochrome c oxidoreductase. The enzyme utilizes a highly characteristic 'Q-cycle' reaction mechanism in which oxidation of substrate quinol leads to a bifurcated electron transfer pathway. This mechanism generates a highly-reducing, reactive radical semiquinone (SQ(o)) intermediate at the site of quinol oxidation (Q(o)) within cytochrome b which must be tightly managed to prevent energetically wasteful electron transfer side reactions or reduction of dioxygen to biologically harmful superoxide. In this chapter we discuss mechanistic strategies harnessed by the bc(1) complex to minimize unproductive electron transfer from SQ(o) with particular reference to superoxide generation. Recent work suggests that the bc(1) complex achieves this by kinetically trapping the SQ(o) anion within a hydrophobic region of the Q(o) pocket as a destabilized, low-occupancy intermediate, conserving redox energy to reduce the native electron acceptor (ferriheme b(L)) while minimizing the probability of unwanted (and potentially damaging) electron transfer bypass reactions. C1 [Fisher, Nicholas; Kramer, David M.] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fisher, Nicholas; Kramer, David M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bowman, Michael K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Kramer, DM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.; Kramer, DM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM nefisher@msu.edu; mkbowman@ua.edu; kramerd8@msu.edu NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-0233 BN 978-94-017-7481-9; 978-94-017-7479-6 J9 ADV PHOTOSYNTH RESP JI Adv. Photo. Respirat. PY 2016 VL 41 BP 419 EP 434 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-7481-9_21 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-7481-9 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BG2MW UT WOS:000387485400025 ER PT B AU Chaudhri, A AF Chaudhri, Anuj BE Kumar, S Singh, SK TI Challenges in High-Concentration Biopharmaceutical Drug Delivery A Modeling Perspective SO DEVELOPABILITY OF BIOTHERAPEUTICS: COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SOLUTIONS; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; REVERSIBLE SELF-ASSOCIATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; CHARGE RENORMALIZATION; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; VISCOSITY BEHAVIOR C1 [Chaudhri, Anuj] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chaudhri, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-4615-5; 978-1-4822-4613-1 PY 2016 BP 135 EP 152 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Computer Science; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG2ES UT WOS:000387293200009 ER PT S AU Allmond, JM AF Allmond, J. M. BE Reed, MW Simpson, EC Mitchell, AJ TI Investigating shape evolution and the emergence of collectivity through the synergy of Coulomb excitation and beta decay SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR SYMPOSIUM 2015: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR STRUCTURE CONFERENCE IN REMEMBRANCE OF GEORGE DRACOULIS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium / International Nuclear Structure Conference in Remembrance of George Dracoulis CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Univ ID NUCLEI; CD-114; STATES AB The synthesis of Coulomb excitation and beta decay offers very practical advantages in the study of nuclear shapes and collectivity. For instance, Coulomb excitation is unique in its ability to measure the electric quadrupole moments, i.e., < I-2(pi)||M(E2)||I-1(pi)> matrix elements, of excited, non-isomeric states in atomic nuclei, providing information on the intrinsic shape. However, the Coulomb excitation analysis and structural interpretation can be strongly dependent upon weak transitions or decay branches, which are often obscured by the Compton background. Transitions of particular interest are those low in energy and weak in intensity due to the E-gamma(5). attenuation factor. These weak decay branches can often be determined with high precision from beta-decay studies. Recently, Mo-106 and Cd-110 were studied by both Coulomb excitation and beta decay. Preliminary results of new weak decay branches following beta decay of (110m) Ag to Cd-110 are presented; these results will challenge competing interpretations based on vibrations and configuration mixing. C1 [Allmond, J. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allmond, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 123 AR UNSP 02006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201612302006 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG2OU UT WOS:000387536400013 ER PT S AU Chowdhury, P Hota, SS Qiu, Y Ahmad, I Carpenter, MP Greene, JP Janssens, RVF Khoo, TL Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Zhu, S AF Chowdhury, P. Hota, S. S. Qiu, Y. Ahmad, I. Carpenter, M. P. Greene, J. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Khoo, T. L. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Seweryniak, D. Zhu, S. BE Reed, MW Simpson, EC Mitchell, AJ TI Towards Superheavies: Spectroscopy of 94 < Z < 98, 150 < N < 154 Nuclei SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR SYMPOSIUM 2015: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR STRUCTURE CONFERENCE IN REMEMBRANCE OF GEORGE DRACOULIS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium / International Nuclear Structure Conference in Remembrance of George Dracoulis CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Univ ID PU AB The heaviest nuclei where excitations above the ground state can be studied lie near Z similar to 100. These nuclear structure studies are important testing grounds for theoretical models that aim to describe superheavy nuclei. To study the highest neutron orbitals (150 <= N <= 154), we have populated high angular momentum states in a series of Pu (Z = 94), Cm (Z = 96) and Cf (Z = 98) nuclei, via inelastic and transfer reactions, with heavy beams on long-lived radioactive actinide targets. Multiple collective excitation modes and structures were identified, and their configurations deduced. Quasiparticle alignments are mapped, with odd-A band structures helping identify specific orbital contributions via blocking arguments. Higher-order multipole shapes are observed to play a significant role in disentangling competing neutron and proton alignments. The N > 152 data provide new perspectives on physics beyond the N = 152 sub-shell gap. C1 [Chowdhury, P.; Hota, S. S.; Qiu, Y.; Lister, C. J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Ahmad, I.; Carpenter, M. P.; Greene, J. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Khoo, T. L.; Kondev, F. G.; Lauritsen, T.; Seweryniak, D.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chowdhury, P (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM partha_chowdhury@uml.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 123 AR UNSP 02003 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201612302003 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG2OU UT WOS:000387536400010 ER PT S AU Mitchell, AJ Copp, P Savard, G Lister, CJ Lane, GJ Carpenter, MP Clark, JA Zhu, S Ayangeakaa, AD Bottoni, S Brown, TB Chowdhury, P Chillery, TW David, HM Hartley, DJ Heckmaier, E Janssens, RVF Kolos, K Kondev, FG Lauritsen, T McCutchan, EA Norman, EB Padgett, S Scielzo, ND Seweryniak, D Smith, ML Wilson, GL AF Mitchell, A. J. Copp, P. Savard, G. Lister, C. J. Lane, G. J. Carpenter, M. P. Clark, J. A. Zhu, S. Ayangeakaa, A. D. Bottoni, S. Brown, T. B. Chowdhury, P. Chillery, T. W. David, H. M. Hartley, D. J. Heckmaier, E. Janssens, R. V. F. Kolos, K. Kondev, F. G. Lauritsen, T. McCutchan, E. A. Norman, E. B. Padgett, S. Scielzo, N. D. Seweryniak, D. Smith, M. L. Wilson, G. L. BE Reed, MW Simpson, EC Mitchell, AJ TI Recent advances in beta-decay spectroscopy at CARIBU SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR SYMPOSIUM 2015: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR STRUCTURE CONFERENCE IN REMEMBRANCE OF GEORGE DRACOULIS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium / International Nuclear Structure Conference in Remembrance of George Dracoulis CY SEP 14-18, 2015 CL Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, AUSTRALIA HO Australian Natl Univ AB beta-decay spectroscopy of nuclei far from stability can provide powerful insight into a broad variety of topics in nuclear science, ranging from exotic nuclear structure phenomena, stellar nucleosynthesis processes, and applied topics such as quantifying "decay heat" discrepancies for advanced nuclear fuel cycles. Neutronrich nuclei approaching the drip-line are difficult to access experimentally, leaving many key examples largely under studied. The CARIBU radioactive beam facility at Argonne National Laboratory exploits spontaneous fission of Cf-252 in production of such beams. The X-Array and SATURN decay station have been commissioned to perform detailed decay spectroscopy of low-energy CARIBU beams. An extended science campaign was started during 2015; with projects investigating nuclear shape changes, collective octupole vibrations, beta-delayed neutron emission, and decay-scheme properties which could explain the reactor antineutrino puzzle. In this article we review the current status of the setup, update on the first results and recent hardware upgrades, and look forward to future possibilities. C1 [Mitchell, A. J.; Lane, G. J.; Smith, M. L.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Copp, P.; Lister, C. J.; Brown, T. B.; Chowdhury, P.; Chillery, T. W.; Wilson, G. L.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Savard, G.; Carpenter, M. P.; Clark, J. A.; Zhu, S.; Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Bottoni, S.; David, H. M.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Seweryniak, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Savard, G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chillery, T. W.] Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Hartley, D. J.] US Naval Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Heckmaier, E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kolos, K.; Norman, E. B.; Padgett, S.; Scielzo, N. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kondev, F. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [McCutchan, E. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Norman, E. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [David, H. M.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM aj.mitchell@anu.edu.au NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 123 AR UNSP 04006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201612304006 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG2OU UT WOS:000387536400026 ER PT J AU Sarma, D Islam, SM Subrahmanyam, KS Kanatzidis, MG AF Sarma, Debajit Islam, Saiful M. Subrahmanyam, K. S. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI Efficient and selective heavy metal sequestration from water by using layered sulfide K2xSn4-xS8-x (x=0.65-1; KTS-3) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ORGANO-CERAMIC ADSORBENT; ION-EXCHANGE; MESOPOROUS SUPPORTS; WASTE-WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; MERCURY REMOVAL; TIN(IV) SULFIDE; HOLLOW SPHERES; ADSORPTION AB Heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Hg2+, As3+ and Pb2+) are an important contributor to the contamination of groundwater and other water bodies in and around industrial areas. Herein, we demonstrate the rapid and efficient capacity of a layered metal sulfide material, K2xSn4-xS8-x (x = 0.65-1, KTS-3) for heavy metal ion removal from water. The effect of concentration, pH, kinetics, and competitive ions such as Na+/Ca2+ on the heavy metal ion removal capacity of KTS-3 was systematically investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analyses, and powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the heavy metal ion-exchange of KTS-3 is complete (quantitative replacement of all potassium ions) and topotactic. The heavy metal ion-exchange by using KTS-3 follows the Langmuir-Freundlich model with high exchange capacities, q(m) 205(17) mg g(-1) for Cd2+, 372(21) mg g(-1) for Hg2+ and 391(89) mg g(-1) for Pb2+. KTS-3 retains excellent heavy metal ion-exchange capacity even in very high concentration (1 M) of competing ions (Na+/Ca2+) and also over a broad pH range (2-12). KTS-3 also exhibits very good ion-exchange capacity for precious Ag+ and toxic As3+ ions. The kinetics of heavy metal ion adsorption by KTS-3 are rapid (absorbs all ions within a few minutes). These properties and the environmentally friendly character of KTS-3 make it a promising candidate for sequestration of heavy metal ions from water. C1 [Sarma, Debajit; Islam, Saiful M.; Subrahmanyam, K. S.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.; Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1410169]; NEUP grant from the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy; Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF) [NNCI-1542205]; MRSEC program (NSF) at the Materials Research Center [DMR-1121262]; International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); Keck Foundation; State of Illinois, through the IIN FX The materials synthesis and crystallographic characterization in this work was supported by National Science Foundation grant DMR-1410169. The ion-exchange aspects of this research were supported by a NEUP grant from the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy. The work made use of the facilities available at the Northwestern University Integrated Molecular Structure Education and Research Center. A description of the facility and full funding disclosure can be found at http://imserc.facilities.northwestern.edu/. Electron microscopy imaging (SEM) and XPS were performed at the EPIC, Keck-II facility of the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 13 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2016 VL 4 IS 42 BP 16597 EP 16605 DI 10.1039/c6ta06404c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA EB2DF UT WOS:000387166900038 ER PT J AU Thoma, ED Brantley, HL Oliver, KD Whitaker, DA Mukerjee, S Mitchell, B Wu, T Squier, B Escobar, E Cousett, TA Gross-Davis, CA Schmidt, H Sosna, D Weiss, H AF Thoma, Eben D. Brantley, Halley L. Oliver, Karen D. Whitaker, Donald A. Mukerjee, Shaibal Mitchell, Bill Wu, Tai Squier, Bill Escobar, Elsy Cousett, Tamira A. Gross-Davis, Carol Ann Schmidt, Howard Sosna, Dennis Weiss, Hallie TI South Philadelphia passive sampler and sensor study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID METHANE EMISSIONS; PADS; OIL; AIR AB From June 2013 to March 2015, in total 41 passive sampler deployments of 2 wk duration each were conducted at 17 sites in South Philadelphia, PA, with results for benzene discussed here. Complementary time-resolved measurements with lower cost prototype fenceline sensors and an open-path ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectrometer were also conducted. Minimum passive sampler benzene concentrations for each sampling period ranged from 0.08 ppbv to 0.65 ppbv, with a mean of 0.25 ppbv, and were negatively correlated with ambient temperature (-0.01 ppbv/degrees C, R-2 = 0.68). Co-deployed duplicate passive sampler pairs (N = 609) demonstrated good precision with an average and maximum percent difference of 1.5% and 34%, respectively. A group of passive samplers located within 50 m of a refinery fenceline had a study mean benzene concentration of 1.22 ppbv, whereas a group of samplers located in communities >1 km distant from facilities had a mean of 0.29 ppbv. The difference in the means of these groups was statistically significant at the 95% confidence level (p < 0.001). A decreasing gradient in benzene concentrations moving away from the facilities was observed, as was a significant period-to-period variation. The highest recorded 2-wk average benzene concentration for the fenceline group was 3.11 ppbv. During this period, time-resolved data from the prototype sensors and the open-path spectrometer detected a benzene signal from the west on one day in particular, with the highest 5-min path-averaged benzene concentration measured at 24 ppbv. Implications: Using a variation of EPA's passive sampler refinery fenceline monitoring method, coupled with time-resolved measurements, a multiyear study in South Philadelphia informed benzene concentrations near facilities and in communities. The combination of measurement strategies can assist facilities in identification and mitigation of emissions from fugitive sources and improve information on air quality complex air sheds. C1 [Thoma, Eben D.; Brantley, Halley L.; Whitaker, Donald A.; Mukerjee, Shaibal; Mitchell, Bill; Wu, Tai] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Risk Managment Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Brantley, Halley L.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Durham, NC USA. [Oliver, Karen D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Durham, NC USA. [Mitchell, Bill] US EPA, Off Enforcement & Compliance Assurance, Natl Environm Invest Ctr, Denver, CO USA. [Escobar, Elsy] Arcadis US Inc, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Cousett, Tamira A.] Jacobs Technol Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Gross-Davis, Carol Ann; Schmidt, Howard] US EPA, Reg 3, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Sosna, Dennis; Weiss, Hallie] City Philadelphia, Dept Publ Hlth, Air Management Serv Lab, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Thoma, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM thoma.eben@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA ORD's Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE); Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE); EPA's Community-Scale Air Toxics Ambient Monitoring Grant Program [EPA-OAR-OAQPS-11-05, 96311601-1] FX The authors thank EPA colleagues Dave Nash, and Wan Jiao, now with ICF International, for development of the prototype fenceline sensors used in this study. This work would not have been possible without the efforts of EPA's Maribel Colon, John Turlington, and Lillian Alston (EPA SEE program) on PS laboratory and data analysis. We thank EPA colleagues Jason DeWees, Ray Merrill, Brenda Shine, Ken Garing, Edgar Thompson, Adam Eisele, and Ron Landy for ongoing collaboration on these topics. Thanks to Mark Modrak, now with AECOM, and Shahrooz Amin, now with Industrial Monitoring and Control Corporation, for their efforts on this project. Thanks to Tom Wisniewski, Scott McEwan, and Paul Johnson with Cerex Environmental Solutions for data analysis assistance. Funding for the PS and sensor portion of the study was provided by U.S. EPA ORD's Air, Climate, and Energy (ACE) and Regional Applied Research Effort (RARE) programs. The AMS open-path deployment was funded under EPA's Community-Scale Air Toxics Ambient Monitoring Grant Program (EPA-OAR-OAQPS-11-05; 96311601-1). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of any products or trade names does not constitute endorsement. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2016 VL 66 IS 10 BP 959 EP 970 DI 10.1080/10962247.2016.1184724 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EA7XN UT WOS:000386846300003 PM 27192142 ER PT J AU Larrick, JW Alfenito, MR Scott, JK Parren, PWHI Burton, DR Bradbury, ARM Lemere, CA Messer, A Huston, JS Carter, PJ Veldman, T Chester, KA Schuurman, J Adams, GP Reichert, JM AF Larrick, James W. Alfenito, Mark R. Scott, Jamie K. Parren, Paul W. H. I. Burton, Dennis R. Bradbury, Andrew R. M. Lemere, Cynthia A. Messer, Anne Huston, James S. Carter, Paul J. Veldman, Trudi Chester, Kerry A. Schuurman, Janine Adams, Gregory P. Reichert, Janice M. TI Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics 2016: The Antibody Society's annual meeting, December 11-15, 2016, San Diego, CA SO MABS LA English DT Article DE Antibody engineering; antibody-drug conjugates; bispecific antibodies; reproducibility; antibody repertoire; next-generation sequencing; international non-proprietary names ID OLIGOMERIC ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; AMYLOID-BETA; INTRABODIES; VARIANTS; THERAPY; DISPLAY; MODELS; MICE AB Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics, the largest meeting devoted to antibody science and technology and the annual meeting of The Antibody Society, will be held in San Diego, CA on December 11-15, 2016. Each of 14 sessions will include six presentations by leading industry and academic experts. In this meeting preview, the session chairs discuss the relevance of their topics to current and future antibody therapeutics development. Session topics include bispecifics and designer polyclonal antibodies; antibodies for neurodegenerative diseases; the interface between passive and active immunotherapy; antibodies for non-cancer indications; novel antibody display, selection and screening technologies; novel checkpoint modulators / immuno-oncology; engineering antibodies for T-cell therapy; novel engineering strategies to enhance antibody functions; and the biological Impact of Fc receptor engagement. The meeting will open with keynote speakers Dennis R. Burton (The Scripps Research Institute), who will review progress toward a neutralizing antibody-based HIV vaccine; Olivera J. Finn, (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine), who will discuss prophylactic cancer vaccines as a source of therapeutic antibodies; and Paul Richardson (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), who will provide a clinical update on daratumumab for multiple myeloma. In a featured presentation, a representative of the World Health Organization's INN expert group will provide a perspective on antibody naming. Antibodies to watch in 2017 and progress on The Antibody Society's 2016 initiatives will be presented during the Society's special session. In addition, two pre-conference workshops covering ways to accelerate antibody drugs to the clinic and the applications of next-generation sequencing in antibody discovery and engineering will be held on Sunday December 11, 2016. C1 [Larrick, James W.] Panorama Res Inst & Veloc Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA USA. [Alfenito, Mark R.] EnGen Bio Inc, San Mateo, CA USA. [Scott, Jamie K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Parren, Paul W. H. I.; Schuurman, Janine] Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Parren, Paul W. H. I.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Burton, Dennis R.] Scripps Res Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bradbury, Andrew R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Lemere, Cynthia A.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Lemere, Cynthia A.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. [Messer, Anne] Regenerat Res Fdn, Rensselaer, NY USA. [Huston, James S.] Huston BioConsulting LLC, Watertown, MA USA. [Carter, Paul J.] Genentech Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Veldman, Trudi] AbbVie, Worcester, MA USA. [Chester, Kerry A.] UCL, London, England. [Adams, Gregory P.] Viventia Bio Inc, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Reichert, Janice M.] Antibody Soc, Framingham, MA USA. RP Reichert, JM (reprint author), Antibody Soc, Framingham, MA USA. EM Reichert.BiotechConsulting@gmail.com OI Bradbury, Andrew/0000-0002-5567-8172; Reichert, Janice/0000-0003-0400-1951 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-0862 EI 1942-0870 J9 MABS-AUSTIN JI mAbs PY 2016 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1425 EP 1434 DI 10.1080/19420862.2016.1227665 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA EB4EH UT WOS:000387322200001 PM 27557809 ER PT S AU Dongarra, J AF Dongarra, Jack BE Greuel, GM Koch, T Paule, P Sommese, A TI With Extreme Scale Computing the Rules Have Changed SO MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE, ICMS 2016 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Congress on Mathematical Software (ICMS) CY JUL 11-14, 2016 CL Zuse Inst, Berlin, GERMANY SP Res Ctr Matheon Math Key Technologies, Math Optimizat & Data Anal Labs, GAMS Dev Corp, Gurobi Optimizat, MOSEK ApS, Springer HO Zuse Inst C1 [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Dongarra, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA.; Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM dongarra@icl.utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-42432-3; 978-3-319-42431-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2016 VL 9725 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-42432-3_1 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG2KU UT WOS:000387431800001 ER PT S AU Thiagarajan, JJ Ramamurthy, KN Kanberoglu, B Frakes, D Bennett, K Spanias, A AF Thiagarajan, Jayaraman J. Ramamurthy, Karthikeyan Natesan Kanberoglu, Berkay Frakes, David Bennett, Kevin Spanias, Andreas BE Styner, MA Angelini, ED TI Measuring Glomerular Number from Kidney MRI Images SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2016: IMAGE PROCESSING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medical Imaging - Image Processing CY MAR 01-03, 2016 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Modus Med Devices Inc, Bruker, Poco Graphite, imXPAD DE non-destructive technique; renal disease; magnetic resonance imaging; sparse coding; discriminative embedding AB Measuring the glomerular number in the entire, intact kidney using non-destructive techniques is of immense importance in studying several renal and systemic diseases. Commonly used approaches either require destruction of the entire kidney or perform extrapolation from measurements obtained from a few isolated sections. A recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, based on the injection of a contrast agent (cationic ferritin), has been used to effectively identify glomerular regions in the kidney. In this work, we propose a robust, accurate, and low-complexity method for estimating the number of glomeruli from such kidney MRI images. The proposed technique has a training phase and a low-complexity testing phase. In the training phase, organ segmentation is performed on a few expert-marked training images, and glomerular and non-glomerular image patches are extracted. Using non-local sparse coding to compute similarity and dissimilarity graphs between the patches, the subspace in which the glomerular regions can be discriminated from the rest are estimated. For novel test images, the image patches extracted after pre-processing are embedded using the discriminative subspace projections. The testing phase is of low computational complexity since it involves only matrix multiplications, clustering, and simple morphological operations. Preliminary results with MRI data obtained from five kidneys of rats show that the proposed non-invasive, low-complexity approach performs comparably to conventional approaches such as acid maceration and stereology. C1 [Thiagarajan, Jayaraman J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ramamurthy, Karthikeyan Natesan] IBM Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. [Kanberoglu, Berkay; Frakes, David; Bennett, Kevin; Spanias, Andreas] Arizona State Univ, Sch Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Thiagarajan, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jayaramanthil@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-5106-0019-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2016 VL 9784 AR 978412 DI 10.1117/12.2216753 PG 9 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF5NM UT WOS:000382313300036 ER PT S AU Mackey, P Lewis, RR AF Mackey, Patrick Lewis, Robert R. GP IEEE TI Parallel k-means plus plus for Multiple Shared-Memory Architectures SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc DE data clustering; GPGPU; multithreaded architecture; OpenMP ID MAPREDUCE AB In recent years k-means++ has become a popular initialization technique for improved k-means clustering. To date, most of the work done to improve its performance has involved parallelizing algorithms that are only approximations of k-means++. In this paper we present a parallelization of the exact k-means++ algorithm, with a proof of its correctness. We develop implementations for three distinct shared-memory architectures: multicore CPU, high performance GPU, and the massively multithreaded Cray XMT platform. We demonstrate the scalability of the algorithm on each platform. In addition we present a visual approach for showing which platform performed k-means++ the fastest for varying data sizes. C1 [Mackey, Patrick] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lewis, Robert R.] Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Mackey, P (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM patrick.mackey@pnnl.gov; bobl@tricity.wsu.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.18 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600011 ER PT S AU Ghosh, S Hammond, JR Pena, AJ Balaji, P Gebremedhin, AH Chapman, B AF Ghosh, Sayan Hammond, Jeff R. Pena, Antonio J. Balaji, Pavan Gebremedhin, Assefaw H. Chapman, Barbara GP IEEE TI One-Sided Interface for Matrix Operations using MPI-3 RMA: A Case Study with Elemental SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc DE Distributed-memory linear algebra; MPI-3; RMA; one-sided communication; Global Arrays; PGAS ID COMMUNICATION; NWCHEM AB A one-sided programming model separates communication from synchronization, and is the driving principle behind partitioned global address space (PGAS) libraries such as Global Arrays (GA) and SHMEM. PGAS models expose a rich set of functionality that a developer needs in order to implement mathematical algorithms that require frequent multidimensional array accesses. However, use of existing PGAS libraries in application codes often requires significant development effort in order to fully exploit these programming models. On the other hand, a vast majority of scientific codes use MPI either directly or indirectly via third-party scientific computation libraries, and need features to support application-specific communication requirements (e.g., asynchronous update of distributed sparse matrices, commonly arising in machine learning workloads). For such codes it is often impractical to completely shift programming models in favor of special one-sided communication middleware. Instead, an elegant and productive solution is to exploit the one-sided functionality already offered by MPI-3 RMA (Remote Memory Access). We designed a general one-sided interface using the MPI-3 passive RMA model for remote matrix operations in the linear algebra library Elemental; we call the interface we designed RMAInterface. Elemental is an open source library for distributed-memory dense and sparse linear algebra and optimization. We employ RMAInterface to construct a Global Arrays-like API and demonstrate its performance scalability and competitivity with that of the existing GA (with ARMCI-MPI) for a quantum chemistry application. C1 [Ghosh, Sayan; Gebremedhin, Assefaw H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hammond, Jeff R.] Intel Corp, Parallel Comp Lab, Portland, OR USA. [Pena, Antonio J.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Balaji, Pavan] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Lemont, IL USA. [Chapman, Barbara] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Adv Computat Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Ghosh, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM sghosh1@eecs.wsu.edu; jeff.r.hammond@intel.com; antonio.pena@bsc.es; balaji@mcs.anl.gov; assefaw@eecs.wsu.edu; Barbara.Chapman@stonybrook.edu OI Pena Monferrer, Antonio J./0000-0002-3575-4617 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.28 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600021 ER PT S AU Meng, JT Seo, SM Balaji, P Wei, YJ Wang, BQ Feng, SZ AF Meng, Jintao Seo, Sangmin Balaji, Pavan Wei, Yanjie Wang, Bingqiang Feng, Shenzhong GP IEEE TI SWAP-Assembler 2: Optimization of De Novo Genome Assembler at Extreme Scale SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc ID HUMAN GUT MICROBIOME AB In this paper, we analyze and optimize the most time-consuming steps of the SWAP-Assembler, a parallel genome assembler, so that it can scale to a large number of cores for huge genomes with sequencing data ranging from terabyes to petabytes. Performance analysis results show that the most time-consuming steps are input parallelization, k-mer graph construction, and graph simplification (edge merging). For the input parallelization, the input data is divided into virtual fragments with nearly equal size, and the start position and end position of each fragment are automatically separated at the beginning of the reads. In k-mer graph construction, in order to improve the communication efficiency, the message size is kept constant between any two processes by proportionally increasing the number of nucleotides to the number of processes in the input parallelization step for each round. The memory usage is also decreased because only a small part of the input data is processed in each round. With graph simplification, the communication protocol reduces the number of communication loops from four to two loops and decreases the idle communication time. The optimized assembler is denoted SWAP-Assembler 2 (SWAP2). In our experiments using a 1000 Genomes project dataset of 4 terabytes (the largest dataset ever used for assembling) on the Blue Gene/Q supercomputer Mira, the results show that SWAP2 scales to 131,072 cores with an efficiency of 40%. We also compared our work with both the HipMer assembler and the SWAP-Assembler. On the Yanhuang dataset of 300 gigabytes, SWAP2 shows a 3X speedup and 4X better scalability compared with the HipMer assembler and is 45 times faster than the SWAP-Assembler. The SWAP2 software is available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/swapassembler. C1 [Meng, Jintao; Wei, Yanjie; Feng, Shenzhong] Chinese Acad Sci, Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. [Seo, Sangmin; Balaji, Pavan] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Bingqiang] Beijing Genom Inst, Shenzhen 518083, Peoples R China. RP Meng, JT (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China. EM jt.meng@siat.ac.cn; sseo@anl.gov; balaji@anl.gov; yj.wei@siat.ac.cn; wangbingqiang@gmail.com; sz.feng@siat.ac.cn NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.29 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600022 ER PT S AU Balaprakash, P Morozov, V Kettimuthu, R Kumaran, K Foster, I AF Balaprakash, Prasanna Morozov, Vitali Kettimuthu, Rajkumar Kumaran, Kalyan Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI Improving Data Transfer Throughput with Direct Search Optimization SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc ID ALGORITHMS AB Improving data transfer throughput over high-speed long-distance networks has become increasingly difficult. Numerous factors such as nondeterministic congestion, dynamics of the transfer protocol, and multiuser and multitask source and destination endpoints, as well as interactions among these factors, contribute to this difficulty. A promising approach to improving throughput consists in using parallel streams at the application layer. We formulate and solve the problem of choosing the number of such streams from a mathematical optimization perspective. We propose the use of direct search methods, a class of easy-to-implement and light-weight mathematical optimization algorithms, to improve the performance of data transfers by dynamically adapting the number of parallel streams in a manner that does not require domain expertise, instrumentation, analytical models, or historic data. We apply our method to transfers performed with the GridFTP protocol, and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm when used within Globus, a state-of-the-art data transfer tool, on production WAN links and servers. We show that when compared to user default settings our direct search methods can achieve up to 10x performance improvement under certain conditions. We also show that our method can overcome performance degradation due to external compute and network load on source end points, a common scenario at high performance computing facilities. C1 [Balaprakash, Prasanna; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Balaprakash, Prasanna; Morozov, Vitali; Kumaran, Kalyan] Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Balaprakash, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Balaprakash, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Leadership Comp Facil, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pbalapra@anl.gov; morozov@anl.gov; kettimut@anl.gov; kumaran@anl.gov; foster@anl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.36 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600029 ER PT S AU Tang, HJ Byna, S Harenberg, S Zhang, WZ Zou, XC Martin, DF Dong, B Devendran, D Wu, KS Trebotich, D Klasky, S Samatova, NF AF Tang, Houjun Byna, Suren Harenberg, Steve Zhang, Wenzhao Zou, Xiaocheng Martin, Daniel F. Dong, Bin Devendran, Dharshi Wu, Kesheng Trebotich, David Klasky, Scott Samatova, Nagiza F. GP IEEE TI In situ Storage Layout Optimization for AMR Spatio-temporal Read Accesses SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc ID ADAPTIVE MESH; PERFORMANCE AB Analyses of large simulation data often concentrate on regions in space and in time that contain important information. As simulations adopt Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR), the data records from a region of interest could be widely scattered on storage devices and accessing interesting regions results in significantly reduced I/O performance. In this work, we study the organization of block-structured AMR data on storage to improve performance of spatio-temporal data accesses. AMR has a complex hierarchical multi-resolution data structure that does not fit easily with the existing approaches that focus on uniform mesh data. To enable efficient AMR read accesses, we develop an in situ data layout optimization framework. Our framework automatically selects from a set of candidate layouts based on a performance model, and reorganizes the data before writing to storage. We evaluate this framework with three AMR datasets and access patterns derived from scientific applications. Our performance model is able to identify the best layout scheme and yields up to a 3X read performance improvement compared to the original layout. Though it is not possible to turn all read accesses into contiguous reads, we are able to achieve 90% of contiguous read throughput with the optimized layouts on average. C1 [Tang, Houjun; Harenberg, Steve; Zhang, Wenzhao; Zou, Xiaocheng; Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Byna, Suren; Martin, Daniel F.; Dong, Bin; Devendran, Dharshi; Wu, Kesheng; Trebotich, David] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tang, Houjun; Harenberg, Steve; Zhang, Wenzhao; Zou, Xiaocheng; Klasky, Scott; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.; Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 406 EP 415 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.53 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600046 ER PT S AU Thapaliya, S Bangalore, P Lofstead, J Mohror, K Moody, A AF Thapaliya, Sagar Bangalore, Purushotham Lofstead, Jay Mohror, Kathryn Moody, Adam GP IEEE TI Managing I/O Interference in a Shared Burst Buffer System SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc DE Burst Buffer; Parallel I/O; Data Storage; Non Volatile Memory; Resource Management; Scheduling; I/O Interference AB In this work, we investigate the problem of inter-application interference in a shared Burst Buffer (BB) system. A BB is a new storage technology for HPC architectures that acts as an intermediate layer between performance-hungry HPC applications and the slow parallel file system. While the BB is meant to alleviate the problem of slow I/O in HPC systems, it is itself prone to performance degradation under interference. We observe that the magnitude of interference effects can reach a level that matters to the HPC system and the jobs that run on it. We investigate I/O scheduling techniques as a mechanism to mitigate BB I/O interference. With our results, we show that scheduling techniques tuned to BBs can control interference and significant performance benefits can be achieved. C1 [Thapaliya, Sagar; Bangalore, Purushotham] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. [Lofstead, Jay] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Mohror, Kathryn; Moody, Adam] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Thapaliya, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. EM sagar@uab.edu; puri@uab.edu; gflofst@sandia.gov; kathryn@llnl.gov; moody20@llnl.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 416 EP 425 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.54 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600047 ER PT S AU Daily, J Kalyanaraman, A Krishnamoorthy, S Ren, B AF Daily, Jeff Kalyanaraman, Ananth Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Ren, Bin GP IEEE TI On the Impact of Widening Vector Registers on Sequence Alignment SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc ID PROTEIN DATABASE SEARCH; SPEED-UP; SIMD; ALGORITHM; ACCELERATION; INSTRUCTIONS AB Vector extensions, such as SSE, have been part of the x86 since the 1990s, with applications in graphics, signal processing, and scientific applications. Although many algorithms and applications can naturally benefit from automatic vectorization techniques, there are still many that are difficult to vectorize due to their dependence on irregular data structures, dense branch operations, or data dependencies. Sequence alignment, one of the most widely used operations in bioinformatics workflows, has a computational footprint that features complex data dependencies. In this paper, we demonstrate that the trend of widening vector registers adversely affects the state-of-the-art sequence alignment algorithm based on striped data layouts. We present a practically efficient SIMD implementation of a parallel scan based sequence alignment algorithm that can better exploit wider SIMD units. We conduct comprehensive workload and use case analyses to characterize the relative behavior of the striped and scan approaches and identify the best choice of algorithm based on input length and SIMD width. C1 [Daily, Jeff; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Ren, Bin] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kalyanaraman, Ananth] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Daily, J (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.65 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600058 ER PT S AU Shohdy, S Vishnu, A Agrawal, G AF Shohdy, Sameh Vishnu, Abhinav Agrawal, Gagan GP IEEE TI Fault Tolerant Support Vector Machines SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc AB Support Vector Machines (SVM) is a popular Machine Learning algorithm, which is used for building classifiers and models. Parallel implementations of SVM, which can run on large scale supercomputers, are becoming commonplace. However, these supercomputers - designed under constraints of data movement - frequently observe faults in compute devices. Many device faults manifest as permanent process/node failures. In this paper, we present several approaches for designing fault tolerant SVM algorithms. First, we present an in-depth analysis to identify the critical data structures, and build baseline algorithms that simply periodically checkpoint these data structures. Next, we propose a novel algorithm, which requires no inter-node data movement for checkpointing, and only O(n(2)/p(2)) recovery time - a small fraction of the expected O(n(3)/p) time-complexity of SVM. We implement these algorithms and evaluate them on a large scale cluster. Our evaluation indicates that the overall data movement for checkpointing in the baseline algorithm can be up to 100x the dataset size!, while the proposed novel algorithm is completely communication-free of checkpointing. In addition, it saves up to 20x space, while providing better (by an average of 5.5x speedup on 256 cores) recovery time than the baseline algorithm with different number of checkpoints. The experiments also show that our communication avoiding algorithm outperforms Spark MLLib SVM implementation by an average of 6.4x with 256 cores in the case of failure. C1 [Shohdy, Sameh; Agrawal, Gagan] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Vishnu, Abhinav] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, High Performance Comp Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shohdy, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ahmedsa@cse.ohio-state.edu; Abhinav.Vishnu@pnnl.gov; agarwal@cse.ohio-state.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 598 EP 607 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.75 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600068 ER PT S AU Seal, SK Hirshman, SP Wingen, A Wilcox, RS Cianciosa, MR Unterberg, EA AF Seal, Sudip K. Hirshman, Steven P. Wingen, Andreas Wilcox, Robert S. Cianciosa, Mark R. Unterberg, Ezekial A. GP IEEE TI PARVMEC: An Efficient, Scalable Implementation of the Variational Moments Equilibrium Code SO PROCEEDINGS 45TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING - ICPP 2016 SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY AUG 16-19, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun, IEEE Comp Soc ID SPECTRAL CODE AB The ability to sustain magnetically confined plasma in a state of stable equilibrium is crucial for optimal and cost-effective operations of fusion devices like tokamaks and stellarators. The Variational Moments Equilibrium Code (VMEC) is the de-facto serial application used by fusion scientists to compute magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equilibria and study the physics of three dimensional plasmas in confined configurations. Modern fusion energy experiments have larger system scales with more interactive experimental workflows, both demanding faster analysis turnaround times on computational workloads that are stressing the capabilities of sequential VMEC. In this paper, we present PARVMEC, an efficient, parallel version of its sequential counterpart, capable of scaling to thousands of processors on distributed memory machines. PARVMEC is a non-linear code, with multiple numerical physics modules, each with its own computational complexity. A detailed speedup analysis supported by scaling results on 1,024 cores of a Cray XC30 supercomputer is presented. Depending on the mode of PARVMEC execution, speedup improvements of one to two orders of magnitude are reported. PARVMEC equips fusion scientists for the first time with a state-of-theart capability for rapid, high fidelity analyses of magnetically confined plasmas at unprecedented scales. C1 [Seal, Sudip K.; Hirshman, Steven P.; Wingen, Andreas; Wilcox, Robert S.; Cianciosa, Mark R.; Unterberg, Ezekial A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Seal, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-5090-2823-8 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2016 BP 618 EP 627 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2016.77 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG1TM UT WOS:000387089600070 ER PT S AU Bendahan, J Langeveld, WGJ Bharadwaj, V Amann, J Limborg, C Nosochkov, Y AF Bendahan, J. Langeveld, W. G. J. Bharadwaj, V. Amann, J. Limborg, C. Nosochkov, Y. BE Erickson, A Hamm, M Rahnema, F Zhang, D TI Vertical intensity modulation for improved radiographic penetration and reduced exclusion zone SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES (CRETE15) SE International Journal of Modern Physics-Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques (CRETE) CY JUN 14-20, 2015 CL Crete, GREECE DE X-ray scanner; intensity modulation; penetration; low dose; small exclusion zone ID HOMELAND SECURITY APPLICATIONS; RAY SOURCE IMAXS AB In the present work, a method to direct the X-ray beam in real time to the desired locations in the cargo to increase penetration and reduce exclusion zone is presented. Cargo scanners employ high energy X-rays to produce radiographic images of the cargo. Most new scanners employ dualenergy to produce, in addition to attenuation maps, atomic number information in order to facilitate the detection of contraband. The electron beam producing the bremsstrahlung X-ray beam is usually directed approximately to the center of the container, concentrating the highest Xray intensity to that area. Other parts of the container are exposed to lower radiation levels due to the large drop-off of the bremsstrahlung radiation intensity as a function of angle, especially for high energies (>6 MV). This results in lower penetration in these areas, requiring higher power sources that increase the dose and exclusion zone. The capability to modulate the X-ray source intensity on a pulse-by-pulse basis to deliver only as much radiation as required to the cargo has been reported previously. This method is, however, controlled by the most attenuating part of the inspected slice, resulting in excessive radiation to other areas of the cargo. A method to direct a dual-energy beam has been developed to provide a more precisely controlled level of required radiation to highly attenuating areas. The present method is based on steering the dual-energy electron beam using magnetic components on a pulse-to-pulse basis to a fixed location on the Xray production target, but incident at different angles so as to direct the maximum intensity of the produced bremsstrahlung to the desired locations. The details of the technique and subsystem and simulation results are presented. C1 [Bendahan, J.; Langeveld, W. G. J.] Rapiscan Labs Inc, 520 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 95129 USA. [Bharadwaj, V.; Amann, J.; Limborg, C.; Nosochkov, Y.] SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bendahan, J (reprint author), Rapiscan Labs Inc, 520 Almanor Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 95129 USA. EM jbendahan@rapiscanSystems.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2010-1945 J9 INT J MOD PHYS PY 2016 VL 44 AR UNSP 1660213 DI 10.1142/S2010194516602131 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF9PR UT WOS:000385793900007 ER PT S AU Dale, DS Kosinov, O Forest, T Burggraf, J Stave, S Warren, G Starovoitova, V AF Dale, D. S. Kosinov, O. Forest, T. Burggraf, J. Stave, S. Warren, G. Starovoitova, V. BE Erickson, A Hamm, M Rahnema, F Zhang, D TI Two neutron correlations in photo-fission SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES (CRETE15) SE International Journal of Modern Physics-Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques (CRETE) CY JUN 14-20, 2015 CL Crete, GREECE DE Photo-fission; bremsstrahlung; actinides ID PROMPT NEUTRONS; CF-252 AB A large body of experimental work has established the strong kinematical correlation between fission fragments and fission neutrons. Here, we report on the progress of investigations of the potential for strong two neutron correlations arising from the nearly back-to-back nature of the two fission fragments that emit these neutrons in the photo-fission process. In initial measurements, a pulsed electron linear accelerator was used to generate bremsstrahlung photons that impinged upon an actinide target, and the energy and opening angle distributions of coincident neutrons were measured using a large acceptance neutron detector array. A planned comprehensive set of measurements of two neutron correlations in the photo-fission of actinides is expected to shed light on several fundamental aspects of the fission process including the multiplicity distributions associated with the light and heavy fission fragments, the nuclear temperatures of the fission fragments, and the mass distribution of the fission fragments as a function of energy released. In addition to these measurements providing important nuclear data, the unique kinematics of fission and the resulting two neutron correlations have the potential to be the basis for a new tool to detect fissionable materials. A key technical challenge of this program arises from the need to perform coincidence measurements with a low duty factor, pulsed electron accelerator. This has motivated the construction of a large acceptance neutron detector array, and the development of data analysis techniques to directly measure uncorrelated two neutron backgrounds. C1 [Dale, D. S.; Kosinov, O.; Forest, T.; Burggraf, J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, 921 S 8th Ave,Stop 8106, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Stave, S.; Warren, G.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,MS J4-65, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Starovoitova, V.] Niowave Inc, 1012 N Walnut St, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. RP Dale, DS (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, 921 S 8th Ave,Stop 8106, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM daledani@isu.edu; kosiolek@isu.edu; foretony@isu.edu; burgjeff@isu.edu; sean.stave@pnnl.gov; glen.warren@pnnl.gov; valeriia@niowaveinc.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2010-1945 J9 INT J MOD PHYS PY 2016 VL 44 AR UNSP 1660240 DI 10.1142/S2010194516602404 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BF9PR UT WOS:000385793900034 ER PT B AU Agarwal, V Buttles, JW Beaty, L Naser, J AF Agarwal, Vivek Buttles, John W. Beaty, Lawrence Naser, Joseph GP ASME TI INTELLIGENT PLANT CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT USING WIRELESS SENSORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB Plant configuration management is an essential element of nuclear power plant (NPP) design, construction, and operation. In the current operating model of NPPs, plant configuration management is highly dependent on large technical staffs. This dependency is because NPPs have a large number of systems and most operations are manually performed. Work processes tend to be fairly complex due to nuclear quality and documentation requirements. NPPs conduct a substantial number of ongoing surveillance activities to verify that plant components are in their required positions (open/close, on/off, etc.) for current and upcoming plant configuration. This puts nuclear energy at somewhat of a long-term economic disadvantage compared to non-nuclear energy generation sources with rising labor costs. Also, it presents human error opportunities, regulatory compliance impacts, and personnel safety hazards. Furthermore, some of these components are located in radiation control zones and result in dose to the surveillance personnel, thereby creating potential nuclear safety hazards. Technology can play a key role in NPP configuration management in offsetting labor costs by automating manually performed plant activities, such as determining the current state of equipment and process parameters. Alternatively, current NPP instrumentation and control systems are approaching their end-of-life and are facing age-related issues, which presents opportunity to upgrade the systems to reduce dependence on manual activities. This paper presents a proof-of-concept prototype intelligent plant configuration management system using available wireless component position sensors to help reduce operating costs for field-based component position verification activities as well as reduce operational challenges due to component position errors. The work focuses on position sensors for selected manual valve types. The wireless network implemented in this work is based on The Internet of Things network since it enables many different devices to communicate between each other across the same network. The proof-of-concept prototype presented in this paper would benefit the nuclear industry in several ways including reduced labor costs, reduced radiation dose, reduced nuclear and personnel safety challenges, and improved plant and regulatory performance. C1 [Agarwal, Vivek; Buttles, John W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Beaty, Lawrence] Idaho State Univ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Naser, Joseph] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Agarwal, V (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5001-5 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AS UT WOS:000387190200094 ER PT B AU Chen, Y Chen, WY Rao, AS Li, Z Yang, Y Alexandreanu, B Natesan, K AF Chen, Y. Chen, W-Y. Rao, A. S. Li, Z. Yang, Y. Alexandreanu, B. Natesan, K. GP ASME TI FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF CAST AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc ID EMBRITTLEMENT; IRRADIATION; FERRITE AB Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) possess excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties and are used alongside with wrought stainless steels (SS) in light water reactors for primary pressure boundaries and reactor core internal components. In contrast to the fully austenitic microstructure of wrought SS, CASS alloys consist of a dual phase microstructure of delta ferrite and austenite. The delta ferrite is critical for the service performance since it improves the strength, weldability, corrosion resistance, and soundness of CASS alloys. On the other hand, the delta ferrite is also vulnerable to embrittlement when exposed to reactor service temperatures and fast neutron irradiations. In this study, the combined effect of thermal aging and neutron irradiation on the degradation of CASS alloys was investigated. Neutron irradiated CASS specimens with and without prior thermal aging were tested in simulated light water reactor environments for crack growth rate and fracture toughness. Miniature compact-tension specimens of CF-3 and CF-8 alloys were tested to evaluate the extent of embrittlement resulting from thermal aging and neutron irradiation. The materials used are static casts containing more than 23% delta ferrite. Some specimens were thermally aged at 400 degrees C for 10,000 hours prior to the neutron irradiation to simulate thermal aging embrittlement. Both the unaged and aged specimens were irradiated at similar to 320 degrees C to a low displacement damage dose of 0.08 dpa. Crack growth rate and fracture toughness J-integral resistance curve tests were carried out on the irradiated and unirradiated control samples in simulated light water reactor environments with low corrosion potentials. While no elevated crack propagation rates were detected in the test environments, significant reductions in fracture toughness were observed after either thermal aging or neutron irradiation. The loss of fracture toughness due to neutron irradiation seemed more evident in the samples without prior thermal aging. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination was carried out on the thermally aged and neutron irradiated specimens. The result showed that both neutron irradiation and thermal aging can induce significant changes in the delta ferrite. A high density of G-phase precipitates was observed with TEM in the thermally, aged specimens, consistent with previous results. Similar precipitate microstructures were also observed in the neutron-irradiated specimens with or without prior thermal aging. A more extensive precipitate microstructure can be seen in the samples subjected to both thermal aging and neutron irradiation. The similar precipitate microstructures resulting from thermal aging and neutron irradiation are consistent with the fracture toughness results, suggesting a common microstructural origin of the observed embrittlement after thermal aging and neutron irradiation. C1 [Chen, Y.; Chen, W-Y.; Alexandreanu, B.; Natesan, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Rao, A. S.] Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Rockville, MD USA. [Li, Z.; Yang, Y.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5001-5 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T03A022 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AS UT WOS:000387190200064 ER PT B AU Duckworth, RC Frame, E Fifield, LS Glass, SW AF Duckworth, Robert C. Frame, Emily Fifield, Leonard S. Glass, Samuel W., III GP ASME TI BENCHMARK ACCELERATED AGING OF HARVESTED HYPALON/EPR AND CSPE/XLPE POWER AND I&C CABLE IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB As part of the Light Water Reactor and Sustainability (LWRS) program in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy, material aging and degradation research is currently geared to support the long-term operation of existing nuclear power plants (NPPs) as they move beyond their initial 40 year licenses. The goal of this research is to provide information so that NPPs can develop aging management programs (AMPs) to address replacement and monitoring needs as they look to operate for 20 years, and in some cases 40 years, beyond their initial, licensed operating lifetimes. For cable insulation and jacket materials that support instrument, control, and safety systems, accelerated aging data are needed to determine priorities in cable aging management programs. Before accelerated thermal and radiation aging of harvested, representative cable insulation and jacket materials, the benchmark performance of a new test capability at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) was evaluated for temperatures between 70 and 135 degrees C, dose rates between 100 and 500 Gy/h, and accumulated doses up to 200 kGy. Samples that were characterized and are representative of current materials in use were harvested from the Callaway NPP near Fulton, Missouri, and the San Onofre NPP north of San Diego, California. From the Callaway NPP, a multiconductor control rod cable manufactured by Boston Insulated Wire (BIW), with a Hypalon/ chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) jacket and ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) insulation, was harvested from the auxiliary space during a planned outage in 2013. This cable was placed into service when the plant was started in 1984. From the San Onofre NPP, a Rockbestos Firewall III (FRIII) cable with a Hypalon/ CSPE jacket with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation was harvested from an on site, climate-controlled storage area. This conductor, which was never placed into service, was procured around 2007 in anticipation of future operation that did not occur. Benchmark aging for both jacket and insulation material was carried out in air at a temperature of 125 degrees C or in a uniform 140 Gy/h gamma field over a period of 60 days. Their mechanical properties over the course of their exposures were compared with reference data from comparable cable jacket/insulation compositions and aging conditions. For both accelerated thermal and radiation aging, it was observed that the mechanical properties for the Callaway BIW control rod cable were consistent with those previously measured. However, for the San Onofre Rockbestos FRIII, there was an observable functional difference for accelerated thermal aging at 125 degrees C. Details on possible sources for this difference and plans for resolving each source are given in this paper. C1 [Duckworth, Robert C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Frame, Emily] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Fifield, Leonard S.; Glass, Samuel W., III] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5001-5 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T01A007 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AS UT WOS:000387190200007 ER PT B AU Grelle, AL Park, YS Vilim, RB AF Grelle, Austin L. Park, Young S. Vilim, Richard B. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF FAULT-DIAGNOSIS ALGORITHMS FOR REACTOR PLANT SYSTEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc ID PRODIAG AB Argonne National Laboratory is further developing fault diagnosis algorithms for use by the operator of a nuclear plant to aid in improved monitoring of overall plant condition and performance. The objective is better management of plant upsets through more timely, informed decisions on control actions with the ultimate goal of improved plant safety, production, and cost management. Integration of these algorithms with visual aids for operators is taking place through a collaboration under the concept of an operator advisory system. This is a software entity whose purpose is to manage and distill the enormous amount of information an operator must process to understand the plant state, particularly in off normal situations, and how the state trajectory will unfold in time. The fault diagnosis algorithms were exhaustively tested using computer simulations of twenty different faults introduced into the chemical and volume control system (CVCS) of a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The algorithms are unique in that each new application to a facility requires providing only the piping and instrumentation diagram (PID) and no other plant-specific information; a subject-matter expert is not needed to install and maintain each instance of an application. The testing approach followed accepted procedures for verifying and validating software. It was shown that the code satisfies its functional requirement which is to accept sensor information, identify process variable trends based on this sensor information, and then to return an accurate diagnosis based on chains of rules related to these trends. The validation and verification exercise made use of GPASS, a one-dimensional systems code, for simulating CVCS operation. Plant components were failed and the code generated the resulting plant response. Parametric studies with respect to the severity of the fault, the richness of the plant sensor set, and the accuracy of sensors were performed as part of the validation exercise. The background and overview of the software will be presented to give an overview of the approach. Following, the verification and validation effort using the GPASS code for simulation of plant transients including a sensitivity study on important parameters will be presented. Finally, the planned future path will be highlighted. C1 [Grelle, Austin L.; Park, Young S.; Vilim, Richard B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Grelle, AL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5001-5 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T04A018 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AS UT WOS:000387190200098 ER PT B AU Ozaltun, H AF Ozaltun, Hakan GP ASME TI EFFECTS OF CLADDING MATERIAL ON IRRADIATION PERFORMANCE OF MONOLITHIC MINI-PLATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc DE Mini-plate; U7Mo fuel; Zry4 cladding; Irradiation ID MO ALLOY FUEL; ZIRCALOY-4; CREEP AB Monolithic, plate-type fuels are the proposed fuel form for the conversion of the research and test reactors to achieve higher uranium densities within the reactor core. This fuel type is comprised of a low enrichment, a high density U-10Mo alloy fuel-foil, which is sandwiched between diffusion barriers and encapsulated in a cladding material. To understand the irradiation performance, fuel-plates are being benchmarked for large number of parameters. In this work, effects of the cladding material were studied. In particular, a monolithic fuel plate with U7Mo foil and Zry-4 cladding was simulated to explore feasibility of using Zircaloy as a surrogate cladding material. For this, a selected mini-plate from RERTR-7 tests was simulated first with as-run irradiation history. By using same irradiation parameters, a second case, a plate with U10Mo fuel and A16061 cladding was simulated to make a comparative assessment. The results indicated that the plate with Zircaloy cladding would operate roughly 50 degrees C hotter compared with the plate with Aluminum cladding. Larger displacement profiles along the thickness for the plate with Zircaloy cladding were observed. Higher plastic strains occur for the plate with Aluminum cladding. The results have revealed that any pre-irradiation stresses would be relieved relatively fast in reactor and the fuel-foil would be essentially stress-free during irradiation. The fuel stresses however, develop at reactor shutdown. The plate with Zircaloy cladding would have higher residual stresses due to higher pre-shutdown temperatures. Similarly, the stresses magnitudes are higher in the foil core for the plates with Zircaloy cladding. Finally, pressure on the fuel is significantly higher for the plates with Zircaloy cladding. Overall, employing a Zircaloy as surrogate cladding material did not provide a better thermo-mechanical performance compared with the Aluminum cladding. C1 [Ozaltun, Hakan] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Ozaltun, H (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM hakan.ozaltun@inl.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5001-5 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T02A009 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AS UT WOS:000387190200021 ER PT B AU Roh, HS Mohamed, W AF Roh, Hee Seok Mohamed, Walid GP ASME TI EFFECT OF COOLING RATES ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF U-10MO MONOLITHIC MINI-PLATE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB To investigate the effect of cooling on the thermo-mechanical behavior of U-10Mo fuel plate during shutdown step, Finite Element(FE) analysis was performed on the plate L1P756 from RERTR-12 experiments [1]. Changes in cooling rates were simulated by varying the coolant velocity on the two sides of the plate. Since coolant velocity was directly related to heat transfer coefficient (he), different cooling velocities have been implemented by changing heat transfer coefficient corresponding to coolant velocity ranging from 10% to 200% of the baseline coolant velocity. Also, this study investigated the effect of strain rate on residual stresses of the mini-plates, which may be caused by the cooling rate. From numerical analysis results, it was found that cooling time increases as the coolant velocity decreases. It was observed that the cooling time is seven times longer if the coolant velocity is reduced 90%. A plate with two times faster coolant than the baseline reduced the cooling time by half of the original cooling time. As the cooling proceeded, von Mises stress was being increased in the plate and the highest stress at a certain time during the shutdown period was observed in the plate with the fastest coolant flow. However, no difference in residual stress was found at all different cooling rates at the end of the shutdown step. For strain rate effect analysis, the maximum strain rate was calculated to be 3 s(-1) as soon as the cooling was started and the strain rate drastically decreased close to zero. The change of strain rate in time was found the same in all cases with different cooling rates. Therefore, it turned out that the cooling rate did not affect the residual stress of the cladding considered in this study. C1 [Roh, Hee Seok; Mohamed, Walid] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roh, HS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5001-5 PY 2016 AR UNSP V001T02A026 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AS UT WOS:000387190200038 ER PT B AU Brunett, AJ Grabaskas, D Bucknor, M Passerini, S AF Brunett, Acacia J. Grabaskas, Dave Bucknor, Matthew Passerini, Stefano GP ASME TI A METHODOLOGY FOR THE INTEGRATION OF PASSIVE SYSTEM RELIABILITY WITH SUCCESS CRITERIA IN A PROBABILISTIC FRAMEWORK FOR ADVANCED REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) and Argonne National Laboratory are currently engaged in a joint effort to modernize and develop probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques for advanced non-light water reactors. At a high level, the primary outcome of this project will be the development of next generation PRA methodologies that will enable risk-informed prioritization of safety- and reliability-focused research and development, while also identifying gaps that may be resolved through additional research. A subset of this effort is the development of PRA methodologies that can be used for the determination of passive system reliability while integrating quantitative success criteria into the risk analysis framework. An updated passive system reliability approach has been developed for utilization in the PRISM PRA that systematically characterizes the impact of passive safety systems on key success criteria. This methodology is derived from the Reliability Method for Passive Systems (RMPS), but is refined to explicitly include consideration of overall mission success through satisfaction of success criteria, rather than only focusing on the passive system itself. This paper provides details on the integrated methodology, focusing on the interface between passive system reliability and success criteria. Specific examples for the passive systems/features of interest, RVACS and inherent reactivity feedback, are included. Additionally, aspects of the integrated passive system and success criteria methodology as they relate to the ASME/ANS Non-LWR PRA Standard are identified and discussed. C1 [Brunett, Acacia J.; Grabaskas, Dave; Bucknor, Matthew; Passerini, Stefano] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Brunett, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5002-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T06A029 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AU UT WOS:000387190600041 ER PT B AU Fifield, LS Duckworth, R Glass, SW AF Fifield, Leonard S. Duckworth, Robert Glass, Samuel W., III GP ASME TI LONG TERM OPERATION ISSUES FOR ELECTRICAL CABLE SYSTEMS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB Nuclear power plants contain hundreds of kilometers of electrical cables including cables used for power, for instrumentation, and for control. It is essential that safety related cable systems continue to perform following a design basis event. Wholesale replacement of electrical cables in existing plants facing licensing period renewal may be both impractical and cost-prohibitive. It is therefore important to understand the long term aging of cable materials to have confidence that aged cables will perform when needed. It is equally important in support of cable aging management to develop methods to evaluate the health of installed cables and inform selective cable replacement decisions. The most common insulation materials for electrical cables in nuclear power plants are cross-linked polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber. The mechanical properties of these materials degrade over time in the presence of environmental stresses including heat, gamma irradiation, and moisture. Mechanical degradation of cable insulation beyond a certain threshold is unacceptable because it can lead to insulation cracking, exposure of energized conductors, arcing and burning or loss of the ability of the cable system to function during a design-basis accident. While thermal-, radiation-, and moisture-related degradation of polymer insulation materials has been extensively studied over the last few decades, questions remain regarding the long term performance of cable materials in nuclear plant-specific environments. Identified knowledge gaps include an understanding of the temperature-dependence of activation energies for thermal damage and an understanding of the synergistic effects of radiation and thermal stress on polymer degradation. Many of the outstanding questions in the aging behavior of cable materials relate to the necessity of predicting long-term field degradation using accelerated aging results from the laboratory. Materials degrade faster under more extreme conditions, but extension of behavior to long term degradation under more mild conditions, such as those experienced by most installed cables in nuclear power plants, is complicated by the fact that different degradation mechanisms may be involved in extreme and mild scenarios. The discrepancy in predicted results from short term, more extreme exposure and actual results from longer term, more mild exposures can be counter intuitive. For instance, due to the attenuation of oxidation penetration in material samples rapidly aged through exposure to high temperatures, the bulk of the samples may be artificially protected from thermal aging. In another example, simultaneous exposure of cable insulation material to heat and radiation may actually lead to less damage at higher temperatures than may be observed at lower temperatures. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability program of the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy is funding research to increase the predictive understanding of electrical cable material aging and degradation in existing nuclear power plants in support of continued safe operation of plants beyond their initial license periods. This research includes the evaluation and development of methods to assess installed cable condition. C1 [Fifield, Leonard S.; Glass, Samuel W., III] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Duckworth, Robert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Fifield, LS (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5002-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T05A008 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AU UT WOS:000387190600008 ER PT B AU Grabaskas, D Brunett, AJ Bucknor, M AF Grabaskas, Dave Brunett, Acacia J. Bucknor, Matthew GP ASME TI A METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RELIABILITY DATABASE FOR AN ADVANCED REACTOR PROBABILISTIC RISK ASSESSMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) and Argonne National Laboratory are currently engaged in a joint effort to modernize and develop probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques for advanced non-light water reactors. At a high level the primary outcome of this project will be the development of next generation PRA methodologies that will enable risk-informed prioritization of safety- and reliability-focused research and development, while also identifying gaps that may be resolved through additional research. A subset of this effort is the development of a reliability database (RDB) methodology to determine applicable reliability data for inclusion in the quantification of the PRA. The RDB method developed during this project seeks to satisfy the requirements of the Data Analysis element of the ASME/ANS Non-LWR PRA standard. The RDB methodology utilizes a relevancy test to examine reliability data and determine whether it is appropriate to include as part of the reliability database for the PRA. The relevancy test compares three component properties to establish the level of similarity to components examined as part of the PRA. These properties include the component function, the component failure modes, and the environment/boundary conditions of the component. The relevancy test is used to gauge the quality of data found in a variety of sources, such as advanced reactor-specific databases, non-advanced reactor nuclear databases, and non-nuclear databases. The RDB also establishes the integration of expert judgment or separate reliability analysis with past reliability data. This paper provides details on the RDB methodology, and includes an example application of the RDB methodology for determining the reliability of the intermediate heat exchanger of a sodium fast reactor. The example explores a variety of reliability data sources, and assesses their applicability for the PRA of interest through the use of the relevancy test. C1 [Grabaskas, Dave; Brunett, Acacia J.; Bucknor, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grabaskas, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5002-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T06A031 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AU UT WOS:000387190600043 ER PT B AU Grabaskas, D Brunett, AJ Bucknor, M AF Grabaskas, Dave Brunett, Acacia J. Bucknor, Matthew GP ASME TI A METHODOLOGY FOR THE INTEGRATION OF A MECHANISTIC SOURCE TERM ANALYSIS IN A PROBABILISTIC FRAMEWORK FOR ADVANCED REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) and Argonne National Laboratory are currently engaged in a joint effort to modernize and develop probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) techniques for advanced non-light water reactors. At a high level, the primary outcome of this project will be the development of next generation PRA methodologies that will enable risk-informed prioritization of safety- and reliability-focused research and development, while also identifying gaps that may be resolved through additional research. A subset of this effort is the development of PRA methodologies to conduct a mechanistic source term (MST) analysis for event sequences that could result in the release of radionuclides. The MST analysis seeks to realistically model and assess the transport, retention, and release of radionuclides from the reactor to the environment. The MST methods developed during this project seek to satisfy the requirements of the Mechanistic Source Term element of the ASME/ANS Non-LWR PRA standard. The MST methodology consists of separate analysis approaches for risk significant and non-risk significant event sequences that may result in the release of radionuclides from the reactor. For risk significant event sequences, the methodology focuses on a detailed assessment, using mechanistic models, of radio-nuclide release from the fuel, transport through and release from the primary system, transport in the containment, and finally release to the environment. The analysis approach for non-risk significant event sequences examines the possibility of large radionuclide releases due to events such as re-criticality or the complete loss of radionuclide barriers. This paper provides details on the MST methodology, including the interface between the MST analysis and other elements of the PRA, and provides a simplified example MST calculation for a sodium fast reactor. C1 [Grabaskas, Dave; Brunett, Acacia J.; Bucknor, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grabaskas, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5002-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T06A030 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AU UT WOS:000387190600042 ER PT B AU Ohgama, K Aliberti, G Stauff, NE Ohki, S Kim, TK AF Ohgama, Kazuya Aliberti, Gerardo Stauff, Nicolas E. Ohki, Shigeo Kim, Taek K. GP ASME TI Comparative study on neutronics characteristics of a 1500 MWe metal fuel sodium-cooled fast reactor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc DE Sodium-cooled fast reactor; Metal fuel; Benchmark; Verification; Monte Carlo; JSFR ID NUCLEAR-SCIENCE; TECHNOLOGY; LIBRARY AB Under the cooperative effort of the Civil Nuclear Energy R&D Working Group within the framework of the U.S.-Japan bilateral, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) have been performing benchmark study using Japan Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) design with metal fuel. In this benchmark study, core characteristic parameters at the beginning of cycle were evaluated by the best estimate deterministic and stochastic methodologies of ANL and JAEA. The results obtained by both institutions are agreed well with less than 200 pcm of discrepancy on the neutron multiplication factor, and less than 3% of discrepancy on the sodium void reactivity, Doppler reactivity, and control rod worth. The results by the stochastic and deterministic were compared in each party to investigate impacts of the deterministic approximation and to understand potential variations in the results due to different calculation methodologies employed. Impacts of the nuclear data libraries were also investigated using a sensitivity analysis methodology. C1 [Ohgama, Kazuya; Ohki, Shigeo] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. [Aliberti, Gerardo; Stauff, Nicolas E.; Kim, Taek K.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ohgama, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5002-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T06A020 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AU UT WOS:000387190600032 ER PT B AU Sakai, T Ren, LX Tsige-Tamirat, H Vasile, A Kang, SH Ashurko, Y Fanning, T AF Sakai, Takaaki Ren, Lixia Tsige-Tamirat, Haileyesus Vasile, Alfredo Kang, Seok-Hun Ashurko, Yury Fanning, Thomas GP ASME TI ACTIVITIES OF THE SAFETY AND OPERATION PROJECT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SODIUM-COOLED FAST REACTOR IN THE GENERATION IV INTERNATIONAL FORUM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The Generation IV (GEN-IV) international forum is a framework for international cooperation in research and development (R&D) for the next generation of nuclear energy systems. Concerning the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) system, there are five cooperation projects for R&D. The SFR Safety and Operation (SO) project addresses the area of the safety technology and the reactor operation technology developments. The aim of the SO project includes (1) analyses and experiments that support establishing safety approaches and validating performance of specific safety features, (2) development and verification of computational tools and validation of models employed in safety assessment and facility licensing, and (3) acquisition of reactor operation technology, as determined largely from experience and testing in operating SFR plants. The tasks in the SO topics are categorized into the following three work packages (WP): WP-SO-1 "Methods, Models and codes" is devoted to the development of tools for the evaluation of safety, WP-SO-2 "Experimental Programs and Operational Experiences" includes the operation, maintenance and testing experiences in experimental facilities and SFRs (e.g., Monju, Phenix, BN-600 and CEFR), and WP-SO-3 "Studies of Innovative Design and Safety Systems" relates to safety technologies for GEN-IV reactors such as passive safety systems. In this paper, recent activities in the SO project are described. C1 [Sakai, Takaaki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ren, Lixia] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tsige-Tamirat, Haileyesus] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Petten, Netherlands. [Vasile, Alfredo] Commissariat Energie Atom & Energies Alternat CEA, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Kang, Seok-Hun] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Daejeon, South Korea. [Ashurko, Yury] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Fanning, Thomas] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sakai, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5002-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V002T06A021 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AU UT WOS:000387190600033 ER PT B AU Alfonsi, A Mesina, GL Zoino, A Rabiti, C AF Alfonsi, Andrea Mesina, George L. Zoino, Angelo Rabiti, Cristian GP ASME TI A FUEL CYCLE AND CORE DESIGN ANALYSIS METHOD FOR NEW CLADDING ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA USING PHISICS, RAVEN AND RELAP5-3D SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has considered revising the 10 CFR 50.46C rule [1] for analyzing reactor accident scenarios to take the effects of burn-up rate into account. Both maximum temperature and oxidation of the cladding must be cast as functions of fuel exposure in order to find limiting conditions, making safety margins dynamic limits that evolve with the operation and reloading of the reactor. In order to perform such new analysis in a reasonable computational time with good accuracy, INL (Idaho National Laboratory) has developed new multi-physics tools by combining existing codes and adding new capabilities. The PHISICS (Parallel Highly Innovative Simulation INL Code System) toolkit [2,3] for neutronic and reactor physics is coupled with RELAP5-3D [4] (Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program) for the LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) analysis and RAVEN [5] for the PRA (Probabilistic Risk Assessment) and margin characterization analysis. In order to perform this analysis, the sequence of RELAP5-3D input models had to get executed in a sequence of multiple input decks, each of them had to restart and slightly modify the previous model (in this case, on the neutronic side only) This new RELAP5-3D multi-deck processing capability has application to parameter studies and uncertainty quantification. The combined RAVEN/PHISICS/RELAP5-3D tool is used to analyze a typical PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor). C1 [Alfonsi, Andrea; Mesina, George L.; Rabiti, Cristian] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Zoino, Angelo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00135 Rome, Italy. RP Alfonsi, A (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5003-9 PY 2016 AR UNSP V003T09A085 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AW UT WOS:000387190700085 ER PT B AU Hawkes, GL Woolstenhulme, NE AF Hawkes, Grant L. Woolstenhulme, Nicolas E. GP ASME TI THERMAL ANALYSIS OF THE FSP-1 EXPERIMENT IN THE ADVANCED TEST REACTOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The U.S. High Performance Research Reactor Conversions fuel development team is focused on developing and qualifying the uranium-molybdenum (U-Mo) alloy monolithic fuel to support conversion of domestic research reactors to low enriched uranium. Several previous irradiations have demonstrated the favorable behavior of the monolithic fuel. The Full Scale Plate 1 (FSP-1) fuel plate experiment will be irradiated in the northeast (NE) flux trap of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). This fueled experiment contains six aluminum-clad fuel plates consisting of monolithic U-Mo fuel meat. Three different types of fuel plates with matching pairs for a total of six plates were analyzed. These three types of plates are: full burn, intermediate power, and thick meat. A thermal analysis has been performed on the FSP-1 experiment to be irradiated in the ATR at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). A thermal safety evaluation was performed to demonstrate that the FSP-1 irradiation experiment complies with the thermal-hydraulic safety requirements of the ATR Safety Analysis Report (SAR). The ATR SAR requires that minimum safety margins to critical heat flux and flow instability be met in the case of a loss of commercial power with primary coolant pump coast-down to emergency flow. The thermal safety evaluation was performed at 26 MW NE lobe power to encompass the expected range of operating power during a standard cycle. Additional safety evaluations of reactivity insertion events, loss of coolant event, and free convection cooling in the reactor and in the canal are used to determine the response of the experiment to these events and conditions. This paper reports and shows that each safety evaluation complies with each safety requirement of the ATR SAR. C1 [Hawkes, Grant L.; Woolstenhulme, Nicolas E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hawkes, GL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5003-9 PY 2016 AR UNSP V003T09A059 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AW UT WOS:000387190700059 ER PT B AU Mesina, GL Anderson, N AF Mesina, George L. Anderson, Nolan GP ASME TI ENHANCED VERIFICATION FOR RELAP5-3D PARAMETER AND SENSITIVITY STUDIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The RELAP5-3D(1) program solves a complex system of governing, closure and special process equations to model the underlying physics of nuclear power plants. For SQA (software quality assurance), the code must be verified and validated (V&V) to ensure proper performance before release to users. The physical models are validated against data from experiments and plants and verified against specifications for the computer code. In addition to physics, programs such as RELAP5-3D perform numerous other functions and processes that should also be checked to guarantee correct results. Functions include input, output, data management, and user interaction, while processes include restart, time-step backup, code coupling, and multi-case processing. Previous articles have covered the verification of the physical models, restart, and backup through extremely accurate and automated sequential verification applied on a comprehensive suite of test cases to ensure that code changes produced no unintended consequences. New developments have enabled the verification of multi-case and multi-deck processing. These features are frequently used in parameter and code sensitivity studies and therefore must be verified as working correctly. Both theory and application are presented. C1 [Mesina, George L.; Anderson, Nolan] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Mesina, GL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5003-9 PY 2016 AR UNSP V003T09A084 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AW UT WOS:000387190700084 ER PT B AU Kraus, AR Hu, R Lisowski, DD Bucknor, M AF Kraus, Adam R. Hu, Rui Lisowski, Darius D. Bucknor, Matthew GP ASME TI SIMULATION OF BUOYANCY-DRIVEN FLOW FOR VARIOUS POWER LEVELS AT THE NSTF SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc ID TURBULENT FREE-CONVECTION; CORRELATING EQUATIONS; LAMINAR AB The Reactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS) is an important passive safety system that is being incorporated in a number of high temperature reactor design concepts. The Natural convection Shutdown heat removal Test Facility (NSTF), located at Argonne National Laboratory, is an experiment with the objective of investigating the flow and thermal behavior of a particular air-cooled RCCS design. It consists of 12 ducts surrounded by a cavity with a heated wall, through which air flows via natural convection before exiting through two chimneys. The NSTF is a 1/2-scale facility, and is well instrumented in order to provide data for code validation, including Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-grade data in a number of locations. Instrumentation includes fiber-optic Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) throughout one of the riser ducts and in the upper plenum. In conjunction with the experimental tests, CFD simulations were performed to support the design and optimization of these natural convection systems. The CFD simulations were performed using the "as tested" geometry of the NSTF. All CFD simulations were steady-state. Both a full natural convection model and a smaller forced primary flow model were tested. The influence of boundary conditions, notably at the cavity walls, was tested. Initial simulations assumed adiabatic walls but these were later adapted to simulate heat losses, aided by thermal images taken of the exterior NSTF surfaces during testing. Simulations were run for tests at two different power levels. A number of turbulence models were compared to test their influence. Simulation results were compared with experimental data. Convergence was generally good for both models. It was found that the natural convection model was indeed beneficial for, correctly estimating local temperatures in a number of areas, particularly near the top of the riser ducts and from DTS measurements along the flow path. Flow in the heated cavity was complex. In general, the experimental trends were predicted well by CFD, although magnitudes could be improved in some areas. The turbulence models tested had a relatively small effect on the shape of the temperature profile in the ducts and on heated surface temperatures. Results from the simulations have been of direct use in improving test procedures and choosing locations for more accurate instrumentation. In future work, full natural convection simulations of more tests will be performed. After this has been completed, best practices can be established for accurately simulating these general types of natural convection systems across a wide range of operating conditions. C1 [Kraus, Adam R.; Hu, Rui; Lisowski, Darius D.; Bucknor, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Kraus, AR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5004-6 PY 2016 AR UNSP V004T10A022 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AY UT WOS:000387190900022 ER PT B AU Kucukboyaci, VN Sung, YX Xu, YB Cao, LP Salko, RK AF Kucukboyaci, Vefa N. Sung, Yixing Xu, Yiban Cao, Liping Salko, Robert K. GP ASME TI VERA-CS MODELING AND SIMULATION OF PWR MAIN STEAM LINE BREAK CORE RESPONSE TO DNB SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The Virtual Environment for Reactor Applications core simulator (VERA-CS) being developed by the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) includes coupled neutronics, thermal-hydraulics (T/H), and fuel temperature components with an isotopic depletion capability. The neutronics capability is based on the Michigan Parallel Characteristics Transport Code (MPACT), a three-dimensional whole-core transport code. The T/H and fuel temperature models are provided by the COBRA-TF (CTF) subchannel code. As part of the CASL development program, the VERA-CS (MPACT/CTF) code system was applied to model and simulate reactor core response with respect to the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) ratio at the most limiting point of a postulated pressurized water reactor main steam line break event initiated at the hot zero power, either with offsite power available and the reactor coolant pumps in operation (high-flow case) or without offsite power, where the reactor core is cooled through natural circulation (low-flow case). The VERA-CS simulation was based on core boundary conditions from the RETRAN-02 system transient calculations and STAR-CCM+ computational fluid dynamics (CFD) core inlet distribution calculations. The evaluation indicated that the VERA-CS code system is capable of modeling and simulating quasi-steady-state reactor core response under the main steam line break accident condition, the results are insensitive to uncertainties in the inlet flow distributions from the CFD simulations, and the high-flow case is more DNB limiting than the low-flow case. C1 [Kucukboyaci, Vefa N.; Sung, Yixing; Xu, Yiban; Cao, Liping] Westinghouse Elect Co, Cranberry Township, PA 16066 USA. [Salko, Robert K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Kucukboyaci, VN (reprint author), Westinghouse Elect Co, Cranberry Township, PA 16066 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5004-6 PY 2016 AR UNSP V004T10A026 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AY UT WOS:000387190900026 ER PT B AU Ramuhalli, P Veeramany, A Bonebrake, CA Ivans, WJ Coles, GA Hirt, EH AF Ramuhalli, Pradeep Veeramany, Arun Bonebrake, Christopher A. Ivans, William J., Jr. Coles, Garill A. Hirt, Evelyn H. GP ASME TI EVALUATION OF ENHANCED RISK MONITORS FOR USE ON ADVANCED REACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc ID NUCLEAR-POWER INDUSTRY; RELIABILITY AB This study provides an overview of the methodology for integrating time-dependent failure probabilities into nuclear power reactor risk monitors. This prototypic enhanced risk monitor methodology was evaluated using a hypothetical probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) model, generated using a simplified design of a liquid-metal-cooled advanced reactor (AdvRx). Component failure data from industry compilation of failures of components similar to those in the simplified AR model were used to initialize the PRA model. Core damage frequency (CDF) over time were computed and analyzed. In addition, a study on alternative risk metrics for AdvRx was conducted. Risk metrics that quantify the normalized cost of repairs, replacements, or other operations and management (O&M) actions were defined and used, along with an economic model, to compute the likely economic risk of future actions such as deferred maintenance based on the anticipated change in CDF due to current component condition and future anticipated degradation. Such integration of conventional-risk metrics with alternate-risk metrics provides a convenient mechanism for assessing the impact of O&M decisions on safety and economics of the plant. It is expected that, when integrated with supervisory control algorithms, such integrated risk monitors will provide a mechanism for real-time control decision-making that ensure safety margins are maintained while operating the plant in an economically viable manner. C1 [Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Veeramany, Arun; Bonebrake, Christopher A.; Ivans, William J., Jr.; Coles, Garill A.; Hirt, Evelyn H.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Ramuhalli, P (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5004-6 PY 2016 AR UNSP V004T14A003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AY UT WOS:000387190900077 ER PT B AU Brockmeyer, L Carasik, L Merzari, E Hassan, Y AF Brockmeyer, Landon Carasik, Lane Merzari, Elia Hassan, Yassin GP ASME TI CFD INVESTIGATION OF WIRE-WRAPPED FUEL ROD BUNDLE INNER SUBCHANNEL BEHAVIOR AND DEPENDENCY ON BUNDLE SIZE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc ID SIMULATION AB Sodium fast reactor designs often implement a hexagonal array of fuel rods with wire-wrappers to encourage the exchange of coolant between subchannels. The ability to accurately predict inter-subchannel mixing can be used as a metric for turbulence model performance in capturing wire-wrapped fuel rod bundle flow behavior. In this study inter-subchannel mixing predictions by Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models are compared. The results indicate that the lower order BANS approach is capable of predicting inter-subchannel mixing inside a 19 rod bundle with acceptable accuracy. The RANS model was extended to 37, 61, and 91 rod bundles to observe the effects of bundle size on inter-subchannel exchange for the center-most subchannels. Transverse velocity magnitude and mass exchange were observed to increase with larger bundle sizes. Inter-subchannel mixing is observed to be a strong function of bundle size for bundles up to 91 rods. The results indicate that the inner subchannels of larger bundles may converge upon a characteristic flow pattern. The 91 rod bundle is not large enough to isolate the inner subchannels from shroud effect, and larger bundles will need to be investigated. C1 [Brockmeyer, Landon; Carasik, Lane; Hassan, Yassin] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Merzari, Elia] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL USA. RP Brockmeyer, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5005-3 PY 2016 AR UNSP V005T15A062 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AZ UT WOS:000387191000062 ER PT B AU Fick, LH Merzari, E Hassan, YA AF Fick, Lambert H. Merzari, Elia Hassan, Yassin A. GP ASME TI CALCULATION OF TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY BUDGETS FOR FLOW THROUGH A PEBBLE BED USING DNS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc ID SIMULATION AB Pebble bed high temperature reactors (PBR) are currently being investigated as a potential successor for light water reactor based designs in the future. Past analyses of flows through PBR cores using-Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approaches have had limited success. Due to a lack of available high fidelity experimental or computational data, optimization of RANS closure models for these geometries has not been extensively done. In the present study, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is employed to develop a high fidelity data set which may be used for the optimization of RANS closure models for pebble bed flows. Calculated parameters include turbulence statistics, as well as values for the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms. A well documented, single face centered cubic domain with periodic boundaries was used. Flow was simulated at a Reynolds number of 9308. Tests were conducted to ensure sufficient spatial and temporal resolution for conforming to the requirements for DNS. A selection of the generated statistics and TKE budget terms is presented here. C1 [Fick, Lambert H.; Hassan, Yassin A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Merzari, Elia] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Fick, LH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Lambert.Fick@tamu.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5005-3 PY 2016 AR UNSP V005T15A058 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AZ UT WOS:000387191000058 ER PT B AU Garai, A Diosady, LT Murman, SM Madavan, NK AF Garai, Anirban Diosady, Laslo T. Murman, Scott M. Madavan, Nateri K. GP ASME TI DNS OF LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE CASCADE FLOWS WITH ELEVATED INFLOW TURBULENCE USING A DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN SPECTRAL-ELEMENT METHOD SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2016, VOL 2C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition CY JUN 13-17, 2016 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP Int Gas Turbine Inst ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; NAVIER-STOKES; FORMULATION; EQUATIONS; MODEL AB Recent progress towards developing a new computational capability for accurate and efficient high-fidelity direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbo-machinery is described. This capability is based on an entropy stable Discontinuous Galerkin spectral-element approach that extends to arbitrarily high orders of spatial and temporal accuracy, and is implemented in a computationally efficient manner on a modern high performance computer architecture. An inflow turbulence generation procedure based on a linear forcing approach has been incorporated in this framework and DNS conducted to study the effect of inflow turbulence on the suction-side separation bubble in low pressure turbine (LPT) cascades. The T106 series of airfoil cascades in both lightly (T106A) and highly loaded (T106C) configurations at exit isentropic Reynolds numbers of 60,000 and 80,000, respectively, are considered. The numerical simulations are performed using 8th order accurate spatial and 4th order accurate temporal discretizations. The changes in separation bubble topology due to elevated inflow turbulence are captured by the present method and the physical mechanisms leading to the changes are explained. The present results are in good agreement with prior numerical simulations but some expected discrepancies with the experimental data for the T106C case are noted and discussed. C1 [Garai, Anirban] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Diosady, Laslo T.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Sci & Technol Corp, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Murman, Scott M.; Madavan, Nateri K.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Garai, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4971-2 PY 2016 AR UNSP V02CT39A025 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BG2FA UT WOS:000387297500025 ER PT S AU Rohe, DP AF Rohe, Daniel P. BE DeClerck, J Epp, DS TI Modal Testing of a Nose Cone Using Three-Dimensional Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry SO ROTATING MACHINERY, HYBRID TEST METHODS, VIBRO-ACOUSTICS AND LASER VIBROMETRY, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE 3D; SLDV; Alignment; Incidence; Modal AB The Structural Dynamics department at Sandia National Laboratories has acquired a 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer system for making vibration and modal test measurements. This paper presents the results of testing performed to examine the capabilities and limitations of that system. The test article under consideration was a conical part with two different surface materials which allowed the examination of the effect of angle of incidence and surface reflectivity on the measurement. The system was operated in both 1D and 3D modes, and the results from the 1D scan were compared to a scan performed with a previous generation system to evaluate the improvements between the generations. Data from the laser systems were exported to standard curve fitting software, and modes were fit to the data. C1 [Rohe, Daniel P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Xray NDE Dept, POB 5800-MS0557, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rohe, DP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Xray NDE Dept, POB 5800-MS0557, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dprohe@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-30084-9; 978-3-319-30083-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_5 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG2KR UT WOS:000387431500005 ER PT S AU Stevens, GN Van Buren, KL Flynn, EB Atamturktur, S Lee, JR AF Stevens, Garrison N. Van Buren, Kendra L. Flynn, Eric B. Atamturktur, Sez Lee, Jung-Ryul BE DeClerck, J Epp, DS TI Stochastic Wavenumber Estimation: Damage Detection Through Simulated Guided Lamb Waves SO ROTATING MACHINERY, HYBRID TEST METHODS, VIBRO-ACOUSTICS AND LASER VIBROMETRY, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Bayesian inference; Inverse analysis; Model calibration; Non-destructive testing; Ultrasonic guided waves ID GAUSSIAN PROCESS EMULATORS; COMPUTER-MODELS; UNCERTAINTY; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION AB Acoustic Wavenumber Spectroscopy (AWS) is a technique for nondestructive testing and evaluation capable of identifying local damage in thin plates through the estimation of the characteristic wavenumber of propagating elastic waves. Current state of the art in AWS estimates wavenumber based on the maximum data fit of the wavenumber dispersion curve and derives thickness deterministically through the Lamb wave equations. Successful determination of thickness from the measurements through inverse analysis is dependent upon two aspects: uncertainties regarding material properties of the system (parametric uncertainty) and uncertainties regarding data collected in the field under less than ideal conditions (experimental uncertainty). Thus, the deterministic approach may lead to large false positives in the presence of parametric and experimental uncertainties. The focus of this paper is to develop a stochastic approach for inferring thickness from the measurements in which both parametric and experimental uncertainties are accounted for. Herein, parametric uncertainty is managed by calibrating material-dependent properties using wavenumber measurements. Experimental uncertainty is controlled through incorporation of expert judgment by means of an elicited prior uncertainty of thickness. The technological advancement produced in this study is demonstrated on a case study application of an aluminum plate with imposed thinning. C1 [Stevens, Garrison N.; Atamturktur, Sez] Clemson Univ, Glenn Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Van Buren, Kendra L.; Flynn, Eric B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lee, Jung-Ryul] KAIST Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Daejeon, South Korea. RP Van Buren, KL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klvan@lanl.gov OI Flynn, Eric/0000-0003-0965-7052; Van Buren, Kendra/0000-0002-0495-2354 NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-30084-9; 978-3-319-30083-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 105 EP 126 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_10 PG 22 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG2KR UT WOS:000387431500010 ER PT S AU Schultz, R Walsh, T AF Schultz, Ryan Walsh, Tim BE DeClerck, J Epp, DS TI Evaluation of Microphone Density for Finite Element Source Inversion Simulation of a Laboratory Acoustic Test SO ROTATING MACHINERY, HYBRID TEST METHODS, VIBRO-ACOUSTICS AND LASER VIBROMETRY, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Acoustics; Direct field acoustic test; Source inversion; Acoustic finite element; Modal assurance criterion AB Simulation of the response of a system to an acoustic environment is desirable in the assessment of aerospace structures in flight-like environments. In simulating a laboratory acoustic test a large challenge is modeling the as-tested acoustic field. Acoustic source inversion capabilities in Sandia's Sierra/SD structural dynamics code have allowed for the determination of an acoustic field based on measured microphone responses-given measured pressures, source inversion optimization algorithms determine the input parameters of a set of acoustic sources defined in an acoustic finite element model. Inherently, the resulting acoustic field is dependent on the target microphone data. If there are insufficient target points, then the as-tested field may not be recreated properly. Here, the question of number of microphones is studied using synthetic data, that is, target data taken from a previous simulation which allows for comparison of the full pressure field-an important benefit not available with test data. By exploring a range of target points distributed throughout the domain, a rate of convergence to the true field can be observed. Results will be compared with the goal of developing guidelines for the number of sensors required to aid in the design of future laboratory acoustic tests to be used for model assessment. C1 [Schultz, Ryan] Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Walsh, Tim] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Solid Mech & Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800 MS0840, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schultz, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Analyt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rschult@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-30084-9; 978-3-319-30083-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_22 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG2KR UT WOS:000387431500022 ER PT S AU Sehloff, D Shurtleff, C Pribe, J Haynes, C Heit, J AF Sehloff, David Shurtleff, Clark Pribe, Josh Haynes, Colin Heit, John BE DeClerck, J Epp, DS TI Enhanced Spin-Down Diagnostics for Nondestructive Evaluation of High-Value Systems SO ROTATING MACHINERY, HYBRID TEST METHODS, VIBRO-ACOUSTICS AND LASER VIBROMETRY, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Spin-down testing; Rotating system; Nondestructive evaluation; Acoustic emissions sensing; Linear predictive coding ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; SENSOR AB The nature of some high-value systems requires that damage be detected without disassembly of the test article. Spin-down testing, one such nondestructive evaluation method, involves spinning a test article and observing its angular deceleration. An increase in angular deceleration compared to an identical test of a healthy system indicates damage has occurred. However, current testing is limited, providing only a binary result of "damaged" or "undamaged". More sophisticated techniques are required to identify the location, extent, and type of damage. To achieve this, non-contact and surface-mounted sensors were used to monitor the test article in this experiment. A spin-down unit was used to test both a healthy specimen and a specimen with simulated damage. The signals from each sensor were compared across tests. Correlation of anomalous signals with rotational position and multi-sensor triangulation techniques were used to localize damage. Analysis of the frequency content and amplitude of output signals allowed for a degree of characterization of the damage. Through these techniques, spin-down testing was enhanced from a binary detector to a more thorough testing method giving detailed information about the type and location of damage. C1 [Sehloff, David] Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Syst Engn, St Louis, MO USA. [Shurtleff, Clark] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Pribe, Josh] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO USA. [Haynes, Colin; Heit, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Haynes, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Engn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM cmhaynes@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-30084-9; 978-3-319-30083-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_24 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG2KR UT WOS:000387431500024 ER PT S AU Stasiunas, EC Schultz, RA Ross, MR AF Stasiunas, Eric C. Schultz, Ryan A. Ross, Mike R. BE DeClerck, J Epp, DS TI Performing Direct-Field Acoustic Test Environments on a Sandia Flight System to Provide Data for Finite Element Simulation SO ROTATING MACHINERY, HYBRID TEST METHODS, VIBRO-ACOUSTICS AND LASER VIBROMETRY, VOL 8 SE Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th IMAC Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics CY JAN 25-28, 2016 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Experimental Mech DE Direct-field acoustic testing (DFAT); Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) control; Model validation; Uniform/gradient field; Acoustic finite element modeling AB Aero-acoustic loading has been established as the primary source of excitation for a Flight System at Sandia National Laboratories. However, flight data of this system does not exist, limiting estimations of system or component response in this environment. Therefore, an experimental acoustic simulation was performed on a heavily-instrumented Flight System, using the direct-field acoustic test (DFAT) method with a multi-input multi-output ( MIMO) control system. The combination of DFAT and MIMO resulted in attaining uniform and gradient acoustic fields as high as 127 dB OASPL. This paper will discuss the design of the test, the speaker and controller configurations, and the test results of this unique test method. Additionally, an overview of the method used to apply the measured test data to the pressure-loading finite element simulations of the Flight System will be discussed as well. C1 [Stasiunas, Eric C.; Schultz, Ryan A.; Ross, Mike R.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stasiunas, EC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ecstasi@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2191-5644 BN 978-3-319-30084-9; 978-3-319-30083-2 J9 C PROC SOC EXP MECH PY 2016 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-30084-9_25 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BG2KR UT WOS:000387431500025 ER PT J AU Chouyyok, W Bays, JT Gerasimenko, AA Cinson, AD Ewing, RG Atkinson, DA Addleman, RS AF Chouyyok, Wilaiwan Bays, J. Timothy Gerasimenko, Aleksandr A. Cinson, Anthony D. Ewing, Robert G. Atkinson, David A. Addleman, R. Shane TI Improved explosive collection and detection with rationally assembled surface sampling materials SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACTIVATED CARBON; SILICA NANOPARTICLES; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; THERMAL-DESORPTION; TRACE EXPLOSIVES; TNT; ADSORPTION; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE AB Sampling and detection of trace explosives are critical steps in the analytical process necessary for modern transportation safety. In this work we have explored some of the fundamental aspects that influence collection and detection of trace levels of explosive residues from surfaces. We compared the analyte-release performance of standard muslin sampling swipes to that of rationally assembled fiberglass cloth, and used thermal-desorption ion mobility spectroscopy for detection. This collection-detection system is widely used for analyzing the trace chemical residues. The fiberglass cloth was chemically modified by covalently bonding phenyl-functional groups to the surface. The rationally assembled sampling materials provide significantly performance improvements over standard muslin sampling materials for detection of TNT, NG, RDX, TATP, and PETN. The phenyl-functionalized fiberglass swipes showed over 10 times greater TNT release, compared to muslin sampling swipes, as well as improved response and repeatability after multiple uses of the same swipe. The improved TNT release from the functionalized-fiberglass swipes resulted in significantly improved detection limits over muslin. To better understand the improvement offered by the phenyl-functionalized fiberglass, several commercially available fiberglass materials, each offering specific characteristics, were also compared, allowing several physical and chemical properties to be systematically explored to determine their influence on performance. These results are relevant to improving the detection of other explosive compounds, and potentially to a wider range of chemical sampling from surfaces. C1 [Chouyyok, Wilaiwan; Bays, J. Timothy; Gerasimenko, Aleksandr A.; Cinson, Anthony D.; Ewing, Robert G.; Atkinson, David A.; Addleman, R. Shane] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM raymond.addleman@pnnl.gov FU DOE [DE AC06-76RLO 1830]; PNNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) FX This work was performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL), which is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE AC06-76RLO 1830. We wish to acknowledge and thank Joe Davidson, Jackie Roberts, Melanie Waltman and Glen Fryxell for helpful conversations and input. This work was partially supported by the PNNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD). NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 97 BP 94476 EP 94485 DI 10.1039/c6ra20157a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DZ1WM UT WOS:000385632400020 ER PT J AU Neuefeind, J Skov, AL Daniels, JE Honkimaki, V Jakobsen, B Oddershede, J Poulsen, HF AF Neuefeind, J. Skov, A. L. Daniels, J. E. Honkimaki, V. Jakobsen, B. Oddershede, J. Poulsen, H. F. TI A multiple length scale description of the mechanism of elastomer stretching SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID SOFT POLYMERIC NETWORKS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; RUBBER; DEFORMATION; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); ORIENTATION; SCATTERING; MELTS AB Conventionally, the stretching of rubber is modeled exclusively by rotations of segments of the embedded polymer chains; i.e. changes in entropy. However models have not been tested on all relevant length scales due to a lack of appropriate probes. Here we present a universal X-ray based method for providing data on the structure of rubbers in the 2-50 angstrom range. First results relate to the elongation of a silicone rubber. We identify several non-entropic contributions to the free energy and describe the associated structural changes. By far the largest contribution comes from structural changes within the individual monomers, but among the contributions is also an elastic strain, acting between chains, which is 3-4 orders of magnitude smaller than the macroscopic strain, and of the opposite sign, i.e. extension of polymer chains in the direction perpendicular to the stretch. This may be due to trapped entanglements relaxing to positions close to the covalent crosslinks. C1 [Neuefeind, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Skov, A. L.] DTU Chem Engn, Danish Polymer Ctr, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Daniels, J. E.] UNSW Australia, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. [Daniels, J. E.; Honkimaki, V.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Jakobsen, B.] Roskilde Univ, Dept Sci, Glass & Time, POB 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Oddershede, J.; Poulsen, H. F.] DTU Phys, Neutrons & Xrays Mat Phys, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Skov, AL (reprint author), DTU Chem Engn, Danish Polymer Ctr, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM al@kt.dtu.dk RI Skov, Anne /A-1614-2013; Oddershede, Jette/A-3816-2013; Daniels, John/C-7497-2011 OI Skov, Anne /0000-0003-1223-6638; Oddershede, Jette/0000-0003-2319-7419; FU Scientific User Facilities Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy Office of Science; Danish National Research Foundation; Danish Natural Science Research Council; UT-Battelle , LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy; Department of Energy FX Part of this work was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy Office of Science. Other parts were supported by the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Natural Science Research Council. We acknowledge experimental help by A. G. Bejenariu and R. Godiksen and discussions with P. Sommer-Larsen, K. Mortensen, N. Hansen, D. Juul Jensen and V. Urban. ESRF is acknowledged for provision of beamtime. For loan and assistance using the load cell we thank G. Portale. The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation is acknowledged for travel support via DANSCATT. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 98 BP 95910 EP 95919 DI 10.1039/c6ra22802j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA DZ1WT UT WOS:000385633100065 ER PT J AU Feenstra, AD O'Neill, KC Yagnik, GB Lee, YJ AF Feenstra, Adam D. O'Neill, Kelly C. Yagnik, Gargey B. Lee, Young Jin TI Organic-inorganic binary mixture matrix for comprehensive laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometric analysis and imaging of medium-size molecules including phospholipids, glycerolipids, and oligosaccharides SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID MALDI-TOF MS; TISSUE-SECTIONS; NANOPARTICLES; PEPTIDES; LIPIDS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; IDENTIFICATION; COMBINATION; SUPPRESSION; TOF/TOF AB Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a widely adopted, versatile technique, especially in high-throughput analysis and imaging. However, matrix-dependent selectivity of analytes is often a severe limitation. In this work, a mixture of organic 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and inorganic Fe3O4 nanoparticles is developed as a binary MALDI matrix to alleviate the well-known issue of triacylglycerol (TG) ion suppression by phosphatidylcholine (PC). In application to lipid standards and maize seed cross-sections, the binary matrix not only dramatically reduced the ion suppression of TG, but also efficiently desorbed and ionized a wide variety of lipids such as cationic PC, anionic phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), and neutral digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). The binary matrix was also very efficient for large polysaccharides, which were not detected by either of the individual matrices. The usefulness of the binary matrix is demonstrated in MS imaging of maize seed sections, successfully visualizing diverse medium-size molecules and acquiring high-quality MS/MS spectra for these compounds. C1 [Feenstra, Adam D.; O'Neill, Kelly C.; Yagnik, Gargey B.; Lee, Young Jin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Feenstra, Adam D.; Yagnik, Gargey B.; Lee, Young Jin] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA.; Lee, YJ (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM yjlee@iastate.edu FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences; DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. The Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University under DOE Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 101 BP 99260 EP 99268 DI 10.1039/c6ra20469d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB5PF UT WOS:000387427800084 ER PT S AU Bertin, A Nogales, E AF Bertin, A. Nogales, E. BE Gladfelter, AS TI Preparing recombinant yeast septins and their analysis by electron microscopy SO SEPTINS SE Methods in Cell Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID DIFFUSION BARRIER; BINDING PROTEIN; F-ACTIN; CYTOSKELETON; COMPLEXES; MECHANISM; FILAMENTS; DISEASE AB Septins are highly conserved and essential eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins that interact with the inner plasma membrane. They are involved in essential functions requiring cell membrane remodeling and compartmentalization, such as cell division and dendrite morphogenesis, and have been implicated in numerous diseases. Depending on the organisms and on the type of tissue, a specific set of septins genes are expressed, ranging from 2 to 13. Septins self-assemble into linear, symmetric rods that can further organize into linear filaments several microns in length. Only a subset of human septins has been described at high resolution by X-ray crystallography (Sirajuddin et al., 2007). Electron microscopy (EM) has proven to be a method of choice for analyzing the molecular organization of septins. It is possible to localize each septin subunit within the rod complex using genetic tags, such as maltose-binding protein or green fluorescent protein, to generate a visible label of a specific septin subunit in EM images that are processed using single-particle EM methodology. In this chapter we present, in detail, the methods that we have used to analyze the molecular organization of budding yeast septins (Bertin et al., 2008). These methods include purification of septin complexes, sample preparation for EM, and image processing procedures. Such methods can be generalized to analyze the organization of septins from any organism. C1 [Bertin, A.] PSL Res Univ, Paris, France. [Bertin, A.] Univ Paris 04, Paris, France. [Nogales, E.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD USA. [Nogales, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Nogales, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertin, A (reprint author), PSL Res Univ, Paris, France.; Bertin, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 04, Paris, France. EM Aurelie.Bertin@curie.fr FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM101314] NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-679X BN 978-0-12-804029-4; 978-0-12-803998-4 J9 METHOD CELL BIOL JI Methods Cell Biol. PY 2016 VL 136 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.03.010 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA BF6UF UT WOS:000383711700003 PM 27473901 ER PT J AU Kalchev, DZ Lee, CS Villa, U Efendiev, Y Vassilevski, PS AF Kalchev, D. Z. Lee, C. S. Villa, U. Efendiev, Y. Vassilevski, P. S. TI UPSCALING OF MIXED FINITE ELEMENT DISCRETIZATION PROBLEMS BY THE SPECTRAL AMGe METHOD SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE element agglomeration; algebraic multigrid; spectral AMGe; upscaling; mixed finite elements ID DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION PRECONDITIONERS; HIGH-CONTRAST MEDIA; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; COARSE SPACES; MULTISCALE FLOWS; POROUS-MEDIA; AGGLOMERATION; SIMULATION AB We propose two multilevel spectral techniques for constructing coarse discretization spaces for saddle-point problems corresponding to PDEs involving a divergence constraint, with a focus on mixed finite element discretizations of scalar self-adjoint second order elliptic equations on general unstructured grids. We use element agglomeration algebraic multigrid (AMGe), which employs coarse elements that can have nonstandard shape since they are agglomerates of fine-grid elements. The coarse basis associated with each agglomerated coarse element is constructed by solving local eigenvalue problems and local mixed finite element problems. This construction leads to stable upscaled coarse spaces and guarantees the inf-sup compatibility of the upscaled discretization. Also, the approximation properties of these upscaled spaces improve by adding more local eigenfunctions to the coarse spaces. The higher accuracy comes at the cost of additional computational effort, as the sparsity of the resulting upscaled coarse discretization (referred to as operator complexity) deteriorates when we introduce additional functions in the coarse space. We also provide an efficient solver for the coarse (upscaled) saddle-point system by employing hybridization, which leads to a symmetric positive definite (s.p.d.) reduced system for the Lagrange multipliers, and to solve the latter s.p.d. system, we use our previously developed spectral AMGe solver. Numerical experiments, in both two and three dimensions, are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed upscaling technique. C1 [Kalchev, D. Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lee, C. S.; Efendiev, Y.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Villa, U.; Vassilevski, P. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kalchev, DZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM delyan.kalchev@colorado.edu; cslee@math.tamu.edu; villa13@llnl.gov; efendiev@math.tamu.edu; panayot@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, performed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP A2912 EP A2933 DI 10.1137/15M1036683 PG 22 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700061 ER PT J AU Parsani, M Carpenter, MH Fisher, TC Nielsen, EJ AF Parsani, Matteo Carpenter, Mark H. Fisher, Travis C. Nielsen, Eric J. TI ENTROPY STABLE STAGGERED GRID DISCONTINUOUS SPECTRAL COLLOCATION METHODS OF ANY ORDER FOR THE COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE high-order accurate discontinuous methods; entropy stability; SBP-SAT; compressible Navier-Stokes; staggered grid; conservation ID NONLINEAR CONSERVATION-LAWS; FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEMES; WALL BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; GALERKIN METHOD; ELEMENT METHODS; FLOWS; APPROXIMATIONS; QUADRATURE; SYSTEMS; VORTEX AB Staggered grid, entropy stable discontinuous spectral collocation operators of any order are developed for the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured hexahedral elements. This generalization of previous entropy stable spectral collocation work [M. H. Carpenter, T. C. Fisher, E. J. Nielsen, and S. H. Frankel, SIAM T. Sci. Comput., 36 (2014), pp. B835-B867, M. Parsani, M. H. Carpenter, and E. J. Nielsen, T. Comput. Phys., 292 (2015), pp. 88-113], extends the applicable set of points from tensor product, Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL), to a combination of tensor product Legendre-Gauss (LG) and LGL points. The new semidiscrete operators discretely conserve mass, momentum, energy, and satisfy a mathematical entropy inequality for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in three spatial dimensions. They are valid for smooth as well as discontinuous flows. The staggered LG and conventional LGL point formulations are compared on several challenging test problems. The staggered LG operators are significantly more accurate, although more costly from a theoretical point of view. The LG and LGL operators exhibit similar robustness, as is demonstrated using test problems known to be problematic for operators that lack a nonlinear stability proof for the compressible Navier Stokes equations (e.g., discontinuous Galerkin, spectral difference, or flux reconstruction operators). C1 [Parsani, Matteo] KAUST, ECRC, CEMSE, AMCS, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. [Carpenter, Mark H.] NASA Langley Res Ctr LaRC, Computat AeroSci Branch CASB, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Fisher, Travis C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Thermal & Fluid Mech, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nielsen, Eric J.] NASA LaRC, CASB, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Parsani, M (reprint author), KAUST, ECRC, CEMSE, AMCS, Thuwal 239556900, Saudi Arabia. EM matteo.parsani@kaust.edu.sa; mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov; tcfishe@sandia.gov; eric.j.nielsen@nasa.gov FU King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia FX This work was partially supported by King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP A3129 EP A3162 DI 10.1137/15M1043510 PG 34 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700069 ER PT J AU Tuminaro, R Perego, M Tezaur, I Salinger, A Price, S AF Tuminaro, R. Perego, M. Tezaur, I. Salinger, A. Price, S. TI A MATRIX DEPENDENT/ALGEBRAIC MULTIGRID APPROACH FOR EXTRUDED MESHES WITH APPLICATIONS TO ICE SHEET MODELING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE ice sheets; iterative solvers; algebraic method ID SCALE SIMULATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; HIGHER-ORDER; SOLVER; FLOW; ALBANY/FELIX; COEFFICIENTS; ALGORITHMS; GREENLAND; EQUATIONS AB A multigrid method is proposed that combines ideas from matrix dependent multigrid for structured grids and algebraic multigrid for unstructured grids. It targets problems where a three-dimensional mesh can be viewed as an extrusion of a two-dimensional, unstructured mesh in a third dimension. Our motivation comes from the modeling of thin structures via finite elements and, more specifically, the modeling of ice sheets. Extruded meshes are relatively common for thin structures and often give rise to anisotropic problems when the thin direction mesh spacing is much smaller than the broad direction mesh spacing. Within our approach, the first few multigrid hierarchy levels are obtained by applying matrix dependent multigrid to semicoarsen in a structured thin direction fashion. After sufficient structured coarsening, the resulting mesh contains only a single layer corresponding to a two-dimensional, unstructured mesh. Algebraic multigrid can then be employed in a standard manner to create further coarse levels, as the anisotropic phenomena is no longer present in the single layer problem. The overall approach remains fully algebraic, with the minor exception that some additional information is needed to determine the extruded direction. This facilitates integration of the solver with a variety of different extruded mesh applications. C1 [Tuminaro, R.; Perego, M.; Tezaur, I.; Salinger, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Price, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tuminaro, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rstumin@sandia.gov; mperego@sandia.gov; ikalash@sandia.gov; agsalin@sandia.gov; sprice@lanl.gov FU Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program FX Support was provided by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and Biological and Environmental Research. Support was also provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Applied Mathematics program. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP C504 EP C532 DI 10.1137/15M1040839 PG 29 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700027 ER PT J AU Bennettt, JC Bhagatwala, A Chen, JH Pinar, A Salloum, M Seshadhri, C AF Bennettt, Janine C. Bhagatwala, Ankit Chen, Jacqueline H. Pinar, Ali Salloum, Maher Seshadhri, C. TI TRIGGER DETECTION FOR ADAPTIVE SCIENTIFIC WORKFLOWS USING PERCENTILE SAMPLING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sublinear algorithms; quantile sampling; in situ data analysis; chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA); S3D; adaptive workflow; judicious I/O ID EXPLOSIVE MODE ANALYSIS; SIMULATIONS; COMBUSTION; GRAPHS AB The increasing complexity of both scientific simulations and high-performance computing system architectures are driving the need for adaptive workflows, in which the composition and execution of computational and data manipulation steps dynamically depend on the evolutionary state of the simulation itself. Consider, for example, the frequency of data storage. Critical phases of the simulation should be captured with high frequency and with high fidelity for postanalysis; however, we cannot afford to retain the same frequency for the full simulation due to the high cost of data movement. We can instead look for triggers, indicators that the simulation will be entering a critical phase, and adapt the workflow accordingly. In this paper, we present a methodology for detecting triggers and demonstrate its use in the context of direct numerical simulations of turbulent combustion using S3D. We show that chemical explosive mode analysis (CEMA) can be used to devise a noise-tolerant indicator for rapid increase in heat release. However, exhaustive computation of CEMA values dominates the total simulation, and thus is prohibitively expensive. To overcome this computational bottleneck, we propose a quantile sampling approach. Our sampling-based algorithm comes with provable error/confidence bounds, as a function of the number of samples. Most importantly, the number of samples is independent of the problem size, and thus our proposed sampling algorithm offers perfect scalability. Our experiments on homogeneous charge compression ignition and reactivity controlled compression ignition simulations show that the proposed method can detect rapid increases in heat release, and its computational overhead is negligible. Our results will be used to make dynamic workflow decisions regarding data storage and mesh resolution in future combustion simulations. C1 [Bennettt, Janine C.; Chen, Jacqueline H.; Pinar, Ali; Salloum, Maher] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bhagatwala, Ankit] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seshadhri, C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Bennettt, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jcbenne@sandia.gov; abhagatwala@lbl.gov; jhcehn@sandia.gov; apinar@sandia.gov; mnsallo@sandia.gov; scomandu@ucsc.edu FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Sandia National Laboratories and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR). Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S240 EP S263 DI 10.1137/15M1027942 PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700014 ER PT J AU Bienz, A Falgout, RD Gropp, W Olson, LN Schroder, JB AF Bienz, Amanda Falgout, Robert D. Gropp, William Olson, Luke N. Schroder, Jacob B. TI REDUCING PARALLEL COMMUNICATION IN ALGEBRAIC MULTIGRID THROUGH SPARSIFICATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE multigrid; algebraic multigrid; non-Galerkin multigrid; high performance computing ID GRAPH SPARSIFICATION; INTERPOLATION AB Algebraic multigrid (AMG) is an O(n) solution process for many large sparse linear systems. A hierarchy of progressively coarser grids which utilize complementary relaxation and interpolation operators is constructed. High-energy error is reduced by relaxation, while low-energy error is mapped to coarse-grid matrices and reduced there. However, large parallel communication costs often limit parallel scalability. As the multigrid hierarchy is formed, each coarse matrix is formed through a triple matrix product. The resulting coarse grids often have significantly more nonzeros per row than the original fine-grid operator, thereby generating high parallel communication costs associated with sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) on coarse levels. In this paper, we introduce a method that systematically removes entries in coarse-grid matrices after the hierarchy is formed, leading to improved communication costs. We sparsify by removing weakly connected or unimportant entries in the matrix, leading to improved solve time. The main trade-off is that if the heuristic identifying unimportant entries is used too aggressively, then AMG convergence can suffer. To counteract this, the original hierarchy is retained, allowing entries to be reintroduced into the solver hierarchy if convergence is too slow. This enables a balance between communication cost and convergence, as necessary. In this paper we present new algorithms for reducing communication and present a number of computational experiments in support. C1 [Bienz, Amanda; Gropp, William; Olson, Luke N.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Falgout, Robert D.; Schroder, Jacob B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bienz, A (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bienz2@illinois.edu; rfalgout@llnl.gov; wgropp@illinois.edu; lukeo@illinois.edu; schroder2@llnl.gov FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144245]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0478]; National Science Foundation [OCI-0725070, ACI-1238993]; state of Illinois; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-673388)] FX This work is partially supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship award DGE-1144245 and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-12-1-0478. This research is also part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards OCI-0725070 and ACI-1238993) and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-673388). NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S332 EP S357 DI 10.1137/15M1026341 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700018 ER PT J AU Chen, YX Keyes, D Law, KJH Ltaief, H AF Chen, Yuxin Keyes, David Law, Kody J. H. Ltaief, Hatem TI ACCELERATED DIMENSION-INDEPENDENT ADAPTIVE METROPOLIS SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Markov chain Monte Carlo; big data; Bayesian inference; adaptive Metropolis; Metropolis-Hastings; BLAS; GPU acceleration; high performance computing ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; HASTINGS ALGORITHMS; INVERSE PROBLEMS; DIFFUSION LIMITS; SAMPLING METHODS; MARKOV-CHAINS; MCMC METHODS; CONVERGENCE; COMPUTATION; ERGODICITY AB This work describes improvements by algorithmic and architectural means to blackbox Bayesian inference over high-dimensional parameter spaces. The well-known adaptive Metropolis (AM) algorithm [H. Haario, E. Saksman, and J. Tamminen, Bernoulli, (2001), pp. 223{242] is extended herein to scale asymptotically uniformly with respect to the underlying parameter dimension for Gaussian targets, by respecting the variance of the target. The resulting algorithm, referred to as the dimension-independent adaptive Metropolis (DIAM) algorithm, also shows improved performance with respect to adaptive Metropolis on non-Gaussian targets. This algorithm is further improved, and the possibility of probing high-dimensional (with dimension d >= 1000) targets is enabled, via GPU-accelerated numerical libraries and periodically synchronized concurrent chains (justified a posteriori). Asymptotically in dimension, this GPU implementation exhibits a factor of four improvement versus a competitive CPU-based Intel MKL (math kernel library) parallel version alone. Strong scaling to concurrent chains is exhibited, through a combination of longer time per sample batch (weak scaling) with fewer necessary samples to convergence. The algorithm performance is illustrated on several Gaussian and non-Gaussian target examples, in which the dimension may be in excess of one thousand. C1 [Chen, Yuxin] KAUST, Comp Sci Program, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Chen, Yuxin] KAUST, Extreme Comp Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Keyes, David] KAUST, Appl Math & Computat Sci & Extreme Comp Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. [Law, Kody J. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ltaief, Hatem] KAUST, Extreme Comp Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. RP Chen, YX (reprint author), KAUST, Comp Sci Program, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.; Chen, YX (reprint author), KAUST, Extreme Comp Res Ctr, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. EM yuxin.chen@kaust.edu.sa; david.keyes@kaust.edu.sa; lawkj@ornl.gov; hatem.ltaief@kaust.edu.sa FU King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Oak Ridge National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Strategic Hire grant [32112590 LDRD] FX This work was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The work of the third author was partially supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Strategic Hire grant 32112590 LDRD. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S539 EP S565 DI 10.1137/15M1026432 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700030 ER PT J AU Cyr, EC Shadid, JN Tuminaro, RS AF Cyr, Eric C. Shadid, John N. Tuminaro, Raymond S. TI TEKO: A BLOCK PRECONDITIONING CAPABILITY WITH CONCRETE EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS IN NAVIER-STOKES AND MHD SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE block preconditioning; physics-based preconditioning; magnetohydrodynamics; scientific computing software ID REDUCED RESISTIVE MHD; FACTORIZATION PRECONDITIONER; EQUATIONS; IMPLICIT; PERFORMANCE; FORMULATION; SOLVER; FLOW AB This paper describes the design of Teko, an object-oriented C++ library for implementing advanced block preconditioners. Mathematical design criteria that elucidate the needs of block preconditioning libraries and techniques are explained and shown to motivate the structure of Teko. For instance, a principal design choice was for Teko to strongly reflect the mathematical statement of the preconditioners to reduce development burden and permit focus on the numerics. Additional mechanisms are explained that provide a pathway to developing an optimized production capable block preconditioning capability with Teko. Finally, Teko is demonstrated on fluid flow and magnetohydrodynamics applications. In addition to highlighting the features of the Teko library, these new results illustrate the effectiveness of recent preconditioning developments applied to advanced discretization approaches. C1 [Cyr, Eric C.; Shadid, John N.; Tuminaro, Raymond S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cyr, EC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eccyr@sandia.gov; jnshadi@sandia.gov; rstumin@sandia.gov FU DOE Office of Science AMR program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE Office of Science AMR program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This has been authored by Sandia Corporation under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S307 EP S331 DI 10.1137/15M1017946 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700017 ER PT J AU Ghysels, P Li, XYS Rouet, FH Williams, S Napov, A AF Ghysels, Pieter Li, Xiaoye S. Rouet, Francois-Henry Williams, Samuel Napov, Artem TI AN EFFICIENT MULTICORE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NOVEL HSS-STRUCTURED MULTIFRONTAL SOLVER USING RANDOMIZED SAMPLING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sparse Gaussian elimination; multifrontal method; HSS matrices; parallel algorithm ID LU FACTORIZATION; ELEMENT MATRICES; QR FACTORIZATION; RANK; ALGORITHMS; REPRESENTATIONS; PRECONDITIONER; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB We present a sparse linear system solver that is based on a multifrontal variant of Gaussian elimination and exploits low-rank approximation of the resulting dense frontal matrices. We use hierarchically semiseparable (HSS) matrices, which have low-rank off-diagonal blocks, to approximate the frontal matrices. For HSS matrix construction, a randomized sampling algorithm is used together with interpolative decompositions. The combination of the randomized compression with a fast ULV HSS factorization leads to a solver with lower computational complexity than the standard multifrontal method for many applications, resulting in speedups up to sevenfold for problems in our test suite. The implementation targets many-core systems by using task parallelism with dynamic runtime scheduling. Numerical experiments show performance improvements over state-of-the-art sparse direct solvers. The implementation achieves high performance and good scalability on a range of modern shared memory parallel systems, including the Intel Xeon Phi (MIC). The code is part of a software package called STRUMPACK (STRUctured Matrices PACKage), which also has a distributed memory component for dense rank-structured matrices. C1 [Ghysels, Pieter; Li, Xiaoye S.; Rouet, Francois-Henry; Williams, Samuel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Napov, Artem] Univ Libre Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Ghysels, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pghysels@lbl.gov; xsli@lbl.gov; fhrouet@lbl.gov; swwilliams@lbl.gov; anapov@ulb.ac.be FU Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Partial support for this work was provided through Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research (and Basic Energy Sciences/Biological and Environmental Research/High Energy Physics/Fusion Energy Sciences/Nuclear Physics). This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This manuscript has been authored by an author at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this article for publication, acknowledges, that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S358 EP S384 DI 10.1137/15M1010117 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700019 ER PT J AU Harrison, RJ Beylkin, G Bischoff, FA Calvin, JA Fann, GI Fosso-Tande, J Galindo, D Hammond, JR Hartman-Baker, R Hill, JC Jia, J Kottmann, JS Ou, MJY Pei, JC Ratcliff, LE Reuter, MG Richie-Halford, AC Romero, NA Sekino, H Shelton, WA Sundahl, BE Thornton, WS Valeev, EF Vazquez-Mayagoitia, A Vence, N Yanai, T Yokoi, Y AF Harrison, Robert J. Beylkin, Gregory Bischoff, Florian A. Calvin, Justus A. Fann, George I. Fosso-Tande, Jacob Galindo, Diego Hammond, Jeff R. Hartman-Baker, Rebecca Hill, Judith C. Jia, Jun Kottmann, Jakob S. Ou, M. -J. Yvonne Pei, Junchen Ratcliff, Laura E. Reuter, Matthew G. Richie-Halford, Adam C. Romero, Nichols A. Sekino, Hideo Shelton, William A. Sundahl, Bryan E. Thornton, W. Scott Valeev, Edward F. Vazquez-Mayagoitia, Alvaro Vence, Nicholas Yanai, Takeshi Yokoi, Yukina TI MADNESS: A MULTIRESOLUTION, ADAPTIVE NUMERICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR SCIENTIFIC SIMULATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE scientific simulation; multiresolution analysis; high-performance computing ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; MULTIWAVELET BASES; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; HARTREE-FOCK; SINGULAR-OPERATORS; ALGORITHMS; EQUATIONS AB MADNESS (multiresolution adaptive numerical environment for scientific simulation) is a high-level software environment for solving integral and differential equations in many dimensions that uses adaptive and fast harmonic analysis methods with guaranteed precision that are based on multiresolution analysis and separated representations. Underpinning the numerical capabilities is a powerful petascale parallel programming environment that aims to increase both programmer productivity and code scalability. This paper describes the features and capabilities of MADNESS and briefly discusses some current applications in chemistry and several areas of physics. C1 [Harrison, Robert J.; Reuter, Matthew G.; Sundahl, Bryan E.; Thornton, W. Scott] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Beylkin, Gregory] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bischoff, Florian A.; Kottmann, Jakob S.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Chem, Unter Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. [Calvin, Justus A.; Valeev, Edward F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Fann, George I.; Galindo, Diego; Hill, Judith C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fosso-Tande, Jacob] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hammond, Jeff R.] Intel Corp, Parallel Comp Lab, Portland, OR 97219 USA. [Hartman-Baker, Rebecca] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jia, Jun] LinkedIn, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Ou, M. -J. Yvonne] Univ Delaware, Dept Math Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Pei, Junchen] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ratcliff, Laura E.; Romero, Nichols A.; Vazquez-Mayagoitia, Alvaro] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Leadership Comp Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Richie-Halford, Adam C.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sekino, Hideo; Yokoi, Yukina] Toyohashi Univ Technol, Comp Sci & Engn, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. [Shelton, William A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Vence, Nicholas] LaSierra Univ, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92505 USA. [Yanai, Takeshi] Inst Mol Sci, Theoret & Computat Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. RP Harrison, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM robert.harrison@stonybrook.edu; gregory.beylkin@colorado.edu; florian.bischoff@chemie.hu-berlin.de; justusc@vt.edu; fanngi@ornl.gov; fossotaj@gmail.com; galindo_diego_a@cat.com; jeff.science@gmail.com; hartmanbaker@gmail.com; hilljc@ornl.gov; jakiej@gmail.com; jakob.kottmann@chemie.hu-berlin.de; miaok@gmail.com; cpei.pku@gmail.com; lratcliff@anl.gov; matthew.reuter@stonybrook.edu; richiehalford@gmail.com; naromero@gmail.com; sekinoh@gmail.com; sheltonwair@gmail.com; bryan.sundahl@stonybrook.edu; william.thornton@stonybrook.edu; evaleev@vt.edu; fray.gory@gmail.com; nickvence@gmail.com; yanait@ims.ac.jp; yokoiykn@gmail.com FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research's Math Program; SciDAC Program, U.S. Department of Energy; DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [ACI-1450344, ACI-1047696, ACI-1450262] FX This research was sponsored in part by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research's Math Program and the SciDAC Program, U.S. Department of Energy. Some work was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This work also employed resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.; The first author's work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant ACI-1450344.; The work of these authors was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants ACI-1047696 and ACI-1450262. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S123 EP S142 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700008 ER PT J AU Khan, A Pothen, A Patwary, MMA Satish, NR Sundaram, N Manne, F Halappanavar, M Dubey, P AF Khan, Arif Pothen, Alex Patwary, Md. Mostofa Ali Satish, Nadathur Rajagopalan Sundaram, Narayanan Manne, Fredrik Halappanavar, Mahantesh Dubey, Pradeep TI EFFICIENT APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS FOR WEIGHTED b-MATCHING SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE b-matching; approximation algorithms; parallel algorithms AB We describe a half-approximation algorithm, b-SUITOR, for computing a b-MATCHING of maximum weight in a graph with weights on the edges. b-MATCHING is a generalization of the well-known MATCHING problem in graphs, where the objective is to choose a subset of M edges in the graph such that at most a specified number b(v) of edges in M are incident on each vertex v. Subject to this restriction we maximize the sum of the weights of the edges in M. We prove that the b-SUITOR algorithm computes the same b-MATCHING as the one obtained by the GREEDY algorithm for the problem. We implement the algorithm on serial and shared-memory parallel processors and compare its performance against a collection of approximation algorithms that have been proposed earlier. Our results show that the b-SUITOR algorithm outperforms the GREEDY and locally dominant edge algorithms by one to two orders of magnitude on a serial processor. The b-SUITOR algorithm has a high degree of concurrency, and it scales well up to 240 threads on a shared-memory multiprocessor. The b-SUITOR algorithm outperforms the locally dominant edge algorithm by a factor of 14 on 16 cores of an Intel Xeon multiprocessor. C1 [Khan, Arif; Pothen, Alex] Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Patwary, Md. Mostofa Ali; Satish, Nadathur Rajagopalan; Sundaram, Narayanan; Dubey, Pradeep] Intel Labs, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Manne, Fredrik] Univ Bergen, Dept Informat, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Halappanavar, Mahantesh] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Comp Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM khan58@purdue.edu; apothen@purdue.edu; mostofa.ali.patwary@intel.com; nadathur.rajagopalan.satish@intel.com; narayanan.sundaram@intel.com; Fredrik.Manne@ii.uib.no; hala@pnnl.gov; pradeep.dubey@intel.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0010205]; National Science Foundation [CCF-1552323]; Applied Mathematics Program of the Office of Advance Scientific Computing Research within the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX The research of these authors was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through grant DE-SC0010205 and the National Science Foundation through grant CCF-1552323.; This author's work was supported in part by the Applied Mathematics Program of the Office of Advance Scientific Computing Research within the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S593 EP S619 DI 10.1137/15M1026304 PG 27 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700034 ER PT J AU Peterka, T Croubois, H Li, N Rangel, E Cappello, F AF Peterka, Tom Croubois, Hadrien Li, Nan Rangel, Esteban Cappello, Franck TI SELF-ADAPTIVE DENSITY ESTIMATION OF PARTICLE DATA SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE density estimation; cloud in cell; smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Voronoi tessellation; nearest grid point; triangular shaped clouds ID PLASMA SIMULATION; HYDRODYNAMICS; COSMOLOGY; UNIVERSE; CODE AB We present a study of density estimation, the conversion of discrete particle positions to a continuous field of particle density defined over a three-dimensional Cartesian grid. The study features a methodology for evaluating the accuracy and performance of various density estimation methods, results of that evaluation for four density estimators, and a large-scale parallel algorithm for a self-adaptive method that computes a Voronoi tessellation as an intermediate step. We demonstrate the performance and scalability of our parallel algorithm on a supercomputer when estimating the density of 100 million particles over 500 billion grid points. C1 [Peterka, Tom; Cappello, Franck] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60162 USA. [Croubois, Hadrien] ENS Lyon, BP 7000, F-69342 Lyon 07, France. [Li, Nan] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Rangel, Esteban] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Peterka, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60162 USA. EM tpeterka@mcs.anl.gov; hadrien.croubois@ens-lyon.fr; linan7788626@gmail.com; steverangel@gmail.com; cappello@mcs.anl.gov FU Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE [DE-DC000122495] FX This work was supported by Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, and by DOE with agreement DE-DC000122495, program manager Lucy Nowell. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S646 EP S666 DI 10.1137/15M1016308 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700037 ER PT J AU Slota, GM Madduri, K Rajamanickam, S AF Slota, George M. Madduri, Kamesh Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran TI COMPLEX NETWORK PARTITIONING USING LABEL PROPAGATION SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE partitioning; label propagation; parallel; graph algorithm; small-world AB We present PuLP (partitioning using label propagation), a parallel and memory efficient graph partitioning method specifically designed to partition low-diameter networks with skewed degree distributions on shared-memory multicore platforms. Graph partitioning is an important problem in scientific computing because it impacts the execution time and energy efficiency of computations on distributed-memory platforms. Partitioning determines the in-memory layout of a graph, which affects locality, intertask load balance, communication time, and overall memory utilization. A novel feature of our PuLP method is that it optimizes for multiple objective metrics simultaneously, while satisfying multiple partitioning constraints. Using our method, we are able to partition a web crawl with billions of edges on a single compute server in under a minute. For a collection of test graphs, we show that PuLP uses up to 7.8x less memory than state-of-the-art partitioners and is 5.0x faster, on average, than alternate approaches (with 16-way parallelism). We also achieve better partitioning quality results for the multiobjective scenario. C1 [Slota, George M.; Madduri, Kamesh] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rajamanickam, Sivasankaran] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Algorithms Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Slota, GM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gslota@psu.edu; madduri@cse.psu.edu; srajama@sandia.gov FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0725070, ACI-1238993, ACI-1444747]; state of Illinois; NSF [ACI-1253881, CCF-1439057, OCI-0821527]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Science through the FASTMath SciDAC Institute; U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research is part of the Blue Waters sustainedpetascale computing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards OCI-0725070, ACI-1238993, and ACI-1444747) and the state of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. This work is also supported by NSF grants ACI-1253881 and CCF-1439057 and used instrumentation funded by NSF grant OCI-0821527, as well as the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was also suppoerted by the DOE Office of Science through the FASTMath SciDAC Institute. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Portions of this work previously appeared in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Big Data, 2014. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S620 EP S645 DI 10.1137/15M1026183 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700035 ER PT J AU Zhang, WQ Almgren, A Day, M Nguyen, T Shalf, J Unat, D AF Zhang, Weiqun Almgren, Ann Day, Marcus Tan Nguyen Shalf, John Unat, Didem TI BOXLIB WITH TILING: AN ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE high-performance computing; software framework; tiling ID IA SUPERNOVAE; RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS; COMPLEX CHEMISTRY; CASTRO; FLOWS; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM; EVOLUTION; CODE AB In this paper we introduce a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement software framework that incorporates tiling, a well-known loop transformation. Because the multiscale, multiphysics codes built in BoxLib are designed to solve complex systems at high resolution, performance on current and next generation architectures is essential. With the expectation of many more cores per node on next generation architectures, the ability to effectively utilize threads within a node is essential, and the current model for parallelization will not be sufficient. We describe a new version of BoxLib in which the tiling constructs are embedded so that BoxLib-based applications can easily realize expected performance gains without extra effort on the part of the application developer. We also discuss a path forward to enable future versions of BoxLib to take advantage of NUMA-aware optimizations using the TiDA portable library. C1 [Zhang, Weiqun; Almgren, Ann; Day, Marcus] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tan Nguyen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Comp Architecture Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shalf, John] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Unat, Didem] Koc Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, TR-34450 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Zhang, WQ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Computat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM WeiqunZhang@lbl.gov; ASAlmgren@lbl.gov; MSDay@lbl.gov; tannguyen@lbl.gov; JShalf@lbl.gov; dunat@ku.edu.tr FU SciDAC Program; Exascale Co-Design Program of the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Marie Sklodowska Curie Reintegration Grant by the European Commission; Tubitak [215E285] FX This work was supported by the SciDAC Program and the Exascale Co-Design Program of the DOE Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231.; The research of this author was supported by the Marie Sklodowska Curie Reintegration Grant by the European Commission and by Tubitak grant 215E285. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 EI 1095-7197 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2016 VL 38 IS 5 BP S156 EP S172 DI 10.1137/15M102616X PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EB4ND UT WOS:000387347700010 ER PT S AU Roberts, CD AF Roberts, Craig D. GP IOP TI Three Lectures on Hadron Physics SO XIII INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HADRON PHYSICS, SECTIONS 1-5 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Hadron Physics CY MAR 22-27, 2015 CL Angra dos Reis, BRAZIL SP Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Super, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientifico Tecnologico, Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Rio de Janeiro, Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; WARD-TAKAHASHI RELATION; FERMION-BOSON VERTEX; QCD SUM-RULES; ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; QUARK-DIQUARK MODEL; JONA-LASINIO MODEL; ONE-LOOP ORDER; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES AB These lectures explain that comparisons between experiment and theory can expose the impact of running couplings and masses on hadron observables and thereby aid materially in charting the momentum dependence of the interaction that underlies strong interaction dynamics. The series begins with a primer on continuum QCD, which introduces some of the basic ideas necessary in order to understand the use of Schwinger functions as a nonperturbative tool in hadron physics. It continues with a discussion of confinement and dynamical symmetry breaking (DCSB) in the Standard Model, and the impact of these phenomena on our understanding of condensates, the parton structure of hadrons, and the pion electromagnetic form factor. The final lecture treats the problem of grand unification; namely, the contemporary use of Schwinger functions as a symmetry-preserving tool for the unified explanation and prediction of the properties of both mesons and baryons. It reveals that DCSB drives the formation of diquark clusters in baryons and sketches a picture of baryons as bound-states with Borromean character. Planned experiments are capable of validating the perspectives outlined in these lectures. C1 [Roberts, Craig D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov NR 243 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 706 AR UNSP 022003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/706/2/022003 PG 53 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG2AE UT WOS:000387188000003 ER PT S AU Steiner, AW AF Steiner, Andrew W. GP IOP TI Frontiers the Physics of Dense Matter for Neutron Stars SO XIII INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HADRON PHYSICS, SECTIONS 1-5 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Workshop on Hadron Physics CY MAR 22-27, 2015 CL Angra dos Reis, BRAZIL SP Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Super, Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientifico Tecnologico, Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Rio de Janeiro, Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; MEAN-FIELD MODELS; NUCLEI; MASSES; RADII; FORCES AB Neutron stars are an excellent laboratory for nuclear physics. They probe the nucleon-nucleon interaction, the structure of nuclei, and the nature of dense QCD in ways which complement current experimental efforts. This article very briefly summarizes some of the current frontiers in neutron stars and dense matter with an emphasis on how our understanding might be improved in the near future. C1 [Steiner, Andrew W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Steiner, Andrew W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Steiner, AW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Steiner, AW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM awsteiner@utk.edu NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 706 AR UNSP 022001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/706/2/022001 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG2AE UT WOS:000387188000001 ER PT S AU Li, ST Li, H AF Li, Shengtai Li, Hui GP IOP TI The role of disk self-gravity on gap formation of the HL Tau proto-planetary disk SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS: ASTRONUM-2015 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows (ASTRONUM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Avignon, FRANCE SP French Alternat Energies & Atom Energy Commiss, Maison Simulat HO Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res ID MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; EXOPLANETS AB We use extensive global hydrodynamic disk gas+dust simulations with embedded planets to model the dust ring and gap structures in the HL Tau protoplanetary disk observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). Since the HL Tau is a relatively massive disk, we find the disk self-gravity (DSG) plays an important role in the gap formation induced by the planets. Our simulation results demonstrate that DSG is necessary in explaining of the dust ring and gap in HL Tau disk. The comparison of simulation results shows that the dust rings and gap structures are more evident when the fully 2D DSG (non-axisymmetric components are included) is used than if 1D axisymmetric DSG (only the axisymetric component is included) is used, or the disk self-gravity is not considered. We also find that the couple dust+gas+planet simulations are required because the gap and ring structure is different between dust and gas surface density. C1 [Li, Shengtai; Li, Hui] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, ST (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sli@lanl.gov OI Li, Shengtai/0000-0002-4142-3080 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 719 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/719/1/012007 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG1AG UT WOS:000386617200007 ER PT S AU Vencels, J Delzanno, GL Manzini, G Markidis, S Peng, IB Roytershteyn, V AF Vencels, Juris Delzanno, Gian Luca Manzini, Gianmarco Markidis, Stefano Peng, Ivy Bo Roytershteyn, Vadim GP IOP TI SpectralPlasmaSolver: a Spectral Code for Multiscale Simulations of Collisionless, Magnetized Plasmas SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS: ASTRONUM-2015 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows (ASTRONUM) CY JUN 08-12, 2015 CL Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Avignon, FRANCE SP French Alternat Energies & Atom Energy Commiss, Maison Simulat HO Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res ID VLASOV EQUATION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; IMPLICIT; INTEGRATION; SPACE AB We present the design and implementation of a spectral code, called Spectral Plasma Solver (SPS), for the solution of the multi-dimensional Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The method is based on a Hermite-Fourier decomposition of the particle distribution function. The code is written in Fortran and uses the PETSc library for solving the non-linear equations and preconditioning and the FFTW library for the convolutions. SPS is parallelized for shared-memory machines using OpenMP. As a verification example, we discuss simulations of the two-dimensional Orszag-Tang vortex problem and successfully compare them against a fully kinetic Particle-In-Cell simulation. An assessment of the performance of the code is presented, showing a significant improvement in the code running-time achieved by preconditioning, while strong scaling tests show a factor of 10 speed-up using 16 threads. C1 [Vencels, Juris; Delzanno, Gian Luca; Manzini, Gianmarco] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Markidis, Stefano; Peng, Ivy Bo] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Roytershteyn, Vadim] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO USA. RP Vencels, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM vencels@lanl.gov; delzanno@lanl.gov; manzini@lanl.gov; markidis@kth.se; bopeng@kth.se; vroytershteyn@spacescience.org OI Roytershteyn, Vadim/0000-0003-1745-7587; Delzanno, Gian Luca/0000-0002-7030-2683 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2016 VL 719 AR 012022 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/719/1/012022 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BG1AG UT WOS:000386617200022 ER PT J AU Baseman, E DeBardeleben, N Ferreira, K Levy, S Raasch, S Sridharan, V Siddiqua, T Guan, Q AF Baseman, Elisabeth DeBardeleben, Nathan Ferreira, Kurt Levy, Scott Raasch, Steven Sridharan, Vilas Siddiqua, Taniya Guan, Qiang GP IEEE TI Improving DRAM Fault Characterization Through Machine Learning SO 2016 46TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS WORKSHOPS (DSN-W) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc AB As high-performance computing systems continue to grow in scale and complexity, the study of faults and errors is critical to the design of future systems and mitigation schemes. Fault modes in system DRAM are a frequently-investigated key aspect of memory reliability. While current schemes require offline analysis for proper classification, current state-of-the-art mitigation techniques require accurate online prediction for optimal performance. In this work, we explore the predictive performance of an online machine learning-based approach in classifying DRAM fault modes from two leadership-class supercomputing facilities. Our results compare the predictive performance of this online approach with the current rule-based approach based on expert knowledge, finding a 12% predictive performance improvement. We also investigate the universality of our classifiers by evaluating predictive performance using training data from disparate computing systems to achieve a 7% improvement in predictive performance. Our work provides a critical analysis of this online learning technique and can benefit system designers to help inform best practices for dealing with reliability on future systems. C1 [Baseman, Elisabeth; DeBardeleben, Nathan; Guan, Qiang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Ferreira, Kurt] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Levy, Scott] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Raasch, Steven; Siddiqua, Taniya] Adv Micro Devices Inc, AMD Res, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. [Sridharan, Vilas] Adv Micro Devices Inc, RAS Architecture, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. RP Baseman, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ultrascale Syst Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM lissa@lanl.gov; ndebard@lanl.gov; kbferre@sandia.gov; slevy@cs.unm.edu; Steven.Raasch@amd.com; Vilas.Sridharan@amd.com; Taniya.Siddiqua@amd.com; qguan@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8891-7 PY 2016 BP 250 EP 253 DI 10.1109/DSN-W.2016.13 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0XL UT WOS:000386564300048 ER PT J AU Cappello, F Bosilca, G AF Cappello, Franck Bosilca, George GP IEEE TI DSN 2016 Tutorial: Resilience for Scientific Computing: from Theory to Practice SO 2016 46TH ANNUAL IEEE/IFIP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS WORKSHOPS (DSN-W) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2016 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP IEEE, IFIP, IEEE Comp Soc C1 [Cappello, Franck] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bosilca, George] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Cappello, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cappello@anl.gov; bosilca@eecs.utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-8891-7 PY 2016 BP 267 EP 267 DI 10.1109/DSN-W.2016.56 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0XL UT WOS:000386564300056 ER PT S AU Agarwal, A Marlino, L Ivester, R Johnson, M AF Agarwal, Anant Marlino, Laura Ivester, Robert Johnson, Mark GP IEEE TI Wide BandGap Power Devices and Applications; The US Initiative SO 2016 46TH EUROPEAN SOLID-STATE DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (ESSDERC) SE Proceedings of the European Solid-State Device Research Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th European Solid-State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC) / 42nd European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC) CY SEP 12-15, 2016 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND DE wide bandgap; NNMI; PowerAmerica; Advanced Manufacturing Office AB The U.S. offers multiple mechanisms for funding both small and large businesses to promote innovations in science and industry. However, dating back to the 80s many U.S. companies have chosen to take products created domestically and manufacture them overseas. This has been a particularly disturbing trend in the semiconductor business leading to the loss of jobs and technical expertise as students, educated in the U.S., leave for opportunities elsewhere. Efforts to reverse this tendency are being aggressively undertaken through new initiatives funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO). Details of some of these activities, in regards to Wide Bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices and their applications, are discussed in this paper. C1 [Agarwal, Anant; Ivester, Robert; Johnson, Mark] US DOE, Adv Mfg Off, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Marlino, Laura] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Elect Syst Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), US DOE, Adv Mfg Off, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8876 BN 978-1-5090-2969-3 J9 PROC EUR S-STATE DEV PY 2016 BP 206 EP 209 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG1CL UT WOS:000386655900048 ER PT S AU Prabakar, K Li, FX Xiao, BL AF Prabakar, Kumaraguru Li, Fanxing Xiao, Bailu GP IEEE TI Controller hardware-in-loop testbed setup for multi-objective optimization based tuning of inverter controller parameters in a microgrid setting SO 2016 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (PSC) SE Clemson University Power Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Clemson-University Power Systems Conference (PSC) CY MAR 08-11, 2016 CL Clemson, SC SP Clemson Univ DE Controller hardware-in-loop (CHIL); Inverter gain tuning; Microgrid; Multi-objective optimization; real time digital simulator (RTDS) AB A multi-objective optimization based inverter controller parameter tuning for a microgrid setup is proposed here. In order to facilitate easy transfer from tuned controller to actual inverter hardware, a real time digital simulator and FPGA based controller hardware-in-loop setup is employed for the tuning. Inverters used under such microgrid setup need to operate in different modes. This is due to the microgrids' need to connect and disconnect from the grid. Control setup used in both modes of operation will be tuned using the proposed controller hardware in-loop setup and the optimization method. The results indicate that optimization based tuning can generate optimal gain values regardless of the mode of operation of the inverter. C1 [Prabakar, Kumaraguru; Li, Fanxing] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Xiao, Bailu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Prabakar, K (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM kprabaka@utk.edu; fli6@utk.edu; xiaob@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2469-8830 BN 978-1-5090-0687-8 J9 CLEM UNIV POWER SYST PY 2016 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG0WP UT WOS:000386537400011 ER PT S AU Han, J Fontency, GV Wang, YF Mao, JH Chang, H AF Han, Ju Fontency, Gerald V. Wang, Yunfu Mao, Jian-Hua Chang, Hang GP IEEE TI PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAST INVASIVE CARCINOMA VIA TRANSFERABLE TISSUE MORPHOMETRIC PATTERNS LEARNED FROM GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME SO 2016 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING (ISBI) SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 13th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) CY APR 13-16, 2016 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE, EMB, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, Amer Elements DE Breast invasive carcinoma; unsupervised feature learning; knowledge sharing; predictive sparse decomposition; consensus clustering; survival analysis; enrichment analysis ID IMAGES AB Quantitative analysis of whole slide images (WSIs) in a large cohort may provide predictive models of clinical outcome. However, the performance of the existing techniques is hindered as a result of large technical variations (e.g., fixation, staining) and biological heterogeneities (e.g., cell type, cell state) that are always present in a large cohort. Although unsupervised feature learning provides a promising way in learning pertinent features without human intervention, its capability can be greatly limited due to the lack of well-curated examples. In this paper, we explored the transferability of knowledge acquired from a well-curated Glioblastoma Multi forme (GBM) dataset through its application to the representation and characterization of tissue histology from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA) cohort. Our experimental results reveals two major phenotypic subtypes with statistically significantly different survival curves. Further differential expression analysis of these two subtypes indicates enrichment of genes regulated by NF-kB in response to TNF and genes up regulated in response to IFNG. C1 [Han, Ju; Chang, Hang] Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Biomed Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Fontency, Gerald V.; Wang, Yunfu; Mao, Jian-Hua; Chang, Hang] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Biol Syst & Engn Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Wang, Yunfu] Hubei Univ Med, Taihe Hosp, Dept Neurol, Shiyan, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Han, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Elect & Biomed Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4799-2349-6; 978-1-4799-2350-2 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2016 BP 1025 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BG0MT UT WOS:000386377400242 ER PT J AU Grinfeld, M McDonald, J Niederhaus, J AF Grinfeld, Michael McDonald, Jason Niederhaus, John GP IEEE TI ALEGRA Based Computation of Magnetostatic Configurations SO 2016 IEEE/ACES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) AND APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ACES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology (ICWITS) and System and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) CY MAR 13-17, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc, IEEE DE Computer code ALEGRA; benchmark exact solutions; validation and verification; magnetic field diffusion AB We explore how reliable the ALEGRA MHD code is in its static limit. Also, we explore (in the quasi-static approximation) the process of evolution of the magnetic fields inside and outside an inclusion and the parameters for which the quasi-static approach provides for self-consistent results. C1 [Grinfeld, Michael; McDonald, Jason] US Army, Res Lab, Protect Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Niederhaus, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Res Comp, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Grinfeld, M (reprint author), US Army, Res Lab, Protect Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. EM michael.grinfeld4.civ@mail.mil; jason.r.mcdonald27.civ@mail.mil; jhniede@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1259-6 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0WM UT WOS:000386537100190 ER PT J AU Miller, EK AF Miller, Edmund K. GP IEEE TI Syntheis of Scanning and Nonuniformly Spaced Dolph-Chebyshev Arrays SO 2016 IEEE/ACES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) AND APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ACES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology (ICWITS) and System and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) CY MAR 13-17, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc, IEEE DE Dolph-Chebyshev arrays; synthesis of nonuniform array; scanning array AB In the ACES 2015 meeting, the author presented a method for synthesizing array patterns using a matrix that relates element excitations with the lobe maxima of a desired pattern [1]. The method is applied here to the synthesis of both a Dolph-Chebyshev scanning array and one that has nonuniformly spaced elements. C1 [Miller, Edmund K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lincoln, CA USA. RP Miller, EK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lincoln, CA USA. EM e.miller@ieee.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1259-6 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0WM UT WOS:000386537100017 ER PT J AU Nekoogar, F Dowla, F AF Nekoogar, Faranak Dowla, Farid GP IEEE TI Passive RFID for IOT Using UWB/UHF Hybrid. Signaling SO 2016 IEEE/ACES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) AND APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ACES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology (ICWITS) and System and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) CY MAR 13-17, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc, IEEE DE IOT; RFID; Passive; Sensors; UWB AB Advanced passive RFID tags integrated with a suite of sensors can play a significant role in the Internet of Things (IOT) ecosystem for longer range sensor applications. Although readers equipped with IPv6 conununications capability allow the transfer of data from passive tags to the IOT world, reliable remote powering of such tag/sensor units still is a limiting factor in harsh propagation environments. In this paper we present a hybrid UWB/UHF signaling for reliable long-range tag reader communications in challenging environments such as reflective, absorptive, and cluttered channels. C1 [Nekoogar, Faranak; Dowla, Farid] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nekoogar, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nekoogar1@llnl.gov; dowla1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1259-6 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0WM UT WOS:000386537100007 ER PT J AU Notaros, BM Manic, AB Li, XS Rouet, FH AF Notaros, Branislav M. Manic, Ana B. Li, Xiaoye Sherry Rouet, Francois-Henry GP IEEE TI Controlling the Accuracy of Double Higher Order Surface Integral Equation Modeling by Relative Tolerance for Matrix Compression SO 2016 IEEE/ACES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS (ICWITS) AND APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS (ACES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology (ICWITS) and System and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES) CY MAR 13-17, 2016 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Appl Computat Electromagnet Soc, IEEE AB We show how the accuracy of the double higher order surface integral equation modeling in conjunction with a direct hierarchically semiseparable structures solver can be efficiently controlled by using the relative tolerance for the matrix compression. C1 [Notaros, Branislav M.; Manic, Ana B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Li, Xiaoye Sherry; Rouet, Francois-Henry] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Notaros, BM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM notaros@colostate.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1259-6 PY 2016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0WM UT WOS:000386537100072 ER PT S AU Wehner, W Lauret, M Schuster, E Ferron, JR Holcomb, C Luce, TC Humphreys, DA Walker, ML Penaflor, BG Johnson, RD AF Wehner, William Lauret, Menno Schuster, Eugenio Ferron, John R. Holcomb, Chris Luce, Tim C. Humphreys, David A. Walker, Michael L. Penaflor, Ben G. Johnson, Robert D. GP IEEE TI Predictive Control of the Tokamak q Profile to Facilitate Reproducibility of High-q(min) Steady-State Scenarios at DIII-D SO 2016 IEEE CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA) SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA) CY SEP 19-22, 2016 CL Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA SP IEEE ID PLASMA; MODEL AB We consider control of the q profile while simultaneously regulating the plasma stored energy for the DIII-D tokamak. The main objective is to improve the shot-to-shot reproducibility and facilitate the accessibility of operating conditions that have steady-state potential, i.e. plasmas with large non-inductive current drive fractions. At DIII-D, non inductive current sources including electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) and neutral beam injection (NBI) allow the possibility of shaping the plasma current density distribution, and therefore enabling control of the q profile. A feedback controller is designed in a model predictive control framework to regulate the q profile while simultaneously regulating the plasma stored energy. The effectiveness of the control approach is demonstrated with experiments. C1 [Wehner, William; Schuster, Eugenio] Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Holcomb, Chris] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ferron, John R.; Luce, Tim C.; Humphreys, David A.; Walker, Michael L.; Penaflor, Ben G.; Johnson, Robert D.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Wehner, W (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mech, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM wehner@lehigh.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-5090-0755-4 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2016 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG1EW UT WOS:000386696600088 ER PT J AU Narumanchi, S AF Narumanchi, Sreekant GP IEEE TI Importance of Thermal Management and Reliability SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON 3D POWER ELECTRONICS INTEGRATION AND MANUFACTURING (3D-PEIM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on 3D Power Electronics Integration and Manufacturing (3D-PEIM) CY JUN 13-15, 2016 CL NC State Univ, Raleigh, NC SP iMAPS, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE Eastern N Carolina Sect, HOW2POWER, Ctr Power Elect Syst, FREEDM Syst Ctr, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn, CPS Technologies, Indiana Integrated Circuits, AT&S, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, POWERAMERICA HO NC State Univ C1 [Narumanchi, Sreekant] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Narumanchi, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sreekant.narumanchi@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2940-2 PY 2016 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG1GK UT WOS:000386734000005 ER PT J AU Wu, T Wereszczak, AA Wang, H Ozpineci, B Ayers, CW AF Wu, Tong Wereszczak, Andrew A. Wang, Hsin Ozpineci, Burak Ayers, Curt W. GP IEEE TI Thermal Response of Additive Manufactured Aluminum SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON 3D POWER ELECTRONICS INTEGRATION AND MANUFACTURING (3D-PEIM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on 3D Power Electronics Integration and Manufacturing (3D-PEIM) CY JUN 13-15, 2016 CL NC State Univ, Raleigh, NC SP iMAPS, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE Eastern N Carolina Sect, HOW2POWER, Ctr Power Elect Syst, FREEDM Syst Ctr, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn, CPS Technologies, Indiana Integrated Circuits, AT&S, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, POWERAMERICA HO NC State Univ DE additive manufacture; thermal property; 3D print; microstructure; Aluminum_AM AB The thermal response of a liquid-cooled, 3D printed aluminum heat sink is compared to that for a conventionally-manufactured aluminum 6061 heat sink of identical geometry. Differences in thermal response were observed; however, the employed 3D-printed aluminum composition could be annealed to produce equivalent thermal characteristics to that of Al 6061. The achievement of that thermal equivalency indicates that the attractive attributes of 3D-printing can be exploited for heat exchangers with a simple and additional processing step. C1 [Wu, Tong] Univ Tennessee, Bredesen Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wu, Tong; Ozpineci, Burak; Ayers, Curt W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Wereszczak, Andrew A.; Wang, Hsin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, T (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Bredesen Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.; Wu, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM wut1@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2940-2 PY 2016 PG 15 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG1GK UT WOS:000386734000002 ER PT J AU Yang, F Liang, ZX Wang, ZQ Wang, F AF Yang, Fei Liang, Zhenxian Wang, Zhiqiang (Jack) Wang, Fred GP IEEE TI Parasitic Inductance Extraction and Verification for 3D Planar Bond All Module SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON 3D POWER ELECTRONICS INTEGRATION AND MANUFACTURING (3D-PEIM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on 3D Power Electronics Integration and Manufacturing (3D-PEIM) CY JUN 13-15, 2016 CL NC State Univ, Raleigh, NC SP iMAPS, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc, IEEE Eastern N Carolina Sect, HOW2POWER, Ctr Power Elect Syst, FREEDM Syst Ctr, Ctr Adv Life Cycle Engn, CPS Technologies, Indiana Integrated Circuits, AT&S, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc, POWERAMERICA HO NC State Univ C1 [Yang, Fei; Wang, Fred] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Ultra Wide Area Resilient Elect Energy Transm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Liang, Zhenxian; Wang, Zhiqiang (Jack)] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinary Grp, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Yang, F (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Ctr Ultra Wide Area Resilient Elect Energy Transm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fyang17@vols.utk.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2940-2 PY 2016 PG 20 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG1GK UT WOS:000386734000012 ER PT J AU Mathew, KJ Stanley, FE Thomas, MR Spencer, KJ Colletti, LP Tandon, L AF Mathew, Kattathu J. Stanley, Floyd E. Thomas, Mariam R. Spencer, Khalil J. Colletti, Lisa P. Tandon, Lav TI Critical need for plutonium and uranium isotopic standards with lower uncertainties SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Review ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR FORENSIC-SCIENCE; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; METAL ASSAY; SAFEGUARDS; TIMS; METHODOLOGY; PARTICLES; METROLOGY AB Certified reference materials (CRMs) traceable to national and international safeguards database are a critical prerequisite for ensuring that nuclear measurement systems are free of systematic biases. CRMs are used to validate measurement processes associated with nuclear analytical laboratories. Diverse areas related to nuclear safeguards are impacted by the quality of the CRM standards available to analytical laboratories. These include: nuclear forensics, radio-chronometry, national and international safeguards, stockpile stewardship, nuclear weapons infrastructure and nonproliferation, fuel fabrication, waste processing, radiation protection, and environmental monitoring. For the past three decades the nuclear community is confronted with the strange situation that improvements in measurement data quality resulting from the improved accuracy and precision achievable with modern multi-collector mass spectrometers could not be fully exploited due to large uncertainties associated with CRMs available from New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL) that are used for instrument calibration and measurement control. Similar conditions prevail for both plutonium and uranium isotopic standards and for impurity element standards in uranium matrices. Herein, the current status of U and Pu isotopic standards available from NBL is reviewed. Critical areas requiring improvement in the quality of the nuclear standards to enable the U. S. and international safeguards community to utilize the full potential of modern multi-collector mass spectrometer instruments are highlighted. C1 [Mathew, Kattathu J.; Stanley, Floyd E.; Thomas, Mariam R.; Spencer, Khalil J.; Colletti, Lisa P.; Tandon, Lav] Los Alamos Natl Lab, C AAC, Actinide Analyt Chem Div, 30 Bikini Atoll Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mathew, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, C AAC, Actinide Analyt Chem Div, 30 Bikini Atoll Dr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kmathew@lanl.gov NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 10 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2016 VL 8 IS 40 BP 7289 EP 7305 DI 10.1039/c6ay02267g PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA DZ9TC UT WOS:000386221000001 ER PT J AU Feng, XW Liu, JL Pedersen, KS Nehrkorn, J Schnegg, A Holldack, K Bendix, J Sigrist, M Mutka, H Samohvalov, D Aguila, D Tong, ML Long, JR Clerac, R AF Feng, Xiaowen Liu, Jun-Liang Pedersen, Kasper S. Nehrkorn, Joscha Schnegg, Alexander Holldack, Karsten Bendix, Jesper Sigrist, Marc Mutka, Hannu Samohvalov, Dumitru Aguila, David Tong, Ming-Liang Long, Jeffrey R. Clerac, Rodolphe TI Multifaceted magnetization dynamics in the mononuclear complex [(ReCl4)-Cl-IV(CN)(2)](2-) SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; RARE-EARTH SALTS; ION MAGNET; ANISOTROPY BARRIER; FIELD-DEPENDENCE; LINEAR IRON(I); TEMPERATURE; HYSTERESIS AB The mononuclear complex (Bu4N)(2)[ (ReCl4)-Cl-IV(CN)(2)]center dot 2DMA (DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide) displays intricate magnetization dynamics, implying Orbach, direct, and Raman-type relaxation processes. The Orbach relaxation process is characterized by an energy barrier of 39 K (27 cm (-1)) that is discussed based on high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), inelastic neutron scattering and frequency-domain THz EPR investigations. C1 [Feng, Xiaowen; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Jun-Liang; Tong, Ming-Liang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Chem, MOE Key Lab Bioinorgan & Synthet Chem, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jun-Liang; Pedersen, Kasper S.; Samohvalov, Dumitru; Aguila, David; Clerac, Rodolphe] CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France. [Liu, Jun-Liang; Pedersen, Kasper S.; Samohvalov, Dumitru; Aguila, David; Clerac, Rodolphe] Univ Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France. [Pedersen, Kasper S.] CNRS, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600 Pessac, France. [Nehrkorn, Joscha; Schnegg, Alexander] Helmholtz Zentrum Mat & Energie, Inst Nanospektroskopie, Berlin Joint EPR Lab, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Holldack, Karsten] Helmholtz Zentrum Mat & Energie, Inst Methoden & Instrumente Forsch Synchrotronstr, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Bendix, Jesper] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Chem, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Sigrist, Marc; Mutka, Hannu] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Sigrist, Marc] Acad Sinica, Inst Chem, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nehrkorn, Joscha] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Clerac, R (reprint author), CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France.; Clerac, R (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France.; Long, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu; clerac@crpp-bordeaux.cnrs.fr RI Liu, Jun-Liang/D-1632-2011 OI Liu, Jun-Liang/0000-0002-5811-6300 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1464841]; CNRS (PICS) [06485]; University of Bordeaux; Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine; ANR; French Embassy in the US (Chateaubriand fellowship); GdR MCM-2; Sun Yat-Sen University (the International Program) [985]; Danish Research Council for Independent Research [409000201]; NSF [ECCS-1542152] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant CHE-1464841, the CNRS (PICS No. 06485), the University of Bordeaux, the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine, the ANR, the French Embassy in the US (Chateaubriand fellowship for X. F.), the GdR MCM-2 and Sun Yat-Sen University (the International Program of Project 985 for J.-L.L.). K.S.P. thanks the Danish Research Council for Independent Research for a DFF-Sapere Aude Research Talent grant (409000201). The low temperature crystal structure was collected at the Stanford Nano Shared Facilities (SNSF), supported by the NSF under award ECCS-1542152. We thank also Philip C. Bunting for helpful discussions. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 9 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2016 VL 52 IS 87 BP 12905 EP 12908 DI 10.1039/c6cc05473k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EB0HT UT WOS:000387025600027 PM 27739552 ER PT J AU Xiong, QG Kawamoto, H Wang, SR AF Xiong, Qingang Kawamoto, Haruo Wang, Shurong TI Recent Progress in Studies of Pyrolysis Chemistry and Kinetics SO CURRENT ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Xiong, Qingang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kawamoto, Haruo] Kyoto Univ, Dept Socioenvironm Energy Sci, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Wang, Shurong] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Clean Energy Utilizat, Hangzhou Shi, Zhejiang Sheng, Peoples R China. RP Xiong, QG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM qgxiong@126.com; kawamoto@energy.kyoto-u.ac.jp; srwang@zju.edu.cn RI Kawamoto, Haruo/C-9680-2017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1385-2728 EI 1875-5348 J9 CURR ORG CHEM JI Curr. Org. Chem. PY 2016 VL 20 IS 23 BP 2443 EP 2443 DI 10.2174/1385272820999160618093938 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA EA7GV UT WOS:000386799600001 ER PT J AU Lei, Z Rougier, E Knight, EE Frash, L Carey, JW Viswanathan, H AF Lei, Zhou Rougier, Esteban Knight, Earl E. Frash, Luke Carey, James William Viswanathan, Hari TI A non-locking composite tetrahedron element for the combined finite discrete element method SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE Combined finite-discrete method; Composite tetrahedron element; Incompressible elasticity; Multiplicative decomposition; Volumetric locking ID CONTACT DETECTION ALGORITHM; FORMULATION; SIMULATION; BODIES AB Purpose - In order to avoid the problem of volumetric locking often encountered when using constant strain tetrahedral finite elements, the purpose of this paper is to present a new composite tetrahedron element which is especially designed for the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM). Design/methodology/approach - A ten-noded composite tetrahedral (COMPTet) finite element, composed of eight four-noded low order tetrahedrons, has been implemented based on Munjiza's multiplicative decomposition approach. This approach naturally decomposes deformation into translation, rotation, plastic stretches, elastic stretches, volumetric stretches, shear stretches, etc. The problem of volumetric locking is avoided via a selective integration approach that allows for different constitutive components to be evaluated at different integration points. Findings - A number of validation cases considering different loading and boundary conditions and different materials for the proposed element are presented. A practical application of the use of the COMPTet finite element is presented by quantitative comparison of numerical model results against simple theoretical estimates and results from acrylic fracturing experiments. All of these examples clearly show the capability of the composite element in eliminating volumetric locking. Originality/value - For this tetrahedral element, the combination of "composite" and "low order sub-element" properties are good choices for FDEM dynamic fracture propagation simulations: in order to eliminate the volumetric locking, only the information from the sub-elements of the composite element are needed which is especially convenient for cases where re-meshing is necessary, and the low order sub-elements will enable robust contact interaction algorithms, which maintains both relatively high computational efficiency and accuracy. C1 [Lei, Zhou; Rougier, Esteban; Knight, Earl E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Frash, Luke; Carey, James William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth Syst Observat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Viswanathan, Hari] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lei, Z (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM zlei@lanl.gov OI Frash, Luke/0000-0002-5424-4698; Lei, Zhou/0000-0002-4965-5556; Knight, Earl/0000-0003-0461-0714 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program [200140002DR] FX The authors would like to thank the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program (No. 200140002DR) for the financial support. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 EI 1758-7077 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2016 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1929 EP 1956 DI 10.1108/EC-09-2015-0268 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA EA7EQ UT WOS:000386792700003 ER PT J AU Wu, T Kukkadapu, RK Griffin, AM Gorski, CA Konishi, H Xu, HF Roden, EE AF Wu, Tao Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Griffin, Aron M. Gorski, Christopher A. Konishi, Hiromi Xu, Huifang Roden, Eric E. TI Interactions Between Fe(III)-Oxides and Fe(III)-Phyllosilicates During Microbial Reduction 1: Synthetic Sediments SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Iron; phyllosilicate; oxide; microbial; reduction; Mossbauer ID CRYSTALLINE IRON(III) OXIDES; FE(II)-FE(III) ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ORGANIC-CARBON OXIDATION; ILLITE-SMECTITE MINERALS; CLAY-MINERALS; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; REDOX PROPERTIES; BIOGENIC FE(II); IRON REDUCTION AB Fe(III)-oxides and Fe(III)-bearing phyllosilicates are the two major iron sources utilized as electron acceptors by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) in anoxic soils and sediments. Although there have been many studies on microbial Fe(III)-oxide and Fe(III)-phyllosilicate reduction with both natural and specimen materials, no controlled experimental information is available on the interaction between these two phases when both are available for microbial reduction. In this study, the model DIRB Geobacter sulfurreducens was used to examine the pathways of Fe(III) reduction in Fe(III)-oxide stripped subsurface sediment that was coated with different amounts of synthetic high surface area (HSA) goethite. Cryogenic (12K) Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to determine changes in the relative abundances of Fe(III)-oxide, Fe(III)-phyllosilicate, and phyllosilicate-associated Fe(II) [Fe(II)-phyllosilicate] in bioreduced samples. Analogous Mossbauer analyses were performed on samples from abiotic Fe(II) sorption experiments in which sediments were exposed to a quantity of exogenous soluble Fe(II) (FeCl(2)2H(2)O) comparable to the amount of Fe(II) produced during microbial reduction. A Fe partitioning model was developed to analyze the fate of Fe(II) and assess the potential for abiotic Fe(II)-catalyzed reduction of Fe(III)-phyllosilicates. The microbial reduction experiments indicated that although reduction of Fe(III)-oxide accounted for virtually all of the observed bulk Fe(III) reduction activity, there was no significant abiotic electron transfer between oxide-derived Fe(II) and Fe(III)-phyllosilicatesilicates, with 26-87% of biogenic Fe(II) appearing as sorbed Fe(II) in the Fe(II)-phyllosilicate pool. In contrast, the abiotic Fe(II) sorption experiments showed that 41 and 24% of the added Fe(II) engaged in electron transfer to Fe(III)-phyllosilicate surfaces in synthetic goethite-coated and uncoated sediment. Differences in the rate of Fe(II) addition and system redox potential may account for the microbial and abiotic reaction systems. Our experiments provide new insight into pathways for Fe(III) reduction in mixed Fe(III)-oxide/Fe(III)-phyllosilicate assemblages, and provide key mechanistic insight for interpreting microbial reduction experiments and field data from complex natural soils and sediments. C1 [Wu, Tao; Konishi, Hiromi; Xu, Huifang; Roden, Eric E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kukkadapu, Ravi K.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Griffin, Aron M.; Gorski, Christopher A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Roden, EE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geosci, 1215 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eroden@geology.wisc.edu FU U.S. DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) [DE-FG02-06ER64184, ER64172-1027487-001191, DE-SC0001180]; SBR Scientific Focus Area (SFA) at the PNNL FX This research was funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), through grants DE-FG02-06ER64184 and ER64172-1027487-001191 from the Environmental Remediation Science Program, grant DE-SC0001180 from the Subsurface Biogeochemical Research Program, and the SBR Scientific Focus Area (SFA) at the PNNL. Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements were performed using the William Wiley EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE-OBER located at PNNL, Richland, WA, and at PSU. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2016 VL 33 IS 9 BP 793 EP 806 DI 10.1080/01490451.2015.1117546 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA EA7FE UT WOS:000386794500006 ER PT J AU Yuan, TT Jenkins, PM Foushee, AMD Jockheck-Clark, AR Stahl, JM AF Yuan, Tony T. Jenkins, Phillip M. Foushee, Ann Marie DiGeorge Jockheck-Clark, Angela R. Stahl, Jonathan M. TI Electrospun Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Potential Antibacterial Wound Dressing Applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); CHITOSAN; COMPATIBILITY; BLEND AB Electrospinning is a simple and versatile technique for the fabrication of nonwoven fibrous materials for biomedical applications. In the present study, chitosan (CS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully prepared using three different CS/PEO mass ratios and then evaluated for their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Scaffold morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed decreasing fiber diameters with increasing CS content. Higher CS concentrations also correlated with increased tensile strength and decreased elasticity of the scaffold. Degradation studies demonstrated that PEO was solubilized from the scaffold within the first six hours, followed by CS. This profile was unaffected by changes in the CS/PEO ratio or the pH of the media. Only the 2 : 1 CS/PEO scaffold demonstrated superior inhibition of both growth and attachment of Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, all scaffolds exhibited little impact on the proliferation of murine fibroblast monolayers. These data demonstrate that the 2 : 1 CS/PEO scaffold is a promising candidate for wound dressing applications due to its excellent antibacterial characteristics and biocompatibility. C1 [Yuan, Tony T.; Jenkins, Phillip M.; Foushee, Ann Marie DiGeorge; Jockheck-Clark, Angela R.; Stahl, Jonathan M.] Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, JBSA, 3650 Chambers Pass,Bldg 3610, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. [Yuan, Tony T.; Jenkins, Phillip M.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, 100 ORAU Way, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Yuan, Tony T.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biomed Engn, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Stahl, JM (reprint author), Naval Med Res Unit San Antonio, JBSA, 3650 Chambers Pass,Bldg 3610, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA. EM jonathan.m.stahl.mil@mail.mil FU Naval Medical Research Center's Advanced Medical Development Program [G1406] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Tao You of the US Army Institute of Surgical Research for his valuable contributions on the SEM studies. This work was funded by the Naval Medical Research Center's Advanced Medical Development Program supported by work unit number G1406. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-4110 EI 1687-4129 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2016 AR 6231040 DI 10.1155/2016/6231040 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA EA7NW UT WOS:000386819100001 ER PT J AU Pelzer, KM Darlin, SB AF Pelzer, Kenley M. Darlin, Seth B. TI Charge generation in organic photovoltaics: a review of theory and computation SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; HOT EXCITON DISSOCIATION; REFERENCED KOHN-SHAM; GENERALIZED-GRADIENT-APPROXIMATION; FRACTIONALLY OCCUPIED STATES; INTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; FREE-CARRIER GENERATION AB Due to their amenability to highly scalable fabrication and steadily improving efficiencies, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) offer great potential as an alternative to carbon-based fuel sources. With recently reported power conversion efficiencies of 11-12%, OPVs are on the brink of economic viability. However, to push these technologies forward into widespread use, further optimizations of efficiency are needed. The process of exciton dissociation and charge separation at donor/acceptor interfaces is a major factor influencing the power conversion efficiency of these devices, with loss of useful energy occurring if the charges fail to separate. However, this process of exciton dissociation and separation at OPV heterojunctions is not fully understood, and experimental efforts to optimize these processes via trial and error are costly. Thus, theoretical modeling plays a key role in understanding and improving the rate of charge generation in OPVs. Here we review key theoretical approaches to modeling the process of exciton dissociation and charge separation and their contributions to the challenge of optimizing OPV technology. C1 [Pelzer, Kenley M.; Darlin, Seth B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Darlin, Seth B.] Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Darlin, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Darlin, SB (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Inst Mol Engn, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM darling@anl.gov NR 282 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 13 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2058-9689 J9 MOL SYST DES ENG JI Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. PY 2016 VL 1 IS 1 BP 10 EP 24 DI 10.1039/c6me00005c PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EA4YE UT WOS:000386622100002 ER PT J AU Pepe, G Cole, JM Waddell, PG McKechnie, S AF Pepe, Giulio Cole, Jacqueline M. Waddell, Paul G. McKechnie, Scott TI Molecular engineering of cyanine dyes to design a panchromatic response in co-sensitized dye-sensitized solar cells SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BOND-LENGTH ALTERNATION; COUPLED-CLUSTER METHOD; METAL-FREE DYE; STABILIZATION ENERGY; ANCHORING GROUPS; ORGANIC-DYES; TIO2 FILMS; COSENSITIZATION; ADSORPTION; EFFICIENCY AB Cyanines are optically tunable dyes with high molar extinction coefficients, suitable for applications in co-sensitized dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs); yet, barely thus applied. This might be due to the lack of a rational molecular design strategy that efficiently exploits cyanine properties. This study computationally redesigns these dyes, to broaden their optical absorption spectrum and create dye center dot center dot center dot TiO2 binding and co-sensitization functionality. This is achieved via a stepwise molecular engineering approach. Firstly, the structural and optical properties of four parent dyes are experimentally and computationally investigated: 3,3'-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide, 3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide and 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide. Secondly, the molecules are theoretically modified and their energetics are analyzed and compared to the parent dyes. A dye center dot center dot center dot TiO2 anchoring group (carboxylic or cyanoacrylic acid), absent from the parent dyes, is chemically substituted at different molecular positions to investigate changes in optical absorption. We find that cyanoacrylic acid substitution at the para-quinoidal position affects the absorption wavelength of all parent dyes, with an optimal bathochromic shift of ca. 40 nm. The theoretical lengthening of the polymethine chain is also shown to effect dye absorption. Two molecularly engineered dyes are proposed as promising co-sensitizers. Corresponding dye center dot center dot center dot TiO2 adsorption energy calculations corroborate their applicability, demonstrating the potential of cyanine dyes in DSC research. C1 [Pepe, Giulio; Cole, Jacqueline M.; Waddell, Paul G.; McKechnie, Scott] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Cole, Jacqueline M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Waddell, Paul G.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Waddell, Paul G.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Chem, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. RP Cole, JM (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England.; Cole, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmc61@cam.ac.uk RI Cole, Jacqueline/C-5991-2008 NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2058-9689 J9 MOL SYST DES ENG JI Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. PY 2016 VL 1 IS 1 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1039/c6me00014b PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EA4YE UT WOS:000386622100008 ER PT J AU Braun, E Zurhelle, AF Thijssen, W Schnell, SK Lin, LC Kim, J Thompson, JA Smit, B AF Braun, Efrem Zurhelle, Alexander F. Thijssen, Wouter Schnell, Sondre K. Lin, Li-Chiang Kim, Jihan Thompson, Joshua A. Smit, Berend TI High-throughput computational screening of nanoporous adsorbents for CO2 capture from natural gas SO MOLECULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; CRYSTALLINE POROUS MATERIALS; CARBON-DIOXIDE SEPARATION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SWING ADSORPTION; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; PROCESS OPTIMIZATION; FLUE-GAS; ZEOLITES AB With the growth of natural gas as an energy source, upgrading CO2-contaminated supplies has become increasingly important. Here we develop a single metric that captures how well an adsorbent performs the separation of CH4 and CO2, and we then use this metric to computationally screen tens of thousands of allsilica zeolites. We show that the most important predictors of separation performance are the CO2 heat of adsorption (Q(st,CO2)) and the CO2 saturation loading capacity. We find that a higher-performing material results when the absolute value of the CH4 heat of adsorption (Q(st,CH4)) is decreased independently of Q(st,CO2), but a correlation that exists between Q(st,CH4) and Q(st,CO2) in all-silica zeolites leads to incongruity between the objectives of optimizing Q(st,CO2) and minimizing Q(st,CH4), rendering Q(st,CH4) nonpredictive of separation performance. We also conduct a large-scale analysis of ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) by comparing results obtained using directly-generated mixture isotherms to those obtained using IAST; IAST appears adequate for the purposes of establishing performance trends and structure-property relationships in a high-throughput manner, but it must be tested for validity when analyzing individual adsorbents in detail since it can produce significant errors for materials in which there is site segregation of the adsorbate species. C1 [Braun, Efrem; Zurhelle, Alexander F.; Thijssen, Wouter; Schnell, Sondre K.; Lin, Li-Chiang; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zurhelle, Alexander F.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Dept Chem, Templergraben 55, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Schnell, Sondre K.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Lin, Li-Chiang] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Proc & Energy, Leeghwaterstr 39, NL-2628 CB Delft, Netherlands. [Kim, Jihan] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, 291 Daehak Ro, Daejeon 305338, South Korea. [Thompson, Joshua A.] Chevron USA Inc, 100 Chevron Way, Richmond, CA 94801 USA. [Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smit, Berend] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smit, Berend] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ISIC, Rue Ind 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland. RP Smit, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Smit, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Smit, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Smit, B (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ISIC, Rue Ind 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland. EM berend-smit@berkeley.edu RI Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; Kim, Jihan/H-8002-2013; Zurhelle, Alexander/C-7316-2016; OI Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Zurhelle, Alexander/0000-0002-8179-9605; Braun, Efrem/0000-0001-5379-7031 NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 11 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2058-9689 J9 MOL SYST DES ENG JI Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. PY 2016 VL 1 IS 2 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1039/c6me00043f PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA EA4YS UT WOS:000386623700005 ER PT S AU Nesterov, AI Berman, GP de la Cruz, FA Zepeda, JCB AF Nesterov, Alexander I. Berman, Gennady P. Aceves de la Cruz, Fermin Beas Zepeda, Juan Carlos BE Bagarello, F Passante, R Trapani, C TI Non-Hermitian Quantum Annealing and Superradiance SO NON-HERMITIAN HAMILTONIANS IN QUANTUM PHYSICS SE Springer Proceedings in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Workshop on Pseuso-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics (PHHQP) CY MAY 18-23, 2015 CL Palermo, ITALY SP European Phys Soc, Societa Italiana Fisica, Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Matematica Informatica, Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Energia, Ingn Informazione Modelli Matematici, Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Fisica Chimica, Gruppo Nazl Analisi Matematica Probabilita loro Applicazioni, Ist Nazl Alta Matematica F Sever, Gruppo Nazl Fisica Matematica ID EXCEPTIONAL POINTS; TRANSITION; DEGENERACIES; EVOLUTION AB We consider the non-Hermitian quantum annealing (NQA) for a one-dimensional Ising spin chain, and for a large number of qubits. We show that the annealing time is significantly reduced for the non-Hermitian quantum algorithm in comparison with the Hermitian one. We optimize a performance of the NQA, and demonstrate the relation of the NQA with the superradiance transition in this system. C1 [Nesterov, Alexander I.; Aceves de la Cruz, Fermin; Beas Zepeda, Juan Carlos] Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, CUCEI, Av Revoluc 1500, Guadalajara 44420, Jalisco, Mexico. [Berman, Gennady P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Berman, Gennady P.] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Nesterov, AI (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Dept Fis, CUCEI, Av Revoluc 1500, Guadalajara 44420, Jalisco, Mexico. EM nesterov@cencar.udg.mx; gpb@lanl.gov; fermin771009@gmail.com; juancarlosbeas@gmail.com NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 978-3-319-31356-6; 978-3-319-31354-2 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2016 VL 184 BP 329 EP 344 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-31356-6_22 PG 16 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BG0WC UT WOS:000386536000022 ER PT S AU Xu, XY Guo, ZW Deng, D Tian, C AF Xu, Xiaoyang Guo, Zhongwen Deng, Daniel Tian, Chuan GP IEEE TI A Long-term Temperature and Depth Logger for Ocean Mooring System SO OCEANS 2016 - SHANGHAI SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS Conference CY APR 10-13, 2016 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Temperature and pressure logger; Mooring systems; Calibration; effective resolution AB Conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) are the most essential physical properties of sea water. CTD instrument is one of the most efficient approaches for collecting the accurate ocean information. However, traditional CTD instruments are not best suited for applications that require high resolution data by a large number of sensors because of their large size and high cost. This paper describes the design of a compact, high-accuracy, and low-cost temperature and depth (TD) logger for ocean mooring system. The noise floor of the TD logger was evaluated in lab for determining the logger measurement resolution. A specific calibration method was implemented for pressure transducer calibration to eliminate the thermal affect. The initial temperature accuracy of TD logger is +/- 0.002 degrees C and the pressure accuracy is +/- 0.05% of full scale. The effective resolution is 0.0001 degrees C and 0.001% full scale for temperature and pressure measurement, respectively. A 150-day off-shore experiment yielded 0.41 million temperature and pressure measurements that confirmed the stability of TD logger measurement. The correlation analysis revealed a maximum deviation of 0.2 degrees C and 0.8m compared to independent measurements. C1 [Xu, Xiaoyang; Guo, Zhongwen] Ocean Univ China, Coll Informat Sci & Engn, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Deng, Daniel; Tian, Chuan] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Tian, C (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Fredrick.xu@gmail.com; chuan.tian@pnnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4673-9724-7 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BG0TP UT WOS:000386521800098 ER PT J AU Catania, C Ajo-Franklin, CM Bazan, GC AF Catania, Chelsea Ajo-Franklin, Caroline M. Bazan, Guillermo C. TI Membrane permeabilization by conjugated oligoelectrolytes accelerates whole-cell catalysis SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID BETA-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; COLI ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTER-MEMBRANE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; PHOTOCURRENT GENERATION; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AB Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) boost the electrical performance of a wide range of bioelectrochemical systems, yet their mechanismof action remains incompletely understood. One possiblemode of action is that COEs permeabilize the cell envelope. We thus examined the effect of tetracationic COE, DSSN+, on the permeability of the inner and outer membrane of Escherichia coli by detecting extracellular activity of normally periplasmic and cytoplasmic enzymes. DSSN+ increases the release of the periplasmic enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) up to 20-fold, but does not significantly change the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme beta-galactosidase. Additionally, DSSN+ caused a 2-fold increase in the turnover of a cytoplasmic substrate. These studies present a more complete understanding of the mechanism of action in bioelectrochemical systems and pivot future applications of COEs towards a method for improving whole-cell catalysis. C1 [Catania, Chelsea] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ajo-Franklin, Caroline M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mail Stop 67R5115, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ajo-Franklin, Caroline M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Synthet Biol Inst, 1 Cyclotron Rd Mail Stop 67R5115, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bazan, Guillermo C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Bazan, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Polymers & Organ Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM bazan@chem.ucsb.edu FU Institute of Collaborative Biotechnologies through the U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-09-0001]; National Science Foundation [DGE 1144085]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Institute of Collaborative Biotechnologies through grant W911NF-09-0001 from the U.S. Army Research Office. This material was based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE 1144085. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 9 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2016 VL 6 IS 102 BP 100300 EP 100306 DI 10.1039/c6ra23083k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EA2QP UT WOS:000386439800082 ER PT J AU Toftum, J Baxter, V AF Toftum, Jorn Baxter, Van TI Nearly-zero energy buildings SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Toftum, Jorn] Tech Univ Denmark, Int Ctr Indoor Environm & Energy, Dept Civil Engn, Lyngby, Denmark. [Baxter, Van] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg Equipment Res Grp, Bldg Technol Res & Integrat Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Toftum, J (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Int Ctr Indoor Environm & Energy, Dept Civil Engn, Lyngby, Denmark. RI Toftum, Jorn/B-4670-2017 OI Toftum, Jorn/0000-0001-7697-7617 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2374-4731 EI 2374-474X J9 SCI TECHNOL BUILT EN JI Sci. Technol. Built Environ. PY 2016 VL 22 IS 7 SI SI BP 883 EP 884 DI 10.1080/23744731.2016.1217137 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA EA5IW UT WOS:000386654200001 ER PT J AU Carlberg, K Forstall, V Tuminaro, R AF Carlberg, Kevin Forstall, Virginia Tuminaro, Ray TI KRYLOV-SUBSPACE RECYCLING VIA THE POD-AUGMENTED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT METHOD SO SIAM JOURNAL ON MATRIX ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Krylov-subspace recycling; proper orthogonal decomposition; augmented Krylov methods; model reduction; conjugate-gradient method ID PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION; RELATIVE PERTURBATION BOUNDS; NONLINEAR MODEL-REDUCTION; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; INVARIANT SUBSPACES; COHERENT STRUCTURES; TURBULENT FLOWS; DYNAMICS; MATRICES; ALGORITHM AB This work presents a new Krylov-subspace-recycling method for efficiently solving sequences of linear systems of equations characterized by varying right-hand sides and symmetric positive-definite matrices. As opposed to typical truncation strategies used in recycling such as deflation, we propose a truncation method inspired by goal-oriented proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) from model reduction. This idea is based on the observation that model reduction aims to compute a low-dimensional subspace that contains an accurate solution; as such, we expect the proposed method to generate a low-dimensional subspace that is well suited for computing solutions that can satisfy inexact tolerances. In particular, we propose specific goal-oriented POD "ingredients" that align the optimality properties of POD with the objective of Krylov-subspace recycling. To compute solutions in the resulting "augmented" POD subspace, we propose a hybrid direct/iterative three-stage method that leverages (1) the optimal ordering of POD basis vectors, and (2) well-conditioned reduced matrices. Numerical experiments performed on solid-mechanics problems highlight the benefits of the proposed method over existing approaches for Krylov-subspace recycling. C1 [Carlberg, Kevin; Tuminaro, Ray] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Forstall, Virginia] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Carlberg, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ktcarlb@sandia.gov; vhfors@gmail.com; rstumin@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research Applied Mathematics Research program; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Advanced Scientific Computing Research Applied Mathematics Research program. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of any of these institutions, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4798 EI 1095-7162 J9 SIAM J MATRIX ANAL A JI SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. PY 2016 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1304 EP 1336 DI 10.1137/16M1057693 PG 33 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA EA2US UT WOS:000386451400022 ER PT J AU Feng, T Hoagland, DA Russell, TP AF Feng, Tao Hoagland, David A. Russell, Thomas P. TI Interfacial rheology of polymer/carbon nanotube films co-assembled at the oil/water interface SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID FAST WATER TRANSPORT; CARBON NANOTUBES; HEXADECANE/WATER INTERFACE; LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACE; FLEXIBLE PROTEINS; GRAPHENE OXIDE; NANOPARTICLE; MEMBRANES; VISCOELASTICITY; PARTICLES AB At appropriate conditions, water-dispersed acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) co-assemble at the oil/water interface with toluene-dissolved amine-terminated polystyrene (PS-NH2) to form composite thin films displaying pronounced interfacial viscoelasticity. To probe this viscoelasticity, the films were examined under dilatational deformations of pendant drop tensiometry/rheometry, with storage and loss moduli recorded against frequency omega (0.003 < omega < 3 Hz) and time-dependent relaxation modulus recorded against time t (0.2 < t < 2000 s). Without the SWCNTs, PS-NH2-decorated interfaces have little dilatational stiffness, i.e., low storage modulus, but their stiffness grows as SWCNTs are added, reaching 50-100 mN m(-1) at large omega. Two characteristic relaxation processes are identified in the composite films: a fast process (omega similar to 0.1-0.2 Hz) attributable to local structural relaxation of confined PS-NH2 and a slow process (t similar to 300-2000 s) attributable to component adsorption/desorption (or attachment/detachment). Among the variables that affect positions and strengths of these relaxations are SWCNT and PS-NH2 bulk concentrations as well as water phase pH. In frequency or timescale ranges intermediate between the two relaxations, the co-assembled films display "soft-glass'' behavior, with the storage and loss moduli characterized by nearly equal power-law exponents. The relaxation modulus, better able to probe terminal behavior, eventually decays to zero, revealing that the films are fundamentally fluid-like due to the slow relaxation, and in support of this conclusion, large strain compression-induced film wrinkles disappear at large t. C1 [Feng, Tao; Hoagland, David A.; Russell, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Russell, Thomas P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Russell, Thomas P.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Hoagland, DA; Russell, TP (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.; Russell, TP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Russell, TP (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Aoba Ku, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM hoagland@mail.pse.umass.edu; russell@mail.pse.umass.edu FU University of Massachusetts Materials Science and Engineering Center [MRSEC DMR-0820506]; LDRD at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX The University of Massachusetts Materials Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC DMR-0820506) partially funded T. F. as well as the Shared Experimental Facilities that were used in conducting the research. TPR received partial support from LDRD at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 19 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2016 VL 12 IS 42 BP 8701 EP 8709 DI 10.1039/c6sm00466k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA EA9LZ UT WOS:000386966900007 PM 27714333 ER PT S AU Pattison, PM Tsao, JY Krames, MR AF Pattison, P. M. Tsao, J. Y. Krames, M. R. BE Currey, CJ Lopez, RG Runkle, ES TI Light-emitting diode technology status and directions: opportunities for horticultural lighting SO VIII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT IN HORTICULTURE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Light in Horticulture CY MAY 22-26, 2016 CL East Lansing, MI SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE LEDs; solid-state lighting; plant biology and environment co-evolution; chromaticity; light distribution; intelligent control ID EFFICIENCY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEDS AB Light-emitting diode (LED) technology has advanced rapidly over the last decade, primarily driven by display and general illumination applications ("solid-state lighting (SSL) for humans"). These advancements have made LED lighting technically and economically advantageous not only for these applications, but also, as an indirect benefit, for adjacent applications such as horticultural lighting ("SSL for plants"). Moreover, LED technology has much room for continued improvement. In the near-term, these improvements will continue to be driven by SSL for humans (with indirect benefit to SSL for plants), the most important of which can be anticipated to be: expanded chromaticity range and control; higher efficiency at higher current densities; improvements in reliability; intelligent control of chromaticity and intensity; and decreased cost of light. In the long-term, additional improvements may be driven directly by SSL for plants, the most important of which can be anticipated to be: even further expanded chromaticity range and control; and control over the light intensity distribution in space and time. One can even anticipate that plants and artificial lighting (as well as other aspects of a plant's environment) will ultimately co-evolve, with plants evolving to thrive in artificial lighting environments, and artificial lighting environments evolving to best serve plants. C1 [Pattison, P. M.] US DOE, Solid State Lighting Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Tsao, J. Y.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Krames, M. R.] Arkesso, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Pattison, PM (reprint author), US DOE, Solid State Lighting Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM morgan@sslsinc.com NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-94-62611-09-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2016 VL 1134 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1134.53 PG 13 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BG0MF UT WOS:000386327100053 ER PT S AU Flores, JGF Huang, YJ Li, Y Wang, D Goldberg, N Zheng, JJ Yu, MB Lu, M Kutzer, M Rogers, D Kwong, DL Churchill, L Wong, CW AF Flores, Jaime Gonzalo Flor Huang, Yongjun Li, Ying Wang, Di Goldberg, Noam Zheng, Jiangjun Yu, Mingbin Lu, Ming Kutzer, M. Rogers, Daniel Kwong, D. -L. Churchill, Layne Wong, Chee Wei GP IEEE TI A CMOS-compatible oscillation-mode optomechanical DC accelerometer at 730-ng/Hz(1/2) resolution SO 2016 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INERTIAL SENSORS AND SYSTEMS SE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems CY FEB 22-25, 2016 CL Laguna Beach, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council, Coventor, Systron Donner Inertial, KVH, Innalabs, Mems Journal DE Optomechanics; Radio frequency photonics; Accelerometer; Photonic Crystal ID MICROMACHINED TUNNELING ACCELEROMETER; PRECISION AB Here we present an optomechanical accelerometer with DC resolution at 730ng/Hz(1/2) that when driven into sustained-oscillation mode, the slot photonic crystal cavity provides a radio-frequency (RF) readout of the optically-driven transduction with an enhanced sensitivity of 196 ng/Hz of RF shift. This advanced sensitivity as well as the solid-state room-temperature silicon architecture make the DC accelerometer robust for portability and field deployment. C1 [Flores, Jaime Gonzalo Flor; Huang, Yongjun; Wong, Chee Wei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mesoscop Opt & Quantum Elect Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Huang, Yongjun; Li, Ying; Wang, Di; Goldberg, Noam; Zheng, Jiangjun; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Huang, Yongjun] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Commun & Informat Engn, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Yu, Mingbin; Kwong, D. -L.] ASTAR, Inst Microelect, Singapore 117865, Singapore. [Lu, Ming] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kutzer, M.; Rogers, Daniel; Churchill, Layne] Johns Hopkins Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Flores, JGF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Mesoscop Opt & Quantum Elect Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jflorflores@g.ucla.edu; cheewei.wong@ucla.edu RI Huang, Yongjun/D-6724-2012 OI Huang, Yongjun/0000-0002-5069-6451 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2377-3464 BN 978-1-4673-6939-8 J9 INT SYMP INERT SENSO PY 2016 BP 125 EP 127 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0KP UT WOS:000386312200034 ER PT S AU Chang, CY Zhang, W Lian, JM AF Chang, Chin-Yao Zhang, Wei Lian, Jianming GP IEEE TI Poster Abstract: A Unified Distributed Control Framework for Inverter-based Islanded Microgrid SO 2016 ACM/IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (ICCPS) SE ACM-IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ACM, IEEE C1 [Chang, Chin-Yao; Zhang, Wei] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lian, Jianming] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Chang, CY (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM chang.981@osu.edu; zhang.491@osu.edu; jianming.lian@pnnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-8317 BN 978-1-5090-1772-0 J9 ACM IEEE INT CONF CY PY 2016 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0MO UT WOS:000386348200025 ER PT S AU Dobbe, R Arnold, D Liu, S Callaway, D Tomlin, C AF Dobbe, Roel Arnold, Daniel Liu, Stephan Callaway, Duncan Tomlin, Claire GP IEEE TI Real-Time Distribution Grid State Estimation with Limited Sensors and Load Forecasting SO 2016 ACM/IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (ICCPS) SE ACM-IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACM/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS) CY APR 11-14, 2016 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP ACM, IEEE AB High penetration levels of distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicles (EVs) diversify power flow and bring uncertainty to distribution networks, making planning and control more involved for distribution system operators (DSOs). The increased risk of constraint violation triggers the need to augment forecasts with real-time state estimation. This is economically and technically challenging since it requires investing in a large number of sensors and these have to communicate with often older and slower supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. We address distribution grid state estimation via combining only a limited set of sensors with load forecast information. It revisits open problems in a recent paper that proposes a Bayesian estimation scheme. We derive the estimator for balanced power networks via rigorous modeling. An off-line analysis of load aggregation, forecast accuracy and number of sensors provides concrete engineering trade-offs to determine the optimal number of sensors for a desired accuracy. This estimation procedure can be used in real time as an observer for control problems or off-line for planning purposes to asses the effect of DG or EVs on specific network components. C1 [Dobbe, Roel; Liu, Stephan; Tomlin, Claire] Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arnold, Daniel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Grid Integrat Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. [Callaway, Duncan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Dobbe, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dobbe@berkeley.edu; dbarnold@lbl.gov; stephan.x.liu@berkeley.edu; dcal@berkeley.edu; tomlin@eecs.berkeley.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-8317 BN 978-1-5090-1772-0 J9 ACM IEEE INT CONF CY PY 2016 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0MO UT WOS:000386348200030 ER PT S AU Lall, P Sakalaukus, P Davis, L AF Lall, Pradeep Sakalaukus, Peter Davis, Lynn GP IEEE Computer Soc TI Improvements to the IES TM-28-14 Lumen Maintenance Standard: A Generalized Acceleration Factor Approach for Solid-State Lighting SO 2016 IEEE 66TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 66th IEEE Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 2016 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc AB An SSL luminaire' s lifetime is characterized in terms of lumen maintenance life. Lumen maintenance or lumen depreciation is the percentage decrease in the relative luminous flux from that of the original, pristine luminous flux value. Lumen maintenance life is the estimated operating time, in hours, when the desired failure threshold is projected to be reached at normal operating conditions. The accepted failure threshold of SSL luminaires is lumen maintenance of 70%-- a 30% reduction in the light output of the luminaire. Currently, the only industry accepted standard used to estimate the time to failure of an SSL luminaire, called L70, is the IES TM-28-14 (TM28) projection standard. TM28 utilizes the Arrhenius equation to determine SSL device specific reaction rates from thermally driven failure mechanisms used to characterize a single failure mode the relative change in the luminous flux output or "light power" of the SSL luminaire. TM28 requires a minimum of 3000 hours of testing with a recommended 500 hour sampling period and necessitates two different temperature conditions, 25 degrees C and 45 degrees C are suggested, to determine the SSL lamp specific activation energy. One principal issue with TM28 is the lack of additional stresses or parameters needed to characterize non-temperature dependent failure mechanisms. Another principal issue with TM28 assumes one particular failure mode, lumen depreciation, adequately describes the failure of SSL luminaires. Additionally, TM28 is SSL luminaire specific for acceleration factors or lifetime estimations and is time intensive. The deficiencies in TM28 validate the need behind the development of acceleration techniques to quantify SSL reliability under a variety of environmental conditions. The methodologies developed in this work utilizes degradation data of SSL lamps under a variety of accelerated test conditions for the development of a novel generalized acceleration factor model for use with any SSL lamp. This will greatly reduce the time and effort needed to produce SSL acceleration factors for the future development of accurate lifetime predictions. C1 [Lall, Pradeep] Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sakalaukus, Peter] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Davis, Lynn] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lall, P (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, NSF Elect Res Ctr CAVE3, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM lall@auburn.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-5090-1204-6 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2016 BP 1342 EP 1351 DI 10.1109/ECTC.2016.273 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0BA UT WOS:000386103500197 ER PT S AU Haddadin, T Laraway, SA Majid, A Sibbett, T Wasden, DL Lo, BF Landon, L Couch, D Moradi, H Farhang-Boroujeny, B AF Haddadin, Tarek Laraway, Stephen Andrew Majid, Arslan Sibbett, Taylor Wasden, Daryl Leon Lo, Brandon F. Landon, Lloyd Couch, David Moradi, Hussein Farhang-Boroujeny, Behrouz GP IEEE TI An Underlay Communication Channel for 5G Cognitive Mesh Networks: Packet Design, Implementation, Analysis, and Experimental Results SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOPS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY MAY 23-27, 2016 CL Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA SP IEEE AB This paper proposes and presents the design and implementation of an underlay communication channel (UCC) for 5G cognitive mesh networks. The UCC builds its waveform based on filter bank multicarrier spread spectrum (FB-MC-SS) signaling. The use of this novel spread spectrum signaling allows the device-to-device (D2D) user equipments (UEs) to communicate at a level well below noise temperature and hence, minimize taxation on macro-cell/small-cell base stations and their UEs in 5G wireless systems. Moreover, the use of filter banks allows us to avoid those portions of the spectrum that are in use by macro-cell and small-cell users. Hence, both D2D-to-cellular and cellular-to-D2D interference will be very close to none. We propose a specific packet for UCC and develop algorithms for packet detection, timing acquisition and tracking, as well as channel estimation and equalization. We also present the detail of an implementation of the proposed transceiver on a software radio platform and compare our experimental results with those from a theoretical analysis of our packet detection algorithm. C1 [Haddadin, Tarek; Laraway, Stephen Andrew; Majid, Arslan; Sibbett, Taylor; Farhang-Boroujeny, Behrouz] Univ Utah, ECE Dept, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Wasden, Daryl Leon] Colmek Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84104 USA. [Lo, Brandon F.; Landon, Lloyd; Couch, David; Moradi, Hussein] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Haddadin, T (reprint author), Univ Utah, ECE Dept, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-7038 BN 978-1-5090-0448-5 J9 IEEE INT CONF COMM PY 2016 BP 498 EP 504 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MC UT WOS:000386326800083 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE Nichols, KE Potter, JM AF Carlsten, Bruce E. Nichols, Kimberley E. Potter, James M. GP IEEE TI Stability of a Bi-Resonant Klynac SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE RF source; klystron; linear accelerator AB We have built the first-ever klynac, consisting of a klystron and linac combined into a single integrated structure using a single electron beam. This device has two resonant circuits, one for the klystron input and gain section, and one for the klystron output cavity and linac section. Here we describe this device's stability properties driven by its resonant properties. C1 [Carlsten, Bruce E.; Nichols, Kimberley E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Potter, James M.] JP Accelerator Works, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700029 ER PT J AU Green, A Panuganti, H Figora, M Shin, YM AF Green, A. Panuganti, H. Figora, M. Shin, Y. M. GP IEEE TI Commissioning Test of S-Band Klystron/Photo-Gun System for Femto-Second Sub-MeV Electron Beam R&D SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE S-band; klystron; femto-second; photo-gun AB A timely stable femto-second electron beam system is being constructed for pump-probe time-resolved experiments and applications. A pulsed S-band klystron is installed and fully commissioned with 5.5 MW peak power in alpha 2.5 mu s pulse length and 1 Hz repetition rate. A single-cell RF photo-gun is designed to produce with 0.16 - 1.6 pC electron bunches in a photo-emission mode within a 600 fs - 3 ps at 0.5 - 1 MeV. The measured RF system jitters are within +/- 1 % in magnitude and +/- 0.2 degrees in phase, which would induce 3.4 keV and 0.25 keV of Delta E-g, corresponding to 80 fs and 5 fs of Delta t(e), respectively. The beam brightness could be improved by replacing a conventional photo-cathode with field emission array or carbon nanotube tips as they limit the emission area, while providing high current emission. PIC simulations indicate that our designed bunch compressor reduces the TOA-jitter by about an order of magnitude. The transport and focusing optics of the designed beamline with the bunch compressor enables an energy spread within 10(-4) and a bunch length (electron probe) within < 50 - 100 fs. C1 [Green, A.] Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Green, A (reprint author), Northern Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700030 ER PT J AU Makarova, OV Divan, R Tucek, J Kreischer, K Tang, CM AF Makarova, Olga V. Divan, Ralu Tucek, John Kreischer, Kenneth Tang, Cha-Mei GP IEEE TI Fabrication of Solid Copper Two-level Waveguide Circuits for a THz Radar System by UV Lithography SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE folded waveguide circuit; SU-8; UV lithography; LIGA; THz Electronics; 0.67 THz waveguide AB The availability of reliable, compact source operating at 0.67 THz will have a significant impact on a variety of defense applications such as high data-rate communication, high resolution imaging in inclement conditions, and radar. As frequency increases, waveguide feature structure dimensions and tolerances decrease. Submicron precision and surface finish are needed in order to achieve the required power performance of the circuits. Thermal management of high radiation power is needed for stabile continuous operation, which can only be achieved with an all-copper structure for the waveguide. We report the fabrication of solid copper two-level folded waveguide circuits. The fabrication method is based on UV-lithography using copper plate as a substrate for SU-8 resist, followed by copper electroforming. C1 [Makarova, Olga V.] Creatv MicroTech Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Divan, Ralu] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tucek, John; Kreischer, Kenneth] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008 USA. [Tang, Cha-Mei] Creatv MicroTech Inc, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. RP Makarova, OV (reprint author), Creatv MicroTech Inc, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700210 ER PT J AU Read, M Ives, RL Bui, T Pasquinelli, R Chase, B Walker, C Conant, J AF Read, Michael Ives, R. Lawrence Thuc Bui Pasquinelli, Ralph Chase, Brian Walker, Chris Conant, Jeff GP IEEE TI Advanced, Phase-Locked, 100 kW, 1.3 GHz Magnetron SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE magnetron; accelerator; phase-lock; RF system AB Calabazas Creek Research, Inc., in collaboration with Fermilab and Communications & Power Industries, LLC. (CPI), is developing a phase locked, 100 kW peak, 10 kW average magnetron-based RF system for driving accelerators. Phase locking will be achieved using an approach originating at Fermilab [1] that includes control of both amplitude and phase on a fast time scale. C1 [Read, Michael; Ives, R. Lawrence; Thuc Bui] Calabazas Creek Res Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94404 USA. [Pasquinelli, Ralph; Chase, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Walker, Chris; Conant, Jeff] Commun & Power Ind LLC, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Read, M (reprint author), Calabazas Creek Res Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94404 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700071 ER PT J AU Simakov, EI Carsten, BE Fierro, F Krawczyk, FL Nichols, K Oertel, JA Schmidt, DW Shchegolkov, DY AF Simakov, Evgenya I. Carsten, Bruce E. Fierro, Franklin Krawczyk, Frank L. Nichols, Kimberley Oertel, John A. Schmidt, Derek W. Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu. GP IEEE TI Fabrication of Ceramic Structures for MM-Wave Traveling Wave Tubes SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE mm-waves; traveling-wave tube; sheet beam; ceramic structures AB We present the results of our investigations of fabrication technologies for ceramic photonic band gap (PBG) structures for mm-wave traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). There is a need for a high-bandwidth, high output power TWT operating at relatively low electron-beam voltages (20 keV). The key advance needed for this technology is the development of a novel high-frequency TWT structure. We proposed to put together a TWT with a sheet electron beam in an elliptical wide-bandwidth dielectric RF structure. PBG structures can be designed to be mode-selective and enable the required wide bandwidth and output power for the TWT. We conducted a feasibility study on fabrication of dielectric PBG structures in a high-epsilon ceramic material, designed suitable RF structure, drilled holes in high-dielectric ceramic blanks, measured them and studied the effect of hole's size variations and misalignments on the RF mode. C1 [Simakov, Evgenya I.; Carsten, Bruce E.; Fierro, Franklin; Krawczyk, Frank L.; Nichols, Kimberley; Oertel, John A.; Schmidt, Derek W.; Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Simakov, EI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700086 ER PT J AU Wang, HP Plawski, T Rimmer, RA Neubauer, M Dudas, A AF Wang, Haipeng Plawski, Tomasz Rimmer, Robert A. Neubauer, Mike Dudas, Alan GP IEEE TI Simulation and Experimental Studies of a 2.45GHz Magnetron Source for an SRF Cavity with Field Amplitude and Phase Controls SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE magnetron; phase-locked; frequency-locked; amplitude modulated; srf; power source AB As a drop-in replacement for the CEBAF 8kW CW klysfron system, A 1497 MHz, CW type high- efficiency magnefron using injection phase lock with amplitude variation is attractive. Amplitude control using magnetic field trimming and anode voltage modulation has been studied using MatLab/Simulink simulations [1]. Along with a magnetron we are planning to use an FPGA based digital LLRF system, which allows to apply various types of control algorithms in order to achieve the required accelerating field stability. Since the 1497MHz magnefron has not yet been built, the proof of principle measurements of a typical 2450MHz commercial magnefron are made to characterize the anode I-V curve, output power (the tube electronic efficiency), frequency dependence on the anode current (frequency pushing) and the Rieke diagram (frequency pulling by the reactive load). In the Simulink simulation, extension of the Adler equation governing injection phase stability by Chen 's model is included. The results of the linear response to the amplitude and phase control of an SRF cavity, and the specification of the new LLRF control chassis for both 2450 and 1497MHz systems will be presented in this paper. C1 [Wang, Haipeng; Plawski, Tomasz; Rimmer, Robert A.] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Neubauer, Mike; Dudas, Alan] Muons Inc, 552 N Batavia Ave, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wang, HP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM haipeng@jlab.org NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700234 ER PT J AU Wong, P Chernin, D Zhang, P Dong, CF Lau, YY Hoff, BW Simon, DH Greening, G Gilgenbach, RM AF Wong, Patrick Chernin, David Zhang, Peng Dong, C. F. Lau, Y. Y. Hoff, Brad W. Simon, David. H. Greening, Geoff Gilgenbach, Ronald M. GP IEEE TI Harmonic Generation Under Small Signal Conditions in a Traveling Wave Tube SO 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (IVEC) SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC) CY APR 19-21, 2016 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, Army Res Off, L 3, Electron Energy Corp, Ceradyne Inc, Appl Phys Technologies, Colorado Power Elect, Lockheed Martin, Commun & Power Ind, Leidos, Northrop Grumman, SSL, Teledyne Microwave Solut, Raytheon, Bridge 12, Beam Wave Res Inc, CBL Ceram Ltd, CST Amer Inc, HRC, e beam Incorporated, SMI, Tech X DE TWT; harmonic generation; nonlinearity AB In a klystron, charge overtaking of electrons leads to an infinity of AC current. The harmonic content therein can be calculated exactly, with or without space charge effects. This paper extends the klystron theory to a traveling wave tube (TWT). We assume that the electron motion is described by linear theory. The crowding of these linear orbits may lead to harmonic generation, as in a klystron. We calculate the buildup of harmonic content as a function of distance from the input, and compare these analytic results with the CHRISTINE code. Reasonable agreement was found. A dimensionless "bunching parameter" for TWT, X = root 2P(in) / (PbC), is identified, which characterizes the harmonic content in the AC current, where Pin is the power of the input signal, P-b is the DC beam power, and C is Pierce's gain parameter. C1 [Wong, Patrick; Zhang, Peng; Lau, Y. Y.; Simon, David. H.; Greening, Geoff; Gilgenbach, Ronald M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chernin, David] Leidos Corp, Reston, VA 20190 USA. [Dong, C. F.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Hoff, Brad W.] Air Force Res Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. RP Lau, YY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yylau@umich.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-9217-4 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2016 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG0DO UT WOS:000386185700069 ER PT S AU Preston, A Ghods, R Xie, J Sauer, F Leaf, N Ma, KL Rangel, E Kovacs, E Heitmann, K Habib, S AF Preston, Annie Ghods, Ramyar Xie, Jinrong Sauer, Franz Leaf, Nick Ma, Kwan-Liu Rangel, Esteban Kovacs, Eve Heitmann, Katrin Habib, Salman BE Hansen, C Viola, I Yuan, X TI An Integrated Visualization System for Interactive Analysis of Large, Heterogeneous Cosmology Data SO 2016 IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM (PACIFICVIS) SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (IEEE PacificVis) CY APR 19-22, 2016 CL Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, Bosch Res N Amer, Alibaba Secur, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci HO Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol DE I.6.4 [Simulation and Modeling]: Simulation Output Analysis; J.2 [Physical Sciences and Engineering]: Astronomy ID HALO-FINDER; SIMULATIONS AB Cosmological simulations produce a multitude of data types whose large scale makes them difficult to thoroughly explore in an interactive setting. One aspect of particular interest to scientists is the evolution of groups of dark matter particles, or "halos," described by merger trees. However, in order to fully understand subtleties in the merger trees, other data types derived from the simulation must be incorporated as well. In this work, we develop a novel interactive linked-view visualization system that focuses on simultaneously exploring dark matter halos, their hierarchical evolution, corresponding particle data, and other quantitative information. We employ a parallel remote renderer and a local merger tree selection tool so that users can analyze large data sets interactively. This allows scientists to assess their simulation code, understand inconsistencies in extracted data, and intuitively understand simulation behavior on all scales. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through a set of case studies on large-scale cosmological data from the HACC (Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code) simulation framework. C1 [Preston, Annie; Ghods, Ramyar; Xie, Jinrong; Sauer, Franz; Leaf, Nick; Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rangel, Esteban] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kovacs, Eve; Heitmann, Katrin; Habib, Salman] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Preston, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM apreston@ucdavis.edu; rghods@ucdavis.edu; jrxie@ucdavis.edu; fasauer@ucdavis.edu; njleaf@ucdavis.edu; klma@ucdavis.edu; steverangel@gmail.com; kovacs@anl.gov; heitmann@anl.gov; habib@anl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-5090-1451-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2016 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0DK UT WOS:000386185000007 ER PT S AU Shu, QY Guo, HQ Liang, J Che, LM Liu, JF Yuan, XR AF Shu, Qingya Guo, Hanqi Liang, Jie Che, Limei Liu, Junfeng Yuan, Xiaoru BE Hansen, C Viola, I Yuan, X TI EnsembleGraph: Interactive Visual Analysis of Spatiotemporal Behaviors in Ensemble Simulation Data SO 2016 IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM (PACIFICVIS) SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (IEEE PacificVis) CY APR 19-22, 2016 CL Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, Bosch Res N Amer, Alibaba Secur, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci HO Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol DE ensemble simulation; graph visualization ID UNCERTAINTY; VISUALIZATION; MODEL; EXPLORATION; FEATURES; GRAPH; TOOL AB This paper presents a novel visual analysis tool, EnsembleGraph, which aims at helping scientists understand spatiotemporal similarities across runs in time-varying ensemble simulation data. We abstract the input data into a graph, where each node represents a region with similar behaviors across runs and nodes in adjacent time frames are linked if their regions overlap spatially. The visualization of this graph, combined with multiple-linked views showing details, enables users to explore, select, and compare the extracted regions that have similar behaviors. The driving application of this paper is the study of regional emission influences over tropospheric ozone, based on the ensemble simulations conducted with different anthropogenic emission absences using MOZART-4. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by visualizing the MOZART-4 ensemble simulation data and evaluating the relative regional emission influences on tropospheric ozone concentrations. C1 [Shu, Qingya; Liang, Jie; Che, Limei; Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Key Lab Machine Percept, Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Shu, Qingya; Liang, Jie; Che, Limei; Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Sch EECS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Beijing Engn Technol Res Ctr Virtual Simulat & Vi, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Guo, Hanqi] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Lemont, IL USA. [Liu, Junfeng] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Che, Limei] Baidu Inc, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yuan, XR (reprint author), Peking Univ, Key Lab Machine Percept, Minist Educ, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Yuan, XR (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch EECS, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Yuan, XR (reprint author), Peking Univ, Beijing Engn Technol Res Ctr Virtual Simulat & Vi, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM qingya.shu@pku.edu.cn; hguo@anl.gov; jie.liang@pku.edu.cn; limei.che@pku.edu.cn; junfeng.liu@pku.edu.cn; xiaoru.yuan@pku.edu.cn NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-5090-1451-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2016 BP 56 EP 63 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0DK UT WOS:000386185000008 ER PT S AU Maljovec, D Wang, B Rosen, P Alfonsi, A Pastore, G Rabiti, C Pascucci, V AF Maljovec, Dan Wang, Bei Rosen, Paul Alfonsi, Andrea Pastore, Giovanni Rabiti, Cristian Pascucci, Valerio BE Hansen, C Viola, I Yuan, X TI Rethinking Sensitivity Analysis of Nuclear Simulations with Topology SO 2016 IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM (PACIFICVIS) SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (IEEE PacificVis) CY APR 19-22, 2016 CL Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, Bosch Res N Amer, Alibaba Secur, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci HO Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol DE Sensitivity analysis; uncertainty; nuclear simulation; computational topology ID REGRESSION TREES; UNCERTAINTY; BEHAVIOR AB In nuclear engineering, understanding the safety margins of the nuclear reactor via simulations is arguably of paramount importance in predicting and preventing nuclear accidents. It is therefore crucial to perform sensitivity analysis to understand how changes in the model inputs affect the outputs. Modern nuclear simulation tools rely on numerical representations of the sensitivity information - inherently lacking in visual encodings - offering limited effectiveness in communicating and exploring the generated data. In this paper, we design a framework for sensitivity analysis and visualization of multidimensional nuclear simulation data using partition-based, topology-inspired regression models and report on its efficacy. We rely on the established Morse-Smale regression technique, which allows us to partition the domain into monotonic regions where easily interpretable linear models can be used to assess the influence of inputs on the output variability. The underlying computation is augmented with an intuitive and interactive visual design to effectively communicate sensitivity information to nuclear scientists. Our framework is being deployed into the multipurpose probabilistic risk assessment and uncertainty quantification framework RAVEN (Reactor Analysis and Virtual Control Environment). We evaluate our framework using a simulation dataset studying nuclear fuel performance. C1 [Maljovec, Dan; Wang, Bei; Pascucci, Valerio] Univ Utah, Inst Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Rosen, Paul] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL USA. [Alfonsi, Andrea; Pastore, Giovanni; Rabiti, Cristian] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Maljovec, D (reprint author), Univ Utah, Inst Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM maljovec@sci.utah.edu; beiwang@sci.utah.edu; prosen@usf.edu; andrea.alfonsi@inl.gov; giovanni.pastore@inl.gov; cristian.rabiti@inl.gov; pascucci@sci.utah.edu OI Rosen, Paul/0000-0002-0873-9518 NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-5090-1451-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2016 BP 64 EP 71 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0DK UT WOS:000386185000009 ER PT S AU Zhang, J Guo, HQ Yuan, XR AF Zhang, Jiang Guo, Hanqi Yuan, Xiaoru BE Hansen, C Viola, I Yuan, X TI Efficient Unsteady Flow Visualization with High-Order Access Dependencies SO 2016 IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM (PACIFICVIS) SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (IEEE PacificVis) CY APR 19-22, 2016 CL Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, Bosch Res N Amer, Alibaba Secur, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci HO Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol ID COHERENT STRUCTURES; COMPUTATION; ADVECTION AB We present a novel high-order access dependencies-based model for efficient pathline computation in unsteady flow visualization. By taking longer access sequences into account to model more sophisticated data access patterns in particle tracing, our method greatly improves the accuracy and reliability in data access prediction. In our work, high-order access dependencies are calculated by tracing uniformly seeded pathlines in both forward and backward directions in a preprocessing stage. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through a parallel particle tracing framework with high-order data prefetching. Results show that our method achieves higher data locality and hence improves the efficiency of pathline computation. C1 [Zhang, Jiang; Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Machine Percept, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Jiang; Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Sch EECS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Beijing Engn Technol Res Ctr Virtual Simulat & Vi, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Guo, Hanqi] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Machine Percept, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Zhang, J (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch EECS, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jiang.zhang@pku.edu.cn; hguo@anl.gov; xiaoru.yuan@pku.edu.cn NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-5090-1451-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2016 BP 80 EP 87 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0DK UT WOS:000386185000011 ER PT S AU Liu, RC Guo, HQ Zhang, J Yuan, XR AF Liu, Richen Guo, Hanqi Zhang, Jiang Yuan, Xiaoru BE Hansen, C Viola, I Yuan, X TI Comparative Visualization of Vector Field Ensembles Based on Longest Common Subsequence SO 2016 IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM (PACIFICVIS) SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (IEEE PacificVis) CY APR 19-22, 2016 CL Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, Bosch Res N Amer, Alibaba Secur, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci HO Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol ID UNCERTAINTY AB We propose a longest common subsequence (LCSS)-based approach to compute the distance among vector field ensembles. By measuring how many common blocks the ensemble pathlines pass through, the LCSS distance defines the similarity among vector field ensembles by counting the number of shared domain data blocks. Compared with traditional methods (e.g., pointwise Euclidean distance or dynamic time warping distance), the proposed approach is robust to outliers, missing data, and the sampling rate of the pathline timesteps. Taking advantage of smaller and reusable intermediate output, visualization based on the proposed LCSS approach reveals temporal trends in the data at low storage cost and avoids tracing pathlines repeatedly. We evaluate our method on both synthetic data and simulation data, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed approach. C1 [Liu, Richen; Zhang, Jiang; Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Machine Percept, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Liu, Richen; Zhang, Jiang; Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Sch EECS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Xiaoru] Peking Univ, Beijing Engn Technol Res Ctr Virtual Simulat & Vi, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Guo, Hanqi] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, RC (reprint author), Peking Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Machine Percept, Beijing, Peoples R China.; Liu, RC (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch EECS, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM richen@pku.edu.cn; hguo@anl.gov; jiang.zhang@pku.edu.cn; xiaoru.yuan@pku.edu.cn NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-5090-1451-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2016 BP 96 EP 103 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0DK UT WOS:000386185000013 ER PT S AU Bhatia, H Gyulassy, AG Pascucci, V Bremer, M Ong, MT Lordi, V Draeger, EW Pask, JE Bremer, PT AF Bhatia, Harsh Gyulassy, Attila G. Pascucci, Valerio Bremer, Martina Ong, Mitchell T. Lordi, Vincenzo Draeger, Erik W. Pask, John E. Bremer, Peer-Timo BE Hansen, C Viola, I Yuan, X TI Interactive Exploration of Atomic Trajectories Through Relative-Angle Distribution and Associated Uncertainties SO 2016 IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM (PACIFICVIS) SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (IEEE PacificVis) CY APR 19-22, 2016 CL Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, Bosch Res N Amer, Alibaba Secur, Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol, Acad Sinica, Inst Informat Sci HO Natl Taiwan Univ Sci & Technol ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES; PATTERNS AB Exploration of atomic trajectories is fundamental to understanding and characterizing complex chemical systems important in many applications. For instance, any new insight into the mechanisms of ionic migration in catalytic materials could lead to a substantial increase in battery performance. A new statistical measure, called the relative-angle distribution, has been proposed to understand complex motion - whether Brownian, ballistic, or diffusive. The relative-angle distribution can be represented as a collection of 1D histograms, but is currently created in a slow, offline process, making any parameter exploration a tedious and time-consuming task. Furthermore, the resulting plot can hide uncertainty in both the data and the visualization. As a result, once rastered or printed at a fixed resolution, these histograms can be misleading. We present a new analysis tool for the exploration of atomic trajectories that combines an interactive histogram visualization with uncertainty information for both data and plotting errors, and is also linked to an interactive 3D display of trajectories. Our tool enables a holistic exploration of trajectories previously not feasible, with the potential for significant scientific impact. In collaboration with domain experts, we have deployed our tool to analyze molecular dynamics simulations of lithium-ion diffusion. Users have found that the tool significantly accelerates the exploration process and have used it to validate a number of previously unconfirmed hypotheses. C1 [Bhatia, Harsh; Ong, Mitchell T.; Lordi, Vincenzo; Draeger, Erik W.; Pask, John E.; Bremer, Peer-Timo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gyulassy, Attila G.; Pascucci, Valerio] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bremer, Martina] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Bhatia, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bhatia4@llnl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-5090-1451-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2016 BP 120 EP 127 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG0DK UT WOS:000386185000016 ER PT S AU Bishop, E Linnehan, R Doerry, A AF Bishop, Edward Linnehan, Robert Doerry, Armin GP IEEE TI Video-SAR Using Higher Order Taylor Terms for Differential Range SO 2016 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE (RADARCONF) SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf) CY MAY 02-06, 2016 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE AB The backprojection algorithm has several advantages over Doppler based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation. These advantages have made it a standard choice for video-SAR, where measurements from airborne radars are continuously received and processed into imagery. Backprojection provides higher fidelity throughout the entire image, has greater flexibility of the image and flight path orientations, and is inherently immune to geometric distortions due to plane wave assumptions. Furthermore, the parallel nature of backprojection makes it ideally suited for implementation on general purpose graphical processing units (GPUs). However, GPUs are often designed for optimum single-precision performance and relatively slow double-precision performance. Backprojection relies on computing the differential range (Delta R) from every array position to every pixel, typically requiring a large number of double-precision operations. It has been suggested to exploit the first-order Taylor coefficients of Delta R, i.e., the far-field linear approximation, carried out using single-precision operations at the expense of significant image quality degradation. In this work we show that the single-precision, second-order Taylor approximation of Delta R yields a significant performance advantage over the double-precision square roots, while maintaining superior image quality. Geometric precision errors are estimated using third-order coefficients and verified numerically using simulations. SAR images are qualitatively compared using data collected by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. (GA-ASI). C1 [Bishop, Edward; Linnehan, Robert] Gen Atom Aeronaut Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. [Doerry, Armin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Bishop, E (reprint author), Gen Atom Aeronaut Syst Inc, San Diego, CA 92127 USA. EM edward.bishop@ga-asi.com; robert.linnehan@ga-asi.com; awdoerr@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-5090-0863-6 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2016 BP 559 EP 562 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG0MM UT WOS:000386327800107 ER PT S AU Arrington, J AF Arrington, John BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Short-range correlations and their implications for isospin-dependent modification of nuclear quark distributions SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID SCATTERING AB The past decade has provided a much clearer picture of the structure of high-momentum components in nucleons, associated with hard, short-distance interactions between pairs of nucleons. Recent Jefferson Lab data on light nuclei suggest a connection between these so-called 'short-range correlations' and the modification of the quark structure of nucleons in the nuclear environment. In light of this discovery that the detailed nuclear structure is important in describing the nuclear quark distributions, we examine the potential impact of the isospin-dependent structure of nuclei to see at what level this might yield flavor-dependent effects in nuclear quark distributions. C1 [Arrington, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johna@anl.gov NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 01011 DI 10.1051/cpjconf/201611301011 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200011 ER PT S AU Bacher, AD Brune, CR Sayre, DB Hale, GM Frenje, JA Johnson, MG AF Bacher, A. D. Brune, C. R. Sayre, D. B. Hale, G. M. Frenje, J. A. Johnson, M. Gatu BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI T(T,2n)He-4 and 3He(He-3,(2)p)He-4: The Reaction Mechanism from Solar Energies to 10 MeV SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB We have studied the energy dependence of the reaction mechanism of the T(t,2n)He-4 reaction at stellar energies and of its charge symmetric analog reaction He-3(He-3,(2)p)He-4 at energies up 10 MeV. We find that the reaction mechanism changes dramatically over this energy range in part due to the interference of the two identical fermions in the three-body final state. C1 [Bacher, A. D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Brune, C. R.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Sayre, D. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hale, G. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Frenje, J. A.; Johnson, M. Gatu] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bacher, AD (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 03003 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611303003 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200027 ER PT S AU Deshpande, A Meziani, ZE Qiu, JW AF Deshpande, Abhay Meziani, Zein-Eddine Qiu, Jian-Wei BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Towards the next QCD Frontier with the Electron Ion Collider SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB In this talk, we argue that the proposed Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with its unique capability to collide polarized electrons with polarized protons and light ions at unprecedented luminosity, and with heavy nuclei at high energy, will be the most powerful tomographic scanner able to precisely image gluons and quarks inside the proton and nuclei. This precision microscope will allow us to "see" and explore the dynamics binding gluons and quarks together to form hadrons. The EIC will address the most compelling unanswered questions in QCD and hadron physics. C1 [Deshpande, Abhay; Qiu, Jian-Wei] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Meziani, Zein-Eddine] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Qiu, Jian-Wei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Qiu, Jian-Wei] SUNY Stony Brook, CN Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Deshpande, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM abhay.deshpande@stonybrook.edu; meziani@temple.edu; jqiu@bnl.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 05019 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611305019 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200092 ER PT S AU Ding, MH Gao, F Chang, L Liu, YX Roberts, CD AF Ding, Minghui Gao, Fei Chang, Lei Liu, Yu-Xin Roberts, Craig D. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Leading Twist Parton Distribution Amplitudes in Heavy Flavor Pseudoscalar Mesons From Dyson-Schwinger Equations of QCD SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID FACTORIZATION; PHYSICS; DECAYS AB We compute the valence-quark leading twist parton distribution amplitudes (PDAs) of heavy pseudoscalar mesons eta(c) and eta(b) and find that they are both broader than the delta-like function while narrower than the asymptotic one. The evolution of distribution amplitude with momentum scale is then considered and PDAs will turn to a asymptotic form when the momentum goes to infinity. C1 [Ding, Minghui; Gao, Fei; Liu, Yu-Xin] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ding, Minghui; Gao, Fei; Liu, Yu-Xin] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chang, Lei] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Roberts, Craig D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Theory Grp, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Ding, MH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Ding, MH (reprint author), Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM mhding@pku.edu.cn; hiei@pku.edu.cn; lei.chiong@gmail.com; yxliu@pku.edu.cn; c.d.roberts@anl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 05020 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611305020 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200093 ER PT S AU Dohet-Eraly, J Navratil, P Quaglioni, S Horiuchi, W Hupin, G AF Dohet-Eraly, Jeremy Navratil, Petr Quaglioni, Sofia Horiuchi, Wataru Hupin, Guillaume BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Towards an ab initio description of light-nuclei radiative captures SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID H-3(ALPHA,GAMMA)LI-7 REACTION; GAMMA)LI-7 REACTIONS; MODEL; SCATTERING; HE-3; ENERGIES AB The He-3(alpha, gamma)Be-7 and H-3(alpha, gamma)Li-7 astrophysical S factors are evaluated at low collision energies (less than 2.5 MeV in the centre-of-mass frame) within the no-core shell model with continuum using a renormalized chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction. C1 [Dohet-Eraly, Jeremy; Navratil, Petr] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Quaglioni, Sofia; Hupin, Guillaume] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Horiuchi, Wataru] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Phys, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Dohet-Eraly, J (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM jdoheter@triumf.ca NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 06002 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611306002 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200100 ER PT S AU Dudek, JJ AF Dudek, Jozef J. CA Hadron Spectrum Collaboration BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Hadron Resonances from QCD SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID FINITE-VOLUME; SCATTERING MATRIX; LATTICE; STATES AB I describe how hadron-hadron scattering amplitudes are related to the eigenstates of QCD in a finite cubic volume. The discrete spectrum of such eigenstates can be determined from correlation functions computed using lattice QCD, and the corresponding scattering amplitudes extracted. I review results from the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration who have used these finite volume methods to study pi pi elastic scattering, including the rho resonance, as well as coupled-channel pi K, eta K scattering. The very recent extension to the case where an external current acts is also presented, considering the reaction pi gamma(star) -> pi pi, from which the unstable rho -> pi gamma transition form factor is extracted. Ongoing calculations are advertised and the outlook for finite volume approaches is presented. C1 [Dudek, Jozef J.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Dudek, Jozef J.] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dudek, JJ (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA.; Dudek, JJ (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM dudek@jlab.org NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 01001 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611301001 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200001 ER PT S AU Eremenko, V Hlophe, L Elster, C Nunes, FM Thompson, IJ Arbanas, G Escher, JE AF Eremenko, V. Hlophe, L. Elster, Ch. Nunes, F. M. Thompson, I. J. Arbanas, G. Escher, J. E. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Towards a Faddeev-AGS description of (d, p) reactions with heavy nuclei: Regularizing integrals with Coulomb functions. SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB The repulsive Coulomb force poses severe challenges when describing (d, p) reactions for highly charged nuclei as a three-body problem. Casting Faddeev-AGS equations in a Coulomb basis avoids introducing screening of the Coulomb force. However, momentum space partial-wave t-matrix elements need to be evaluated in this basis. When those t-matrices are separable, the evaluation requires the folding of a form factor, depending on one momentum variable, with a momentum space partial-wave Coulomb function, which has a singular behavior at the external momentum q. We developed an improved regularization scheme to calculate Coulomb distorted form factors as the integral over the Coulomb function and complex nuclear form factors. C1 [Eremenko, V.; Hlophe, L.; Elster, Ch.] Ohio Univ, INPP, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Eremenko, V.; Hlophe, L.; Elster, Ch.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Nunes, F. M.] Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nunes, F. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thompson, I. J.; Escher, J. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414, Livermore, CA USA. [Arbanas, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Reactor & Nucl Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Eremenko, V.] SINP MV Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Eremenko, V (reprint author), Ohio Univ, INPP, Athens, OH 45701 USA.; Eremenko, V (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA.; Eremenko, V (reprint author), SINP MV Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM to@vsl.name; elster@ohio.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 03016 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611303016 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200040 ER PT S AU Gao, F Ding, MH Chang, L Liu, YX Roberts, CD AF Gao, Fei Ding, Minghui Chang, Lei Liu, Yu-Xin Roberts, Craig D. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Leading Twist Parton Distribution Amplitudes in Heavy Vector Mesons SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; QCD FACTORIZATION; EQUATIONS; DECAYS; QUARK AB We employed QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) for heavy quarks and obtained the leading twist parton distribution amplitudes (PDAs) in heavy vector mesons J/psi and Upsilon. We found that all of the amplitudes are narrower than the asymptotic form, while they deviate from delta function. This indicates that the interaction between the two continent quarks are still important in the mesons consisted of charm and bottom quarks. C1 [Gao, Fei; Ding, Minghui; Liu, Yu-Xin] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gao, Fei; Ding, Minghui; Liu, Yu-Xin] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gao, Fei; Ding, Minghui; Liu, Yu-Xin] Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chang, Lei] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Liu, Yu-Xin] Peking Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Roberts, Craig D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Gao, F (reprint author), Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.; Gao, F (reprint author), Collaborat Innovat Ctr Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM hiei@pku.edu.cn; mhding@pku.edu.cn; lei.chiong@gmail.com; yxliu@pku.edu.cn; c.d.roberts@anl.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 05014 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611305014 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200087 ER PT S AU Gibson, BF Afnan, IR AF Gibson, B. F. Afnan, I. R. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Conjecture: A Possible nn Lambda Resonance SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID SCATTERING AB We address the question of whether there might exist a resonance in the nnA system, using a rank one separable potential formulation of the Hamiltonian. We explore the eigenvalues of the kernel of the Faddeev equation in the complex energy plane using contour rotation to allow us to analytically continue the kernel onto the second energy sheet. We follow the largest eigenvalue as the n Lambda potentials are scaled and the nn Lambda continuum is turned into a resonance and then into a bound state of the system. C1 [Gibson, B. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Afnan, I. R.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Gibson, BF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bfgibson@lanl.gov; iraj.afnan@flinders.edu.au NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 07003 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611307003 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200120 ER PT S AU Hadizadeh, MR Wendt, KA Elster, C AF Hadizadeh, M. R. Wendt, K. A. Elster, Ch. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Three Dimensional SRG Evolution of the NN Interactions Using Picard Iteration SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) evolution of nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions is calculated directly as function of momentum vectors for realistic potentials. To overcome the stiffness of the SRG flow equations in differential form for far off diagonal matrix elements, the differential equation is transformed to an integral form without employing a partial wave decomposition. C1 [Hadizadeh, M. R.; Elster, Ch.] Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Hadizadeh, M. R.; Elster, Ch.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Wendt, K. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wendt, K. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hadizadeh, MR (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA.; Hadizadeh, MR (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. EM hadizadm@ohio.edu OI /0000-0001-8419-3206 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 08008 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611308008 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200133 ER PT S AU Hlophe, L Eremenko, V Elster, C Nunes, FM Thompson, IJ Arbanas, G Escher, JE AF Hlophe, L. Eremenko, V. Elster, Ch. Nunes, F. M. Thompson, I. J. Arbanas, G. Escher, J. E. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Separable Forces for (d, p) Reactions in Momentum Space SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB Treating (d, p) reactions in a Faddeev-Lambda GS framework requires the interactions in the sub-systems as input. We derived separable representations for the neutron and proton-nucleus interactions from phenomenological global optical potentials. In order to take into account excitations of the nucleus, excitations need to be included explicitly, leading to a coupled-channel separable representation of the optical potential. C1 [Hlophe, L.; Eremenko, V.; Elster, Ch.] Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45710 USA. [Hlophe, L.; Eremenko, V.; Elster, Ch.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45710 USA. [Nunes, F. M.] Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thompson, I. J.; Escher, J. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab L414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Arbanas, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Eremenko, V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Elster, C (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45710 USA.; Elster, C (reprint author), Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45710 USA. EM elster@ohio.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 08010 DI 10.1051/epjconf/2016113080010 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200135 ER PT S AU Holt, RJ AF Holt, Roy J. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Quarks in Few Body Nuclei SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN STRUCTURE; MIRROR NUCLEI AB Electron scattering at very high Bjorken x from hadrons provides an excellent test of models, has an important role in high energy physics, and from nuclei, provides a window into short range correlations. Light nuclei have a key role because of the relatively well-known nuclear structure. The development of a novel tritium target for Jefferson Lab has led to renewed interest in the mass three system. For example, deep inelastic scattering experiments in the light nuclei provide a powerful means to determine the neutron structure function. The isospin dependence of electron scattering from mass-3 nuclei provide information on short range correlations in nuclei. The program using the new tritium target will be presented along with a summary of other experiments aimed at revealing the large-x structure of the nucleon. C1 [Holt, Roy J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Holt, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM holt@anl.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 05011 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611305011 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200084 ER PT S AU Jones, MD Kohley, Z Baumann, T Christian, G DeYoung, PA Finck, JE Frank, N Haring-Kaye, RA Kuchera, AN Luther, B Mosby, S Smith, JK Snyder, J Spyrou, A Stephenson, SL Thoennessen, M AF Jones, M. D. Kohley, Z. Baumann, T. Christian, G. DeYoung, P. A. Finck, J. E. Frank, N. Haring-Kaye, R. A. Kuchera, A. N. Luther, B. Mosby, S. Smith, J. K. Snyder, J. Spyrou, A. Stephenson, S. L. Thoennessen, M. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Search for 4n contributions in the reaction Be-14(CH2,X)He-10 SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB A previously published measurement of the ground state resonance of He-10, populated by a reaction of a 59 MeV/u Be-14 beam on a deuterated polyethylene target, was further analyzed to search for 4n emission resulting from 2p removal. No evidence for 4n events was found. A lower limit of about 1 MeV was determined for a possible resonance in He-12. C1 [Jones, M. D.; Kohley, Z.; Baumann, T.; Christian, G.; Kuchera, A. N.; Mosby, S.; Smith, J. K.; Snyder, J.; Spyrou, A.; Thoennessen, M.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Jones, M. D.; Christian, G.; Mosby, S.; Smith, J. K.; Snyder, J.; Spyrou, A.; Thoennessen, M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kohley, Z.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [DeYoung, P. A.] Hope Coll, Dept Phys, Holland, MI 49422 USA. [Finck, J. E.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Frank, N.] Augustana Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Rock Isl, IL 61201 USA. [Haring-Kaye, R. A.] Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Luther, B.] Concordia Coll, Dept Phys, Moorhead, MN 56562 USA. [Stephenson, S. L.] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Phys, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Christian, G.; Smith, J. K.] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Mosby, S.] LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jones, MD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.; Jones, MD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jonesm@nscl.msu.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 06006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611306006 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200104 ER PT S AU Lonardonii, D Lovatoi, A Gandolfi, S Pederiva, F AF Lonardonii, Diego Lovatoi, Alessandro Gandolfi, Stefano Pederiva, Francesco BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Strangeness in nuclei and neutron stars: a challenging puzzle SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID BINDING-ENERGIES; HYPERNUCLEI AB The prediction of neutron stars properties is strictly connected to the employed nuclear interactions. The appearance of hyperons in the inner core of the star is strongly dependent on the details of the underlying hypernuclear force. We summarize our recent quantum Monte Carlo results on the development of realistic two- and three body hyperon-nucleon interactions based on the available experimental data for light- and medium-heavy hypernuclei. C1 [Lonardonii, Diego; Lovatoi, Alessandro] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Gandolfi, Stefano] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pederiva, Francesco] Univ Trento, Dept Phys, Via Sommar 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Pederiva, Francesco] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys, Trento, Italy. RP Lonardonii, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. OI Gandolfi, Stefano/0000-0002-0430-9035 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 07006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611307006 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200123 ER PT S AU Lovato, A Benhar, O Carlson, J Gandolfi, S Pieper, SC Rocco, N Schiavilla, R AF Lovato, A. Benhar, O. Carlson, J. Gandolfi, S. Pieper, Steven C. Rocco, N. Schiavilla, R. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Ab initio calculation of the electromagnetic and neutral-weak response functions of He-4 and C-12 SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID NUCLEUS SCATTERING; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; EXCHANGE; CURRENTS AB Precise measurement of neutrino oscillations, and hence the determination of their masses demands a quantitative understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions. To this aim, two-body meson-exchange currents have to be accounted for along within realistic models of nuclear dynamics. We summarize our progresses towards the construction of a consistent framework, based on quantum Monte Carlo methods and on the spectral function approach, that can be exploited to accurately describe neutrino interactions with atomic nuclei over the broad kinematical region covered by neutrino experiments. C1 [Lovato, A.; Pieper, Steven C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Benhar, O.; Rocco, N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Benhar, O.; Rocco, N.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Schiavilla, R.] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Schiavilla, R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Lovato, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lovato@anl.gov; benhar@roma1.infn.it OI Gandolfi, Stefano/0000-0002-0430-9035; Carlson, Joseph/0000-0002-3163-5565 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 01010 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611301010 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200010 ER PT S AU Lovell, AE Nunes, FM Thompson, IJ AF Lovell, A. E. Nunes, F. M. Thompson, I. J. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Two neutron decay of Be-16 SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB Recently, the first example of two-neutron decay from the ground state of an unbound nucleus, Be-16, was seen (A. Spyrou, et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 102501 (2012)). Three-body methods are ideal for exactly treating the degrees of freedom important for these decays. Using a basis expansion over hyperspherical harmonics and the hyperspherical R-matrix method, we construct a realistic model of Be-16 in order to investigate its decay mode and the role of the two-neutron interaction. The neutron-Be-14 interaction is constrained using shell model predictions. We obtain a ground state for Be-16 that is under-bound by approximately 0.7 MeV with a width of approximately 0.17 MeV. For such a system, an attractive three-body force must be included to reproduce the experimental ground state energy. C1 [Lovell, A. E.; Nunes, F. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lovell, A. E.; Nunes, F. M.] Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thompson, I. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lovell, AE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.; Lovell, AE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lovell@nscl.msu.edu; nunes@nscl.msu.edu; IJT@ianthompson.org NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 06015 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611306015 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200113 ER PT S AU Lynn, JE AF Lynn, J. E. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Green's Function Monte Carlo Calculations with Two- and Three-Nucleon Interactions from Chiral Effective Field Theory SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB I discuss our recent work on Green's function Monte Carlo (GFMC) calculations of light nuclei using local nucleon-nucleon interactions derived from chiral effective field theory (EFT) up to next-to-next-to-leading order ((NLO)-L-2). I present the natural extension of this work to include the consistent three-nucleon (3N) forces at the same order in the chiral expansion. I discuss our choice of observables to fit the two low-energy constants which enter in the 3N sector at (NLO)-L-2 and present some results for light nuclei. C1 [Lynn, J. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lynn, JE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joel.lynn@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 08011 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611308011 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200136 ER PT S AU Maris, P Binder, S Calci, A Epelbaum, E Furnstahl, RJ Golak, J Hebeler, K Kamada, H Krebs, H Langhammer, J Liebig, S Meissner, UG Minossi, D Nogga, A Potter, H Roth, R Skibinski, R Topolnicki, K Vary, JP Witala, H AF Maris, P. Binder, S. Calci, A. Epelbaum, E. Furnstahl, R. J. Golak, J. Hebeler, K. Kamada, H. Krebs, H. Langhammer, J. Liebig, S. Meissner, U. -G. Minossi, D. Nogga, A. Potter, H. Roth, R. Skibinski, R. Topolnicki, K. Vary, J. P. Witala, H. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Properties of He-4 and Li-6 with improved chiral EFT interactions SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID CORE-SHELL-MODEL; NUCLEAR-FORCES AB We present recent results for He-4 and Li-6 obtained with improved NN interactions derived from chiral effective field theory up to (NLO)-L-4. The many-body calculations are performed order-by-order in the chiral expansion. At (NLO)-L-3 and (NLO)-L-4 additional renormalization using the Similarity Renormalization Group is adopted to improve numerical convergence of the many-body calculations. We discuss results for the ground state energies, as well as the magnetic moment and the low-lying spectrum of Li-6. C1 [Maris, P.; Potter, H.; Vary, J. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Binder, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Calci, A.] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Epelbaum, E.; Krebs, H.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Furnstahl, R. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, 174 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Golak, J.; Skibinski, R.; Topolnicki, K.; Witala, H.] Jagiellonian Univ, M Smoluchowski Inst Phys, PL-30348 Krakow, Poland. [Hebeler, K.; Langhammer, J.; Roth, R.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Kamada, H.] Kyushu Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Fac Engn, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan. [Liebig, S.; Meissner, U. -G.; Nogga, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Adv Simulat, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Liebig, S.; Meissner, U. -G.; Nogga, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Ctr Hadron Phys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Meissner, U. -G.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Meissner, U. -G.] Univ Bonn, Bethe Ctr Theoret Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Meissner, U. -G.] Forschungszentrum Julich, JARA High Performance Comp, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RP Maris, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pmaris@iastate.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 04015 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611304015 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200059 ER PT S AU Miorelli, M Bacca, S Barnea, N Hagen, G Orlandini, G Papenbrock, T AF Miorelli, Mirko Bacca, Sonia Barnea, Nir Hagen, Gaute Orlandini, Giuseppina Papenbrock, Thomas BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Electric dipole polarizability: from few- to many-body systems SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID ENERGY AB We review the Lorentz integral transform coupled-cluster method for the calculation of the electric dipole polarizability. We benchmark our results with exact hyperspherical harmonics calculations for He-4 and then we move to a heavier nucleus studying O-16 We observe that the implemented chiral nucleon-nucleon interaction at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order underestimates the electric dipole polarizability. C1 [Miorelli, Mirko; Bacca, Sonia] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Miorelli, Mirko] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bacca, Sonia] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Barnea, Nir] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Hagen, Gaute; Papenbrock, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hagen, Gaute; Papenbrock, Thomas] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Orlandini, Giuseppina] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, Via Sommar 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy. [Orlandini, Giuseppina] TIFPA, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via Sommar 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy. RP Miorelli, M (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada.; Miorelli, M (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM mmiorelli@triumf.ca; bacca@triumf.ca OI Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 04007 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611304007 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200051 ER PT S AU Mokeev, VI Aznauryan, IG Burkert, VD Gothe, RW AF Mokeev, V. I. Aznauryan, I. G. Burkert, V. D. Gothe, R. W. CA CLAS Collaboration BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Recent results on the nucleon resonance spectrum and structure from the CLAS detector SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab AB The CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab has provided the dominant part of all available worldwide data on exclusive meson electroproduction off protons in the resonance region. New results on the gamma(v)pN* transition amplitudes (electrocouplings) are available from analyses of the CLAS data and will be presented. Their impact on understanding of hadron structure will be discussed emphasizing the credible access to the dressed quark mass function that has been achieved for the first time by a combined analysis of the experimental results on the electromagnetic nucleon elastic and N -> N* transition form factors. We will also discuss further convincing evidences for a new baryon state N' (1720)3/2(+) found in a combined analysis of charged double pion photo-and electroproduction cross sections off the protons. C1 [Mokeev, V. I.; Burkert, V. D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Mokeev, V. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Lenninskie Gory, Russia. [Mokeev, V. I.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119899, Lenninskie Gory, Russia. [Aznauryan, I. G.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Gothe, R. W.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Mokeev, VI (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.; Mokeev, VI (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Nucl Phys Inst, Moscow 119899, Lenninskie Gory, Russia.; Mokeev, VI (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119899, Lenninskie Gory, Russia. EM mokeev@jlab.org NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 01013 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611301013 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200013 ER PT S AU Myers, LS Arrington, JR Higinbotham, DW AF Myers, L. S. Arrington, J. R. Higinbotham, D. W. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI The H-3-He-3 Charge Radii Difference SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID HE-3 AB The upcoming E12-14-009 [1] experiment at Jefferson Lab will determine the ratio of the electric form factors for the A=3 mirror nuclei H-3 and H-3. The measurement will use a 1.1 GeV electron beam. a special collimator plate to allow for simultaneous optics measurements, and the low-activity tritium target being prepared for Jefferson Lab. By observing the dependence of the form factor ratio as a function of Q(2) over 0.05-0.09 GeV2, the dependence of the radii extraction on the shape of the form factors is minimized. As a result, we anticipate the uncertainty of the extracted charge radii difference to he 0.03 fm, a reduction of 70% from the current measurement. IJsing precise measurements of the 'He charge radius from isotopic shift or mu He measurements [2-4], we can deduce the absolute H-3 charge radius. The results will provide a direct comparison to recent calculations of the charge radii. C1 [Myers, L. S.; Higinbotham, D. W.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Arrington, J. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Myers, LS (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM lmyers@jlab.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 08013 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611308013 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200138 ER PT S AU Myers, LS AF Myers, L. S. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Recent Deuteron Compton Scattering Results and Extracted Neutron Polarizabilities SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID FOCAL-PLANE ELECTRONICS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY AB The COMPTON@MAX-lab collaboration has recently published a new measurement of elastic photon scattering from deuterium using tagged photons at the MAX IV Laboratory [1]. The experiment utilized the Tagged Photon Facility at MAX IV and three of the largest NaI(TI) detectors in the world. Correction terms to the cross section were detennined via Monte Carlo simulations [2, 3] and were confirmed by comparisons to the well-known C-12(gamma,gamma)C-12 reaction [4]. These results represent the most extensive data on deuteron Compton scattering ever measured and effectively double the world data set. In addition, the energy range overlaps previous experiments and extends nearly 20 MeV higher where the sensitivity to the polarizabilities is enhanced. As a result, we have obtained the neutron polarizabilities as cy,=[11.55 1.25(stat) 0.2(BSR) 0.8(th)] x 10(-4) fm(3) and beta(n)= [3.65 -/+ 1.25(stat) +/- 0.2(BSR) +/- 0.8(th)] x 10(-4) fm(3), which represents a 30% reduction in the statistical uncertainty. C1 [Myers, L. S.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Myers, LS (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM lmyers@jlab.org NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 04005 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611304005 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200049 ER PT S AU Myhrer, F Pastore, S AF Myhrer, F. Pastore, S. BE Elster, C Phillips, DR Roberts, CD TI Neutrino pion production off deuteron SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB21) CY MAY 18-22, 2015 CL Chicago, IL SP Ohio Univ, Argonne Natl Lab ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; PHOTOPRODUCTION; NUCLEI AB Experimental investigations of neutrino properties, using neutrino beams generated at accelerators facilities, necessitate a detailed and precise knowledge of neutrino-nucleus reaction mechanisms. In the energy region of nuclear quasi-elastic scattering, pion-production reactions constitute an important background process. A theoretical understanding of these processes is then required in order to correctly determine the produced neutrino energy spectrum. In the first stage of our research project, we study neutrino induced pion-production off deuterons. The choice of the deuteron minimizes the complications of the nuclear dynamics associated with larger nuclear systems. We evaluate the pion-production reaction near threshold using heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. C1 [Myhrer, F.; Pastore, S.] Univ South Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pastore, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Myhrer, F (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM myhrer@physics.sc.edu; saori@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2016 VL 113 AR 04028 DI 10.1051/epjconf/201611304028 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG0KL UT WOS:000386310200072 ER EF